From 2291f4d790bedd48606701dd2bfabe80d453cd4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: storyxc <storyxc@163.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 11:21:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?github=20actions=E8=87=AA=E5=8A=A8=E9=83=A8?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BD=B2?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 404.html                                      |   22 +
 CNAME                                         |    1 +
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 actions/index.html                            |   25 +
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 actions/tools/Sketch.html                     |   25 +
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 ...\351\235\242\347\276\216\345\214\226.html" | 1421 +++++
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 assets/actions_index.md.dfdbbd45.js           |    1 +
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 assets/actions_tools_Sketch.md.184785be.js    |    1 +
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 ...42\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.97e218dc.js" | 1397 +++++
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 assets/app.98759a4d.js                        |    1 +
 assets/chunks/VPAlgoliaSearchBox.1f3c45de.js  |   17 +
 assets/chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js           |    2 +
 assets/chunks/theme.cc3777bc.js               |    1 +
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 ...6\214\207\344\273\244.md.be50a4c2.lean.js" |    1 +
 assets/docker_index.md.0766ccbd.js            |    1 +
 assets/docker_index.md.0766ccbd.lean.js       |    1 +
 assets/frontend_base_CSS.md.489dbb90.js       |  391 ++
 assets/frontend_base_CSS.md.489dbb90.lean.js  |    1 +
 assets/frontend_base_HTML.md.41f21a39.js      |    1 +
 assets/frontend_base_HTML.md.41f21a39.lean.js |    1 +
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 ...ontend_base_JavaScript.md.c1a9a326.lean.js |    1 +
 assets/frontend_base_Nodejs.md.e7030a94.js    |   29 +
 .../frontend_base_Nodejs.md.e7030a94.lean.js  |    1 +
 .../frontend_base_Typescript.md.16e6c7bf.js   | 1371 +++++
 ...ontend_base_Typescript.md.16e6c7bf.lean.js |    1 +
 assets/frontend_base_Webpack.md.c2dbe130.js   |  141 +
 .../frontend_base_Webpack.md.c2dbe130.lean.js |    1 +
 assets/frontend_base_jQuery.md.6fdecc20.js    |  115 +
 .../frontend_base_jQuery.md.6fdecc20.lean.js  |    1 +
 assets/frontend_framework_Vue.md.6fa88c7d.js  |  923 +++
 ...frontend_framework_Vue.md.6fa88c7d.lean.js |    1 +
 assets/frontend_index.md.6e88b393.js          |    1 +
 assets/frontend_index.md.6e88b393.lean.js     |    1 +
 ...01\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.4accd053.js" |  603 ++
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 ...d_others_HackingWithSwift-1.md.7dba2c15.js |  853 +++
 ...ers_HackingWithSwift-1.md.7dba2c15.lean.js |    1 +
 ...d_others_HackingWithSwift-2.md.87b7531a.js | 1413 +++++
 ...ers_HackingWithSwift-2.md.87b7531a.lean.js |    1 +
 ...UI\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2cd6fe0a.js" |  319 ++
 ...5\205\245\351\227\250.md.2cd6fe0a.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...ft\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a75c6000.js" |  305 +
 ...0\257\255\346\263\225.md.a75c6000.lean.js" |    1 +
 assets/golang_base_GoTemplate.md.a36033f3.js  |  391 ++
 ...golang_base_GoTemplate.md.a36033f3.lean.js |    1 +
 ...00\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.34f0e37a.js" | 5003 ++++++++++++++++
 ...0\257\255\346\263\225.md.34f0e37a.lean.js" |    1 +
 assets/golang_cli_Cobra.md.011e6966.js        |  369 ++
 assets/golang_cli_Cobra.md.011e6966.lean.js   |    1 +
 assets/golang_index.md.31de1fdd.js            |    1 +
 assets/golang_index.md.31de1fdd.lean.js       |    1 +
 .../golang_tools_redis-cleaner.md.e6208a6d.js |  143 +
 ...ng_tools_redis-cleaner.md.e6208a6d.lean.js |    1 +
 assets/golang_web_Gin.md.4dbc6d69.js          |  491 ++
 assets/golang_web_Gin.md.4dbc6d69.lean.js     |    1 +
 assets/index.md.a1cf111e.js                   |    1 +
 assets/index.md.a1cf111e.lean.js              |    1 +
 .../inter-italic-cyrillic-ext.33bd5a8e.woff2  |  Bin 0 -> 28332 bytes
 assets/inter-italic-cyrillic.ea42a392.woff2   |  Bin 0 -> 17824 bytes
 assets/inter-italic-greek-ext.4fbe9427.woff2  |  Bin 0 -> 12188 bytes
 assets/inter-italic-greek.8f4463c4.woff2      |  Bin 0 -> 23264 bytes
 assets/inter-italic-latin-ext.bd8920cc.woff2  |  Bin 0 -> 63552 bytes
 assets/inter-italic-latin.bd3b6f56.woff2      |  Bin 0 -> 46048 bytes
 assets/inter-italic-vietnamese.6ce511fb.woff2 |  Bin 0 -> 8784 bytes
 .../inter-roman-cyrillic-ext.e75737ce.woff2   |  Bin 0 -> 26600 bytes
 assets/inter-roman-cyrillic.5f2c6c8c.woff2    |  Bin 0 -> 16780 bytes
 assets/inter-roman-greek-ext.ab0619bc.woff2   |  Bin 0 -> 11808 bytes
 assets/inter-roman-greek.d5a6d92a.woff2       |  Bin 0 -> 21776 bytes
 assets/inter-roman-latin-ext.0030eebd.woff2   |  Bin 0 -> 59608 bytes
 assets/inter-roman-latin.2ed14f66.woff2       |  Bin 0 -> 42464 bytes
 assets/inter-roman-vietnamese.14ce25a6.woff2  |  Bin 0 -> 8492 bytes
 ...01\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.48e8fbda.js" |  569 ++
 ...5\255\246\344\271\240.md.48e8fbda.lean.js" |    1 +
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 ...15\345\216\237\347\220\206.md.80ce262b.js" |    1 +
 ...5\216\237\347\220\206.md.80ce262b.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...25\345\216\206\345\217\262.md.012edc60.js" |    1 +
 ...5\216\206\345\217\262.md.012edc60.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...or\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.f54f9898.js" |  737 +++
 ...1\205\215\347\275\256.md.f54f9898.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...66\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.a324f35c.js" | 1809 ++++++
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 ...01\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.011de3ca.js" |  617 ++
 ...5\210\206\346\236\220.md.011de3ca.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...75\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.ac043ce5.js" |    1 +
 ...6\263\250\350\247\243.md.ac043ce5.lean.js" |    1 +
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 ...1\205\215\347\275\256.md.d100f381.lean.js" |    1 +
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 ...5\256\232\344\271\211.md.903927df.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...57\345\212\237\350\203\275.md.a7af1ecc.js" |  419 ++
 ...5\212\237\350\203\275.md.a7af1ecc.lean.js" |    1 +
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 ...5\205\261\344\272\253.md.8c867f0c.lean.js" |    1 +
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 ...a_framework_swagger_knife4j.md.6a4fc9a2.js |  377 ++
 ...mework_swagger_knife4j.md.6a4fc9a2.lean.js |    1 +
 ...5\257\274\345\207\272excel.md.cc4ab89c.js" |   75 +
 ...\274\345\207\272excel.md.cc4ab89c.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...60\346\240\241\351\252\214.md.6dae7ad7.js" |  177 +
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 ...1\205\215\347\275\256.md.c2c079d5.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...71\211MybatisPlusGenerator.md.fbd32499.js" |  813 +++
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 assets/java_index.md.8da16d58.js              |    1 +
 assets/java_index.md.8da16d58.lean.js         |    1 +
 ...40\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.8714a6ca.js" |    1 +
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 ...\351\227\264\344\273\266MQ.md.ab53b116.js" |   59 +
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 ...ce\350\270\251\345\235\221.md.5dbf4ef7.js" |    1 +
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 ...al\347\232\204\345\235\221.md.6fcde15c.js" |   69 +
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 ...al\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.32572e80.js" |    1 +
 ...1\203\250\347\275\262.md.32572e80.lean.js" |    1 +
 .../linux_applications_Clash.md.789468ea.js   |  659 +++
 ...nux_applications_Clash.md.789468ea.lean.js |    1 +
 ...eg\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.730e4c39.js" |    1 +
 ...7\233\270\345\205\263.md.730e4c39.lean.js" |    1 +
 .../linux_applications_Grafana.md.b20e2266.js |   35 +
 ...x_applications_Grafana.md.b20e2266.lean.js |    1 +
 ...75\277\347\224\250selenium.md.d9c72365.js" |   37 +
 ...7\347\224\250selenium.md.d9c72365.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...nx\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.12a89762.js" |   79 +
 ...1\205\215\347\275\256.md.12a89762.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...linux_applications_iptables.md.b2bc0132.js |   11 +
 ..._applications_iptables.md.b2bc0132.lean.js |    1 +
 ...66\347\224\250\346\263\225.md.6e808b0c.js" |   13 +
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 ...7\216\257\345\242\203.md.de8bd8f3.lean.js" |    1 +
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 ...6\214\207\344\273\244.md.32d08e18.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...04\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.7d396de6.js" |    3 +
 ...1\205\215\347\275\256.md.7d396de6.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...\272server refused our key.md.2b8172b9.js" |   15 +
 ...erver refused our key.md.2b8172b9.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...ap\347\251\272\351\227\264.md.a3e8a621.js" |    1 +
 ...7\251\272\351\227\264.md.a3e8a621.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...345\210\266\344\271\213ACL.md.01c497e3.js" |    1 +
 ...10\266\344\271\213ACL.md.01c497e3.lean.js" |    1 +
 assets/linux_env_Ubuntu-server.md.f8067bd7.js |   35 +
 ...inux_env_Ubuntu-server.md.f8067bd7.lean.js |    1 +
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 ...6\215\267\351\224\256.md.99647a26.lean.js" |    1 +
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 ...5\221\275\344\273\244.md.956e43cd.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...72\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.a1dfde11.js" |  489 ++
 ...7\216\257\345\242\203.md.a1dfde11.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...0\215(ln\343\200\201alias).md.e5e665cb.js" |    1 +
 ...(ln\343\200\201alias).md.e5e665cb.lean.js" |    1 +
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 ...7\233\270\345\205\263.md.d72a1103.lean.js" |    1 +
 assets/linux_index.md.84fe8f9c.js             |    1 +
 assets/linux_index.md.84fe8f9c.lean.js        |    1 +
 ...00\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.41aa0843.js" |  751 +++
 ...0\257\255\346\263\225.md.41aa0843.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...21\347\274\226\347\250\213.md.8c6b0726.js" | 1023 ++++
 ...7\274\226\347\250\213.md.8c6b0726.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...50\346\267\261\345\205\245.md.8bff5476.js" |  477 ++
 ...6\267\261\345\205\245.md.8bff5476.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...31\347\210\254\345\217\226.md.07efa714.js" |  229 +
 ...7\210\254\345\217\226.md.07efa714.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...li\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.22b9dad0.js" |  133 +
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 ...27\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d0393d61.js" |  473 ++
 ...5\205\245\351\227\250.md.d0393d61.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...66\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.dbea6a16.js" |  281 +
 ...5\205\245\351\227\250.md.dbea6a16.lean.js" |    1 +
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 ...46\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.abb9f64d.js" |    1 +
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 ...37\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.cbdae13d.js" |  247 +
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 assets/python_index.md.20612eaa.js            |    1 +
 assets/python_index.md.20612eaa.lean.js       |    1 +
 ...32\346\226\207\344\273\266.md.1ea3e179.js" |   43 +
 ...6\226\207\344\273\266.md.1ea3e179.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...27\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2aaa47c0.js" |  359 ++
 ...5\205\245\351\227\250.md.2aaa47c0.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...ython_others_youtube-upload.md.aa4a8c45.js |  381 ++
 ..._others_youtube-upload.md.aa4a8c45.lean.js |    1 +
 ...56\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.ccbebd71.js" |   31 +
 ...5\244\204\347\220\206.md.ccbebd71.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...56\345\274\200\345\205\263.md.f7ba505c.js" |   29 +
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 ...60\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.3b7e4ea5.js" |  195 +
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 ...5\205\245\351\227\250.md.5b55bd9a.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...ql\344\275\277\347\224\250.md.fd929460.js" |  113 +
 ...4\275\277\347\224\250.md.fd929460.lean.js" |    1 +
 assets/style.89c45cea.css                     |    1 +
 assets/tinker_index.md.23e81368.js            |    1 +
 assets/tinker_index.md.23e81368.lean.js       |    1 +
 ...21\347\251\277\351\200\217.md.59d4ffb8.js" |   89 +
 ...7\251\277\351\200\217.md.59d4ffb8.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...12\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c04ce5ed.js" |   23 +
 ...1\205\215\347\275\256.md.c04ce5ed.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...45\274\200\345\220\257ipv6.md.22ada18d.js" |    1 +
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 ...75\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d204b695.js" |    1 +
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 ...30\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.92213c36.js" |    1 +
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 ...21\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.1ca33396.js" |   57 +
 ...6\234\215\345\212\241.md.1ca33396.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...er\346\220\255\345\273\272.md.7513604f.js" | 1291 +++++
 ...6\220\255\345\273\272.md.7513604f.lean.js" |    1 +
 ...50\345\205\263\346\234\272.md.0bbd06e0.js" |   55 +
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 .../Dockerfile\350\257\255\346\263\225.html"  |  125 +
 ...\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.html" |   35 +
 docker/index.html                             |   25 +
 favicon.ico                                   |  Bin 0 -> 15406 bytes
 frontend/base/CSS.html                        |  415 ++
 frontend/base/HTML.html                       |   25 +
 frontend/base/JavaScript.html                 | 1485 +++++
 frontend/base/Nodejs.html                     |   53 +
 frontend/base/Typescript.html                 | 1395 +++++
 frontend/base/Webpack.html                    |  165 +
 frontend/base/jQuery.html                     |  139 +
 frontend/framework/Vue.html                   |  947 ++++
 frontend/index.html                           |   25 +
 ...\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.html" |  627 ++
 frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html       |  877 +++
 frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html       | 1437 +++++
 .../SwiftUI\345\205\245\351\227\250.html"     |  343 ++
 .../swift\350\257\255\346\263\225.html"       |  329 ++
 golang/base/GoTemplate.html                   |  415 ++
 ...\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.html" | 5027 +++++++++++++++++
 golang/cli/Cobra.html                         |  393 ++
 golang/index.html                             |   25 +
 golang/tools/redis-cleaner.html               |  167 +
 golang/web/Gin.html                           |  515 ++
 hashmap.json                                  |    1 +
 index.html                                    |   25 +
 ...\347\240\201\345\255\246\344\271\240.html" |  593 ++
 ...\346\200\247\345\233\236\351\241\276.html" |  157 +
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 ...\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.html" |  253 +
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 ...\351\205\215\345\216\237\347\220\206.html" |   25 +
 ...\345\261\225\345\216\206\345\217\262.html" |   25 +
 ...is Generator\351\205\215\347\275\256.html" |  761 +++
 ...\344\273\266\346\225\260\346\215\256.html" | 1833 ++++++
 ...Cloud Config\346\216\245\345\205\245.html" |  145 +
 ...\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.html" |  641 +++
 ...\350\275\275\346\263\250\350\247\243.html" |   25 +
 ...\346\227\266\351\205\215\347\275\256.html" |  143 +
 ...\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211.html" |  207 +
 ...\350\256\257\345\212\237\350\203\275.html" |  443 ++
 ...6\244session\345\205\261\344\272\253.html" |  127 +
 ...\347\272\277\346\234\215\345\212\241.html" |  265 +
 java/framework/swagger+knife4j.html           |  401 ++
 ...syExcel\345\257\274\345\207\272excel.html" |   99 +
 ...\346\225\260\346\240\241\351\252\214.html" |  201 +
 ...6\263\346\226\271\346\241\210xxl-job.html" |   25 +
 ...\345\237\237\351\205\215\347\275\256.html" |   79 +
 ...\232\344\271\211MybatisPlusGenerator.html" |  837 +++
 java/index.html                               |   25 +
 ...\344\271\240\350\256\260\345\275\225.html" |   25 +
 ...\344\273\244\350\256\260\345\275\225.html" |   25 +
 .../kakfa\345\256\236\350\267\265.html"       |  329 ++
 ...\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.html" |   25 +
 ...44\270\255\351\227\264\344\273\266MQ.html" |   83 +
 ...\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210.html" |  167 +
 ...\345\206\263\345\212\236\346\263\225.html" |   25 +
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 ...\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.html" |  153 +
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 ...\345\267\245\345\205\267\347\261\273.html" |  155 +
 .../Canal\351\203\250\347\275\262.html"       |   25 +
 linux/applications/Clash.html                 |  683 +++
 .../FFmpeg\347\233\270\345\205\263.html"      |   25 +
 linux/applications/Grafana.html               |   59 +
 ...\255\344\275\277\347\224\250selenium.html" |   61 +
 .../Nginx\351\205\215\347\275\256.html"       |  103 +
 linux/applications/iptables.html              |   35 +
 ...\351\230\266\347\224\250\346\263\225.html" |   37 +
 .../ArchLinux\345\256\211\350\243\205.html"   |  105 +
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 ...\345\260\204\351\205\215\347\275\256.html" |   27 +
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 ...6\216\247\345\210\266\344\271\213ACL.html" |   25 +
 linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html                  |   59 +
 ...\345\277\253\346\215\267\351\224\256.html" |   25 +
 ...\345\242\231\345\221\275\344\273\244.html" |   29 +
 ...\346\234\272\347\216\257\345\242\203.html" |  513 ++
 ...253\345\220\215(ln\343\200\201alias).html" |   25 +
 ...\347\240\201\347\231\273\345\275\225.html" |   41 +
 ...\344\275\234\347\233\270\345\205\263.html" |   29 +
 linux/index.html                              |   25 +
 logo.png                                      |  Bin 0 -> 104890 bytes
 ...\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.html" |  775 +++
 ...\345\217\221\347\274\226\347\250\213.html" | 1047 ++++
 ...\345\231\250\346\267\261\345\205\245.html" |  501 ++
 ...\347\253\231\347\210\254\345\217\226.html" |  253 +
 ...\275bilibili\350\247\206\351\242\221.html" |  157 +
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 ...\346\236\266\345\205\245\351\227\250.html" |  305 +
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 ...\351\227\250\350\247\206\351\242\221.html" |  175 +
 ...\344\271\246\347\210\254\350\231\253.html" |   25 +
 ...\346\213\237\347\231\273\345\275\225.html" |  271 +
 python/index.html                             |   25 +
 ...\345\256\232\346\226\207\344\273\266.html" |   67 +
 ...\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.html" |  383 ++
 python/others/youtube-upload.html             |  405 ++
 ...\346\215\256\345\244\204\347\220\206.html" |   55 +
 ...\347\275\256\345\274\200\345\205\263.html" |   53 +
 ...\346\226\260\346\225\260\346\215\256.html" |  219 +
 .../web/Django\345\205\245\351\227\250.html"  |  135 +
 .../web/pymysql\344\275\277\347\224\250.html" |  137 +
 tinker/index.html                             |   25 +
 ...\347\275\221\347\251\277\351\200\217.html" |  113 +
 ...\345\217\212\351\205\215\347\275\256.html" |   47 +
 .../openwrt\345\274\200\345\220\257ipv6.html" |   25 +
 ...\350\275\275\345\205\245\351\227\250.html" |   25 +
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 ...\347\275\221\346\234\215\345\212\241.html" |   81 +
 ...0home server\346\220\255\345\273\272.html" | 1315 +++++
 ...\345\205\250\345\205\263\346\234\272.html" |   79 +
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 ...\346\237\245\345\244\204\347\220\206.html" |   25 +
 ...\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.html" |   25 +
 ...50PVE\345\256\211\350\243\205truenas.html" |   37 +
 468 files changed, 73330 insertions(+)
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diff --git a/404.html b/404.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bdaaae8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/404.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
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+  <head>
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+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
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data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_designpattern_%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="策略模式的具体实现" tabindex="-1">策略模式的具体实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#策略模式的具体实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;策略模式的具体实现&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>开发中经常有这样一种场景，一个接口需要处理的请求中的内容包含多种不同的类型。比如支付系统，订单支付的时候可能是支付宝支付，微信支付或者银联支付等。又或者是订单系统，订单可能是普通订单，可能是团购订单，也可能是秒杀订单。前阵子做的一个预览Office文件的功能也与之类似，文件的类型不同，也需要采取不同的处理方案。这时候最简单的做法就是在controller中写n多个if else：</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ( </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;excel&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file.getType)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">（</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;word&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()）{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} ……</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ( </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;excel&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file.getType)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">（</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;word&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()）{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} ……</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果后面再加其他的类型，那就继续加if else语句，这样代码就会变的很丑陋，而且每次都需要对controller代码进行修改，后续的扩展很麻烦。所以这种情况通常会采用策略模式来进行处理，这样我们的代码会变得更加优雅，方便后续的维护。</p><h2 id="策略模式" tabindex="-1">策略模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#策略模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;策略模式&quot;">​</a></h2><p>策略模式是一种行为模式，主要作用是在程序运行时动态切换一个类的行为或者算法。我们需要做的就是创建一个定义行为的Strategy接口以及它的具体策略实现类，以及一个策略的上下文来动态切换策略。 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//af2fdc38698c458f9b06d8fbf6c89e65.png" alt="无标题.png"></p><p>下面将介绍具体的实现方案，以订单系统为例</p><p><strong>环境搭建</strong></p><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">parent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-parent&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;2.1.4.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">parent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.projectlombok&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;lombok&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1.18.6&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-web&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;2.1.4.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.apache.commons&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;commons-lang3&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;3.8.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">parent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-parent&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;2.1.4.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">parent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.projectlombok&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;lombok&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1.18.6&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-web&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;2.1.4.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.apache.commons&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;commons-lang3&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;3.8.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>订单实体类</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String code;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BigDecimal price;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 1: 普通订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 2: 秒杀订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 3: 团购订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String type;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Order</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String code;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BigDecimal price;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 1: 普通订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 2: 秒杀订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 3: 团购订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String type;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>抽象策略接口</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order </span><span style="color:#E36209;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>策略具体实现</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NormalHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;普通订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GroupHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;团购订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SecKillHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;秒杀订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NormalHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order </span><span style="color:#E36209;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;普通订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GroupHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order </span><span style="color:#E36209;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;团购订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SecKillHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order </span><span style="color:#E36209;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;秒杀订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>SpringUtils</strong></p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">@Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">public class SpringUtils implements ApplicationContextAware {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        SpringUtils.applicationContext = applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    //获取applicationContext</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    private static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    //通过name获取 Bean.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    public static Object getBean(String name){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    //通过class获取Bean.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    public static &lt;T&gt; T getBean(Class&lt;T&gt; clazz){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    //通过name,以及Clazz返回指定的Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    public static &lt;T&gt; T getBean(String name,Class&lt;T&gt; clazz){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name, clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">@Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">public class SpringUtils implements ApplicationContextAware {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        SpringUtils.applicationContext = applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    //获取applicationContext</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    private static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    //通过name获取 Bean.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    public static Object getBean(String name){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    //通过class获取Bean.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    public static &lt;T&gt; T getBean(Class&lt;T&gt; clazz){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    //通过name,以及Clazz返回指定的Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    public static &lt;T&gt; T getBean(String name,Class&lt;T&gt; clazz){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name, clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="第一种实现" tabindex="-1">第一种实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一种实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一种实现&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以采取配置的方式，将不同类型和对应的handler的bean name配置在配置文件或者是数据库中，这样我们在context中可以直接获取配置文件中的bean name或者去数据库中查询，然后从spring容器中获取对应的bean并调用处理方法即可。</p><p>以将映射关系持久化到数据库为例，我们需要建一张表来维护类型和具体处理器之间的关系 字段为type和对应处理器的bean名称</p><p><strong>controller</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequestMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/api/order&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderController</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IOrderService orderService;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">GetMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/{type}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">PathVariable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> orderService.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequestMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/api/order&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderController</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IOrderService orderService;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">GetMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/{type}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PathVariable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> orderService.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>service</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IOrderService</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OrderStrategyContext context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IOrderService</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OrderStrategyContext context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>context</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StrategyMapper mapper;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String beanName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mapper.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBeanName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SpringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(beanName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StrategyMapper mapper;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String beanName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mapper.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBeanName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SpringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(beanName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="第二种实现" tabindex="-1">第二种实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二种实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第二种实现&quot;">​</a></h2><p>第一种方案相较于无尽的if else已经好很多了，但是还是需要增加配置文件或者数据库中新建表来维护类型和对应处理器的映射关系。还可以直接自定义注解来实现这个关系的对应。</p><p><strong>自定义注解HandlerType</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({ElementType.TYPE})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Retention</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Documented</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Inherited</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({ElementType.TYPE})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Retention</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Documented</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Inherited</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>然后在每个具体策略类上加上注解</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NormalHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;普通订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NormalHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;普通订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GroupHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;团购订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GroupHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;团购订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SecKillHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;秒杀订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SecKillHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;秒杀订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>策略上下文context修改为</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; handlerMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">handlerMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handlerMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlerMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Class clazz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (clazz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;not found handler for type :&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (OrderStrategy) SpringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; handlerMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">handlerMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handlerMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlerMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Class clazz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (clazz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;not found handler for type :&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (OrderStrategy) SpringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>自定义注解后，我们需要将注解的value和对应策略类的bean_name放到上下文的handlerMap中，并将策略上下文对象注册到spring容器里，需要一个处理类<strong>HandlerProcessor</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HandlerProcessor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BeanFactoryPostProcessor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String HANDLE_PACKAGE </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.test.handler&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">postProcessBeanFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">beanFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; map </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ClassScaner.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HANDLE_PACKAGE, HandlerType.class).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(clazz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//获取注解中对应的类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> clazz.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAnnotation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HandlerType.class).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注解的类型值作为key,对应的类作为value,存储在map中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            map.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type,clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化HandlerContext,注册到Spring容器中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        OrderStrategyContext context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(map);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        beanFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">registerSingleton</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(OrderStrategyContext.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(),context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HandlerProcessor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BeanFactoryPostProcessor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String HANDLE_PACKAGE </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.test.handler&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">postProcessBeanFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory </span><span style="color:#E36209;">beanFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; map </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ClassScaner.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HANDLE_PACKAGE, HandlerType.class).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(clazz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//获取注解中对应的类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> clazz.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAnnotation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HandlerType.class).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注解的类型值作为key,对应的类作为value,存储在map中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            map.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type,clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化HandlerContext,注册到Spring容器中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        OrderStrategyContext context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(map);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        beanFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">registerSingleton</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(OrderStrategyContext.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(),context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>ClassScaner</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ClassScaner</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ResourceLoaderAware</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; includeFilters </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkedList&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; excludeFilters </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkedList&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ResourcePatternResolver resourcePatternResolver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CachingMetadataReaderFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.resourcePatternResolver);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">SafeVarargs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">basePackages</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Annotation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;... </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">annotations</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ClassScaner cs </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ClassScaner</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ArrayUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(annotations)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Class anno </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> annotations) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                cs.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addIncludeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AnnotationTypeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(anno));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; classes </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashSet&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (String s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> basePackages) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            classes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addAll</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cs.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doScan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> classes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">SafeVarargs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">basePackages</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Annotation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;... </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">annotations</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ClassScaner.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tokenizeToStringArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(basePackages, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\t\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), annotations);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ResourceLoader </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getResourceLoader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.resourcePatternResolver;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setResourceLoader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ResourceLoader </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resourceLoader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.resourcePatternResolver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ResourcePatternUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getResourcePatternResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resourceLoader);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.metadataReaderFactory </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CachingMetadataReaderFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                resourceLoader);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addIncludeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TypeFilter </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">includeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(includeFilter);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addExcludeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TypeFilter </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">excludeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, excludeFilter);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resetFilters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">useDefaultFilters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doScan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">basePackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; classes </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashSet&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String packageSearchPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ResourcePatternResolver.CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.util.ClassUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">convertClassNameToResourcePath</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(SystemPropertyUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolvePlaceholders</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(basePackage))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**/*.class&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Resource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] resources </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.resourcePatternResolver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getResources</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(packageSearchPath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> resources.length; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Resource resource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> resources[i];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (resource.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isReadable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    MetadataReader metadataReader </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.metadataReaderFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMetadataReader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">matches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(metadataReader)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            classes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(metadataReader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getClassMetadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getClassName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ClassNotFoundException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BeanDefinitionStoreException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;I/O failure during classpath scanning&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> classes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">matches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(MetadataReader </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">metadataReader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IOException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (TypeFilter tf </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.excludeFilters) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (tf.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(metadataReader, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.metadataReaderFactory)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (TypeFilter tf </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.includeFilters) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (tf.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(metadataReader, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.metadataReaderFactory)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ClassScaner</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ResourceLoaderAware</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; includeFilters </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkedList&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; excludeFilters </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkedList&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ResourcePatternResolver resourcePatternResolver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CachingMetadataReaderFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.resourcePatternResolver);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SafeVarargs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">basePackages</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Annotation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;... </span><span style="color:#E36209;">annotations</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ClassScaner cs </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ClassScaner</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ArrayUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(annotations)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Class anno </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> annotations) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                cs.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addIncludeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AnnotationTypeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(anno));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; classes </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashSet&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (String s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> basePackages) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            classes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addAll</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cs.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doScan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> classes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SafeVarargs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">basePackages</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Annotation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;... </span><span style="color:#E36209;">annotations</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ClassScaner.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tokenizeToStringArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(basePackages, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\t\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), annotations);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ResourceLoader </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getResourceLoader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.resourcePatternResolver;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setResourceLoader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ResourceLoader </span><span style="color:#E36209;">resourceLoader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.resourcePatternResolver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ResourcePatternUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getResourcePatternResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resourceLoader);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.metadataReaderFactory </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CachingMetadataReaderFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                resourceLoader);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addIncludeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TypeFilter </span><span style="color:#E36209;">includeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(includeFilter);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addExcludeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TypeFilter </span><span style="color:#E36209;">excludeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, excludeFilter);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resetFilters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">useDefaultFilters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doScan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">basePackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; classes </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashSet&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String packageSearchPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ResourcePatternResolver.CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.util.ClassUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">convertClassNameToResourcePath</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(SystemPropertyUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolvePlaceholders</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(basePackage))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**/*.class&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Resource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] resources </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.resourcePatternResolver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getResources</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(packageSearchPath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> resources.length; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Resource resource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> resources[i];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (resource.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isReadable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    MetadataReader metadataReader </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.metadataReaderFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMetadataReader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">matches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(metadataReader)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            classes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(metadataReader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getClassMetadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getClassName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ClassNotFoundException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BeanDefinitionStoreException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;I/O failure during classpath scanning&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> classes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">matches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(MetadataReader </span><span style="color:#E36209;">metadataReader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IOException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (TypeFilter tf </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.excludeFilters) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (tf.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(metadataReader, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.metadataReaderFactory)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (TypeFilter tf </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.includeFilters) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (tf.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(metadataReader, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.metadataReaderFactory)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="第三种方案" tabindex="-1">第三种方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三种方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第三种方案&quot;">​</a></h2><p>扫描指定的包还是很麻烦,还可以直接使用ioc容器来直接进行操作 将OrderStrategyContext进行修改,不再需要processor类</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ApplicationContextAware</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CommandLineRunner</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; handlerMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getInstance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Object obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;handler not found for type : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OrderStrategy) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (OrderStrategy) obj;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;handler not found for type : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ApplicationContext context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ApplicationContext </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">applicationContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String... </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">loadBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">loadBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; beansWithAnnotation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBeansWithAnnotation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HandlerType.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        beansWithAnnotation.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((handlerBeanName,handlerBean)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; clazz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlerBean.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            HandlerType annotation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> clazz.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAnnotation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HandlerType.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String annotationValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> annotation.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(annotationValue,handlerBean);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ApplicationContextAware</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CommandLineRunner</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; handlerMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getInstance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Object obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;handler not found for type : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OrderStrategy) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (OrderStrategy) obj;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;handler not found for type : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ApplicationContext context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ApplicationContext </span><span style="color:#E36209;">applicationContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String... </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">loadBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">loadBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; beansWithAnnotation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBeansWithAnnotation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HandlerType.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        beansWithAnnotation.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((handlerBeanName,handlerBean)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; clazz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlerBean.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            HandlerType annotation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> clazz.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAnnotation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HandlerType.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String annotationValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> annotation.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(annotationValue,handlerBean);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="启动项目并测试" tabindex="-1">启动项目并测试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动项目并测试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动项目并测试&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//61b52319c085408ba7b261894ae7faae.jpg" alt="1.jpg"><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//53af0b1422c84116a55475ddf9ff7168.jpg" alt="3.jpg"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/designpattern/策略模式的具体实现.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>macos开机自动执行脚本</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>责任链模式</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/actions/designpattern/\350\264\243\344\273\273\351\223\276\346\250\241\345\274\217.html" "b/actions/designpattern/\350\264\243\344\273\273\351\223\276\346\250\241\345\274\217.html"
new file mode 100644
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+++ "b/actions/designpattern/\350\264\243\344\273\273\351\223\276\346\250\241\345\274\217.html"
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
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class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_designpattern_%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="责任链模式" tabindex="-1">责任链模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#责任链模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;责任链模式&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>根据不同的订单结算金额规则配置，来计算出每一条订单商品的结算金额，每条规则都有自己的匹配条件，匹配上的则应用该条规则所配置的结算金额计算公式。客户可以配置多条不同的规则，组成一条规则链。每条订单商品记录按规则的顺序依次进行条件匹配，如果匹配上则停止，匹配不上继续，直至规则链结束，没有匹配则使用默认规则进行兜底。</p><h2 id="责任链模式-1" tabindex="-1">责任链模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#责任链模式-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;责任链模式&quot;">​</a></h2><p>责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）是一种软件设计模式，它可以让多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免了请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。在责任链模式中，每个对象都有其对应的处理请求的方法，如果一个对象不能够处理该请求，那么它会将这个请求传递给下一个对象来处理，直到找到能够处理该请求的对象为止。</p><p>责任链模式通常由以下几个角色组成：</p><ol><li>抽象处理者（Handler）：定义了处理请求的接口，同时也可以实现一些公共的处理逻辑；</li><li>具体处理者（Concrete Handler）：继承自抽象处理者，实现了具体的处理方法，如果能够处理该请求，则处理请求；否则将请求转发给下一个处理者；</li><li>客户端（Client）：创建请求对象，并将请求对象传递给第一个处理者；</li><li>请求对象（Request）：封装了需要处理的数据和请求类型等信息。</li></ol><p>责任链模式的优点在于它能够降低系统的耦合度，增强系统的可扩展性和灵活性。同时，由于责任链模式中的处理者之间是松散耦合的，因此可以方便地增加或删除处理者，而不会影响到其他部分的功能。</p><h2 id="实现" tabindex="-1">实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现&quot;">​</a></h2><p>上述需求，其实就是典型的责任链模式的应用场景。而责任链模式一般有两种实现：指针和集合的方式。</p><p>指针模式是最常见的责任链模式实现方式之一。在这种模式下，每个处理对象都持有一个指向下一个处理对象的引用，形成一个链表。当请求到达一个处理对象时，如果该对象无法处理该请求，则将请求传递给链表中的下一个对象，直到找到能够处理该请求的对象为止。</p><p>集合模式是另一种责任链模式实现方式。与指针模式不同的是，集合模式下，所有的处理对象被封装在一个集合中，每个对象都具有相同的处理机会。当请求到达集合时，集合中的每个对象都有机会去处理请求，直到有一个对象成功地处理了请求或者所有对象都无法处理该请求为止。</p><h3 id="责任链" tabindex="-1">责任链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#责任链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;责任链&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">abstract</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HandlerChain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Rule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHandlers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">handlers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handlers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandlers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(T </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (CollUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlers)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlers) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">handler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(t)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (CollUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlers)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            handlers.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">abstract</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HandlerChain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Rule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHandlers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">handlers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handlers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandlers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(T </span><span style="color:#E36209;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (CollUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlers)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlers) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">handler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(t)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (CollUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlers)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            handlers.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="处理器" tabindex="-1">处理器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#处理器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;处理器&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">abstract</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Handler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Rule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CommonDynamicParam param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> R rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">abstract</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(T </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CommonDynamicParam </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getParam</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setParam</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CommonDynamicParam </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">param</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.param </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> R </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getRule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setRule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(R </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rule </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.param </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rule.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSettlementCondition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), CommonDynamicParam.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">abstract</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Handler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Rule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CommonDynamicParam param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> R rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">abstract</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(T </span><span style="color:#E36209;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CommonDynamicParam </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getParam</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setParam</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CommonDynamicParam </span><span style="color:#E36209;">param</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.param </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> R </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getRule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setRule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(R </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rule </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.param </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rule.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSettlementCondition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), CommonDynamicParam.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="大致流程" tabindex="-1">大致流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#大致流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;大致流程&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>实现具体的Handler处理器逻辑（handle）</p></li><li><p>初始化处理器集合<code>List&lt;Handler&gt;</code>,并交给责任链对象HandlerChain管理</p></li><li><p>调用责任链的handle方法处理对象</p></li></ol></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/designpattern/责任链模式.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>策略模式的具体实现</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>linux设置macOS时间机器server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/tools/book-searcher%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%A6%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>book-searcher电子书镜像</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/tools/Sketch.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Sketch</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>环境</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/Windows%E4%B8%8BDocker%20Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Windows下Docker Desktop安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/git%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AEsocks5%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3github%E4%B8%8Adown%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%85%A2%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/mysql%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%8A%A5%E9%94%99%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>mysql启动报错排查及处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macOS%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macOS开启终端的代理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/git%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%9Assh-key%20&amp;&amp;%20Gitee%20%E5%92%8C%20Github%20%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2vue%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section 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class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div 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class="header-anchor" href="#windows下docker-desktop安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Windows下Docker Desktop安装&quot;">​</a></h1><ol><li><p>官网下载安装包Docker Desktop Installer.exe</p></li><li><p>运行安装并重启</p></li><li><p>提示WSL2的linux内核安装不完整,点击链接跟随教程操作</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210427020640967.png" alt="image-20210427020640967"></p></li><li><p>执行指引中的命令</p><ul><li>步骤 1 - 启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统<code>dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart</code></li><li>步骤 2 - 检查运行 WSL 2 的要求，不同架构的系统版本要求不同</li><li>步骤 3 - 启用虚拟机功能，前提是开启虚拟化，如何开启虚拟化不再赘述<code>dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart</code></li><li>步骤 4 - 下载 Linux 内核更新包，地址：<a href="https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi</a></li><li>步骤 5 - 将 WSL 2 设置为默认版本<code>wsl --set-default-version 2</code></li><li>步骤 6 - 安装所选的 Linux 分发，官方提供的方案是在微软商店中下载，因为网络原因很难实现，采取手动下载或命令行下载，参考地址<code>https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/install-manual</code>，下载完成后cd到下载的目录，执行<code>Add-AppxPackage .\filename</code>即可 <ul><li>查看所有安装的分发版本<code>wsl --list --all</code></li><li>卸载指定的分发版本<code>wsl --unregister &lt;DistributionName&gt;</code></li></ul></li><li>打开已安装的分发版本，在安装后会提示创建linux账户和密码</li></ul></li></ol></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/env/Windows下Docker Desktop安装.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path 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new file mode 100644
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class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_env_docker+jenkins+gitee%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2vue%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="docker-jenkins-gitee自动化部署vue项目" tabindex="-1">docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目 <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-jenkins-gitee自动化部署vue项目" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目&quot;">​</a></h1><p>之前<a href="https://blog.storyxc.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">个人博客</a>一直用的travisCI部署在github page上，但是偶尔会抽风无法访问。之前一直偷懒没部署jenkins，手动部署到云服务器又比较麻烦，打包上传很浪费时间，这次就直接动手一步到位，在自己服务器上部署下jekins。</p><h2 id="docker启动jenkins" tabindex="-1">docker启动jenkins <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker启动jenkins" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker启动jenkins&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>启动容器</li></ul><p>最开始用的jenkins中文社区的镜像发现有个很恶心的问题，jenkins版本比较低而且安装了NodeJS插件后在全局工具配置中配置NodeJS安装环境时无法选择版本，所以还是官方镜像比较靠谱。</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拉取官方镜像</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">lts:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pulling</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins/jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4c25b3090c26:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">750d566fdd60:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2718cc36ca02:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">5678b027ee14:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">c839cd2df78d:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">50861a5addda:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ff2b028e5cf5:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ee710b58f452:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2625c929bb0e:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">6a6bf9181c04:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bee5e6792ac4:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">6cc5edd2133e:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">c07b16426ded:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">e9ac42647ae3:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">fa925738a490:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4a08c3886279:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2d43fec22b7e:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Digest:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sha256:a942c30fc3bcf269a1c32ba27eb4a470148eff9aba086911320031a3c3943e6c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Status:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Downloaded</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">newer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker.io/jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 启动jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-dp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8099</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:8080</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/story/dist:/story/dist</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/jenkins_data:/var/jenkins_home</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=&quot;Asia/Shanghai&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 参数说明 --name 指定容器名为jenkins -d 后台启动 -p 将容器的8080端口映射到宿主机的8099端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -v 挂载宿主机目录 宿主机和容器的目录会同步 -u 指定用户为root 这里是必须的 不然后续操作文件系统会报无权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 挂载时区的目录是因为镜像中的linux系统默认时区非北京时间，会导致时间显示不正确</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拉取官方镜像</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lts:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pulling</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins/jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4c25b3090c26:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">750d566fdd60:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2718cc36ca02:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">5678b027ee14:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">c839cd2df78d:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">50861a5addda:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ff2b028e5cf5:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ee710b58f452:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2625c929bb0e:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">6a6bf9181c04:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bee5e6792ac4:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">6cc5edd2133e:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">c07b16426ded:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">e9ac42647ae3:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fa925738a490:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4a08c3886279:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2d43fec22b7e:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Digest:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sha256:a942c30fc3bcf269a1c32ba27eb4a470148eff9aba086911320031a3c3943e6c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Status:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Downloaded</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">newer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker.io/jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 启动jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-dp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8099</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:8080</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/story/dist:/story/dist</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/jenkins_data:/var/jenkins_home</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=&quot;Asia/Shanghai&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 参数说明 --name 指定容器名为jenkins -d 后台启动 -p 将容器的8080端口映射到宿主机的8099端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -v 挂载宿主机目录 宿主机和容器的目录会同步 -u 指定用户为root 这里是必须的 不然后续操作文件系统会报无权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 挂载时区的目录是因为镜像中的linux系统默认时区非北京时间，会导致时间显示不正确</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>启动后直接访问本机8099端口：<code>http://localhost:8099/</code>（我这里是本地测试，实际请替换成自己的服务器地址）</li></ul><h2 id="apt安装" tabindex="-1">apt安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#apt安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;apt安装&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io-2023.key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tee</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/null</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-c</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;echo &quot;deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc] https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/&quot; &gt; /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Jenkins requires Java 11 or 17 since Jenkins 2.357 and LTS 2.361.1. </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">openjdk-17-jdk</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io-2023.key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tee</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/null</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-c</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;echo &quot;deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc] https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/&quot; &gt; /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Jenkins requires Java 11 or 17 since Jenkins 2.357 and LTS 2.361.1. </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">openjdk-17-jdk</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914101747191.png" alt="image-20210914101747191"></p><ul><li>进到容器中查询下密码</li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-it</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/bin/bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exec</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-it</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/bin/bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword</span></span></code></pre></div><p>或者直接在上面挂载的目录查询但要改一下路径</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/jenkins_data/secrets/initialAdminPassword</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/jenkins_data/secrets/initialAdminPassword</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>使用密码登录后直接安装推荐插件即可</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914102028448.png" alt="image-20210914102028448"></p><ul><li>等待安装完成</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914102652130.png" alt="image-20210914102652130"></p><ul><li>新建账户</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914102716607.png" alt="image-20210914102716607"></p><ul><li><p>实例配置</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914102906576.png" alt="image-20210914102906576"></p></li><li><p>完成</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914102924807.png" alt=""></p></li></ul><h2 id="jenkins配置自动部署" tabindex="-1">jenkins配置自动部署 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jenkins配置自动部署" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jenkins配置自动部署&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="安装node和gitee插件" tabindex="-1">安装node和gitee插件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装node和gitee插件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装node和gitee插件&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Manage Jenkins ---&gt; Manage Plugins ---&gt; 可选插件分别搜索gitee和nodejs <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914111457469.png" alt="image-20210914111457469"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914111526455.png" alt="image-20210914111526455"></p><p>选择install without restart</p><p>安装完毕后返回工作台</p><h3 id="配置node环境" tabindex="-1">配置node环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置node环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置node环境&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Manage Jenkins ---&gt; Global Tool Configuration ---&gt; NodeJS</p><p>新增NodeJS取别名后保存即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914111718160.png" alt="image-20210914111718160"></p><h2 id="新建自动部署任务" tabindex="-1">新建自动部署任务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新建自动部署任务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新建自动部署任务&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="新建任务" tabindex="-1">新建任务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新建任务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新建任务&quot;">​</a></h3><p>工作台点击新建Item，输入任务名称后选择freestyle project确定</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914111819597.png" alt="image-20210914111819597"></p><h3 id="配置gitee相关内容" tabindex="-1">配置gitee相关内容 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置gitee相关内容" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置gitee相关内容&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="源码管理" tabindex="-1">源码管理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#源码管理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;源码管理&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>添加gitee仓库地址，指定要打包的分支</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914112017978.png" alt="image-20210914112017978"></p><h4 id="构建触发器" tabindex="-1">构建触发器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构建触发器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构建触发器&quot;">​</a></h4><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914112740392.png" alt="image-20210914112740392"></p><ul><li>生成webhook密码</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914112804397.png" alt="image-20210914112804397"></p><ul><li><p>去gitee仓库中配置webhook内容</p><p>仓库的管理tab页添加webhook</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914112946461.png" alt="image-20210914112946461"></p></li></ul><p>url和webhook密码分别填写后保存</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914113229679.png" alt="image-20210914113229679"></p><p>在这个页面点击测试，如果看到xxx has been accepted即为成功。</p><h4 id="构建环境" tabindex="-1">构建环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构建环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构建环境&quot;">​</a></h4><p>选择前面已经配置好的node环境即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914113502188.png" alt="image-20210914113502188"></p><h4 id="构建" tabindex="-1">构建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构建" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构建&quot;">​</a></h4><p>首先在任务面板中点击立即构建，这样才会生成工作空间</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914114129450.png" alt="image-20210914114129450"></p><p>我这里选择执行shell</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914113546293.png" alt="image-20210914113546293"></p><p>然后就是写个简单的脚本执行打包，替换的工作</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914113643970.png" alt="image-20210914113643970"></p><p><strong>第一步cd进入的目录是当前任务的工作空间，这里要把vuepress替换成自己的任务名称即可</strong></p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>这里涉及到文件系统操作的内容rm cp等命令需要root用户才能执行，所以在启动docker容器的时候必须使用-u root参数指定root用户，否则打包会失败，操作文件时会提示无权限</p></div><p>配置完毕保存即可</p><h2 id="测试" tabindex="-1">测试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#测试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;测试&quot;">​</a></h2><p>点击立即构建或者往gitee仓库推送一次更新即可触发构建任务，然后等待构建完成即可。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914114542885.png" alt="image-20210914114542885"></p><p>如果是第一次执行构建，jenkins还会自动安装解压nodejs。</p><p>通过脚本替换完打包好的dist后，通过nginx配置部署静态项目即可。</p><h2 id="jenkins打包跨平台docker镜像并推送镜像仓库" tabindex="-1">jenkins打包跨平台docker镜像并推送镜像仓库 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jenkins打包跨平台docker镜像并推送镜像仓库" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jenkins打包跨平台docker镜像并推送镜像仓库&quot;">​</a></h2><p>这里是用宿主机直接安装的jenkins</p><ul><li><p>把jenkins用户添加到docker组中然后重启jenkins：<code>sudo usermod -aG docker jenkins</code></p><blockquote><p>getent group groupname 查看组中有哪些用户</p></blockquote></li><li><p>shell</p></li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/lib/jenkins/workspace/xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">node</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">npm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">npm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">npm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkinsbuilder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Dockerfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Dockerfile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">// doSomething</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">login</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xxx.com</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--username=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--password==</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--platform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linux/amd64,linux/arm64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xxx/xxx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--push</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/lib/jenkins/workspace/xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">node</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">npm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">npm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">npm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">create</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--use</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkinsbuilder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Dockerfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Dockerfile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">// doSomething</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">login</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xxx.com</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--username=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--password==</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--platform</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linux/amd64,linux/arm64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xxx/xxx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--push</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/env/git%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%9Assh-key%20&amp;&amp;%20Gitee%20%E5%92%8C%20Github%20%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>使用github actions进行持续部署</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题" tabindex="-1">git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http.proxy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;socks5://127.0.0.1:10880&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https.proxy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;socks5://127.0.0.1:10880&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 取消代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--unset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http.proxy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--unset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https.proxy</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http.proxy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;socks5://127.0.0.1:10880&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https.proxy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;socks5://127.0.0.1:10880&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 取消代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--unset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http.proxy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--unset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https.proxy</span></span></code></pre></div><p>端口号根据自己本地的代理端口填写</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/env/git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/env/Windows%E4%B8%8BDocker%20Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Windows下Docker Desktop安装</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/env/mysql%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%8A%A5%E9%94%99%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>mysql启动报错排查及处理</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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diff --git "a/actions/env/git\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\244\232ssh-key && Gitee \345\222\214 Github \345\220\214\346\255\245\346\233\264\346\226\260.html" "b/actions/env/git\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\244\232ssh-key && Gitee \345\222\214 Github \345\220\214\346\255\245\346\233\264\346\226\260.html"
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class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_env_git%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%9Assh-key%20&amp;&amp;%20Gitee%20%E5%92%8C%20Github%20%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="git配置多ssh-key-gitee-和-github-同步更新" tabindex="-1">git配置多ssh-key &amp;&amp; Gitee 和 Github 同步更新 <a class="header-anchor" href="#git配置多ssh-key-gitee-和-github-同步更新" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;git配置多ssh-key &amp;&amp; Gitee 和 Github 同步更新&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="配置多ssh-key" tabindex="-1">配置多ssh-key <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置多ssh-key" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置多ssh-key&quot;">​</a></h2><p>gitee或者gitlab账号和个人git账号同时在一台机器上使用时，可以为不同git服务器设置不同的ssh-key</p><ol><li><p>生成一个个人github的ssh-key</p><p><code>ssh-keygen -t rsa -C &#39;xxxxx@163.com&#39; -f ~/.ssh/github_id_rsa</code></p></li><li><p>生成一个gitee的ssh-key</p><p><code>ssh-keygen -t rsa -C &#39;xxxxx@company.cn&#39; -f ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa</code></p></li><li><p>在<code>~/.ssh</code>下新建config文件<code>vim ~/.ssh/config</code>，添加以下内容</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># gitee</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Host gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">HostName gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">PreferredAuthentications publickey</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">IdentityFile ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># github</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Host github.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">HostName github.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">PreferredAuthentications publickey</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github_id_rsa</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># gitee</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Host gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">HostName gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">PreferredAuthentications publickey</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">IdentityFile ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># github</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Host github.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">HostName github.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">PreferredAuthentications publickey</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github_id_rsa</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>分别在gitee和github中添加前两步生成的对应地址的公钥</p></li><li><p>ssh命令测试</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ssh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git@gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ssh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git@github.com</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ssh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git@gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ssh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git@github.com</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ol><p>如果看到 hi xxx！。。。内容则证明配置成功</p><h2 id="gitee-和-github-同步更新" tabindex="-1">Gitee 和 Github 同步更新 <a class="header-anchor" href="#gitee-和-github-同步更新" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Gitee 和 Github 同步更新&quot;">​</a></h2><p>假设我们有一个项目同时在github和gitee上都有仓库，当直接使用<code>git clone</code>命令拉取的代码默认remote为origin，如果要分别更新，我们要分别在两个本地仓库中push。这时我们可以给本地仓库添加多个origin，然后更新的时候分别推送即可实现一个本地仓库分别推送两个不同的远程仓库。</p><ol><li><p>删除原有的remote地址</p><p><code>git remote remove origin</code></p></li><li><p>添加新的远程仓库地址（gitee）</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remote</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">远程仓库名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">远程仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">eg:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remote</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gitee</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git@gitee.com:xxx/xxx.git</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remote</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">远程仓库名</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">远程仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">eg:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remote</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gitee</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git@gitee.com:xxx/xxx.git</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>添加新的远程仓库地址（github）</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remote</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">远程仓库名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">远程仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">eg:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remote</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">github</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git@github.com:xxx/xxx.git</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remote</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">远程仓库名</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">远程仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">eg:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remote</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">github</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git@github.com:xxx/xxx.git</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再次查看<code>git remote</code>:</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210913184204396.png" alt="image-20210913184204396"></p></li><li><p>推送的时候<code>git push 远程仓库名</code>即可</p></li></ol><h3 id="修改配置文件一次推送多个仓库" tabindex="-1">修改配置文件一次推送多个仓库 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改配置文件一次推送多个仓库" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改配置文件一次推送多个仓库&quot;">​</a></h3><p>修改仓库下.git/config文件，新增内容</p><div class="language-sh vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sh</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[remote </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;all&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">repo1.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">repo2.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">repo3.git</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[remote </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;all&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">repo1.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">repo2.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">repo3.git</span></span></code></pre></div><p>直接<code>git push all</code></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/env/git配置多ssh-key &amp;&amp; Gitee 和 Github 同步更新.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/env/macOS%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>macOS开启终端的代理</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2vue%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_env_macOS%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="macos开启终端的代理" tabindex="-1">macOS开启终端的代理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#macos开启终端的代理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;macOS开启终端的代理&quot;">​</a></h1><p>例如要走socks5的代理</p><ul><li>直接在终端运行</li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> https_proxy</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> https_proxy</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这样配置只对当前终端有效，不会影响其他</p><ul><li>修改终端配置文件 例如.zshrc</li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> http_proxy</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> https_proxy</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> http_proxy</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> https_proxy</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span></code></pre></div><p>修改后保存，然后<code>source ~/.zshrc</code>立即成效。重启终端后即可全局代理。</p><p>也可以通过alias建立个别名，这样可以快速开启代理，编辑.zshrc 添加</p><p><code>alias proxy_on=&#39;export https_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:10880&#39;</code></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/env/macOS开启终端的代理.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/env/mysql%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%8A%A5%E9%94%99%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>mysql启动报错排查及处理</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/env/git%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%9Assh-key%20&amp;&amp;%20Gitee%20%E5%92%8C%20Github%20%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_env_macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="macos开机自动执行脚本" tabindex="-1">macos开机自动执行脚本 <a class="header-anchor" href="#macos开机自动执行脚本" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;macos开机自动执行脚本&quot;">​</a></h1><p>linux开机启动可以用systemd很方便的实现，mac上稍微复杂一些，需要自己写个.plist文件</p><h2 id="简介" tabindex="-1">简介 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简介" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简介&quot;">​</a></h2><p>launchd 是 Mac OS 下用于初始化系统环境的关键进程，它是内核装载成功之后在 OS 环境下启动的第一个进程，可以用来控制服务的自动启动或者关闭。</p><p>它的作用就是我们平时说的守护进程，简单来说，用户守护进程是作为系统的一部分运行在后台的非图形化程序。</p><p>采用这种方式来配置自启动项很简单，只需要一个 plist 文件，该文件存在的目录有：</p><p>用户登陆前 LaunchDaemons：</p><p>~/Library/LaunchDaemons</p><p>用户登录后 LaunchAgents：</p><p>~/Library/LaunchAgents</p><h2 id="脚本" tabindex="-1">脚本 <a class="header-anchor" href="#脚本" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;脚本&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">xml</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> 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+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#F97583;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">plist</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> PUBLIC &quot;-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN&quot;&quot;http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plist</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;KeepAlive&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;SuccessfulExit&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;Label&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
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+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;ProgramArguments&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;/Users/story/project/widget/frp/frpc&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;-c&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;/Users/story/project/widget/frp/frpc.ini&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;RunAtLoad&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plist</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#22863A;">xml</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">plist</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> PUBLIC &quot;-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN&quot;&quot;http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plist</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;KeepAlive&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;SuccessfulExit&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;Label&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;com.storyxc.frpc&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;ProgramArguments&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">array</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;/Users/story/project/widget/frp/frpc&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;-c&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;/Users/story/project/widget/frp/frpc.ini&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">array</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;RunAtLoad&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plist</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>将脚本命名为frpc.plist，然后移动到<code>~/Library/LaunchAgents/</code>下</p><h2 id="载入plist文件" tabindex="-1">载入plist文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#载入plist文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;载入plist文件&quot;">​</a></h2><p>启动服务：</p><p><code>launchctl [load|enable|bootstrap] -w plist_path</code></p><p>卸载服务：</p><p><code>launchctl [unload|disable|bootout] -w plist_path</code></p><h2 id="设置别名" tabindex="-1">设置别名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置别名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置别名&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-zsh vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">zsh</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># frpc启动、停止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alias</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">frpc.start=&#39;launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/frpc.plist&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alias</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">frpc.stop=&#39;launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/frpc.plist&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># frpc启动、停止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">alias</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">frpc.start=&#39;launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/frpc.plist&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">alias</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">frpc.stop=&#39;launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/frpc.plist&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/env/macos开机自动执行脚本.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>使用github actions进行持续部署</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>策略模式的具体实现</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>linux设置macOS时间机器server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/tools/book-searcher%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%A6%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>book-searcher电子书镜像</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/tools/Sketch.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Sketch</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>环境</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/Windows%E4%B8%8BDocker%20Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Windows下Docker Desktop安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b 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class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section 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class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_env_mysql%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%8A%A5%E9%94%99%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="mysql启动报错排查及处理" tabindex="-1">mysql启动报错排查及处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mysql启动报错排查及处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;mysql启动报错排查及处理&quot;">​</a></h1><p>今天访问我自己的老博客（www.storyxc.com ）发现网站挂掉了，ssh上去看了一下nginx和我自己的java后台博客服务都挂掉了，可能是阿里云抽风服务器重启了。然后重启了nignx和服务访问了一下，查询一直在pending，再去看后台日志，发现获取不到连接，估计是mysql也挂了。</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisSystemException: nested exception is org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### Error querying database.  Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Failed to obtain JDBC Connection; nested exception is com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.Communi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">cationsException: Communications link failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### The error may exist in class path resource [mapper/ArticleDao.xml]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### The error may involve com.storyxc.mapper.ArticleDao.queryHotArticle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### The error occurred while executing a query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Failed to obtain JDBC Connection; nested exception is com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.CommunicationsException: Communic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">ations link failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(MyBatisExceptionTranslator.java:77) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate$SqlSessionInterceptor.invoke(SqlSessionTemplate.java:446) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy61.selectList(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate.selectList(SqlSessionTemplate.java:230) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.executeForMany(MapperMethod.java:137) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.execute(MapperMethod.java:75) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperProxy.invoke(MapperProxy.java:59) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy82.queryHotArticle(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl.queryHotArticle(ArticleServiceImpl.java:113) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$edb0e759.invoke(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218) ~[spring-core-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:684) ~[spring-aop-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$5695fd69.queryHotArticle(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController.queryHotArticle(ArticleController.java:73) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$954e681b.invoke(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218) ~[spring-core-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:684) ~[spring-aop-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$7f3f634c.queryHotArticle(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisSystemException: nested exception is org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### Error querying database.  Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Failed to obtain JDBC Connection; nested exception is com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.Communi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">cationsException: Communications link failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### The error may exist in class path resource [mapper/ArticleDao.xml]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### The error may involve com.storyxc.mapper.ArticleDao.queryHotArticle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### The error occurred while executing a query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Failed to obtain JDBC Connection; nested exception is com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.CommunicationsException: Communic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">ations link failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(MyBatisExceptionTranslator.java:77) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate$SqlSessionInterceptor.invoke(SqlSessionTemplate.java:446) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy61.selectList(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate.selectList(SqlSessionTemplate.java:230) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.executeForMany(MapperMethod.java:137) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.execute(MapperMethod.java:75) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperProxy.invoke(MapperProxy.java:59) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy82.queryHotArticle(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl.queryHotArticle(ArticleServiceImpl.java:113) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$edb0e759.invoke(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218) ~[spring-core-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:684) ~[spring-aop-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$5695fd69.queryHotArticle(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController.queryHotArticle(ArticleController.java:73) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$954e681b.invoke(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218) ~[spring-core-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:684) ~[spring-aop-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$7f3f634c.queryHotArticle(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>然后尝试重启mysql：<code>service mysql start</code></p><p>直接报错：<code>Starting MySQL...The server quit without updating PID file [FAILED]b/mysql/iz2ze09hymnzdn4lgmltlmz.pid).</code></p><p>但就这样的报错没法排查，试图看下mysql的错误日志：<code>less /var/log/mysql/error.log</code>结果没有，</p><p>这才想起来当时没给mysql配置错误日志路径。</p><p>给mysql配置错误文件的路径：vim /etc/my.cnf</p><p>在[mysqld]下面加一行：<code>log_error=/var/log/mysql/error.log</code> ，然后创建/var/log/mysql这个目录</p><p>再次启动，依旧报错，但这次我们可以去看错误日志了。继续 <code>less /var/log/mysql/error.log</code></p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">210627 00:34:02 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] Plugin &#39;FEDERATED&#39; is disabled.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">InnoDB: mmap(136019968 bytes) failed; errno 12</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] InnoDB: Cannot allocate memory for the buffer pool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Plugin &#39;InnoDB&#39; init function returned error.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Plugin &#39;InnoDB&#39; registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Aborting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] Binlog end</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">210627 00:34:02 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] Plugin &#39;FEDERATED&#39; is disabled.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">InnoDB: mmap(136019968 bytes) failed; errno 12</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] InnoDB: Cannot allocate memory for the buffer pool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Plugin &#39;InnoDB&#39; init function returned error.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Plugin &#39;InnoDB&#39; registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Aborting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] Binlog end</span></span></code></pre></div><p>查看内存情况：<code>free -h</code>，由于我买的是阿里云的轻量级应用服务器-穷逼版，只有2G内存</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">total</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">used</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">free</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">shared</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buff/cache</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">available</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mem:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">           </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.8</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">G</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.2</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">G</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">245</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">323</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">268</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Swap:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">           </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">B</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">total</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">used</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">free</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#032F62;">shared</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buff/cache</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">available</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mem:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">           </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.8</span><span style="color:#032F62;">G</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.2</span><span style="color:#032F62;">G</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">245</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">323</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">268</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Swap:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">           </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">B</span></span></code></pre></div><p>swap为0，执行命令建立临时分区</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">dd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">if=/dev/zero</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of=/swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bs=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">count=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">128</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">//创建一个swap文件，大小为128M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkswap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">//将swap文件变为swap分区文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">swapon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">//将其映射为swap分区</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">if=/dev/zero</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of=/swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bs=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">count=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">128</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">//创建一个swap文件，大小为128M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkswap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">                              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">//将swap文件变为swap分区文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">swapon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">                              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">//将其映射为swap分区</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再次查看内存：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">total</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">used</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">free</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">shared</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buff/cache</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">available</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mem:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">           </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.8</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">G</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.3</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">G</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">82</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">463</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">236</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Swap:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">127</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">127</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">total</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">used</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">free</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#032F62;">shared</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buff/cache</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">available</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mem:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">           </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.8</span><span style="color:#032F62;">G</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.3</span><span style="color:#032F62;">G</span><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">82</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">463</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">236</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Swap:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">127</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">127</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span></span></code></pre></div><p>swap分区已存在，执行命令使系统重启swap分区自动加载：vim /etc/fstab</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">defaults</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">defaults</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再次启动 还是他喵不行，执行命令查看下当前内存占用大户。</p><p><code>ps -eo pid,ppid,%mem,%cpu,cmd --sort=-%mem | head</code></p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PID</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PPID</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">%MEM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">%CPU</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CMD</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">19872</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">14.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45.7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./phpupdate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">20228</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">14.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45.7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/phpupdate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">9372</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">java</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-jar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">storyxc.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">27880</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/opt/openoffice4/program/soffice.bin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-headless</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-accept=socket,host=127.0.0.1,port=8100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">urp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-nofirststartwizard</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">13389</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/bin/dockerd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-H</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">fd://</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">23244</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">21287</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4.7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./networkmanager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">13322</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/bin/containerd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">489</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">455</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CmsGoAgent-Worker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">19905</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./phpguard</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PID</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PPID</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">%MEM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">%CPU</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CMD</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">19872</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">14.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45.7</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./phpupdate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">20228</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">14.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45.7</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/phpupdate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">9372</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">java</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-jar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">storyxc.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">27880</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/opt/openoffice4/program/soffice.bin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-headless</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-accept=socket,host=127.0.0.1,port=8100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">urp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-nofirststartwizard</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">13389</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/bin/dockerd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-H</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">fd://</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">23244</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">21287</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4.7</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./networkmanager</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">13322</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/bin/containerd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">489</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">455</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CmsGoAgent-Worker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">19905</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./phpguard</span></span></code></pre></div><p>好家伙，从哪冒出来的phpupdate 直接全杀掉，世界瞬间清净了，腾出来600M的内存,</p><p>再次启动mysql，成功，问题解决。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/env/mysql启动报错排查及处理.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/env/git%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AEsocks5%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3github%E4%B8%8Adown%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%85%A2%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/env/macOS%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>macOS开启终端的代理</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_env_%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="使用github-actions进行持续部署" tabindex="-1">使用github actions进行持续部署 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用github-actions进行持续部署" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用github actions进行持续部署&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>Github Actions官方文档<a href="https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#name" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#name</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="github-actions是什么" tabindex="-1">Github Actions是什么 <a class="header-anchor" href="#github-actions是什么" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Github Actions是什么&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Github推出的持续集成工具</p><h2 id="使用" tabindex="-1">使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="配置" tabindex="-1">配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Github Actions的配置文件叫做workflow文件，需要存放在repo根路径下的<code>./github/workflows</code>目录中。workflow文件使用<code>yaml</code>格式编写，文件名可以自定义，后缀统一为<code>yml</code>，一个repo中可以有多个workflow，Github只要发现<code>./github/workflows</code>目录中有<code>.yml</code>文件就会自动运行。</p><p>本博客的workflow文件：</p><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 自定义当前执行文件的名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vuepress</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 整个流程在main分支发生push事件时触发</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">branches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">build-and-deploy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">runs-on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 运行在ubuntu-latest环境的虚拟机中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">strategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">matrix</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:              </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 矩阵</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">node-version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">10.x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">steps</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 每个 job 由多个 step 构成，它会从上至下依次执行。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取仓库源码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Checkout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">uses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># github actions提供了一些官方的action，例如checkout @v2是action的版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装node</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义好的node版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">uses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-node@v1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 作用：安装nodejs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">node-version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">${{ matrix.node-version }}</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义好的node版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 构建和部署</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Deploy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">env</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 环境变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">GITHUB_TOKEN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.vuepress_actions_access_token }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">npm install &amp;&amp; npm run deploy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># npm run deploy需要在package.json中定义&quot;deploy: bash deploy.sh&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 自定义当前执行文件的名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vuepress</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 整个流程在main分支发生push事件时触发</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">branches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">jobs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">build-and-deploy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">runs-on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ubuntu-latest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 运行在ubuntu-latest环境的虚拟机中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">strategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">matrix</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:              </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 矩阵</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">node-version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">10.x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">steps</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 每个 job 由多个 step 构成，它会从上至下依次执行。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取仓库源码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Checkout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">uses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">actions/checkout@v2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># github actions提供了一些官方的action，例如checkout @v2是action的版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装node</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义好的node版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">uses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">actions/setup-node@v1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 作用：安装nodejs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">node-version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">${{ matrix.node-version }}</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义好的node版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 构建和部署</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Deploy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">env</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 环境变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">GITHUB_TOKEN</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">${{ secrets.vuepress_actions_access_token }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">npm install &amp;&amp; npm run deploy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># npm run deploy需要在package.json中定义&quot;deploy: bash deploy.sh&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>steps:</p><ul><li>checkout源码到workflow中</li><li>安装指定版本的node环境</li><li>从仓库的设置中读取配置好的access_token，安装依赖，执行项目中的deploy.sh脚本</li></ul><h3 id="配置access-token" tabindex="-1">配置access_token <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置access-token" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置access_token&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>在github个人设置页面找到开发者设置</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421224529199.png" alt="image-20220421224529199"></p><ol start="2"><li>选择个人access tokens，选择生成新token</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421224739995.png" alt="image-20220421224739995"></p><ol start="3"><li>将生成好的token保存，关闭页面后将不会再显示此token，然后回到仓库保存</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421224939828.png" alt="repo"></p><h3 id="deploy-sh" tabindex="-1">Deploy.sh <a class="header-anchor" href="#deploy-sh" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Deploy.sh&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/usr/bin/env sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确保脚本抛出遇到的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成静态文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">npm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 进入生成的文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docs/.vuepress/dist</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果是发布到自定义域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;blog.storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CNAME</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-z</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;${</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">GITHUB_TOKEN</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;GITHUB_TOKEN is not set&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  msg</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;github actions自动部署&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  githubUrl</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://storyxc:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">${GITHUB_TOKEN}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">@github.com/storyxc/vuepress.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">user.name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">user.email</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc@163.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">init</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">commit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;${</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">msg</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $githubUrl </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">master:gh-pages</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">-</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/usr/bin/env sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确保脚本抛出遇到的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成静态文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">npm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 进入生成的文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docs/.vuepress/dist</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果是发布到自定义域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;blog.storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CNAME</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-z</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;${</span><span style="color:#24292E;">GITHUB_TOKEN</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;GITHUB_TOKEN is not set&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  msg</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;github actions自动部署&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  githubUrl</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://storyxc:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">${GITHUB_TOKEN}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">@github.com/storyxc/vuepress.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">user.name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">user.email</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc@163.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">init</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">commit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;${</span><span style="color:#24292E;">msg</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $githubUrl </span><span style="color:#032F62;">master:gh-pages</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">-</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>这里我是用了github pages发布，然后配置了自定义域名，这个域名要在服务商域名解析配置CNAME，然后在仓库的page页面添加自定义域名即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421230458141.png" alt="image-20220421230458141"></p></blockquote><h2 id="流程梳理" tabindex="-1">流程梳理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程梳理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程梳理&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>配置workflow，推送代码到触发job的分支</li><li>github actions会根据workflow中的配置拉代码，打包，然后调用deploy.sh，将生成的静态文件推送到gh-page分支</li><li>gh-page分支配置github page，自定义域名</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/env/使用github actions进行持续部署.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2vue%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>macos开机自动执行脚本</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_tools_Markdown%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="markdown基础语法" tabindex="-1">Markdown基础语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#markdown基础语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Markdown基础语法&quot;">​</a></h1><p>Markdown 是一种轻量级标记语言，它允许人们使用易读易写的纯文本格式编写文档。</p><p>Markdown 语言在 2004 由约翰·格鲁伯（英语：John Gruber）创建。</p><p>Markdown 编写的文档可以导出 HTML 、Word、图像、PDF、Epub 等多种格式的文档。</p><p>Markdown 编写的文档后缀为 .md, .markdown。</p><h2 id="一、标题" tabindex="-1">一、标题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#一、标题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;一、标题&quot;">​</a></h2><p>示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># 一级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## 二级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### 三级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">#### 四级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">##### 五级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">###### 六级标题</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># 一级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## 二级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### 三级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">#### 四级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">##### 五级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">###### 六级标题</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="二、字体" tabindex="-1">二、字体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#二、字体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;二、字体&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>加粗 要加粗的文字左右分别用两个*号包起来</p></li><li><p>斜体 要倾斜的文字左右分别用一个*号包起来</p></li><li><p>斜体加粗 要倾斜和加粗的文字左右分别用三个*号包起来</p></li><li><p>删除线 要加删除线的文字左右分别用两个~~号包起来</p></li></ul><p>示例：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">**这是加粗的文字**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">*这是倾斜的文字*`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">***这是斜体加粗的文字***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">~~这是加删除线的文字~~</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">**这是加粗的文字**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">*这是倾斜的文字*`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">***这是斜体加粗的文字***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">~~这是加删除线的文字~~</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果: <strong>这是加粗的文字</strong><em>这是倾斜的文字</em>` <em><strong>这是斜体加粗的文字</strong></em><s>这是加删除线的文字</s></p><h2 id="三、引用" tabindex="-1">三、引用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#三、引用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;三、引用&quot;">​</a></h2><p>只需要在你希望引用的文字前面加上 <code>&gt;</code> 就好，例如：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果如下:</p><blockquote><p>这是一条引用</p></blockquote><p>引用还可以进行多级嵌套</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">&gt;&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">&gt;&gt;&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">&gt;&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">&gt;&gt;&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果:</p><blockquote><p>这是一条引用</p><blockquote><p>这是一条引用</p><blockquote><p>这是一条引用</p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><h2 id="四、分割线" tabindex="-1">四、分割线 <a class="header-anchor" href="#四、分割线" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;四、分割线&quot;">​</a></h2><p>三个或者三个以上的 - 或者 * 都可以。</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">----</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">*****</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">----</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">*****</span></span></code></pre></div><hr><hr><hr><hr><h2 id="五、图片" tabindex="-1">五、图片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#五、图片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;五、图片&quot;">​</a></h2><p>语法:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">![图片alt](图片地址 &#39;&#39;图片title&#39;&#39;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">图片alt就是显示在图片下面的文字，相当于对图片内容的解释。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">图片title是图片的标题，当鼠标移到图片上时显示的内容。title可加可不加</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">![图片alt](图片地址 &#39;&#39;图片title&#39;&#39;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">图片alt就是显示在图片下面的文字，相当于对图片内容的解释。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">图片title是图片的标题，当鼠标移到图片上时显示的内容。title可加可不加</span></span></code></pre></div><p>示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">![示例图片alt](http://io.storyxc.com/images/MegellanicCloud_ZH-CN5132305226_1920x1080.jpg &#39;示例图片title&#39;)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">![示例图片alt](http://io.storyxc.com/images/MegellanicCloud_ZH-CN5132305226_1920x1080.jpg &#39;示例图片title&#39;)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果: <img src="http://io.storyxc.com/images/MegellanicCloud_ZH-CN5132305226_1920x1080.jpg" alt="示例图片alt" title="示例图片title"></p><h2 id="六、超链接" tabindex="-1">六、超链接 <a class="header-anchor" href="#六、超链接" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;六、超链接&quot;">​</a></h2><p>语法:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">[超链接名](超链接地址 &quot;超链接title&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">title可加可不加</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">[超链接名](超链接地址 &quot;超链接title&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">title可加可不加</span></span></code></pre></div><p>示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">[故事的博客](https://www.storyxc.com &quot;故事的博客&quot;)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">[故事的博客](https://www.storyxc.com &quot;故事的博客&quot;)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果 <a href="https://www.storyxc.com" title="故事的博客" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">故事的博客</a></p><h2 id="七、列表" tabindex="-1">七、列表 <a class="header-anchor" href="#七、列表" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;七、列表&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>无序列表</strong> 语法： 无序列表用 - + * 任何一种都可以 示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- 列表1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">+ 列表2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">* 列表3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- 列表1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">+ 列表2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">* 列表3</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果</p><ul><li>列表1</li></ul><ul><li>列表2</li></ul><ul><li>列表3</li></ul><p><strong>有序列表</strong> 语法： 数字加点 示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">1. 111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2. 222</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">3. 333</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">1. 111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2. 222</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">3. 333</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果:</p><ol><li>111</li><li>222</li><li>333</li></ol><p><strong>列表嵌套</strong></p><p>上一级和下一级之间tab即可</p><ul><li>第一层 <ul><li>第二层 <ul><li>第三层</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="八、表格" tabindex="-1">八、表格 <a class="header-anchor" href="#八、表格" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;八、表格&quot;">​</a></h2><p>语法:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">表头|表头|表头</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">---|:--:|---:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">内容|内容|内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">内容|内容|内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">第二行分割表头和内容。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- 有一个就行，为了对齐，多加了几个</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">文字默认居左</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">-两边加：表示文字居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">-右边加：表示文字居右</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">注：原生的语法两边都要用 | 包起来。此处省略</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">姓名|技能|排行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">--|:--:|--:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">刘备|哭|大哥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">关羽|打|二哥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">张飞|骂|三弟</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">表头|表头|表头</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">---|:--:|---:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">内容|内容|内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">内容|内容|内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">第二行分割表头和内容。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- 有一个就行，为了对齐，多加了几个</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">文字默认居左</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">-两边加：表示文字居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">-右边加：表示文字居右</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">注：原生的语法两边都要用 | 包起来。此处省略</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">姓名|技能|排行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">--|:--:|--:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">刘备|哭|大哥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">关羽|打|二哥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">张飞|骂|三弟</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果:</p><table><thead><tr><th>姓名</th><th style="text-align:center;">技能</th><th style="text-align:right;">排行</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>刘备</td><td style="text-align:center;">哭</td><td style="text-align:right;">大哥</td></tr><tr><td>关羽</td><td style="text-align:center;">打</td><td style="text-align:right;">二哥</td></tr><tr><td>张飞</td><td style="text-align:center;">骂</td><td style="text-align:right;">三弟</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="九、代码块" tabindex="-1">九、代码块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#九、代码块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;九、代码块&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>单行代码：代码之间分别用一个反引号包起来</li></ul><p>示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">`这是一行代码`</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">`这是一行代码`</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果: <code>这是一行代码</code></p><ul><li>代码块 语法: <strong>使用时把括号去掉</strong></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">(```)语言名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">(```)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">(```)语言名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">(```)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>示例:以java为例</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">(```)java</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	public class HelloWorld{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">		public static void main(Stringargs[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">			System.out.println(&quot;Hello World!&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">(```)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">(```)java</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	public class HelloWorld{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">		public static void main(Stringargs[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">			System.out.println(&quot;Hello World!&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">(```)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HelloWorld</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HelloWorld</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/tools/Markdown基础语法.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/tools/git%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>git命令整理</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/tools/Typora%E3%80%81PicGo%E3%80%81%E4%B8%83%E7%89%9B%E4%BA%91%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0markdown%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0%E5%9B%BE%E5%BA%8A.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/actions/env/macOS%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macOS开启终端的代理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/git%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%9Assh-key%20&amp;&amp;%20Gitee%20%E5%92%8C%20Github%20%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2vue%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_tools_Sketch" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="sketch" tabindex="-1">Sketch <a class="header-anchor" href="#sketch" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Sketch&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="快捷键" tabindex="-1">快捷键 <a class="header-anchor" href="#快捷键" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;快捷键&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="画布" tabindex="-1">画布 <a class="header-anchor" href="#画布" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;画布&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>参考线<code>ctrl+R</code></li><li>缩放<code>z</code>/<code>option+z</code></li><li>拖动画布<code>space</code></li><li>锁定图层<code>cmd+shift+l</code></li><li>包含框选<code>选择拖动+option</code></li></ul><h3 id="形状工具" tabindex="-1">形状工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#形状工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;形状工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>矩形<code>R</code></p></li><li><p>椭圆<code>O</code></p></li><li><p>圆角矩形<code>U</code>：也可以使用矩形，然后拖动四角的点实现</p></li><li><p>直线<code>L</code></p></li><li><p>形状选中后在边角点位处按住<code>cmd</code>可以旋转</p></li><li><p>双击形状进入编辑模式，可以编辑形状，鼠标点击边框线可增加锚点进行调整</p></li><li><p>选中按住<code>option</code>拖动可以直接复制、<code>cmd+d</code>可以重复复制动作进行等距复制</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>以上工具可以按住<code>option</code>使用扩散的绘制效果</p></blockquote><h3 id="样式工具" tabindex="-1">样式工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#样式工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;样式工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>f</code>切换填充</li><li><code>b</code>切换边框</li><li><code>ctrl+c</code>吸色工具</li></ul><h3 id="矢量工具" tabindex="-1">矢量工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#矢量工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;矢量工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>v</code>钢笔</li><li><code>p</code>铅笔</li></ul><h3 id="文字工具" tabindex="-1">文字工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文字工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文字工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>t+点</code>文本</li><li><code>t+框选</code>段落文本</li></ul><h3 id="画板" tabindex="-1">画板 <a class="header-anchor" href="#画板" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;画板&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>a</code>创建画板</li></ul><h3 id="切片工具" tabindex="-1">切片工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切片工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切片工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>s</code>切片</li></ul><h3 id="编辑工具" tabindex="-1">编辑工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#编辑工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编辑工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>ctrl+cmd+m</code>蒙版工具</p></li><li><p><code>cmd+k</code>缩放工具</p></li><li><p><code>cmd+option+o</code>轮廓</p></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/tools/Sketch.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/tools/book-searcher%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%A6%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>book-searcher电子书镜像</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" 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diff --git "a/actions/tools/Typora\343\200\201PicGo\343\200\201\344\270\203\347\211\233\344\272\221\345\256\236\347\216\260markdown\345\233\276\347\211\207\350\207\252\345\212\250\344\270\212\344\274\240\345\233\276\345\272\212.html" "b/actions/tools/Typora\343\200\201PicGo\343\200\201\344\270\203\347\211\233\344\272\221\345\256\236\347\216\260markdown\345\233\276\347\211\207\350\207\252\345\212\250\344\270\212\344\274\240\345\233\276\345\272\212.html"
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data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_tools_Typora%E3%80%81PicGo%E3%80%81%E4%B8%83%E7%89%9B%E4%BA%91%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0markdown%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0%E5%9B%BE%E5%BA%8A" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="typora、picgo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床" tabindex="-1">Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床 <a class="header-anchor" href="#typora、picgo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>由于最近刚把博客迁到VuePress上来，写博客从原来自己博客项目自定义的web端Markdown编辑器换回了原来的<strong>Typora</strong>，这个文本编辑工具虽然很好用，但是在markdown中插入图片的时候就会碰到比较烦的问题，可能随便截了个图放在桌面了，在markdown中引入的话还要先把图片放到vuepress项目的静态资源文件夹里面。原来我自己开发的博客编辑器是通过axios调用后台接口把图片传到七牛云图床上去，现在换了博客框架原来的方案不好使了。之前typora也没有这方面的支持。不过我发现typora更新之后也支持了添加图片后的事件触发。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210410202031986.png" alt="image-20210410202031986"></p><p>选项还是很多样的，为typora点赞。</p><p>这里我还是选择了上传到图床，上传支持PicGo和自定义脚本，本来打算写个python脚本的，后来发现picgo这个应用也很好用，那就直接拿过来用吧。</p><h2 id="配置picgo" tabindex="-1">配置picgo <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置picgo" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置picgo&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="通过gui配置" tabindex="-1">通过gui配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过gui配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过gui配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-下载picgo" tabindex="-1">1.下载picgo <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-下载picgo" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.下载picgo&quot;">​</a></h4><p>点击<a href="https://github.com/Molunerfinn/PicGo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">PicGo</a> 进入仓库下载，这里选择windows版的执行程序，下载之后打开</p><h4 id="_2-申请七牛云账号配置存储空间" tabindex="-1">2.申请七牛云账号配置存储空间 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-申请七牛云账号配置存储空间" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.申请七牛云账号配置存储空间&quot;">​</a></h4><p>没有图床的可以搜一下相关教程，这里不再赘述</p><h4 id="_3-配置图床信息" tabindex="-1">3.配置图床信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-配置图床信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.配置图床信息&quot;">​</a></h4><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210410202814211.png" alt="image-20210410202814211"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210413020009764.png" alt="image-20210413020009764"></p><p>选择七牛云图床、或者自己选择其他图床也许，按照自己情况来。</p><ul><li>七牛云的AccessKey和SecretKey在七牛云的密钥管理界面</li><li>储存空间名就是自己的对象存储里面的具体某个空间名</li><li>访问网址如果你有配自定义的cdn就填cdn，如果没有那就是原生的地址，在空间概览页面，不要忘了加上协议<a href="http://xn--https-wm6jl44o" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://或者https</a>😕/</li><li>存储区域指的是华南华北这些地区对应的编号，具体对应值见下图，比如我是华南，存储区域就填z2</li><li>设置完成后不要忘记点一下设为默认图床，否则默认不会用七牛云的，其他图床同理</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210410203157833.png" alt="image-20210410203157833"></p><h4 id="_4-回到typora测试一下吧" tabindex="-1">4.回到typora测试一下吧 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-回到typora测试一下吧" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.回到typora测试一下吧&quot;">​</a></h4><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210410203327770.png" alt="image-20210410203327770"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210410203412022.png" alt="image-20210410203412022"></p><p>先验证一下，可以看到成功了。这样再在typora中添加图片就可以看到图片会自动上传到你的图床并修改markdown中的地址了。</p><h3 id="通过picgo-core配置" tabindex="-1">通过picgo-core配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过picgo-core配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过picgo-core配置&quot;">​</a></h3><p>npm安装picgo-core：<code>npm install -g picgo</code></p><p>配置uploader：<code>picgo set uploader</code></p><p>使用uploader：<code>picgo use uploader</code></p><blockquote><p>配置文件地址为~/.picgo/config.json，可以手动修改</p></blockquote><p>配置完成后在typora中配置自定义命令上传，命令格式 <code>node_path picgo_path upload</code>例如我的是<code>/opt/homebrew/bin/node /opt/homebrew/bin/picgo upload</code></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220214180934655.png" alt="image-20220214180934655"></p><p>验证上传选项，看到返回图片地址即可</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" 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data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem 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data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_tools_book-searcher%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%A6%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="book-searcher电子书镜像站点" tabindex="-1">book-searcher电子书镜像站点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#book-searcher电子书镜像站点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;book-searcher电子书镜像站点&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>项目地址：<a href="https://github.com/book-searcher-org/book-searcher" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/book-searcher-org/book-searcher</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="docker-compose-yml" tabindex="-1">docker-compose.yml <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-compose-yml" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker-compose.yml&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">book-searcher</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ghcr.io/book-searcher-org/book-searcher:latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">book-searcher</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">always</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;7070:7070&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./index:/index</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">book-searcher</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ghcr.io/book-searcher-org/book-searcher:latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">book-searcher</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">always</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;7070:7070&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./index:/index</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="下载index文件" tabindex="-1">下载index文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载index文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载index文件&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p><a href="https://zh.annas-archive.org/datasets" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://zh.annas-archive.org/datasets</a></p><p><a href="https://onedrive.caomingjun.com/zh-CN/%F0%9F%96%A5%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/zlib-searcher/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://onedrive.caomingjun.com/zh-CN/🖥软件/zlib-searcher/</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="启动容器配置ipfs网关" tabindex="-1">启动容器配置IPFS网关 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动容器配置ipfs网关" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动容器配置IPFS网关&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">https://cloudflare-ipfs.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">https://dweb.link</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">https://ipfs.io</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">https://dw.oho.im</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">https://cloudflare-ipfs.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">https://dweb.link</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">https://ipfs.io</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">https://dw.oho.im</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/tools/book-searcher电子书镜像.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/tools/linux%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEmacOS%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8server.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>linux设置macOS时间机器server</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/tools/Sketch.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Sketch</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem 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data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_tools_git%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="git命令整理" tabindex="-1">git命令整理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#git命令整理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;git命令整理&quot;">​</a></h1><p>版本控制工具一直用的GIT，之前提交代码都是用IDEA集成的GIT可视化工具，命令行几乎不怎么用，由于接下来项目要整合到微服务平台中，项目代码管理也要迁到Gerrit，idea的集成支持不太好，所以整理下GIT的命令，方便后面使用命令行提交代码。 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//18087435-2b52aaf65be47442.jpg" alt="180874352b52aaf65be47442.jpg"></p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Remote:远程仓库</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Reporsitory:本地仓库</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">WorkSpace:工作区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Index:暂存区</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Remote:远程仓库</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Reporsitory:本地仓库</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">WorkSpace:工作区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Index:暂存区</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="撤回修改" tabindex="-1">撤回修改 <a class="header-anchor" href="#撤回修改" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;撤回修改&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><code>git commit --amend</code> :提交完发现漏掉了几个文件没有添加，或者提交信息写错了,此时，可以运行带有 --amend 选项的提交命令来重新提交</p></li><li><p><code>git checkout -- &lt;file&gt;</code> 把<code>readme.txt</code>文件在工作区的修改全部撤销，这里有两种情况：</p><p>一种是<code>readme.txt</code>自修改后还没有被放到暂存区，现在，撤销修改就回到和版本库一模一样的状态；</p><p>一种是<code>readme.txt</code>已经添加到暂存区后，又作了修改，现在，撤销修改就回到添加到暂存区后的状态。</p></li><li><p><code>git reset [--soft | --mixed | --hard] [HEAD]</code></p><ul><li>使用soft只会移动HEAD到上一个版本,可以理解为撤回上一次commit,暂存区和工作区不受影响</li><li>使用mixed在移动HEAD到上一个版本,并且回退暂存区的内容,工作区不受影响</li><li>使用hard,除了移动HEAD指针,取消暂存内容,还会覆盖回退工作区内容,属于比较危险的命令,谨慎使用</li><li>不加括号中的参数 默认参数为mixed, 如果想回退多个版本可以修改为HEAD^^^或HEAD~3代表回退3个版本,依此类推</li></ul></li><li><p>关于<code>git checkout</code>和<code>git reset</code>建议看下这篇文章,<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2/Git-%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7-%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%8F%AD%E5%AF%86#_git_reset" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">git重置</a></p></li></ul><h2 id="切换分支" tabindex="-1">切换分支 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切换分支" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切换分支&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>git checkout branch_name</code></p><p>切换分之前要注意本地分支是否有未commit的文件，如果有可以撤销改动，或者commit，再或者使用git stash将当前分支的改动临时保存起来，使当前分支的工作空间和暂存区变干净。然后再进行切换分支；切换回之前的分支，需要恢复被临时保存的改动</p><h2 id="暂存和恢复本地修改" tabindex="-1">暂存和恢复本地修改 <a class="header-anchor" href="#暂存和恢复本地修改" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;暂存和恢复本地修改&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>git stash -u</code></p><p>恢复本地修改:</p><p>1.先查看有多少个临时保存的改动</p><p><code>git stash list</code></p><p>2.再用<code>git stash apply --index stash@{n}</code>，n为使用git stash list查看到的某个改动的数字</p><p>3.再用<code>git stash drop stash@{n}</code>删除临时保存的改动</p><p>如果只有一个临时的stash，那么可以直接<code>git stash apply</code>即可恢复上次的临时保存记录</p><h2 id="创建本地分支" tabindex="-1">创建本地分支 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建本地分支" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建本地分支&quot;">​</a></h2><p>基于本地master分支创建test分支为例：</p><p>先切换到master分支：<code>git checkout master</code></p><p>建分支： <code>git branch test</code></p><p>切分支：<code>git checkout test</code></p><p>或者</p><p>建分支后切到该分支：<code>git checkout -b test master</code></p><p>以基于某次commit id创建test分支为例：</p><p><code>git checkout -b test 0faceff</code></p><p>其中的0faceff为commit id的前7位</p><p>以基于某个tag创建test分支为例</p><p><code>git checkout -b test v0.1.0</code></p><p>v0.1.0为tag的名称</p><h2 id="查看分支" tabindex="-1">查看分支 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看分支" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看分支&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>git branch</code>: 只显示本地分支名，当前分支名前有星号</p><p><code>git branch -v</code>：显示本地分支名，当前分支前有星号，显示commit id</p><p><code>git branch -vv</code>：显示本地分支名，当前分支名前有星号，显示commit id，显示追踪的远程分支名</p><p><code>git branch -a</code>：显示所有分支名（包括远程分支）</p><p><code>git branch -r</code>：查看远程分支名</p><h2 id="删除本地分支" tabindex="-1">删除本地分支 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除本地分支" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除本地分支&quot;">​</a></h2><p>普通删除：<code>git branch -d branch_name</code></p><p>强制删除（分支上有修改未合并到其他分支）：<code>git branch -D branch_name</code></p><h2 id="更新代码" tabindex="-1">更新代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#更新代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;更新代码&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>git pull</code>或者<code>git fetch</code></p><p><code>git pull -v --progress &quot;origin&quot;</code>命令可以显示更详细的信息，git pull命令会fetch所有的远程分支的信息到本地，同时当前本地分支会被合并。</p><p>如果本地有修改文件，而且远程仓库也修改了该文件，pull会失败，提示本地的修改会被合并覆盖，此时可以commit本地的修改或者stash本地的修改，再pull。</p><h2 id="修改代码" tabindex="-1">修改代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改代码&quot;">​</a></h2><p>首先使用<code>git checkout branch_name</code>切换到正确分支，pull，新建或修改代码，再使用git add 文件名把修改或新增的文件添加到暂存区，再执行commit命令提交到本地仓库。</p><p>其中:</p><p><code>git add 某个文件</code></p><p><code>git add 多个文件</code>（文件名用空格隔开）</p><p><code>git add -u </code>添加所有修改的文件到暂存区</p><p><code>git add .</code>添加所有修改和新增的文件到暂存区</p><p><code>git add -A</code>：添加所有修改，新增和删除的文件到暂存区</p><p><code>git commit 文件名 -m &quot;注释&quot;</code>：commit某个文件</p><p><code>git commit 文件1 文件2 -m &quot;注释&quot;</code> commit多个文件，用空格隔开</p><p><code>git commit -m &quot;注释&quot;</code>commit所有文件</p><p>如果是删除文件，可以使用</p><p><code>rm 文件</code></p><p><code>git add 文件</code></p><p><code>git commit 文件 -m &quot;注释&quot;</code></p><p>如果是重命名文件或者移动文件，可以使用</p><p><code>git mv 源文件路径 目标文件路径</code></p><p><code>git commit 文件 -m &quot;注释&quot;</code></p><ul><li><strong>每次编辑前先进行pull操作，避免再push时产生合并冲突</strong></li></ul><h3 id="push代码带远程仓库" tabindex="-1">push代码带远程仓库 <a class="header-anchor" href="#push代码带远程仓库" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;push代码带远程仓库&quot;">​</a></h3><p>本地代码从本地branch_name分支推到远端branch_name分支：</p><p><code>git checkout branch_name</code></p><p><code>git pull</code></p><p><code>git push origin HEAD:refs/for/branch_name</code></p><p>或者</p><p><code>git checkout branch_name</code></p><p><code>git pull</code></p><p><code>git push origin branch_name:refs/for/branch_name</code></p><h3 id="查看信息" tabindex="-1">查看信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看信息&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong><code>git status</code> 显示有变更的文件</strong></p><p><strong><code>git log</code> 显示当前分支的版本历史</strong></p><p><code>git log --stat</code> 显示commit历史，以及每次commit发生变更的文件</p><p><code>git log -S [keyword] </code>搜索提交历史，根据关键词</p><p><code>git log [tag] HEAD --pretty=format:%s</code> 显示某个commit之后的所有变动，每个commit占据一行</p><p><code>git log [tag] HEAD --grep feature</code> 显示某个commit之后的所有变动，其&quot;提交说明&quot;必须符合搜索条件</p><p><code>git log -p [file] </code>显示指定文件相关的每一次diff</p><p><code>git log -5 --pretty --oneline</code> 显示过去5次提交</p><p><code>git shortlog -sn </code>显示所有提交过的用户，按提交次数排序</p><p><code>git blame [file]</code> 显示指定文件是什么人在什么时间修改过</p><p><strong><code>git diff</code> 显示暂存区和工作区的代码差异</strong></p><p><code>git diff --cached [file]</code> 显示暂存区和上一个commit的差异</p><p><code>git diff HEAD</code> 显示工作区与当前分支最新commit之间的差异</p><p><code>git diff [first-branch]...[second-branch]</code> 显示两次提交之间的差异</p><p><code>git diff --shortstat &quot;@{0 day ago}&quot; </code>显示今天你写了多少行代码</p><p><code>git show [commit]</code> 显示某次提交的元数据和内容变化</p><p><code>git show --name-only [commit] </code>显示某次提交发生变化的文件</p><p><code>git show [commit]:[filename] </code>显示某次提交时，某个文件的内容</p><p><code>git rebase [branch] </code>从本地master拉取代码更新当前分支：branch 一般为master</p><h2 id="fetch-vs-pull" tabindex="-1">fetch vs pull <a class="header-anchor" href="#fetch-vs-pull" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;fetch vs pull&quot;">​</a></h2><p>git fetch是将远程的最新内容拉到本地，用户在检查了以后决定是否合并到本地分支中。 而git pull 则是将远程的最新内容拉下来后直接合并，即：git pull = git fetch + git merge，这样可能会产生冲突，需要手动解决。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" 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href="/actions/env/macOS%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macOS开启终端的代理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/git%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%9Assh-key%20&amp;&amp;%20Gitee%20%E5%92%8C%20Github%20%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2vue%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_tools_iterm2%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88oh-my-zsh%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%AA%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端" tabindex="-1">iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="安装iterm2" tabindex="-1">安装iterm2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装iterm2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装iterm2&quot;">​</a></h2><p>官网下载：<a href="https://iterm2.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://iterm2.com/</a></p><h2 id="安装oh-my-zsh" tabindex="-1">安装oh my zsh <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装oh-my-zsh" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装oh my zsh&quot;">​</a></h2><p>官网：<a href="https://ohmyz.sh/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://ohmyz.sh/</a></p><p>安装脚本：<code>sh -c &quot;$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)&quot;</code></p><p>因为网络原因无法执行这个脚本的可以找gitee上的国内源</p><h2 id="更改iterm2的主题颜色为dracula" tabindex="-1">更改iterm2的主题颜色为dracula <a class="header-anchor" href="#更改iterm2的主题颜色为dracula" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;更改iterm2的主题颜色为dracula&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="在iterm2的dracula主题仓库中下载color文件" tabindex="-1">在iterm2的dracula主题仓库中下载color文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在iterm2的dracula主题仓库中下载color文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在iterm2的dracula主题仓库中下载color文件&quot;">​</a></h3><p>仓库地址：<code> https://github.com/dracula/iterm.git</code></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211119150619779.png" alt="image-20211119150619779"></p><h3 id="打开iterm2导入刚下载的color文件" tabindex="-1">打开iterm2导入刚下载的color文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#打开iterm2导入刚下载的color文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;打开iterm2导入刚下载的color文件&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211119150804269.png" alt="image-20211119150804269"></p><p>如图，导入完之后就可以选择导入的dracula主题颜色</p><h2 id="安装命令高亮插件" tabindex="-1">安装命令高亮插件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装命令高亮插件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装命令高亮插件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="clone代码到本地" tabindex="-1">clone代码到本地 <a class="header-anchor" href="#clone代码到本地" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;clone代码到本地&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting ~/.zsh/zsh-syntax-highlighting</code></p><h3 id="修改-zshrc配置" tabindex="-1">修改.zshrc配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改-zshrc配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改.zshrc配置&quot;">​</a></h3><p>添加配置：<code>source ~/.zsh/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh</code></p><h3 id="效果" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211119151720033.png" alt="image-20211119151720033"></p><h2 id="安装历史指令提示插件" tabindex="-1">安装历史指令提示插件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装历史指令提示插件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装历史指令提示插件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="clone代码到本地-1" tabindex="-1">clone代码到本地 <a class="header-anchor" href="#clone代码到本地-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;clone代码到本地&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ~/.zsh/zsh-autosuggestions</code></p><h3 id="修改-zshrc配置-1" tabindex="-1">修改.zshrc配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改-zshrc配置-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改.zshrc配置&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>source ~/.zsh/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh</code></p><h2 id="powerlevel10k主题" tabindex="-1">powerlevel10k主题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#powerlevel10k主题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;powerlevel10k主题&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k</a></p></blockquote><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">clone</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--depth=1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/powerlevel10k</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;source ~/powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/.zshrc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">p10k</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">configure</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">clone</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--depth=1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/powerlevel10k</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;source ~/powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/.zshrc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">p10k</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">configure</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/tools/iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/tools/Typora%E3%80%81PicGo%E3%80%81%E4%B8%83%E7%89%9B%E4%BA%91%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0markdown%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0%E5%9B%BE%E5%BA%8A.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/tools/powershell%E7%BE%8E%E5%8C%96.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>powershell美化</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/actions/env/macOS%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macOS开启终端的代理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/git%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%9Assh-key%20&amp;&amp;%20Gitee%20%E5%92%8C%20Github%20%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2vue%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div 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class="header-anchor" href="#iterm2配置ssh快速连接" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iterm2配置ssh快速连接&quot;">​</a></h1><p>macos生态的ssh工具有很多，但是试了很多还是感觉很差劲，不如windows生态的mobaxterm和xshell，可惜这两个软件没有mac的版本。不过iterm2作为mac生态下的终端工具代表倒是很简洁方便，但是没有专门的ssh工具那种简易的远程连接配置，需要自己动手折腾一下才可以。</p><h2 id="安装iterm2" tabindex="-1">安装iterm2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装iterm2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装iterm2&quot;">​</a></h2><p>官网下载，不赘述。</p><h2 id="配置profile" tabindex="-1">配置profile <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置profile" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置profile&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li><p><code>command+,</code>打开偏好设置，选择profiles<img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120112843166.png" alt="image-20211120112843166"></p></li><li><p>新建一个profile设置，将command设置从login shell改为command，并输入需要执行的ssh指令</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120113120836.png" alt="image-20211120113120836"></p></li><li><p>切换到advanced选项卡，选择编辑triggers触发器。新增一个触发器，action选择send text，触发的表达式改为<code>root@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx&#39;s password</code>，参数改为登陆账户的密码+<code>\n</code>，这里注意一定要加\n代表输入回车，不然就会卡在输入密码那里需要手动回车才能登陆，然后勾选上instant立即触发。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120113408181.png" alt="image-20211120113408181"></p></li></ol><p>​</p><p>​ <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120114241239.png" alt="image-20211120114241239"></p><p>这里触发器的表达式即是输入ssh命令时，服务器给出的需要输入密码的提示文字，所以想配置什么服务器的触发器直接改个登陆名和服务器地址就可以</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120114556561.png" alt="image-20211120114556561"></p><h2 id="测试" tabindex="-1">测试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#测试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;测试&quot;">​</a></h2><p>配置完毕后，可以根据菜单栏的profiles选项卡，选择需要连接的服务器即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120114848453.png" alt="image-20211120114848453"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120114946181.png" alt="image-20211120114946181"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" 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data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div 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tabindex="-1">linux设置macOS时间机器server <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux设置macos时间机器server" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;linux设置macOS时间机器server&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="安装需要的包" tabindex="-1">安装需要的包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装需要的包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装需要的包&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>sudo apt install netatalk avahi-daemon</code></p><h2 id="编辑netatalk配置文件" tabindex="-1">编辑netatalk配置文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#编辑netatalk配置文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编辑netatalk配置文件&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>sudo vim /etc/netatalk/afp.conf</code></p><h2 id="添加time-machine配置" tabindex="-1">添加Time Machine配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#添加time-machine配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;添加Time Machine配置&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">[Time Machine]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">path = /mnt/data/backup/time_machine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">time machine = yes</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">[Time Machine]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">path = /mnt/data/backup/time_machine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">time machine = yes</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="创建目录" tabindex="-1">创建目录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建目录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建目录&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>sudo mkdir -p /mnt/data/backup/time_machine</code></p><p><code>sudo chown nobody:nogroup /mnt/data/backup/time_machine</code></p><p><code>sudo chmod 777 /mnt/data/backup/time_machine</code></p><h2 id="重启netatalk服务" tabindex="-1">重启netatalk服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#重启netatalk服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重启netatalk服务&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>sudo systemctl restart netatalk</code></p><h2 id="在mac上进行备份" tabindex="-1">在mac上进行备份 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在mac上进行备份" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在mac上进行备份&quot;">​</a></h2><p>时间机器中选择磁盘，连接linux server即可。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/tools/linux设置macOS时间机器server.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/tools/%E5%90%84%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%8B%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4%E6%80%A7.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>各系统下校验文件一致性</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/tools/book-searcher%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%A6%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>book-searcher电子书镜像</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/tools/git%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>git命令整理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/tools/Markdown%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p 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data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_tools_powershell%E7%BE%8E%E5%8C%96" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="powershell美化" tabindex="-1">powershell美化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#powershell美化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;powershell美化&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p><a href="https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="安装windows-terminal和powershell" tabindex="-1">安装windows terminal和powershell <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装windows-terminal和powershell" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装windows terminal和powershell&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/terminal" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/microsoft/terminal</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-windows" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-windows</a></p></li></ul><h2 id="安装oh-my-posh" tabindex="-1">安装oh-my-posh <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装oh-my-posh" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装oh-my-posh&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set-ExecutionPolicy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Bypass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Scope</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Process</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Force</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((New-Object </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">System.Net.WebClient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).DownloadString(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&#39;https://ohmyposh.dev/install.ps1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set-ExecutionPolicy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Bypass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Scope</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Process</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Force</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((New-Object </span><span style="color:#032F62;">System.Net.WebClient</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).DownloadString(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&#39;https://ohmyposh.dev/install.ps1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="安装nerd-fonts" tabindex="-1">安装Nerd Fonts <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装nerd-fonts" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装Nerd Fonts&quot;">​</a></h2><p>如果不安装Nerd Fonts会有乱码情况，oh-my-posh推荐安装<a href="https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v2.1.0/Meslo.zip" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Meslo LGM NF</a>字体，也可以从<a href="https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E3%80%82%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%90%8E%E8%A7%A3%E5%8E%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%88%B0C:%5Cwindows%5CFonts%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9%E4%B8%AD%E3%80%82%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91Windows" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads自行选择下载。下载后解压放到C:\windows\Fonts文件夹中。编辑Windows</a> Terminal默认设置将默认字体改为喜欢的Nerd Fonts。</p><h2 id="编辑profile" tabindex="-1">编辑profile <a class="header-anchor" href="#编辑profile" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编辑profile&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>code $PROFILE</code>或<code>notepad $PROFILE</code></p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">oh-my-posh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">pwsh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 默认主题</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">oh-my-posh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">pwsh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">C:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\U</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sers</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tory</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\A</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ppData</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\L</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ocal</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\P</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rograms</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\o</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">h-my-posh</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\t</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">hemes</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">obbyrussel.omp.json</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># --config可以配置喜欢的主题</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">--config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/main/themes/jandedobbeleer.omp.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 也可以配置远程主题</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">oh-my-posh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">pwsh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 默认主题</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">oh-my-posh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">pwsh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">C:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\U</span><span style="color:#032F62;">sers</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">tory</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\A</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ppData</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\L</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ocal</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\P</span><span style="color:#032F62;">rograms</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\o</span><span style="color:#032F62;">h-my-posh</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\t</span><span style="color:#032F62;">hemes</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">obbyrussel.omp.json</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># --config可以配置喜欢的主题</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">--config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/main/themes/jandedobbeleer.omp.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 也可以配置远程主题</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置预测文本来源为历史记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set-PSReadLineOption</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-PredictionSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">History</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置向上键为后向搜索历史记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">UpArrow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">HistorySearchBackward</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置向下键为前向搜索历史纪录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DownArrow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">HistorySearchForward</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置预测文本来源为历史记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set-PSReadLineOption</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-PredictionSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">History</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置向上键为后向搜索历史记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">UpArrow</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">HistorySearchBackward</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置向下键为前向搜索历史纪录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DownArrow</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">HistorySearchForward</span></span></code></pre></div><p>windows安装后默认的主题文件夹为：<code>C:\Users\[your username]\AppData\Local\Programs\oh-my-posh\themes</code>，也可以通过<code>echo $env:POSH_THEMES_PATH</code>命令查看主题的路径</p><h3 id="挑选喜欢的主题" tabindex="-1">挑选喜欢的主题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#挑选喜欢的主题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;挑选喜欢的主题&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><a href="https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/themes" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/themes</a></li></ul><p>配置立即生效：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">. $PROFILE</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">. $PROFILE</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果图：</p><ul><li><p>默认：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220607011525725.png" alt="image-20220607011525725"></p></li><li><p>jandedobbeleer：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220607011557983.png" alt="image-20220607011557983"></p></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/tools/powershell美化.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/actions/tools/iterm2%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88oh-my-zsh%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%AA%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/actions/tools/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92%E6%8E%A2%E9%92%88%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E7%BE%8E%E5%8C%96.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>哪吒探针页面美化</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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tabindex="-1">各系统下校验文件一致性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#各系统下校验文件一致性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;各系统下校验文件一致性&quot;">​</a></h1><p>之前从网上下软件一直没有校验的习惯，直到从某知名mac破解网站上下了个被人恶意投毒的navicat，本文记录下各系统下校验的操作。内容引用自Apache Kafka官方文档。</p><h2 id="校验哈希值" tabindex="-1">校验哈希值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#校验哈希值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;校验哈希值&quot;">​</a></h2><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;"></th><th style="text-align:center;">Windows</th><th style="text-align:center;">Linux</th><th>Mac</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;">SHA-1 (deprecated)</td><td style="text-align:center;">certUtil -hashfile <em>file</em> SHA1</td><td style="text-align:center;">sha1sum <em>file</em></td><td>shasum -a 1 <em>file</em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">SHA-256</td><td style="text-align:center;">certUtil -hashfile <em>file</em> SHA256</td><td style="text-align:center;">sha256sum <em>file</em></td><td>shasum -a 256 <em>file</em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">SHA-512</td><td style="text-align:center;">certUtil -hashfile <em>file</em> SHA512</td><td style="text-align:center;">sha512sum <em>file</em></td><td>shasum -a 512 <em>file</em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">MD5 (deprecated)</td><td style="text-align:center;">certUtil -hashfile <em>file</em> MD5</td><td style="text-align:center;">md5sum <em>file</em></td><td>md5 <em>file</em></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/actions/tools/各系统下校验文件一致性.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path 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href="/actions/env/macOS%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macOS开启终端的代理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/git%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%9Assh-key%20&amp;&amp;%20Gitee%20%E5%92%8C%20Github%20%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2vue%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8github%20actions%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用github actions进行持续部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/env/macos%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>macos开机自动执行脚本</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>设计模式</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>策略模式的具体实现</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/actions/designpattern/%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>责任链模式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _actions_tools_%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92%E6%8E%A2%E9%92%88%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E7%BE%8E%E5%8C%96" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="哪吒探针页面美化" tabindex="-1">哪吒探针页面美化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#哪吒探针页面美化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;哪吒探针页面美化&quot;">​</a></h1><h3 id="找到容器的文件系统目录" tabindex="-1">找到容器的文件系统目录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#找到容器的文件系统目录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;找到容器的文件系统目录&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">inspect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dashboard-dashboard-1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--format=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{.GraphDriver.Data.MergedDir}}&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">inspect</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dashboard-dashboard-1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--format=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{.GraphDriver.Data.MergedDir}}&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="替换template中的文件" tabindex="-1">替换template中的文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#替换template中的文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;替换template中的文件&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>路径：<code>/var/lib/docker/overlay2/xxxx/merged/dashboard/resource/template</code></p></li><li><p>替换文件<code>common/header.html</code></p><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{define &quot;common/header&quot;}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;{{.Conf.Language}}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;viewport&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ie=edge&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;telephone=no&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;format-detection&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{.Title}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/font-logos/0.17/font-logos.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/bootstrap-icons/1.10.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/semantic-ui-alerts.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/main.css?v2022042314&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;shortcut icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/logo.svg?v20210804&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{define &quot;common/header&quot;}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#22863A;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;{{.Conf.Language}}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;viewport&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ie=edge&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;telephone=no&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;format-detection&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{.Title}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/font-logos/0.17/font-logos.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/bootstrap-icons/1.10.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/semantic-ui-alerts.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/main.css?v2022042314&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;shortcut icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/logo.svg?v20210804&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>替换文件<code>theme-default/home.html</code></p><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{define &quot;theme-default/home&quot;}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{template &quot;common/header&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{if ts .CustomCode}} {{.CustomCode|safe}} {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{template &quot;common/menu&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;nb-container&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui container&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;app&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui styled fluid accordion&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;group in groups&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;active title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dropdown icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          @#(group.Tag!==&#39;&#39;?group.Tag:&#39;{{tr &quot;Default&quot;}}&#39;)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;active content&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui four stackable status cards&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server in group.data&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server.ID&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui card&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server.Host&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;header&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server.Host.CountryCode + &#39; flag&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;nbsp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;server.Host.Platform == &quot;darwin&quot;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;apple icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-else-if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;isWindowsPlatform(server.Host.Platform)&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;windows icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&#39;fl-&#39; + getFontLogoClass(server.Host.Platform)&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  @#server.Name + (server.live?&#39;&#39;:&#39;[{{tr &quot;Offline&quot;}}]&#39;)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;nezha-secondary-font info circle icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;height: 28px&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui content popup&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;margin-bottom: 0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;Platform&quot;}}: @#server.Host.Platform#@-@#server.Host.PlatformVersion#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    [&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">span</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server.Host.Virtualization&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#server.Host.Virtualization#@:&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">span</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#server.Host.Arch#@]&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    CPU: @#server.Host.CPU#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;DiskUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.DiskUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.DiskTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;MemUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.MemUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.MemTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;SwapUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.SwapUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.SwapTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;NetTransfer&quot;}}: &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow alternate circle down outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInTransfer)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow alternate circle up outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutTransfer)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;Load&quot;}}: @# toFixed2(server.State.Load1) #@/@# toFixed2(server.State.Load5) #@/@#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    toFixed2(server.State.Load15) #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;ProcessCount&quot;}}: @# server.State.ProcessCount #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;ConnCount&quot;}}: TCP @# server.State.TcpConnCount #@ / UDP @# server.State.UdpConnCount #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;BootTime&quot;}}: @# formatTimestamp(server.Host.BootTime) #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;LastActive&quot;}}: @# new Date(server.LastActive).toLocaleString() #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;Version&quot;}}: @#server.Host.Version#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui divider&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;margin-bottom: 5px&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;description&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui grid&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;CPU&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU, 100).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bar&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU, 100).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU,100).percent#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;MemUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.MemUsed, server.Host.MemTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.MemUsed, server.Host.MemTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.MemUsed/server.Host.MemTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;SwapUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.SwapUsed, server.Host.SwapTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.SwapUsed, server.Host.SwapTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.SwapUsed/server.Host.SwapTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;DiskUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.DiskUsed, server.Host.DiskTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.DiskUsed, server.Host.DiskTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.DiskUsed/server.Host.DiskTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;NetSpeed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow alternate circle down outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInSpeed)#@/s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow alternate circle up outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutSpeed)#@/s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;流量&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow circle down icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInTransfer)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow circle up icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutTransfer)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;信息&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bi bi-cpu-fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #4a86e8;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; @#getCoreAndGHz(server.Host.CPU)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bi bi-memory&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #00ac0d;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; @#getK2Gb(server.Host.MemTotal)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bi bi-hdd-rack-fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #980000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; @#getK2Gb(server.Host.DiskTotal)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;Uptime&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;clock icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#secondToDate(server.State.Uptime)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#server.Name#@&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;ServerIsOffline&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{template &quot;common/footer&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">initData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{.Servers}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).servers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statusCards </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    el: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    delimiters: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@#&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#@&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      data: initData,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      groups: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      cache: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">created</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mounted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.nezha-secondary-font.info.icon&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        popup: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.ui.content.popup&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        exclusive: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toFixed2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toFixed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isWindowsPlatform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">includes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Windows&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFontLogoClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ([</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;almalinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;alpine&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;aosc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;apple&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;archlinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;archlabs&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;artix&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;budgie&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;centos&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;coreos&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;debian&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;deepin&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;devuan&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;docker&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;elementary&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;fedora&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ferris&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;flathub&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;freebsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;gentoo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;gnu-guix&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;illumos&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;kali-linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;linuxmint&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mageia&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mandriva&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;manjaro&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;nixos&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;openbsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;opensuse&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;pop-os&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;raspberry-pi&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;redhat&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;rocky-linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;sabayon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;slackware&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;snappy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;solus&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ubuntu&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;void&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zorin&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ([</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;openwrt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;linux&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tux&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;amazon&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;redhat&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;arch&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;archlinux&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.groups </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Tag&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatPercent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">live</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">used</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">total</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">percent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> live </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(used </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            class: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              ui: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              progress: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            style: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;transition-duration&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;300ms&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;min-width&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;unset&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              width: percent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;% !important&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            percent,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;slategray&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].class.offline </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">51</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#0a94f2&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].class.fine </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">81</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;orange&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].class.warning </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crimson&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].class.error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">secondToDate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">floor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">24</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; {{tr &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Day</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;}}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> h </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">floor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">24</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> m </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">floor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">floor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> h </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> m).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toLocaleString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatByteSize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">bs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readableBytes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NaN undefined&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;0B&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCoreAndGHz</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GHz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">GHz</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> Physical</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    GHz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GHz</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">GHz.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">GHz[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    Core </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Core.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Core[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;?&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Core </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> Virtual</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	        Core </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Core.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Core[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;?&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Virtual&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Core&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Physical&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Core&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getK2Gb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">bs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          bs </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bs </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ceil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bs.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toFixed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;GB&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">listTipsMouseenter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">strs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tipsNum</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.layerIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> layer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tips</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(strs, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">obj,{tips: [tipsNum, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rgb(0 0 0 / 85%)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],time:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">obj).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">attr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;layerIndex&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.layerIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">listTipsMouseleave</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          layer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.layerIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">field</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> map </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">map[item[field]]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dest.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          [field]: item[field],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          data: [item]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        map[item[field]] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dest.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">dItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (dItem[field] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[field]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            dItem.data.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dest;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> canShowError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">connect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wsProtocol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> window.location.protocol </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;wss&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ws&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebSocket</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(wsProtocol </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;://&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> window.location.host </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/ws&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onopen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">evt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      canShowError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      $.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">suiAlert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        title: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{tr &quot;RealtimeChannelEstablished&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        description: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{tr &quot;GetTheLatestMonitoringDataInRealTime&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        type: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;success&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        time: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        position: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;top-center&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onmessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">evt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">oldServers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statusCards.servers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(evt.data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      statusCards.servers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data.servers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statusCards.servers.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statusCards.servers[i];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ns.Host) ns.live </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lastActive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ns.LastActive).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (data.now </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lastActive </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ns.live </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ns.live </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      statusCards.groups </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(statusCards.servers, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Tag&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onclose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (canShowError) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        canShowError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        $.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">suiAlert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          title: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{tr &quot;RealtimeChannelDisconnect&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          description: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{tr &quot;CanNotGetTheLatestMonitoringDataInRealTime&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          type: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;warning&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          time: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          position: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;top-center&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">connect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onerror</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ws.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">connect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.ui.accordion&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">accordion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({ </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;exclusive&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{define &quot;theme-default/home&quot;}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{template &quot;common/header&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{if ts .CustomCode}} {{.CustomCode|safe}} {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{template &quot;common/menu&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;nb-container&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui container&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;app&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui styled fluid accordion&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;group in groups&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;active title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dropdown icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          @#(group.Tag!==&#39;&#39;?group.Tag:&#39;{{tr &quot;Default&quot;}}&#39;)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;active content&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui four stackable status cards&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server in group.data&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server.ID&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui card&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server.Host&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;header&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server.Host.CountryCode + &#39; flag&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;nbsp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;server.Host.Platform == &quot;darwin&quot;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;apple icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-else-if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;isWindowsPlatform(server.Host.Platform)&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;windows icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&#39;fl-&#39; + getFontLogoClass(server.Host.Platform)&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  @#server.Name + (server.live?&#39;&#39;:&#39;[{{tr &quot;Offline&quot;}}]&#39;)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;nezha-secondary-font info circle icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;height: 28px&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui content popup&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;margin-bottom: 0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;Platform&quot;}}: @#server.Host.Platform#@-@#server.Host.PlatformVersion#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    [&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">span</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server.Host.Virtualization&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#server.Host.Virtualization#@:&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">span</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#server.Host.Arch#@]&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    CPU: @#server.Host.CPU#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;DiskUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.DiskUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.DiskTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;MemUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.MemUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.MemTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;SwapUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.SwapUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.SwapTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;NetTransfer&quot;}}: &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow alternate circle down outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInTransfer)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow alternate circle up outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutTransfer)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;Load&quot;}}: @# toFixed2(server.State.Load1) #@/@# toFixed2(server.State.Load5) #@/@#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    toFixed2(server.State.Load15) #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;ProcessCount&quot;}}: @# server.State.ProcessCount #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;ConnCount&quot;}}: TCP @# server.State.TcpConnCount #@ / UDP @# server.State.UdpConnCount #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;BootTime&quot;}}: @# formatTimestamp(server.Host.BootTime) #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;LastActive&quot;}}: @# new Date(server.LastActive).toLocaleString() #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;Version&quot;}}: @#server.Host.Version#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui divider&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;margin-bottom: 5px&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;description&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui grid&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;CPU&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU, 100).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bar&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU, 100).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU,100).percent#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;MemUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.MemUsed, server.Host.MemTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.MemUsed, server.Host.MemTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.MemUsed/server.Host.MemTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;SwapUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.SwapUsed, server.Host.SwapTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.SwapUsed, server.Host.SwapTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.SwapUsed/server.Host.SwapTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;DiskUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.DiskUsed, server.Host.DiskTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.DiskUsed, server.Host.DiskTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.DiskUsed/server.Host.DiskTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;NetSpeed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow alternate circle down outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInSpeed)#@/s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow alternate circle up outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutSpeed)#@/s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;流量&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow circle down icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInTransfer)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow circle up icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutTransfer)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;信息&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bi bi-cpu-fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #4a86e8;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; @#getCoreAndGHz(server.Host.CPU)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bi bi-memory&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #00ac0d;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; @#getK2Gb(server.Host.MemTotal)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bi bi-hdd-rack-fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #980000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; @#getK2Gb(server.Host.DiskTotal)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;Uptime&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;clock icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#secondToDate(server.State.Uptime)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#server.Name#@&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;ServerIsOffline&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{template &quot;common/footer&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">initData</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{.Servers}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).servers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statusCards </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    el: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    delimiters: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@#&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#@&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      data: initData,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      groups: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      cache: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">created</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mounted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.nezha-secondary-font.info.icon&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        popup: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.ui.content.popup&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        exclusive: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toFixed2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toFixed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isWindowsPlatform</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">includes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Windows&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFontLogoClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ([</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;almalinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;alpine&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;aosc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;apple&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;archlinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;archlabs&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;artix&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;budgie&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;centos&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;coreos&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;debian&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;deepin&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;devuan&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;docker&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;elementary&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;fedora&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ferris&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;flathub&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;freebsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;gentoo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;gnu-guix&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;illumos&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;kali-linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;linuxmint&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mageia&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mandriva&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;manjaro&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;nixos&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;openbsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;opensuse&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;pop-os&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;raspberry-pi&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;redhat&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;rocky-linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;sabayon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;slackware&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;snappy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;solus&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ubuntu&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;void&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zorin&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ([</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;openwrt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;linux&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tux&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;amazon&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;redhat&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;arch&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;archlinux&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.groups </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Tag&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatPercent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">live</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">used</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">total</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">percent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> live </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(used </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            class: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              ui: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              progress: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            style: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;transition-duration&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;300ms&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;min-width&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;unset&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              width: percent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;% !important&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            percent,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;slategray&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].class.offline </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">51</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#0a94f2&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].class.fine </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">81</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;orange&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].class.warning </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crimson&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].class.error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">secondToDate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">s</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">floor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">24</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; {{tr &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Day</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;}}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> h </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">floor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">24</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> m </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">floor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">floor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> h </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> m).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toLocaleString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatByteSize</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">bs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readableBytes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NaN undefined&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;0B&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCoreAndGHz</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GHz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">GHz/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> Physical/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    GHz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GHz</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">GHz.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">GHz[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    Core </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Core.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Core[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;?&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Core </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> Virtual/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	        Core </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Core.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Core[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;?&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Virtual&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Core&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Physical&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Core&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getK2Gb</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">bs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          bs </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bs </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ceil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bs.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toFixed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;GB&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">listTipsMouseenter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">strs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">tipsNum</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.layerIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> layer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tips</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(strs, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">obj,{tips: [tipsNum, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rgb(0 0 0 / 85%)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],time:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">obj).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">attr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;layerIndex&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.layerIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">listTipsMouseleave</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          layer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.layerIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">field</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> map </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">map[item[field]]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dest.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          [field]: item[field],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          data: [item]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        map[item[field]] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dest.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">dItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (dItem[field] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[field]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            dItem.data.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dest;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> canShowError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">connect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wsProtocol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> window.location.protocol </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;wss&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ws&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebSocket</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(wsProtocol </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;://&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> window.location.host </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/ws&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onopen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">evt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      canShowError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      $.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">suiAlert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        title: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{tr &quot;RealtimeChannelEstablished&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        description: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{tr &quot;GetTheLatestMonitoringDataInRealTime&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        type: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;success&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        time: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        position: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;top-center&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onmessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">evt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">oldServers</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statusCards.servers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(evt.data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      statusCards.servers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data.servers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statusCards.servers.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ns</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statusCards.servers[i];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ns.Host) ns.live </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lastActive</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ns.LastActive).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (data.now </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lastActive </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ns.live </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ns.live </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      statusCards.groups </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(statusCards.servers, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Tag&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onclose</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (canShowError) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        canShowError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        $.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">suiAlert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          title: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{tr &quot;RealtimeChannelDisconnect&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          description: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{tr &quot;CanNotGetTheLatestMonitoringDataInRealTime&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          type: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;warning&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          time: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          position: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;top-center&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">connect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onerror</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ws.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">connect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.ui.accordion&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">accordion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({ </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;exclusive&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h3 id="重启容器" tabindex="-1">重启容器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#重启容器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重启容器&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>docker restart dashboard-dashboard-1</code></p><h3 id="后台管理自定义css" tabindex="-1">后台管理自定义CSS <a class="header-anchor" href="#后台管理自定义css" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;后台管理自定义CSS&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 屏幕适配 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">only</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1200</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.container</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">only</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">max-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">767</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.card</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.content</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.header:not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.cards</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.card</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.content</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.header:not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 整体图标 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.icon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 背景图片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fixed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">z-index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-position</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-repeat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">no-repeat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cover</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">//</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">https://api.kdcc.cn/img/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-family</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Arial</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Helvetica</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sans-serif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 导航栏 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.large.menu</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">55</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 首页按钮 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.menu</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.active.item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 导航栏下拉框 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.dropdown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.menu</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 登陆按钮 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.nezha-primary-btn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 大卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.fluid.accordion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fbfbfb26</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 小卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.four.cards</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.card</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.6</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaa3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.wide.column</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding-bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.three.wide.column</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding-right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.wide.column:nth-child</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.wide.column:nth-child</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding-bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 小鸡名 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.flag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片图标 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.info.icon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.nezha-secondary-font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 进度条 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.8</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">line-height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.65</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.fine.progress</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress.fine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress.warning</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#ff9800</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress.error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#e41e10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress.offline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 上传下载 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.outline.icon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.arrow.alternate.circle.down.outline.icon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.arrow.alternate.circle.up.outline.icon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片小箭头 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.right.center.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.914286</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-transform-origin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transform-origin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.bottom.left.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.top.left.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.top.right.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.left.center.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.91428571</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-transform-origin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transform-origin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.right.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.left.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.top.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.bottom.left.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.bottom.right.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.top.left.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.top.right.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.left.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.content.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">line-height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-family</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Arial</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Helvetica</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sans-serif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 服务页 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RGB</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">225</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">225</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">225</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">thead</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">th</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 服务页进度条 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.good</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.danger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.warning</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">orange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 版权 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.inverted.segment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.primary.inverted.segment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-weight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bold</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaa3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">window.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> avatar</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.item img&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> footer</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;div.is-size-7&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">footer.innerHTML</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Copyright © 2023 All Rights Reserved.&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">footer.style.visibility</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;visible&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">avatar.src</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/logo.svg&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">avatar.style.visibility</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;visible&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 屏幕适配 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">only</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1200</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.container</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">only</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">max-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">767</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.card</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.content</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.header:not</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.cards</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.card</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.content</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.header:not</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 整体图标 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.icon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 背景图片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fixed</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">z-index</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-position</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">top</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-repeat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">no-repeat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cover</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">//</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">https://api.kdcc.cn/img/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-family</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Arial</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Helvetica</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sans-serif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 导航栏 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.large.menu</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">55</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 首页按钮 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.menu</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.active.item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 导航栏下拉框 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.dropdown</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.menu</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 登陆按钮 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.nezha-primary-btn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 大卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#app</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.fluid.accordion</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fbfbfb26</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 小卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.four.cards</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.card</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.6</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaa3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.wide.column</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding-bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.three.wide.column</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding-right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.wide.column:nth-child</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.wide.column:nth-child</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.description</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding-bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 小鸡名 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.flag</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片图标 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.info.icon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.nezha-secondary-font</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 进度条 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.8</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">line-height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.65</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.fine.progress</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress.fine</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress.warning</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#ff9800</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress.error</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#e41e10</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress.offline</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 上传下载 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.outline.icon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.arrow.alternate.circle.down.outline.icon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.arrow.alternate.circle.up.outline.icon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片小箭头 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.right.center.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.914286</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-transform-origin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">left</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">transform-origin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">left</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.bottom.left.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.top.left.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.top.right.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.left.center.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.91428571</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-transform-origin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">right</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">transform-origin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">right</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.right.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.left.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.top.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.bottom.left.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.bottom.right.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.top.left.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.top.right.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.left.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.content.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">line-height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-family</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Arial</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Helvetica</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sans-serif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.content</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 服务页 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.table</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RGB</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">225</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">225</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">225</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.table</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#22863A;">thead</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#22863A;">th</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 服务页进度条 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.good</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.danger</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.warning</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">orange</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 版权 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.inverted.segment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span></span>
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refused our key\",\"link\":\"/linux/env/Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our 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+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"策略模式的具体实现","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/designpattern/策略模式的具体实现.md","filePath":"actions/designpattern/策略模式的具体实现.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/designpattern/策略模式的具体实现.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="策略模式的具体实现" tabindex="-1">策略模式的具体实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#策略模式的具体实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;策略模式的具体实现&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>开发中经常有这样一种场景，一个接口需要处理的请求中的内容包含多种不同的类型。比如支付系统，订单支付的时候可能是支付宝支付，微信支付或者银联支付等。又或者是订单系统，订单可能是普通订单，可能是团购订单，也可能是秒杀订单。前阵子做的一个预览Office文件的功能也与之类似，文件的类型不同，也需要采取不同的处理方案。这时候最简单的做法就是在controller中写n多个if else：</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ( </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;excel&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file.getType)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">（</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;word&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()）{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} ……</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ( </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;excel&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file.getType)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">（</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;word&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()）{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} ……</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果后面再加其他的类型，那就继续加if else语句，这样代码就会变的很丑陋，而且每次都需要对controller代码进行修改，后续的扩展很麻烦。所以这种情况通常会采用策略模式来进行处理，这样我们的代码会变得更加优雅，方便后续的维护。</p><h2 id="策略模式" tabindex="-1">策略模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#策略模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;策略模式&quot;">​</a></h2><p>策略模式是一种行为模式，主要作用是在程序运行时动态切换一个类的行为或者算法。我们需要做的就是创建一个定义行为的Strategy接口以及它的具体策略实现类，以及一个策略的上下文来动态切换策略。 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//af2fdc38698c458f9b06d8fbf6c89e65.png" alt="无标题.png"></p><p>下面将介绍具体的实现方案，以订单系统为例</p><p><strong>环境搭建</strong></p><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">parent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-parent&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;2.1.4.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">parent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.projectlombok&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;lombok&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1.18.6&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-web&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;2.1.4.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.apache.commons&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;commons-lang3&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;3.8.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">parent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-parent&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;2.1.4.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">parent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.projectlombok&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;lombok&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1.18.6&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-web&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;2.1.4.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.apache.commons&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;commons-lang3&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;3.8.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>订单实体类</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String code;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BigDecimal price;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 1: 普通订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 2: 秒杀订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 3: 团购订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String type;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Order</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String code;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BigDecimal price;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 1: 普通订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 2: 秒杀订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 3: 团购订单</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String type;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>抽象策略接口</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order </span><span style="color:#E36209;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>策略具体实现</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NormalHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;普通订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GroupHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;团购订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SecKillHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;秒杀订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NormalHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order </span><span style="color:#E36209;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;普通订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GroupHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order </span><span style="color:#E36209;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;团购订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SecKillHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order </span><span style="color:#E36209;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;秒杀订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>SpringUtils</strong></p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">@Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">public class SpringUtils implements ApplicationContextAware {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        SpringUtils.applicationContext = applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    //获取applicationContext</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    private static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    //通过name获取 Bean.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    public static Object getBean(String name){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    //通过class获取Bean.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    public static &lt;T&gt; T getBean(Class&lt;T&gt; clazz){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    //通过name,以及Clazz返回指定的Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    public static &lt;T&gt; T getBean(String name,Class&lt;T&gt; clazz){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name, clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">@Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">public class SpringUtils implements ApplicationContextAware {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        SpringUtils.applicationContext = applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    //获取applicationContext</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    private static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    //通过name获取 Bean.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    public static Object getBean(String name){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    //通过class获取Bean.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    public static &lt;T&gt; T getBean(Class&lt;T&gt; clazz){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    //通过name,以及Clazz返回指定的Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    public static &lt;T&gt; T getBean(String name,Class&lt;T&gt; clazz){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name, clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="第一种实现" tabindex="-1">第一种实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一种实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一种实现&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以采取配置的方式，将不同类型和对应的handler的bean name配置在配置文件或者是数据库中，这样我们在context中可以直接获取配置文件中的bean name或者去数据库中查询，然后从spring容器中获取对应的bean并调用处理方法即可。</p><p>以将映射关系持久化到数据库为例，我们需要建一张表来维护类型和具体处理器之间的关系 字段为type和对应处理器的bean名称</p><p><strong>controller</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequestMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/api/order&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderController</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IOrderService orderService;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">GetMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/{type}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">PathVariable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> orderService.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequestMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/api/order&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderController</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IOrderService orderService;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">GetMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/{type}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PathVariable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> orderService.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>service</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IOrderService</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OrderStrategyContext context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IOrderService</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OrderStrategyContext context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>context</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StrategyMapper mapper;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String beanName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mapper.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBeanName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SpringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(beanName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StrategyMapper mapper;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String beanName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mapper.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBeanName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SpringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(beanName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="第二种实现" tabindex="-1">第二种实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第二种实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第二种实现&quot;">​</a></h2><p>第一种方案相较于无尽的if else已经好很多了，但是还是需要增加配置文件或者数据库中新建表来维护类型和对应处理器的映射关系。还可以直接自定义注解来实现这个关系的对应。</p><p><strong>自定义注解HandlerType</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({ElementType.TYPE})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Retention</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Documented</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Inherited</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({ElementType.TYPE})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Retention</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Documented</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Inherited</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>然后在每个具体策略类上加上注解</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NormalHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;普通订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NormalHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;普通订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GroupHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;团购订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GroupHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;团购订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SecKillHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;秒杀订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">HandlerType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SecKillHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;秒杀订单处理完毕&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>策略上下文context修改为</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; handlerMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">handlerMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handlerMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlerMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Class clazz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (clazz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;not found handler for type :&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (OrderStrategy) SpringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; handlerMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">handlerMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handlerMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlerMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Class clazz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (clazz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;not found handler for type :&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (OrderStrategy) SpringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>自定义注解后，我们需要将注解的value和对应策略类的bean_name放到上下文的handlerMap中，并将策略上下文对象注册到spring容器里，需要一个处理类<strong>HandlerProcessor</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HandlerProcessor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BeanFactoryPostProcessor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String HANDLE_PACKAGE </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.test.handler&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">postProcessBeanFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">beanFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; map </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ClassScaner.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HANDLE_PACKAGE, HandlerType.class).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(clazz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//获取注解中对应的类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> clazz.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAnnotation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HandlerType.class).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注解的类型值作为key,对应的类作为value,存储在map中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            map.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type,clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化HandlerContext,注册到Spring容器中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        OrderStrategyContext context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(map);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        beanFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">registerSingleton</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(OrderStrategyContext.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(),context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HandlerProcessor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BeanFactoryPostProcessor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String HANDLE_PACKAGE </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.test.handler&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">postProcessBeanFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory </span><span style="color:#E36209;">beanFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; map </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ClassScaner.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HANDLE_PACKAGE, HandlerType.class).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(clazz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//获取注解中对应的类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> clazz.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAnnotation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HandlerType.class).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注解的类型值作为key,对应的类作为value,存储在map中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            map.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type,clazz);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化HandlerContext,注册到Spring容器中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        OrderStrategyContext context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(map);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        beanFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">registerSingleton</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(OrderStrategyContext.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(),context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>ClassScaner</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ClassScaner</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ResourceLoaderAware</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; includeFilters </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkedList&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; excludeFilters </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkedList&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ResourcePatternResolver resourcePatternResolver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CachingMetadataReaderFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.resourcePatternResolver);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">SafeVarargs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">basePackages</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Annotation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;... </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">annotations</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ClassScaner cs </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ClassScaner</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ArrayUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(annotations)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Class anno </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> annotations) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                cs.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addIncludeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AnnotationTypeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(anno));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; classes </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashSet&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (String s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> basePackages) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            classes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addAll</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cs.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doScan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> classes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">SafeVarargs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">basePackages</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Annotation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;... </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">annotations</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ClassScaner.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tokenizeToStringArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(basePackages, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\t\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), annotations);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ResourceLoader </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getResourceLoader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.resourcePatternResolver;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setResourceLoader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ResourceLoader </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resourceLoader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.resourcePatternResolver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ResourcePatternUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getResourcePatternResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resourceLoader);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.metadataReaderFactory </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CachingMetadataReaderFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                resourceLoader);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addIncludeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TypeFilter </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">includeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(includeFilter);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addExcludeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TypeFilter </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">excludeFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, excludeFilter);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resetFilters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">useDefaultFilters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doScan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">basePackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; classes </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashSet&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String packageSearchPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ResourcePatternResolver.CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.util.ClassUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">convertClassNameToResourcePath</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(SystemPropertyUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolvePlaceholders</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(basePackage))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**/*.class&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Resource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] resources </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.resourcePatternResolver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getResources</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(packageSearchPath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> resources.length; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Resource resource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> resources[i];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (resource.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isReadable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    MetadataReader metadataReader </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.metadataReaderFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMetadataReader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">matches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(metadataReader)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            classes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(metadataReader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getClassMetadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getClassName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ClassNotFoundException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BeanDefinitionStoreException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;I/O failure during classpath scanning&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> classes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">matches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(MetadataReader </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">metadataReader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IOException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (TypeFilter tf </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.excludeFilters) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (tf.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(metadataReader, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.metadataReaderFactory)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (TypeFilter tf </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.includeFilters) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (tf.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(metadataReader, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.metadataReaderFactory)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ClassScaner</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ResourceLoaderAware</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; includeFilters </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkedList&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; excludeFilters </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkedList&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TypeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ResourcePatternResolver resourcePatternResolver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CachingMetadataReaderFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.resourcePatternResolver);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SafeVarargs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">basePackages</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Annotation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;... </span><span style="color:#E36209;">annotations</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ClassScaner cs </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ClassScaner</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ArrayUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(annotations)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Class anno </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> annotations) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                cs.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addIncludeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AnnotationTypeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(anno));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; classes </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashSet&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (String s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> basePackages) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            classes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addAll</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cs.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doScan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> classes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SafeVarargs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">basePackages</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Annotation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;... </span><span style="color:#E36209;">annotations</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ClassScaner.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tokenizeToStringArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(basePackages, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\t\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), annotations);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ResourceLoader </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getResourceLoader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.resourcePatternResolver;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setResourceLoader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ResourceLoader </span><span style="color:#E36209;">resourceLoader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.resourcePatternResolver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ResourcePatternUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getResourcePatternResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resourceLoader);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.metadataReaderFactory </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CachingMetadataReaderFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                resourceLoader);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addIncludeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TypeFilter </span><span style="color:#E36209;">includeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(includeFilter);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addExcludeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TypeFilter </span><span style="color:#E36209;">excludeFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, excludeFilter);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resetFilters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">useDefaultFilters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doScan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">basePackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Set&lt;Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; classes </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashSet&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String packageSearchPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ResourcePatternResolver.CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.util.ClassUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">convertClassNameToResourcePath</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(SystemPropertyUtils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolvePlaceholders</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(basePackage))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**/*.class&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Resource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] resources </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.resourcePatternResolver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getResources</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(packageSearchPath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> resources.length; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Resource resource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> resources[i];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (resource.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isReadable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    MetadataReader metadataReader </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.metadataReaderFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMetadataReader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((includeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> excludeFilters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">matches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(metadataReader)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            classes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(metadataReader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getClassMetadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getClassName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ClassNotFoundException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BeanDefinitionStoreException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;I/O failure during classpath scanning&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> classes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">matches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(MetadataReader </span><span style="color:#E36209;">metadataReader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IOException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (TypeFilter tf </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.excludeFilters) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (tf.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(metadataReader, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.metadataReaderFactory)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (TypeFilter tf </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.includeFilters) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (tf.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(metadataReader, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.metadataReaderFactory)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="第三种方案" tabindex="-1">第三种方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第三种方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第三种方案&quot;">​</a></h2><p>扫描指定的包还是很麻烦,还可以直接使用ioc容器来直接进行操作 将OrderStrategyContext进行修改,不再需要processor类</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ApplicationContextAware</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CommandLineRunner</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; handlerMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getInstance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Object obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;handler not found for type : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OrderStrategy) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (OrderStrategy) obj;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;handler not found for type : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ApplicationContext context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ApplicationContext </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">applicationContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String... </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">loadBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">loadBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; beansWithAnnotation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBeansWithAnnotation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HandlerType.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        beansWithAnnotation.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((handlerBeanName,handlerBean)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; clazz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlerBean.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            HandlerType annotation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> clazz.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAnnotation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HandlerType.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String annotationValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> annotation.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(annotationValue,handlerBean);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OrderStrategyContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ApplicationContextAware</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CommandLineRunner</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; handlerMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OrderStrategy </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getInstance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Object obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;handler not found for type : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OrderStrategy) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (OrderStrategy) obj;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;handler not found for type : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ApplicationContext context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ApplicationContext </span><span style="color:#E36209;">applicationContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BeansException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> applicationContext;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String... </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">loadBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">loadBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; beansWithAnnotation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBeansWithAnnotation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HandlerType.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        beansWithAnnotation.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((handlerBeanName,handlerBean)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Class&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; clazz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlerBean.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            HandlerType annotation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> clazz.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAnnotation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HandlerType.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String annotationValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> annotation.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            handlerMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(annotationValue,handlerBean);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="启动项目并测试" tabindex="-1">启动项目并测试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动项目并测试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动项目并测试&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//61b52319c085408ba7b261894ae7faae.jpg" alt="1.jpg"><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//53af0b1422c84116a55475ddf9ff7168.jpg" alt="3.jpg"></p>`,46),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{g as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_designpattern_\347\255\226\347\225\245\346\250\241\345\274\217\347\232\204\345\205\267\344\275\223\345\256\236\347\216\260.md.353a72c9.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_designpattern_\347\255\226\347\225\245\346\250\241\345\274\217\347\232\204\345\205\267\344\275\223\345\256\236\347\216\260.md.353a72c9.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6dcbaa3e9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_designpattern_\347\255\226\347\225\245\346\250\241\345\274\217\347\232\204\345\205\267\344\275\223\345\256\236\347\216\260.md.353a72c9.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"策略模式的具体实现","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/designpattern/策略模式的具体实现.md","filePath":"actions/designpattern/策略模式的具体实现.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/designpattern/策略模式的具体实现.md"},o=l("",46),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{g as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_designpattern_\350\264\243\344\273\273\351\223\276\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.1312cae3.js" "b/assets/actions_designpattern_\350\264\243\344\273\273\351\223\276\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.1312cae3.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb59931bd
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_designpattern_\350\264\243\344\273\273\351\223\276\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.1312cae3.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"责任链模式","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/designpattern/责任链模式.md","filePath":"actions/designpattern/责任链模式.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/designpattern/责任链模式.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="责任链模式" tabindex="-1">责任链模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#责任链模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;责任链模式&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>根据不同的订单结算金额规则配置，来计算出每一条订单商品的结算金额，每条规则都有自己的匹配条件，匹配上的则应用该条规则所配置的结算金额计算公式。客户可以配置多条不同的规则，组成一条规则链。每条订单商品记录按规则的顺序依次进行条件匹配，如果匹配上则停止，匹配不上继续，直至规则链结束，没有匹配则使用默认规则进行兜底。</p><h2 id="责任链模式-1" tabindex="-1">责任链模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#责任链模式-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;责任链模式&quot;">​</a></h2><p>责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）是一种软件设计模式，它可以让多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免了请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。在责任链模式中，每个对象都有其对应的处理请求的方法，如果一个对象不能够处理该请求，那么它会将这个请求传递给下一个对象来处理，直到找到能够处理该请求的对象为止。</p><p>责任链模式通常由以下几个角色组成：</p><ol><li>抽象处理者（Handler）：定义了处理请求的接口，同时也可以实现一些公共的处理逻辑；</li><li>具体处理者（Concrete Handler）：继承自抽象处理者，实现了具体的处理方法，如果能够处理该请求，则处理请求；否则将请求转发给下一个处理者；</li><li>客户端（Client）：创建请求对象，并将请求对象传递给第一个处理者；</li><li>请求对象（Request）：封装了需要处理的数据和请求类型等信息。</li></ol><p>责任链模式的优点在于它能够降低系统的耦合度，增强系统的可扩展性和灵活性。同时，由于责任链模式中的处理者之间是松散耦合的，因此可以方便地增加或删除处理者，而不会影响到其他部分的功能。</p><h2 id="实现" tabindex="-1">实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现&quot;">​</a></h2><p>上述需求，其实就是典型的责任链模式的应用场景。而责任链模式一般有两种实现：指针和集合的方式。</p><p>指针模式是最常见的责任链模式实现方式之一。在这种模式下，每个处理对象都持有一个指向下一个处理对象的引用，形成一个链表。当请求到达一个处理对象时，如果该对象无法处理该请求，则将请求传递给链表中的下一个对象，直到找到能够处理该请求的对象为止。</p><p>集合模式是另一种责任链模式实现方式。与指针模式不同的是，集合模式下，所有的处理对象被封装在一个集合中，每个对象都具有相同的处理机会。当请求到达集合时，集合中的每个对象都有机会去处理请求，直到有一个对象成功地处理了请求或者所有对象都无法处理该请求为止。</p><h3 id="责任链" tabindex="-1">责任链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#责任链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;责任链&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">abstract</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HandlerChain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Rule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHandlers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">handlers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handlers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandlers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(T </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (CollUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlers)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlers) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">handler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(t)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (CollUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlers)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            handlers.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">abstract</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HandlerChain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Rule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHandlers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">handlers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handlers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandlers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(T </span><span style="color:#E36209;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (CollUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlers)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Handler&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlers) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">handler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(t)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (CollUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlers)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            handlers.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="处理器" tabindex="-1">处理器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#处理器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;处理器&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">abstract</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Handler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Rule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CommonDynamicParam param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> R rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">abstract</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(T </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CommonDynamicParam </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getParam</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setParam</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CommonDynamicParam </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">param</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.param </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> R </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getRule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setRule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(R </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rule </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.param </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rule.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSettlementCondition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), CommonDynamicParam.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">abstract</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Handler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">R</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Rule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CommonDynamicParam param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> R rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">abstract</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(T </span><span style="color:#E36209;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CommonDynamicParam </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getParam</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setParam</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CommonDynamicParam </span><span style="color:#E36209;">param</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.param </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> param;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> R </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getRule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setRule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(R </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rule </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rule;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.param </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rule.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSettlementCondition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), CommonDynamicParam.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="大致流程" tabindex="-1">大致流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#大致流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;大致流程&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>实现具体的Handler处理器逻辑（handle）</p></li><li><p>初始化处理器集合<code>List&lt;Handler&gt;</code>,并交给责任链对象HandlerChain管理</p></li><li><p>调用责任链的handle方法处理对象</p></li></ol>`,19),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_designpattern_\350\264\243\344\273\273\351\223\276\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.1312cae3.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_designpattern_\350\264\243\344\273\273\351\223\276\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.1312cae3.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60129d674
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_designpattern_\350\264\243\344\273\273\351\223\276\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.1312cae3.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"责任链模式","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/designpattern/责任链模式.md","filePath":"actions/designpattern/责任链模式.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/designpattern/责任链模式.md"},o=l("",19),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_Windows\344\270\213Docker Desktop\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.14819f74.js" "b/assets/actions_env_Windows\344\270\213Docker Desktop\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.14819f74.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f20b3db05
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_Windows\344\270\213Docker Desktop\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.14819f74.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o,c as t,Q as s}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Windows下Docker Desktop安装","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/Windows下Docker Desktop安装.md","filePath":"actions/env/Windows下Docker Desktop安装.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"actions/env/Windows下Docker Desktop安装.md"},l=s('<h1 id="windows下docker-desktop安装" tabindex="-1">Windows下Docker Desktop安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#windows下docker-desktop安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Windows下Docker Desktop安装&quot;">​</a></h1><ol><li><p>官网下载安装包Docker Desktop Installer.exe</p></li><li><p>运行安装并重启</p></li><li><p>提示WSL2的linux内核安装不完整,点击链接跟随教程操作</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210427020640967.png" alt="image-20210427020640967"></p></li><li><p>执行指引中的命令</p><ul><li>步骤 1 - 启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统<code>dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart</code></li><li>步骤 2 - 检查运行 WSL 2 的要求，不同架构的系统版本要求不同</li><li>步骤 3 - 启用虚拟机功能，前提是开启虚拟化，如何开启虚拟化不再赘述<code>dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart</code></li><li>步骤 4 - 下载 Linux 内核更新包，地址：<a href="https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi</a></li><li>步骤 5 - 将 WSL 2 设置为默认版本<code>wsl --set-default-version 2</code></li><li>步骤 6 - 安装所选的 Linux 分发，官方提供的方案是在微软商店中下载，因为网络原因很难实现，采取手动下载或命令行下载，参考地址<code>https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/install-manual</code>，下载完成后cd到下载的目录，执行<code>Add-AppxPackage .\\filename</code>即可 <ul><li>查看所有安装的分发版本<code>wsl --list --all</code></li><li>卸载指定的分发版本<code>wsl --unregister &lt;DistributionName&gt;</code></li></ul></li><li>打开已安装的分发版本，在安装后会提示创建linux账户和密码</li></ul></li></ol>',2),a=[l];function n(r,c,d,p,_,u){return o(),t("div",null,a)}const k=e(i,[["render",n]]);export{m as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_Windows\344\270\213Docker Desktop\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.14819f74.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_env_Windows\344\270\213Docker Desktop\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.14819f74.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61b8b8152
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_Windows\344\270\213Docker Desktop\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.14819f74.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o,c as t,Q as s}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Windows下Docker Desktop安装","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/Windows下Docker Desktop安装.md","filePath":"actions/env/Windows下Docker Desktop安装.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"actions/env/Windows下Docker Desktop安装.md"},l=s("",2),a=[l];function n(r,c,d,p,_,u){return o(),t("div",null,a)}const k=e(i,[["render",n]]);export{m as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_docker_jenkins_gitee\350\207\252\345\212\250\345\214\226\351\203\250\347\275\262vue\351\241\271\347\233\256.md.bf67c9cb.js" "b/assets/actions_env_docker_jenkins_gitee\350\207\252\345\212\250\345\214\226\351\203\250\347\275\262vue\351\241\271\347\233\256.md.bf67c9cb.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83309bbb1
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_docker_jenkins_gitee\350\207\252\345\212\250\345\214\226\351\203\250\347\275\262vue\351\241\271\347\233\256.md.bf67c9cb.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目.md","filePath":"actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="docker-jenkins-gitee自动化部署vue项目" tabindex="-1">docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目 <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-jenkins-gitee自动化部署vue项目" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目&quot;">​</a></h1><p>之前<a href="https://blog.storyxc.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">个人博客</a>一直用的travisCI部署在github page上，但是偶尔会抽风无法访问。之前一直偷懒没部署jenkins，手动部署到云服务器又比较麻烦，打包上传很浪费时间，这次就直接动手一步到位，在自己服务器上部署下jekins。</p><h2 id="docker启动jenkins" tabindex="-1">docker启动jenkins <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker启动jenkins" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker启动jenkins&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>启动容器</li></ul><p>最开始用的jenkins中文社区的镜像发现有个很恶心的问题，jenkins版本比较低而且安装了NodeJS插件后在全局工具配置中配置NodeJS安装环境时无法选择版本，所以还是官方镜像比较靠谱。</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拉取官方镜像</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">lts:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pulling</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins/jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4c25b3090c26:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">750d566fdd60:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2718cc36ca02:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">5678b027ee14:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">c839cd2df78d:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">50861a5addda:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ff2b028e5cf5:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ee710b58f452:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2625c929bb0e:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">6a6bf9181c04:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bee5e6792ac4:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">6cc5edd2133e:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">c07b16426ded:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">e9ac42647ae3:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">fa925738a490:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4a08c3886279:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2d43fec22b7e:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Pull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Digest:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sha256:a942c30fc3bcf269a1c32ba27eb4a470148eff9aba086911320031a3c3943e6c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Status:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Downloaded</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">newer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker.io/jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 启动jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-dp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8099</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:8080</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/story/dist:/story/dist</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/jenkins_data:/var/jenkins_home</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=&quot;Asia/Shanghai&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 参数说明 --name 指定容器名为jenkins -d 后台启动 -p 将容器的8080端口映射到宿主机的8099端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -v 挂载宿主机目录 宿主机和容器的目录会同步 -u 指定用户为root 这里是必须的 不然后续操作文件系统会报无权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 挂载时区的目录是因为镜像中的linux系统默认时区非北京时间，会导致时间显示不正确</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拉取官方镜像</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lts:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pulling</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins/jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4c25b3090c26:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">750d566fdd60:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2718cc36ca02:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">5678b027ee14:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">c839cd2df78d:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">50861a5addda:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ff2b028e5cf5:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ee710b58f452:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2625c929bb0e:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">6a6bf9181c04:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bee5e6792ac4:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">6cc5edd2133e:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">c07b16426ded:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">e9ac42647ae3:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fa925738a490:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4a08c3886279:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2d43fec22b7e:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Pull</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">complete</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Digest:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sha256:a942c30fc3bcf269a1c32ba27eb4a470148eff9aba086911320031a3c3943e6c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Status:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Downloaded</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">newer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker.io/jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 启动jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-dp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8099</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:8080</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/story/dist:/story/dist</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/jenkins_data:/var/jenkins_home</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=&quot;Asia/Shanghai&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins/jenkins:lts</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 参数说明 --name 指定容器名为jenkins -d 后台启动 -p 将容器的8080端口映射到宿主机的8099端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -v 挂载宿主机目录 宿主机和容器的目录会同步 -u 指定用户为root 这里是必须的 不然后续操作文件系统会报无权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 挂载时区的目录是因为镜像中的linux系统默认时区非北京时间，会导致时间显示不正确</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>启动后直接访问本机8099端口：<code>http://localhost:8099/</code>（我这里是本地测试，实际请替换成自己的服务器地址）</li></ul><h2 id="apt安装" tabindex="-1">apt安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#apt安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;apt安装&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io-2023.key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tee</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/null</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-c</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;echo &quot;deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc] https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/&quot; &gt; /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Jenkins requires Java 11 or 17 since Jenkins 2.357 and LTS 2.361.1. </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">openjdk-17-jdk</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io-2023.key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tee</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/null</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-c</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;echo &quot;deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc] https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/&quot; &gt; /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Jenkins requires Java 11 or 17 since Jenkins 2.357 and LTS 2.361.1. </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">openjdk-17-jdk</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914101747191.png" alt="image-20210914101747191"></p><ul><li>进到容器中查询下密码</li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-it</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/bin/bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exec</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-it</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/bin/bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword</span></span></code></pre></div><p>或者直接在上面挂载的目录查询但要改一下路径</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/jenkins_data/secrets/initialAdminPassword</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/jenkins_data/secrets/initialAdminPassword</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>使用密码登录后直接安装推荐插件即可</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914102028448.png" alt="image-20210914102028448"></p><ul><li>等待安装完成</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914102652130.png" alt="image-20210914102652130"></p><ul><li>新建账户</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914102716607.png" alt="image-20210914102716607"></p><ul><li><p>实例配置</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914102906576.png" alt="image-20210914102906576"></p></li><li><p>完成</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914102924807.png" alt=""></p></li></ul><h2 id="jenkins配置自动部署" tabindex="-1">jenkins配置自动部署 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jenkins配置自动部署" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jenkins配置自动部署&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="安装node和gitee插件" tabindex="-1">安装node和gitee插件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装node和gitee插件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装node和gitee插件&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Manage Jenkins ---&gt; Manage Plugins ---&gt; 可选插件分别搜索gitee和nodejs <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914111457469.png" alt="image-20210914111457469"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914111526455.png" alt="image-20210914111526455"></p><p>选择install without restart</p><p>安装完毕后返回工作台</p><h3 id="配置node环境" tabindex="-1">配置node环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置node环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置node环境&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Manage Jenkins ---&gt; Global Tool Configuration ---&gt; NodeJS</p><p>新增NodeJS取别名后保存即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914111718160.png" alt="image-20210914111718160"></p><h2 id="新建自动部署任务" tabindex="-1">新建自动部署任务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新建自动部署任务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新建自动部署任务&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="新建任务" tabindex="-1">新建任务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新建任务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新建任务&quot;">​</a></h3><p>工作台点击新建Item，输入任务名称后选择freestyle project确定</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914111819597.png" alt="image-20210914111819597"></p><h3 id="配置gitee相关内容" tabindex="-1">配置gitee相关内容 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置gitee相关内容" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置gitee相关内容&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="源码管理" tabindex="-1">源码管理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#源码管理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;源码管理&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>添加gitee仓库地址，指定要打包的分支</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914112017978.png" alt="image-20210914112017978"></p><h4 id="构建触发器" tabindex="-1">构建触发器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构建触发器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构建触发器&quot;">​</a></h4><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914112740392.png" alt="image-20210914112740392"></p><ul><li>生成webhook密码</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914112804397.png" alt="image-20210914112804397"></p><ul><li><p>去gitee仓库中配置webhook内容</p><p>仓库的管理tab页添加webhook</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914112946461.png" alt="image-20210914112946461"></p></li></ul><p>url和webhook密码分别填写后保存</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914113229679.png" alt="image-20210914113229679"></p><p>在这个页面点击测试，如果看到xxx has been accepted即为成功。</p><h4 id="构建环境" tabindex="-1">构建环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构建环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构建环境&quot;">​</a></h4><p>选择前面已经配置好的node环境即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914113502188.png" alt="image-20210914113502188"></p><h4 id="构建" tabindex="-1">构建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构建" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构建&quot;">​</a></h4><p>首先在任务面板中点击立即构建，这样才会生成工作空间</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914114129450.png" alt="image-20210914114129450"></p><p>我这里选择执行shell</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914113546293.png" alt="image-20210914113546293"></p><p>然后就是写个简单的脚本执行打包，替换的工作</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914113643970.png" alt="image-20210914113643970"></p><p><strong>第一步cd进入的目录是当前任务的工作空间，这里要把vuepress替换成自己的任务名称即可</strong></p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>这里涉及到文件系统操作的内容rm cp等命令需要root用户才能执行，所以在启动docker容器的时候必须使用-u root参数指定root用户，否则打包会失败，操作文件时会提示无权限</p></div><p>配置完毕保存即可</p><h2 id="测试" tabindex="-1">测试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#测试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;测试&quot;">​</a></h2><p>点击立即构建或者往gitee仓库推送一次更新即可触发构建任务，然后等待构建完成即可。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210914114542885.png" alt="image-20210914114542885"></p><p>如果是第一次执行构建，jenkins还会自动安装解压nodejs。</p><p>通过脚本替换完打包好的dist后，通过nginx配置部署静态项目即可。</p><h2 id="jenkins打包跨平台docker镜像并推送镜像仓库" tabindex="-1">jenkins打包跨平台docker镜像并推送镜像仓库 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jenkins打包跨平台docker镜像并推送镜像仓库" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jenkins打包跨平台docker镜像并推送镜像仓库&quot;">​</a></h2><p>这里是用宿主机直接安装的jenkins</p><ul><li><p>把jenkins用户添加到docker组中然后重启jenkins：<code>sudo usermod -aG docker jenkins</code></p><blockquote><p>getent group groupname 查看组中有哪些用户</p></blockquote></li><li><p>shell</p></li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/lib/jenkins/workspace/xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">node</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">npm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">npm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">npm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkinsbuilder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Dockerfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Dockerfile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">// doSomething</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">login</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xxx.com</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--username=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--password==</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--platform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linux/amd64,linux/arm64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xxx/xxx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--push</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/lib/jenkins/workspace/xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">node</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">npm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">npm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">npm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">create</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--use</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkinsbuilder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Dockerfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Dockerfile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">// doSomething</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">login</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xxx.com</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--username=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--password==</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--platform</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linux/amd64,linux/arm64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xxx/xxx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--push</span></span></code></pre></div>`,69),e=[o];function c(t,r,y,i,E,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{g as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_docker_jenkins_gitee\350\207\252\345\212\250\345\214\226\351\203\250\347\275\262vue\351\241\271\347\233\256.md.bf67c9cb.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_env_docker_jenkins_gitee\350\207\252\345\212\250\345\214\226\351\203\250\347\275\262vue\351\241\271\347\233\256.md.bf67c9cb.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85950ed65
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_docker_jenkins_gitee\350\207\252\345\212\250\345\214\226\351\203\250\347\275\262vue\351\241\271\347\233\256.md.bf67c9cb.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目.md","filePath":"actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/docker+jenkins+gitee自动化部署vue项目.md"},o=l("",69),e=[o];function c(t,r,y,i,E,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{g as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256socks5\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\247\243\345\206\263github\344\270\212down\344\273\243\347\240\201\346\205\242\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.c90eedfb.js" "b/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256socks5\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\247\243\345\206\263github\344\270\212down\344\273\243\347\240\201\346\205\242\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.c90eedfb.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5dc9f059f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256socks5\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\247\243\345\206\263github\344\270\212down\344\273\243\347\240\201\346\205\242\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.c90eedfb.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题.md","filePath":"actions/env/git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题.md"},l=o(`<h1 id="git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题" tabindex="-1">git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http.proxy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;socks5://127.0.0.1:10880&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https.proxy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;socks5://127.0.0.1:10880&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 取消代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--unset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http.proxy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--unset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https.proxy</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http.proxy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;socks5://127.0.0.1:10880&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https.proxy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;socks5://127.0.0.1:10880&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 取消代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--unset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http.proxy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--unset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https.proxy</span></span></code></pre></div><p>端口号根据自己本地的代理端口填写</p>`,3),t=[l];function e(c,r,y,i,E,g){return n(),a("div",null,t)}const d=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{_ as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256socks5\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\247\243\345\206\263github\344\270\212down\344\273\243\347\240\201\346\205\242\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.c90eedfb.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256socks5\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\247\243\345\206\263github\344\270\212down\344\273\243\347\240\201\346\205\242\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.c90eedfb.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbc27102a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256socks5\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\247\243\345\206\263github\344\270\212down\344\273\243\347\240\201\346\205\242\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.c90eedfb.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题.md","filePath":"actions/env/git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/git配置socks5代理解决github上down代码慢的问题.md"},l=o("",3),t=[l];function e(c,r,y,i,E,g){return n(),a("div",null,t)}const d=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{_ as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\244\232ssh-key __ Gitee \345\222\214 Github \345\220\214\346\255\245\346\233\264\346\226\260.md.006c67ac.js" "b/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\244\232ssh-key __ Gitee \345\222\214 Github \345\220\214\346\255\245\346\233\264\346\226\260.md.006c67ac.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f5a77c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\244\232ssh-key __ Gitee \345\222\214 Github \345\220\214\346\255\245\346\233\264\346\226\260.md.006c67ac.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新.md","filePath":"actions/env/git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新.md"},l=e(`<h1 id="git配置多ssh-key-gitee-和-github-同步更新" tabindex="-1">git配置多ssh-key &amp;&amp; Gitee 和 Github 同步更新 <a class="header-anchor" href="#git配置多ssh-key-gitee-和-github-同步更新" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;git配置多ssh-key &amp;&amp; Gitee 和 Github 同步更新&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="配置多ssh-key" tabindex="-1">配置多ssh-key <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置多ssh-key" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置多ssh-key&quot;">​</a></h2><p>gitee或者gitlab账号和个人git账号同时在一台机器上使用时，可以为不同git服务器设置不同的ssh-key</p><ol><li><p>生成一个个人github的ssh-key</p><p><code>ssh-keygen -t rsa -C &#39;xxxxx@163.com&#39; -f ~/.ssh/github_id_rsa</code></p></li><li><p>生成一个gitee的ssh-key</p><p><code>ssh-keygen -t rsa -C &#39;xxxxx@company.cn&#39; -f ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa</code></p></li><li><p>在<code>~/.ssh</code>下新建config文件<code>vim ~/.ssh/config</code>，添加以下内容</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># gitee</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Host gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">HostName gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">PreferredAuthentications publickey</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">IdentityFile ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># github</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Host github.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">HostName github.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">PreferredAuthentications publickey</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github_id_rsa</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># gitee</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Host gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">HostName gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">PreferredAuthentications publickey</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">IdentityFile ~/.ssh/gitee_id_rsa</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># github</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Host github.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">HostName github.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">PreferredAuthentications publickey</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github_id_rsa</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>分别在gitee和github中添加前两步生成的对应地址的公钥</p></li><li><p>ssh命令测试</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ssh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git@gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ssh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git@github.com</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ssh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git@gitee.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ssh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git@github.com</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ol><p>如果看到 hi xxx！。。。内容则证明配置成功</p><h2 id="gitee-和-github-同步更新" tabindex="-1">Gitee 和 Github 同步更新 <a class="header-anchor" href="#gitee-和-github-同步更新" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Gitee 和 Github 同步更新&quot;">​</a></h2><p>假设我们有一个项目同时在github和gitee上都有仓库，当直接使用<code>git clone</code>命令拉取的代码默认remote为origin，如果要分别更新，我们要分别在两个本地仓库中push。这时我们可以给本地仓库添加多个origin，然后更新的时候分别推送即可实现一个本地仓库分别推送两个不同的远程仓库。</p><ol><li><p>删除原有的remote地址</p><p><code>git remote remove origin</code></p></li><li><p>添加新的远程仓库地址（gitee）</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remote</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">远程仓库名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">远程仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">eg:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remote</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gitee</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git@gitee.com:xxx/xxx.git</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remote</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">远程仓库名</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">远程仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">eg:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remote</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gitee</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git@gitee.com:xxx/xxx.git</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>添加新的远程仓库地址（github）</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remote</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">远程仓库名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">远程仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">eg:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remote</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">github</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git@github.com:xxx/xxx.git</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remote</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">远程仓库名</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">远程仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">eg:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remote</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">github</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git@github.com:xxx/xxx.git</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再次查看<code>git remote</code>:</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210913184204396.png" alt="image-20210913184204396"></p></li><li><p>推送的时候<code>git push 远程仓库名</code>即可</p></li></ol><h3 id="修改配置文件一次推送多个仓库" tabindex="-1">修改配置文件一次推送多个仓库 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改配置文件一次推送多个仓库" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改配置文件一次推送多个仓库&quot;">​</a></h3><p>修改仓库下.git/config文件，新增内容</p><div class="language-sh vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sh</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[remote </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;all&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">repo1.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">repo2.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">repo3.git</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[remote </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;all&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">repo1.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">repo2.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">repo3.git</span></span></code></pre></div><p>直接<code>git push all</code></p>`,12),o=[l];function t(c,i,r,y,E,g){return a(),n("div",null,o)}const F=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\244\232ssh-key __ Gitee \345\222\214 Github \345\220\214\346\255\245\346\233\264\346\226\260.md.006c67ac.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\244\232ssh-key __ Gitee \345\222\214 Github \345\220\214\346\255\245\346\233\264\346\226\260.md.006c67ac.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d61826080
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_git\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\244\232ssh-key __ Gitee \345\222\214 Github \345\220\214\346\255\245\346\233\264\346\226\260.md.006c67ac.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新.md","filePath":"actions/env/git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/git配置多ssh-key && Gitee 和 Github 同步更新.md"},l=e("",12),o=[l];function t(c,i,r,y,E,g){return a(),n("div",null,o)}const F=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_macOS\345\274\200\345\220\257\347\273\210\347\253\257\347\232\204\344\273\243\347\220\206.md.1df19024.js" "b/assets/actions_env_macOS\345\274\200\345\220\257\347\273\210\347\253\257\347\232\204\344\273\243\347\220\206.md.1df19024.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..567c7e8b4
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_macOS\345\274\200\345\220\257\347\273\210\347\253\257\347\232\204\344\273\243\347\220\206.md.1df19024.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as o,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"macOS开启终端的代理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/macOS开启终端的代理.md","filePath":"actions/env/macOS开启终端的代理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"actions/env/macOS开启终端的代理.md"},t=p(`<h1 id="macos开启终端的代理" tabindex="-1">macOS开启终端的代理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#macos开启终端的代理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;macOS开启终端的代理&quot;">​</a></h1><p>例如要走socks5的代理</p><ul><li>直接在终端运行</li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> https_proxy</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> https_proxy</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这样配置只对当前终端有效，不会影响其他</p><ul><li>修改终端配置文件 例如.zshrc</li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> http_proxy</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> https_proxy</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> http_proxy</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> https_proxy</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">socks5://127.0.0.1:10880</span></span></code></pre></div><p>修改后保存，然后<code>source ~/.zshrc</code>立即成效。重启终端后即可全局代理。</p><p>也可以通过alias建立个别名，这样可以快速开启代理，编辑.zshrc 添加</p><p><code>alias proxy_on=&#39;export https_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:10880&#39;</code></p>`,10),n=[t];function l(c,r,i,d,_,h){return a(),o("div",null,n)}const m=s(e,[["render",l]]);export{u as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_macOS\345\274\200\345\220\257\347\273\210\347\253\257\347\232\204\344\273\243\347\220\206.md.1df19024.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_env_macOS\345\274\200\345\220\257\347\273\210\347\253\257\347\232\204\344\273\243\347\220\206.md.1df19024.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91a01440b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_macOS\345\274\200\345\220\257\347\273\210\347\253\257\347\232\204\344\273\243\347\220\206.md.1df19024.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as o,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"macOS开启终端的代理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/macOS开启终端的代理.md","filePath":"actions/env/macOS开启终端的代理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"actions/env/macOS开启终端的代理.md"},t=p("",10),n=[t];function l(c,r,i,d,_,h){return a(),o("div",null,n)}const m=s(e,[["render",l]]);export{u as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_macos\345\274\200\346\234\272\350\207\252\345\212\250\346\211\247\350\241\214\350\204\232\346\234\254.md.d83ea0e6.js" "b/assets/actions_env_macos\345\274\200\346\234\272\350\207\252\345\212\250\346\211\247\350\241\214\350\204\232\346\234\254.md.d83ea0e6.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04cf392c9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_macos\345\274\200\346\234\272\350\207\252\345\212\250\346\211\247\350\241\214\350\204\232\346\234\254.md.d83ea0e6.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"macos开机自动执行脚本","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/macos开机自动执行脚本.md","filePath":"actions/env/macos开机自动执行脚本.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/macos开机自动执行脚本.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="macos开机自动执行脚本" tabindex="-1">macos开机自动执行脚本 <a class="header-anchor" href="#macos开机自动执行脚本" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;macos开机自动执行脚本&quot;">​</a></h1><p>linux开机启动可以用systemd很方便的实现，mac上稍微复杂一些，需要自己写个.plist文件</p><h2 id="简介" tabindex="-1">简介 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简介" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简介&quot;">​</a></h2><p>launchd 是 Mac OS 下用于初始化系统环境的关键进程，它是内核装载成功之后在 OS 环境下启动的第一个进程，可以用来控制服务的自动启动或者关闭。</p><p>它的作用就是我们平时说的守护进程，简单来说，用户守护进程是作为系统的一部分运行在后台的非图形化程序。</p><p>采用这种方式来配置自启动项很简单，只需要一个 plist 文件，该文件存在的目录有：</p><p>用户登陆前 LaunchDaemons：</p><p>~/Library/LaunchDaemons</p><p>用户登录后 LaunchAgents：</p><p>~/Library/LaunchAgents</p><h2 id="脚本" tabindex="-1">脚本 <a class="header-anchor" href="#脚本" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;脚本&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">xml</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#F97583;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">plist</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> PUBLIC &quot;-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN&quot;&quot;http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plist</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;KeepAlive&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;SuccessfulExit&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;Label&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;com.storyxc.frpc&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;ProgramArguments&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;/Users/story/project/widget/frp/frpc&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;-c&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;/Users/story/project/widget/frp/frpc.ini&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;RunAtLoad&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plist</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#22863A;">xml</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">plist</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> PUBLIC &quot;-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN&quot;&quot;http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plist</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;KeepAlive&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;SuccessfulExit&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;Label&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;com.storyxc.frpc&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;ProgramArguments&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">array</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;/Users/story/project/widget/frp/frpc&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;-c&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;/Users/story/project/widget/frp/frpc.ini&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">array</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;RunAtLoad&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plist</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>将脚本命名为frpc.plist，然后移动到<code>~/Library/LaunchAgents/</code>下</p><h2 id="载入plist文件" tabindex="-1">载入plist文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#载入plist文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;载入plist文件&quot;">​</a></h2><p>启动服务：</p><p><code>launchctl [load|enable|bootstrap] -w plist_path</code></p><p>卸载服务：</p><p><code>launchctl [unload|disable|bootout] -w plist_path</code></p><h2 id="设置别名" tabindex="-1">设置别名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置别名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置别名&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-zsh vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">zsh</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># frpc启动、停止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alias</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">frpc.start=&#39;launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/frpc.plist&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alias</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">frpc.stop=&#39;launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/frpc.plist&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># frpc启动、停止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">alias</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">frpc.start=&#39;launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/frpc.plist&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">alias</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">frpc.stop=&#39;launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/frpc.plist&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div>`,20),t=[o];function e(c,r,E,y,i,g){return a(),n("div",null,t)}const h=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{u as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_macos\345\274\200\346\234\272\350\207\252\345\212\250\346\211\247\350\241\214\350\204\232\346\234\254.md.d83ea0e6.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_env_macos\345\274\200\346\234\272\350\207\252\345\212\250\346\211\247\350\241\214\350\204\232\346\234\254.md.d83ea0e6.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7507b59c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_macos\345\274\200\346\234\272\350\207\252\345\212\250\346\211\247\350\241\214\350\204\232\346\234\254.md.d83ea0e6.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"macos开机自动执行脚本","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/macos开机自动执行脚本.md","filePath":"actions/env/macos开机自动执行脚本.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/macos开机自动执行脚本.md"},o=l("",20),t=[o];function e(c,r,E,y,i,g){return a(),n("div",null,t)}const h=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{u as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_mysql\345\220\257\345\212\250\346\212\245\351\224\231\346\216\222\346\237\245\345\217\212\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.9d86446f.js" "b/assets/actions_env_mysql\345\220\257\345\212\250\346\212\245\351\224\231\346\216\222\346\237\245\345\217\212\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.9d86446f.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01bde4c4b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_mysql\345\220\257\345\212\250\346\212\245\351\224\231\346\216\222\346\237\245\345\217\212\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.9d86446f.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"mysql启动报错排查及处理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/mysql启动报错排查及处理.md","filePath":"actions/env/mysql启动报错排查及处理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/mysql启动报错排查及处理.md"},l=e(`<h1 id="mysql启动报错排查及处理" tabindex="-1">mysql启动报错排查及处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mysql启动报错排查及处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;mysql启动报错排查及处理&quot;">​</a></h1><p>今天访问我自己的老博客（www.storyxc.com ）发现网站挂掉了，ssh上去看了一下nginx和我自己的java后台博客服务都挂掉了，可能是阿里云抽风服务器重启了。然后重启了nignx和服务访问了一下，查询一直在pending，再去看后台日志，发现获取不到连接，估计是mysql也挂了。</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisSystemException: nested exception is org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### Error querying database.  Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Failed to obtain JDBC Connection; nested exception is com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.Communi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">cationsException: Communications link failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### The error may exist in class path resource [mapper/ArticleDao.xml]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### The error may involve com.storyxc.mapper.ArticleDao.queryHotArticle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### The error occurred while executing a query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Failed to obtain JDBC Connection; nested exception is com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.CommunicationsException: Communic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">ations link failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(MyBatisExceptionTranslator.java:77) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate$SqlSessionInterceptor.invoke(SqlSessionTemplate.java:446) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy61.selectList(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate.selectList(SqlSessionTemplate.java:230) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.executeForMany(MapperMethod.java:137) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.execute(MapperMethod.java:75) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperProxy.invoke(MapperProxy.java:59) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy82.queryHotArticle(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl.queryHotArticle(ArticleServiceImpl.java:113) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$edb0e759.invoke(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218) ~[spring-core-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:684) ~[spring-aop-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$5695fd69.queryHotArticle(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController.queryHotArticle(ArticleController.java:73) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$954e681b.invoke(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218) ~[spring-core-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:684) ~[spring-aop-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$7f3f634c.queryHotArticle(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisSystemException: nested exception is org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### Error querying database.  Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Failed to obtain JDBC Connection; nested exception is com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.Communi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">cationsException: Communications link failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### The error may exist in class path resource [mapper/ArticleDao.xml]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### The error may involve com.storyxc.mapper.ArticleDao.queryHotArticle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### The error occurred while executing a query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Failed to obtain JDBC Connection; nested exception is com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.CommunicationsException: Communic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">ations link failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(MyBatisExceptionTranslator.java:77) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate$SqlSessionInterceptor.invoke(SqlSessionTemplate.java:446) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy61.selectList(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate.selectList(SqlSessionTemplate.java:230) ~[mybatis-spring-1.3.1.jar!/:1.3.1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.executeForMany(MapperMethod.java:137) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.execute(MapperMethod.java:75) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperProxy.invoke(MapperProxy.java:59) ~[mybatis-3.4.5.jar!/:3.4.5]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy82.queryHotArticle(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl.queryHotArticle(ArticleServiceImpl.java:113) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$edb0e759.invoke(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218) ~[spring-core-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:684) ~[spring-aop-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.service.impl.ArticleServiceImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$5695fd69.queryHotArticle(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController.queryHotArticle(ArticleController.java:73) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$954e681b.invoke(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218) ~[spring-core-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:684) ~[spring-aop-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.6.RELEASE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at com.storyxc.controller.ArticleController$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$7f3f634c.queryHotArticle(&lt;generated&gt;) ~[classes!/:1.0-SNAPSHOT]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_282]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>然后尝试重启mysql：<code>service mysql start</code></p><p>直接报错：<code>Starting MySQL...The server quit without updating PID file [FAILED]b/mysql/iz2ze09hymnzdn4lgmltlmz.pid).</code></p><p>但就这样的报错没法排查，试图看下mysql的错误日志：<code>less /var/log/mysql/error.log</code>结果没有，</p><p>这才想起来当时没给mysql配置错误日志路径。</p><p>给mysql配置错误文件的路径：vim /etc/my.cnf</p><p>在[mysqld]下面加一行：<code>log_error=/var/log/mysql/error.log</code> ，然后创建/var/log/mysql这个目录</p><p>再次启动，依旧报错，但这次我们可以去看错误日志了。继续 <code>less /var/log/mysql/error.log</code></p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">210627 00:34:02 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] Plugin &#39;FEDERATED&#39; is disabled.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">InnoDB: mmap(136019968 bytes) failed; errno 12</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] InnoDB: Cannot allocate memory for the buffer pool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Plugin &#39;InnoDB&#39; init function returned error.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Plugin &#39;InnoDB&#39; registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Aborting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] Binlog end</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">210627 00:34:02 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] Plugin &#39;FEDERATED&#39; is disabled.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">InnoDB: mmap(136019968 bytes) failed; errno 12</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] InnoDB: Cannot allocate memory for the buffer pool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Plugin &#39;InnoDB&#39; init function returned error.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Plugin &#39;InnoDB&#39; registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [ERROR] Aborting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2021-06-27 00:34:03 3127 [Note] Binlog end</span></span></code></pre></div><p>查看内存情况：<code>free -h</code>，由于我买的是阿里云的轻量级应用服务器-穷逼版，只有2G内存</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">total</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">used</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">free</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">shared</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buff/cache</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">available</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mem:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">           </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.8</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">G</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.2</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">G</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">245</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">323</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">268</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Swap:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">           </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">B</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">total</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">used</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">free</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#032F62;">shared</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buff/cache</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">available</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mem:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">           </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.8</span><span style="color:#032F62;">G</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.2</span><span style="color:#032F62;">G</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">245</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">323</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">268</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Swap:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">           </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">B</span></span></code></pre></div><p>swap为0，执行命令建立临时分区</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">dd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">if=/dev/zero</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of=/swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bs=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">count=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">128</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">//创建一个swap文件，大小为128M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkswap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">//将swap文件变为swap分区文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">swapon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">//将其映射为swap分区</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">if=/dev/zero</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of=/swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bs=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">count=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">128</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">//创建一个swap文件，大小为128M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkswap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">                              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">//将swap文件变为swap分区文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">swapon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">                              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">//将其映射为swap分区</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再次查看内存：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">total</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">used</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">free</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">shared</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buff/cache</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">available</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mem:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">           </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.8</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">G</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.3</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">G</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">82</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">463</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">236</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Swap:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">127</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">127</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">M</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">total</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">used</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">free</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#032F62;">shared</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buff/cache</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">available</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mem:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">           </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.8</span><span style="color:#032F62;">G</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.3</span><span style="color:#032F62;">G</span><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">82</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">463</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">236</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Swap:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">127</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">127</span><span style="color:#032F62;">M</span></span></code></pre></div><p>swap分区已存在，执行命令使系统重启swap分区自动加载：vim /etc/fstab</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">defaults</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">defaults</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再次启动 还是他喵不行，执行命令查看下当前内存占用大户。</p><p><code>ps -eo pid,ppid,%mem,%cpu,cmd --sort=-%mem | head</code></p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PID</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PPID</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">%MEM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">%CPU</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CMD</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">19872</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">14.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45.7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./phpupdate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">20228</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">14.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45.7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/phpupdate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">9372</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">java</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-jar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">storyxc.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">27880</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/opt/openoffice4/program/soffice.bin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-headless</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-accept=socket,host=127.0.0.1,port=8100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">urp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-nofirststartwizard</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">13389</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/bin/dockerd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-H</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">fd://</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">23244</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">21287</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4.7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./networkmanager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">13322</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/bin/containerd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">489</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">455</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CmsGoAgent-Worker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">19905</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./phpguard</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PID</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PPID</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">%MEM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">%CPU</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CMD</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">19872</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">14.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45.7</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./phpupdate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">20228</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">14.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45.7</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/phpupdate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">9372</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">java</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-jar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">storyxc.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">27880</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/opt/openoffice4/program/soffice.bin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-headless</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-accept=socket,host=127.0.0.1,port=8100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">urp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-nofirststartwizard</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">13389</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/bin/dockerd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-H</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">fd://</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">23244</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">21287</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4.7</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./networkmanager</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">13322</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/bin/containerd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">489</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">455</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CmsGoAgent-Worker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">19905</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./phpguard</span></span></code></pre></div><p>好家伙，从哪冒出来的phpupdate 直接全杀掉，世界瞬间清净了，腾出来600M的内存,</p><p>再次启动mysql，成功，问题解决。</p>`,24),o=[l];function t(r,c,y,i,E,F){return a(),n("div",null,o)}const m=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{C as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_mysql\345\220\257\345\212\250\346\212\245\351\224\231\346\216\222\346\237\245\345\217\212\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.9d86446f.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_env_mysql\345\220\257\345\212\250\346\212\245\351\224\231\346\216\222\346\237\245\345\217\212\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.9d86446f.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c69b688f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_mysql\345\220\257\345\212\250\346\212\245\351\224\231\346\216\222\346\237\245\345\217\212\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.9d86446f.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"mysql启动报错排查及处理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/mysql启动报错排查及处理.md","filePath":"actions/env/mysql启动报错排查及处理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/mysql启动报错排查及处理.md"},l=e("",24),o=[l];function t(r,c,y,i,E,F){return a(),n("div",null,o)}const m=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{C as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_\344\275\277\347\224\250github actions\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\214\201\347\273\255\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.b2ebd861.js" "b/assets/actions_env_\344\275\277\347\224\250github actions\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\214\201\347\273\255\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.b2ebd861.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b16e718a2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_\344\275\277\347\224\250github actions\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\214\201\347\273\255\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.b2ebd861.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"使用github actions进行持续部署","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/使用github actions进行持续部署.md","filePath":"actions/env/使用github actions进行持续部署.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/使用github actions进行持续部署.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="使用github-actions进行持续部署" tabindex="-1">使用github actions进行持续部署 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用github-actions进行持续部署" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用github actions进行持续部署&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>Github Actions官方文档<a href="https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#name" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#name</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="github-actions是什么" tabindex="-1">Github Actions是什么 <a class="header-anchor" href="#github-actions是什么" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Github Actions是什么&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Github推出的持续集成工具</p><h2 id="使用" tabindex="-1">使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="配置" tabindex="-1">配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Github Actions的配置文件叫做workflow文件，需要存放在repo根路径下的<code>./github/workflows</code>目录中。workflow文件使用<code>yaml</code>格式编写，文件名可以自定义，后缀统一为<code>yml</code>，一个repo中可以有多个workflow，Github只要发现<code>./github/workflows</code>目录中有<code>.yml</code>文件就会自动运行。</p><p>本博客的workflow文件：</p><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 自定义当前执行文件的名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vuepress</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 整个流程在main分支发生push事件时触发</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">branches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">build-and-deploy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">runs-on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 运行在ubuntu-latest环境的虚拟机中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">strategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">matrix</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:              </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 矩阵</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">node-version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">10.x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">steps</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 每个 job 由多个 step 构成，它会从上至下依次执行。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取仓库源码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Checkout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">uses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># github actions提供了一些官方的action，例如checkout @v2是action的版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装node</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Use Node.js \${{ matrix.node-version }}</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义好的node版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">uses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-node@v1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 作用：安装nodejs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">node-version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\${{ matrix.node-version }}</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义好的node版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 构建和部署</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Deploy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">env</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 环境变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">GITHUB_TOKEN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\${{ secrets.vuepress_actions_access_token }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">npm install &amp;&amp; npm run deploy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># npm run deploy需要在package.json中定义&quot;deploy: bash deploy.sh&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 自定义当前执行文件的名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vuepress</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 整个流程在main分支发生push事件时触发</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">branches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">jobs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">build-and-deploy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">runs-on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ubuntu-latest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 运行在ubuntu-latest环境的虚拟机中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">strategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">matrix</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:              </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 矩阵</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">node-version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">10.x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">steps</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 每个 job 由多个 step 构成，它会从上至下依次执行。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取仓库源码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Checkout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">uses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">actions/checkout@v2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># github actions提供了一些官方的action，例如checkout @v2是action的版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装node</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Use Node.js \${{ matrix.node-version }}</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义好的node版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">uses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">actions/setup-node@v1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 作用：安装nodejs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">node-version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\${{ matrix.node-version }}</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义好的node版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 构建和部署</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Deploy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">env</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 环境变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">GITHUB_TOKEN</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\${{ secrets.vuepress_actions_access_token }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">npm install &amp;&amp; npm run deploy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># npm run deploy需要在package.json中定义&quot;deploy: bash deploy.sh&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>steps:</p><ul><li>checkout源码到workflow中</li><li>安装指定版本的node环境</li><li>从仓库的设置中读取配置好的access_token，安装依赖，执行项目中的deploy.sh脚本</li></ul><h3 id="配置access-token" tabindex="-1">配置access_token <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置access-token" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置access_token&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>在github个人设置页面找到开发者设置</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421224529199.png" alt="image-20220421224529199"></p><ol start="2"><li>选择个人access tokens，选择生成新token</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421224739995.png" alt="image-20220421224739995"></p><ol start="3"><li>将生成好的token保存，关闭页面后将不会再显示此token，然后回到仓库保存</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421224939828.png" alt="repo"></p><h3 id="deploy-sh" tabindex="-1">Deploy.sh <a class="header-anchor" href="#deploy-sh" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Deploy.sh&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/usr/bin/env sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确保脚本抛出遇到的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成静态文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">npm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 进入生成的文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docs/.vuepress/dist</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果是发布到自定义域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;blog.storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CNAME</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-z</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;\${</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">GITHUB_TOKEN</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;GITHUB_TOKEN is not set&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  msg</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;github actions自动部署&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  githubUrl</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://storyxc:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">\${GITHUB_TOKEN}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">@github.com/storyxc/vuepress.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">user.name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">user.email</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc@163.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">init</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">commit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;\${</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">msg</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $githubUrl </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">master:gh-pages</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">-</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/usr/bin/env sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确保脚本抛出遇到的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成静态文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">npm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 进入生成的文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docs/.vuepress/dist</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果是发布到自定义域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;blog.storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CNAME</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-z</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;\${</span><span style="color:#24292E;">GITHUB_TOKEN</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;GITHUB_TOKEN is not set&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  msg</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;github actions自动部署&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  githubUrl</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://storyxc:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">\${GITHUB_TOKEN}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">@github.com/storyxc/vuepress.git</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">user.name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">user.email</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc@163.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">init</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">commit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;\${</span><span style="color:#24292E;">msg</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $githubUrl </span><span style="color:#032F62;">master:gh-pages</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">-</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>这里我是用了github pages发布，然后配置了自定义域名，这个域名要在服务商域名解析配置CNAME，然后在仓库的page页面添加自定义域名即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421230458141.png" alt="image-20220421230458141"></p></blockquote><h2 id="流程梳理" tabindex="-1">流程梳理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程梳理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程梳理&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>配置workflow，推送代码到触发job的分支</li><li>github actions会根据workflow中的配置拉代码，打包，然后调用deploy.sh，将生成的静态文件推送到gh-page分支</li><li>gh-page分支配置github page，自定义域名</li></ul>`,23),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const d=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_env_\344\275\277\347\224\250github actions\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\214\201\347\273\255\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.b2ebd861.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_env_\344\275\277\347\224\250github actions\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\214\201\347\273\255\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.b2ebd861.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c5338378
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_env_\344\275\277\347\224\250github actions\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\214\201\347\273\255\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.b2ebd861.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"使用github actions进行持续部署","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/env/使用github actions进行持续部署.md","filePath":"actions/env/使用github actions进行持续部署.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/env/使用github actions进行持续部署.md"},o=l("",23),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const d=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git a/assets/actions_index.md.dfdbbd45.js b/assets/actions_index.md.dfdbbd45.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c2919070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/actions_index.md.dfdbbd45.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as a,c as n,k as e,a as s}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const x=JSON.parse('{"title":"Actions","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/index.md","filePath":"actions/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"actions/index.md"},i=e("h1",{id:"actions",tabindex:"-1"},[s("Actions "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#actions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Actions"'},"​")],-1),c=e("ul",null,[e("li",null,"工具"),e("li",null,"环境"),e("li",null,"设计模式")],-1),l=[i,c];function r(d,_,p,h,m,u){return a(),n("div",null,l)}const k=t(o,[["render",r]]);export{x as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git a/assets/actions_index.md.dfdbbd45.lean.js b/assets/actions_index.md.dfdbbd45.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c2919070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/actions_index.md.dfdbbd45.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as a,c as n,k as e,a as s}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const x=JSON.parse('{"title":"Actions","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/index.md","filePath":"actions/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"actions/index.md"},i=e("h1",{id:"actions",tabindex:"-1"},[s("Actions "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#actions","aria-label":'Permalink to "Actions"'},"​")],-1),c=e("ul",null,[e("li",null,"工具"),e("li",null,"环境"),e("li",null,"设计模式")],-1),l=[i,c];function r(d,_,p,h,m,u){return a(),n("div",null,l)}const k=t(o,[["render",r]]);export{x as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_Markdown\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a51ed1b8.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_Markdown\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a51ed1b8.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2ad497df
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_Markdown\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a51ed1b8.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"Markdown基础语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/Markdown基础语法.md","filePath":"actions/tools/Markdown基础语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"actions/tools/Markdown基础语法.md"},p=e(`<h1 id="markdown基础语法" tabindex="-1">Markdown基础语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#markdown基础语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Markdown基础语法&quot;">​</a></h1><p>Markdown 是一种轻量级标记语言，它允许人们使用易读易写的纯文本格式编写文档。</p><p>Markdown 语言在 2004 由约翰·格鲁伯（英语：John Gruber）创建。</p><p>Markdown 编写的文档可以导出 HTML 、Word、图像、PDF、Epub 等多种格式的文档。</p><p>Markdown 编写的文档后缀为 .md, .markdown。</p><h2 id="一、标题" tabindex="-1">一、标题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#一、标题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;一、标题&quot;">​</a></h2><p>示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># 一级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## 二级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">### 三级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">#### 四级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">##### 五级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">###### 六级标题</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># 一级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## 二级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">### 三级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">#### 四级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">##### 五级标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">###### 六级标题</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="二、字体" tabindex="-1">二、字体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#二、字体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;二、字体&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>加粗 要加粗的文字左右分别用两个*号包起来</p></li><li><p>斜体 要倾斜的文字左右分别用一个*号包起来</p></li><li><p>斜体加粗 要倾斜和加粗的文字左右分别用三个*号包起来</p></li><li><p>删除线 要加删除线的文字左右分别用两个~~号包起来</p></li></ul><p>示例：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">**这是加粗的文字**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">*这是倾斜的文字*\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">***这是斜体加粗的文字***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">~~这是加删除线的文字~~</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">**这是加粗的文字**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">*这是倾斜的文字*\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">***这是斜体加粗的文字***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">~~这是加删除线的文字~~</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果: <strong>这是加粗的文字</strong><em>这是倾斜的文字</em>\` <em><strong>这是斜体加粗的文字</strong></em><s>这是加删除线的文字</s></p><h2 id="三、引用" tabindex="-1">三、引用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#三、引用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;三、引用&quot;">​</a></h2><p>只需要在你希望引用的文字前面加上 <code>&gt;</code> 就好，例如：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果如下:</p><blockquote><p>这是一条引用</p></blockquote><p>引用还可以进行多级嵌套</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">&gt;&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">&gt;&gt;&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">&gt;&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">&gt;&gt;&gt; 这是一条引用</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果:</p><blockquote><p>这是一条引用</p><blockquote><p>这是一条引用</p><blockquote><p>这是一条引用</p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><h2 id="四、分割线" tabindex="-1">四、分割线 <a class="header-anchor" href="#四、分割线" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;四、分割线&quot;">​</a></h2><p>三个或者三个以上的 - 或者 * 都可以。</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">----</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">*****</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">----</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">***</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">*****</span></span></code></pre></div><hr><hr><hr><hr><h2 id="五、图片" tabindex="-1">五、图片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#五、图片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;五、图片&quot;">​</a></h2><p>语法:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">![图片alt](图片地址 &#39;&#39;图片title&#39;&#39;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">图片alt就是显示在图片下面的文字，相当于对图片内容的解释。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">图片title是图片的标题，当鼠标移到图片上时显示的内容。title可加可不加</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">![图片alt](图片地址 &#39;&#39;图片title&#39;&#39;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">图片alt就是显示在图片下面的文字，相当于对图片内容的解释。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">图片title是图片的标题，当鼠标移到图片上时显示的内容。title可加可不加</span></span></code></pre></div><p>示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">![示例图片alt](http://io.storyxc.com/images/MegellanicCloud_ZH-CN5132305226_1920x1080.jpg &#39;示例图片title&#39;)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">![示例图片alt](http://io.storyxc.com/images/MegellanicCloud_ZH-CN5132305226_1920x1080.jpg &#39;示例图片title&#39;)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果: <img src="http://io.storyxc.com/images/MegellanicCloud_ZH-CN5132305226_1920x1080.jpg" alt="示例图片alt" title="示例图片title"></p><h2 id="六、超链接" tabindex="-1">六、超链接 <a class="header-anchor" href="#六、超链接" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;六、超链接&quot;">​</a></h2><p>语法:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">[超链接名](超链接地址 &quot;超链接title&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">title可加可不加</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">[超链接名](超链接地址 &quot;超链接title&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">title可加可不加</span></span></code></pre></div><p>示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">[故事的博客](https://www.storyxc.com &quot;故事的博客&quot;)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">[故事的博客](https://www.storyxc.com &quot;故事的博客&quot;)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果 <a href="https://www.storyxc.com" title="故事的博客" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">故事的博客</a></p><h2 id="七、列表" tabindex="-1">七、列表 <a class="header-anchor" href="#七、列表" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;七、列表&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>无序列表</strong> 语法： 无序列表用 - + * 任何一种都可以 示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- 列表1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">+ 列表2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">* 列表3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- 列表1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">+ 列表2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">* 列表3</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果</p><ul><li>列表1</li></ul><ul><li>列表2</li></ul><ul><li>列表3</li></ul><p><strong>有序列表</strong> 语法： 数字加点 示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">1. 111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2. 222</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">3. 333</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">1. 111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2. 222</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">3. 333</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果:</p><ol><li>111</li><li>222</li><li>333</li></ol><p><strong>列表嵌套</strong></p><p>上一级和下一级之间tab即可</p><ul><li>第一层 <ul><li>第二层 <ul><li>第三层</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="八、表格" tabindex="-1">八、表格 <a class="header-anchor" href="#八、表格" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;八、表格&quot;">​</a></h2><p>语法:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">表头|表头|表头</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">---|:--:|---:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">内容|内容|内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">内容|内容|内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">第二行分割表头和内容。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- 有一个就行，为了对齐，多加了几个</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">文字默认居左</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">-两边加：表示文字居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">-右边加：表示文字居右</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">注：原生的语法两边都要用 | 包起来。此处省略</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">姓名|技能|排行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">--|:--:|--:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">刘备|哭|大哥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">关羽|打|二哥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">张飞|骂|三弟</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">表头|表头|表头</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">---|:--:|---:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">内容|内容|内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">内容|内容|内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">第二行分割表头和内容。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- 有一个就行，为了对齐，多加了几个</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">文字默认居左</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">-两边加：表示文字居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">-右边加：表示文字居右</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">注：原生的语法两边都要用 | 包起来。此处省略</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">姓名|技能|排行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">--|:--:|--:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">刘备|哭|大哥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">关羽|打|二哥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">张飞|骂|三弟</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果:</p><table><thead><tr><th>姓名</th><th style="text-align:center;">技能</th><th style="text-align:right;">排行</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>刘备</td><td style="text-align:center;">哭</td><td style="text-align:right;">大哥</td></tr><tr><td>关羽</td><td style="text-align:center;">打</td><td style="text-align:right;">二哥</td></tr><tr><td>张飞</td><td style="text-align:center;">骂</td><td style="text-align:right;">三弟</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="九、代码块" tabindex="-1">九、代码块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#九、代码块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;九、代码块&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>单行代码：代码之间分别用一个反引号包起来</li></ul><p>示例:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">\`这是一行代码\`</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">\`这是一行代码\`</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果: <code>这是一行代码</code></p><ul><li>代码块 语法: <strong>使用时把括号去掉</strong></li></ul><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">(\`\`\`)语言名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">(\`\`\`)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">(\`\`\`)语言名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">(\`\`\`)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>示例:以java为例</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">(\`\`\`)java</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	public class HelloWorld{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">		public static void main(Stringargs[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">			System.out.println(&quot;Hello World!&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">(\`\`\`)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">(\`\`\`)java</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	public class HelloWorld{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">		public static void main(Stringargs[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">			System.out.println(&quot;Hello World!&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">(\`\`\`)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HelloWorld</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HelloWorld</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,71),t=[p];function o(c,i,r,d,y,h){return a(),n("div",null,t)}const b=s(l,[["render",o]]);export{u as __pageData,b as default};
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new file mode 100644
index 000000000..276738bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_Markdown\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a51ed1b8.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"Markdown基础语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/Markdown基础语法.md","filePath":"actions/tools/Markdown基础语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"actions/tools/Markdown基础语法.md"},p=e("",71),t=[p];function o(c,i,r,d,y,h){return a(),n("div",null,t)}const b=s(l,[["render",o]]);export{u as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git a/assets/actions_tools_Sketch.md.184785be.js b/assets/actions_tools_Sketch.md.184785be.js
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/assets/actions_tools_Sketch.md.184785be.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Sketch","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/Sketch.md","filePath":"actions/tools/Sketch.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),c={name:"actions/tools/Sketch.md"},i=l('<h1 id="sketch" tabindex="-1">Sketch <a class="header-anchor" href="#sketch" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Sketch&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="快捷键" tabindex="-1">快捷键 <a class="header-anchor" href="#快捷键" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;快捷键&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="画布" tabindex="-1">画布 <a class="header-anchor" href="#画布" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;画布&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>参考线<code>ctrl+R</code></li><li>缩放<code>z</code>/<code>option+z</code></li><li>拖动画布<code>space</code></li><li>锁定图层<code>cmd+shift+l</code></li><li>包含框选<code>选择拖动+option</code></li></ul><h3 id="形状工具" tabindex="-1">形状工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#形状工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;形状工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>矩形<code>R</code></p></li><li><p>椭圆<code>O</code></p></li><li><p>圆角矩形<code>U</code>：也可以使用矩形，然后拖动四角的点实现</p></li><li><p>直线<code>L</code></p></li><li><p>形状选中后在边角点位处按住<code>cmd</code>可以旋转</p></li><li><p>双击形状进入编辑模式，可以编辑形状，鼠标点击边框线可增加锚点进行调整</p></li><li><p>选中按住<code>option</code>拖动可以直接复制、<code>cmd+d</code>可以重复复制动作进行等距复制</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>以上工具可以按住<code>option</code>使用扩散的绘制效果</p></blockquote><h3 id="样式工具" tabindex="-1">样式工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#样式工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;样式工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>f</code>切换填充</li><li><code>b</code>切换边框</li><li><code>ctrl+c</code>吸色工具</li></ul><h3 id="矢量工具" tabindex="-1">矢量工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#矢量工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;矢量工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>v</code>钢笔</li><li><code>p</code>铅笔</li></ul><h3 id="文字工具" tabindex="-1">文字工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文字工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文字工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>t+点</code>文本</li><li><code>t+框选</code>段落文本</li></ul><h3 id="画板" tabindex="-1">画板 <a class="header-anchor" href="#画板" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;画板&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>a</code>创建画板</li></ul><h3 id="切片工具" tabindex="-1">切片工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切片工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切片工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>s</code>切片</li></ul><h3 id="编辑工具" tabindex="-1">编辑工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#编辑工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编辑工具&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>ctrl+cmd+m</code>蒙版工具</p></li><li><p><code>cmd+k</code>缩放工具</p></li><li><p><code>cmd+option+o</code>轮廓</p></li></ul>',19),d=[i];function t(r,h,n,s,u,p){return o(),a("div",null,d)}const k=e(c,[["render",t]]);export{m as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git a/assets/actions_tools_Sketch.md.184785be.lean.js b/assets/actions_tools_Sketch.md.184785be.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5bf9df36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/actions_tools_Sketch.md.184785be.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Sketch","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/Sketch.md","filePath":"actions/tools/Sketch.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),c={name:"actions/tools/Sketch.md"},i=l("",19),d=[i];function t(r,h,n,s,u,p){return o(),a("div",null,d)}const k=e(c,[["render",t]]);export{m as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_Typora\343\200\201PicGo\343\200\201\344\270\203\347\211\233\344\272\221\345\256\236\347\216\260markdown\345\233\276\347\211\207\350\207\252\345\212\250\344\270\212\344\274\240\345\233\276\345\272\212.md.ed16a50c.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_Typora\343\200\201PicGo\343\200\201\344\270\203\347\211\233\344\272\221\345\256\236\347\216\260markdown\345\233\276\347\211\207\350\207\252\345\212\250\344\270\212\344\274\240\345\233\276\345\272\212.md.ed16a50c.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..101047df3
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_Typora\343\200\201PicGo\343\200\201\344\270\203\347\211\233\344\272\221\345\256\236\347\216\260markdown\345\233\276\347\211\207\350\207\252\345\212\250\344\270\212\344\274\240\345\233\276\345\272\212.md.ed16a50c.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o,c as e,Q as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床.md","filePath":"actions/tools/Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),r={name:"actions/tools/Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床.md"},i=t('<h1 id="typora、picgo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床" tabindex="-1">Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床 <a class="header-anchor" href="#typora、picgo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>由于最近刚把博客迁到VuePress上来，写博客从原来自己博客项目自定义的web端Markdown编辑器换回了原来的<strong>Typora</strong>，这个文本编辑工具虽然很好用，但是在markdown中插入图片的时候就会碰到比较烦的问题，可能随便截了个图放在桌面了，在markdown中引入的话还要先把图片放到vuepress项目的静态资源文件夹里面。原来我自己开发的博客编辑器是通过axios调用后台接口把图片传到七牛云图床上去，现在换了博客框架原来的方案不好使了。之前typora也没有这方面的支持。不过我发现typora更新之后也支持了添加图片后的事件触发。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210410202031986.png" alt="image-20210410202031986"></p><p>选项还是很多样的，为typora点赞。</p><p>这里我还是选择了上传到图床，上传支持PicGo和自定义脚本，本来打算写个python脚本的，后来发现picgo这个应用也很好用，那就直接拿过来用吧。</p><h2 id="配置picgo" tabindex="-1">配置picgo <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置picgo" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置picgo&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="通过gui配置" tabindex="-1">通过gui配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过gui配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过gui配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="_1-下载picgo" tabindex="-1">1.下载picgo <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-下载picgo" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.下载picgo&quot;">​</a></h4><p>点击<a href="https://github.com/Molunerfinn/PicGo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">PicGo</a> 进入仓库下载，这里选择windows版的执行程序，下载之后打开</p><h4 id="_2-申请七牛云账号配置存储空间" tabindex="-1">2.申请七牛云账号配置存储空间 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-申请七牛云账号配置存储空间" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.申请七牛云账号配置存储空间&quot;">​</a></h4><p>没有图床的可以搜一下相关教程，这里不再赘述</p><h4 id="_3-配置图床信息" tabindex="-1">3.配置图床信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-配置图床信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.配置图床信息&quot;">​</a></h4><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210410202814211.png" alt="image-20210410202814211"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210413020009764.png" alt="image-20210413020009764"></p><p>选择七牛云图床、或者自己选择其他图床也许，按照自己情况来。</p><ul><li>七牛云的AccessKey和SecretKey在七牛云的密钥管理界面</li><li>储存空间名就是自己的对象存储里面的具体某个空间名</li><li>访问网址如果你有配自定义的cdn就填cdn，如果没有那就是原生的地址，在空间概览页面，不要忘了加上协议<a href="http://xn--https-wm6jl44o" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://或者https</a>😕/</li><li>存储区域指的是华南华北这些地区对应的编号，具体对应值见下图，比如我是华南，存储区域就填z2</li><li>设置完成后不要忘记点一下设为默认图床，否则默认不会用七牛云的，其他图床同理</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210410203157833.png" alt="image-20210410203157833"></p><h4 id="_4-回到typora测试一下吧" tabindex="-1">4.回到typora测试一下吧 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-回到typora测试一下吧" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.回到typora测试一下吧&quot;">​</a></h4><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210410203327770.png" alt="image-20210410203327770"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210410203412022.png" alt="image-20210410203412022"></p><p>先验证一下，可以看到成功了。这样再在typora中添加图片就可以看到图片会自动上传到你的图床并修改markdown中的地址了。</p><h3 id="通过picgo-core配置" tabindex="-1">通过picgo-core配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过picgo-core配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过picgo-core配置&quot;">​</a></h3><p>npm安装picgo-core：<code>npm install -g picgo</code></p><p>配置uploader：<code>picgo set uploader</code></p><p>使用uploader：<code>picgo use uploader</code></p><blockquote><p>配置文件地址为~/.picgo/config.json，可以手动修改</p></blockquote><p>配置完成后在typora中配置自定义命令上传，命令格式 <code>node_path picgo_path upload</code>例如我的是<code>/opt/homebrew/bin/node /opt/homebrew/bin/picgo upload</code></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220214180934655.png" alt="image-20220214180934655"></p><p>验证上传选项，看到返回图片地址即可</p>',30),p=[i];function c(l,n,s,d,g,h){return o(),e("div",null,p)}const u=a(r,[["render",c]]);export{_ as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_Typora\343\200\201PicGo\343\200\201\344\270\203\347\211\233\344\272\221\345\256\236\347\216\260markdown\345\233\276\347\211\207\350\207\252\345\212\250\344\270\212\344\274\240\345\233\276\345\272\212.md.ed16a50c.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_Typora\343\200\201PicGo\343\200\201\344\270\203\347\211\233\344\272\221\345\256\236\347\216\260markdown\345\233\276\347\211\207\350\207\252\345\212\250\344\270\212\344\274\240\345\233\276\345\272\212.md.ed16a50c.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06fd7ae78
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_Typora\343\200\201PicGo\343\200\201\344\270\203\347\211\233\344\272\221\345\256\236\347\216\260markdown\345\233\276\347\211\207\350\207\252\345\212\250\344\270\212\344\274\240\345\233\276\345\272\212.md.ed16a50c.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o,c as e,Q as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床.md","filePath":"actions/tools/Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),r={name:"actions/tools/Typora、PicGo、七牛云实现markdown图片自动上传图床.md"},i=t("",30),p=[i];function c(l,n,s,d,g,h){return o(),e("div",null,p)}const u=a(r,[["render",c]]);export{_ as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_book-searcher\347\224\265\345\255\220\344\271\246\351\225\234\345\203\217.md.17baad70.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_book-searcher\347\224\265\345\255\220\344\271\246\351\225\234\345\203\217.md.17baad70.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c97e3aad
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_book-searcher\347\224\265\345\255\220\344\271\246\351\225\234\345\203\217.md.17baad70.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"book-searcher电子书镜像站点","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/book-searcher电子书镜像.md","filePath":"actions/tools/book-searcher电子书镜像.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"actions/tools/book-searcher电子书镜像.md"},l=e(`<h1 id="book-searcher电子书镜像站点" tabindex="-1">book-searcher电子书镜像站点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#book-searcher电子书镜像站点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;book-searcher电子书镜像站点&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>项目地址：<a href="https://github.com/book-searcher-org/book-searcher" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/book-searcher-org/book-searcher</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="docker-compose-yml" tabindex="-1">docker-compose.yml <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-compose-yml" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker-compose.yml&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">book-searcher</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ghcr.io/book-searcher-org/book-searcher:latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">book-searcher</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">always</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;7070:7070&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./index:/index</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">book-searcher</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ghcr.io/book-searcher-org/book-searcher:latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">book-searcher</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">always</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;7070:7070&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./index:/index</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="下载index文件" tabindex="-1">下载index文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载index文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载index文件&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p><a href="https://zh.annas-archive.org/datasets" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://zh.annas-archive.org/datasets</a></p><p><a href="https://onedrive.caomingjun.com/zh-CN/%F0%9F%96%A5%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/zlib-searcher/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://onedrive.caomingjun.com/zh-CN/🖥软件/zlib-searcher/</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="启动容器配置ipfs网关" tabindex="-1">启动容器配置IPFS网关 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动容器配置ipfs网关" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动容器配置IPFS网关&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">https://cloudflare-ipfs.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">https://dweb.link</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">https://ipfs.io</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">https://dw.oho.im</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">https://cloudflare-ipfs.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">https://dweb.link</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">https://ipfs.io</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">https://dw.oho.im</span></span></code></pre></div>`,8),p=[l];function r(t,c,i,h,E,y){return a(),n("div",null,p)}const k=s(o,[["render",r]]);export{b as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_book-searcher\347\224\265\345\255\220\344\271\246\351\225\234\345\203\217.md.17baad70.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_book-searcher\347\224\265\345\255\220\344\271\246\351\225\234\345\203\217.md.17baad70.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4413a1e2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_book-searcher\347\224\265\345\255\220\344\271\246\351\225\234\345\203\217.md.17baad70.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"book-searcher电子书镜像站点","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/book-searcher电子书镜像.md","filePath":"actions/tools/book-searcher电子书镜像.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"actions/tools/book-searcher电子书镜像.md"},l=e("",8),p=[l];function r(t,c,i,h,E,y){return a(),n("div",null,p)}const k=s(o,[["render",r]]);export{b as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_git\345\221\275\344\273\244\346\225\264\347\220\206.md.9611d71f.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_git\345\221\275\344\273\244\346\225\264\347\220\206.md.9611d71f.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5268cdb0f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_git\345\221\275\344\273\244\346\225\264\347\220\206.md.9611d71f.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import{_ as e,o,c as t,Q as c}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"git命令整理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/git命令整理.md","filePath":"actions/tools/git命令整理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),a={name:"actions/tools/git命令整理.md"},p=c(`<h1 id="git命令整理" tabindex="-1">git命令整理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#git命令整理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;git命令整理&quot;">​</a></h1><p>版本控制工具一直用的GIT，之前提交代码都是用IDEA集成的GIT可视化工具，命令行几乎不怎么用，由于接下来项目要整合到微服务平台中，项目代码管理也要迁到Gerrit，idea的集成支持不太好，所以整理下GIT的命令，方便后面使用命令行提交代码。 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//18087435-2b52aaf65be47442.jpg" alt="180874352b52aaf65be47442.jpg"></p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Remote:远程仓库</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Reporsitory:本地仓库</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">WorkSpace:工作区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Index:暂存区</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Remote:远程仓库</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Reporsitory:本地仓库</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">WorkSpace:工作区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Index:暂存区</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="撤回修改" tabindex="-1">撤回修改 <a class="header-anchor" href="#撤回修改" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;撤回修改&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><code>git commit --amend</code> :提交完发现漏掉了几个文件没有添加，或者提交信息写错了,此时，可以运行带有 --amend 选项的提交命令来重新提交</p></li><li><p><code>git checkout -- &lt;file&gt;</code> 把<code>readme.txt</code>文件在工作区的修改全部撤销，这里有两种情况：</p><p>一种是<code>readme.txt</code>自修改后还没有被放到暂存区，现在，撤销修改就回到和版本库一模一样的状态；</p><p>一种是<code>readme.txt</code>已经添加到暂存区后，又作了修改，现在，撤销修改就回到添加到暂存区后的状态。</p></li><li><p><code>git reset [--soft | --mixed | --hard] [HEAD]</code></p><ul><li>使用soft只会移动HEAD到上一个版本,可以理解为撤回上一次commit,暂存区和工作区不受影响</li><li>使用mixed在移动HEAD到上一个版本,并且回退暂存区的内容,工作区不受影响</li><li>使用hard,除了移动HEAD指针,取消暂存内容,还会覆盖回退工作区内容,属于比较危险的命令,谨慎使用</li><li>不加括号中的参数 默认参数为mixed, 如果想回退多个版本可以修改为HEAD^^^或HEAD~3代表回退3个版本,依此类推</li></ul></li><li><p>关于<code>git checkout</code>和<code>git reset</code>建议看下这篇文章,<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2/Git-%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7-%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%8F%AD%E5%AF%86#_git_reset" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">git重置</a></p></li></ul><h2 id="切换分支" tabindex="-1">切换分支 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切换分支" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切换分支&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>git checkout branch_name</code></p><p>切换分之前要注意本地分支是否有未commit的文件，如果有可以撤销改动，或者commit，再或者使用git stash将当前分支的改动临时保存起来，使当前分支的工作空间和暂存区变干净。然后再进行切换分支；切换回之前的分支，需要恢复被临时保存的改动</p><h2 id="暂存和恢复本地修改" tabindex="-1">暂存和恢复本地修改 <a class="header-anchor" href="#暂存和恢复本地修改" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;暂存和恢复本地修改&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>git stash -u</code></p><p>恢复本地修改:</p><p>1.先查看有多少个临时保存的改动</p><p><code>git stash list</code></p><p>2.再用<code>git stash apply --index stash@{n}</code>，n为使用git stash list查看到的某个改动的数字</p><p>3.再用<code>git stash drop stash@{n}</code>删除临时保存的改动</p><p>如果只有一个临时的stash，那么可以直接<code>git stash apply</code>即可恢复上次的临时保存记录</p><h2 id="创建本地分支" tabindex="-1">创建本地分支 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建本地分支" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建本地分支&quot;">​</a></h2><p>基于本地master分支创建test分支为例：</p><p>先切换到master分支：<code>git checkout master</code></p><p>建分支： <code>git branch test</code></p><p>切分支：<code>git checkout test</code></p><p>或者</p><p>建分支后切到该分支：<code>git checkout -b test master</code></p><p>以基于某次commit id创建test分支为例：</p><p><code>git checkout -b test 0faceff</code></p><p>其中的0faceff为commit id的前7位</p><p>以基于某个tag创建test分支为例</p><p><code>git checkout -b test v0.1.0</code></p><p>v0.1.0为tag的名称</p><h2 id="查看分支" tabindex="-1">查看分支 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看分支" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看分支&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>git branch</code>: 只显示本地分支名，当前分支名前有星号</p><p><code>git branch -v</code>：显示本地分支名，当前分支前有星号，显示commit id</p><p><code>git branch -vv</code>：显示本地分支名，当前分支名前有星号，显示commit id，显示追踪的远程分支名</p><p><code>git branch -a</code>：显示所有分支名（包括远程分支）</p><p><code>git branch -r</code>：查看远程分支名</p><h2 id="删除本地分支" tabindex="-1">删除本地分支 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除本地分支" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除本地分支&quot;">​</a></h2><p>普通删除：<code>git branch -d branch_name</code></p><p>强制删除（分支上有修改未合并到其他分支）：<code>git branch -D branch_name</code></p><h2 id="更新代码" tabindex="-1">更新代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#更新代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;更新代码&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>git pull</code>或者<code>git fetch</code></p><p><code>git pull -v --progress &quot;origin&quot;</code>命令可以显示更详细的信息，git pull命令会fetch所有的远程分支的信息到本地，同时当前本地分支会被合并。</p><p>如果本地有修改文件，而且远程仓库也修改了该文件，pull会失败，提示本地的修改会被合并覆盖，此时可以commit本地的修改或者stash本地的修改，再pull。</p><h2 id="修改代码" tabindex="-1">修改代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改代码&quot;">​</a></h2><p>首先使用<code>git checkout branch_name</code>切换到正确分支，pull，新建或修改代码，再使用git add 文件名把修改或新增的文件添加到暂存区，再执行commit命令提交到本地仓库。</p><p>其中:</p><p><code>git add 某个文件</code></p><p><code>git add 多个文件</code>（文件名用空格隔开）</p><p><code>git add -u </code>添加所有修改的文件到暂存区</p><p><code>git add .</code>添加所有修改和新增的文件到暂存区</p><p><code>git add -A</code>：添加所有修改，新增和删除的文件到暂存区</p><p><code>git commit 文件名 -m &quot;注释&quot;</code>：commit某个文件</p><p><code>git commit 文件1 文件2 -m &quot;注释&quot;</code> commit多个文件，用空格隔开</p><p><code>git commit -m &quot;注释&quot;</code>commit所有文件</p><p>如果是删除文件，可以使用</p><p><code>rm 文件</code></p><p><code>git add 文件</code></p><p><code>git commit 文件 -m &quot;注释&quot;</code></p><p>如果是重命名文件或者移动文件，可以使用</p><p><code>git mv 源文件路径 目标文件路径</code></p><p><code>git commit 文件 -m &quot;注释&quot;</code></p><ul><li><strong>每次编辑前先进行pull操作，避免再push时产生合并冲突</strong></li></ul><h3 id="push代码带远程仓库" tabindex="-1">push代码带远程仓库 <a class="header-anchor" href="#push代码带远程仓库" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;push代码带远程仓库&quot;">​</a></h3><p>本地代码从本地branch_name分支推到远端branch_name分支：</p><p><code>git checkout branch_name</code></p><p><code>git pull</code></p><p><code>git push origin HEAD:refs/for/branch_name</code></p><p>或者</p><p><code>git checkout branch_name</code></p><p><code>git pull</code></p><p><code>git push origin branch_name:refs/for/branch_name</code></p><h3 id="查看信息" tabindex="-1">查看信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看信息&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong><code>git status</code> 显示有变更的文件</strong></p><p><strong><code>git log</code> 显示当前分支的版本历史</strong></p><p><code>git log --stat</code> 显示commit历史，以及每次commit发生变更的文件</p><p><code>git log -S [keyword] </code>搜索提交历史，根据关键词</p><p><code>git log [tag] HEAD --pretty=format:%s</code> 显示某个commit之后的所有变动，每个commit占据一行</p><p><code>git log [tag] HEAD --grep feature</code> 显示某个commit之后的所有变动，其&quot;提交说明&quot;必须符合搜索条件</p><p><code>git log -p [file] </code>显示指定文件相关的每一次diff</p><p><code>git log -5 --pretty --oneline</code> 显示过去5次提交</p><p><code>git shortlog -sn </code>显示所有提交过的用户，按提交次数排序</p><p><code>git blame [file]</code> 显示指定文件是什么人在什么时间修改过</p><p><strong><code>git diff</code> 显示暂存区和工作区的代码差异</strong></p><p><code>git diff --cached [file]</code> 显示暂存区和上一个commit的差异</p><p><code>git diff HEAD</code> 显示工作区与当前分支最新commit之间的差异</p><p><code>git diff [first-branch]...[second-branch]</code> 显示两次提交之间的差异</p><p><code>git diff --shortstat &quot;@{0 day ago}&quot; </code>显示今天你写了多少行代码</p><p><code>git show [commit]</code> 显示某次提交的元数据和内容变化</p><p><code>git show --name-only [commit] </code>显示某次提交发生变化的文件</p><p><code>git show [commit]:[filename] </code>显示某次提交时，某个文件的内容</p><p><code>git rebase [branch] </code>从本地master拉取代码更新当前分支：branch 一般为master</p><h2 id="fetch-vs-pull" tabindex="-1">fetch vs pull <a class="header-anchor" href="#fetch-vs-pull" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;fetch vs pull&quot;">​</a></h2><p>git fetch是将远程的最新内容拉到本地，用户在检查了以后决定是否合并到本地分支中。 而git pull 则是将远程的最新内容拉下来后直接合并，即：git pull = git fetch + git merge，这样可能会产生冲突，需要手动解决。</p>`,92),i=[p];function d(s,l,r,n,h,g){return o(),t("div",null,i)}const f=e(a,[["render",d]]);export{u as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_git\345\221\275\344\273\244\346\225\264\347\220\206.md.9611d71f.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_git\345\221\275\344\273\244\346\225\264\347\220\206.md.9611d71f.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db7a8baff
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_git\345\221\275\344\273\244\346\225\264\347\220\206.md.9611d71f.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o,c as t,Q as c}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"git命令整理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/git命令整理.md","filePath":"actions/tools/git命令整理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),a={name:"actions/tools/git命令整理.md"},p=c("",92),i=[p];function d(s,l,r,n,h,g){return o(),t("div",null,i)}const f=e(a,[["render",d]]);export{u as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\345\220\210oh-my-zsh\351\205\215\347\275\256\344\270\252\346\200\247\344\270\273\351\242\230\347\273\210\347\253\257.md.f6e67d40.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\345\220\210oh-my-zsh\351\205\215\347\275\256\344\270\252\346\200\247\344\270\273\351\242\230\347\273\210\347\253\257.md.f6e67d40.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edcae700a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\345\220\210oh-my-zsh\351\205\215\347\275\256\344\270\252\346\200\247\344\270\273\351\242\230\347\273\210\347\253\257.md.f6e67d40.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as s,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端.md","filePath":"actions/tools/iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),t={name:"actions/tools/iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端.md"},l=o(`<h1 id="iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端" tabindex="-1">iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="安装iterm2" tabindex="-1">安装iterm2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装iterm2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装iterm2&quot;">​</a></h2><p>官网下载：<a href="https://iterm2.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://iterm2.com/</a></p><h2 id="安装oh-my-zsh" tabindex="-1">安装oh my zsh <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装oh-my-zsh" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装oh my zsh&quot;">​</a></h2><p>官网：<a href="https://ohmyz.sh/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://ohmyz.sh/</a></p><p>安装脚本：<code>sh -c &quot;$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)&quot;</code></p><p>因为网络原因无法执行这个脚本的可以找gitee上的国内源</p><h2 id="更改iterm2的主题颜色为dracula" tabindex="-1">更改iterm2的主题颜色为dracula <a class="header-anchor" href="#更改iterm2的主题颜色为dracula" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;更改iterm2的主题颜色为dracula&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="在iterm2的dracula主题仓库中下载color文件" tabindex="-1">在iterm2的dracula主题仓库中下载color文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在iterm2的dracula主题仓库中下载color文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在iterm2的dracula主题仓库中下载color文件&quot;">​</a></h3><p>仓库地址：<code> https://github.com/dracula/iterm.git</code></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211119150619779.png" alt="image-20211119150619779"></p><h3 id="打开iterm2导入刚下载的color文件" tabindex="-1">打开iterm2导入刚下载的color文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#打开iterm2导入刚下载的color文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;打开iterm2导入刚下载的color文件&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211119150804269.png" alt="image-20211119150804269"></p><p>如图，导入完之后就可以选择导入的dracula主题颜色</p><h2 id="安装命令高亮插件" tabindex="-1">安装命令高亮插件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装命令高亮插件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装命令高亮插件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="clone代码到本地" tabindex="-1">clone代码到本地 <a class="header-anchor" href="#clone代码到本地" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;clone代码到本地&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting ~/.zsh/zsh-syntax-highlighting</code></p><h3 id="修改-zshrc配置" tabindex="-1">修改.zshrc配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改-zshrc配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改.zshrc配置&quot;">​</a></h3><p>添加配置：<code>source ~/.zsh/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh</code></p><h3 id="效果" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211119151720033.png" alt="image-20211119151720033"></p><h2 id="安装历史指令提示插件" tabindex="-1">安装历史指令提示插件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装历史指令提示插件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装历史指令提示插件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="clone代码到本地-1" tabindex="-1">clone代码到本地 <a class="header-anchor" href="#clone代码到本地-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;clone代码到本地&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ~/.zsh/zsh-autosuggestions</code></p><h3 id="修改-zshrc配置-1" tabindex="-1">修改.zshrc配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改-zshrc配置-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改.zshrc配置&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>source ~/.zsh/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh</code></p><h2 id="powerlevel10k主题" tabindex="-1">powerlevel10k主题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#powerlevel10k主题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;powerlevel10k主题&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k</a></p></blockquote><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">clone</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--depth=1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/powerlevel10k</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;source ~/powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/.zshrc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">p10k</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">configure</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">clone</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--depth=1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/powerlevel10k</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;source ~/powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/.zshrc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">p10k</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">configure</span></span></code></pre></div>`,29),r=[l];function n(h,c,p,i,m,d){return e(),s("div",null,r)}const y=a(t,[["render",n]]);export{g as __pageData,y as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\345\220\210oh-my-zsh\351\205\215\347\275\256\344\270\252\346\200\247\344\270\273\351\242\230\347\273\210\347\253\257.md.f6e67d40.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\345\220\210oh-my-zsh\351\205\215\347\275\256\344\270\252\346\200\247\344\270\273\351\242\230\347\273\210\347\253\257.md.f6e67d40.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6801016a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\345\220\210oh-my-zsh\351\205\215\347\275\256\344\270\252\346\200\247\344\270\273\351\242\230\347\273\210\347\253\257.md.f6e67d40.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as s,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端.md","filePath":"actions/tools/iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),t={name:"actions/tools/iterm2配合oh-my-zsh配置个性主题终端.md"},l=o("",29),r=[l];function n(h,c,p,i,m,d){return e(),s("div",null,r)}const y=a(t,[["render",n]]);export{g as __pageData,y as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\347\275\256ssh\345\277\253\351\200\237\350\277\236\346\216\245.md.29e7fa0c.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\347\275\256ssh\345\277\253\351\200\237\350\277\236\346\216\245.md.29e7fa0c.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96b736f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\347\275\256ssh\345\277\253\351\200\237\350\277\236\346\216\245.md.29e7fa0c.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as t,Q as s}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"iterm2配置ssh快速连接","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/iterm2配置ssh快速连接.md","filePath":"actions/tools/iterm2配置ssh快速连接.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"actions/tools/iterm2配置ssh快速连接.md"},i=s('<h1 id="iterm2配置ssh快速连接" tabindex="-1">iterm2配置ssh快速连接 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iterm2配置ssh快速连接" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iterm2配置ssh快速连接&quot;">​</a></h1><p>macos生态的ssh工具有很多，但是试了很多还是感觉很差劲，不如windows生态的mobaxterm和xshell，可惜这两个软件没有mac的版本。不过iterm2作为mac生态下的终端工具代表倒是很简洁方便，但是没有专门的ssh工具那种简易的远程连接配置，需要自己动手折腾一下才可以。</p><h2 id="安装iterm2" tabindex="-1">安装iterm2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装iterm2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装iterm2&quot;">​</a></h2><p>官网下载，不赘述。</p><h2 id="配置profile" tabindex="-1">配置profile <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置profile" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置profile&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li><p><code>command+,</code>打开偏好设置，选择profiles<img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120112843166.png" alt="image-20211120112843166"></p></li><li><p>新建一个profile设置，将command设置从login shell改为command，并输入需要执行的ssh指令</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120113120836.png" alt="image-20211120113120836"></p></li><li><p>切换到advanced选项卡，选择编辑triggers触发器。新增一个触发器，action选择send text，触发的表达式改为<code>root@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx&#39;s password</code>，参数改为登陆账户的密码+<code>\\n</code>，这里注意一定要加\\n代表输入回车，不然就会卡在输入密码那里需要手动回车才能登陆，然后勾选上instant立即触发。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120113408181.png" alt="image-20211120113408181"></p></li></ol><p>​</p><p>​ <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120114241239.png" alt="image-20211120114241239"></p><p>这里触发器的表达式即是输入ssh命令时，服务器给出的需要输入密码的提示文字，所以想配置什么服务器的触发器直接改个登陆名和服务器地址就可以</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120114556561.png" alt="image-20211120114556561"></p><h2 id="测试" tabindex="-1">测试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#测试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;测试&quot;">​</a></h2><p>配置完毕后，可以根据菜单栏的profiles选项卡，选择需要连接的服务器即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120114848453.png" alt="image-20211120114848453"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211120114946181.png" alt="image-20211120114946181"></p>',14),r=[i];function m(c,l,p,n,h,g){return a(),t("div",null,r)}const x=e(o,[["render",m]]);export{_ as __pageData,x as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\347\275\256ssh\345\277\253\351\200\237\350\277\236\346\216\245.md.29e7fa0c.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\347\275\256ssh\345\277\253\351\200\237\350\277\236\346\216\245.md.29e7fa0c.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfbf9cdc2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_iterm2\351\205\215\347\275\256ssh\345\277\253\351\200\237\350\277\236\346\216\245.md.29e7fa0c.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as t,Q as s}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"iterm2配置ssh快速连接","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/iterm2配置ssh快速连接.md","filePath":"actions/tools/iterm2配置ssh快速连接.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"actions/tools/iterm2配置ssh快速连接.md"},i=s("",14),r=[i];function m(c,l,p,n,h,g){return a(),t("div",null,r)}const x=e(o,[["render",m]]);export{_ as __pageData,x as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_linux\350\256\276\347\275\256macOS\346\227\266\351\227\264\346\234\272\345\231\250server.md.bb1f7027.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_linux\350\256\276\347\275\256macOS\346\227\266\351\227\264\346\234\272\345\231\250server.md.bb1f7027.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7cb2e544a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_linux\350\256\276\347\275\256macOS\346\227\266\351\227\264\346\234\272\345\231\250server.md.bb1f7027.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as t,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"linux设置macOS时间机器server","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/linux设置macOS时间机器server.md","filePath":"actions/tools/linux设置macOS时间机器server.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),s={name:"actions/tools/linux设置macOS时间机器server.md"},o=n(`<h1 id="linux设置macos时间机器server" tabindex="-1">linux设置macOS时间机器server <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux设置macos时间机器server" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;linux设置macOS时间机器server&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="安装需要的包" tabindex="-1">安装需要的包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装需要的包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装需要的包&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>sudo apt install netatalk avahi-daemon</code></p><h2 id="编辑netatalk配置文件" tabindex="-1">编辑netatalk配置文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#编辑netatalk配置文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编辑netatalk配置文件&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>sudo vim /etc/netatalk/afp.conf</code></p><h2 id="添加time-machine配置" tabindex="-1">添加Time Machine配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#添加time-machine配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;添加Time Machine配置&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">[Time Machine]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">path = /mnt/data/backup/time_machine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">time machine = yes</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">[Time Machine]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">path = /mnt/data/backup/time_machine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">time machine = yes</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="创建目录" tabindex="-1">创建目录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建目录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建目录&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>sudo mkdir -p /mnt/data/backup/time_machine</code></p><p><code>sudo chown nobody:nogroup /mnt/data/backup/time_machine</code></p><p><code>sudo chmod 777 /mnt/data/backup/time_machine</code></p><h2 id="重启netatalk服务" tabindex="-1">重启netatalk服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#重启netatalk服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重启netatalk服务&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>sudo systemctl restart netatalk</code></p><h2 id="在mac上进行备份" tabindex="-1">在mac上进行备份 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在mac上进行备份" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在mac上进行备份&quot;">​</a></h2><p>时间机器中选择磁盘，连接linux server即可。</p>`,15),c=[o];function i(l,r,d,p,h,m){return e(),t("div",null,c)}const k=a(s,[["render",i]]);export{_ as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_linux\350\256\276\347\275\256macOS\346\227\266\351\227\264\346\234\272\345\231\250server.md.bb1f7027.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_linux\350\256\276\347\275\256macOS\346\227\266\351\227\264\346\234\272\345\231\250server.md.bb1f7027.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4ffc3485
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_linux\350\256\276\347\275\256macOS\346\227\266\351\227\264\346\234\272\345\231\250server.md.bb1f7027.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as t,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"linux设置macOS时间机器server","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/linux设置macOS时间机器server.md","filePath":"actions/tools/linux设置macOS时间机器server.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),s={name:"actions/tools/linux设置macOS时间机器server.md"},o=n("",15),c=[o];function i(l,r,d,p,h,m){return e(),t("div",null,c)}const k=a(s,[["render",i]]);export{_ as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_powershell\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.de0cd8e5.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_powershell\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.de0cd8e5.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b20d7848e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_powershell\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.de0cd8e5.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import{_ as s,o,c as a,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"powershell美化","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/powershell美化.md","filePath":"actions/tools/powershell美化.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"actions/tools/powershell美化.md"},p=n(`<h1 id="powershell美化" tabindex="-1">powershell美化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#powershell美化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;powershell美化&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p><a href="https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="安装windows-terminal和powershell" tabindex="-1">安装windows terminal和powershell <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装windows-terminal和powershell" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装windows terminal和powershell&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/terminal" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/microsoft/terminal</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-windows" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-windows</a></p></li></ul><h2 id="安装oh-my-posh" tabindex="-1">安装oh-my-posh <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装oh-my-posh" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装oh-my-posh&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set-ExecutionPolicy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Bypass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Scope</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Process</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Force</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((New-Object </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">System.Net.WebClient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).DownloadString(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&#39;https://ohmyposh.dev/install.ps1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set-ExecutionPolicy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Bypass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Scope</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Process</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Force</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((New-Object </span><span style="color:#032F62;">System.Net.WebClient</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).DownloadString(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&#39;https://ohmyposh.dev/install.ps1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="安装nerd-fonts" tabindex="-1">安装Nerd Fonts <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装nerd-fonts" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装Nerd Fonts&quot;">​</a></h2><p>如果不安装Nerd Fonts会有乱码情况，oh-my-posh推荐安装<a href="https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v2.1.0/Meslo.zip" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Meslo LGM NF</a>字体，也可以从<a href="https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E3%80%82%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%90%8E%E8%A7%A3%E5%8E%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%88%B0C:%5Cwindows%5CFonts%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9%E4%B8%AD%E3%80%82%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91Windows" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads自行选择下载。下载后解压放到C:\\windows\\Fonts文件夹中。编辑Windows</a> Terminal默认设置将默认字体改为喜欢的Nerd Fonts。</p><h2 id="编辑profile" tabindex="-1">编辑profile <a class="header-anchor" href="#编辑profile" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编辑profile&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>code $PROFILE</code>或<code>notepad $PROFILE</code></p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">oh-my-posh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">pwsh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 默认主题</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">oh-my-posh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">pwsh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">C:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\U</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sers</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tory</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\A</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ppData</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\L</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ocal</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\P</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rograms</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\o</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">h-my-posh</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\t</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">hemes</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">obbyrussel.omp.json</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># --config可以配置喜欢的主题</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">--config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/main/themes/jandedobbeleer.omp.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 也可以配置远程主题</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">oh-my-posh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">pwsh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 默认主题</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">oh-my-posh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">pwsh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">C:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\U</span><span style="color:#032F62;">sers</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">tory</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\A</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ppData</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\L</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ocal</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\P</span><span style="color:#032F62;">rograms</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\o</span><span style="color:#032F62;">h-my-posh</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\t</span><span style="color:#032F62;">hemes</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">obbyrussel.omp.json</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Invoke-Expression</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># --config可以配置喜欢的主题</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">--config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/main/themes/jandedobbeleer.omp.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 也可以配置远程主题</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置预测文本来源为历史记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set-PSReadLineOption</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-PredictionSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">History</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置向上键为后向搜索历史记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">UpArrow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">HistorySearchBackward</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置向下键为前向搜索历史纪录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DownArrow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">HistorySearchForward</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置预测文本来源为历史记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set-PSReadLineOption</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-PredictionSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">History</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置向上键为后向搜索历史记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">UpArrow</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">HistorySearchBackward</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置向下键为前向搜索历史纪录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DownArrow</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">HistorySearchForward</span></span></code></pre></div><p>windows安装后默认的主题文件夹为：<code>C:\\Users\\[your username]\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\oh-my-posh\\themes</code>，也可以通过<code>echo $env:POSH_THEMES_PATH</code>命令查看主题的路径</p><h3 id="挑选喜欢的主题" tabindex="-1">挑选喜欢的主题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#挑选喜欢的主题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;挑选喜欢的主题&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><a href="https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/themes" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/themes</a></li></ul><p>配置立即生效：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">. $PROFILE</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">. $PROFILE</span></span></code></pre></div><p>效果图：</p><ul><li><p>默认：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220607011525725.png" alt="image-20220607011525725"></p></li><li><p>jandedobbeleer：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220607011557983.png" alt="image-20220607011557983"></p></li></ul>`,19),e=[p];function t(r,c,y,i,E,h){return o(),a("div",null,e)}const m=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_powershell\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.de0cd8e5.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_powershell\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.de0cd8e5.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01ebee8f8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_powershell\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.de0cd8e5.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o,c as a,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"powershell美化","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/powershell美化.md","filePath":"actions/tools/powershell美化.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"actions/tools/powershell美化.md"},p=n("",19),e=[p];function t(r,c,y,i,E,h){return o(),a("div",null,e)}const m=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_\345\220\204\347\263\273\347\273\237\344\270\213\346\240\241\351\252\214\346\226\207\344\273\266\344\270\200\350\207\264\346\200\247.md.3f50c0d5.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_\345\220\204\347\263\273\347\273\237\344\270\213\346\240\241\351\252\214\346\226\207\344\273\266\344\270\200\350\207\264\346\200\247.md.3f50c0d5.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a587b3772
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_\345\220\204\347\263\273\347\273\237\344\270\213\346\240\241\351\252\214\346\226\207\344\273\266\344\270\200\350\207\264\346\200\247.md.3f50c0d5.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as e,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const x=JSON.parse('{"title":"各系统下校验文件一致性","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/各系统下校验文件一致性.md","filePath":"actions/tools/各系统下校验文件一致性.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),s={name:"actions/tools/各系统下校验文件一致性.md"},d=l('<h1 id="各系统下校验文件一致性" tabindex="-1">各系统下校验文件一致性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#各系统下校验文件一致性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;各系统下校验文件一致性&quot;">​</a></h1><p>之前从网上下软件一直没有校验的习惯，直到从某知名mac破解网站上下了个被人恶意投毒的navicat，本文记录下各系统下校验的操作。内容引用自Apache Kafka官方文档。</p><h2 id="校验哈希值" tabindex="-1">校验哈希值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#校验哈希值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;校验哈希值&quot;">​</a></h2><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;"></th><th style="text-align:center;">Windows</th><th style="text-align:center;">Linux</th><th>Mac</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;">SHA-1 (deprecated)</td><td style="text-align:center;">certUtil -hashfile <em>file</em> SHA1</td><td style="text-align:center;">sha1sum <em>file</em></td><td>shasum -a 1 <em>file</em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">SHA-256</td><td style="text-align:center;">certUtil -hashfile <em>file</em> SHA256</td><td style="text-align:center;">sha256sum <em>file</em></td><td>shasum -a 256 <em>file</em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">SHA-512</td><td style="text-align:center;">certUtil -hashfile <em>file</em> SHA512</td><td style="text-align:center;">sha512sum <em>file</em></td><td>shasum -a 512 <em>file</em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;">MD5 (deprecated)</td><td style="text-align:center;">certUtil -hashfile <em>file</em> MD5</td><td style="text-align:center;">md5sum <em>file</em></td><td>md5 <em>file</em></td></tr></tbody></table>',4),i=[d];function n(r,c,m,o,h,_){return e(),a("div",null,i)}const p=t(s,[["render",n]]);export{x as __pageData,p as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_\345\220\204\347\263\273\347\273\237\344\270\213\346\240\241\351\252\214\346\226\207\344\273\266\344\270\200\350\207\264\346\200\247.md.3f50c0d5.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_\345\220\204\347\263\273\347\273\237\344\270\213\346\240\241\351\252\214\346\226\207\344\273\266\344\270\200\350\207\264\346\200\247.md.3f50c0d5.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da4ce06ca
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_\345\220\204\347\263\273\347\273\237\344\270\213\346\240\241\351\252\214\346\226\207\344\273\266\344\270\200\350\207\264\346\200\247.md.3f50c0d5.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as e,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const x=JSON.parse('{"title":"各系统下校验文件一致性","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/各系统下校验文件一致性.md","filePath":"actions/tools/各系统下校验文件一致性.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),s={name:"actions/tools/各系统下校验文件一致性.md"},d=l("",4),i=[d];function n(r,c,m,o,h,_){return e(),a("div",null,i)}const p=t(s,[["render",n]]);export{x as __pageData,p as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_\345\223\252\345\220\222\346\216\242\351\222\210\351\241\265\351\235\242\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.97e218dc.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_\345\223\252\345\220\222\346\216\242\351\222\210\351\241\265\351\235\242\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.97e218dc.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81ee2425e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_\345\223\252\345\220\222\346\216\242\351\222\210\351\241\265\351\235\242\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.97e218dc.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,1397 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"哪吒探针页面美化","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/哪吒探针页面美化.md","filePath":"actions/tools/哪吒探针页面美化.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/tools/哪吒探针页面美化.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="哪吒探针页面美化" tabindex="-1">哪吒探针页面美化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#哪吒探针页面美化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;哪吒探针页面美化&quot;">​</a></h1><h3 id="找到容器的文件系统目录" tabindex="-1">找到容器的文件系统目录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#找到容器的文件系统目录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;找到容器的文件系统目录&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">inspect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dashboard-dashboard-1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--format=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{.GraphDriver.Data.MergedDir}}&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">inspect</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dashboard-dashboard-1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--format=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{.GraphDriver.Data.MergedDir}}&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="替换template中的文件" tabindex="-1">替换template中的文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#替换template中的文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;替换template中的文件&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>路径：<code>/var/lib/docker/overlay2/xxxx/merged/dashboard/resource/template</code></p></li><li><p>替换文件<code>common/header.html</code></p><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{define &quot;common/header&quot;}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;{{.Conf.Language}}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;viewport&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ie=edge&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;telephone=no&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;format-detection&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{.Title}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/font-logos/0.17/font-logos.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/bootstrap-icons/1.10.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/semantic-ui-alerts.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/main.css?v2022042314&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;shortcut icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/logo.svg?v20210804&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{define &quot;common/header&quot;}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#22863A;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;{{.Conf.Language}}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;viewport&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ie=edge&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;telephone=no&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;format-detection&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{.Title}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/font-logos/0.17/font-logos.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://cdn.staticfile.org/bootstrap-icons/1.10.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/semantic-ui-alerts.min.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/main.css?v2022042314&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;shortcut icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;image/png&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/logo.svg?v20210804&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>替换文件<code>theme-default/home.html</code></p><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{define &quot;theme-default/home&quot;}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{template &quot;common/header&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{if ts .CustomCode}} {{.CustomCode|safe}} {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{template &quot;common/menu&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;nb-container&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui container&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;app&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui styled fluid accordion&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;group in groups&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;active title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dropdown icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          @#(group.Tag!==&#39;&#39;?group.Tag:&#39;{{tr &quot;Default&quot;}}&#39;)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;active content&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui four stackable status cards&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server in group.data&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server.ID&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui card&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server.Host&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;header&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server.Host.CountryCode + &#39; flag&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;nbsp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;server.Host.Platform == &quot;darwin&quot;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;apple icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-else-if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;isWindowsPlatform(server.Host.Platform)&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;windows icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&#39;fl-&#39; + getFontLogoClass(server.Host.Platform)&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  @#server.Name + (server.live?&#39;&#39;:&#39;[{{tr &quot;Offline&quot;}}]&#39;)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;nezha-secondary-font info circle icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;height: 28px&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui content popup&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;margin-bottom: 0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;Platform&quot;}}: @#server.Host.Platform#@-@#server.Host.PlatformVersion#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    [&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">span</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server.Host.Virtualization&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#server.Host.Virtualization#@:&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">span</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#server.Host.Arch#@]&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    CPU: @#server.Host.CPU#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;DiskUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.DiskUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.DiskTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;MemUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.MemUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.MemTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;SwapUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.SwapUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.SwapTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;NetTransfer&quot;}}: &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow alternate circle down outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInTransfer)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow alternate circle up outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutTransfer)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;Load&quot;}}: @# toFixed2(server.State.Load1) #@/@# toFixed2(server.State.Load5) #@/@#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    toFixed2(server.State.Load15) #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;ProcessCount&quot;}}: @# server.State.ProcessCount #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;ConnCount&quot;}}: TCP @# server.State.TcpConnCount #@ / UDP @# server.State.UdpConnCount #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;BootTime&quot;}}: @# formatTimestamp(server.Host.BootTime) #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;LastActive&quot;}}: @# new Date(server.LastActive).toLocaleString() #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    {{tr &quot;Version&quot;}}: @#server.Host.Version#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">br</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui divider&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;margin-bottom: 5px&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;description&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ui grid&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;CPU&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU, 100).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bar&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU, 100).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU,100).percent#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;MemUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.MemUsed, server.Host.MemTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.MemUsed, server.Host.MemTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.MemUsed/server.Host.MemTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;SwapUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.SwapUsed, server.Host.SwapTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.SwapUsed, server.Host.SwapTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.SwapUsed/server.Host.SwapTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;DiskUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.DiskUsed, server.Host.DiskTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.DiskUsed, server.Host.DiskTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.DiskUsed/server.Host.DiskTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">small</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;NetSpeed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow alternate circle down outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInSpeed)#@/s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow alternate circle up outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutSpeed)#@/s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;流量&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow circle down icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInTransfer)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arrow circle up icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutTransfer)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;信息&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bi bi-cpu-fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #4a86e8;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; @#getCoreAndGHz(server.Host.CPU)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bi bi-memory&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #00ac0d;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; @#getK2Gb(server.Host.MemTotal)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bi bi-hdd-rack-fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #980000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; @#getK2Gb(server.Host.DiskTotal)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;Uptime&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;clock icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#secondToDate(server.State.Uptime)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;@#server.Name#@&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;{{tr &quot;ServerIsOffline&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{template &quot;common/footer&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">initData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{.Servers}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).servers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statusCards </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    el: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    delimiters: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@#&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#@&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      data: initData,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      groups: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      cache: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">created</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mounted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.nezha-secondary-font.info.icon&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        popup: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.ui.content.popup&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        exclusive: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toFixed2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toFixed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isWindowsPlatform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">includes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Windows&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFontLogoClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ([</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;almalinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;alpine&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;aosc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;apple&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;archlinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;archlabs&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;artix&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;budgie&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;centos&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;coreos&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;debian&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;deepin&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;devuan&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;docker&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;elementary&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;fedora&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ferris&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;flathub&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;freebsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;gentoo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;gnu-guix&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;illumos&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;kali-linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;linuxmint&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mageia&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mandriva&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;manjaro&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;nixos&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;openbsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;opensuse&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;pop-os&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;raspberry-pi&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;redhat&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;rocky-linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;sabayon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;slackware&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;snappy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;solus&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ubuntu&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;void&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zorin&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ([</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;openwrt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;linux&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tux&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;amazon&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;redhat&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;arch&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;archlinux&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.groups </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Tag&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatPercent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">live</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">used</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">total</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">percent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> live </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(used </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            class: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              ui: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              progress: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            style: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;transition-duration&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;300ms&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;min-width&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;unset&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              width: percent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;% !important&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            percent,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;slategray&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].class.offline </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">51</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#0a94f2&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].class.fine </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">81</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;orange&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].class.warning </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crimson&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent].class.error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cache[percent]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">secondToDate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">floor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">24</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; {{tr &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Day</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;}}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> h </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">floor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">24</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> m </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">floor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">floor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> h </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> m).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toLocaleString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatByteSize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">bs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readableBytes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NaN undefined&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;0B&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCoreAndGHz</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GHz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">GHz</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> Physical</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    GHz </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GHz</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">GHz.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">GHz[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    Core </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Core.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Core[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;?&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Core </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> Virtual</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	        Core </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Core.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Core[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;?&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Virtual&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Core&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Core.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Physical&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Core&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getK2Gb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">bs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          bs </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bs </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ceil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bs.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toFixed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;GB&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">listTipsMouseenter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">strs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tipsNum</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.layerIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> layer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tips</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(strs, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">obj,{tips: [tipsNum, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rgb(0 0 0 / 85%)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],time:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">obj).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">attr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;layerIndex&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.layerIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">listTipsMouseleave</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          layer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.layerIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">field</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> map </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">map[item[field]]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dest.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          [field]: item[field],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          data: [item]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        map[item[field]] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dest.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">dItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (dItem[field] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[field]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            dItem.data.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dest;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> canShowError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">connect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wsProtocol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> window.location.protocol </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;wss&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ws&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebSocket</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(wsProtocol </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;://&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> window.location.host </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/ws&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onopen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">evt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      canShowError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      $.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">suiAlert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        title: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{tr &quot;RealtimeChannelEstablished&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        description: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{tr &quot;GetTheLatestMonitoringDataInRealTime&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        type: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;success&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        time: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        position: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;top-center&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onmessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">evt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">oldServers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statusCards.servers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(evt.data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      statusCards.servers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data.servers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statusCards.servers.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statusCards.servers[i];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ns.Host) ns.live </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lastActive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ns.LastActive).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (data.now </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lastActive </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ns.live </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ns.live </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      statusCards.groups </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(statusCards.servers, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Tag&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onclose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (canShowError) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        canShowError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        $.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">suiAlert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          title: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{tr &quot;RealtimeChannelDisconnect&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          description: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{{tr &quot;CanNotGetTheLatestMonitoringDataInRealTime&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          type: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;warning&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          time: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          position: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;top-center&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">connect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onerror</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ws.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">connect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.ui.accordion&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">accordion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({ </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;exclusive&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{define &quot;theme-default/home&quot;}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{template &quot;common/header&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{if ts .CustomCode}} {{.CustomCode|safe}} {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{template &quot;common/menu&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;nb-container&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui container&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;app&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui styled fluid accordion&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;group in groups&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;active title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dropdown icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          @#(group.Tag!==&#39;&#39;?group.Tag:&#39;{{tr &quot;Default&quot;}}&#39;)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;active content&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui four stackable status cards&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server in group.data&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server.ID&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui card&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server.Host&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;header&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server.Host.CountryCode + &#39; flag&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;nbsp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;server.Host.Platform == &quot;darwin&quot;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;apple icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-else-if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;isWindowsPlatform(server.Host.Platform)&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;windows icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&#39;fl-&#39; + getFontLogoClass(server.Host.Platform)&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  @#server.Name + (server.live?&#39;&#39;:&#39;[{{tr &quot;Offline&quot;}}]&#39;)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;nezha-secondary-font info circle icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;height: 28px&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui content popup&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;margin-bottom: 0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;Platform&quot;}}: @#server.Host.Platform#@-@#server.Host.PlatformVersion#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    [&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">span</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server.Host.Virtualization&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#server.Host.Virtualization#@:&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">span</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#server.Host.Arch#@]&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    CPU: @#server.Host.CPU#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;DiskUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.DiskUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.DiskTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;MemUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.MemUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.MemTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;SwapUsed&quot;}}:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    @#formatByteSize(server.State.SwapUsed)#@/@#formatByteSize(server.Host.SwapTotal)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;NetTransfer&quot;}}: &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow alternate circle down outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInTransfer)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow alternate circle up outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutTransfer)#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;Load&quot;}}: @# toFixed2(server.State.Load1) #@/@# toFixed2(server.State.Load5) #@/@#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    toFixed2(server.State.Load15) #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;ProcessCount&quot;}}: @# server.State.ProcessCount #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;ConnCount&quot;}}: TCP @# server.State.TcpConnCount #@ / UDP @# server.State.UdpConnCount #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;BootTime&quot;}}: @# formatTimestamp(server.Host.BootTime) #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;LastActive&quot;}}: @# new Date(server.LastActive).toLocaleString() #@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    {{tr &quot;Version&quot;}}: @#server.Host.Version#@&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">br</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui divider&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;margin-bottom: 5px&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;description&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ui grid&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;CPU&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU, 100).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bar&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU, 100).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#formatPercent(server.live,server.State.CPU,100).percent#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;MemUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.MemUsed, server.Host.MemTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.MemUsed, server.Host.MemTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.MemUsed/server.Host.MemTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;SwapUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.SwapUsed, server.Host.SwapTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.SwapUsed, server.Host.SwapTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.SwapUsed/server.Host.SwapTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;DiskUsed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.DiskUsed, server.Host.DiskTotal).class&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bar&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatPercent(server.live,server.State.DiskUsed, server.Host.DiskTotal).style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#parseInt(server.State?server.State.DiskUsed/server.Host.DiskTotal*100:0)#@%&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">small</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;NetSpeed&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow alternate circle down outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInSpeed)#@/s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow alternate circle up outline icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutSpeed)#@/s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;流量&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow circle down icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetInTransfer)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arrow circle up icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      @#formatByteSize(server.State.NetOutTransfer)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;信息&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bi bi-cpu-fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #4a86e8;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; @#getCoreAndGHz(server.Host.CPU)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bi bi-memory&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #00ac0d;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; @#getK2Gb(server.Host.MemTotal)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;nbsp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bi bi-hdd-rack-fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;font-size: 1.1rem; color: #980000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; @#getK2Gb(server.Host.DiskTotal)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;three wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;Uptime&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;thirteen wide column&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;clock icon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#secondToDate(server.State.Uptime)#@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;@#server.Name#@&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;{{tr &quot;ServerIsOffline&quot;}}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{template &quot;common/footer&quot; .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">initData</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{.Servers}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).servers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statusCards </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    el: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    delimiters: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@#&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#@&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      data: initData,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      groups: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      cache: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">created</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mounted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.nezha-secondary-font.info.icon&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        popup: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.ui.content.popup&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        exclusive: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toFixed2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toFixed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isWindowsPlatform</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">includes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Windows&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFontLogoClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ([</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;almalinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;alpine&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;aosc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;apple&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;archlinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;archlabs&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;artix&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;budgie&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;centos&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;coreos&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;debian&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;deepin&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;devuan&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;docker&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;elementary&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;fedora&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ferris&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;flathub&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;freebsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;gentoo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;gnu-guix&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;illumos&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;kali-linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;linuxmint&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mageia&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mandriva&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;manjaro&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;nixos&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;openbsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;opensuse&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;pop-os&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;raspberry-pi&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;redhat&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;rocky-linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;sabayon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;slackware&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;snappy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;solus&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ubuntu&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;void&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zorin&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ([</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;openwrt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;linux&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tux&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;amazon&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;redhat&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;arch&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;archlinux&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.groups </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Tag&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatPercent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">live</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">used</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">total</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">percent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> live </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(used </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            class: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              ui: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              progress: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            style: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;transition-duration&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;300ms&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;min-width&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;unset&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              width: percent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;% !important&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            percent,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;slategray&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].class.offline </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">51</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#0a94f2&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].class.fine </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (percent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">81</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;orange&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].class.warning </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].style[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;background-color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crimson&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent].class.error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cache[percent]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">secondToDate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">s</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">floor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">24</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; {{tr &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Day</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;}}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> h </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">floor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">24</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> m </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">floor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">floor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> h </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> m).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toLocaleString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatByteSize</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">bs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readableBytes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NaN undefined&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;0B&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCoreAndGHz</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GHz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">GHz/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> Physical/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    GHz </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GHz</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">GHz.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">GHz[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    Core </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Core.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Core[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;?&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Core </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> Virtual/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	        Core </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Core.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Core[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;?&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Virtual&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Core&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Core.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Physical&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Core&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getK2Gb</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">bs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          bs </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bs </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ceil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bs.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toFixed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;GB&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">listTipsMouseenter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">strs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">tipsNum</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.layerIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> layer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tips</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(strs, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">obj,{tips: [tipsNum, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rgb(0 0 0 / 85%)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],time:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">obj).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">attr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;layerIndex&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.layerIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">listTipsMouseleave</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          layer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.layerIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">field</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> map </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">map[item[field]]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dest.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          [field]: item[field],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          data: [item]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        map[item[field]] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dest.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">dItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (dItem[field] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[field]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            dItem.data.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dest;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> canShowError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">connect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wsProtocol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> window.location.protocol </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;wss&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ws&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebSocket</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(wsProtocol </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;://&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> window.location.host </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/ws&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onopen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">evt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      canShowError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      $.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">suiAlert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        title: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{tr &quot;RealtimeChannelEstablished&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        description: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{tr &quot;GetTheLatestMonitoringDataInRealTime&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        type: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;success&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        time: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        position: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;top-center&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onmessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">evt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">oldServers</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statusCards.servers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(evt.data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      statusCards.servers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data.servers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statusCards.servers.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ns</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statusCards.servers[i];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ns.Host) ns.live </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lastActive</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ns.LastActive).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (data.now </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lastActive </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ns.live </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ns.live </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      statusCards.groups </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">groupingData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(statusCards.servers, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Tag&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onclose</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (canShowError) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        canShowError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        $.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">suiAlert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          title: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{tr &quot;RealtimeChannelDisconnect&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          description: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{{tr &quot;CanNotGetTheLatestMonitoringDataInRealTime&quot;}}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          type: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;warning&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          time: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          position: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;top-center&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">connect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ws.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onerror</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ws.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">connect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.ui.accordion&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">accordion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({ </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;exclusive&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h3 id="重启容器" tabindex="-1">重启容器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#重启容器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重启容器&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>docker restart dashboard-dashboard-1</code></p><h3 id="后台管理自定义css" tabindex="-1">后台管理自定义CSS <a class="header-anchor" href="#后台管理自定义css" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;后台管理自定义CSS&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 屏幕适配 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">only</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1200</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.container</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">only</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">max-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">767</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.card</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.content</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.header:not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.cards</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.card</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.content</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.header:not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 整体图标 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.icon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 背景图片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fixed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">z-index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-position</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-repeat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">no-repeat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cover</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">//</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">https://api.kdcc.cn/img/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-family</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Arial</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Helvetica</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sans-serif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 导航栏 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.large.menu</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">55</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 首页按钮 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.menu</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.active.item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 导航栏下拉框 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.dropdown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.menu</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">255</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 登陆按钮 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.nezha-primary-btn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 大卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.fluid.accordion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fbfbfb26</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 小卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.four.cards</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.card</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.6</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaa3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.wide.column</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding-bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.three.wide.column</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding-right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.wide.column:nth-child</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.wide.column:nth-child</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding-bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 小鸡名 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.flag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片图标 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.info.icon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.nezha-secondary-font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 进度条 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.8</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">line-height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.65</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.fine.progress</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress.fine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress.warning</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#ff9800</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress.error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#e41e10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.progress.offline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 上传下载 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.outline.icon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.arrow.alternate.circle.down.outline.icon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">i</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.arrow.alternate.circle.up.outline.icon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片小箭头 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.right.center.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.914286</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-transform-origin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transform-origin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.bottom.left.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.top.left.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.top.right.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin-bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.left.center.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.91428571</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-transform-origin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transform-origin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">right</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.right.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.left.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.top.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.bottom.left.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.bottom.right.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.top.left.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.top.right.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.left.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rgba</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.content.popup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">line-height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-family</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Arial</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Helvetica</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sans-serif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">em</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 服务页 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RGB</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">225</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">225</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">225</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">thead</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">th</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">transparent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 服务页进度条 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.good</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.danger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.warning</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">orange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 版权 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.inverted.segment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.ui.primary.inverted.segment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-weight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bold</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#fafafaa3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!important</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">window.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> avatar</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.item img&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> footer</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;div.is-size-7&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">footer.innerHTML</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Copyright © 2023 All Rights Reserved.&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">footer.style.visibility</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;visible&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">avatar.src</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/logo.svg&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">avatar.style.visibility</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;visible&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 屏幕适配 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">only</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1200</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.container</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">only</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">max-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">767</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.card</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.content</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.header:not</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.cards</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.card</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.content</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.header:not</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 整体图标 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.icon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 背景图片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fixed</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">z-index</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-position</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">top</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-repeat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">no-repeat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cover</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">//</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">https://api.kdcc.cn/img/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-family</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Arial</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Helvetica</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sans-serif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 导航栏 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.large.menu</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">55</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 首页按钮 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.menu</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.active.item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 导航栏下拉框 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.dropdown</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.menu</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">255</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 登陆按钮 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.nezha-primary-btn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 大卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#app</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.fluid.accordion</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fbfbfb26</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 小卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.four.cards</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.card</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.6</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaa3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.wide.column</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding-bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.three.wide.column</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding-right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.wide.column:nth-child</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.wide.column:nth-child</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.description</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding-bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 小鸡名 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.flag</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片图标 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.info.icon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.nezha-secondary-font</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 进度条 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.8</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">line-height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.65</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.fine.progress</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress.fine</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress.warning</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#ff9800</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress.error</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#e41e10</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.progress.offline</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 上传下载 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.outline.icon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.arrow.alternate.circle.down.outline.icon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">i</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.arrow.alternate.circle.up.outline.icon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片小箭头 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.right.center.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.914286</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-transform-origin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">left</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">transform-origin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">left</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.bottom.left.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.top.left.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.top.right.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-right</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin-bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.left.center.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.91428571</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-transform-origin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">right</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">transform-origin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">right</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.right.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.left.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.top.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.bottom.left.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.bottom.right.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.top.left.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.top.right.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.left.center.popup:before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">box-shadow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">-webkit-tap-highlight-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rgba</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 弹出卡片 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.status.cards</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.content.popup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">line-height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-radius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaeb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-family</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Arial</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Helvetica</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sans-serif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.content</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">em</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 服务页 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.table</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RGB</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">225</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">225</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">225</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.table</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#22863A;">thead</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#22863A;">th</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">transparent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 服务页进度条 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.good</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#21ba45</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.danger</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.service-status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.warning</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">orange</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 版权 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.inverted.segment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.ui.primary.inverted.segment</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-weight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bold</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#fafafaa3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!important</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">window.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> avatar</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.item img&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> footer</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;div.is-size-7&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">footer.innerHTML</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Copyright © 2023 All Rights Reserved.&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">footer.style.visibility</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;visible&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">avatar.src</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/logo.svg&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">avatar.style.visibility</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;visible&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div>`,9),t=[o];function e(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,t)}const B=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{u as __pageData,B as default};
diff --git "a/assets/actions_tools_\345\223\252\345\220\222\346\216\242\351\222\210\351\241\265\351\235\242\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.97e218dc.lean.js" "b/assets/actions_tools_\345\223\252\345\220\222\346\216\242\351\222\210\351\241\265\351\235\242\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.97e218dc.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4d4e632a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/actions_tools_\345\223\252\345\220\222\346\216\242\351\222\210\351\241\265\351\235\242\347\276\216\345\214\226.md.97e218dc.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"哪吒探针页面美化","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"actions/tools/哪吒探针页面美化.md","filePath":"actions/tools/哪吒探针页面美化.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"actions/tools/哪吒探针页面美化.md"},o=l("",9),t=[o];function e(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,t)}const B=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{u as __pageData,B as default};
diff --git a/assets/app.98759a4d.js b/assets/app.98759a4d.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..751cb2c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/app.98759a4d.js
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+import{s as o,a0 as p,a1 as i,a2 as u,a3 as c,a4 as l,a5 as d,a6 as f,a7 as m,a8 as h,a9 as A,U as g,d as P,u as v,j as y,y as C,aa as w,ab as _,ac as b,ad as E}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";import{t as R}from"./chunks/theme.cc3777bc.js";function r(e){if(e.extends){const a=r(e.extends);return{...a,...e,async enhanceApp(t){a.enhanceApp&&await a.enhanceApp(t),e.enhanceApp&&await e.enhanceApp(t)}}}return e}const s=r(R),D=P({name:"VitePressApp",setup(){const{site:e}=v();return y(()=>{C(()=>{document.documentElement.lang=e.value.lang,document.documentElement.dir=e.value.dir})}),w(),_(),b(),s.setup&&s.setup(),()=>E(s.Layout)}});async function j(){const e=S(),a=O();a.provide(i,e);const t=u(e.route);return a.provide(c,t),a.component("Content",l),a.component("ClientOnly",d),Object.defineProperties(a.config.globalProperties,{$frontmatter:{get(){return t.frontmatter.value}},$params:{get(){return t.page.value.params}}}),s.enhanceApp&&await s.enhanceApp({app:a,router:e,siteData:f}),{app:a,router:e,data:t}}function O(){return m(D)}function S(){let e=o,a;return h(t=>{let n=A(t);return n?(e&&(a=n),(e||a===n)&&(n=n.replace(/\.js$/,".lean.js")),o&&(e=!1),g(()=>import(n),[])):null},s.NotFound)}o&&j().then(({app:e,router:a,data:t})=>{a.go().then(()=>{p(a.route,t.site),e.mount("#app")})});export{j as createApp};
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new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd6604e10
--- /dev/null
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bl=m(kl,[["__scopeId","data-v-8133b170"]]),yl=["aria-controls","aria-expanded"],Pl={class:"button-text"},Vl=["id"],wl={key:1,class:"group"},Ll=g({__name:"VPNavScreenMenuGroup",props:{text:{},items:{}},setup(s){const e=s,t=L(!1),n=y(()=>`NavScreenGroup-${e.text.replace(" ","-").toLowerCase()}`);function o(){t.value=!t.value}return(r,d)=>(a(),i("div",{class:M(["VPNavScreenMenuGroup",{open:t.value}])},[c("button",{class:"button","aria-controls":n.value,"aria-expanded":t.value,onClick:o},[c("span",Pl,w(r.text),1),h(fl,{class:"button-icon"})],8,yl),c("div",{id:n.value,class:"items"},[(a(!0),i(S,null,x(r.items,p=>(a(),i(S,{key:p.text},["link"in p?(a(),i("div",{key:p.text,class:"item"},[h(Ee,{item:p},null,8,["item"])])):(a(),i("div",wl,[h(bl,{text:p.text,items:p.items},null,8,["text","items"])]))],64))),128))],8,Vl)],2))}});const Sl=m(Ll,[["__scopeId","data-v-1ecb84e7"]]),Ml={key:0,class:"VPNavScreenMenu"},Cl=g({__name:"VPNavScreenMenu",setup(s){const{theme:e}=P();return(t,n)=>l(e).nav?(a(),i("nav",Ml,[(a(!0),i(S,null,x(l(e).nav,o=>(a(),i(S,{key:o.text},["link"in o?(a(),$(ul,{key:0,item:o},null,8,["item"])):(a(),$(Sl,{key:1,text:o.text||"",items:o.items},null,8,["text","items"]))],64))),128))])):f("",!0)}}),Il=g({__name:"VPNavScreenSocialLinks",setup(s){const{theme:e}=P();return(t,n)=>l(e).socialLinks?(a(),$(ke,{key:0,class:"VPNavScreenSocialLinks",links:l(e).socialLinks},null,8,["links"])):f("",!0)}}),Nl={class:"list"},Tl=g({__name:"VPNavScreenTranslations",setup(s){const{localeLinks:e,currentLang:t}=X({correspondingLink:!0}),n=L(!1);function o(){n.value=!n.value}return(r,d)=>l(e).length&&l(t).label?(a(),i("div",{key:0,class:M(["VPNavScreenTranslations",{open:n.value}])},[c("button",{class:"title",onClick:o},[h(ze,{class:"icon lang"}),H(" "+w(l(t).label)+" ",1),h(He,{class:"icon 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Hl=m(xl,[["__scopeId","data-v-cc5739dd"]]),zl={class:"VPNav"},El=g({__name:"VPNav",setup(s){const{isScreenOpen:e,closeScreen:t,toggleScreen:n}=Jn();return Ne("close-screen",t),(o,r)=>(a(),i("header",zl,[h(ol,{"is-screen-open":l(e),onToggleScreen:l(n)},{"nav-bar-title-before":_(()=>[u(o.$slots,"nav-bar-title-before",{},void 0,!0)]),"nav-bar-title-after":_(()=>[u(o.$slots,"nav-bar-title-after",{},void 0,!0)]),"nav-bar-content-before":_(()=>[u(o.$slots,"nav-bar-content-before",{},void 0,!0)]),"nav-bar-content-after":_(()=>[u(o.$slots,"nav-bar-content-after",{},void 0,!0)]),_:3},8,["is-screen-open","onToggleScreen"]),h(Hl,{open:l(e)},{"nav-screen-content-before":_(()=>[u(o.$slots,"nav-screen-content-before",{},void 0,!0)]),"nav-screen-content-after":_(()=>[u(o.$slots,"nav-screen-content-after",{},void 0,!0)]),_:3},8,["open"])]))}});const Dl=m(El,[["__scopeId","data-v-7e5bc4a5"]]),Fl=s=>(E("data-v-e31bd47b"),s=s(),D(),s),Ol=["role","tabindex"],Gl=Fl(()=>c("div",{class:"indicator"},null,-1)),Ul=["onKeydown"],Rl={key:1,class:"items"},jl=g({__name:"VPSidebarItem",props:{item:{},depth:{}},setup(s){const e=s,{collapsed:t,collapsible:n,isLink:o,isActiveLink:r,hasActiveLink:d,hasChildren:p,toggle:v}=gt(y(()=>e.item)),b=y(()=>p.value?"section":"div"),N=y(()=>o.value?"a":"div"),T=y(()=>p.value?e.depth+2===7?"p":`h${e.depth+2}`:"p"),A=y(()=>o.value?void 0:"button"),I=y(()=>[[`level-${e.depth}`],{collapsible:n.value},{collapsed:t.value},{"is-link":o.value},{"is-active":r.value},{"has-active":d.value}]);function B(k){"key"in k&&k.key!=="Enter"||!e.item.link&&v()}function V(){e.item.link&&v()}return(k,C)=>{const z=j("VPSidebarItem",!0);return 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0,!0)]),"aside-outline-before":_(()=>[u(v.$slots,"aside-outline-before",{},void 0,!0)]),"aside-outline-after":_(()=>[u(v.$slots,"aside-outline-after",{},void 0,!0)]),"aside-ads-before":_(()=>[u(v.$slots,"aside-ads-before",{},void 0,!0)]),"aside-ads-after":_(()=>[u(v.$slots,"aside-ads-after",{},void 0,!0)]),_:3}),h(Tn),u(v.$slots,"layout-bottom",{},void 0,!0)],2)):(a(),$(N,{key:1}))}}});const tr=m(er,[["__scopeId","data-v-1919c326"]]);const nr={Layout:tr,enhanceApp:({app:s})=>{s.component("Badge",Qe)}};export{nr as t,P as u};
diff --git "a/assets/docker_Docker-compose_docker-compose\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.b2c8c149.js" "b/assets/docker_Docker-compose_docker-compose\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.b2c8c149.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e217293ee
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/docker_Docker-compose_docker-compose\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.b2c8c149.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"docker-compose语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"docker/Docker-compose/docker-compose语法.md","filePath":"docker/Docker-compose/docker-compose语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"docker/Docker-compose/docker-compose语法.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="docker-compose语法" tabindex="-1">docker-compose语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-compose语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker-compose语法&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="基础模板" tabindex="-1">基础模板 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础模板" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础模板&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p><a href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/03-compose-file/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/03-compose-file/</a></p></blockquote><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3.8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># version是compose文件格式版本号 需要和Docker Engine对应 https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">service1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">image_name:version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定镜像</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">service1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#容器名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:							 #</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">指定环境变量</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">A=1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">B=2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">always</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#重启策略</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:                   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#数据卷挂载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:                     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#端口映射配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;6610:6610&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;6611:6611&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">privileged</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将服务容器配置为以提升的权限运行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">links</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:                      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#定义到另一个服务中的容器的网络链接,可以在此容器直接用服务名访问另一个容器，links也有服务之间的隐式依赖关系，因此也决定了服务启动的顺序。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">service2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">env_file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	- </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./a.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	- </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./b.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">devices</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/dev/sda:/dev/xvda:rwm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     - </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8.8.8.8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">service2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:                     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#构建配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定包含Dockerfile的目录或一个git仓库的url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dockerfile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">webapp.Dockerfile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定要使用的Dockerfile名称，默认找Dockerfile，和dockerfile_inline参数不能同时使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dockerfile_inline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#直接在compose文件里写Dockerfile指令 和dockerfile参数不能同时使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">FROM xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RUN some command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">service2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">network_mode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;host&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#配置网络模式，none(禁用所有容器网络)/host(使用宿主接口)/service:{name}(只能访问指定服务)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定容器连接的docker网络</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	- </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">netA</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	- </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">netB</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#依赖某个服务，决定了服务的启动和关闭顺序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	- </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">service3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3.8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># version是compose文件格式版本号 需要和Docker Engine对应 https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">service1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">image_name:version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定镜像</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">service1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#容器名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:							 #</span><span style="color:#032F62;">指定环境变量</span><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">A=1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">B=2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">always</span><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#重启策略</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:                   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#数据卷挂载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:                     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#端口映射配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;6610:6610&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;6611:6611&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">privileged</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将服务容器配置为以提升的权限运行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">links</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:                      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#定义到另一个服务中的容器的网络链接,可以在此容器直接用服务名访问另一个容器，links也有服务之间的隐式依赖关系，因此也决定了服务启动的顺序。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">service2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">env_file</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	- </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./a.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	- </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./b.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">devices</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/dev/sda:/dev/xvda:rwm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">dns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     - </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8.8.8.8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">service2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:                     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#构建配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#22863A;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定包含Dockerfile的目录或一个git仓库的url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dockerfile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">webapp.Dockerfile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定要使用的Dockerfile名称，默认找Dockerfile，和dockerfile_inline参数不能同时使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dockerfile_inline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#直接在compose文件里写Dockerfile指令 和dockerfile参数不能同时使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">FROM xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">RUN some command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">service2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">network_mode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;host&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#配置网络模式，none(禁用所有容器网络)/host(使用宿主接口)/service:{name}(只能访问指定服务)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定容器连接的docker网络</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	- </span><span style="color:#032F62;">netA</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	- </span><span style="color:#032F62;">netB</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#依赖某个服务，决定了服务的启动和关闭顺序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	- </span><span style="color:#032F62;">service3</span></span></code></pre></div>`,4),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const D=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{m as __pageData,D as default};
diff --git "a/assets/docker_Docker-compose_docker-compose\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.b2c8c149.lean.js" "b/assets/docker_Docker-compose_docker-compose\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.b2c8c149.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..160671b1d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/docker_Docker-compose_docker-compose\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.b2c8c149.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"docker-compose语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"docker/Docker-compose/docker-compose语法.md","filePath":"docker/Docker-compose/docker-compose语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"docker/Docker-compose/docker-compose语法.md"},o=l("",4),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const D=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{m as __pageData,D as default};
diff --git "a/assets/docker_Docker_Dockerfile\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.90ca25e4.js" "b/assets/docker_Docker_Dockerfile\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.90ca25e4.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8538be41
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/docker_Docker_Dockerfile\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.90ca25e4.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const D=JSON.parse('{"title":"Dockerfile语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"docker/Docker/Dockerfile语法.md","filePath":"docker/Docker/Dockerfile语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"docker/Docker/Dockerfile语法.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="dockerfile语法" tabindex="-1">Dockerfile语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dockerfile语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Dockerfile语法&quot;">​</a></h1><p>Docker可以通过读取Dockerfile中的指令自动构建映像。Dockerfile是一个文本文档，其中包含用户在命令行上调用来组装镜像的所有命令。</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-dockerfile vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dockerfile</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 注释</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">INSTRUCTION arguments</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 注释</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">INSTRUCTION arguments</span></span></code></pre></div><p>指令大小写不敏感，所以使用小写也不影响构建，但习惯上都将指令大写用于区分指令和参数。</p><p>Dockerfile必须以<code>FROM</code>指令开始(特殊情况：ARG指令）。</p><blockquote><div class="language-dockerfile vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dockerfile</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ARG</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  CODE_VERSION=latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> base:\${CODE_VERSION}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CMD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  /code/run-app</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ARG</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  CODE_VERSION=latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> base:\${CODE_VERSION}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CMD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  /code/run-app</span></span></code></pre></div></blockquote><h3 id="支持环境变量替换的指令" tabindex="-1">支持环境变量替换的指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#支持环境变量替换的指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;支持环境变量替换的指令&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>ADD</code></li><li><code>COPY</code></li><li><code>ENV</code></li><li><code>EXPOSE</code></li><li><code>FROM</code></li><li><code>LABEL</code></li><li><code>STOPSIGNAL</code></li><li><code>USER</code></li><li><code>VOLUME</code></li><li><code>WORKDIR</code></li><li><code>ONBUILD</code></li></ul><blockquote><div class="language-dockerfile vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dockerfile</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> busybox</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ENV</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FOO=/bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \${FOO}   # WORKDIR /bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> . $FOO       # ADD . /bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \\$FOO /quux # COPY $FOO /quux</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> busybox</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ENV</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FOO=/bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \${FOO}   # WORKDIR /bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> . $FOO       # ADD . /bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">COPY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \\$FOO /quux # COPY $FOO /quux</span></span></code></pre></div></blockquote><h2 id="基本模板" tabindex="-1">基本模板 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本模板" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本模板&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-dockerfile vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dockerfile</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> image_name:version </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> alias1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># FROM [--platform=&lt;platform&gt;] &lt;image&gt;[:&lt;tag&gt;] [AS &lt;name&gt;] 一个Dockerfile中FROM可以多次出现 用于构建多个镜像或者将一个构建阶段用作另一个构建阶段的依赖项</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAINTAINER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> storyxc #维护文档的人,现在用LABEL xxx=xxx代替了</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RUN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xxx </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RUN &lt;command&gt; shell格式，默认在linux上使用/bin/sh -c执行，windows上 cmd /S /C执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RUN [&#39;executable&#39;, &#39;param1&#39;, &#39;param2&#39;] exec格式 </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Deploy Biliup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> python:3.9 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> alias2</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ENV</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENV指定环境变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">EXPOSE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 19159/tcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">EXPOSE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 19149/udp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 注明暴露的端口，只是声明作用，实际没有功能</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hom* /mydir/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD指令用于向镜像内拷贝文件 目录 不仅能复制本机的文件，也能将远程URL的资源复制到镜像中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [--checksum=&lt;checksum&gt;] &lt;src&gt;... &lt;dest&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [&quot;&lt;src&gt;&quot;,... &quot;&lt;dest&gt;&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD可以识别压缩格式，把可解压的文件解压为目录，远程URL资源不会被解压</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VOLUME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /opt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定创建一个具有指定名称的挂载点 可以使用JSON数组格式 或多个参数纯字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> --from=alias1 /dir1 /dir2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># COPY [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] &lt;src&gt;... &lt;dest&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># COPY [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [&quot;&lt;src&gt;&quot;,... &quot;&lt;dest&gt;&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /opt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># WORKDIR指定工作目录，如果没有则会被创建，如果WORKDIR后出现了相对路径，都是相对WORKDIR的</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CMD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;param1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;param2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD指令有三种格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD [&quot;executable&quot;,&quot;param1&quot;,&quot;param2&quot;]  exec格式 最常用，不会有变量替换，需要变量替换需要使用shell格式或类似[&quot;shell&quot;, &quot;-c&quot;, &quot;e cho $HOME&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD [&quot;param1&quot;,&quot;param2&quot;] 作为ENTRYPOINT的默认参数，如果是这个用法 那么ENTRYPOINT指令也要用JSON数组的格式书写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD command param1 param2 shell格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 一个Dockerfile中只能有一个CMD指令，如果写了多个那么只有最后一个生效</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ENTRYPOINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;biliup&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENTRYPOINT [&quot;executable&quot;, &quot;param1&quot;, &quot;param2&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> image_name:version </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> alias1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># FROM [--platform=&lt;platform&gt;] &lt;image&gt;[:&lt;tag&gt;] [AS &lt;name&gt;] 一个Dockerfile中FROM可以多次出现 用于构建多个镜像或者将一个构建阶段用作另一个构建阶段的依赖项</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAINTAINER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> storyxc #维护文档的人,现在用LABEL xxx=xxx代替了</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RUN</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xxx </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RUN &lt;command&gt; shell格式，默认在linux上使用/bin/sh -c执行，windows上 cmd /S /C执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RUN [&#39;executable&#39;, &#39;param1&#39;, &#39;param2&#39;] exec格式 </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Deploy Biliup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> python:3.9 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> alias2</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ENV</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENV指定环境变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXPOSE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 19159/tcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXPOSE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 19149/udp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 注明暴露的端口，只是声明作用，实际没有功能</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hom* /mydir/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD指令用于向镜像内拷贝文件 目录 不仅能复制本机的文件，也能将远程URL的资源复制到镜像中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [--checksum=&lt;checksum&gt;] &lt;src&gt;... &lt;dest&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [&quot;&lt;src&gt;&quot;,... &quot;&lt;dest&gt;&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD可以识别压缩格式，把可解压的文件解压为目录，远程URL资源不会被解压</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VOLUME</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /opt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定创建一个具有指定名称的挂载点 可以使用JSON数组格式 或多个参数纯字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">COPY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> --from=alias1 /dir1 /dir2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># COPY [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] &lt;src&gt;... &lt;dest&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># COPY [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [&quot;&lt;src&gt;&quot;,... &quot;&lt;dest&gt;&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /opt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># WORKDIR指定工作目录，如果没有则会被创建，如果WORKDIR后出现了相对路径，都是相对WORKDIR的</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CMD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;param1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;param2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD指令有三种格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD [&quot;executable&quot;,&quot;param1&quot;,&quot;param2&quot;]  exec格式 最常用，不会有变量替换，需要变量替换需要使用shell格式或类似[&quot;shell&quot;, &quot;-c&quot;, &quot;e cho $HOME&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD [&quot;param1&quot;,&quot;param2&quot;] 作为ENTRYPOINT的默认参数，如果是这个用法 那么ENTRYPOINT指令也要用JSON数组的格式书写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD command param1 param2 shell格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 一个Dockerfile中只能有一个CMD指令，如果写了多个那么只有最后一个生效</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ENTRYPOINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;biliup&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENTRYPOINT [&quot;executable&quot;, &quot;param1&quot;, &quot;param2&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230324223443650.png" alt="image-20230324223443650"></p>`,14),e=[o];function t(c,r,i,y,u,E){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const g=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{D as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/docker_Docker_Dockerfile\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.90ca25e4.lean.js" "b/assets/docker_Docker_Dockerfile\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.90ca25e4.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f8c759da
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/docker_Docker_Dockerfile\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.90ca25e4.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const D=JSON.parse('{"title":"Dockerfile语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"docker/Docker/Dockerfile语法.md","filePath":"docker/Docker/Dockerfile语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"docker/Docker/Dockerfile语法.md"},o=l("",14),e=[o];function t(c,r,i,y,u,E){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const g=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{D as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/docker_Docker_\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.be50a4c2.js" "b/assets/docker_Docker_\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.be50a4c2.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a85d09916
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/docker_Docker_\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.be50a4c2.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as o,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"常用指令","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"docker/Docker/常用指令.md","filePath":"docker/Docker/常用指令.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"docker/Docker/常用指令.md"},n=l(`<h1 id="常用指令" tabindex="-1">常用指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常用指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常用指令&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="安装" tabindex="-1">安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://get.docker.com</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sh</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://get.docker.com</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sh</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="dockerfile给ubuntu换源" tabindex="-1">Dockerfile给ubuntu换源 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dockerfile给ubuntu换源" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Dockerfile给ubuntu换源&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-dockerfile vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dockerfile</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RUN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sed -i s@/archive.ubuntu.com/@/mirrors.aliyun.com/@g /etc/apt/sources.list</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RUN</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sed -i s@/archive.ubuntu.com/@/mirrors.aliyun.com/@g /etc/apt/sources.list</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="macos运行容器时同步宿主机时间" tabindex="-1">macOS运行容器时同步宿主机时间 <a class="header-anchor" href="#macos运行容器时同步宿主机时间" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;macOS运行容器时同步宿主机时间&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ls</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-la</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/localtime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cut</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d/</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f8-9</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ls</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-la</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /etc/localtime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cut</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d/</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f8-9</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="macos中容器访问宿主机" tabindex="-1">MacOS中容器访问宿主机 <a class="header-anchor" href="#macos中容器访问宿主机" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MacOS中容器访问宿主机&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以用<code>host.docker.internal</code>来访问宿主机</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://docs.docker.com/desktop/networking/#use-cases-and-workarounds" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.docker.com/desktop/networking/#use-cases-and-workarounds</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="构建跨平台镜像" tabindex="-1">构建跨平台镜像 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构建跨平台镜像" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构建跨平台镜像&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="docker-buildx" tabindex="-1">docker buildx <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-buildx" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker buildx&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建builder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cross-platform-builder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--driver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-container</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--use</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行构建</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--platform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linux/amd64,linux/arm64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">镜像名:tag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-o </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">type=registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">--push]</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看推送到远程的镜像信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">imagetools</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">inspect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">镜像名:tag</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建builder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">create</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cross-platform-builder</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--driver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-container</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--use</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行构建</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--platform</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linux/amd64,linux/arm64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">镜像名:tag</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-o </span><span style="color:#032F62;">type=registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">--push]</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看推送到远程的镜像信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">imagetools</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">inspect</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">镜像名:tag</span></span></code></pre></div><p>buildx 实例通过两种方式来执行构建任务，两种执行方式被称为使用不同的「驱动」：</p><ul><li><code>docker</code> 驱动：使用 Docker 服务程序中集成的 BuildKit 库执行构建。</li><li><code>docker-container</code> 驱动：启动一个包含 BuildKit 的容器并在容器中执行构建。</li></ul><p><code>docker</code> 驱动无法使用一小部分 <code>buildx</code> 的特性（如在一次运行中同时构建多个平台镜像），此外在镜像的默认输出格式上也有所区别：<code>docker</code> 驱动默认将构建结果以 Docker 镜像格式直接输出到 <code>docker</code> 的镜像目录（通常是 <code>/var/lib/overlay2</code>），之后执行 <code>docker images</code> 命令可以列出所输出的镜像；而 <code>docker container</code> 则需要通过 <code>--output</code> 选项指定输出格式为镜像或其他格式。</p><p><code>docker buildx build</code> 支持丰富的输出行为，通过<code>--output=[PATH,-,type=TYPE[,KEY=VALUE]</code> 选项可以指定构建结果的输出类型和路径等，常用的输出类型有以下几种：</p><ul><li>local：构建结果将以文件系统格式写入 <code>dest</code> 指定的本地路径， 如 <code>--output type=local,dest=./output</code>。</li><li>tar：构建结果将在打包后写入 <code>dest</code> 指定的本地路径。</li><li>oci：构建结果以 OCI 标准镜像格式写入 <code>dest</code> 指定的本地路径。</li><li>docker：构建结果以 Docker 标准镜像格式写入 <code>dest</code> 指定的本地路径或加载到 <code>docker</code> 的镜像库中。同时指定多个目标平台时无法使用该选项。</li><li>image：以镜像或者镜像列表输出，并支持 <code>push=true</code> 选项直接推送到远程仓库，同时指定多个目标平台时可使用该选项。</li><li>registry：<code>type=image,push=true</code> 的精简表示。</li></ul><blockquote><p><a href="https://waynerv.com/posts/building-multi-architecture-images-with-docker-buildx/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://waynerv.com/posts/building-multi-architecture-images-with-docker-buildx/</a></p></blockquote>`,19),p=[n];function c(t,r,d,i,y,E){return a(),o("div",null,p)}const h=s(e,[["render",c]]);export{F as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/docker_Docker_\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.be50a4c2.lean.js" "b/assets/docker_Docker_\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.be50a4c2.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2a1c44cb
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/docker_Docker_\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.be50a4c2.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as o,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"常用指令","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"docker/Docker/常用指令.md","filePath":"docker/Docker/常用指令.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"docker/Docker/常用指令.md"},n=l("",19),p=[n];function c(t,r,d,i,y,E){return a(),o("div",null,p)}const h=s(e,[["render",c]]);export{F as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git a/assets/docker_index.md.0766ccbd.js b/assets/docker_index.md.0766ccbd.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eca70f2bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/docker_index.md.0766ccbd.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as o,o as a,c as n,k as e,a as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Docker","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"docker/index.md","filePath":"docker/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),r={name:"docker/index.md"},i=e("h1",{id:"docker",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Docker "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#docker","aria-label":'Permalink to "Docker"'},"​")],-1),c=e("blockquote",null,[e("p",null,"Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications. Docker enables you to separate your applications from your infrastructure so you can deliver software quickly. With Docker, you can manage your infrastructure in the same ways you manage your applications. By taking advantage of Docker’s methodologies for shipping, testing, and deploying code quickly, you can significantly reduce the delay between writing code and running it in production.")],-1),s=[i,c];function d(l,p,u,k,f,h){return a(),n("div",null,s)}const y=o(r,[["render",d]]);export{m as __pageData,y as default};
diff --git a/assets/docker_index.md.0766ccbd.lean.js b/assets/docker_index.md.0766ccbd.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eca70f2bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/docker_index.md.0766ccbd.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as o,o as a,c as n,k as e,a as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Docker","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"docker/index.md","filePath":"docker/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),r={name:"docker/index.md"},i=e("h1",{id:"docker",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Docker "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#docker","aria-label":'Permalink to "Docker"'},"​")],-1),c=e("blockquote",null,[e("p",null,"Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications. Docker enables you to separate your applications from your infrastructure so you can deliver software quickly. With Docker, you can manage your infrastructure in the same ways you manage your applications. By taking advantage of Docker’s methodologies for shipping, testing, and deploying code quickly, you can significantly reduce the delay between writing code and running it in production.")],-1),s=[i,c];function d(l,p,u,k,f,h){return a(),n("div",null,s)}const y=o(r,[["render",d]]);export{m as __pageData,y as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_CSS.md.489dbb90.js b/assets/frontend_base_CSS.md.489dbb90.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb54b9e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_CSS.md.489dbb90.js
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"CSS","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/CSS.md","filePath":"frontend/base/CSS.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/base/CSS.md"},o=n(`<h1 id="css" tabindex="-1">CSS <a class="header-anchor" href="#css" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CSS&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="css特性" tabindex="-1">CSS特性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#css特性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CSS特性&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>继承性</li><li>层叠性</li><li>优先级：<code>继承 &lt; 通配符选择器 &lt; 标签选择器 &lt; 类选择器 &lt; id选择器 &lt; 行内样式 &lt; !important</code><ul><li><code>!important</code>写在属性值后面，分号前面</li><li><code>!important</code>不能提升继承的优先级，只要是继承优先级最低</li><li>复合选择器需要根据权重叠加计算（行内样式个数，id选择器个数，类选择器个数，标签选择器个数）</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>书写顺序：浏览器执行效率更高</p><ol><li>浮动 / display</li><li>盒子模型 margin border padding 宽高背景色</li><li>文字样式</li></ol></blockquote><h2 id="选择器" tabindex="-1">选择器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#选择器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;选择器&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>标签选择器 <code>tagName { css }</code></p></li><li><p>类选择器: <code>.class { css }</code></p></li><li><p>id选择器: <code>#id { css }</code></p></li><li><p>通配符选择器: <code>* { css }</code></p></li><li><p>复合选择器</p><ul><li>后代选择器: <code>选择器1 选择器2 { css }</code><ul><li>后代包含所有：子、孙子。。</li></ul></li><li>子代选择器: <code>选择器1 &gt; 选择器2 { css }</code><ul><li>只包括子</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>属性选择器: <code>选择器[attribute=xxx]</code></p></li><li><p>并集选择器: <code>选择器1,选择器2 { css }</code></p></li><li><p>交集选择器: <code>选择器1选择器2 { css }</code></p><ul><li>如果有标签选择器，标签选择器必须写在最前面</li></ul></li><li><p>伪类选择器: <code>标签:伪类选择器 { css }</code></p><ul><li><p>伪类</p><ul><li>状态（hover/active..)</li><li>结构（fisrt-child/last-child/nth-child()/nth-last-child())</li></ul></li><li><p>伪对象</p><ul><li><p>页面中非主体内容可以使用伪对象，由css模拟出标签效果</p></li><li><p><code>::before</code>、<code>::after</code></p></li><li><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.content::before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;test1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.content::after</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;test2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.content::before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;test1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.content::after</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;test2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>默认是行内元素，content必须添加 否则伪对象不生效</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="字体和文本样式" tabindex="-1">字体和文本样式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字体和文本样式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字体和文本样式&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="字体样式" tabindex="-1">字体样式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字体样式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字体样式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>字体大小：font-size</p><ul><li>取值：数字+px，Google Chrome默认16px</li></ul></li><li><p>字体粗细：font-weight</p><ul><li>关键字：normal/bold/bolder/lighter</li><li>数字：100-900的整百数，正常400 加粗700</li></ul></li><li><p>字体样式：font-style</p><ul><li>正常：normal</li><li>倾斜：italic</li></ul></li><li><p>字体类型：font-family</p><ul><li>从左往右查找，如果未安装，则显示下一个，如果都不支持则显示最后字体系列的默认字体，多个字体推荐引号包裹，最后一个字体系列不需要引号</li></ul></li><li><p>字体类型：属性连写</p><ul><li>style weight size family</li><li>只能省略前两个，省略相当于设置默认值</li><li>如果同时使用单独和连写，要么把单独的写在连写下面，或者写在连写里面</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="文本样式" tabindex="-1">文本样式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文本样式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文本样式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>文本缩进：text-indent</p><ul><li>取值：数字+px或者数字+em，推荐使用em（1em = 当前标签font-size的大小）</li></ul></li><li><p>文本水平对齐方式（内容对齐方式）：text-align</p><ul><li>left/center/right</li><li>如果需要让文本水平居中，text-align属性给文本所在的标签设置</li><li>能让哪些元素水平居中：文本、span、a、input、img，需要给元素的父元素设置居中</li></ul></li><li><p>文本修饰：text-decoration</p><ul><li>underline 下划线</li><li>line-through 删除线</li><li>overline 上划线</li><li>none 无装饰线</li></ul></li><li><p>行高：line-heigh</p><ul><li>行高：上间距+文本高度+下间距</li><li>控制两行文字之间的距离</li><li>取值：数字+px / 倍数 （当前标签font-size的倍数）</li><li>应用： <ul><li>让单行文本垂直居中可以设置line-height：文字父元素高度</li><li>网页精准布局会设置<code>line-height：1;</code>可以取消上下间距</li></ul></li><li>行高和font连写的注意点： <ul><li>如果同时设置了行高和font连写，需要注意覆盖问题</li><li><code>font: style weight size/line-height family;</code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="背景属性" tabindex="-1">背景属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景属性&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="背景色" tabindex="-1">背景色 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景色" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景色&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>属性：backgroud-color</p></li><li><p>取值：</p><ul><li>关键字</li><li>rgb</li><li>rgba</li><li>十六进制</li></ul></li><li><p>默认是透明：rgba(0,0,0,0)、transparent</p></li></ul><h3 id="背景图" tabindex="-1">背景图 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景图" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景图&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：backgroud-image</li><li>backgroud-image: url(&#39;图片链接&#39;)</li><li>url可以省略引号</li><li>背景图默认水平和垂直方向平铺</li></ul><h3 id="背景平铺" tabindex="-1">背景平铺 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景平铺" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景平铺&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：background-repeat</li><li>取值：repeat、no-repeat、repeat-x、repeat-y</li></ul><h3 id="背景位置" tabindex="-1">背景位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景位置&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>background-position</li><li>取值 <ul><li>方位： <ul><li>水平：left、center、right</li><li>垂直：top、center、bottom</li></ul></li><li>数字+px <ul><li>坐标系原点(0,0)，图片左上角</li><li>x轴 水平向右（图片向左移动取负数、向右移动取正数）</li><li>y轴 垂直向下（图片向上移动取负数、向下移动取正数）</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>方位和坐标可以混用，第一个值为水平，第二个值为垂直</li></ul><h3 id="背景属性连写" tabindex="-1">背景属性连写 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景属性连写" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景属性连写&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>background: color image repeat position</li></ul><h2 id="元素显示模式" tabindex="-1">元素显示模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素显示模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素显示模式&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="元素显示模式-1" tabindex="-1">元素显示模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素显示模式-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素显示模式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>块级元素 <ul><li>显示特点：独占一行，宽度默认是父元素宽度，高度默认由内容撑开，可以设置宽、高</li><li>代表标签：div、p、h、ul、li、dl、dt、dd、form、header、nav、footer。。。</li></ul></li><li>行内元素 <ul><li>显示特点：一行可以显示多个，宽度和高度默认由内容撑开，不能设置宽、高</li><li>代表标签：a、span、b、u、i、s、strong、ins、em、del。。。</li></ul></li><li>行内块元素 <ul><li>显示特点：一行可以显示多个，可以设置宽、高</li><li>代表标签：input、textarea、button、select</li><li>特殊：img标签有行内块特点，但是Chrome显示是inline</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="元素显示模式转换" tabindex="-1">元素显示模式转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素显示模式转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素显示模式转换&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">span</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">inline-block</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">inline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">block</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">span</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">inline-block</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">inline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">button</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">block</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="盒子模型" tabindex="-1">盒子模型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#盒子模型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;盒子模型&quot;">​</a></h2><p>页面中的每一个标签都可以看作一个“盒子”，通过盒子的视角更方便的进行布局。</p><p>每个盒子分别由：内容区域（content）、内边距区域（padding）、边框区域（border)、外边距区域（margin）构成。</p><hr><ul><li>内容区域宽高：weight/height <ul><li>取值 数字+px</li></ul></li><li>边框：border <ul><li>border：10px solid red;</li><li>border-top/bottom/left/right</li></ul></li><li>内边距：padding <ul><li>四方向顺序：上 右 下 左 （从上顺时针取值）</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>border和padding会撑大盒子，css属性box-sizing: border-box; 可以设置内减模式</p></blockquote><ul><li><p>外边距：margin</p><ul><li><p>顺序和padding一样</p></li><li><p>清除默认的内外边距</p><ul><li><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>版心居中</p><ul><li><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">auto</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#main</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">auto</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>顺序： 宽高背景色-&gt; 放内容 -&gt; 调整位置 -&gt; 调整文字细节</p></blockquote><ul><li><p>外边距问题</p></li><li><p>折叠现象：垂直布局的块级元素，上下的margin会被合并，取两者的最大值</p></li><li><p>塌陷现象：互相嵌套的块级元素，子元素的margin-top会作用在父元素上</p><ul><li>解决：1.父元素设置border-top或者padding-top(分隔父子元素的margin-top) 2.父元素设置<code>overflow: hidden;</code>3.转换为行内块元素4.设置浮动</li></ul></li><li><p>行内元素的内外边距问题：如果想通过margin/padding改变行内元素的<strong>垂直</strong>（top/bottom）位置，无法生效</p><ul><li>解决：设置行高</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="浮动" tabindex="-1">浮动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#浮动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;浮动&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="标准流" tabindex="-1">标准流 <a class="header-anchor" href="#标准流" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;标准流&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>标准流：又称文档流，浏览器在渲染显示网页内容时默认采取的一套排版规则，规定了何种方式排列元素 <ul><li>块级元素：从上往下，垂直布局，独占一行</li><li>行内元素/行内块元素：从左往右，水平布局，空间不够自动折行</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="浮动作用" tabindex="-1">浮动作用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#浮动作用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;浮动作用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>早期：图文环绕</li><li>现在：网页布局</li></ul><blockquote><p>块级元素转行内块时 换行会产生空格</p></blockquote><h3 id="浮动的规则" tabindex="-1">浮动的规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#浮动的规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;浮动的规则&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>向左浮动或者向右浮动直到<strong>自己的边界紧贴着包含块</strong>（一般是父元素）或者<strong>其他浮动元素的边界</strong>为止</p></li><li><p>不能超出包含块，如果元素是向左（右）浮动，浮动元素的左（右）边界不能超出包含块的左（右）边界</p></li><li><p>浮动元素不能层叠</p><ul><li>如果一个元素浮动，另一个浮动元素已经在那个位置了，后浮动的元素将<strong>紧贴着前一个浮动元素</strong>（左浮找左浮，右浮找右浮）</li><li><strong>如果水平方向剩余的空间不够显示浮动元素，浮动元素将向下移动，直到有充足的空间为止</strong></li></ul></li><li><p>浮动元素会将行内级元素内容推出</p><ul><li><p>浮动元素<strong>不能与行内级内容层叠</strong>，行内级内容将会被浮动元素推出</p></li><li><p>比如<strong>行内级元素</strong>、<strong>inline-block元素</strong>、块级元素的<strong>文字内容</strong></p></li><li><p>图文环绕效果</p></li></ul></li><li><p>浮动只能左右浮动, 不能超出本行的高度</p><ul><li>行内级元素、inline-block元素浮动后，其顶部将与所在行的顶部对齐</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="浮动特点" tabindex="-1">浮动特点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#浮动特点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;浮动特点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>浮动元素会脱离标准流，在标准流中不占位置 <ul><li>相当于从地面飘到了空中</li></ul></li><li>浮动元素比标准流高半个级别，可以覆盖标准流中的元素</li><li>浮动找浮动，下一个浮动元素会在上一个浮动元素后面左右浮动</li><li>浮动元素有特殊的显示效果 <ul><li>一行可以显示多个</li><li>可以设置宽高</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>浮动的元素不能通过text-align: center 或者margin: 0 auto居中</p></blockquote><h3 id="清除浮动" tabindex="-1">清除浮动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#清除浮动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;清除浮动&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>含义：清除浮动带来的影响。如果子元素浮动，此时子元素不能撑开标准流的块级父元素</p></li><li><p>原因：子元素浮动后脱离标准流 -&gt; 不占位置</p></li><li><p>目的：需要父元素有高度，不影响其他元素的布局</p></li><li><p>方法：</p><ul><li><p>给父元素加高度</p></li><li><p>额外标签：给父元素内容的最后加一个块级元素，给添加的块级元素设置<code>clear: both;</code></p></li><li><p>单伪元素：用伪元素代替额外标签</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">block</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">both</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">displat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">block</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">both</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">visibility</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">hidden</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">block</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">both</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">displat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">block</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">both</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">visibility</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">hidden</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>双伪元素：</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.clearfix::before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 解决外边距塌陷问题 */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">both</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.clearfix::before</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 解决外边距塌陷问题 */</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">table</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">both</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>父元素设置overflow: hidden</p><blockquote><p>BFC（Block Formatting Context）全称是块级格式化上下文，用于对块级元素排版，默认情况下只有根元素（body）一个块级上下文，但是如果一个块级元素设置了float:left,overflow:hidden或position:absolute样式，就会为这个块级元素生产一个独立的块级上下文，使这个块级元素内部的排版完全独立。</p><p>作用：独立的块级上下文可以包裹浮动流，全部浮动子元素也不会引起容器高度塌陷，就是说包含块会把浮动元素的高度也计算在内，所以就不用清除浮动来撑起包含块的高度。</p><p>那什么时候会触发 BFC 呢？常见的情况如下：</p><p>• 根元素；</p><p>• float的值不为none；</p><p>• overflow的值为auto、scroll或hidden；</p><p>• display的值为table-cell、table-caption和inline-block中的任何一个；</p><p>• position的值不为relative和static。</p></blockquote></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="定位" tabindex="-1">定位 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定位" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定位&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="作用" tabindex="-1">作用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#作用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;作用&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>可以让元素自由的摆放在网页的任意位置</li><li>一般用于盒子之间的层叠情况</li></ol><h3 id="常见应用场景" tabindex="-1">常见应用场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常见应用场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常见应用场景&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>可以解决盒子与盒子之间层叠问题 <ul><li>定位后的元素层级最高，可以层叠在其他盒子上面</li></ul></li><li>可以让盒子始终固定带屏幕中的某个位置</li></ul><h3 id="使用" tabindex="-1">使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>设置定位方式</p><ul><li><p>属性名：<code>position</code></p></li><li><p>常见属性：</p><ul><li><p>静态定位：static</p><ul><li>元素处于标准流中，默认设置</li></ul></li><li><p>相对定位：relative，相对自己之前的位置进行移动</p><ul><li>需要配合方位属性实现移动</li><li>相对自己原来的位置移动</li><li>在页面中占位置（没有脱标）</li><li>应用场景：1.配合绝对定位（子绝对 父相对） 2.用于小范围移动</li></ul></li><li><p>绝对定位：absolute，先找已经定位的父级（逐级查找），如果有这样的父级就以这个父级为参照定位，有父级但父级没有定位则以浏览器为参照定位</p><ul><li><p>页面中<strong>不占位置（脱标）</strong></p></li><li><p>改变标签的显示模式特点，<strong>具备行内块特点</strong></p></li><li><p>绝对定位的元素不能使用<code>margin: 0 auto</code>居中</p><ul><li><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">position: absolute;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">left: 50%;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">top: 50%;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">transform: translate(-50%, -50%);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">position: absolute;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">left: 50%;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">top: 50%;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">transform: translate(-50%, -50%);</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>固定定位：fixed，相对于浏览器进行定位移动</p><ul><li>需要配合方位属性实现移动</li><li>相对浏览器可视区域进行移动</li><li>在页面中<strong>不占位置（脱标）</strong>，<strong>具备行内块特点</strong></li><li>应用场景：让盒子固定在屏幕中某个位置</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>设置偏移值</p><ul><li>偏移值分为两个方向，水平和垂直方向各选一个使用即可，水平以left为准，垂直以top为准</li><li>选取原则一般是就近原则</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="元素层级问题" tabindex="-1">元素层级问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素层级问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素层级问题&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="不同布局方式元素的层级关系" tabindex="-1">不同布局方式元素的层级关系 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不同布局方式元素的层级关系" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不同布局方式元素的层级关系&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>标准流 &lt; 浮动 &lt; 定位</li></ul><h4 id="不同定位之间的层级关系" tabindex="-1">不同定位之间的层级关系 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不同定位之间的层级关系" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不同定位之间的层级关系&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>相对、绝对、固定默认层级相同</li><li>此时默认HTML中写在下面的元素层级更高，会覆盖上面的元素</li><li>z-index（配合定位才生效）：整数，取值越大，层级越高，显示顺序越靠上，z-index默认为0</li></ul><h2 id="定位装饰" tabindex="-1">定位装饰 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定位装饰" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定位装饰&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="垂直对齐方式" tabindex="-1">垂直对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#垂直对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;垂直对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：vertical-align</li><li>取值：baseline(默认，基线对齐)、top（顶部对齐）、middle（中部对齐）、bottom（底部对齐）</li></ul><blockquote><p>浏览器遇到行内和行内块标签当作文字处理，默认文字按照基线对齐</p></blockquote><h3 id="光标类型" tabindex="-1">光标类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#光标类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;光标类型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：cursor</li><li>常见取值： <ul><li>default（默认，通常是箭头）</li><li>pointer（小手，提示可以点击）</li><li>text（工字型，提示可以选择）</li><li>move（十字光标，提示可以移动）</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="边框圆角" tabindex="-1">边框圆角 <a class="header-anchor" href="#边框圆角" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;边框圆角&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>属性：border-radius</p></li><li><p>常见取值：数字+px、百分比</p></li><li><p>赋值：从左上角开始，顺时针赋值，没有赋值的看对角</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>正圆：正方形盒子，border-radius: 50%</p><p>胶囊按钮：长方形盒子，border-radius: 高度的一半</p><p>百分比表示的是圆角半径的大小为盒子较小边长的一半，例如盒子宽200px，高100px，border-radius: 50% 50%; 则这两个50%都是相对于100px的。</p></blockquote><h3 id="溢出部分显示效果" tabindex="-1">溢出部分显示效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#溢出部分显示效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;溢出部分显示效果&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：overflow</li><li>常见取值： <ul><li>visible 默认值，可见</li><li>hidden 隐藏</li><li>scroll 始终显示滚动条</li><li>auto 自动显示、隐藏滚动条</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="元素本身隐藏" tabindex="-1">元素本身隐藏 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素本身隐藏" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素本身隐藏&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性： <ul><li>visibility: hidden(占位隐藏)</li><li>display: none（不占位隐藏）</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="元素整体透明度" tabindex="-1">元素整体透明度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素整体透明度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素整体透明度&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：opacity</li><li>取值：0-1之间数字，1完全不透明，0完全透明</li><li>特点：opacity会让元素整体透明，包括里面的文字、子元素等</li></ul><h2 id="补充" tabindex="-1">补充 <a class="header-anchor" href="#补充" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;补充&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="精灵图" tabindex="-1">精灵图 <a class="header-anchor" href="#精灵图" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;精灵图&quot;">​</a></h3><p>CSS精灵图是一种将多个小的背景图片合并到一张大图中的技术，通过CSS的background-position属性控制显示不同的小图片，达到减少HTTP请求、减小页面大小、提高加载速度的效果。</p><p>CSS精灵图可以将多个小背景图像合并为一张大图，这样在页面上加载一次大图后，就可以通过background-position属性来控制显示不同的小图像，实现了将多个HTTP请求转化为一次请求，减小了网络延迟和服务器压力。同时，由于减少了HTTP请求和加载的内容大小，减小了页面的带宽消耗，加快了网页的加载速度，提高了用户的体验感受。</p><p>在web前端开发中，经常使用CSS精灵图技术，特别是在一些需要大量小icon的场合，如网站菜单栏、按钮、分页等等。</p><h3 id="背景图片大小" tabindex="-1">背景图片大小 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景图片大小" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景图片大小&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>设置背景图片的大小：<code>background-size: 宽 高</code></p></li><li><p>取值</p><ul><li>数字+px</li><li>百分比</li><li>contain：等比例缩放，直到不会超出盒子的最大</li><li>cover：等比例缩放，直到刚好填满整个盒子</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="background连写" tabindex="-1">background连写 <a class="header-anchor" href="#background连写" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;background连写&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>backgound：color image repeat position/size</code></p><h3 id="盒子阴影" tabindex="-1">盒子阴影 <a class="header-anchor" href="#盒子阴影" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;盒子阴影&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：<code>box-shadow</code></li><li>取值 <ul><li>h-shadow：必须，水平偏移量，允许负值</li><li>v-shadow：必须，垂直偏移量，允许负值</li><li>blur：可选，模糊度</li><li>spread：可选，阴影扩大</li><li>color：可选，阴影颜色</li><li>inset：可选，改为内部阴影</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="过渡" tabindex="-1">过渡 <a class="header-anchor" href="#过渡" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;过渡&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：<code>transition</code></li><li>作用：让元素样式慢慢变化，常配合hover使用</li><li>常见取值 <ul><li>过渡属性：all（所有能过渡的属性都过渡）、具体属性名如width（只有width过渡）</li><li>过渡时长： 数字+s</li></ul></li><li>注意点 <ul><li>默认状态和hover状态样式不同才有过渡效果</li><li>transition属性需要给过渡的元素本身加</li><li>transition属性设置在不同状态中，效果不同 <ul><li>给默认状态设置，鼠标移入移出都有效果</li><li>给hover状态设置，只有移入有过渡效果</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>.box {</p><p>​ width: 200px;</p><p>​ height: 200px;</p><p>​ background-color: pink;</p><p>​ /<em>transition: all 1s</em>/</p><p>​ transition: width 1s, background-color 2s;</p><p>}</p><p>.box hover {</p><p>​ width: 600px;</p><p>​ background-color: red;</p><p>}</p></blockquote><h3 id="字体图标" tabindex="-1">字体图标 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字体图标" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字体图标&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>展示的是图标，实质是文字，用作处理简单的、颜色单一的图片</p></li><li><p>iconfont</p></li><li><p><code>&lt;link rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; href=&quot;./iconfont.css&quot;</code></p></li><li><p><code>&lt;span class=&quot;iconfont icon-kuaijiezhifu&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</code></p></li></ul><h3 id="平面转换" tabindex="-1">平面转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#平面转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;平面转换&quot;">​</a></h3><p>平面转换（2D转换）：改变盒子在平面内的形态，可以使用transform属性实现元素的位移、旋转、缩放等效果</p><h4 id="位移" tabindex="-1">位移 <a class="header-anchor" href="#位移" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;位移&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>transform: translate(水平移动距离, 垂直移动距离)</code></li><li>取值： 1.像素单位数值 2.百分比（参照为自身盒子尺寸）</li><li>只给一个值代表x轴位移，单独设置:tranlateX() / translateY()</li></ul><h4 id="旋转" tabindex="-1">旋转 <a class="header-anchor" href="#旋转" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;旋转&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>语法：<code>transform: rotate(度数 + deg);</code> 正数：顺时针；负数：逆时针</li><li>transform-origin <ul><li>作用：改变转换的原点，默认的原点是盒子中心点</li><li><code>transform-origin: 原点水平位置 原点垂直位置</code></li><li>取值：方位名词（left、top、right、bottom、center</li><li>像素</li><li>百分比</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="多重转换" tabindex="-1">多重转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多重转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多重转换&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>transform: translate() rotate()</code></p><blockquote><p>rotate会改变坐标轴向，位移方向会受影响</p><p>多重转换如果涉及旋转，旋转往最后写</p></blockquote><h4 id="缩放" tabindex="-1">缩放 <a class="header-anchor" href="#缩放" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;缩放&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>scale：改变元素尺寸</li><li>语法：<code>transform: scale(x轴缩放倍数, y轴缩放倍数) </code></li><li>一般transform: scale(缩放倍数)，等比缩放</li><li>scale大于1表示放大，小于1表示缩小</li></ul><h4 id="渐变" tabindex="-1">渐变 <a class="header-anchor" href="#渐变" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;渐变&quot;">​</a></h4><p>linear-gradient</p><h3 id="空间转换" tabindex="-1">空间转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空间转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空间转换&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在空间内位移、旋转、缩放等效果</p><h4 id="空间位移" tabindex="-1">空间位移 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空间位移" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空间位移&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>transform: tranlate3d(x,y,z)</code></p><blockquote><p>单个坐标轴<code>transform: translat[X|Y|Z]</code></p></blockquote><h4 id="透视" tabindex="-1">透视 <a class="header-anchor" href="#透视" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;透视&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用perspective(视距)属性实现透视效果，<strong>添加给父级元素</strong>，取值一般800-1200</p><h4 id="空间旋转" tabindex="-1">空间旋转 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空间旋转" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空间旋转&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>transform: rotateX()</code></p><p><code>transform: rotateY()</code></p><p><code>transform: rotateZ()</code></p><p><code>transform: rotate3d(x,y,z,角度度数)</code>：用来设置自定义旋转轴的位置及旋转角度，xyz取值为0-1之间的数字</p><h4 id="立体呈现" tabindex="-1">立体呈现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#立体呈现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;立体呈现&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用<code>transform-style： perserve-3d</code>呈现立体图形</p><ul><li><p>父元素添加<code>transform-style： perserve-3d</code>使子集元素处于3d空间</p></li><li><p>默认值flat，表示子元素处于2D平面</p></li></ul><h4 id="空间缩放" tabindex="-1">空间缩放 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空间缩放" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空间缩放&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>transform: scaleX()</code></p><p><code>transform: scaleY()</code></p><p><code>transform: scaleY()</code></p><p><code>transform: scale3d(x,y,z)</code></p><h3 id="动画" tabindex="-1">动画 <a class="header-anchor" href="#动画" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;动画&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>animation</code>实现多个状态间的变化过程，动画过程可控（重复播放、最终画面、是否暂停）</p><h4 id="实现步骤" tabindex="-1">实现步骤 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现步骤" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现步骤&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li><p>定义动画</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@keyframes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">动画名称</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@keyframes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">动画名称</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 百分比指的是动画总时长的占比 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">0%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">10%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">15%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">100%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@keyframes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">动画名称</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@keyframes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">动画名称</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 百分比指的是动画总时长的占比 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">0%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">10%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">15%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">100%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>使用动画: <code>animation: 动画名称 动画花费时长</code></p></li></ol><h4 id="动画属性" tabindex="-1">动画属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#动画属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;动画属性&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>animation: 动画名称 动画时长 速度曲线 延迟时间 重复次数 动画方向 执行完毕时状态 播放状态</code></p><ul><li>动画名称和动画时长必须赋值</li><li>取值不分先后顺序</li><li>如果有2个时间，第一个表示动画时长，第二个表示延迟时间</li></ul><blockquote><ul><li>animation-name:</li><li>animation-duration</li><li>animation-timing-function:ease;ease-in;ease-out;ease-in-out;linear;step;</li><li>animation-delay</li><li>animation-iteration-count: 1,2,..infinite;</li><li>animation-direction: normal;reverse;alternate;alternate-reverse;</li><li>animation-fill-mode: forward;backward;both;</li><li>animation-play-state: pause;running;</li><li>animation-</li></ul></blockquote><h4 id="多组动画" tabindex="-1">多组动画 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多组动画" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多组动画&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>animation: 动画1,动画2...,动画n</code>;</p><h2 id="" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;&quot;">​</a></h2><h2 id="flex布局" tabindex="-1">flex布局 <a class="header-anchor" href="#flex布局" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;flex布局&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>是一种浏览器提倡的布局模型</li><li>布局网页更简单、灵活</li><li>避免了<code>浮动</code>脱标的问题</li></ul><h3 id="组成部分" tabindex="-1">组成部分 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组成部分" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组成部分&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>弹性容器</li><li>弹性项</li><li>主轴</li><li>侧轴/交叉轴</li></ul><h4 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">display: flex;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">display: flex;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="主轴对齐方式" tabindex="-1">主轴对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#主轴对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;主轴对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="主轴整体对齐" tabindex="-1">主轴整体对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#主轴整体对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;主轴整体对齐&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>justify-content</p></li><li><p>取值：</p><ul><li>left/right</li><li>start/end</li><li>flex-start</li><li>flex-end</li><li>center</li><li>space-between</li><li>space-around</li><li>space-evenly</li><li>first/last baseline</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="主轴单行对齐方式" tabindex="-1">主轴单行对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#主轴单行对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;主轴单行对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>justify-items：相当于给给每个项设置默认的justify-self值</li></ul><h4 id="主轴单个对齐方式" tabindex="-1">主轴单个对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#主轴单个对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;主轴单个对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>justify-self</li></ul><h3 id="侧轴对齐方式" tabindex="-1">侧轴对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侧轴对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侧轴对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="侧轴多行整体对齐" tabindex="-1">侧轴多行整体对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侧轴多行整体对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侧轴多行整体对齐&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>属性：align-content</li></ul><h4 id="侧轴单行对齐方式" tabindex="-1">侧轴单行对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侧轴单行对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侧轴单行对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>属性：align-items，相当于给每个项设置默认的align-self值</li><li>取值： <ul><li>center</li><li>stretch: 拉伸,默认值</li><li>start/end</li><li>flex-start/flex-end</li><li>self-[start/end]</li><li>first/last baseline</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="侧轴单个对齐方式" tabindex="-1">侧轴单个对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侧轴单个对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侧轴单个对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>属性：align-self</li></ul><h3 id="伸缩比" tabindex="-1">伸缩比 <a class="header-anchor" href="#伸缩比" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;伸缩比&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：<code>flex </code></li><li>说明: flex是<code>flex-grow</code>（增长系数）、<code>flex-shrink</code>（收缩系数）和<code>flex-basis</code>（初始尺寸）三个属性的简写，第一个无单位数代表flex-grow、第二无单位数代表flex-shrink，带像素单位的是flex-basis的值</li></ul><h3 id="修改主轴方向" tabindex="-1">修改主轴方向 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改主轴方向" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改主轴方向&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：flex-direction</li><li>取值： <ul><li>row</li><li>column</li><li>row-reverse</li><li>column-reverse</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="弹性项换行" tabindex="-1">弹性项换行 <a class="header-anchor" href="#弹性项换行" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;弹性项换行&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：flex-wrap</li><li>取值： <ul><li>nowrap</li><li>wrap</li><li>wrap-reverse</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="flex-flow" tabindex="-1">flex-flow <a class="header-anchor" href="#flex-flow" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;flex-flow&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>flex-flow：flex-direction flex-wrap;</li></ul><h2 id="移动适配" tabindex="-1">移动适配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#移动适配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;移动适配&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="rem" tabindex="-1">rem <a class="header-anchor" href="#rem" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;rem&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>相对单位</li><li>rem单位是相对HTML标签的字号计算结果</li><li>1rem=1HTML字号大小</li><li>将网页等分成10份，HTML标签的字号为视口宽度的1/10</li><li>px单位数值/基准根字号</li></ul><h3 id="媒体查询" tabindex="-1">媒体查询 <a class="header-anchor" href="#媒体查询" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;媒体查询&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 逻辑操作符 媒体类型 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (媒体特性) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  选择器 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CSS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (媒体特性) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  选择器 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CSS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">320</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">32</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 逻辑操作符 媒体类型 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (媒体特性) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  选择器 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CSS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (媒体特性) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  选择器 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CSS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">320</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">32</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><link rel="stylesheet" href="./one.css" media="(min-width: 992px)"><link rel="stylesheet" href="./two.css" media="(min-width: 1200px)"></blockquote><h4 id="关键词" tabindex="-1">关键词 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关键词" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关键词&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>and</li><li>only</li><li>not</li><li>or</li></ul><h4 id="媒体类型" tabindex="-1">媒体类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#媒体类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;媒体类型&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>screen（带屏幕的设备）</li><li>print（打印预览模式）</li><li>speech（屏幕阅读模式）</li><li>all（默认值）</li></ul><h4 id="媒体特性" tabindex="-1">媒体特性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#媒体特性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;媒体特性&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>视口宽高：width、height、max-width、max-height、min-width、min-height</li><li>屏幕方向：orientation，portrait竖屏，landscape横屏</li></ul><h3 id="vw-vh" tabindex="-1">vw/vh <a class="header-anchor" href="#vw-vh" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vw/vh&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>vw = 1/100视口宽度</li><li>vh = 1/100视口高度</li></ul><h2 id="less" tabindex="-1">Less <a class="header-anchor" href="#less" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Less&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Less（Leaner Style Sheets）是一门向后兼容的CSS 扩展语言，是一个CSS预处理器，扩充了CSS，使CSS具备一定的逻辑性、计算能力。</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://less.bootcss.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://less.bootcss.com</a></p></blockquote><h3 id="变量" tabindex="-1">变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@width: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@height: @width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: @width;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: @height;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@width: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@height: @width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: @width;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: @height;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>编译为</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="混合" tabindex="-1">混合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#混合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;混合&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dotted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">black</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">black</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#menu</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#111</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dotted</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">black</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">black</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#menu</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#111</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.post</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>.bordered</code> 类所包含的属性就将同时出现在 <code>#menu a</code> 和 <code>.post a</code> 中了。</p><h3 id="嵌套" tabindex="-1">嵌套 <a class="header-anchor" href="#嵌套" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;嵌套&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">black</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.navigation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.logo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">black</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.navigation</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.logo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">black</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.navigation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.logo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">black</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.navigation</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.logo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="规则嵌套和冒泡" tabindex="-1">规则嵌套和冒泡 <a class="header-anchor" href="#规则嵌套和冒泡" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;规则嵌套和冒泡&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">768</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">600</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-resolution</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192</span><span style="color:#F97583;">dpi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/img/retina2x.png</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">)</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1280</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">800</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">768</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">600</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-resolution</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">dpi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/img/retina2x.png</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">)</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1280</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">800</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>编译为</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">768</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">600</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">768</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-resolution</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192</span><span style="color:#F97583;">dpi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">/img/retina2x.png</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1280</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">800</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">768</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">600</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">768</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-resolution</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">dpi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">/img/retina2x.png</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1280</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">800</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="运算" tabindex="-1">运算 <a class="header-anchor" href="#运算" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;运算&quot;">​</a></h3><p>算术运算符 <code>+</code>、<code>-</code>、<code>*</code>、<code>/</code> 可以对任何数字、颜色或变量进行运算。如果可能的话，算术运算符在加、减或比较之前会进行单位换算。计算的结果以最左侧操作数的单位类型为准。如果单位换算无效或失去意义，则忽略单位。无效的单位换算例如：px 到 cm 或 rad 到 % 的转换。</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 所有操作数被转换成相同的单位</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@conversion-1: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">cm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#F97583;">mm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 6cm</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@conversion-2: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">cm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">mm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 -1.5cm</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// conversion is impossible</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@incompatible-units: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">cm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 4px</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// example with variables</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@base: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@filler: @base </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 10%</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@other: @base </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @filler; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 15%</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 所有操作数被转换成相同的单位</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@conversion-1: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">cm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">mm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 6cm</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@conversion-2: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">cm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">mm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 -1.5cm</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// conversion is impossible</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@incompatible-units: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">cm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 4px</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// example with variables</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@base: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@filler: @base </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 10%</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@other: @base </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @filler; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 15%</span></span></code></pre></div><p>乘法和除法不作转换。因为这两种运算在大多数情况下都没有意义，一个长度乘以一个长度就得到一个区域，而 CSS 是不支持指定区域的。Less 将按数字的原样进行操作，并将为计算结果指定明确的单位类型。</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@base: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">cm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">mm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 6cm</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@base: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">cm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">mm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 6cm</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="转义" tabindex="-1">转义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#转义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;转义&quot;">​</a></h3><p>转义（Escaping）允许你使用任意字符串作为属性或变量值。任何 <code>~&quot;anything&quot;</code> 或 <code>~&#39;anything&#39;</code> 形式的内容都将按原样输出，除非 <a href="https://less.bootcss.com/features/#variables-feature-variable-interpolation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">interpolation</a>。</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@min768: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">~</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;(min-width: 768px)&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.element</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @min768 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@min768: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">~</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;(min-width: 768px)&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.element</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @min768 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>编译为：</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">768</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.element</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">768</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.element</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注意，从 Less 3.5 开始，可以简写为：</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@min768: (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">768</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.element</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @min768 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@min768: (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">768</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.element</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @min768 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="函数" tabindex="-1">函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Less 内置了多种函数用于转换颜色、处理字符串、算术运算等。这些函数在<a href="https://less.bootcss.com/functions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Less 函数手册</a>中有详细介绍。</p><p>函数的用法非常简单。下面这个例子利用 percentage 函数将 0.5 转换为 50%，将颜色饱和度增加 5%，以及颜色亮度降低 25% 并且色相值增加 8 等用法：</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@base: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#f04615</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@width: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">percentage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@width); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// returns \`50%\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">saturate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@base, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">spin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lighten</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@base, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">25</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@base: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#f04615</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@width: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">percentage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@width); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// returns \`50%\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">saturate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@base, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">spin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lighten</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@base, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">25</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="映射" tabindex="-1">映射 <a class="header-anchor" href="#映射" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;映射&quot;">​</a></h3><p>从 Less 3.5 版本开始，你还可以将混合（mixins）和规则集（rulesets）作为一组值的映射（map）使用。</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#colors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  primary: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  secondary: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#colors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">primary</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#colors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">secondary</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#colors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  primary: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  secondary: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.button</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#colors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">primary</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#colors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">secondary</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>输出符合预期：</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.button</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="作用域" tabindex="-1">作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#作用域" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;作用域&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Less 中的作用域与 CSS 中的作用域非常类似。首先在本地查找变量和混合（mixins），如果找不到，则从“父”级作用域继承。</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@var: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#page</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  @var: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">white</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: @var; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// white</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@var: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#page</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  @var: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">white</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: @var; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// white</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>与 CSS 自定义属性一样，混合（mixin）和变量的定义不必在引用之前事先定义。因此，下面的 Less 代码示例和上面的代码示例是相同的：</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@var: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#page</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: @var; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// white</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  @var: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">white</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@var: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#page</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: @var; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// white</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  @var: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">white</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="导入" tabindex="-1">导入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导入&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;library&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; // library</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.less</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;typo.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;library&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; // library</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.less</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;typo.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>被引入的less文件不会生成单独的css文件</p></blockquote><h3 id="控制less编译输出" tabindex="-1">控制Less编译输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#控制less编译输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;控制Less编译输出&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>webstorm FileWatcher配置：</p><ul><li>npm install -g less</li><li>aruments:<code>--no-color $FileName$ ../css/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css</code></li><li>output paths to refresh : <code>../css/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css</code></li></ul><p>VS Code EasyLess配置：</p><ul><li>out: &quot;../css/&quot;</li><li>首行添加注释控制编译的输出情况 <ul><li>// out: ./dir/</li><li>// out: ./dir/xxx.css</li><li>// out: false</li></ul></li></ul></blockquote><h2 id="bootstrap" tabindex="-1">BootStrap <a class="header-anchor" href="#bootstrap" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;BootStrap&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p><code>&lt;link rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; href=&quot;https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css&quot;&gt;</code></p><p><code>&lt;script src=&quot;https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</code></p></blockquote><h3 id="栅格系统" tabindex="-1">栅格系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#栅格系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;栅格系统&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>栅格化是指将整个网页的宽度分成若干等份，BootStrap3默认将网页分为12等份</li></ul><table><thead><tr><th></th><th>超小屏幕</th><th>小屏幕</th><th>中等屏幕</th><th>大屏幕</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>响应断点</td><td>&lt;768px</td><td>&gt;=768px</td><td>&gt;=992px</td><td>&gt;=1200px</td></tr><tr><td>别名</td><td>xs</td><td>sm</td><td>md</td><td>lg</td></tr><tr><td>容器宽度</td><td>100%</td><td>750px</td><td>970px</td><td>1170px</td></tr><tr><td>类前缀</td><td>col-xs-*</td><td>col-sm-*</td><td>col-md-*</td><td>col-lg-*</td></tr><tr><td>列数</td><td>12</td><td>12</td><td>12</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>列间隙</td><td>30px</td><td>30px</td><td>30px</td><td>30px</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li><code>.container</code>是BootStrap中提供的类名，应用该类名的盒子，默认被指定宽度且居中</li><li><code>.container-fluid</code>是BootStrap中提供的类名，所有应用的盒子，宽度为100%</li><li>分别用<code>.row</code>类名和<code>.col</code>类名定义栅格布局的行和列</li></ul><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><ol><li>container类自带间距15px</li><li>row类自带间距-15px</li></ol></div><h3 id="bootstrap样式" tabindex="-1">bootstrap样式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#bootstrap样式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;bootstrap样式&quot;">​</a></h3><p><a href="https://v3.bootcss.com/css/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://v3.bootcss.com/css/</a></p><h3 id="bootstrap组件" tabindex="-1">bootstrap组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#bootstrap组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;bootstrap组件&quot;">​</a></h3><p><a href="https://v3.bootcss.com/components/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://v3.bootcss.com/components/</a></p><h2 id="record" tabindex="-1">Record <a class="header-anchor" href="#record" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Record&quot;">​</a></h2><h4 id="滚动条滑动效果" tabindex="-1">滚动条滑动效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#滚动条滑动效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;滚动条滑动效果&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scroll-behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">smooth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scroll-behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">smooth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,240),e=[o];function t(c,r,i,E,y,d){return a(),l("div",null,e)}const b=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_CSS.md.489dbb90.lean.js b/assets/frontend_base_CSS.md.489dbb90.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2632c360d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_CSS.md.489dbb90.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"CSS","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/CSS.md","filePath":"frontend/base/CSS.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/base/CSS.md"},o=n("",240),e=[o];function t(c,r,i,E,y,d){return a(),l("div",null,e)}const b=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_HTML.md.41f21a39.js b/assets/frontend_base_HTML.md.41f21a39.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..680cd84bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_HTML.md.41f21a39.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as t,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"HTML","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/HTML.md","filePath":"frontend/base/HTML.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"frontend/base/HTML.md"},l=o('<h1 id="html" tabindex="-1">HTML <a class="header-anchor" href="#html" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HTML&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="标签" tabindex="-1">标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;标签&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="排版标签" tabindex="-1">排版标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#排版标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;排版标签&quot;">​</a></h3><p>标题：h1-h6</p><p>段落：p</p><p>换行：br</p><p>水平分割线：hr</p><h3 id="文本格式化标签" tabindex="-1">文本格式化标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文本格式化标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文本格式化标签&quot;">​</a></h3><p>加粗：strong/b</p><p>下划线：ins/u</p><p>倾斜：em/i</p><p>删除线：del/s</p><h3 id="媒体标签" tabindex="-1">媒体标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#媒体标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;媒体标签&quot;">​</a></h3><p>图片：img</p><p>音频：audio [src|controls|autoplay|loop]</p><p>视频：video [src|controls|autoplay|loop]</p><h3 id="链接" tabindex="-1">链接 <a class="header-anchor" href="#链接" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;链接&quot;">​</a></h3><p>超链接：a</p><h3 id="列表" tabindex="-1">列表 <a class="header-anchor" href="#列表" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;列表&quot;">​</a></h3><p>有序列表：ol &gt; li</p><p>无序列表：ul &gt; li</p><p>自定义列表：dl &gt; dt &gt; dd</p><h3 id="表格" tabindex="-1">表格 <a class="header-anchor" href="#表格" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;表格&quot;">​</a></h3><p>table &gt; tr &gt; td</p><p>th：表头</p><p>caption：标题</p><p>结构标签：thead/tbody/tfoot</p><p>合并单元格：rowspan-跨行合并 colspan-跨列合并（不能跨结构标签合并）</p><h3 id="表单" tabindex="-1">表单 <a class="header-anchor" href="#表单" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;表单&quot;">​</a></h3><p>input系列：text/password/radio/checkbox/file/submit/reset/button</p><p>button</p><p>select</p><p>textarea</p><p>label</p><h3 id="语义化标签" tabindex="-1">语义化标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语义化标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语义化标签&quot;">​</a></h3><p>没有语义的布局标签：div/span</p><p>语义化标签：header/nav/footer/aside/section/article(显示特点和div一致，多了语义)</p><h3 id="字符实体" tabindex="-1">字符实体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字符实体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字符实体&quot;">​</a></h3><p>空格：<code>&amp;nbsp</code></p><h3 id="骨架结构标签" tabindex="-1">骨架结构标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#骨架结构标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;骨架结构标签&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</code>：声明网页HTML版本</li><li><code>&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;</code>：标识网页使用的语言，作用：搜索引擎归类+浏览器翻译， <code>zh-CN</code>/<code>en</code></li><li><code>&lt;meta&gt;</code>：元数据标签，元数据是关于文档的数据，例如文档的作者、字符集、关键字和描述等信息，这些信息对于搜索引擎的抓取和用户的浏览很有帮助。 <ul><li>charset：指定文档的字符编码。</li><li>name：定义元数据的名称。</li><li>content：定义元数据的内容。</li><li>http-equiv：提供有关如何处理文档的其他信息。</li><li>viewport：指定当前网页的视口（viewport）尺寸和缩放比例，以便浏览器正确渲染页面。</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="seo-search-engine-optimization-标签" tabindex="-1">SEO（Search Engine Optimization）标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#seo-search-engine-optimization-标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SEO（Search Engine Optimization）标签&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>&lt;title&gt;</code>:网页标题</li><li><code>&lt;meta name=&quot;description&quot;&gt;</code>：网页描述标签</li><li><code>&lt;meta name=&quot;keywords&quot;</code>：网页关键词</li></ul><h3 id="ico图标" tabindex="-1">ico图标 <a class="header-anchor" href="#ico图标" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ico图标&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>&lt;link rel=&quot;icon&quot; href=&quot;favicon.ico&quot;&gt;</code></p>',45),r=[l];function n(d,h,c,p,s,u){return e(),t("div",null,r)}const q=a(i,[["render",n]]);export{m as __pageData,q as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_HTML.md.41f21a39.lean.js b/assets/frontend_base_HTML.md.41f21a39.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b1e6e8aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_HTML.md.41f21a39.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as t,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"HTML","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/HTML.md","filePath":"frontend/base/HTML.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"frontend/base/HTML.md"},l=o("",45),r=[l];function n(d,h,c,p,s,u){return e(),t("div",null,r)}const q=a(i,[["render",n]]);export{m as __pageData,q as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_JavaScript.md.c1a9a326.js b/assets/frontend_base_JavaScript.md.c1a9a326.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f580ddd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_JavaScript.md.c1a9a326.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1461 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"JavaScript","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/JavaScript.md","filePath":"frontend/base/JavaScript.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/base/JavaScript.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="javascript" tabindex="-1">JavaScript <a class="header-anchor" href="#javascript" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;JavaScript&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="组成" tabindex="-1">组成 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组成" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组成&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>ECMAScript：规定了js基础语法，比如变量、分支语句、循环语句、对象等</li><li>Web APIs <ul><li>DOM：操作文档，比如对页面元素移动、添加删除等操作</li><li>BOM：操作浏览器，比如页面弹窗、检测窗口宽度、存储数据到浏览器等</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="基本语法" tabindex="-1">基本语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本语法&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="输入" tabindex="-1">输入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#输入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;输入&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>prompt()</code></p><h3 id="输出" tabindex="-1">输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;输出&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>console.log()</code></p><p><code>document.write()</code></p><p><code>alert()</code></p><blockquote><p>alert和prompt会跳过页面渲染先被执行</p></blockquote><h3 id="变量" tabindex="-1">变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="声明" tabindex="-1">声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>let</code></li></ul><blockquote><p>比较旧的JavaScript中使用var声明变量</p><p>var的一些问题：</p><ul><li>可以先使用，再声明</li><li>var声明过的变量可以重复声明</li><li>变量提升、全局变量、没有块级作用域</li></ul></blockquote><h4 id="命名" tabindex="-1">命名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#命名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;命名&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>只能下划线、字母、数字、$，且不能数字开头</li><li>字母区分大小写</li></ul><h5 id="规范" tabindex="-1">规范 <a class="header-anchor" href="#规范" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;规范&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>小驼峰</li></ul><h3 id="数组" tabindex="-1">数组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>let arr = [1, 2, 3]</code> / <code>let arr = new Array(1, 2, 3)</code></p></li><li><p>数组有序</p></li><li><p>取值：数组[下标]</p></li><li><p>长度：数组.length</p></li><li><p>修改：arr[下标] = 新值</p></li><li><p>增加</p><ul><li>arr.push() 将一个或多个元素新增到末尾，返回新的数组长度</li><li>arr.unshift()将一个或多个元素新增到开头，返回新的数组长度</li></ul></li><li><p>删除</p><ul><li>arr.pop() 删除最后一个元素，并返回该元素的值</li><li>arr.shift()删除第一个元素，并返回该元素的值</li><li>arr.splice(操作的下标，删除的个数)，删除指定元素并返回</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="常量" tabindex="-1">常量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常量&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>声明：<code>const</code></li><li>声明常量必须赋值</li></ul><h3 id="数据类型" tabindex="-1">数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据类型&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="基本数据类型" tabindex="-1">基本数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本数据类型&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>number</p></li><li><p>string</p><ul><li><p>模板字符串: 使用反引号包裹数据，使用\${}替换数据</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> age </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`我今年\${</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}岁\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> age </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`我今年\${</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}岁\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>boolean</p></li><li><p>undefined</p><ul><li>没有赋值</li><li>undefined +1 -&gt; NaN</li></ul></li><li><p>null</p><ul><li>内容为空</li><li>null + 1 -&gt; 1</li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="nan" tabindex="-1">NaN <a class="header-anchor" href="#nan" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;NaN&quot;">​</a></h5><p>NaN代表一个计算错误，是一个不正确或未定义的数学操作得到的结果，任何对NaN的操作都会返回NaN</p><h4 id="typeof" tabindex="-1">typeof <a class="header-anchor" href="#typeof" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;typeof&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>运算符写法：typeof 变量</li><li>函数写法：typeof(变量)</li></ul><h4 id="数据类型转换" tabindex="-1">数据类型转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据类型转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据类型转换&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="隐式转换" tabindex="-1">隐式转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#隐式转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;隐式转换&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>+</code>号两边只要有字符串，都会转字符串</li><li>除了<code>+</code>，其他算数运算符会把数据转换为数字类型</li><li><code>+</code>作为正号可以转换数字</li></ul><h5 id="显式转换" tabindex="-1">显式转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#显式转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;显式转换&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>Number(变量)</li></ul><h4 id="引用数据类型" tabindex="-1">引用数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#引用数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;引用数据类型&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>object</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  uname: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;abc&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  gender: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;女&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">speak</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  uname: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;abc&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  gender: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;女&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">speak</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>属性名可以用引号，一般省略，除非遇到特殊符号（空格、中横线等）</li></ul></li><li><p>查看:</p><ul><li>对象.属性</li><li>对象[&#39;属性&#39;]</li></ul></li><li><p>修改: 对象.属性 = 新值</p></li><li><p>新增: 对象.新属性 = 值</p></li><li><p>删除: delete 对象.属性</p></li><li><p>对象方法: 对象.方法名()</p></li><li><p>遍历对象</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> k </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(obj[k]) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//k带引号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> k </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(obj[k]) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//k带引号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>for in遍历数组 是数组下标，但是是字符串</p></blockquote><h3 id="运算符" tabindex="-1">运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="赋值运算符" tabindex="-1">赋值运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#赋值运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;赋值运算符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>+=</li><li>-=</li><li>*=</li><li>/=</li><li>%=</li></ul><h4 id="一元运算符" tabindex="-1">一元运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#一元运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;一元运算符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>++</code></li><li><code>--</code></li></ul><h4 id="比较运算符" tabindex="-1">比较运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#比较运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;比较运算符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>&lt;</code></li><li><code>&gt;</code></li><li><code>&gt;=</code></li><li><code>&lt;=</code></li><li><code>==</code>: 值是否相等</li><li><code>===</code>：类型和值是否都相等</li><li><code>!==</code>：是否不全等</li></ul><h4 id="逻辑运算符" tabindex="-1">逻辑运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#逻辑运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;逻辑运算符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>&amp;&amp;</code></li><li><code>||</code></li><li><code>!</code></li></ul><h3 id="流程控制语句" tabindex="-1">流程控制语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程控制语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程控制语句&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>if</p><ul><li>除了0，所有的数字都为真</li><li>除了&#39;&#39;，所有字符串都为真</li></ul></li><li><p>switch case</p><ul><li><p>数据和值必须满足全等<code>===</code></p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (数据) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 值1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 值2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    代码n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (数据) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 值1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 值2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    代码n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li></li></ul></li><li><p>三元运算符</p></li></ul><h3 id="循环控制语句" tabindex="-1">循环控制语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#循环控制语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;循环控制语句&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>while</li><li>for</li><li>break/continue</li></ul><h3 id="函数" tabindex="-1">函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">函数名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">参数列表</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  函数体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">函数名</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">参数列表</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  函数体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>命名 小驼峰</p></li><li><p>return</p><ul><li>没有return 默认返回undefined</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="作用域" tabindex="-1">作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#作用域" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;作用域&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>全局变量 <ul><li>局部变量或块级变量 没有let声明直接赋值的当全局变量看（不提倡）</li></ul></li><li>局部变量</li></ul><h3 id="匿名函数" tabindex="-1">匿名函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名函数&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>函数表达式：把匿名函数赋值给一个变量，通过变量名调用</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>立即执行函数</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>前一个括号声明，后一个括号调用</p></li><li><p>分号</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="逻辑中断" tabindex="-1">逻辑中断 <a class="header-anchor" href="#逻辑中断" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;逻辑中断&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>短路：只存在<code>&amp;&amp;</code>和<code>||</code>中，当满足一定条件会让右边代码不执行 <ul><li><code>&amp;&amp;</code>：左边为false就短路</li><li><code>||</code>：左边为true就短路</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="转换boolean" tabindex="-1">转换boolean <a class="header-anchor" href="#转换boolean" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;转换boolean&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>&quot;&quot;: false</p></li><li><p>0: false</p></li><li><p>undefined: false</p></li><li><p>null: false</p></li><li><p>NaN: false</p></li><li><p>&quot;&quot; + 1 = 1</p></li><li><p>null经过数字转换会变0</p></li><li><p>undefined经过数字转换会变NaN</p></li></ul><h2 id="web-apis" tabindex="-1">Web APIs <a class="header-anchor" href="#web-apis" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Web APIs&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="dom" tabindex="-1">DOM <a class="header-anchor" href="#dom" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DOM&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="获取dom元素" tabindex="-1">获取DOM元素 <a class="header-anchor" href="#获取dom元素" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;获取DOM元素&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>document.querySelector(CSS选择器)：获取匹配的第一个元素</li><li>document.querySelectorAll(CSS选择器)：获取匹配的多个元素</li><li>document.getElementById()：通过元素的 id 属性获取一个 DOM 元素</li><li>document.getElementsByName()：通过元素的 name 属性获取一个类数组的元素集合，该方法返回一个 NodeList 对象</li><li>document.getElementsByClassName()：方法通过元素的 name 属性获取一个类数组的元素集合，该方法返回一个 NodeList 对象</li><li>document.getElementsBytagName()：通过元素的标签名获取一个类数组的元素集合，该方法返回一个 NodeList 对象</li></ul><h4 id="操作元素内容" tabindex="-1">操作元素内容 <a class="header-anchor" href="#操作元素内容" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;操作元素内容&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>对象.innerText</p></li><li><p>对象.innerHTML</p></li><li><p>对象.属性=值</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;img&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">image.src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">image.title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;123&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;img&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">image.src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">image.title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;123&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>对象.style.样式属性=值</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">box.style.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;300px&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">box.backgroundColor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pink&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//小驼峰</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">box.style.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;300px&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">box.backgroundColor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pink&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//小驼峰</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>通过类名修改属性，会覆盖</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//定义好类对应的属性，给对象添加类名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">对象.className </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 类名</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//定义好类对应的属性，给对象添加类名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">对象.className </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 类名</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>通过classList操作类控制CSS，用于追加和删除</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//追加</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//删除</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//切换</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//追加</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//删除</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//切换</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>自定义属性</p><ul><li><p>H5中推出的data-自定义属性</p></li><li><p>在标签上一律以<code>data-</code>开头</p></li><li><p>DOM对象上一律以<code>dataset</code>对象方式获取</p></li><li><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;box&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;10&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;盒子&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.box&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(box.dataset.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;box&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;10&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;盒子&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">box</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.box&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(box.dataset.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="事件监听" tabindex="-1">事件监听 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件监听" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件监听&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>元素对象.addEventListener(&#39;事件类型&#39;, 要执行的函数)</li></ul><blockquote><p>元素.on事件：也可以添加事件监听，但会被覆盖，且只能冒泡 不能捕获，addEventListener不会被覆盖，能冒泡 也能捕获。</p></blockquote><ul><li>事件类型 <ul><li>鼠标事件 <ul><li>click</li><li>mouseenter: 没冒泡，只会在鼠标进入目标元素时触发一次</li><li>mouseover：有冒泡，事件在鼠标经过目标元素或任何子元素时会不断触发</li><li>mouseleave</li><li>mousemove: 鼠标移动</li></ul></li><li>焦点事件 <ul><li>focus</li><li>blur</li></ul></li><li>键盘事件 <ul><li>keydown</li><li>keyup</li></ul></li><li>文本事件 <ul><li>input</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="事件对象" tabindex="-1">事件对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p>事件对象中有事件触发时的相关信息，例如鼠标点击时的位置，键盘按下时的键位</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="常用对象属性" tabindex="-1">常用对象属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常用对象属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常用对象属性&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>type：事件类型</li><li>clientX/clientY:光标相对于浏览器可见窗口左上角的位置</li><li>offsetX/offsetY：光标相对于当前DOM元素左上角的位置</li><li>key：用户按下的键盘的值，现在不提倡使用keyCode</li></ul><h4 id="环境对象" tabindex="-1">环境对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#环境对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;环境对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p>指的是函数内部特殊的变量<code>this</code>，它代表着当前函数运行时所处的环境</p><ul><li>函数的调用方式不同，<code>this</code>的指代对象也不通</li><li><code>this</code>指向的粗略规则是谁调用指向谁（addEventListener指向绑定的元素，普通函数指向window）</li></ul><h4 id="回调函数" tabindex="-1">回调函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#回调函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;回调函数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>函数A作为参数传递给函数B，A就被称为回调函数</p><h4 id="事件流" tabindex="-1">事件流 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件流" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件流&quot;">​</a></h4><p>事件流指的是事件完整执行过程中的流动路径</p><h5 id="事件捕获" tabindex="-1">事件捕获 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件捕获" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件捕获&quot;">​</a></h5><p>DOM的根元素开始去执行对应的事件（从父元素到子元素）</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DOM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(事件类型, 函数, 是否使用捕获机制)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">DOM</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(事件类型, 函数, 是否使用捕获机制)</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>L0事件只有冒泡，没有捕获</p></blockquote><h5 id="事件冒泡" tabindex="-1">事件冒泡 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件冒泡" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件冒泡&quot;">​</a></h5><p>当一个元素的事件被触发时，同样的事件会在该元素的所有祖先元素中依次被触发。这一过程被称为事件冒泡（从子元素到父元素）</p><ul><li><p>简单理解：当一个元素触发事件后，会依次向上调用所有父级元素的<strong>同名事件</strong></p></li><li><p>事件冒泡是默认存在的</p></li></ul><h5 id="阻止事件传播" tabindex="-1">阻止事件传播 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阻止事件传播" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阻止事件传播&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>事件对象.stopPropagation()</li><li>阻断事件流动传播，既能阻止冒泡，也能阻止捕获</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stopPropagation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stopPropagation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="解绑事件" tabindex="-1">解绑事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解绑事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解绑事件&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><p>on事件方式</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 绑定事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onClick</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解绑事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.onClick </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 绑定事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onClick</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解绑事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.onClick </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>addEventListener方式</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//绑定事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, fn)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//解绑事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">removeEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, fn)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//绑定事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, fn)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//解绑事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">removeEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, fn)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>匿名函数无法解绑</p></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="事件委托" tabindex="-1">事件委托 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件委托" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件委托&quot;">​</a></h5><p>事件委托是利用事件流特征解决开发问题的技巧，可以减少事件注册次数，提高程序性能，原理是利用事件冒泡特点，给父元素注册事件，当触发子元素的时候，会冒泡到父元素身上，从而触发父元素的事件</p><h5 id="阻止元素默认行为" tabindex="-1">阻止元素默认行为 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阻止元素默认行为" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阻止元素默认行为&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>e.preventDefault()</code></p><h5 id="其他事件" tabindex="-1">其他事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#其他事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;其他事件&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><p>页面加载事件</p><ul><li><p>外部资源加载完毕时触发的事件</p><ul><li><p>等待页面所有资源加载完毕，执行回调函数：<code>window.addEventListener(&#39;load&#39;, function() {})</code></p><blockquote><p>也可以针对某个资源绑定事件：img.addEventListener(&#39;load&#39;, function() {})</p></blockquote></li></ul></li><li><p>初始HTML文档被完全加载和解析完成后，DOMContentLoaded事件被触发，无需等待样式表、图像等完全加载</p><ul><li><code>document.addEventListener(&#39;DOMContentLoaded&#39;, function() {})</code></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>页面滚动事件</p><ul><li><p>滚动条在滚动的时候持续触发的事件</p><ul><li><code>window.addEventListener(&#39;scroll&#39;, function() {})</code></li><li>给window或document添加scroll事件</li><li>也可以监听某个元素内部滚动</li></ul></li><li><p>获取滚动位置</p><ul><li><p>scrollLeft**（可读写）**</p></li><li><p>scrollTop**（可读写）**</p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">window.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;scroll&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.documentElement.scrollTop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">window.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;scroll&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.documentElement.scrollTop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>document.documentElement返回对象为HTML元素</p><html lang="en"><head>...</head><body>...</body></html></blockquote></li></ul></li><li><p>滚动到指定坐标</p><ul><li>scrollTo(x, y)</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>页面尺寸事件</p><ul><li>窗口尺寸改变时触发的事件<code>resize</code><ul><li><code>window.addEventListener(&#39;resize&#39;, function() {})</code></li></ul></li><li>获取元素可见部分的宽高<code>clientWidth</code>、<code>clientHeight</code><ul><li>不包含border，margin，滚动条</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="元素尺寸位置" tabindex="-1">元素尺寸位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素尺寸位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素尺寸位置&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="获取宽高" tabindex="-1">获取宽高 <a class="header-anchor" href="#获取宽高" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;获取宽高&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>offsetWidth和offsetHeight</li><li>获取元素自身的宽高，包含padding，border</li><li>结果是数值</li><li>获取的是可视宽高，如果盒子隐藏，结果是0</li></ul><h5 id="获取位置" tabindex="-1">获取位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#获取位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;获取位置&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>offsetLeft和offsetTop</li><li>获取元素距离自己<strong>定位</strong>父级元素的左、上距离，<strong>只读属性</strong></li></ul><h5 id="获取元素大小及其相对视口的位置" tabindex="-1">获取元素大小及其相对视口的位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#获取元素大小及其相对视口的位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;获取元素大小及其相对视口的位置&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>element.getBoundingClientRect()</code></li></ul><h4 id="日期对象" tabindex="-1">日期对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#日期对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;日期对象&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>实例化</p><ul><li><code>const date = new Date()</code></li><li><code>const date = new Date(&#39;2023-4-8 08:00:00&#39;)</code></li></ul></li><li><p>常用方法</p><ul><li>getFullYear():四位数年份</li><li>getMonth():月份，范围0-11</li><li>getDate():获取月份中的每一天</li><li>getDay():获取星期，0-6</li><li>getHours():小时，0-23</li><li>getMinutes():分钟，0-59</li><li>getSeconds():秒，0-59</li><li>toLocaleString(): yyyy/m/d HH:mm:ss</li></ul></li><li><p>时间戳</p><ul><li><code>date.getTime()</code></li><li><code>+new Date()</code></li><li><code>Date.now()</code></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="dom节点" tabindex="-1">DOM节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dom节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DOM节点&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="节点类型" tabindex="-1">节点类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#节点类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;节点类型&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>元素节点</li><li>属性节点</li><li>文本节点</li><li>其他（注释、文档类型、CDATA、实体引用、处理指令。。。）</li></ul><h5 id="查找节点" tabindex="-1">查找节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查找节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查找节点&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>父节点 <ul><li>元素.parentNode</li></ul></li><li>子节点 <ul><li>元素.childNodes：获取所有子节点，包括文本（空格、换行）、注释节点等</li><li>元素.children：仅获取元素节点，返回的是一个伪数组</li></ul></li><li>兄弟节点 <ul><li>nextElementSibling：下一个兄弟节点</li><li>previousElementSibling:上一个兄弟节点</li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="新增节点" tabindex="-1">新增节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新增节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新增节点&quot;">​</a></h5><h6 id="创建节点" tabindex="-1">创建节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建节点&quot;">​</a></h6><ul><li><code>const div = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;)</code></li></ul><h6 id="追加节点" tabindex="-1">追加节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#追加节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;追加节点&quot;">​</a></h6><ul><li><p><code>父元素.appendChild(div)</code></p></li><li><p><code>父元素.insertBefore(要插入的元素, 在哪个元素前面)</code>：插入某个元素之前</p><ul><li>例：<code>ul.insertBefore(li, ul.children[0])</code></li></ul></li></ul><h6 id="克隆节点" tabindex="-1">克隆节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#克隆节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;克隆节点&quot;">​</a></h6><ul><li>元素.cloneNode(布尔值) <ul><li>true：克隆时会包含后代节点一起克隆</li><li>false：不包含后代节点，默认值</li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="删除节点" tabindex="-1">删除节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除节点&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>父元素.removeChild(子元素)</code></li></ul><h3 id="bom" tabindex="-1">BOM <a class="header-anchor" href="#bom" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;BOM&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="组成-1" tabindex="-1">组成 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组成-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组成&quot;">​</a></h4><p>BOM（Browser Object Model）是浏览器对象模型，包含：navigator、location、document、history、screen</p><p>window是一个全局对象，document、alert()、console.log()都是window的属性</p><ul><li>所有通过<code>var</code>定义在全局作用域中的变量、函数都会变成window对象的属性和方法</li><li>window对象下的属性和方法调用的时候可以省略window</li></ul><h4 id="定时器" tabindex="-1">定时器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定时器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定时器&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="延时函数" tabindex="-1">延时函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#延时函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;延时函数&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>let timer = setTimeout(回调函数, 等待时间ms)</code>，返回id，setTimeout只执行一次</li><li>关闭：<code>clearTimeout(timer)</code></li></ul><h5 id="间歇函数" tabindex="-1">间歇函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#间歇函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;间歇函数&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>let interval = setInterval(函数, 间隔时间ms)</code>，返回的是的是一个id数字，不断执行</li><li>关闭：<code>clearInterval(interval)</code></li></ul><h4 id="事件循环" tabindex="-1">事件循环 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件循环" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件循环&quot;">​</a></h4><p>js是单线程，所有任务需要排队。HTML5提出了Web Worker标准，允许JavaScript脚本创建多个线程。于是JS出现了同步和异步。</p><ul><li>同步任务：都在主线程执行，形成执行栈</li><li>异步任务：通过回调函数实现，异步任务添加到任务队列中，一般异步任务有以下三种类型 <ul><li>普通事件：click、resize等</li><li>资源加载：load、error等</li><li>定时器：setTimeout、setInterval等</li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="执行机制" tabindex="-1">执行机制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#执行机制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;执行机制&quot;">​</a></h5><ol><li>先执行执行栈中的同步任务</li><li>异步任务放到任务队列中</li><li>执行栈中的所有同步任务执行完毕，系统会按次序读取任务队列中的异步任务，被读取的异步任务结束等待状态，进入执行栈，开始执行</li></ol><h4 id="location" tabindex="-1">location <a class="header-anchor" href="#location" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;location&quot;">​</a></h4><p>localtion的数据类型是对象，它拆分保存了URL地址的各个组成部分</p><ul><li><p><code>location.href</code>：常用于页面跳转</p></li><li><p><code>location.search</code>:获取地址中携带的参数，符号<code>?</code>后面的部分</p></li><li><p><code>location.hash</code>:获取地址中的hash值，符号<code>#</code>后面的部分</p></li><li><p><code>location.reload()</code>：用来刷新当前页面，传入参数true时强制刷新</p></li></ul><h4 id="navigator" tabindex="-1">navigator <a class="header-anchor" href="#navigator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;navigator&quot;">​</a></h4><p>navigator的数据类型是对象，该对象下记录了浏览器自身的相关信息</p><ul><li>navigator.userAgent:检测浏览器版本和平台</li></ul><h4 id="history" tabindex="-1">history <a class="header-anchor" href="#history" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;history&quot;">​</a></h4><p>history数据类型是对象，主要管理历史记录，该对象与浏览器地址栏的操作相对应，如前进、后退、历史记录等</p><ul><li>history.back()</li><li>history.forward()</li><li>history.go(参数): 1-&gt;前进一个页面，-1-&gt;后退一个页面</li></ul><h4 id="本地存储" tabindex="-1">本地存储 <a class="header-anchor" href="#本地存储" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;本地存储&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="介绍" tabindex="-1">介绍 <a class="header-anchor" href="#介绍" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;介绍&quot;">​</a></h5><p>数据存储在用户浏览器中，设置、读取方便，刷新页面不会丢失数据，sessionStorage和localStorage约5M</p><h5 id="分类" tabindex="-1">分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分类&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>localStorage <ul><li>可以多窗口（页面）共享（同一浏览器可以共享）</li><li>键值对形式存储使用</li><li>语法 <ul><li>存储：<code>localStorage.setItem(key, value)</code></li><li>查询：<code>localStorage.getItem(key)</code></li><li>删除：<code>localStorage.removeItem(key)</code></li></ul></li></ul></li><li>sessionStorage <ul><li>生命周期到关闭浏览器窗口截止</li><li>在同一个窗口（页面）下数据可以共享</li><li>键值对形式存储使用</li><li>用法api和<code>localStorage</code>一致</li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="存储复杂数据类型" tabindex="-1">存储复杂数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#存储复杂数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;存储复杂数据类型&quot;">​</a></h5><p>把复杂数据类型转成字符串形式存储</p><ul><li><code>JSON.stringify</code></li><li><code>JSON.parse</code></li></ul><h4 id="数组map和join" tabindex="-1">数组map和join <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组map和join" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组map和join&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="map" tabindex="-1">map <a class="header-anchor" href="#map" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;map&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><p>遍历数组处理数据，返回新的数组</p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">arr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;red&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;blue&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">newArr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ele</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ele </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;颜色&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newArr) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [&#39;red颜色&#39;, &#39;blue颜色&#39;]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">arr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;red&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;blue&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">newArr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ele</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">index</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ele </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;颜色&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newArr) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [&#39;red颜色&#39;, &#39;blue颜色&#39;]</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h5 id="join" tabindex="-1">join <a class="header-anchor" href="#join" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;join&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>把数组所有元素转换为一个字符串</li><li><code>const newStr = join(字符串)</code>:元素用指定字符串相连</li></ul><h2 id="进阶" tabindex="-1">进阶 <a class="header-anchor" href="#进阶" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;进阶&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="正则表达式" tabindex="-1">正则表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#正则表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;正则表达式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>定义：<code>const reg = /表达式/</code></li><li>判断是否匹配：<code>reg.test(被检测字符串)</code>，匹配返回true，否则false</li><li>查找：<code>reg.exec(被检测字符串)</code>，找到返回数组，否则为null</li></ul><h4 id="元字符" tabindex="-1">元字符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元字符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元字符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>边界符</p><ul><li><code>^</code>：开始</li><li><code>$</code>：结束</li></ul></li><li><p>量词</p><ul><li><code>*</code>：0或多次</li><li><code>+</code>：1或多次</li><li><code>?</code>：0或1次</li><li><code>{n}</code>：重复n次</li><li><code>{n,}</code>：重复n次或更多</li><li><code>{n,m}</code>：重复n次到m次</li></ul></li><li><p>字符类</p><ul><li><code>[]</code>：匹配字符集合，匹配任一个都是true</li><li><code>[a-zA-Z]</code>：字母</li><li><code>[^a-z]</code>：[]中的^表示取反</li><li><code>.</code>：除换行之外的任何单个字符</li><li><code>\\d</code>：数字</li><li><code>\\D</code>：所有0-9以外字符，等于<code>[^0-9]</code></li><li><code>\\w</code>：任一字母、数字、下划线，相当于<code>[a-zA-Z0-9_]</code></li><li><code>\\W</code>：匹配除字母、数字、下划线之外的字符，相当于<code>[^a-zA-Z0-9_]</code></li><li><code>\\s</code>：匹配空格（包括制表符、换行符、空格符等）,相当于<code>[\\t\\r\\n\\v\\f]</code></li><li><code>\\S</code>：匹配非空格，相当于<code>[^\\t\\r\\n\\v\\f]</code></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="修饰符" tabindex="-1">修饰符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修饰符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修饰符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>语法：<code>/表达式/修饰符</code></p></li><li><p>修饰符：</p><ul><li>i：ignore，匹配时，不区分大小写</li><li>g：global，匹配所有满足正则的结果</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="替换" tabindex="-1">替换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#替换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;替换&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>语法：<code>字符串.replace(/正则表达式/， 替换的文本)</code>，返回替换后的字符串</li></ul><h3 id="作用域-1" tabindex="-1">作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#作用域-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;作用域&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>局部作用域</p></li><li><p>全局作用域</p></li><li><p>作用域链</p></li><li><p>JS垃圾回收机制</p><ul><li>全局变量一般不会回收（关闭页面回收）</li><li>一般情况下局部变量的值不再被使用会被自动回收</li><li>内存由于某种原因未释放或无法释放会内存泄漏</li><li>栈：由操作系统自动分配释放函数的参数值、局部变量等基本数据类型放在栈里</li><li>堆：一般由开发分配释放，若开发不释放由垃圾回收机制回收。复杂数据类型放在堆里。</li></ul><blockquote><p>引用计数法（有循环引用问题）</p><ul><li>定义“内存不再使用”，看一个对象是否有指向它的引用，没有引用就回收对象 <ul><li>根据记录被引用的次数</li><li>被引用一次，就+1，多次引用会累加</li><li>如果减少一个引用就-1</li><li>如果引用次数是0，则释放内存</li></ul></li></ul><p>标记清除法</p><ul><li>将不再使用的对象定义为无法达到的对象</li><li>从根部（JS中就是全局对象）出发定时扫描内存中的对象，凡是能从根部到达的对象，都是还需要使用的</li><li>无法由根部出发触及的对象标记为不再使用，稍后进行回收</li></ul></blockquote></li><li><p>闭包</p><ul><li>和python中的闭包一样:<code>如果在一个外部函数中定义一个内部函数，内部函数对外部作用域的变量进行引用，外部函数的返回值是内部函数，这样的函数就被认为是闭包(closure)。</code></li></ul></li><li><p>变量提升</p><ul><li>允许变量在声明之前即被访问（var声明变量）</li><li>js会在执行之前把当前作用域下var声明的变量提升到当前作用域的最前面，只提升声明，不提升赋值</li></ul></li><li><p>函数提升</p><ul><li>代码执行前会把所有函数声明提升到当前作用域的最前面</li><li>只提升声明，不提升调用</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>函数表达式特殊,必须先声明赋值后调用</p></blockquote><h3 id="函数进阶" tabindex="-1">函数进阶 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数进阶" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数进阶&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>动态参数：<code>arguments</code>，只存在于函数里，伪数组</p></li><li><p>剩余参数：<code>function getSum(paramA, paramB, ...arr)</code>,arr是个真数组</p></li><li><p>展开运算符：<code>...</code>能将一个数组进行展开</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">arr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arr)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1 5 3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">arr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">arr)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1 5 3</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>用于求数组最大/小值<code>Math.max(...arr)</code></p></li><li><p>用于合并数组：const arr = [...arr1, ...arr2]</p></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="箭头函数" tabindex="-1">箭头函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#箭头函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;箭头函数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>引入箭头函数是为了更简洁的写法，适用于需要匿名函数的地方</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x) }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">uname</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ({ uname: uname }) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//返回一个对象</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x) }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">uname</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ({ uname: uname }) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//返回一个对象</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="箭头函数的this" tabindex="-1">箭头函数的this <a class="header-anchor" href="#箭头函数的this" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;箭头函数的this&quot;">​</a></h5><p><strong>箭头函数不会创建自己的this对象，它只会从自己的作用域链的上一层</strong></p><h3 id="解构赋值" tabindex="-1">解构赋值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解构赋值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解构赋值&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="数组解构" tabindex="-1">数组解构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组解构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组解构&quot;">​</a></h4><p>数组结构是将数组的单元值快速批量赋值给一系列变量的简洁语法</p><ul><li><code>const [max, min, avg] = [100, 60, 80]</code></li><li>典型用法：交换两个变量</li><li>可以设置默认值</li><li>可以用剩余参数防止undefined传递</li><li>可以忽略某些值<code>const [a, ,c, d] = [1, 2, 3, 4]</code></li></ul><blockquote><p>js必须加分号场景：</p><ol><li>两个连续的立即执行函数</li><li>使用数组</li></ol></blockquote><h4 id="对象解构" tabindex="-1">对象解构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对象解构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对象解构&quot;">​</a></h4><p>对象解构是将对象的属性和方法快速批量赋值给一系列变量的简介语法</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;小明&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">age</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;小明&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">age</span><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>对象的属性值将会被赋值给与属性名相同的变量</p></li><li><p>对象中找不到与变量名一致的属性时变量值为undefined</p></li><li><p>数组对象解构</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">pig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;佩奇&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [{ </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">age</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pig</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name,age)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">pig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;佩奇&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [{ </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">age</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pig</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name,age)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>多级对象解构</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">pig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;佩奇&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  family: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    mother: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;mon&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    father: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dad&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">family</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">mother</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">father</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pig</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">pig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;佩奇&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  family: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    mother: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;mon&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    father: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dad&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">family</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">mother</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">father</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pig</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h3 id="对象" tabindex="-1">对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对象&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="创建对象的方式" tabindex="-1">创建对象的方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建对象的方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建对象的方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>字面量创建</p></li><li><p>构造函数</p><ul><li>命名以大写字母开头</li><li>只能由<code>new</code>操作符来执行</li><li>实例化执行过程 <ul><li>创建新对象</li><li>构造函数this指向新对象</li><li>执行构造函数代码，修改this，添加属性</li><li>返回新对象</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="实例成员-静态成员" tabindex="-1">实例成员&amp;静态成员 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实例成员-静态成员" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实例成员&amp;静态成员&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>实例成员：构造函数创建的对象为实例对象，实例对象的属性和方法称为实例成员</li><li>静态成员：构造函数的属性和方法称为静态成员 <ul><li>静态成员只能由构造函数访问</li><li>静态方法中的this指向构造函数</li><li><code>Date.now()、Math.PI、Math.random()</code></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="内置构造函数" tabindex="-1">内置构造函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内置构造函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内置构造函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>Object</p><ul><li>Object.keys()</li><li>Object.values()</li><li>Object.assign(dest, source)</li></ul></li><li><p>Array</p><ul><li><p>实例方法：forEach、filter、map、reduce、join、find、every、some、concat、splice、reverse、findIndex...</p></li><li><p>伪数组转换为真数组：Array.from()</p></li><li><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">arr.some((item, index)=&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	//some code, some循环可以终止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	return true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">//every 判断数组每一项是否都满足条件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">let res = arr.every(item =&gt; item.state) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">//reduce </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">arr.reduce((累加的结果, 当前循环项) =&gt; {}, 初始值)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">arr.reduce((amt, item) =&gt; amt += item.price, 0)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">arr.some((item, index)=&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	//some code, some循环可以终止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	return true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">//every 判断数组每一项是否都满足条件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">let res = arr.every(item =&gt; item.state) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">//reduce </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">arr.reduce((累加的结果, 当前循环项) =&gt; {}, 初始值)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">arr.reduce((amt, item) =&gt; amt += item.price, 0)</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>String</p><ul><li>实例属性、方法：length、split()、substring()、startsWith()、includes()、toUpperCase()、toLowerCase()、indexOf()、endsWith()、replace()、match()...</li></ul></li><li><p>Number</p><ul><li>toFixed()设置保留小数位数</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="原型prototype" tabindex="-1">原型Prototype <a class="header-anchor" href="#原型prototype" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原型Prototype&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>构造函数通过原型分配的函数是所有对象所共享的。</li><li>JavaScript每一个构造函数都有一个<code>prototype</code>属性，指向另一个对象，所以也称为原型对象</li><li>prototype对象可以挂载函数，对象实例化不会多次创建原型上函数，节约内存</li><li>可以把不变的方法直接定义在prototype对象上，这样所有对象的实例就可以共享这些方法</li><li>构造函数和原型对象中的this都指向实例化的对象</li></ul><h4 id="constructor属性" tabindex="-1">constructor属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#constructor属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;constructor属性&quot;">​</a></h4><p>每个原型对象里都有个constructor属性，该属性指向该原型对象的构造函数</p><h4 id="对象原型" tabindex="-1">对象原型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对象原型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对象原型&quot;">​</a></h4><p>每个对象都有一个属性<code>__proto__</code>，指向构造函数的prototype对象</p><ul><li><code>__proto__</code>是JS非标准属性</li><li>[[prototype]]和<code>__proto__</code>意义相同</li><li>用来表明当前实例对象指向哪个原型对象prototype</li><li><code>__proto__</code>对象原型里也有一个constructor属性，指向创建该实例对象的构造函数</li></ul><h4 id="原型继承" tabindex="-1">原型继承 <a class="header-anchor" href="#原型继承" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原型继承&quot;">​</a></h4><p>通过原型可以继承公共属性</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  eyes: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  nose: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Person</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Man</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  this.eyes: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  this.nose: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  eyes: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  nose: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Person</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Man</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  this.eyes: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  this.nose: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="原型链" tabindex="-1">原型链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#原型链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原型链&quot;">​</a></h4><p>基于原型对象的继承使得不同构造函数的原型对象关联在一起，并且这种关联关系是一种链状的解构，称为原型链</p><h5 id="查找规则" tabindex="-1">查找规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查找规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查找规则&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>当访问一个对象的属性/方法时，首先查找这个对象自身有无该属性</li><li>如果没有就查找他的原型（<code>__proto__</code>指向的prototype对象)</li><li>如果还没有就查找原型对象的原型（Object的prototype）</li><li>依此类推一直到Object为止（null）</li><li><code>__proto__</code>对象原型的意义就在于为对象成员查找机制提供方向</li><li>可以使用<code>instanceof</code>运算符检测构造函数的<code>prototype</code>属性是否出现在某个实例对象的原型链上</li></ul><h3 id="深浅拷贝" tabindex="-1">深浅拷贝 <a class="header-anchor" href="#深浅拷贝" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;深浅拷贝&quot;">​</a></h3><p>深浅拷贝只针对引用数据类型</p><ul><li>浅拷贝：如果是简单数据类型拷贝值，引用数据类型拷贝的是地址 <ul><li>拷贝对象：Object.assign() / 展开运算符 {...obj}拷贝对象</li><li>拷贝数组：Array.prototype.concat() 或者 [...arr]</li></ul></li><li>深拷贝：拷贝的是对象，不是地址 <ul><li>通过递归实现深拷贝</li><li>lodash中的<code>_.cloneDeep()</code></li><li>JSON.stringify()</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="异常" tabindex="-1">异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异常&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="抛出异常" tabindex="-1">抛出异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#抛出异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;抛出异常&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>throw msg</li><li>throw new Error(msg)</li></ul><h4 id="异常捕获" tabindex="-1">异常捕获 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异常捕获" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异常捕获&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="debugger" tabindex="-1">debugger <a class="header-anchor" href="#debugger" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;debugger&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>debugger</code></p><h3 id="this" tabindex="-1">this <a class="header-anchor" href="#this" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;this&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="普通函数" tabindex="-1">普通函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#普通函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;普通函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>普通函数的调用方式决定了this的值，即<strong>谁调用 this的值指向谁</strong></p></li><li><p>普通函数没有明确调用者时this的值为window，严格模式下没有调用者时this的值为undefined</p></li></ul><h4 id="箭头函数-1" tabindex="-1">箭头函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#箭头函数-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;箭头函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>箭头函数中并不存在this</li><li>箭头函数会默认绑定外层this的值，所以在箭头函数中this的值和外层的this是一样的</li><li>箭头函数中的this引用的就是最近作用域中的this</li><li>向外层作用域中，一层一层查找this，直到有this的定义</li></ul><h4 id="改变this指向" tabindex="-1">改变this指向 <a class="header-anchor" href="#改变this指向" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;改变this指向&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>fun.call(thisArg, arg1, arg2...) <ul><li>thisArg：fun函数运营时指定的this值</li><li>arg1,arg2：传递的其他参数</li></ul></li><li>apply(thisArg, [argsArray]) <ul><li>thisArg：fun函数运营时指定的this值</li><li>argsArray：传递的值，必须包含在数组里</li></ul></li><li>bind() <ul><li>bind不会调用函数，但能改变函数内部this的指向</li><li>fun.bind(thisArg, arg1, arg2...)</li><li>thisArg：fun函数运营时指定的this值</li><li>arg1,arg2：传递的其他参数</li><li>返回由指定this值和初始化参数改造的<strong>原函数的拷贝</strong></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="防抖-debounce" tabindex="-1">防抖（debounce） <a class="header-anchor" href="#防抖-debounce" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;防抖（debounce）&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>单位时间内，频繁触发事件，只执行最后一次</p></li><li><p>lodash库的<code>_.debounce(fun, 时间)</code></p></li></ul><h4 id="思路" tabindex="-1">思路 <a class="header-anchor" href="#思路" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;思路&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li>声明一个定时器</li><li>每次触发事件都先判断是否有定时器，如果有先清除</li><li>如果没有则开启定时器并保存变量</li><li>在定时器中调用要执行的函数</li></ol><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.box&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mouseMove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  box.innerHTML </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">debounce</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> timer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (timer) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clearTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(timer)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    timer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">box.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;mousemove&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">debounce</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mouseMove, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">box</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.box&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mouseMove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  box.innerHTML </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">debounce</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> timer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (timer) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clearTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(timer)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    timer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">box.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;mousemove&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">debounce</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mouseMove, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="节流-throttle" tabindex="-1">节流（throttle） <a class="header-anchor" href="#节流-throttle" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;节流（throttle）&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>单位时间内，频繁触发事件，只执行一次</li><li>lodash库的<code>_.throttle(fun, 时间)</code></li></ul><h4 id="思路-1" tabindex="-1">思路 <a class="header-anchor" href="#思路-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;思路&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li>声明一个定时器</li><li>每次触发事件都判断是否有定时器，如果有则不开启新定时器</li><li>如果没有定时器则开启定时器并保存变量 <ol><li>定时器里调用执行的函数</li><li>定时器里要把上一个定时器清空</li></ol></li></ol><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">throttle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> timer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">timer) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      timer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// setTimeout中无法删除定时器，因为定时器还在运作，所以不能用clearTimeout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        timer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">box.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;mousemove&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">throttle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mouseMove, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">throttle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> timer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">timer) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      timer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// setTimeout中无法删除定时器，因为定时器还在运作，所以不能用clearTimeout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        timer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">box.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;mousemove&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">throttle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mouseMove, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="案例-页面打开-记录上一次的视频播放位置" tabindex="-1">案例：页面打开，记录上一次的视频播放位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#案例-页面打开-记录上一次的视频播放位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;案例：页面打开，记录上一次的视频播放位置&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="两个事件" tabindex="-1">两个事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#两个事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;两个事件&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>ontimeupdate：事件在视频/音频当前播放位置发生改变时触发</li><li>onloadeddata：事件在当前帧的数据加载完成且还没有足够的数据播放视频/音频的下一帧时触发</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">video.ontimeupdadte </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">throttle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  localStorage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;currentTime&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, video.currentTime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">video.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onloadeddata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  video.currentTime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> localStorage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;currentTime&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">video.ontimeupdadte </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">throttle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  localStorage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;currentTime&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, video.currentTime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">video.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onloadeddata</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  video.currentTime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> localStorage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;currentTime&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="es6" tabindex="-1">ES6 <a class="header-anchor" href="#es6" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ES6&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="promise" tabindex="-1">Promise <a class="header-anchor" href="#promise" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Promise&quot;">​</a></h3><p>所谓<code>Promise</code>，简单说就是一个容器，里面保存着某个未来才会结束的事件（通常是一个异步操作）的结果。从语法上说，Promise 是一个对象，从它可以获取异步操作的消息。Promise 提供统一的 API，各种异步操作都可以用同样的方法进行处理。</p><p><code>Promise</code>对象有以下两个特点。</p><p>（1）对象的状态不受外界影响。<code>Promise</code>对象代表一个异步操作，有三种状态：<code>pending</code>（进行中）、<code>fulfilled</code>（已成功）和<code>rejected</code>（已失败）。只有异步操作的结果，可以决定当前是哪一种状态，任何其他操作都无法改变这个状态。这也是<code>Promise</code>这个名字的由来，它的英语意思就是“承诺”，表示其他手段无法改变。</p><p>（2）一旦状态改变，就不会再变，任何时候都可以得到这个结果。<code>Promise</code>对象的状态改变，只有两种可能：从<code>pending</code>变为<code>fulfilled</code>和从<code>pending</code>变为<code>rejected</code>。只要这两种情况发生，状态就凝固了，不会再变了，会一直保持这个结果，这时就称为 resolved（已定型）。如果改变已经发生了，你再对<code>Promise</code>对象添加回调函数，也会立即得到这个结果。这与事件（Event）完全不同，事件的特点是，如果你错过了它，再去监听，是得不到结果的。</p><h4 id="基本用法" tabindex="-1">基本用法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本用法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本用法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>ES6 规定，<code>Promise</code>对象是一个构造函数，用来生成<code>Promise</code>实例。</p><p>下面代码创造了一个<code>Promise</code>实例。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ... some code</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 异步操作成功 */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(error);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ... some code</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 异步操作成功 */</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(error);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>Promise</code>构造函数接受一个函数作为参数，该函数的两个参数分别是<code>resolve</code>和<code>reject</code>。它们是两个函数，由 JavaScript 引擎提供。</p><p><code>resolve</code>函数的作用是，将<code>Promise</code>对象的状态从“未完成”变为“成功”（即从 pending 变为 resolved），在异步操作成功时调用，并将异步操作的结果，作为参数传递出去；<code>reject</code>函数的作用是，将<code>Promise</code>对象的状态从“未完成”变为“失败”（即从 pending 变为 rejected），在异步操作失败时调用，并将异步操作报出的错误，作为参数传递出去。</p><p><code>Promise</code>实例生成以后，可以用<code>then</code>方法分别指定<code>resolved</code>状态和<code>rejected</code>状态的回调函数。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">promise.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// success</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">promise.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// success</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>then</code>方法可以接受两个回调函数作为参数。第一个回调函数是<code>Promise</code>对象的状态变为<code>resolved</code>时调用，第二个回调函数是<code>Promise</code>对象的状态变为<code>rejected</code>时调用。这两个函数都是可选的，不一定要提供。它们都接受<code>Promise</code>对象传出的值作为参数。</p><p>下面是一个<code>Promise</code>对象的简单例子。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ms</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resolve, ms, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;done&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//setTimeout的第三个参数是给第一个函数参数传递的参数，即done会传递给resolve函数作为参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ms</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resolve, ms, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;done&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//setTimeout的第三个参数是给第一个函数参数传递的参数，即done会传递给resolve函数作为参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>timeout</code>方法返回一个<code>Promise</code>实例，表示一段时间以后才会发生的结果。过了指定的时间（<code>ms</code>参数）以后，<code>Promise</code>实例的状态变为<code>resolved</code>，就会触发<code>then</code>方法绑定的回调函数。</p><p>Promise 新建后就会立即执行。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> promise </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Promise&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">promise.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;resolved.&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Hi!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Promise</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Hi!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// resolved</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> promise </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Promise&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">promise.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;resolved.&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Hi!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Promise</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Hi!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// resolved</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，Promise 新建后立即执行，所以首先输出的是<code>Promise</code>。然后，<code>then</code>方法指定的回调函数，将在当前脚本所有同步任务执行完才会执行，所以<code>resolved</code>最后输出。</p><p>下面是异步加载图片的例子。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">loadImageAsync</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    image.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(image);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    image.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onerror</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Could not load image at &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    image.src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">loadImageAsync</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    image.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(image);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    image.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onerror</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Could not load image at &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    image.src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，使用<code>Promise</code>包装了一个图片加载的异步操作。如果加载成功，就调用<code>resolve</code>方法，否则就调用<code>reject</code>方法。</p><h3 id="generator" tabindex="-1">Generator <a class="header-anchor" href="#generator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Generator&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Generator 函数是 ES6 提供的一种异步编程解决方案，语法行为与传统函数完全不同。本章详细介绍 Generator 函数的语法和 API，它的异步编程应用请看《Generator 函数的异步应用》一章。</p><p>Generator 函数有多种理解角度。语法上，首先可以把它理解成，Generator 函数是一个状态机，封装了多个内部状态。</p><p>执行 Generator 函数会返回一个遍历器对象，也就是说，Generator 函数除了状态机，还是一个遍历器对象生成函数。返回的遍历器对象，可以依次遍历 Generator 函数内部的每一个状态。</p><p>形式上，Generator 函数是一个普通函数，但是有两个特征。一是，<code>function</code>关键字与函数名之间有一个星号；二是，函数体内部使用<code>yield</code>表达式，定义不同的内部状态（<code>yield</code>在英语里的意思就是“产出”）。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">helloWorldGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ending&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hw </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">helloWorldGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">helloWorldGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ending&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hw </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">helloWorldGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码定义了一个 Generator 函数<code>helloWorldGenerator</code>，它内部有两个<code>yield</code>表达式（<code>hello</code>和<code>world</code>），即该函数有三个状态：hello，world 和 return 语句（结束执行）。</p><p>然后，Generator 函数的调用方法与普通函数一样，也是在函数名后面加上一对圆括号。不同的是，调用 Generator 函数后，该函数并不执行，返回的也不是函数运行结果，而是一个指向内部状态的指针对象，也就是上一章介绍的遍历器对象（Iterator Object）。</p><p>下一步，必须调用遍历器对象的<code>next</code>方法，使得指针移向下一个状态。也就是说，每次调用<code>next</code>方法，内部指针就从函数头部或上一次停下来的地方开始执行，直到遇到下一个<code>yield</code>表达式（或<code>return</code>语句）为止。换言之，Generator 函数是分段执行的，<code>yield</code>表达式是暂停执行的标记，而<code>next</code>方法可以恢复执行。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hw.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;hello&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hw.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;world&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hw.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;ending&#39;, done: true }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hw.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: undefined, done: true }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">hw.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;hello&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">hw.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;world&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">hw.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;ending&#39;, done: true }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">hw.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: undefined, done: true }</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="yield-表达式" tabindex="-1">yield 表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#yield-表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;yield 表达式&quot;">​</a></h4><p>由于 Generator 函数返回的遍历器对象，只有调用<code>next</code>方法才会遍历下一个内部状态，所以其实提供了一种可以暂停执行的函数。<code>yield</code>表达式就是暂停标志。</p><p>遍历器对象的<code>next</code>方法的运行逻辑如下。</p><p>（1）遇到<code>yield</code>表达式，就暂停执行后面的操作，并将紧跟在<code>yield</code>后面的那个表达式的值，作为返回的对象的<code>value</code>属性值。</p><p>（2）下一次调用<code>next</code>方法时，再继续往下执行，直到遇到下一个<code>yield</code>表达式。</p><p>（3）如果没有再遇到新的<code>yield</code>表达式，就一直运行到函数结束，直到<code>return</code>语句为止，并将<code>return</code>语句后面的表达式的值，作为返回的对象的<code>value</code>属性值。</p><p>（4）如果该函数没有<code>return</code>语句，则返回的对象的<code>value</code>属性值为<code>undefined</code>。</p><p>需要注意的是，<code>yield</code>表达式后面的表达式，只有当调用<code>next</code>方法、内部指针指向该语句时才会执行，因此等于为 JavaScript 提供了手动的“惰性求值”（Lazy Evaluation）的语法功能。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">456</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">456</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>yield</code>后面的表达式<code>123 + 456</code>，不会立即求值，只会在<code>next</code>方法将指针移到这一句时，才会求值。</p><p><code>yield</code>表达式与<code>return</code>语句既有相似之处，也有区别。相似之处在于，都能返回紧跟在语句后面的那个表达式的值。区别在于每次遇到<code>yield</code>，函数暂停执行，下一次再从该位置继续向后执行，而<code>return</code>语句不具备位置记忆的功能。一个函数里面，只能执行一次（或者说一个）<code>return</code>语句，但是可以执行多次（或者说多个）<code>yield</code>表达式。正常函数只能返回一个值，因为只能执行一次<code>return</code>；Generator 函数可以返回一系列的值，因为可以有任意多个<code>yield</code>。从另一个角度看，也可以说 Generator 生成了一系列的值，这也就是它的名称的来历（英语中，generator 这个词是“生成器”的意思）。</p><h3 id="await" tabindex="-1">await <a class="header-anchor" href="#await" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;await&quot;">​</a></h3><p>正常情况下，<code>await</code>命令后面是一个 Promise 对象，返回该对象的结果。如果不是 Promise 对象，就直接返回对应的值。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// return 123;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 123</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// return 123;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 123</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>await</code>命令的参数是数值<code>123</code>，这时等同于<code>return 123</code>。</p><p>另一种情况是，<code>await</code>命令后面是一个<code>thenable</code>对象（即定义了<code>then</code>方法的对象），那么<code>await</code>会将其等同于 Promise 对象。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.timeout </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> timeout;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">startTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Date.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">now</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Date.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">now</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startTime),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.timeout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sleepTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sleepTime);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1000</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.timeout </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> timeout;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">startTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Date.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">now</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Date.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">now</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startTime),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.timeout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sleepTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sleepTime);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1000</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>await</code>命令后面是一个<code>Sleep</code>对象的实例。这个实例不是 Promise 对象，但是因为定义了<code>then</code>方法，<code>await</code>会将其视为<code>Promise</code>处理。</p><p>这个例子还演示了如何实现休眠效果。JavaScript 一直没有休眠的语法，但是借助<code>await</code>命令就可以让程序停顿指定的时间。下面给出了一个简化的<code>sleep</code>实现。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resolve, interval);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 用法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">one2FiveInAsync</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">one2FiveInAsync</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resolve, interval);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 用法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">one2FiveInAsync</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">one2FiveInAsync</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>await</code>命令后面的 Promise 对象如果变为<code>reject</code>状态，则<code>reject</code>的参数会被<code>catch</code>方法的回调函数接收到。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 出错了</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 出错了</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注意，上面代码中，<code>await</code>语句前面没有<code>return</code>，但是<code>reject</code>方法的参数依然传入了<code>catch</code>方法的回调函数。这里如果在<code>await</code>前面加上<code>return</code>，效果是一样的。</p><p>任何一个<code>await</code>语句后面的 Promise 对象变为<code>reject</code>状态，那么整个<code>async</code>函数都会中断执行。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不会执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不会执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，第二个<code>await</code>语句是不会执行的，因为第一个<code>await</code>语句状态变成了<code>reject</code>。</p><p>有时，我们希望即使前一个异步操作失败，也不要中断后面的异步操作。这时可以将第一个<code>await</code>放在<code>try...catch</code>结构里面，这样不管这个异步操作是否成功，第二个<code>await</code>都会执行。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// hello world</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// hello world</span></span></code></pre></div><p>另一种方法是<code>await</code>后面的 Promise 对象再跟一个<code>catch</code>方法，处理前面可能出现的错误。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 出错了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// hello world</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 出错了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// hello world</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="async" tabindex="-1">async <a class="header-anchor" href="#async" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;async&quot;">​</a></h3><p>async 函数是什么？一句话，它就是 Generator 函数的语法糖。<strong>返回值是 Promise 对象</strong>。</p><p>Generator 函数，依次读取两个文件。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">fileName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fs.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fileName, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (error) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(error);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">f1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/etc/fstab&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">f2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/etc/shells&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(f1.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(f2.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().value.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data).value.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fs</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">fileName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fs.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fileName, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (error) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(error);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">f1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/etc/fstab&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">f2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/etc/shells&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(f1.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(f2.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().value.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data).value.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码的函数<code>gen</code>可以写成<code>async</code>函数，就是下面这样。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncReadFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">f1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/etc/fstab&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">f2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/etc/shells&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(f1.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(f2.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncReadFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">f1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/etc/fstab&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">f2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/etc/shells&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(f1.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(f2.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>一比较就会发现，<code>async</code>函数就是将 Generator 函数的星号（<code>*</code>）替换成<code>async</code>，将<code>yield</code>替换成<code>await</code>，仅此而已。</p><p><code>async</code>函数对 Generator 函数的改进，体现在以下四点。</p><p>（1）内置执行器。</p><p>Generator 函数的执行必须靠执行器，所以才有了<code>co</code>模块，而<code>async</code>函数自带执行器。也就是说，<code>async</code>函数的执行，与普通函数一模一样，只要一行。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncReadFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncReadFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的代码调用了<code>asyncReadFile</code>函数，然后它就会自动执行，输出最后结果。这完全不像 Generator 函数，需要调用<code>next</code>方法，或者用<code>co</code>模块，才能真正执行，得到最后结果。</p><p>（2）更好的语义。</p><p><code>async</code>和<code>await</code>，比起星号和<code>yield</code>，语义更清楚了。<code>async</code>表示函数里有异步操作，<code>await</code>表示紧跟在后面的表达式需要等待结果。</p><p>（3）更广的适用性。</p><p><code>co</code>模块约定，<code>yield</code>命令后面只能是 Thunk 函数或 Promise 对象，而<code>async</code>函数的<code>await</code>命令后面，可以是 Promise 对象和原始类型的值（数值、字符串和布尔值，但这时会自动转成立即 resolved 的 Promise 对象）。</p><p>（4）返回值是 Promise。</p><p><code>async</code>函数的返回值是 Promise 对象，这比 Generator 函数的返回值是 Iterator 对象方便多了。你可以用<code>then</code>方法指定下一步的操作。</p><p>进一步说，<code>async</code>函数完全可以看作多个异步操作，包装成的一个 Promise 对象，而<code>await</code>命令就是内部<code>then</code>命令的语法糖。</p><h4 id="基本用法-1" tabindex="-1">基本用法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本用法-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本用法&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>async</code>函数返回一个 Promise 对象，可以使用<code>then</code>方法添加回调函数。当函数执行的时候，一旦遇到<code>await</code>就会先返回，等到异步操作完成，再接着执行函数体内后面的语句。</p><p>下面是一个例子。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStockPriceByName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStockSymbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">stockPrice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStockPrice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(symbol);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> stockPrice;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStockPriceByName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;goog&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStockPriceByName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStockSymbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">stockPrice</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStockPrice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(symbol);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> stockPrice;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStockPriceByName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;goog&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码是一个获取股票报价的函数，函数前面的<code>async</code>关键字，表明该函数内部有异步操作。调用该函数时，会立即返回一个<code>Promise</code>对象。</p><p>下面是另一个例子，指定多少毫秒后输出一个值。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ms</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resolve, ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ms</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ms</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resolve, ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ms</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码指定 50 毫秒以后，输出<code>hello world</code>。</p><p>由于<code>async</code>函数返回的是 Promise 对象，可以作为<code>await</code>命令的参数。所以，上面的例子也可以写成下面的形式。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ms</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resolve, ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ms</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ms</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resolve, ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ms</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>async 函数有多种使用形式。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 函数声明</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 函数表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 对象的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {} };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">obj.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Class 的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Storage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cachePromise </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> caches.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;avatars&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAvatar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cache</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cachePromise;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cache.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`/avatars/\${</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}.jpg\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">storage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Storage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">storage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAvatar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;jake&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(…);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 箭头函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 函数声明</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 函数表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 对象的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {} };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">obj.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Class 的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Storage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cachePromise </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> caches.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;avatars&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAvatar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cache</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cachePromise;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cache.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`/avatars/\${</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}.jpg\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">storage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Storage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">storage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAvatar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;jake&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(…);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 箭头函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="返回promise对象" tabindex="-1">返回Promise对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#返回promise对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;返回Promise对象&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>async</code>函数返回一个 Promise 对象。</p><p><code>async</code>函数内部<code>return</code>语句返回的值，会成为<code>then</code>方法回调函数的参数。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;hello world&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;hello world&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，函数<code>f</code>内部<code>return</code>命令返回的值，会被<code>then</code>方法回调函数接收到。</p><p><code>async</code>函数内部抛出错误，会导致返回的 Promise 对象变为<code>reject</code>状态。抛出的错误对象会被<code>catch</code>方法回调函数接收到。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;resolve&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;reject&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//reject Error: 出错了</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;resolve&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;reject&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//reject Error: 出错了</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="promise对象状态变化" tabindex="-1">Promise对象状态变化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#promise对象状态变化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Promise对象状态变化&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>async</code>函数返回的 Promise 对象，必须等到内部所有<code>await</code>命令后面的 Promise 对象执行完，才会发生状态改变，除非遇到<code>return</code>语句或者抛出错误。也就是说，只有<code>async</code>函数内部的异步操作执行完，才会执行<code>then</code>方法指定的回调函数。</p><p>下面是一个例子。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> html </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> html.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">&lt;title&gt;(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">[\\s\\S]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">)&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">title&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(console.log)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;ECMAScript 2017 Language Specification&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> html </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> html.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/&lt;title&gt;(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">[\\s\\S]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\/</span><span style="color:#032F62;">title&gt;/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(console.log)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;ECMAScript 2017 Language Specification&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，函数<code>getTitle</code>内部有三个操作：抓取网页、取出文本、匹配页面标题。只有这三个操作全部完成，才会执行<code>then</code>方法里面的<code>console.log</code>。</p><h4 id="错误处理" tabindex="-1">错误处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#错误处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;错误处理&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如果<code>await</code>后面的异步操作出错，那么等同于<code>async</code>函数返回的 Promise 对象被<code>reject</code>。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error：出错了</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error：出错了</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>async</code>函数<code>f</code>执行后，<code>await</code>后面的 Promise 对象会抛出一个错误对象，导致<code>catch</code>方法的回调函数被调用，它的参数就是抛出的错误对象。</p><p>防止出错的方法，也是将其放在<code>try...catch</code>代码块之中。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果有多个<code>await</code>命令，可以统一放在<code>try...catch</code>结构中。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">val1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">firstStep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">val2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">secondStep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(val1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">val3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">thirdStep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(val1, val2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Final: &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, val3);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">val1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firstStep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">val2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">secondStep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(val1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">val3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">thirdStep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(val1, val2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Final: &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, val3);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>下面的例子使用<code>try...catch</code>结构，实现多次重复尝试。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">superagent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;superagent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NUM_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NUM_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">i) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> superagent.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://google.com/this-throws-an-error&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">superagent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;superagent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NUM_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NUM_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">i) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> superagent.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://google.com/this-throws-an-error&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，如果<code>await</code>操作成功，就会使用<code>break</code>语句退出循环；如果失败，会被<code>catch</code>语句捕捉，然后进入下一轮循环。</p><h4 id="async-函数的实现原理" tabindex="-1">async 函数的实现原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#async-函数的实现原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;async 函数的实现原理&quot;">​</a></h4><p>async 函数的实现原理，就是将 Generator 函数和自动执行器，包装在一个函数里。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">spawn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">spawn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>所有的<code>async</code>函数都可以写成上面的第二种形式，其中的<code>spawn</code>函数就是自动执行器。</p><p><code>spawn</code>函数的实现</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">spawn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">genF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">genF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">step</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">nextF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">nextF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(next.value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(next.value).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">step</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">step</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">step</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">undefined</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">spawn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">genF</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">genF</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">step</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">nextF</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">nextF</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(next.value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(next.value).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">step</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">step</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">step</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">undefined</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="实例-按顺序完成异步操作" tabindex="-1">实例：按顺序完成异步操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实例-按顺序完成异步操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实例：按顺序完成异步操作&quot;">​</a></h4><p>实际开发中，经常遇到一组异步操作，需要按照顺序完成。比如，依次远程读取一组 URL，然后按照读取的顺序输出结果。</p><p>Promise 的写法如下。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">urls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 远程读取所有URL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">textPromises</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 按次序输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  textPromises.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reduce</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">chain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">textPromise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> chain.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> textPromise)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(text));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">urls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 远程读取所有URL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">textPromises</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">response</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 按次序输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  textPromises.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reduce</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">chain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">textPromise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> chain.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> textPromise)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(text));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码使用<code>fetch</code>方法，同时远程读取一组 URL。每个<code>fetch</code>操作都返回一个 Promise 对象，放入<code>textPromises</code>数组。然后，<code>reduce</code>方法依次处理每个 Promise 对象，然后使用<code>then</code>，将所有 Promise 对象连起来，因此就可以依次输出结果。</p><p>这种写法不太直观，可读性比较差。下面是 async 函数实现。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">urls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">urls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">response</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码确实大大简化，问题是所有远程操作都是继发。只有前一个 URL 返回结果，才会去读取下一个 URL，这样做效率很差，非常浪费时间。我们需要的是并发发出远程请求。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">urls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 并发读取远程URL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">textPromises</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 按次序输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">textPromise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> textPromises) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> textPromise);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">urls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 并发读取远程URL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">textPromises</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">response</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 按次序输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">textPromise</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> textPromises) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> textPromise);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，虽然<code>map</code>方法的参数是<code>async</code>函数，但它是并发执行的，因为只有<code>async</code>函数内部是继发执行，外部不受影响。后面的<code>for..of</code>循环内部使用了<code>await</code>，因此实现了按顺序输出。</p><h3 id="class" tabindex="-1">Class <a class="header-anchor" href="#class" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Class&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="基本语法-1" tabindex="-1">基本语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本语法-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本语法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>JavaScript 语言中，生成实例对象的传统方法是通过构造函数。下面是一个例子。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;(&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;, &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;(&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;, &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ES6 提供了更接近传统语言的写法，引入了 Class（类）这个概念，作为对象的模板。通过<code>class</code>关键字，可以定义类。</p><p>基本上，ES6 的<code>class</code>可以看作只是一个语法糖，它的绝大部分功能，ES5 都可以做到，新的<code>class</code>写法只是让对象原型的写法更加清晰、更像面向对象编程的语法而已。上面的代码用 ES6 的<code>class</code>改写，就是下面这样。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;(&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;, &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;(&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;, &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码定义了一个“类”，可以看到里面有一个<code>constructor()</code>方法，这就是构造方法，而<code>this</code>关键字则代表实例对象。这种新的 Class 写法，本质上与本章开头的 ES5 的构造函数<code>Point</code>是一致的。</p><p><code>Point</code>类除了构造方法，还定义了一个<code>toString()</code>方法。注意，定义<code>toString()</code>方法的时候，前面不需要加上<code>function</code>这个关键字，直接把函数定义放进去了就可以了。另外，方法与方法之间不需要逗号分隔，加了会报错。</p><p>ES6 的类，完全可以看作构造函数的另一种写法。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Point </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;function&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Point </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">typeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Point </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;function&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Point </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码表明，类的数据类型就是函数，类本身就指向构造函数。</p><p>使用的时候，也是直接对类使用<code>new</code>命令，跟构造函数的用法完全一致。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doStuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;stuff&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">b</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doStuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;stuff&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doStuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;stuff&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">b</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">b.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doStuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;stuff&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>构造函数的<code>prototype</code>属性，在 ES6 的“类”上面继续存在。事实上，类的所有方法都定义在类的<code>prototype</code>属性上面。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>constructor()</code>、<code>toString()</code>、<code>toValue()</code>这三个方法，其实都是定义在<code>Point.prototype</code>上面。</p><h4 id="实例属性新写法" tabindex="-1">实例属性新写法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实例属性新写法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实例属性新写法&quot;">​</a></h4><p><a href="https://github.com/tc39/proposal-class-fields" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ES2022</a> 为类的实例属性，又规定了一种新写法。实例属性现在除了可以定义在<code>constructor()</code>方法里面的<code>this</code>上面，也可以定义在类内部的最顶层。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 原来的写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IncreasingCounter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">._count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Getting the current value!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">._count;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">increment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">._count</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 原来的写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IncreasingCounter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">._count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Getting the current value!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">._count;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">increment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">._count</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面示例中，实例属性<code>_count</code>定义在<code>constructor()</code>方法里面的<code>this</code>上面。</p><p>现在的新写法是，这个属性也可以定义在类的最顶层，其他都不变。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IncreasingCounter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">_count</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Getting the current value!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">._count;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">increment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">._count</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IncreasingCounter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">_count</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Getting the current value!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">._count;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">increment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">._count</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，实例属性<code>_count</code>与取值函数<code>value()</code>和<code>increment()</code>方法，处于同一个层级。这时，不需要在实例属性前面加上<code>this</code>。</p><p>注意，新写法定义的属性是实例对象自身的属性，而不是定义在实例对象的原型上面。</p><p>这种新写法的好处是，所有实例对象自身的属性都定义在类的头部，看上去比较整齐，一眼就能看出这个类有哪些实例属性。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">baz</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">baz</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的代码，一眼就能看出，<code>foo</code>类有两个实例属性，一目了然。另外，写起来也比较简洁。</p><h4 id="getter和setter" tabindex="-1">getter和setter <a class="header-anchor" href="#getter和setter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;getter和setter&quot;">​</a></h4><p>与 ES5 一样，在“类”的内部可以使用<code>get</code>和<code>set</code>关键字，对某个属性设置存值函数和取值函数，拦截该属性的存取行为。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">prop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getter&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">prop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setter: &#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> inst </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">inst.prop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// setter: 123</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">inst.prop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;getter&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">prop</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getter&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">prop</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setter: &#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> inst </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">inst.prop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// setter: 123</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">inst.prop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;getter&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>prop</code>属性有对应的存值函数和取值函数，因此赋值和读取行为都被自定义了。</p><p>存值函数和取值函数是设置在属性的 Descriptor 对象上的。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CustomHTMLElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">element</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.element </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> element;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.element.innerHTML;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.element.innerHTML </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> descriptor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Object.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getOwnPropertyDescriptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CustomHTMLElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;html&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;get&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> descriptor  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;set&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> descriptor  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CustomHTMLElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">element</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.element </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> element;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.element.innerHTML;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.element.innerHTML </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> descriptor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Object.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getOwnPropertyDescriptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CustomHTMLElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;html&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;get&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> descriptor  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;set&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> descriptor  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，存值函数和取值函数是定义在<code>html</code>属性的描述对象上面，这与 ES5 完全一致。</p><h4 id="属性表达式" tabindex="-1">属性表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#属性表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;属性表达式&quot;">​</a></h4><p>类的属性名，可以采用表达式。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> methodName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getArea&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Square</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [methodName]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> methodName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getArea&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Square</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [methodName]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>Square</code>类的方法名<code>getArea</code>，是从表达式得到的。</p><h4 id="class表达式" tabindex="-1">Class表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#class表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Class表达式&quot;">​</a></h4><p>与函数一样，类也可以使用表达式的形式定义。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Me</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getClassName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Me.name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Me</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getClassName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Me.name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码使用表达式定义了一个类。需要注意的是，这个类的名字是<code>Me</code>，但是<code>Me</code>只在 Class 的内部可用，指代当前类。在 Class 外部，这个类只能用<code>MyClass</code>引用。</p><h4 id="静态方法" tabindex="-1">静态方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#静态方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;静态方法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>类相当于实例的原型，所有在类中定义的方法，都会被实例继承。如果在一个方法前，加上<code>static</code>关键字，就表示该方法不会被实例继承，而是直接通过类来调用，这就称为“静态方法”。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Foo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;hello&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> foo </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">foo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TypeError: foo.classMethod is not a function</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Foo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;hello&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> foo </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">foo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TypeError: foo.classMethod is not a function</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>Foo</code>类的<code>classMethod</code>方法前有<code>static</code>关键字，表明该方法是一个静态方法，可以直接在<code>Foo</code>类上调用（<code>Foo.classMethod()</code>），而不是在<code>Foo</code>类的实例上调用。如果在实例上调用静态方法，会抛出一个错误，表示不存在该方法。</p><p>注意，如果静态方法包含<code>this</code>关键字，这个<code>this</code>指的是类，而不是实例。</p><p>静态方法可以与非静态方法重名。</p><p>父类的静态方法，可以被子类继承。</p><h4 id="静态属性" tabindex="-1">静态属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#静态属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;静态属性&quot;">​</a></h4><p>静态属性指的是 Class 本身的属性，即<code>Class.propName</code>，而不是定义在实例对象（<code>this</code>）上的属性。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Foo.prop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Foo.prop </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Foo.prop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Foo.prop </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的写法为<code>Foo</code>类定义了一个静态属性<code>prop</code>。</p><h4 id="私有方法和属性" tabindex="-1">私有方法和属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#私有方法和属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;私有方法和属性&quot;">​</a></h4><p>在属性名之前使用<code>#</code>表示。</p><h4 id="in运算符" tabindex="-1">in运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#in运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;in运算符&quot;">​</a></h4><h3 id="class的继承" tabindex="-1">Class的继承 <a class="header-anchor" href="#class的继承" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Class的继承&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Class 可以通过<code>extends</code>关键字实现继承，让子类继承父类的属性和方法。extends 的写法比 ES5 的原型链继承，要清晰和方便很多。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ColorPoint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ColorPoint</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>在子类的构造函数中，只有调用<code>super()</code>之后，才可以使用<code>this</code>关键字，否则会报错。这是因为子类实例的构建，必须先完成父类的继承，只有<code>super()</code>方法才能让子类实例继承父类。</p></li><li><p>父类所有的属性和方法，都会被子类继承，除了私有的属性和方法。</p></li><li><p>父类的静态属性和静态方法，也会被子类继承。</p></li><li><p><code>super</code>关键字，既可以当作函数使用，也可以当作对象使用。</p></li><li><p>大多数浏览器的 ES5 实现之中，每一个对象都有<code>__proto__</code>属性，指向对应的构造函数的<code>prototype</code>属性。Class 作为构造函数的语法糖，同时有<code>prototype</code>属性和<code>__proto__</code>属性，因此同时存在两条继承链。</p></li></ul><p>​ （1）子类的<code>__proto__</code>属性，表示构造函数的继承，总是指向父类。</p><p>​ （2）子类<code>prototype</code>属性的<code>__proto__</code>属性，表示方法的继承，总是指向父类的<code>prototype</code>属性。</p><ul><li>子类实例的<code>__proto__</code>属性的<code>__proto__</code>属性，指向父类实例的<code>__proto__</code>属性。也就是说，子类的原型的原型，是父类的原型。</li></ul><h3 id="module" tabindex="-1">Module <a class="header-anchor" href="#module" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Module&quot;">​</a></h3><p>CommonJS 模块就是对象，输入时必须查找对象属性。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// CommonJS模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { stat, exists, readfile } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _fs </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> stat </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _fs.stat;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> exists </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _fs.exists;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> readfile </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _fs.readfile;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// CommonJS模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { stat, exists, readfile } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _fs </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> stat </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _fs.stat;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> exists </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _fs.exists;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> readfile </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _fs.readfile;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码的实质是整体加载<code>fs</code>模块（即加载<code>fs</code>的所有方法），生成一个对象（<code>_fs</code>），然后再从这个对象上面读取 3 个方法。这种加载称为“运行时加载”，因为只有运行时才能得到这个对象，导致完全没办法在编译时做“静态优化”。</p><p>ES6 模块不是对象，而是通过<code>export</code>命令显式指定输出的代码，再通过<code>import</code>命令输入。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ES6模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { stat, exists, readFile } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ES6模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { stat, exists, readFile } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码的实质是从<code>fs</code>模块加载 3 个方法，其他方法不加载。这种加载称为“编译时加载”或者静态加载，即 ES6 可以在编译时就完成模块加载，效率要比 CommonJS 模块的加载方式高。当然，这也导致了没法引用 ES6 模块本身，因为它不是对象。</p><p>由于 ES6 模块是编译时加载，使得静态分析成为可能。有了它，就能进一步拓宽 JavaScript 的语法，比如引入宏（macro）和类型检验（type system）这些只能靠静态分析实现的功能。</p><h4 id="严格模式" tabindex="-1">严格模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#严格模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;严格模式&quot;">​</a></h4><p>ES6 的模块自动采用严格模式，不管你有没有在模块头部加上<code>&quot;use strict&quot;;</code>。</p><h4 id="export" tabindex="-1">export <a class="header-anchor" href="#export" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;export&quot;">​</a></h4><p>模块功能主要由两个命令构成：<code>export</code>和<code>import</code>。<code>export</code>命令用于规定模块的对外接口，<code>import</code>命令用于输入其他模块提供的功能。</p><p>一个模块就是一个独立的文件。该文件内部的所有变量，外部无法获取。如果你希望外部能够读取模块内部的某个变量，就必须使用<code>export</code>关键字输出该变量。下面是一个 JS 文件，里面使用<code>export</code>命令输出变量。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// profile.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Michael&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lastName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Jackson&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> year </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1958</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// profile.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Michael&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lastName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Jackson&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> year </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1958</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码是<code>profile.js</code>文件，保存了用户信息。ES6 将其视为一个模块，里面用<code>export</code>命令对外部输出了三个变量。</p><p><code>export</code>的写法，除了像上面这样，还有另外一种。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// profile.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Michael&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lastName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Jackson&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> year </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1958</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { firstName, lastName, year };</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// profile.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Michael&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lastName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Jackson&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> year </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1958</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { firstName, lastName, year };</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码在<code>export</code>命令后面，使用大括号指定所要输出的一组变量。它与前一种写法（直接放置在<code>var</code>语句前）是等价的，但是应该优先考虑使用这种写法。因为这样就可以在脚本尾部，一眼看清楚输出了哪些变量。</p><p><code>export</code>命令除了输出变量，还可以输出函数或类（class）。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">multiply</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">multiply</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码对外输出一个函数<code>multiply</code>。</p><p>通常情况下，<code>export</code>输出的变量就是本来的名字，但是可以使用<code>as</code>关键字重命名。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  v1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> streamV1,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  v2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> streamV2,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  v2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> streamLatestVersion</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  v1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> streamV1,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  v2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> streamV2,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  v2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> streamLatestVersion</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码使用<code>as</code>关键字，重命名了函数<code>v1</code>和<code>v2</code>的对外接口。重命名后，<code>v2</code>可以用不同的名字输出两次。</p><p>需要特别注意的是，<code>export</code>命令规定的是对外的接口，必须与模块内部的变量建立一一对应关系。</p><h4 id="import" tabindex="-1">import <a class="header-anchor" href="#import" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;import&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用<code>export</code>命令定义了模块的对外接口以后，其他 JS 文件就可以通过<code>import</code>命令加载这个模块。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { firstName, lastName, year } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./profile.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">element</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  element.textContent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lastName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { firstName, lastName, year } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./profile.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">element</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  element.textContent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lastName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>面代码的<code>import</code>命令，用于加载<code>profile.js</code>文件，并从中输入变量。<code>import</code>命令接受一对大括号，里面指定要从其他模块导入的变量名。大括号里面的变量名，必须与被导入模块（<code>profile.js</code>）对外接口的名称相同。</p><p>如果想为输入的变量重新取一个名字，<code>import</code>命令要使用<code>as</code>关键字，将输入的变量重命名。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { lastName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> surname } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./profile.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { lastName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> surname } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./profile.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>import</code>命令输入的变量都是只读的，因为它的本质是输入接口。也就是说，不允许在加载模块的脚本里面，改写接口。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {a} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./xxx.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Syntax Error : &#39;a&#39; is read-only;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {a} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./xxx.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Syntax Error : &#39;a&#39; is read-only;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，脚本加载了变量<code>a</code>，对其重新赋值就会报错，因为<code>a</code>是一个只读的接口。但是，如果<code>a</code>是一个对象，改写<code>a</code>的属性是允许的。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {a} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./xxx.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a.foo </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 合法操作</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {a} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./xxx.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a.foo </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 合法操作</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>a</code>的属性可以成功改写，并且其他模块也可以读到改写后的值。不过，这种写法很难查错，建议凡是输入的变量，都当作完全只读，不要轻易改变它的属性。</p><p><code>import</code>后面的<code>from</code>指定模块文件的位置，可以是相对路径，也可以是绝对路径。如果不带有路径，只是一个模块名，那么必须有配置文件，告诉 JavaScript 引擎该模块的位置。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { myMethod } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;util&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { myMethod } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;util&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>util</code>是模块文件名，由于不带有路径，必须通过配置，告诉引擎怎么取到这个模块。</p><p>除了指定加载某个输出值，还可以使用整体加载，即用星号（<code>*</code>）指定一个对象，所有输出值都加载在这个对象上面。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> circle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;圆面积：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> circle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;圆周长：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> circle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">circumference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">14</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> circle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;圆面积：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> circle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;圆周长：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> circle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">circumference</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">14</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="export-default" tabindex="-1">export default <a class="header-anchor" href="#export-default" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;export default&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用<code>import</code>命令的时候，用户需要知道所要加载的变量名或函数名，否则无法加载。</p><p>为了给用户提供方便，让他们不用阅读文档就能加载模块，就要用到<code>export default</code>命令，为模块指定默认输出。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// export-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// export-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码是一个模块文件<code>export-default.js</code>，它的默认输出是一个函数。</p><p>其他模块加载该模块时，<code>import</code>命令可以为该匿名函数指定任意名字。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// import-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> customName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./export-default&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">customName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;foo&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// import-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> customName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./export-default&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">customName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;foo&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码的<code>import</code>命令，可以用任意名称指向<code>export-default.js</code>输出的方法，这时就不需要知道原模块输出的函数名。需要注意的是，这时<code>import</code>命令后面，不使用大括号。</p><p><code>export default</code>命令用在非匿名函数前，也是可以的。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// export-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者写成</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> foo;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// export-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者写成</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> foo;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>foo</code>函数的函数名<code>foo</code>，在模块外部是无效的。加载的时候，视同匿名函数加载。</p><h4 id="export和import复合写法" tabindex="-1">export和import复合写法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#export和import复合写法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;export和import复合写法&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { foo, bar } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以简单理解为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { foo, bar } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { foo, bar };</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { foo, bar } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以简单理解为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { foo, bar } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { foo, bar };</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>export</code>和<code>import</code>语句可以结合在一起，写成一行。但需要注意的是，写成一行以后，<code>foo</code>和<code>bar</code>实际上并没有被导入当前模块，只是相当于对外转发了这两个接口，导致当前模块不能直接使用<code>foo</code>和<code>bar</code>。</p><p>模块的接口改名和整体输出，也可以采用这种写法。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 接口改名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { foo </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> myFoo } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 整体输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 接口改名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { foo </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> myFoo } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 整体输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>默认接口的写法如下。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>具名接口改为默认接口的写法如下。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { es6 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { es6 } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> es6;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { es6 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { es6 } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> es6;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>同样地，默认接口也可以改名为具名接口。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> es6 } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> es6 } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="跨模块常量" tabindex="-1">跨模块常量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#跨模块常量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;跨模块常量&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// constants.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// test1.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> constants </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./constants&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(constants.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(constants.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// test2.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {A, B} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./constants&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// constants.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// test1.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> constants </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./constants&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(constants.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(constants.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// test2.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {A, B} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./constants&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="模块的继承" tabindex="-1">模块的继承 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块的继承" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块的继承&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>circleplus</code>模块，继承了<code>circle</code>模块。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// circleplus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.71828182846</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">exp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// circleplus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.71828182846</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">exp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这时，也可以将<code>circle</code>的属性或方法，改名后再输出。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// circleplus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { area </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> circleArea } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// circleplus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { area </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> circleArea } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码表示，只输出<code>circle</code>模块的<code>area</code>方法，且将其改名为<code>circleArea</code>。</p><p>加载上面模块的写法如下。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;circleplus&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> exp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;circleplus&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">exp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(math.e));</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;circleplus&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> exp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;circleplus&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">exp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(math.e));</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中的<code>import exp</code>表示，将<code>circleplus</code>模块的默认方法加载为<code>exp</code>方法。</p>`,514),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{u as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_JavaScript.md.c1a9a326.lean.js b/assets/frontend_base_JavaScript.md.c1a9a326.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f53cf2a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_JavaScript.md.c1a9a326.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"JavaScript","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/JavaScript.md","filePath":"frontend/base/JavaScript.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/base/JavaScript.md"},o=l("",514),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{u as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_Nodejs.md.e7030a94.js b/assets/frontend_base_Nodejs.md.e7030a94.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c2c690a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_Nodejs.md.e7030a94.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import{_ as s,o as l,c as a,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"Node.js","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/Nodejs.md","filePath":"frontend/base/Nodejs.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"frontend/base/Nodejs.md"},o=e(`<h1 id="node-js" tabindex="-1">Node.js <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-js" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Node.js&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="node-js简介" tabindex="-1">Node.js简介 <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-js简介" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Node.js简介&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Node.js是一个基于Chrome V8引擎的JavaScript运行环境。</p><blockquote><p>浏览器是js的前端运行环境</p><p>Node.js是js的后端运行环境</p></blockquote><h3 id="node-js中的javascript运行环境" tabindex="-1">Node.js中的JavaScript运行环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-js中的javascript运行环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Node.js中的JavaScript运行环境&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>V8引擎</li><li>内置API <ul><li>fs、path、http、JS、querystring。。。</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="node-js可以做什么" tabindex="-1">Node.js可以做什么 <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-js可以做什么" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Node.js可以做什么&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>基于Express可以构建Web应用</li><li>基于Electron可以构建跨平台桌面应用</li><li>基于restify可以构建API接口项目</li><li>读写和操作数据库、创建实用的命令行工具辅助开发。。</li></ul><h2 id="基础模块" tabindex="-1">基础模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础模块&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="fs模块" tabindex="-1">fs模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#fs模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;fs模块&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>fs.readFile() <ul><li>fs.readFile(path[, options], callback)</li></ul></li><li>fs.writeFile() <ul><li>fs.writeFile(file,data[,options], callback)</li></ul></li><li>动态拼接路径问题：<code>__dirname</code>替代当前文件所处目录 <ul><li><code>__dirname + &#39;/file/1.txt&#39;</code></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="path模块" tabindex="-1">path模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#path模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;path模块&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>path.join()</li><li>path.basename()</li></ul><h3 id="http模块" tabindex="-1">http模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#http模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;http模块&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="创建基本的web服务器" tabindex="-1">创建基本的web服务器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建基本的web服务器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建基本的web服务器&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">http</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> http.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">server.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;request&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">req</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;visit&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  res.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;text/html; charset=utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  res.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">end</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">server.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">listen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http server running at http://127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">http</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> http.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">server.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;request&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">req</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;visit&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  res.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;text/html; charset=utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  res.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">end</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">server.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">listen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http server running at http://127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>req <ul><li>url：请求url</li><li>method：请求方法</li></ul></li><li>res <ul><li>end()：发送响应</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="模块化" tabindex="-1">模块化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块化&quot;">​</a></h2><p>模块化是指解决一个复杂问题时，自顶向下逐层把系统划分为若干模块的过程，对于整个系统来说，模块是可组合、分解和更换的单元。</p><p>模块化优势：</p><ul><li>提高复用性</li><li>提高可维护性</li><li>可以实现按需加载</li></ul><h3 id="node-js模块分类" tabindex="-1">Node.js模块分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-js模块分类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Node.js模块分类&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>内置模块</li><li>自定义模块</li><li>第三方模块</li></ul><h3 id="加载模块" tabindex="-1">加载模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#加载模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;加载模块&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>const moduleName = require(&#39;moduleName&#39;)</code></li></ul><blockquote><p>使用require加载模块时会执行被加载模块的代码</p><p>使用自定义模块可以省略<code>.js</code></p></blockquote><h3 id="模块作用域" tabindex="-1">模块作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块作用域" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块作用域&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在自定义模块中定义的变量、方法等成员只能在当前模块内被访问，这种模块级别的访问限制，叫做模块作用域。</p><p>好处：防止全局变量污染</p><h4 id="向外共享模块作用域中的成员" tabindex="-1">向外共享模块作用域中的成员 <a class="header-anchor" href="#向外共享模块作用域中的成员" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;向外共享模块作用域中的成员&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>module对象：在每个.js自定义模块中都有一个module对象，里面存储了和当前模块有关的信息</p><ul><li><code>console.log(module)</code></li></ul></li><li><p><code>module.exports</code>：可以使用此对象将模块内的成员共享出去供外部使用，<strong>外界使用<code>require()</code>导入自定义模块时，得到的就是module.exports所指向的对象</strong></p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;test&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sayHello</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;test&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sayHello</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="exports对象" tabindex="-1">exports对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#exports对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;exports对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>exports</code>对象是<code>module.exports</code>的简化写法，两者指向同一个对象</p><h3 id="模块化规范" tabindex="-1">模块化规范 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块化规范" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块化规范&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Node.js遵循Common.js的模块化规范</p><p>CommonJS规定</p><ul><li>每个模块内部，module代表当前模块</li><li>module变量是一个对象，它的exports属性是对外的接口</li><li>加载某个模块，其实是加载该模块的module.exports属性。require()方法用于加载模块</li></ul><h2 id="npm和包" tabindex="-1">npm和包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#npm和包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;npm和包&quot;">​</a></h2><p>npm是Node.js的包管理工具</p><ul><li><p><code>npm install</code></p></li><li><p><code>npm uninstall</code></p></li><li><p><code>npm install package</code></p></li><li><p><code>npm i package</code></p></li><li><p><code>npm i package@version</code></p></li></ul><p>包版本的语义化规范</p><ul><li><p>点分十进制，总共三位数字，例如2.14.0</p></li><li><p>第一位数：大版本</p></li><li><p>第二位数：功能版本</p></li><li><p>第三位数：bug修复版本</p></li><li><p>版本号提升规则：前面版本增长，后面版本号归零</p></li></ul><h3 id="安装包后多出来的文件" tabindex="-1">安装包后多出来的文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装包后多出来的文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装包后多出来的文件&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>node_modules: 存放所有已安装到项目中的包</li><li>package-lock.json：记录node_modules目录下每一个包的下载信息，例如包的名字、版本号、下载地址等</li></ul><h3 id="包管理配置文件" tabindex="-1">包管理配置文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包管理配置文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包管理配置文件&quot;">​</a></h3><p>npm规定，项目根目录必须提供<code>package.json</code>的包管理配置文件。用来记录与项目有关的配置信息，例如：</p><ul><li>项目的名称、版本号、描述</li><li>项目中用到了哪些包</li><li>哪些包在开发期间会用到</li><li>哪些包在开发和部署时都会用到</li></ul><p>npm创建package.json命令：<code>npm init -y</code></p><blockquote><p>运行npm install时，npm会自动把包名、版本记录到package.json中</p></blockquote><h3 id="dependencies节点" tabindex="-1">dependencies节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dependencies节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;dependencies节点&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>package.json</code>中有一个dependencies节点专门记录<code>npm install</code>安装了哪些包</p><h3 id="devdependencies节点" tabindex="-1">devDependencies节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#devdependencies节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;devDependencies节点&quot;">​</a></h3><p>记录只在开发阶段使用、上线不会用到的包</p><ul><li>安装到dev节点中：<code>npm i packageName -D</code> / <code>npm install packageName --save-dev</code></li></ul><h3 id="修改镜像" tabindex="-1">修改镜像 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改镜像" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改镜像&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>npm config get registry</code></p></li><li><p><code>npm config set registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org/</code></p></li><li><p>nrm工具切换镜像源</p><ul><li><code>npm i nrm -g</code></li><li><code>nrm ls</code></li><li><code>nrm use taobao</code></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="包分类" tabindex="-1">包分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包分类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包分类&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>项目包：被安装到node_modules的都是项目包 <ul><li>开发依赖包</li><li>核心依赖包</li></ul></li><li>全局包：执行npm install时指定-g参数则会安装为全局包 <ul><li>一般为工具性质的包</li><li>npm install package -g</li><li>npm uninstall package -g</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>i5ting_toc: md转换为html工具</p><p>i5ting_toc -f md -o</p></blockquote><h3 id="包结构" tabindex="-1">包结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包结构&quot;">​</a></h3><p>规范的包结构必须符合：</p><ul><li>包必须单独目录</li><li>根目录必须包含package.json</li><li>package.json必须包含name、version、main三个属性，对应包名、版本号、包的入口</li></ul><h3 id="模块的加载机制" tabindex="-1">模块的加载机制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块的加载机制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块的加载机制&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>优先从缓存中加载：模块在第一次被加载后会被缓存，意味着多次调用require()不会导致模块的代码被多次执行</li><li>内置模块的加载优先级最高</li><li>require()加载自定义模块必需指定<code>./</code>或<code>../</code>开头的路径标识符，否则会被当作内置模块或第三方模块，同时如果导入时省略了扩展名，Node.js会按顺序尝试加载以下文件： <ul><li>按确切文件名加载</li><li>补全.js加载</li><li>补全.json加载</li><li>补全.node记载</li><li>加载失败，报错</li></ul></li><li>如果required()的标识符不是内置模块也不是<code>./</code>开头的路径标识符会被当作第三方模块，会从/node_modules中加载第三方模块 <ul><li>如果没有找到，就移动到上一层进行加载，直到文件系统根目录，找不到报错</li></ul></li><li>目录作为模块标识符的加载顺序 <ul><li>在目录中找package.json的main属性做为require的加载入口</li><li>然后找根目录的index.js</li><li>都找不到报错</li></ul></li></ul>`,64),p=[o];function t(r,c,i,d,E,u){return l(),a("div",null,p)}const m=s(n,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_Nodejs.md.e7030a94.lean.js b/assets/frontend_base_Nodejs.md.e7030a94.lean.js
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_Nodejs.md.e7030a94.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as l,c as a,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"Node.js","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/Nodejs.md","filePath":"frontend/base/Nodejs.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"frontend/base/Nodejs.md"},o=e("",64),p=[o];function t(r,c,i,d,E,u){return l(),a("div",null,p)}const m=s(n,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_Typescript.md.16e6c7bf.js b/assets/frontend_base_Typescript.md.16e6c7bf.js
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,1371 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"TypeScript","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/Typescript.md","filePath":"frontend/base/Typescript.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/base/Typescript.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="typescript" tabindex="-1">TypeScript <a class="header-anchor" href="#typescript" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;TypeScript&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="原始类型" tabindex="-1">原始类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#原始类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原始类型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>字符串 <ul><li>支持模板字符串赋值</li></ul></li><li>布尔</li><li>数字 <ul><li>支持十进制、十六进制、二进制、八进制、NaN、Infinity</li></ul></li><li>Null和Undefined</li></ul><h3 id="any" tabindex="-1">Any <a class="header-anchor" href="#any" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Any&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在编程阶段还不清楚类型的变量指定的一个类型</p><h3 id="void" tabindex="-1">Void <a class="header-anchor" href="#void" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Void&quot;">​</a></h3><p>某种程度上来说，<code>void</code>类型像是与<code>any</code>类型相反，它表示没有任何类型。</p><h3 id="null和undefined" tabindex="-1">Null和Undefined <a class="header-anchor" href="#null和undefined" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Null和Undefined&quot;">​</a></h3><p>TypeScript里，<code>undefined</code>和<code>null</code>两者各自有自己的类型分别叫做<code>undefined</code>和<code>null</code>。 和 <code>void</code>相似，它们的本身的类型用处不是很大。</p><p>默认情况下<code>null</code>和<code>undefined</code>是所有类型的子类型。 就是说你可以把 <code>null</code>和<code>undefined</code>赋值给<code>number</code>类型的变量。</p><p>然而，当指定了<code>--strictNullChecks</code>标记，<code>null</code>和<code>undefined</code>只能赋值给<code>void</code>和它们各自。 这能避免 <em>很多</em>常见的问题。</p><h3 id="object" tabindex="-1">Object <a class="header-anchor" href="#object" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Object&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>Object</code>：包含所有类型</li><li><code>object</code>：表示非原始类型也就是除<code>number</code>，<code>string</code>，<code>boolean</code>，<code>symbol</code>，<code>null</code>或<code>undefined</code>之外的类型。</li><li><code>{}</code>：同<code>new Object()</code>，包含所有类型，但无法修改属性、赋值等</li></ul><h3 id="接口和对象" tabindex="-1">接口和对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口和对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口和对象&quot;">​</a></h3><p>typescript中定义对象的方式是用<code>interface</code>，定义一种约束，让数据结构满足约束格式</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [propName:string]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">readonly</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">id</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> p</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;zs&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  id: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  a:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  b:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [propName:string]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">readonly</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">id</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> p</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;zs&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  id: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  a:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  b:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>对象属性必须和<code>interface</code>完全一致</li><li>重名的<code>interface</code>会被合并</li><li>任意key（索引签名）</li><li>可选<code>?</code></li><li>只读<code>readonly</code></li><li>定义函数类型</li></ul><h3 id="数组" tabindex="-1">数组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>元素类型后加<code>[]</code>，例如：<code>number[]</code>、<code>string[]</code></li><li>数组范型：<code>Array&lt;number&gt;</code></li><li>定义对象数组用<code>interface</code></li><li>二维数组:<code>let arr:number[][] = [[1], [2]]</code></li><li>一把梭：<code>any[]</code></li></ul><h3 id="函数" tabindex="-1">函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//箭头函数和定义返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可选参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//传对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">User</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">nubmer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">User</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">User</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({ name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;111&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ts可以定义this的类型,在js中无法使用，必须是第一个参数定义this的类型(有点类似python里面的self？)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">num</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  user:[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">num</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.user.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">obj.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数重载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">findNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">findNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">id</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">findNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">add</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[])</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//跟据入参走不同逻辑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">findNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ids</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[])</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ids </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;number&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ids)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Array.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ids)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    user.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ids)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">findNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//箭头函数和定义返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可选参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//传对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">User</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">nubmer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">User</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">User</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({ name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;111&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ts可以定义this的类型,在js中无法使用，必须是第一个参数定义this的类型(有点类似python里面的self？)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">num</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  user:[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">num</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.user.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">obj.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数重载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">findNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">findNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">id</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">findNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">add</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[])</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//跟据入参走不同逻辑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">findNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ids</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[])</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">typeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ids </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;number&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ids)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Array.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ids)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    user.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ids)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">findNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="联合类型" tabindex="-1">联合类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#联合类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;联合类型&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> phone</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;123456&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数使用联合类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> phone</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;123456&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数使用联合类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>TypeScript中的 !!是一个逻辑非（not）操作符的双重否定形式，它可以用于将一个值转换成对应的布尔值。基本上，!!可以将任何值强制转换为对应的布尔值类型。</p><p>例如，使用!!可以将下列值转换为布尔类型的值：</p><p>!!true // true</p><p>!!1 // true</p><p>!!&quot;hello&quot; // true</p><p>!!undefined // false</p><p>!!null // false</p><p>!!0 // false</p><p>!!&quot;&quot; // false</p></blockquote><h3 id="交叉类型" tabindex="-1">交叉类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#交叉类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;交叉类型&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">People</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">param</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">People</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(man)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  name:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ikun&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  age:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;两年半&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  sex:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">People</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">param</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">People</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(man)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  name:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ikun&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  age:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;两年半&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  sex:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="类型断言" tabindex="-1">类型断言 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型断言" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类型断言&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>尖括号</code>写法</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> someValue</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;this is a string&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> strLength</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;someValue).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> someValue</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;this is a string&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> strLength</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;someValue).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>as</code>写法</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> someValue</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;this is a string&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> strLength</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (someValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> someValue</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;this is a string&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> strLength</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (someValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>使用JSX时只允许as写法</p></blockquote><h3 id="内置对象" tabindex="-1">内置对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内置对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内置对象&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>Number(1)</code></li><li><code>Date()</code></li><li><code>RegExp(/\\w/)</code></li><li><code>Error(&#39;wrong&#39;)</code></li><li><code>XMLHttpRequest</code></li><li><code>HTML(元素名称)Element / HTMLElement / Element</code></li><li><code>NodeList</code> / <code>NodeListOf&lt;HTMLDivElement | HTMLElement&gt;</code></li><li><code>Storage</code></li><li><code>Location</code></li><li><code>Promise</code></li><li>...</li></ul><h3 id="class" tabindex="-1">Class <a class="header-anchor" href="#class" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Class&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//class的基本用法 继承 和类型约束 implements</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HTMLElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tag</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">text</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">children</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//虚拟dom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//创建dom节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(el);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//填充文本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setText</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HTMLElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">text</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    el.textContent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> text;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//渲染函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> root </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data.tag);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (data.children </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Array.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data.children)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      data.children.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> child </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        root.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">appendChild</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(child);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setText</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(root, data.text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">undefined</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data.text);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> root;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> options;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      tag: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      text: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      children: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          text: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;子节点1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          text: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;子节点2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          text: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;子节点3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> app </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.options.el </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;string&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.options.el)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.options.el;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    app?.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">appendChild</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  el: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#app&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//class的基本用法 继承 和类型约束 implements</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HTMLElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tag</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">text</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">children</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//虚拟dom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dom</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//创建dom节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(el);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//填充文本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setText</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HTMLElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">text</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    el.textContent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> text;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//渲染函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> root </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data.tag);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (data.children </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Array.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data.children)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      data.children.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> child </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        root.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">appendChild</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(child);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setText</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(root, data.text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">undefined</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data.text);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> root;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dom</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> options;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      tag: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      text: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      children: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          text: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;子节点1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          text: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;子节点2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          text: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;子节点3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> app </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">typeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.options.el </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;string&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.options.el)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.options.el;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    app?.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">appendChild</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  el: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#app&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>readonly</li><li>private</li><li>protected</li><li>public</li><li>super()</li><li>静态方法 static</li><li>get set</li></ul><h3 id="抽象类-抽象方法" tabindex="-1">抽象类 &amp; 抽象方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#抽象类-抽象方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;抽象类 &amp; 抽象方法&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>abstract className</li><li>abstract functionName</li></ul><h3 id="元组tuple" tabindex="-1">元组Tuple <a class="header-anchor" href="#元组tuple" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元组Tuple&quot;">​</a></h3><p>元组类型允许表示一个已知元素数量和类型的数组，各元素的类型不必相同。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Declare a tuple type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Initialize it</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Initialize it incorrectly</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Declare a tuple type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Initialize it</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Initialize it incorrectly</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当访问一个已知索引的元素，会得到正确的类型：</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">substr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">substr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error, &#39;number&#39; does not have &#39;substr&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">substr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">substr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error, &#39;number&#39; does not have &#39;substr&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当访问一个越界的元素，会使用联合类型替代：</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK, 字符串可以赋值给(string | number)类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK, &#39;string&#39; 和 &#39;number&#39; 都有 toString</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error, 布尔不是(string | number)类型</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK, 字符串可以赋值给(string | number)类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK, &#39;string&#39; 和 &#39;number&#39; 都有 toString</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error, 布尔不是(string | number)类型</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="枚举" tabindex="-1">枚举 <a class="header-anchor" href="#枚举" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;枚举&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>enum</code>类型是对JavaScript标准数据类型的一个补充。</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>默认情况下，从<code>0</code>开始为元素编号。 你也可以手动的指定成员的数值。 例如，我们将上面的例子改成从 <code>1</code>开始编号：</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Red</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>或者，全部都采用手动赋值：</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Red</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Green</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>枚举类型提供的一个便利是你可以由枚举的值得到它的名字。 例如，我们知道数值为2，但是不确定它映射到Color里的哪个名字，我们可以查找相应的名字：</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colorName</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(colorName);  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 显示&#39;Green&#39;因为上面代码里它的值是2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Red</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colorName</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(colorName);  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 显示&#39;Green&#39;因为上面代码里它的值是2</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="类型推断" tabindex="-1">类型推断 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型推断" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类型推断&quot;">​</a></h3><p>TypeScript里，在有些没有明确指出类型的地方，类型推论会帮助提供类型。</p><p>如果没有指出类型 &amp; 没赋值 会被推断成any类型。</p><h3 id="类型别名" tabindex="-1">类型别名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型别名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类型别名&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;test&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;123&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">s1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">num</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;test&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;123&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">s1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">typeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">num</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230419001413539.png" alt="image-20230419001413539"></p><h3 id="never" tabindex="-1">Never <a class="header-anchor" href="#never" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Never&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>never</code>类型表示的是那些永不存在的值的类型。 例如， <code>never</code>类型是那些总是会抛出异常或根本就不会有返回值的函数表达式或箭头函数表达式的返回值类型； 变量也可能是 <code>never</code>类型，当它们被永不为真的类型保护所约束时。</p><p><code>never</code>类型是任何类型的子类型，也可以赋值给任何类型；然而，<em>没有</em>类型是<code>never</code>的子类型或可以赋值给<code>never</code>类型（除了<code>never</code>本身之外）。 即使 <code>any</code>也不可以赋值给<code>never</code>。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//never</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">never</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//never会被忽略掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;唱&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;跳&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rap&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">kun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (value) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;唱&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;跳&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rap&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">check</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">never</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//never</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">never</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//never会被忽略掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;唱&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;跳&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rap&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">kun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (value) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;唱&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;跳&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rap&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">check</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">never</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="symbol" tabindex="-1">Symbol <a class="header-anchor" href="#symbol" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Symbol&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a2) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//for Symbol 有没有注册过这个key 如果有直接用 没有就创建</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Symbol.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Symbol.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a2) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//for Symbol 有没有注册过这个key 如果有直接用 没有就创建</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Symbol.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Symbol.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>可以用来避免属性被覆盖</li></ul><h3 id="生成器-迭代器" tabindex="-1">生成器 迭代器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生成器-迭代器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生成器 迭代器&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resovle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;2&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: Promise { &#39;111&#39; }, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: &#39;1&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: &#39;2&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: undefined, done: true }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resovle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;2&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: Promise { &#39;111&#39; }, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: &#39;1&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: &#39;2&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: undefined, done: true }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Set</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1 2 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> map</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">map.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arr, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;123&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">arguments</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//伪数组 IArguments</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">each</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> It</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value[Symbol.iterator]()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> next</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { done: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> It.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(next.value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">each</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//迭代器语法糖 for of</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//对象不能用 for of语法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> map) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//数组解构 底层原理也是调用iterator</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> copy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  max:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  current:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [Symbol.iterator]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      max: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.max,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      current: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.current,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.current </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.max) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">undefined</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            done:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.current</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            done:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Set</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1 2 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> map</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">map.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arr, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;123&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">arguments</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//伪数组 IArguments</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">each</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> It</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value[Symbol.iterator]()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> next</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { done: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> It.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(next.value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">each</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//迭代器语法糖 for of</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//对象不能用 for of语法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> map) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//数组解构 底层原理也是调用iterator</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> copy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">a]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  max:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  current:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [Symbol.iterator]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      max: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.max,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      current: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.current,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.current </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.max) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">undefined</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            done:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.current</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            done:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="泛型" tabindex="-1">泛型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#泛型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;泛型&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [a,b]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">msg</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  msg:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [a,b]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">axios</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xhr</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">XMLHttpRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">XMLHttpRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;GET&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onreadystatechange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(xhr.readyState </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xhr.status </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(xhr.responseText))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Array</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [a,b]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">msg</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  msg:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Array</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [a,b]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">axios</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xhr</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">XMLHttpRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">XMLHttpRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;GET&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onreadystatechange</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(xhr.readyState </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xhr.status </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(xhr.responseText))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="泛型约束" tabindex="-1">泛型约束 <a class="header-anchor" href="#泛型约束" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;泛型约束&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// extends</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">length</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)(a:T) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.log(a.length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;test&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 约束对象的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">keyof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;name&quot; | &quot;sex&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ob</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">keyof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">obj</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">key</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//readonly [Key in keyof T]?:T[Key]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">keyof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">type B = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    name?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    age?: number | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    sex?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">type B = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    name?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    age?: number | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    sex?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// extends</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Len</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">length</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)(a:T) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.log(a.length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;test&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 约束对象的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">keyof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">typeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;name&quot; | &quot;sex&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ob</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">keyof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">obj</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">key</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Data</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//readonly [Key in keyof T]?:T[Key]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">keyof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">type B = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    name?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    age?: number | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    sex?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">type B = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    name?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    age?: number | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    sex?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="tsconfig-json" tabindex="-1">tsconfig.json <a class="header-anchor" href="#tsconfig-json" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;tsconfig.json&quot;">​</a></h3><p>通过<code>tsc --init</code>生成</p><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;compilerOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;incremental&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TS编译器在第一次编译之后会生成一个存储编译信息的文件，第二次编译会在第一次的基础上进行增量编译，可以提高编译的速度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;tsBuildInfoFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./buildFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增量编译文件的存储位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;diagnostics&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印诊断信息 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ES5&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 目标语言的版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;module&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CommonJS&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成代码的模板标准</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;outFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./app.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将多个相互依赖的文件生成一个文件，可以用在AMD模块中，即开启时应设置&quot;module&quot;: &quot;AMD&quot;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;lib&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DOM&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ES2015&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ScriptHost&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ES2019.Array&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TS需要引用的库，即声明文件，es5 默认引用dom、es5、scripthost,如需要使用es的高级版本特性，通常都需要配置，如es8的数组新特性需要引入&quot;ES2019.Array&quot;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;allowJS&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许编译器编译JS，JSX文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;checkJs&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许在JS文件中报错，通常与allowJS一起使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;outDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./dist&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;rootDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定输出文件目录(用于输出)，用于控制输出目录结构</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;declaration&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成声明文件，开启后会自动生成声明文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;declarationDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./file&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定生成声明文件存放目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;emitDeclarationOnly&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只生成声明文件，而不会生成js文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;sourceMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成目标文件的sourceMap文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;inlineSourceMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成目标文件的inline SourceMap，inline SourceMap会包含在生成的js文件中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;declarationMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 为声明文件生成sourceMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;typeRoots&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 声明文件目录，默认时node_modules/@types</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;types&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载的声明文件包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;removeComments&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 删除注释 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noEmit&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不输出文件,即编译后不会生成任何js文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noEmitOnError&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 发送错误时不输出任何文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noEmitHelpers&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不生成helper函数，减小体积，需要额外安装，常配合importHelpers一起使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;importHelpers&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 通过tslib引入helper函数，文件必须是模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;downlevelIteration&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 降级遍历器实现，如果目标源是es3/5，那么遍历器会有降级的实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;strict&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启所有严格的类型检查</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;alwaysStrict&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 在代码中注入&#39;use strict&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noImplicitAny&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许隐式的any类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;strictNullChecks&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许把null、undefined赋值给其他类型的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;strictFunctionTypes&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许函数参数双向协变</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;strictPropertyInitialization&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 类的实例属性必须初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;strictBindCallApply&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 严格的bind/call/apply检查</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noImplicitThis&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许this有隐式的any类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noUnusedLocals&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查只声明、未使用的局部变量(只提示不报错)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noUnusedParameters&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查未使用的函数参数(只提示不报错)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noFallthroughCasesInSwitch&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 防止switch语句贯穿(即如果没有break语句后面不会执行)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noImplicitReturns&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//每个分支都会有返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;esModuleInterop&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许export=导出，由import from 导入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;allowUmdGlobalAccess&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许在模块中全局变量的方式访问umd模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;moduleResolution&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;node&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 模块解析策略，ts默认用node的解析策略，即相对的方式导入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;baseUrl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解析非相对模块的基地址，默认是当前目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;paths&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路径映射，相对于baseUrl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如使用jq时不想使用默认版本，而需要手动指定版本，可进行如下配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;jquery&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;rootDirs&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;src&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将多个目录放在一个虚拟目录下，用于运行时，即编译后引入文件的位置可能发生变化，这也设置可以虚拟src和out在同一个目录下，不用再去改变路径也不会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;listEmittedFiles&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印输出文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;listFiles&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印编译的文件(包括引用的声明文件)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定一个匹配列表（属于自动指定该路径下的所有ts相关文件）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;include&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;src/**/*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定一个排除列表（include的反向操作）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;exclude&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;demo.ts&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定哪些文件使用该配置（属于手动一个个指定文件）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;files&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;demo.ts&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;compilerOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;incremental&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TS编译器在第一次编译之后会生成一个存储编译信息的文件，第二次编译会在第一次的基础上进行增量编译，可以提高编译的速度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;tsBuildInfoFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./buildFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增量编译文件的存储位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;diagnostics&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印诊断信息 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ES5&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 目标语言的版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;module&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CommonJS&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成代码的模板标准</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;outFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./app.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将多个相互依赖的文件生成一个文件，可以用在AMD模块中，即开启时应设置&quot;module&quot;: &quot;AMD&quot;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;lib&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DOM&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ES2015&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ScriptHost&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ES2019.Array&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TS需要引用的库，即声明文件，es5 默认引用dom、es5、scripthost,如需要使用es的高级版本特性，通常都需要配置，如es8的数组新特性需要引入&quot;ES2019.Array&quot;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;allowJS&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许编译器编译JS，JSX文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;checkJs&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许在JS文件中报错，通常与allowJS一起使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;outDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./dist&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;rootDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定输出文件目录(用于输出)，用于控制输出目录结构</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;declaration&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成声明文件，开启后会自动生成声明文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;declarationDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./file&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定生成声明文件存放目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;emitDeclarationOnly&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只生成声明文件，而不会生成js文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;sourceMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成目标文件的sourceMap文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;inlineSourceMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成目标文件的inline SourceMap，inline SourceMap会包含在生成的js文件中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;declarationMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 为声明文件生成sourceMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;typeRoots&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 声明文件目录，默认时node_modules/@types</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;types&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载的声明文件包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;removeComments&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 删除注释 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noEmit&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不输出文件,即编译后不会生成任何js文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noEmitOnError&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 发送错误时不输出任何文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noEmitHelpers&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不生成helper函数，减小体积，需要额外安装，常配合importHelpers一起使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;importHelpers&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 通过tslib引入helper函数，文件必须是模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;downlevelIteration&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 降级遍历器实现，如果目标源是es3/5，那么遍历器会有降级的实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;strict&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启所有严格的类型检查</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;alwaysStrict&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 在代码中注入&#39;use strict&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noImplicitAny&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许隐式的any类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;strictNullChecks&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许把null、undefined赋值给其他类型的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;strictFunctionTypes&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许函数参数双向协变</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;strictPropertyInitialization&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 类的实例属性必须初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;strictBindCallApply&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 严格的bind/call/apply检查</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noImplicitThis&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许this有隐式的any类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noUnusedLocals&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查只声明、未使用的局部变量(只提示不报错)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noUnusedParameters&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查未使用的函数参数(只提示不报错)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noFallthroughCasesInSwitch&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 防止switch语句贯穿(即如果没有break语句后面不会执行)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noImplicitReturns&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//每个分支都会有返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;esModuleInterop&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许export=导出，由import from 导入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;allowUmdGlobalAccess&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许在模块中全局变量的方式访问umd模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;moduleResolution&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;node&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 模块解析策略，ts默认用node的解析策略，即相对的方式导入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;baseUrl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解析非相对模块的基地址，默认是当前目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;paths&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路径映射，相对于baseUrl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如使用jq时不想使用默认版本，而需要手动指定版本，可进行如下配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;jquery&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;rootDirs&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;src&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将多个目录放在一个虚拟目录下，用于运行时，即编译后引入文件的位置可能发生变化，这也设置可以虚拟src和out在同一个目录下，不用再去改变路径也不会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;listEmittedFiles&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印输出文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;listFiles&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印编译的文件(包括引用的声明文件)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定一个匹配列表（属于自动指定该路径下的所有ts相关文件）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;include&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;src/**/*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定一个排除列表（include的反向操作）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;exclude&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;demo.ts&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定哪些文件使用该配置（属于手动一个个指定文件）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;files&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;demo.ts&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="namespace" tabindex="-1">namespace <a class="header-anchor" href="#namespace" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;namespace&quot;">​</a></h3><p>typescript提供了<code>namespace</code>避免全局变量污染的问题。</p><p>任何包含顶级import或export的文件都被当作一个模块。相反的，如果不带，那么它的内容被视为全局可见的。</p><ul><li>命名空间在ts1.5之前叫<code>内部模块</code>，<code>外部模块</code>现在简称为模块。</li><li>命名空间内的类默认私有</li><li>通过export暴露</li><li>通过namespace关键字定义</li></ul><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;use strict&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 嵌套命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">D</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">D</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//抽离命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {V} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;../index&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// {a:1}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//简化命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">D</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.C</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">D</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//命名空间合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">b</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//等价于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">b</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;use strict&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 嵌套命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">D</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">C</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">D</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//抽离命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {V} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;../index&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// {a:1}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//简化命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">D</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.C</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">D</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//命名空间合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">b</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//等价于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">b</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="三斜线指令" tabindex="-1">三斜线指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#三斜线指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;三斜线指令&quot;">​</a></h3><p>三斜线指令是包含单个XML标签的单行注释。 注释的内容会做为编译器指令使用。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">reference</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">path</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;...&quot;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference path=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令是三斜线指令中最常见的一种。 它用于声明文件间的 依赖。</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">reference</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">path</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;...&quot;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference path=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令是三斜线指令中最常见的一种。 它用于声明文件间的 依赖。</span></span></code></pre></div><p>三斜线引用告诉编译器在编译过程中要引入的额外的文件。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">reference</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">types</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;...&quot;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">与 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference path=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令相似，这个指令是用来声明 依赖的； 一个 /// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令则声明了对某个包的依赖。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">对这些包的名字的解析与在 import语句里对模块名的解析类似。 可以简单地把三斜线类型引用指令当做 import声明的包。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">例如，把 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference types=&quot;node&quot; /&gt;引入到声明文件，表明这个文件使用了 @types/node/index.d.ts里面声明的名字； 并且，这个包需要在编译阶段与声明文件一起被包含进来。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">仅当在你需要写一个d.ts文件时才使用这个指令。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">对于那些在编译阶段生成的声明文件，编译器会自动地添加</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;； 当且仅当结果文件中使用了引用的包里的声明时才会在生成的声明文件里添加/// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;语句。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">若要在.ts文件里声明一个对@types包的依赖，使用</span><span style="color:#F97583;">--</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">types命令行选项或在tsconfig.json里指定。</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">reference</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">types</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;...&quot;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">与 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference path=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令相似，这个指令是用来声明 依赖的； 一个 /// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令则声明了对某个包的依赖。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">对这些包的名字的解析与在 import语句里对模块名的解析类似。 可以简单地把三斜线类型引用指令当做 import声明的包。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">例如，把 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference types=&quot;node&quot; /&gt;引入到声明文件，表明这个文件使用了 @types/node/index.d.ts里面声明的名字； 并且，这个包需要在编译阶段与声明文件一起被包含进来。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">仅当在你需要写一个d.ts文件时才使用这个指令。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">对于那些在编译阶段生成的声明文件，编译器会自动地添加</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;； 当且仅当结果文件中使用了引用的包里的声明时才会在生成的声明文件里添加/// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;语句。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">若要在.ts文件里声明一个对@types包的依赖，使用</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">--</span><span style="color:#24292E;">types命令行选项或在tsconfig.json里指定。</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="声明文件" tabindex="-1">声明文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明文件&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用第三方库时需要引用它的声明文件<code>d.ts</code>才能获得对应的代码补全、接口提示等功能</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">npm i @types</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">xxx</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">npm i @types</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">xxx</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="mixins混入" tabindex="-1">Mixins混入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mixins混入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Mixins混入&quot;">​</a></h3><p>除了传统的面向对象继承方式，还流行一种通过可重用组件创建类的方式，就是联合另一个简单类的代码。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Disposable Mixin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Disposable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">isDisposed</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">dispose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.isDisposed </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Activatable Mixin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Activatable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">isActive</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">activate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">deactivate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SmartObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Disposable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Activatable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setInterval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.isDisposed), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">interact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">activate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Disposable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">isDisposed</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">dispose</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Activatable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">isActive</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">activate</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">deactivate</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyMixins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(SmartObject, [Disposable, Activatable]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> smartObj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SmartObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> smartObj.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">interact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">////////////////////////////////////////</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// In your runtime library somewhere</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">////////////////////////////////////////</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyMixins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">derivedCtor</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">baseCtors</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    baseCtors.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Object.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getOwnPropertyNames</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">derivedCtor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[name] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[name];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Disposable Mixin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Disposable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">isDisposed</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dispose</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.isDisposed </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Activatable Mixin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Activatable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">isActive</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">activate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">deactivate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SmartObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Disposable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Activatable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setInterval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.isDisposed), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">activate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Disposable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">isDisposed</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dispose</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Activatable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">isActive</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">activate</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">deactivate</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyMixins</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(SmartObject, [Disposable, Activatable]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> smartObj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SmartObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> smartObj.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">////////////////////////////////////////</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// In your runtime library somewhere</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">////////////////////////////////////////</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyMixins</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">derivedCtor</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">baseCtors</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    baseCtors.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Object.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getOwnPropertyNames</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">derivedCtor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[name] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[name];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="装饰器decorator" tabindex="-1">装饰器Decorator <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器decorator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器Decorator&quot;">​</a></h3><p>随着TypeScript和ES6里引入了类，在一些场景下我们需要额外的特性来支持标注或修改类及其成员。 装饰器（Decorators）为我们在类的声明及成员上通过元编程语法添加标注提供了一种方式。</p><p>若要启用实验性的装饰器特性，你必须在命令行或<code>tsconfig.json</code>里启用<code>experimentalDecorators</code>编译器选项：</p><p><strong>命令行</strong>:</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">tsc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ES5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--experimentalDecorators</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tsc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--target</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ES5</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--experimentalDecorators</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>tsconfig.json</strong>:</p><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;compilerOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ES5&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;experimentalDecorators&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;compilerOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ES5&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;experimentalDecorators&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><em>装饰器</em>是一种特殊类型的声明，它能够被附加到<a href="https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/decorators.html#class-decorators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">类声明</a>，<a href="https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/decorators.html#method-decorators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">方法</a>， <a href="https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/decorators.html#accessor-decorators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">访问符</a>，<a href="https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/decorators.html#property-decorators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">属性</a>或<a href="https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/decorators.html#parameter-decorators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">参数</a>上。 装饰器使用 <code>@expression</code>这种形式，<code>expression</code>求值后必须为一个函数，它会在运行时被调用，被装饰的声明信息做为参数传入。</p><h4 id="类装饰器" tabindex="-1">类装饰器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类装饰器&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IKun</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ClassDecorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(target);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ikun&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slogan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;鸡你太美&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@IKun</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">person.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slogan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 鸡你太美</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IKun</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ClassDecorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(target);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ikun&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slogan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;鸡你太美&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@IKun</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">person.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slogan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 鸡你太美</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="装饰器工厂" tabindex="-1">装饰器工厂 <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器工厂" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器工厂&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IKun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decorator</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ClassDecorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slogan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;鸡你太美&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IKun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;小黑子&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(person.name); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 小黑子</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">person.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slogan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 鸡你太美</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IKun</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decorator</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ClassDecorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slogan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;鸡你太美&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IKun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;小黑子&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(person.name); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 小黑子</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">person.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slogan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 鸡你太美</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="方法装饰器" tabindex="-1">方法装饰器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方法装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方法装饰器&quot;">​</a></h4><p><em>方法装饰器</em>声明在一个方法的声明之前（紧靠着方法声明）。 它会被应用到方法的 <em>属性描述符</em>上，可以用来监视，修改或者替换方法定义。 方法装饰器不能用在声明文件( <code>.d.ts</code>)，重载或者任何外部上下文（比如<code>declare</code>的类）中。</p><p>方法装饰器表达式会在运行时当作函数被调用，传入下列3个参数：</p><ol><li>对于静态成员来说是类的构造函数，对于实例成员是类的原型对象。</li><li>成员的名字。</li><li>成员的<em>属性描述符</em>。</li></ol><p>如果方法装饰器返回一个值，它会被用作方法的<em>属性描述符</em>。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">logResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">descriptor</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PropertyDescriptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> descriptor.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  descriptor.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用新的方法来替换原有方法，输出 方法名称 + 输入的参数 实现日志的增强功能</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apply</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rest)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(propertyKey </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @logResult</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @logResult</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;张三&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">p.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// getName：张三</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">p.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// getAge：18</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">logResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">descriptor</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PropertyDescriptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> descriptor.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  descriptor.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#E36209;">rest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用新的方法来替换原有方法，输出 方法名称 + 输入的参数 实现日志的增强功能</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">result</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apply</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rest)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(propertyKey </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @logResult</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @logResult</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;张三&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">p.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// getName：张三</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">p.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// getAge：18</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;reflect-metadata&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">formatMetadataKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;format&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">formatString</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Reflect.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(formatMetadataKey, formatString);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFormat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Reflect.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMetadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(formatMetadataKey, target, propertyKey);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Greeter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello, %s&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">greeting</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.greeting </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">greet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatString </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFormat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;greeting&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;%s&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.greeting);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Greeter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">greet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;Hello, world&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;reflect-metadata&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">formatMetadataKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;format&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">formatString</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Reflect.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(formatMetadataKey, formatString);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFormat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Reflect.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMetadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(formatMetadataKey, target, propertyKey);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Greeter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello, %s&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">greeting</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.greeting </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">greet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatString </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFormat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;greeting&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;%s&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.greeting);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Greeter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">greet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;Hello, world&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="参数装饰器" tabindex="-1">参数装饰器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#参数装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;参数装饰器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>参数装饰器用于装饰函数参数，参数装饰器接收3个参数：</p><ul><li><code>target</code>: 对于静态成员来说是类的构造函数，对于实例成员是类的原型对象</li><li><code>propertyKey</code>: 方法名。</li><li><code>paramIndex</code>: 参数所在位置的索引。</li></ul><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">paramDecorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">paramIndex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(target, propertyKey, paramIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@paramDecorator </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;张三&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Person、setName、0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">p.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;李四&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">paramDecorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">paramIndex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(target, propertyKey, paramIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@paramDecorator </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;张三&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Person、setName、0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">p.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;李四&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div>`,118),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const d=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{C as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_Typescript.md.16e6c7bf.lean.js b/assets/frontend_base_Typescript.md.16e6c7bf.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12bb9ecdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_Typescript.md.16e6c7bf.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"TypeScript","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/Typescript.md","filePath":"frontend/base/Typescript.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/base/Typescript.md"},o=l("",118),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const d=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{C as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_Webpack.md.c2dbe130.js b/assets/frontend_base_Webpack.md.c2dbe130.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e94d5d346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_Webpack.md.c2dbe130.js
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"Webpack","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/Webpack.md","filePath":"frontend/base/Webpack.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/base/Webpack.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="webpack" tabindex="-1">Webpack <a class="header-anchor" href="#webpack" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Webpack&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>webpack时前端项目工程化的具体解决方案。webpack的主要功能：提供了友好的前端模块化开发支持、代码压缩混淆、处理浏览器端javascript得兼容性、性能优化等强大的功能。</p></blockquote><h2 id="前端工程化" tabindex="-1">前端工程化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#前端工程化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;前端工程化&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>模块化</li><li>组件化</li><li>规范话</li><li>自动化</li></ul><h2 id="基础使用" tabindex="-1">基础使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础使用&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><code>npm install webpack@version webpack-cli@version -D</code></p></li><li><p>webpack.config.js</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  mode: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;development&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可取值development和production，前者不会压缩和性能优化，打包速度快</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  mode: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;development&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可取值development和production，前者不会压缩和性能优化，打包速度快</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>package.json</p><ul><li><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;script&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;webpack&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;script&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;webpack&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="默认约定" tabindex="-1">默认约定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#默认约定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;默认约定&quot;">​</a></h3><p>webpack 4.x和5.x版本有如下默认约定</p><ul><li>默认打包入口文件：src -&gt; index.js</li><li>默认输出文件路径：dist -&gt; main.js</li></ul><h3 id="修改打包默认约定" tabindex="-1">修改打包默认约定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改打包默认约定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改打包默认约定&quot;">​</a></h3><p>可以在webpack.config.js中</p><ul><li>修改entry节点指定打包入口</li><li>修改output节点指定输出</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  entry: path.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">join</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./src/index.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  output: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path: path.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">join</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./dist&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    filename: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;js/bundle.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  entry: path.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">join</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./src/index.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  output: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path: path.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">join</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./dist&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    filename: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;js/bundle.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="插件" tabindex="-1">插件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#插件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;插件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="webpack-dev-server" tabindex="-1">webpack-dev-server <a class="header-anchor" href="#webpack-dev-server" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;webpack-dev-server&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>类似node.js中的nodemon</p></li><li><p>修改源代码后webpack会自动进行项目打包和构建</p></li><li><p><code>npm install webpack-dev-server@version -D</code></p></li><li><p>修改package.json的script</p><ul><li><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;webpack serve&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;webpack serve&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="html-webpack-plugin" tabindex="-1">html-webpack-plugin <a class="header-anchor" href="#html-webpack-plugin" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;html-webpack-plugin&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>可以定制index.html内容</p></li><li><p><code>npm install html-webpack-plugin@version -D</code></p></li><li><p>配置webpack.config.js</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HtmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;html-webpack-plugin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">htmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HtmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  template: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./src/index.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//源文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  filename: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./index.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//生成的问题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  mode: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;development&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  plugins: [htmlPlugin]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HtmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;html-webpack-plugin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">htmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HtmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  template: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./src/index.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//源文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  filename: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./index.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//生成的问题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  mode: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;development&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  plugins: [htmlPlugin]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="clean-webpack-plugin" tabindex="-1">clean-webpack-plugin <a class="header-anchor" href="#clean-webpack-plugin" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;clean-webpack-plugin&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>每次打包发布自动清理dist目录的旧文件</p></li><li><p><code>npm i clean-webpack-plugin@version -D</code></p></li><li><p>配置</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CleanWebpackPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;clean-webpack-plugin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cleanPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CleanWebpackPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">plugins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [htmlPlugin, cleanPlugin]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CleanWebpackPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;clean-webpack-plugin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cleanPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CleanWebpackPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">plugins</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [htmlPlugin, cleanPlugin]</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h3 id="devserver节点" tabindex="-1">devServer节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#devserver节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;devServer节点&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">devServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">host</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">127.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">devServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">host</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">127.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="loader" tabindex="-1">loader <a class="header-anchor" href="#loader" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;loader&quot;">​</a></h2><p>实际开发中，webpack只能打包处理.js模块，其他后缀的模块需要调用loader加载器才能正常打包</p><p>loader加载器作用：协助webpack打包处理特定的文件模块，比如：</p><ul><li><p>css-loader可以处理.css文件</p><ul><li><p><code>npm i style-loader@version css-loader@version -D</code></p></li><li><p>webpack.config.js的module-&gt;rules数组中添加loader规则</p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rules</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">css</span><span style="color:#F97583;">$</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, use: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;style-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;css-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//先执行css-loader,从后往前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rules</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">css</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">$</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, use: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;style-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;css-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//先执行css-loader,从后往前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>less-loader可以处理.less文件</p><ul><li><code>npm i less-loader@version -D</code></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rules</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">less</span><span style="color:#F97583;">$</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, use: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;style-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;css-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;less-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//先执行less-loader,从后往前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rules</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">less</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">$</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, use: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;style-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;css-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;less-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//先执行less-loader,从后往前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li></li></ul></li><li><p>babel-loader可以处理webpack无法处理的高级JS语法</p><ul><li><p><code>npm i babel-loader@version @babel/core@version @babel/plugin-proposal-decorators@version -D</code></p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rules</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">js</span><span style="color:#F97583;">$</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, use: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;babel-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, exclude:</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">node_modules</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rules</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">js</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">$</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, use: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;babel-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, exclude:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /node_modules/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>配置babel-loader</p><ul><li><p>在根目录下创建<code>babel.config.js</code>配置文件</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  plugins: [[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@babel@plugin-proposal-decorators&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], {legacy: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  plugins: [[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@babel@plugin-proposal-decorators&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], {legacy: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>url-loader可以处理样式表中与url路径相关的文件</p><ul><li><p><code>npm i url-loader@version file-loader@version -D</code></p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rules</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     test: /\\.jpg|png|gif$/,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     use: { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       loader: &#39;url-loader&#39;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       options: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         limit: 50000, //limit指定图片大小，单位byte，只有小于等于limit的图片才会被转为base64格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         outputPath: &#39;images&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">jpg</span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">png</span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">gif</span><span style="color:#F97583;">$</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, use: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;url-loader?limit=50000&amp;outputPath=images&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rules</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     test: /\\.jpg|png|gif$/,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     use: { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       loader: &#39;url-loader&#39;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       options: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         limit: 50000, //limit指定图片大小，单位byte，只有小于等于limit的图片才会被转为base64格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         outputPath: &#39;images&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">jpg</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;">png</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;">gif</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">$</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, use: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;url-loader?limit=50000&amp;outputPath=images&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="build打包发布" tabindex="-1">build打包发布 <a class="header-anchor" href="#build打包发布" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;build打包发布&quot;">​</a></h2><p>在package.json的script节点下新增build命令：</p><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;webpack serve&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;build&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;webpack --mode production&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;webpack serve&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;build&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;webpack --mode production&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="sourcemap" tabindex="-1">SourceMap <a class="header-anchor" href="#sourcemap" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SourceMap&quot;">​</a></h2><p>SourceMap是一个信息文件，里面存着位置信息。也就是说SourceMap文件中存储着压缩混淆后的代码所对应的转换前的位置。</p><p>出错的时候除错工具直接显示原始代码，而不是转换后的代码，方便后期调试。</p><ul><li><strong>开发环境</strong>在webpack.config.js中添加配置，保证运行时报错和源代码行数一致：</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  devtool: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;eval-source-map&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  devtool: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;eval-source-map&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><strong>生产环境</strong>省略devltool选项则最终生成文件不包含SourceMap，能够防止源码通过SourceMap暴露。如果只想定位报错具体行数，且不想暴露源码，可以将devtool设置为<code>nosources-source-map</code></li></ul><h2 id="其他" tabindex="-1">其他 <a class="header-anchor" href="#其他" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;其他&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>webpack.config.js配置目录别名</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">alias</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//@代表源码目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: path.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">join</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./src/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">alias</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//@代表源码目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: path.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">join</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./src/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,38),e=[o];function c(t,r,i,E,y,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{F as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_Webpack.md.c2dbe130.lean.js b/assets/frontend_base_Webpack.md.c2dbe130.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0440c261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_Webpack.md.c2dbe130.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"Webpack","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/Webpack.md","filePath":"frontend/base/Webpack.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/base/Webpack.md"},o=l("",38),e=[o];function c(t,r,i,E,y,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{F as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_jQuery.md.6fdecc20.js b/assets/frontend_base_jQuery.md.6fdecc20.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9856a0f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_jQuery.md.6fdecc20.js
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"jQuery","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/jQuery.md","filePath":"frontend/base/jQuery.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"frontend/base/jQuery.md"},e=l(`<h1 id="jquery" tabindex="-1">jQuery <a class="header-anchor" href="#jquery" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jQuery&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="顶级对象" tabindex="-1">顶级对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#顶级对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;顶级对象&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>$</code>是jQuery的别称，也是jQuery的顶级对象，相当于原生JavaScript肿的window，把元素用<code>$</code>包装成jQuery对象，就可以调用jQuery的方法。</p><h2 id="入口函数" tabindex="-1">入口函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#入口函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;入口函数&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(document).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ready</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(document).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ready</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="dom对象和jquery对象" tabindex="-1">DOM对象和jQuery对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dom对象和jquery对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DOM对象和jQuery对象&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>用原生JS获取的对象是DOM对象</li><li>jQuery方法获取的元素是jQuery对象，本质是<code>$</code>对DOM对象包装后产生的对象（伪数组形式存储）</li><li>DOM和jQuery对象互相转换 <ul><li>DOM对象转jQuery对象：<code>$(dom对象)</code></li><li>jQuery对象转DOM对象 <ul><li><code>$(&#39;div&#39;)[index]</code></li><li><code>$(&#39;div&#39;).get(index)</code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="jquery常用api" tabindex="-1">jQuery常用API <a class="header-anchor" href="#jquery常用api" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jQuery常用API&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="选择器" tabindex="-1">选择器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#选择器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;选择器&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>$(&quot;选择器&quot;)</code></li><li>筛选选择器 <ul><li><code>$(&#39;li:first&#39;)</code></li><li><code>$(&#39;li:last&#39;)</code></li><li><code>$(&#39;li:eq(2)&#39;)</code>：索引号等于2</li><li><code>$(&#39;li:odd&#39;)</code>:索引号为奇数</li><li><code>$(&#39;li:even&#39;)</code>：索引号为偶数</li></ul></li><li>筛选方法 <ul><li>parent()</li><li>children(selector)</li><li>find(selector)</li><li>siblings(selector):查找兄弟节点 不包括本身</li><li>nextAll([expr])：查找当前元素之后所有同辈元素</li><li>prevtAll([expr])：查找当前之前所有同辈元素</li><li>hasClass(class)</li><li>eq(index)</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>遍历DOM元素（伪数组形式存储）的过程叫隐式迭代：给匹配到的所有元素进行循环遍历，执行相应的方法，而不用手动进行循环调用</p><p>jQuery支持链式编程</p></blockquote><h3 id="样式操作" tabindex="-1">样式操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#样式操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;样式操作&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>操作样式：<code>jQuery对象.css(属性, 值)</code></li><li>参数可以是对象形式，设置多组样式:<code>jQuery对象.css({&quot;color&quot;: &quot;pink&quot;, &quot;font-size&quot;: &quot;15px&quot;})</code> (属性可以不用加引号)</li><li>获取样式属性值：<code>jQuery对象.css(属性)</code></li><li>设置类样式： <ul><li><code>jQuery对象.addClass(className)</code></li><li><code>jQuery对象.removeClass(className)</code></li><li><code>jQuery对象.toggleClass(className)</code></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="效果" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="显示隐藏" tabindex="-1">显示隐藏 <a class="header-anchor" href="#显示隐藏" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;显示隐藏&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>show([speed, [easing], [fn]]) <ul><li>参数都可以省略，无动画直接显示</li><li>speed：三种预设速度之一的字符串(slow/normal/fast)或表示动画时长的毫秒数值</li><li>easing：用来切换指定效果，默认<code>swing</code>，可用参数<code>linear</code></li><li>fn：回调函数，在动画完成时执行的函数，每个元素执行一次</li></ul></li><li>hide()</li><li>toggle()</li></ul><h4 id="滑动" tabindex="-1">滑动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#滑动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;滑动&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>slideDown()</li><li>slideUp()</li><li>slideToggle()</li></ul><blockquote><p>动画队列停止排队：stop()，必须写在动画的前面</p><p>jQuery对象.children(&quot;ul&quot;).stop().slideToggle()</p></blockquote><h4 id="淡入淡出" tabindex="-1">淡入淡出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#淡入淡出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;淡入淡出&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>fadeIn()</li><li>fadeOut()</li><li>fadeToggle()</li><li>fadeTo([[speed], opacity, [easing], [fn]]):修改透明度</li></ul><h4 id="自定义动画" tabindex="-1">自定义动画 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义动画" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义动画&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>animate(params, [speed], [easing],[fn])</li><li>params:想要更改的样式属性，以对象形式传递，必传。属性名可以不带引号，如果是复合属性需要采取驼峰命名</li></ul><h3 id="属性操作" tabindex="-1">属性操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#属性操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;属性操作&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>prop(属性名):获取元素固有属性</li><li>prop(属性名, 值)：设置元素固有属性</li><li>attr(属性名)：获取元素自定义属性</li><li>attr(属性名, 值)：设置元素自定义属性</li><li>data()：可以在指定元素上存取数据，并不会修改DOM元素结构，页面刷新，存放的数据会被移除，也可以获取h5自定义属性，不用data-开头</li></ul><h3 id="文本属性" tabindex="-1">文本属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文本属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文本属性&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>html()：相当于原生js中的innerHTML</li><li>text()：相当于原生js中的innerText</li><li>val()：相当于原生js的value</li></ul><h3 id="元素操作" tabindex="-1">元素操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素操作&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- jQuery对象.each(function(index, domElement) { } )：遍历匹配的每一个元素，index是索引号，domElement是DOM元素对象，不是jQuery对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- $.each(obj, function(index, domElement) { })：遍历指定对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- 创建元素：var li = $(&quot;&lt;li&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- 添加元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.append(li)：拼接到最后</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.prepend(li)：插入到最前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.before(li)：放到元素之后</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.after(li)：放到元素之前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- 删除元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.remove()：删除匹配的元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.empty()：删除匹配元素的子节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.html(&quot;&quot;)：等价于empty()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- jQuery对象.each(function(index, domElement) { } )：遍历匹配的每一个元素，index是索引号，domElement是DOM元素对象，不是jQuery对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- $.each(obj, function(index, domElement) { })：遍历指定对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- 创建元素：var li = $(&quot;&lt;li&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- 添加元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.append(li)：拼接到最后</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.prepend(li)：插入到最前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.before(li)：放到元素之后</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.after(li)：放到元素之前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- 删除元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.remove()：删除匹配的元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.empty()：删除匹配元素的子节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.html(&quot;&quot;)：等价于empty()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="尺寸、位置操作" tabindex="-1">尺寸、位置操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#尺寸、位置操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;尺寸、位置操作&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="尺寸" tabindex="-1">尺寸 <a class="header-anchor" href="#尺寸" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;尺寸&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>width()/height()：只包含宽高</li><li>innerWidth()/innerHeight()：+padding</li><li>outerWidth()/outerHeight()：+padding、border</li><li>outerWidth(true)/outerHeight(true)：+padding、border、margin</li></ul><h4 id="位置" tabindex="-1">位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;位置&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- offset()：设置或返回被选元素相对于文档(document)的偏移坐标，跟父级没有关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    - 有两个属性left、top</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    - 修改传递对象{top: 10, left: 30}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- position()：返回被选元素相对**带有定位父级**偏移坐标，如果父级都没有定位，以文档为准</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- scrollTop()/scrollLeft()：被卷去的头部/左侧</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    - 可以传递参数直接跳到指定位置</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- offset()：设置或返回被选元素相对于文档(document)的偏移坐标，跟父级没有关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    - 有两个属性left、top</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    - 修改传递对象{top: 10, left: 30}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- position()：返回被选元素相对**带有定位父级**偏移坐标，如果父级都没有定位，以文档为准</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- scrollTop()/scrollLeft()：被卷去的头部/左侧</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    - 可以传递参数直接跳到指定位置</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="jquery事件" tabindex="-1">jQuery事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jquery事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jQuery事件&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="事件注册" tabindex="-1">事件注册 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件注册" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件注册&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>element.事件(function(){})</code></li></ul><h4 id="事件处理" tabindex="-1">事件处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件处理&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="on" tabindex="-1">on <a class="header-anchor" href="#on" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;on&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>element.on(events, [selector], fn)</code><ul><li>events：一个或多个用空格分隔的事件类型，如click、keydown</li><li>selector：元素的子元素选择器</li><li>fn：回调函数，即绑定在元素身上的侦听函数</li></ul></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mouseenter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">css</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;background&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;skyblue&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">click</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">css</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;background&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;red&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mouseenter mouseleave&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toggleClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;current&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mouseenter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">css</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;background&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;skyblue&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">click</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">css</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;background&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;red&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mouseenter mouseleave&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toggleClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;current&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="事件委托" tabindex="-1">事件委托 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件委托" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件委托&quot;">​</a></h5><p>事件绑定在父元素上</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ul&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;click&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;li&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ul&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;click&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;li&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="on可以给未来元素绑定事件" tabindex="-1">on可以给未来元素绑定事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#on可以给未来元素绑定事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;on可以给未来元素绑定事件&quot;">​</a></h5><h5 id="事件解绑off" tabindex="-1">事件解绑off <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件解绑off" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件解绑off&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>element.off()</code>解绑所有</li><li><code>element.off(事件1，事件2...)</code>解绑指定</li></ul><h6 id="只触发一次的事件one" tabindex="-1">只触发一次的事件one <a class="header-anchor" href="#只触发一次的事件one" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;只触发一次的事件one&quot;">​</a></h6><p><code>element.one(事件,fn)</code></p><h5 id="自动触发" tabindex="-1">自动触发 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自动触发" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自动触发&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>element.事件()</li><li>element.trigger(事件)</li><li>element.triggerHandler(事件)：不会触发元素的默认行为</li></ul><h4 id="事件对象" tabindex="-1">事件对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p>事件被触发，就会有事件对象的产生</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">element.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(events, [selector], </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(event)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">preventDefault</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止默认行为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止默认行为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stopPropagation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止冒泡</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">element.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(events, [selector], </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(event)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">preventDefault</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止默认行为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止默认行为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stopPropagation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止冒泡</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="其他方法" tabindex="-1">其他方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#其他方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;其他方法&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="拷贝对象" tabindex="-1">拷贝对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#拷贝对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;拷贝对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>$.extend([deep], target, object1, [objectN])</code></p><ul><li><p>deep:true-深拷贝，默认false-浅拷贝</p></li><li><p>target：目标对象</p></li><li><p>object：源对象</p></li><li><p>objectN：第N个源对象，会覆盖前面的相同属性</p></li></ul><h4 id="多库共存" tabindex="-1">多库共存 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多库共存" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多库共存&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>$</code>统一改为<code>jQuery</code></li><li>新的名称<code>$.noConflict()</code>/<code>jQuery.noConflict()</code></li></ul><h4 id="jquery插件" tabindex="-1">jQuery插件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jquery插件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jQuery插件&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>瀑布流</li><li>图片懒加载</li><li>全屏滚动:fullpage.js</li><li>Bootstrap组件、插件</li></ul><h2 id="jquery请求" tabindex="-1">jQuery请求 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jquery请求" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jQuery请求&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><code>$.get(url, [data], [callback])</code></p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      $.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx.com/api/getXxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a=b&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      $.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx.com/api/getXxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a=b&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><code>$.post(url, [data], [callback])</code></p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      $.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx.com/api/getXxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      $.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx.com/api/getXxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><code>$.ajax()</code></p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ajax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  type: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  url: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  data: {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">success</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">$.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ajax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  type: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  url: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  data: {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">success</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul>`,64),p=[e];function t(c,r,i,y,E,d){return a(),n("div",null,p)}const F=s(o,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_base_jQuery.md.6fdecc20.lean.js b/assets/frontend_base_jQuery.md.6fdecc20.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..400cb0cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_base_jQuery.md.6fdecc20.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"jQuery","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/base/jQuery.md","filePath":"frontend/base/jQuery.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"frontend/base/jQuery.md"},e=l("",64),p=[e];function t(c,r,i,y,E,d){return a(),n("div",null,p)}const F=s(o,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_framework_Vue.md.6fa88c7d.js b/assets/frontend_framework_Vue.md.6fa88c7d.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be946eefc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_framework_Vue.md.6fa88c7d.js
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+import{_ as o,o as e,c as t,k as s,a,t as l,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const k=JSON.parse('{"title":"Vue","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/framework/Vue.md","filePath":"frontend/framework/Vue.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),c={name:"frontend/framework/Vue.md"},r=p(`<h1 id="vue" tabindex="-1">Vue <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Vue&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>Vue (读音 /vjuː/，类似于 <strong>view</strong>) 是一套用于构建用户界面的<strong>渐进式框架</strong>。</p></blockquote><h2 id="特性" tabindex="-1">特性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#特性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;特性&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>数据驱动视图：在数据变化时页面会重新渲染</li><li>双向数据绑定：DOM元素中的数据和Vue实例中的data保持一致，无论谁被改变，另一方都会更新为相同的数据</li></ul><h3 id="mvvm" tabindex="-1">MVVM <a class="header-anchor" href="#mvvm" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MVVM&quot;">​</a></h3><p>MVVM是Vue实现数据驱动视图和双向数据绑定的原理。MVVM指的是Model、View和ViewModel。</p><ul><li>Model：当前页面渲染时依赖的数据源</li><li>View：当前页面渲染的DOM结构</li><li>ViewModel：Vue的实例，MVVM的核心</li></ul><p>ViewModel把Model和View连接在一起，同时监听DOM变化和数据源的变化。</p><h2 id="起步" tabindex="-1">起步 <a class="header-anchor" href="#起步" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;起步&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">doctype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;viewport&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ie=edge&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;Document&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;app&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {{ msg }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">src</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2/dist/vue.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">vm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        el: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            msg: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#22863A;">doctype</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;viewport&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ie=edge&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;Document&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;app&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {{ msg }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">src</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2/dist/vue.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">vm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        el: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            msg: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="指令和过滤器" tabindex="-1">指令和过滤器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指令和过滤器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指令和过滤器&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="内容渲染" tabindex="-1">内容渲染 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内容渲染" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内容渲染&quot;">​</a></h3>`,12),E=s("li",null,[a("v-test "),s("ul",null,[s("li",null,[s("code",null,"<p v-test=username></p>"),a("：把username值渲染到p标签中")]),s("li",null,[s("code",null,"<p v-test=gender>性别</p>"),a(":把gender值渲染到p标签中，原有的值会被覆盖")])])],-1),y=s("li",null,"插值表达式(Mustache),专门用来解决v-text会覆盖默认文本内容的问题，不能用在属性上",-1),i=s("li",null,"支持javascript表达式",-1),d=s("li",null,[a("v-html "),s("ul",null,[s("li",null,"把包含HTML标签的字符串渲染为页面的HTML元素")])],-1),u=p(`<h3 id="属性绑定" tabindex="-1">属性绑定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#属性绑定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;属性绑定&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>v-bind：单向绑定 <ul><li><code>v-bind:属性名</code></li><li>简写为<code>:属性名</code></li><li>支持javascript表达式</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="事件绑定" tabindex="-1">事件绑定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件绑定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件绑定&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="v-on" tabindex="-1">v-on <a class="header-anchor" href="#v-on" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;v-on&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p><code>v-on:事件名=&quot;函数(param)&quot;</code>：v-on:click=&quot;add&quot;</p></li><li><p>简写为：<code>@</code>,例如<code>@click=&quot;add&quot;</code></p></li><li><p>函数定义在vue实例的methods中</p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">methods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">param</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ES6写法： </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">methods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(param) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">methods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">param</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ES6写法： </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">methods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(param) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>不传参数默认参数列表有事件对象e,如果传参可以用<code>$event</code>传递事件对象</p></li><li><p>事件修饰符</p><ul><li><code>@click.prevent=show()</code>：绑定事件并阻止默认行为</li><li>stop：阻止事件冒泡</li><li>capture：以捕获模式触发当前事件处理函数</li><li>once：绑定事件只触发一次</li><li>self：只有在even.target时当前元素自身时触发事件处理函数</li></ul></li><li><p>按键修饰符</p><ul><li>判断详细的案件 <ul><li>@keyup.enter=submit</li><li>esc</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="双向绑定" tabindex="-1">双向绑定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#双向绑定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;双向绑定&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>v-model：不操作DOM情况下，快速获取表单数据</li><li>修饰符 <ul><li>.nubmer：自动将输入转为数值</li><li>.trim：自动过滤输入的首尾空白字符</li><li>.lazy：在change时更新，input时不更新</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="条件渲染" tabindex="-1">条件渲染 <a class="header-anchor" href="#条件渲染" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;条件渲染&quot;">​</a></h3><p>控制DOM的显示与隐藏</p><ul><li>v-if <ul><li>通过添加、移除元素实现</li><li>如果刚进入页面不需要被展示，而且后期可能也不需要展示此时v-if性能更好</li><li>配套指令：v-else、v-else-if</li></ul></li><li>v-show <ul><li>display控制元素显示、隐藏</li><li>如果频繁切换显示状态用v-show更好</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="列表渲染" tabindex="-1">列表渲染 <a class="header-anchor" href="#列表渲染" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;列表渲染&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="v-for渲染数组" tabindex="-1">v-for渲染数组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#v-for渲染数组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;v-for渲染数组&quot;">​</a></h4><p>基于一个数组来循环渲染一个列表结构。v-for指令需要用item in items形式的特殊语法</p><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;item in items&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;姓名是： {{ item.name }}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;(item,index) in items&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;姓名是： {{ item.name }}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;item in items&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;姓名是： {{ item.name }}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;(item,index) in items&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;姓名是： {{ item.name }}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>items：待循环数组</li><li>item：被循环的每一项</li><li>index：索引号，从0开始</li></ul><p>建议用到v-for指令，要绑定一个<code>:key</code>属性，而且尽量把id作为key</p><ul><li>key的值要是字符串/数字类型</li><li>index作为key没有任何意义，因为index没有唯一性（和数据没有绑定关系）</li><li>指定key可以提升性能、防止列表状态紊乱</li></ul><h4 id="v-for渲染对象" tabindex="-1">v-for渲染对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#v-for渲染对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;v-for渲染对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p>完整语法</p><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;(value, key, index) in myObject&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ value }} {{ kye }} {{ index }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;(value, key, index) in myObject&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ value }} {{ kye }} {{ index }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="过滤器-vue3已移除" tabindex="-1">过滤器（vue3已移除） <a class="header-anchor" href="#过滤器-vue3已移除" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;过滤器（vue3已移除）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>常用于文本格式化，过滤器可以用在两个地方：插值表达式和v-bind属性绑定，过滤器本质是函数，被定义在vue实例的filters节点下</p>`,22),h=s("li",null,[s("code",null,'<div v-bind:id="rawId | formatId"></div'),a("：调用formatId过滤器，对rawId进行格式化")],-1),F=p(`<div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">filters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">capitalize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(val) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> val.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toUppercase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> var.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">capitalize</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(val) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> val.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toUppercase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> var.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="私有过滤器和全局过滤器" tabindex="-1">私有过滤器和全局过滤器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#私有过滤器和全局过滤器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;私有过滤器和全局过滤器&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>私有过滤器：定义在vue实例的filters节点下</li><li>全局过滤器：使用Vue.filter(filter, (str) =&gt; {return xxx})定义</li></ul><h4 id="连续调用-传参" tabindex="-1">连续调用&amp;传参 <a class="header-anchor" href="#连续调用-传参" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;连续调用&amp;传参&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ msg </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> filterA </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filterB</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg1, arg2)}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ msg </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> filterA </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filterB</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg1, arg2)}}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="侦听器" tabindex="-1">侦听器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侦听器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侦听器&quot;">​</a></h2><p>watch侦听器语序开发者监视数据的变化，从而针对数据的变化做特定的操作。</p><h3 id="侦听器格式" tabindex="-1">侦听器格式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侦听器格式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侦听器格式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>watch定义在vue实例的watch节点下</p><ul><li><p>方法格式的侦听器</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">watch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal, oldVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal, oldVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">watch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal, oldVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal, oldVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>缺点</p><ul><li>无法在刚进入页面时自动触发</li><li>如果侦听的是一个对象，对象属性发生变化不会触发侦听器</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>对象格式的侦听器</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">watch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal, oldVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal, oldVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">immediate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">deep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;info.age&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">watch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal, oldVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal, oldVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">immediate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">deep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;info.age&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>可以通过<strong>immediate</strong>选项让侦听器立即触发</p></li><li><p>可以通过<code>deep</code>选项开启深度监听，可以监听到对象的任何一个属性变化</p></li><li><p>如果要侦听的是对象的子属性变化，则必须包裹一层单引号</p></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="计算属性" tabindex="-1">计算属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#计算属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;计算属性&quot;">​</a></h2><p>通过运算得到的属性值，可以被模版结构或methods方法使用。</p><p>计算属性放在vue实例的<code>computed</code>节点中</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> vm </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  el: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, g: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  computed: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算属性rgb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rgb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`rgb(\${</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}, \${</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">g</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}, \${</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">})\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算属性 allChecked</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    allChecked: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">every</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item.goods_state)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">newVal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item.goods_state </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rgb) }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> vm </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  el: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, g: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  computed: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算属性rgb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rgb</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`rgb(\${</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}, \${</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">g</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}, \${</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span><span style="color:#032F62;">})\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算属性 allChecked</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    allChecked: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">every</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item.goods_state)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">newVal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item.goods_state </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rgb) }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">computed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allChecked</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">every</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item.goods_state)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item.goods_state </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">computed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allChecked</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">every</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item.goods_state)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item.goods_state </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="axios" tabindex="-1">axios <a class="header-anchor" href="#axios" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;axios&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p>axios一个专注于网络请求的库</p></blockquote><p>基本语法：</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">axios</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  method: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;请求类型&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// URL中的query参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  params: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// body参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  url: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;请求的URL地址&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//.then用来指定成功的回调，result是请求成功后的结果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">axios</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  method: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;请求类型&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// URL中的query参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  params: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// body参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  url: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;请求的URL地址&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//.then用来指定成功的回调，result是请求成功后的结果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><p>结合async和await使用axios</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果调用方法返回值是Promise实例，则可以在前面添加await，await只能用在被async“修饰”的方法中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解构赋值的时候使用：进行重命名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">axios</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    method: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;POST&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;111&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res.data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果调用方法返回值是Promise实例，则可以在前面添加await，await只能用在被async“修饰”的方法中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解构赋值的时候使用：进行重命名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">axios</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    method: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;POST&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;111&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res.data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>axios.get()</li><li>axios.post()</li><li>axios.delete()</li><li>axios.put()</li></ul><h3 id="vue工程中使用" tabindex="-1">vue工程中使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue工程中使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vue工程中使用&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> App </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./App.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> axios </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;axios&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.config.productionTip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 缺点：不利于api接口复用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 组件实例中直接用\`this.$http\`使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// axios.defaults.baseURL = &#39;请求根路径&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Vue.prototype.$http = axios</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">h</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">h</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(App)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$mount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(#app)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> App </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./App.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> axios </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;axios&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.config.productionTip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 缺点：不利于api接口复用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 组件实例中直接用\`this.$http\`使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// axios.defaults.baseURL = &#39;请求根路径&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Vue.prototype.$http = axios</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#E36209;">h</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">h</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(App)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$mount</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(#app)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="vue-cli" tabindex="-1">vue-cli <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue-cli" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vue-cli&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p>单页面应用程序（Single Page Application）简称SPA，指的是一个Web网站中只有唯一的一个HTML页面，所有的功能与交互都在这唯一的一个页面内完成。</p></blockquote><p>vue-cli是Vue.js开发的标准工具。简化了基于webpack创建工程化的Vue项目的过程。</p><h3 id="安装" tabindex="-1">安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>npm install -g @vue/cli</code></p><h3 id="创建项目" tabindex="-1">创建项目 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建项目" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建项目&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>vue create projectName</code></p><h2 id="vue组件" tabindex="-1">vue组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vue组件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="组件组成" tabindex="-1">组件组成 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件组成" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件组成&quot;">​</a></h3><p>组件后缀名是<code>.vue</code>，vue组件包括三个组成部分</p><h4 id="template" tabindex="-1">template <a class="header-anchor" href="#template" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;template&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--template是一个虚拟标签，只起到包裹作用，不会被渲染成任何实质性HTML--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--template中只能有一个根元素--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--template是一个虚拟标签，只起到包裹作用，不会被渲染成任何实质性HTML--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--template中只能有一个根元素--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="script" tabindex="-1">script <a class="header-anchor" href="#script" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;script&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &lt;keep-alive&gt;实现组件缓存功能，调整工具中看到的标签名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// data必须是一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      xx: xx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 组件中的this代表当前组件的实例对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.xx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> yy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  watch: {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  computed: {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &lt;keep-alive&gt;实现组件缓存功能，调整工具中看到的标签名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// data必须是一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      xx: xx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 组件中的this代表当前组件的实例对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.xx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> yy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  watch: {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  computed: {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="style" tabindex="-1">style <a class="header-anchor" href="#style" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;style&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;less&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 默认lang=&quot;css&quot; */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;less&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 默认lang=&quot;css&quot; */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="组件之间的父子关系" tabindex="-1">组件之间的父子关系 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件之间的父子关系" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件之间的父子关系&quot;">​</a></h3><p>组件被封装好后，彼此之间是相互独立的，不存在父子关系。</p><p>在<strong>使用组件</strong>时，根据彼此的嵌套关系，形成了父子关系，兄弟关系。</p><h3 id="组件使用步骤" tabindex="-1">组件使用步骤 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件使用步骤" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件使用步骤&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="注册私有子组件" tabindex="-1">注册私有子组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注册私有子组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注册私有子组件&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li>import语法导入需要的组件</li></ol><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> A </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/A.vu</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">e</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> A </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/A.vu</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">e</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li>使用components节点注册组件</li></ol><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	components: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		A </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注册名称主要用于 以标签形式把注册的组件 渲染和使用到页面结构之中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	components: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		A </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注册名称主要用于 以标签形式把注册的组件 渲染和使用到页面结构之中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="3"><li>以标签形式使用注册的组件</li></ol><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;box&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;A&gt;&lt;/A&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;box&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;A&gt;&lt;/A&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="注册全局组件" tabindex="-1">注册全局组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注册全局组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注册全局组件&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Test </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Test.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;MyTest&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Test)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Test </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Test.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;MyTest&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Test)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="组件的props" tabindex="-1">组件的props <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件的props" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件的props&quot;">​</a></h3><p>props是组件的<strong>自定义属性</strong>，在封装通用组件的时候，合理的使用props可以极大提高组件的复用性。</p><ul><li>props中的数据，可以直接在模板结构中使用</li><li>props是只读的</li></ul><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  props: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    initCount: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      default: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      type: Number, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//规定属性的值类型，如果传递的值不符合，则会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      required: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//必填项</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      count: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.initCount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  props: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    initCount: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      default: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      type: Number, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//规定属性的值类型，如果传递的值不符合，则会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      required: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//必填项</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      count: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.initCount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="组件之间样式冲突" tabindex="-1">组件之间样式冲突 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件之间样式冲突" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件之间样式冲突&quot;">​</a></h3><p>默认情况下，写在组件中的样式会全局生效，原因是：</p><ol><li>单页面应用程序中所有的DOM结构都是基于唯一的index.hmtl页面进行呈现的</li><li>每个组件中的样式都会影响整个index.html的DOM元素</li></ol><h4 id="解决方案" tabindex="-1">解决方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解决方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解决方案&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>使用自定义属性:DOM元素增加自定义属性<code>data-v-xxx</code>，使用属性选择器设置样式<code>div[data-v-xxx]</code></p></li><li><p><strong>style标签增加<code>scoped</code>属性</strong>,会自动为每个标签生成<code>data-v</code>属性</p></li></ul><h3 id="deep样式穿透" tabindex="-1">deep样式穿透 <a class="header-anchor" href="#deep样式穿透" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;deep样式穿透&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>/deep/ 选择器</code></p><p>当使用第三方组件库，如果有修改第三方组件库的默认样式需求，需要用到deep</p><h3 id="组件的生命周期" tabindex="-1">组件的生命周期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件的生命周期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件的生命周期&quot;">​</a></h3><p>生命周期是指一个组件从创建-&gt;运行-&gt;销毁的整个阶段。</p><h4 id="分类" tabindex="-1">分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分类&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>组件创建阶段 <ul><li>beforeCreate：组件的props/data/methods尚未被创建，都处于不可用状态</li><li>created：组件的props/data/methods被创建，都处于可用状态，但是组件的模板结构尚未生成</li><li>beforeMount：将要把内存中编译好的HTML结果渲染到浏览器中，此时浏览器中还没有当前组件的DOM结构</li><li>mounted：已经把内存中编译好的HTML结果渲染到浏览器中，此时浏览器已经包含当前组件DOM结构</li></ul></li><li>组件运行阶段 <ul><li>beforeUpdate：将要根据变化过后、最新的数据重新渲染组件的模版结构</li><li>updated：已经根据最新的数据，完成了组件DOM结构的重新渲染</li></ul></li><li>组件销毁阶段 <ul><li>beforeDestroy：将要销毁此组件但还未销毁，组件还处于正常工作状态</li><li>destroyed：组件已被销毁，此组件在浏览器中对应的DOM结构已被完全移除</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="组件数据共享" tabindex="-1">组件数据共享 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件数据共享" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件数据共享&quot;">​</a></h4><h4 id="父组件向子组件共享数据需要使用自定义属性" tabindex="-1">父组件向子组件共享数据需要使用自定义属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#父组件向子组件共享数据需要使用自定义属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;父组件向子组件共享数据需要使用自定义属性&quot;">​</a></h4><h4 id="子向父传值需要使用自定义事件" tabindex="-1">子向父传值需要使用自定义事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#子向父传值需要使用自定义事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;子向父传值需要使用自定义事件&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//子组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">methods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$emit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;numchange&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.count)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//子组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">methods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$emit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;numchange&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.count)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//父组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Son</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">@numchange=&quot;getNewCount&quot;&gt;&lt;/Son&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">methods:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getNewCount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(val) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		this.countFromSon </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> val</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//父组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Son</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">@numchange=&quot;getNewCount&quot;&gt;&lt;/Son&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">methods:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getNewCount</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(val) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		this.countFromSon </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> val</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="兄弟组件之间数据共享需要使用eventbus" tabindex="-1">兄弟组件之间数据共享需要使用EventBus <a class="header-anchor" href="#兄弟组件之间数据共享需要使用eventbus" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;兄弟组件之间数据共享需要使用EventBus&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//A组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bus </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./eventBus.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">methods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sendMsg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		bus.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$emit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;share&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.msg)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//eventBus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//兄弟组件B</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bus </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./eventBus.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">created</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bus.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;share&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">val</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.msgFromSibling </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> val</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//A组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bus </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./eventBus.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">methods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sendMsg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		bus.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$emit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;share&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.msg)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//eventBus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//兄弟组件B</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bus </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./eventBus.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">created</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bus.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;share&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">val</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.msgFromSibling </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> val</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="ref引用" tabindex="-1">ref引用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#ref引用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ref引用&quot;">​</a></h3><p>ref用来辅助开发者在不依赖jQuery的情况下，获取DOM元素或组件的引用</p><p>每个vue组件的实例上，都包含一个<code>$refs</code>对象，里面存储着对应的DOM元素或组件的引用，默认情况下组件的<code>$refs</code>指向一个空对象</p><h4 id="使用ref引用页面上的dom元素" tabindex="-1">使用ref引用页面上的DOM元素 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用ref引用页面上的dom元素" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用ref引用页面上的DOM元素&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;myDiv&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">// methods中访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">this.$refs.myDiv</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;myDiv&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">// methods中访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">this.$refs.myDiv</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="使用ref引用组件" tabindex="-1">使用ref引用组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用ref引用组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用ref引用组件&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">Son</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;compSon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">Son</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">// methods中访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">this.$refs.compSon.方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">this.$refs.compSon.属性</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">Son</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;compSon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">Son</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">// methods中访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">this.$refs.compSon.方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">this.$refs.compSon.属性</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="nexttick-callback" tabindex="-1">$nextTick(callback) <a class="header-anchor" href="#nexttick-callback" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;$nextTick(callback)&quot;">​</a></h4><p>组件的$nextTick(callback)方法，会把callback函数会推迟到下一个DOM更新之后执行。</p><h2 id="动态组件" tabindex="-1">动态组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#动态组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;动态组件&quot;">​</a></h2><p>动态组件指的是动态切换组件的显示与隐藏。</p><h3 id="component标签的is属性" tabindex="-1"><strong>component标签</strong>的<code>is</code>属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#component标签的is属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;**component标签**的\`is\`属性&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Left </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Left.vue&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Right </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Right.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      componentName: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Left&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  components: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Left,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Right</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:is</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Left </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Left.vue&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Right </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Right.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      componentName: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Left&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  components: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Left,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Right</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="keep-alive" tabindex="-1">keep-alive <a class="header-anchor" href="#keep-alive" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;keep-alive&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>keep-alive</code>标签能把内部的组件进行缓存，而不是销毁组件</p><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:is</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="对应的生命周期函数" tabindex="-1">对应的生命周期函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对应的生命周期函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对应的生命周期函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>被缓存：deactivated生命周期函数</li><li>被激活：activated生命周期函数，当组件第一次被创建也会执行</li></ul><h4 id="include-exclude属性" tabindex="-1">include/exclude属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#include-exclude属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;include/exclude属性&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>include可以指定哪些组件被缓存，只有名称匹配的组件会被缓存，多个用<code>,</code>分隔</p></li><li><p>exclude相反</p></li><li><p>两个属性不能同时使用</p></li></ul><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">include</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Left&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">include</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Left&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:is</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="插槽" tabindex="-1">插槽 <a class="header-anchor" href="#插槽" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;插槽&quot;">​</a></h2><p>插槽（Slot）是vue为组件的封装者提供的能力。允许开发者在封装组件时，把不确定的、希望由用户指定的部份定义为插槽。</p><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--Left.vue--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;default&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    这里可以指定默认内容，会被覆盖</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--Left.vue--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;default&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    这里可以指定默认内容，会被覆盖</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>渲染Left组件时</p><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--此区域必须在组件中声明插槽才会渲染--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--默认情况下 会被填充到名为default的插槽内--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> #</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--此区域必须在组件中声明插槽才会渲染--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--默认情况下 会被填充到名为default的插槽内--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> #</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="slot" tabindex="-1">slot <a class="header-anchor" href="#slot" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;slot&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>声明一个插槽区域</p></li><li><p>每个插槽都要有一个name属性，如果省略，则使用默认名称default</p></li><li><p>作用域插槽：封装组件时，为预留的slot提供属性对应的值</p><ul><li><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">定义：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">msg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">-- </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">使用：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;scope&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {{ scope.msg }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">定义：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">msg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">-- </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">使用：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;scope&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {{ scope.msg }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>作用域插槽解构赋值</p><ul><li><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">msg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;{msg, user}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {{msg}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {{user}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">msg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:user</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;{msg, user}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {{msg}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {{user}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="v-slot" tabindex="-1">v-slot <a class="header-anchor" href="#v-slot" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;v-slot&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>只能用在template标签上</li><li>使用具名插槽简写形式<code>#default</code></li></ul><h2 id="自定义指令" tabindex="-1">自定义指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义指令&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="私有自定义指令" tabindex="-1">私有自定义指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#私有自定义指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;私有自定义指令&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在每个vue组件中，可以在directives节点下声明私有自定义指令</p><h4 id="bind函数" tabindex="-1">bind函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#bind函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;bind函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>当指令第一次被绑定到元素上的时候，会立刻触发bind函数，且只会触发一次</p></li><li><p>形参el:绑定了此指令的原生的DOM对象</p></li><li><p>形参binding：传递过来的参数是binding中的value</p></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">directives</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">bind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">directives</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bind</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="update函数" tabindex="-1">update函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#update函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;update函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>第一次不会触发</p></li><li><p>在DOM更新的时候就会触发update函数</p></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">directives</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">update</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">directives</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">update</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="函数简写" tabindex="-1">函数简写 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数简写" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数简写&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如果bind和update函数的逻辑完全相同，则对象格式的自定义指令可以简写为</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">directives</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">directives</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="全局自定义指令" tabindex="-1">全局自定义指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全局自定义指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全局自定义指令&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>Vue.directive</code>声明</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">directive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">binding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">directive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">binding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">binding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">update</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">binding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">directive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">binding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">directive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">binding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">binding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">update</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">binding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="路由-router" tabindex="-1">路由（Router） <a class="header-anchor" href="#路由-router" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;路由（Router）&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="模式" tabindex="-1">模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>hash模式</p></li><li><p>history模式</p><ul><li><p>publicPath/baseUrl</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//vue.config.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  publicPath: p<wbr>rocess.env.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NODE_ENV</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;production&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/production-sub-path/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//vue.config.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  publicPath: p<wbr>rocess.env.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NODE_ENV</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;production&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/production-sub-path/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>createWebHistory(<code>base?</code>)</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="工作方式" tabindex="-1">工作方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#工作方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;工作方式&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>用户点击路由链接</li><li>导致了URL地址栏中Hash值发生变化</li><li>前端路由监听到了Hash地址变化</li><li>前端路由把当前Hash地址对应的组件渲染到浏览器中</li></ol><h3 id="vue-router" tabindex="-1">vue-router <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue-router" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vue-router&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="安装-1" tabindex="-1">安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>npm i vue-router@version</code></p><h4 id="创建路由模块" tabindex="-1">创建路由模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建路由模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建路由模块&quot;">​</a></h4><p>在src目录下，新建<code>router/index.js</code>模块</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">router</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> router</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">router</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> router</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="导入并挂载路由模块" tabindex="-1">导入并挂载路由模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导入并挂载路由模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导入并挂载路由模块&quot;">​</a></h4><p>main.js中挂载路由模块</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//import router from &#39;@/router/index.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//简写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import router </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">h</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">h</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(App),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//router: router</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//属性名 属性值一致 可以简写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  router</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//import router from &#39;@/router/index.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//简写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import router </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#E36209;">h</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">h</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(App),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//router: router</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//属性名 属性值一致 可以简写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  router</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="声明路由链接和占位符" tabindex="-1">声明路由链接和占位符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明路由链接和占位符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明路由链接和占位符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>路由链接：<code>router-link</code></li><li>占位符<code>router-view</code>，组件在这里展示</li></ul><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;container&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/home&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;首页&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/movie&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;电影&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/about&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;关于&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    可以用router-link标签代替普通a标签，可以省略#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/home&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;首页&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/movie&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;电影&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/about&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;关于&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-view</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-view</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;container&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/home&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;首页&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/movie&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;电影&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/about&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;关于&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    可以用router-link标签代替普通a标签，可以省略#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/home&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;首页&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/movie&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;电影&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/about&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;关于&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-view</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-view</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>修改<code>router/index.js</code></p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Home </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Home.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Movie </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Movie.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> About </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/About.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">router</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// routes是一个数组：定义hash地址和组件之间的对应关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  routes: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路由规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, redirect: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Home },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/movie&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Movie },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/about&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: About }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> router</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Home </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Home.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Movie </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Movie.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> About </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/About.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">router</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// routes是一个数组：定义hash地址和组件之间的对应关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  routes: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路由规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, redirect: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Home },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/movie&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Movie },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/about&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: About }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> router</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="嵌套路由" tabindex="-1">嵌套路由 <a class="header-anchor" href="#嵌套路由" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;嵌套路由&quot;">​</a></h3><p>通过路由实现组件的嵌套展示，叫做嵌套路由</p><ul><li>模板内容中又有子级路由链接</li><li>点击子级路由链接显示子级模板内容</li></ul><h4 id="通过children属性声明子路由规则" tabindex="-1">通过children属性声明子路由规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过children属性声明子路由规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过children属性声明子路由规则&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Home </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Home.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Movie </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Movie.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> About </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/About.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Tab1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/tabs/Tab1.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Tab2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/tabs/Tab2.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">router</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// routes是一个数组：定义hash地址和组件之间的对应关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  routes: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路由规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, redirect: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Home },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/movie&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Movie },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/about&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      component: About,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      children: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tab1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Tab1 },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tab2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Tab2 }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> router</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Home </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Home.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Movie </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Movie.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> About </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/About.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Tab1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/tabs/Tab1.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Tab2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/tabs/Tab2.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">router</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// routes是一个数组：定义hash地址和组件之间的对应关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  routes: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路由规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, redirect: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Home },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/movie&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Movie },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/about&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      component: About,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      children: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tab1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Tab1 },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tab2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Tab2 }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> router</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">routes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    component: Home,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    meta: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      keepAlive: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      isRecord: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      top: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/user&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    component: User</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">router</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  routes,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrollBehavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">savedPosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (savedPosition) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> savedPosition</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      x: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      y: to.meta.top </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">routes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    component: Home,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    meta: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      keepAlive: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      isRecord: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      top: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/user&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    component: User</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">router</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  routes,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrollBehavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">savedPosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (savedPosition) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> savedPosition</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      x: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      y: to.meta.top </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="动态路由匹配" tabindex="-1">动态路由匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#动态路由匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;动态路由匹配&quot;">​</a></h3><p>把Hash地址中可变的部分定义为参数项，可以提高路由规则的复用性。</p><p>使用<code>:</code>来定义路由的参数项</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{ </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/movie/:id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Movie, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">props</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{ </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/movie/:id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Movie, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">props</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>组件中可以通过<code>$route.params.id</code>获取路径参数（Path Variable）</li></ul><blockquote><p><code>$route.params.query</code>获取查询参数</p><p><code>$route.params.fullPath</code>：包含路径和参数</p><p><code>$route.params.path</code>：只有路径没有参数</p></blockquote><ul><li>可以在路由规则中添加<code>props</code>传餐，在组件中定义props直接获取</li></ul><h3 id="导航" tabindex="-1">导航 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导航" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导航&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="声明式导航" tabindex="-1">声明式导航 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明式导航" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明式导航&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>a标签</li><li>route-link标签</li></ul><h4 id="编程式导航" tabindex="-1">编程式导航 <a class="header-anchor" href="#编程式导航" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编程式导航&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>location.href跳转</li><li>vue-router的编程式导航api <ul><li><code>this.$router.push(&#39;hash地址&#39;)</code>：跳转到hash地址，增加一条历史记录</li><li><code>this.$router.replace(&#39;hash地址&#39;)</code>：跳转到hash地址，并替换掉当前的历史记录</li><li><code>this.$router.go(数值n)</code>：可以在浏览历史中前进或后退 <ul><li><code>this.$router.back()</code></li><li><code>this.$router.forward()</code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="导航守卫" tabindex="-1">导航守卫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导航守卫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导航守卫&quot;">​</a></h3><p>可以控制路由的访问权限</p><h4 id="全局前置守卫" tabindex="-1">全局前置守卫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全局前置守卫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全局前置守卫&quot;">​</a></h4><p>每次发生路由导航跳转时，都会触发前置守卫，在前置守卫中，可以对每个路由进行访问权限控制。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">router</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 每次路由跳转都会触发回调函数                              </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">router.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">beforeEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// to:将要访问的路由信息对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// from:将要离开的路由信息对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// next:一个函数，调用next()表示放行，允许这次路由导航</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">router</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 每次路由跳转都会触发回调函数                              </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">router.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">beforeEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// to:将要访问的路由信息对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// from:将要离开的路由信息对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// next:一个函数，调用next()表示放行，允许这次路由导航</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="next的三种调用方式" tabindex="-1">next的三种调用方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#next的三种调用方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;next的三种调用方式&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>next()：直接放行</li><li>next(&#39;/path&#39;)：强制跳转到指定页面</li><li>next(false)：不允许跳转，强制保留在当前页面</li></ul><h2 id="vue3-0" tabindex="-1">Vue3.0 <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue3-0" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Vue3.0&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="创建项目-1" tabindex="-1">创建项目 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建项目-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建项目&quot;">​</a></h3><h3 id="vite" tabindex="-1">vite <a class="header-anchor" href="#vite" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vite&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用：<code>npm init vite-app projectName</code></p><h3 id="create-vue" tabindex="-1">create-vue <a class="header-anchor" href="#create-vue" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;create-vue&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>create-vue</code>创建的项目也是基于vite的构建设置</p><p>使用：<code>npm create vue@3</code> 或者<code>npm init vue@latest</code></p><p>crete-vue同样支持vue2：<code>npm create vue@2</code> / <code>npm init vue@2</code></p><blockquote><p>Vite和Webpack的区别（内容来自ChatGPT）：</p><p>Vite和Webpack是两种常用的前端构建工具。</p><ol><li>底层实现不同</li></ol><p>Vite使用ES modules（ESM）作为模块系统管理，而Webpack使用CommonJS来管理模块。这意味着，在使用Webpack打包项目时，所有模块都将被打包到一个或多个bundle.js文件中，而Vite将原始文件作为模块提取和处理，并将其以一种非常高效的方式提供给浏览器。</p><ol start="2"><li>开发环境下的性能</li></ol><p>Vite在开发环境下启动非常快，不需要等待代码打包时间，并且在修改代码时，也可以直接进行热更新，非常适合在开发阶段使用。而Webpack在开发模式下代码打包速度较慢，启动速度也相对较慢，修改代码后也需要较长的时间来重新打包。</p><ol start="3"><li>生产环境下的性能</li></ol><p>在生产环境下，Webpack可以通过代码分割（Code Splitting）和 Tree Shaking来优化代码，减小打包后的文件大小。而Vite在生产环境下目前还不支持代码分割。因此，如果项目需要大量使用Code Splitting和Tree Shaking等技术，使用Webpack可能会更加合适。</p><ol start="4"><li>生态和可定制性</li></ol><p>Webpack具有强大的社区和众多的插件和Loader来处理各种文件和场景，可以根据不同的需求进行高度的定制。而Vite的生态和可定制性方面要弱于Webpack，它的插件数量还比较少。</p><p>总的来说，Vite是一种专门为现代浏览器设计的前端构建工具，它在开发环境下性能卓越，但在生产环境方面还有一些局限。而Webpack则是一种更加稳健和灵活的构建工具，它可以用于各种复杂的场景和需求，并且有着更强大的生态和定制能力，但需要进行更多的配置。选择使用哪种工具，应该根据具体项目需求和使用场景来进行选择。</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>create-vue和vue-cli的区别：</p><ul><li>vue-cli基于webpack，而create-vue基于vite</li></ul></blockquote><h3 id="构建一个vue实例" tabindex="-1">构建一个vue实例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构建一个vue实例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构建一个vue实例&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { createApp } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">createApp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      count: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { createApp } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createApp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      count: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mount</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="feature" tabindex="-1">feature <a class="header-anchor" href="#feature" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;feature&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>vue3的模板中可以有多个根节点</p></li><li><p>api类型不同，vue2使用选项式api，vue3使用组合式api</p></li><li><p>定义变量和方法方式不同：vue2定义在data和methods节点中，vue3使用setup()方法，此方法在组件初始化构造的时候触发</p><ul><li><p>从vue引入reactive</p></li><li><p>使用<code>reactive()</code>方法声明数据为响应式数据<code>const state = reactive({ count: 0 })</code></p></li><li><p><code>&lt;script setup&gt;</code>：顶层的导入和变量声明可在同一组件的模板中直接使用。可以理解为模板中的表达式和 <code>script setup</code>中的代码处在同一个作用域中。</p></li><li><p>使用<code>ref()</code>定义响应式变量,<code>ref()</code> 将传入参数的值包装为一个带 <code>.value</code> 属性的 ref 对象：</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { ref } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { ref } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>和响应式对象的属性类似，ref 的 <code>.value</code> 属性也是响应式的。同时，当值为对象类型时，会用 <code>reactive()</code> 自动转换它的 <code>.value</code>。</p><p>一个包含对象类型值的 ref 可以响应式地替换整个对象：</p><p>js</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">const objectRef = ref({ count: 0 })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">// 这是响应式的替换</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">objectRef.value = { count: 1 }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">const objectRef = ref({ count: 0 })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">// 这是响应式的替换</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">objectRef.value = { count: 1 }</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><blockquote><p>响应式</p><p><a href="https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/essentials/reactivity-fundamentals.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/essentials/reactivity-fundamentals.html</a></p></blockquote></li><li><p>类和样式绑定</p></li><li><p>生命周期变化</p></li></ul><h3 id="响应式对象" tabindex="-1">响应式对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#响应式对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;响应式对象&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>ref()</p><ul><li><p>标注类型</p><ul><li><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { Ref } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { Ref } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>当 ref 在模板中作为顶层属性被访问时，它们会被自动“解包”，所以不需要使用 <code>.value</code></strong>。</p></li><li><p>当一个 <code>ref</code> 被嵌套在一个深层响应式对象中，作为属性被访问或更改时，它会自动解包</p></li></ul></li></ul>`,181);function g(n,m,v,b,C,A){return e(),t("div",null,[r,s("ul",null,[E,s("li",null,[a(l()+" ",1),s("ul",null,[y,s("li",null,[s("code",null,"<p>性别 "+l(n.gender)+"</p>",1)]),i])]),d]),u,s("ul",null,[s("li",null,[s("code",null,"<p> "+l(n.message|n.capitalize)+"</p>",1),a("：调用captitalize过滤器，对message进行格式化")]),h]),F])}const f=o(c,[["render",g]]);export{k as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_framework_Vue.md.6fa88c7d.lean.js b/assets/frontend_framework_Vue.md.6fa88c7d.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0b280d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_framework_Vue.md.6fa88c7d.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as o,o as e,c as t,k as s,a,t as l,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const k=JSON.parse('{"title":"Vue","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/framework/Vue.md","filePath":"frontend/framework/Vue.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),c={name:"frontend/framework/Vue.md"},r=p("",12),E=s("li",null,[a("v-test "),s("ul",null,[s("li",null,[s("code",null,"<p v-test=username></p>"),a("：把username值渲染到p标签中")]),s("li",null,[s("code",null,"<p v-test=gender>性别</p>"),a(":把gender值渲染到p标签中，原有的值会被覆盖")])])],-1),y=s("li",null,"插值表达式(Mustache),专门用来解决v-text会覆盖默认文本内容的问题，不能用在属性上",-1),i=s("li",null,"支持javascript表达式",-1),d=s("li",null,[a("v-html "),s("ul",null,[s("li",null,"把包含HTML标签的字符串渲染为页面的HTML元素")])],-1),u=p("",22),h=s("li",null,[s("code",null,'<div v-bind:id="rawId | formatId"></div'),a("：调用formatId过滤器，对rawId进行格式化")],-1),F=p("",181);function g(n,m,v,b,C,A){return e(),t("div",null,[r,s("ul",null,[E,s("li",null,[a(l()+" ",1),s("ul",null,[y,s("li",null,[s("code",null,"<p>性别 "+l(n.gender)+"</p>",1)]),i])]),d]),u,s("ul",null,[s("li",null,[s("code",null,"<p> "+l(n.message|n.capitalize)+"</p>",1),a("：调用captitalize过滤器，对message进行格式化")]),h]),F])}const f=o(c,[["render",g]]);export{k as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_index.md.6e88b393.js b/assets/frontend_index.md.6e88b393.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1edfb29c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_index.md.6e88b393.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as n,c as a,k as e,a as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"Frontend","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/index.md","filePath":"frontend/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),r={name:"frontend/index.md"},d=e("h1",{id:"frontend",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Frontend "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#frontend","aria-label":'Permalink to "Frontend"'},"​")],-1),s=e("p",null,"没点前端开发能力自己想写点东西太难了，总不能全写命令行工具吧orz。。。",-1),c=[d,s];function i(_,l,f,p,h,m){return n(),a("div",null,c)}const k=t(r,[["render",i]]);export{u as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_index.md.6e88b393.lean.js b/assets/frontend_index.md.6e88b393.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1edfb29c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_index.md.6e88b393.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as n,c as a,k as e,a as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"Frontend","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/index.md","filePath":"frontend/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),r={name:"frontend/index.md"},d=e("h1",{id:"frontend",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Frontend "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#frontend","aria-label":'Permalink to "Frontend"'},"​")],-1),s=e("p",null,"没点前端开发能力自己想写点东西太难了，总不能全写命令行工具吧orz。。。",-1),c=[d,s];function i(_,l,f,p,h,m){return n(),a("div",null,c)}const k=t(r,[["render",i]]);export{u as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/frontend_others_ElementPlus el-upload\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.4accd053.js" "b/assets/frontend_others_ElementPlus el-upload\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.4accd053.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00dba4f93
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/frontend_others_ElementPlus el-upload\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.4accd053.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"ElementPlus el-upload源码分析","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/others/ElementPlus el-upload源码分析.md","filePath":"frontend/others/ElementPlus el-upload源码分析.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/others/ElementPlus el-upload源码分析.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="elementplus-el-upload源码分析" tabindex="-1">ElementPlus el-upload源码分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#elementplus-el-upload源码分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ElementPlus el-upload源码分析&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>使用el-upload实现限制上传文件个数、超出数量后后者覆盖前者、自动上传且自行实现上传文件请求，文档写的不清不楚，试了半天都不行，还是看了源码才明白el-upload组件的整个流程。</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/ElemeFE/element/blob/dev/packages/upload/src/index.vue" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/ElemeFE/element/blob/dev/packages/upload/src/index.vue</a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/ElemeFE/element/blob/dev/packages/upload/src/upload.vue" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/ElemeFE/element/blob/dev/packages/upload/src/upload.vue</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="分析" tabindex="-1">分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分析&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>入口：index.vue的render函数</li><li>uploadData定义了参数结构，用于向子组件传参数，props中的几个属性就是el-upload标签的钩子</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// index.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(h) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> uploadList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.showFileList) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">uploadList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">UploadList</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">disabled</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadDisabled}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">listType</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">files</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on-remove</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleRemove}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handlePreview</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.onPreview}&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">props</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$scopedSlots.file) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$scopedSlots.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  file: props.file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">UploadList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">uploadData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      props: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        type: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.type,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        drag: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.drag,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        action: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.action,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        multiple: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.multiple,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;before-upload&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.beforeUpload,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;with-credentials&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.withCredentials,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        headers: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.headers,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        accept: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.accept,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fileList: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        autoUpload: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.autoUpload,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        listType: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        disabled: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadDisabled,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        limit: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.limit,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-exceed&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.onExceed,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-start&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleStart,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-progress&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleProgress,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-success&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleSuccess,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-error&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleError,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-preview&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.onPreview,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-remove&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleRemove,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http-request&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.httpRequest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ref: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;upload-inner&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">trigger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.trigger </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.default;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">uploadComponent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">uploadData}&gt;{trigger}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> uploadList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.trigger</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [uploadComponent, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.default]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> uploadComponent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.tip}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> uploadList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// index.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(h) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> uploadList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.showFileList) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">uploadList</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">UploadList</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">disabled</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadDisabled}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">listType</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">files</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on-remove</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleRemove}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handlePreview</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.onPreview}&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">props</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$scopedSlots.file) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$scopedSlots.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">file</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  file: props.file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">UploadList</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">uploadData</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      props: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        type: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.type,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        drag: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.drag,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        action: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.action,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        multiple: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.multiple,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;before-upload&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.beforeUpload,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;with-credentials&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.withCredentials,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        headers: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.headers,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        accept: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.accept,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fileList: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        autoUpload: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.autoUpload,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        listType: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        disabled: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadDisabled,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        limit: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.limit,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-exceed&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.onExceed,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-start&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleStart,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-progress&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleProgress,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-success&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleSuccess,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-error&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleError,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-preview&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.onPreview,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-remove&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleRemove,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http-request&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.httpRequest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ref: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;upload-inner&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">trigger</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.trigger </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.default;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">uploadComponent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">uploadData}&gt;{trigger}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> uploadList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.trigger</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [uploadComponent, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.default]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> uploadComponent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.tip}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> uploadList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>渲染upload子组件，下面是upload组件的render函数</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// upload.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(h) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      handleClick,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      drag,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      handleChange,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      multiple,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      accept,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      listType,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      uploadFiles,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      disabled,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      handleKeydown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      class: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;el-upload&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      on: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        click: handleClick,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        keydown: handleKeydown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data.class[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`el-upload--\${</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">listType</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">data} </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tabindex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          drag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">upload-dragger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">disabled</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{disabled} </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on-file</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{uploadFiles}&gt;{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.default}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">upload-dragger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.default</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;el-upload__input&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;file&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;input&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{name} </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on-change</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{handleChange} </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">multiple</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{multiple} </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">accept</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{accept}&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// upload.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(h) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      handleClick,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      drag,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      handleChange,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      multiple,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      accept,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      listType,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      uploadFiles,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      disabled,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      handleKeydown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      class: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;el-upload&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      on: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        click: handleClick,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        keydown: handleKeydown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data.class[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`el-upload--\${</span><span style="color:#24292E;">listType</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">data} </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tabindex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          drag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">upload-dragger</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">disabled</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{disabled} </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on-file</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{uploadFiles}&gt;{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.default}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">upload-dragger</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.default</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;el-upload__input&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;file&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;input&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{name} </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on-change</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{handleChange} </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">multiple</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{multiple} </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">accept</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{accept}&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>主要关注<code>&lt;input class=&quot;el-upload__input&quot; type=&quot;file&quot; ref=&quot;input&quot; name={name} on-change={handleChange} multiple={multiple} accept={accept}&gt;&lt;/input&gt;</code>这个jsx代码中绑定了onChange时间，调用函数是<code>handleChange</code></p></li><li><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">// upload.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">handleChange(ev) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      const files = ev.target.files;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      if (!files) return;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      this.uploadFiles(files);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">// upload.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">handleChange(ev) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      const files = ev.target.files;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      if (!files) return;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      this.uploadFiles(files);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>可以看到handleChange直接调用了uploadFiles函数，而uploadFiles函数就是我们要追溯的内容了</p></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">uploadFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(files) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.limit </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fileList.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> files.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.limit) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.onExceed </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onExceed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(files, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fileList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> postFiles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.slice.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">call</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(files);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.multiple) { postFiles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> postFiles.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (postFiles.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  postFiles.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rawFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onStart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.autoUpload) </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.beforeUpload) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">beforeUpload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (before </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> before.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    before.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">processedFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fileType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.toString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">call</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object File]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          processedFile </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">File</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([processedFile], rawFile.name, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            type: rawFile.type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (rawFile.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(p)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            processedFile[p] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rawFile[p];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }, () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (before </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">uploadFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(files) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.limit </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fileList.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> files.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.limit) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.onExceed </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onExceed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(files, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fileList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> postFiles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Array</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.slice.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">call</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(files);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.multiple) { postFiles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> postFiles.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (postFiles.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  postFiles.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">rawFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onStart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.autoUpload) </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.beforeUpload) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">beforeUpload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (before </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> before.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    before.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">processedFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fileType</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.toString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">call</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object File]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          processedFile </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">File</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([processedFile], rawFile.name, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            type: rawFile.type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (rawFile.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(p)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            processedFile[p] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rawFile[p];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }, () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (before </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>首先判断是否超过限制，如果没有则会遍历files调用onStart函数,onStart函数是在index.vue中定义的，做了三件事 <ul><li>基于原始file构建新的file对象，基于当前时间增加uid，如果是图片展示模式，还会创建一个url做展示</li><li>将新的file对象push进上传文件的数组uploadFiles中</li><li>将处理过的uploadFiles传递给on-change钩子函数（文件状态改变，添加文件、上传成功和上传失败时都会被调用）</li></ul></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleStart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  rawFile.uid </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Date.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">now</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.tempIndex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> file </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    status: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ready&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name: rawFile.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    size: rawFile.size,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    percentage: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    uid: rawFile.uid,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    raw: rawFile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;picture&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      file.url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createObjectURL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[Element Error][Upload]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onChange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleStart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  rawFile.uid </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Date.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">now</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.tempIndex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> file </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    status: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ready&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name: rawFile.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    size: rawFile.size,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    percentage: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    uid: rawFile.uid,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    raw: rawFile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;picture&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      file.url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createObjectURL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[Element Error][Upload]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onChange</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>onStart执行后会判断是否开启了自动上传，如果开启则会调用upload函数 <ul><li>upload中会调用判断是否定义了beforeUpload事件，如果没有直接调用post函数上传</li><li>如果定义了beforeUpload则会执行该函数，并根据该方法返回的结果决定如何处理文件 <ul><li>如果 beforeUpload 返回一个 Promise，则等待 Promise 执行完毕，并获取其返回值 processedFile。如果 processedFile 是一个 File 或 Blob 类型，则使用它来替换原始的文件并保留原始文件的属性，最后调用 post 方法上传替换后的文件；否则，仍然使用原始的文件上传。</li><li>如果 beforeUpload返回 false，则直接调用 onRemove 方法移除文件。</li><li>如果 beforeUpload返回其他非 false 的值，则直接上传原始文件。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.beforeUpload) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">beforeUpload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (before </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> before.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    before.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">processedFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fileType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.toString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">call</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object File]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          processedFile </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">File</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([processedFile], rawFile.name, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            type: rawFile.type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (rawFile.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(p)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            processedFile[p] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rawFile[p];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }, () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (before </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.beforeUpload) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">beforeUpload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (before </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> before.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    before.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">processedFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fileType</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.toString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">call</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object File]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          processedFile </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">File</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([processedFile], rawFile.name, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            type: rawFile.type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (rawFile.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(p)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            processedFile[p] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rawFile[p];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }, () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (before </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>post函数中的上传方法是httpRequest(options)，我们可以使用el-upload标签的http-request替换成自己的实现</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">uid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rawFile;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.headers,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    withCredentials: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.withCredentials,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    file: rawFile,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    filename: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    action: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.action,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onProgress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onProgress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onSuccess</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onSuccess</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.reqs[uid];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">err</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.reqs[uid];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">req</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">httpRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(options);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.reqs[uid] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> req;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (req </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> req.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    req.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(options.onSuccess, options.onError);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleClick</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.disabled) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$refs.input.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">click</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleKeydown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.currentTarget) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.keyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">13</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.keyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleClick</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">uid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rawFile;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">options</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.headers,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    withCredentials: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.withCredentials,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    file: rawFile,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    filename: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    action: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.action,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onProgress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onProgress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onSuccess</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#E36209;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onSuccess</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.reqs[uid];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#E36209;">err</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.reqs[uid];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">req</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">httpRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(options);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.reqs[uid] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> req;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (req </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> req.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    req.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(options.onSuccess, options.onError);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleClick</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.disabled) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$refs.input.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">click</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleKeydown</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.currentTarget) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.keyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">13</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.keyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">32</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleClick</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="结果" tabindex="-1">结果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结果&quot;">​</a></h2><p>上面分析的是如果没有超过limit限制的情况，而我要实现的就是在超过限制之后依然能够自动上传。</p><p>回归到代码,uploadFiles函数在执行了onExceed钩子之后直接就return了，所以下面一直到上传的流程都需要我们自己去调用</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">uploadFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(files) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.limit </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fileList.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> files.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.limit) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.onExceed </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onExceed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(files, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fileList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">uploadFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(files) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.limit </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fileList.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> files.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.limit) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.onExceed </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onExceed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(files, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fileList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在回顾下我的目标：限制上传文件个数为一个、超出数量后后者覆盖前者、自动上传且自行实现上传文件请求</p><p>所以：终极目标是执行完onExceed后能调用上传的函数，el-upload暴露给我们的函数是<code>submit()</code></p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// index.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">submit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> file.status </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ready&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$refs[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;upload-inner&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file.raw);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// index.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">submit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">file</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> file.status </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ready&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">file</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$refs[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;upload-inner&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file.raw);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到这个函数是将uploadFiles中的文件都调用了一次upload，所以我们要在onExceed函数中要做的事：</p><ol><li>在函数中把原有文件清除掉，然后替换为最新的文件</li><li>el-upload暴露的清除文件的方法: clearFiles</li></ol><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">clearFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clearFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="3"><li>把最新的文件push到uploadFiles中，这里就要用到上面分析到的handleStart方法，而且这个方法中还会调用onChange钩子</li><li>文件已经push到uploadFiles中，所以只需要调用submit()函数即可</li></ol><h2 id="大致代码" tabindex="-1">大致代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#大致代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;大致代码&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">el-upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">action</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;upload&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-model:file-list</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;fileList&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:limit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Number(1)&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:on-exceed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;handleExceed&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:http-request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;handleUpload&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">list-type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;picture-card&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:auto-upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">el-upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ts&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { UploadProps, UploadInstance, UploadRawFile } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;element-plus&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">UploadInstance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * 超过限制后调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleExceed</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">UploadProps</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;onExceed&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">files</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 清除所有文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clearFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> files[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">UploadRawFile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    file.uid </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">genFileId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调用handleStart把file push到uploadFiles中 -&gt; handleStart会调用onChange方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleStart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">submit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">el-upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">action</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;upload&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-model:file-list</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;fileList&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:limit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Number(1)&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:on-exceed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;handleExceed&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:http-request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;handleUpload&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">list-type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;picture-card&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:auto-upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">el-upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ts&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { UploadProps, UploadInstance, UploadRawFile } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;element-plus&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">UploadInstance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * 超过限制后调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleExceed</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">UploadProps</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;onExceed&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">files</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 清除所有文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clearFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">file</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> files[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">UploadRawFile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    file.uid </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">genFileId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调用handleStart把file push到uploadFiles中 -&gt; handleStart会调用onChange方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleStart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">submit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div>`,30),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{C as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/frontend_others_ElementPlus el-upload\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.4accd053.lean.js" "b/assets/frontend_others_ElementPlus el-upload\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.4accd053.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44046d153
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/frontend_others_ElementPlus el-upload\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.4accd053.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"ElementPlus el-upload源码分析","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/others/ElementPlus el-upload源码分析.md","filePath":"frontend/others/ElementPlus el-upload源码分析.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/others/ElementPlus el-upload源码分析.md"},o=l("",30),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{C as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-1.md.7dba2c15.js b/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-1.md.7dba2c15.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23c603618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-1.md.7dba2c15.js
@@ -0,0 +1,853 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"HackingWithSwift-1","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.md","filePath":"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="hackingwithswift-1" tabindex="-1">HackingWithSwift-1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#hackingwithswift-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HackingWithSwift-1&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuoeXyslFTuZRi4q4VT6lZKxYbr7so1Mr" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuoeXyslFTuZRi4q4VT6lZKxYbr7so1Mr</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="wesplitapp" tabindex="-1">WeSplitApp <a class="header-anchor" href="#wesplitapp" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;WeSplitApp&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> checkAmount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> numberOfPeople </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tipPercentage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@FocusState</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amountIsFocused: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> totalPerPerson: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> peopleCount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(numberOfPeople </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tipSelection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tipPercentage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> checkAmount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tipSelection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> peopleCount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tipPercentages </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">25</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Section</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Amount&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $checkAmount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">currency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">code</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">keyboardType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.decimalPad)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">focused</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">($amountIsFocused)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Picker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Number of people&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $numberOfPeople) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> people&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Picker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Tip percentage&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $tipPercentage) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tipPercentages, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .percent)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">pickerStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.segmented)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }header</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;How much tip do you want to leave&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(totalPerPerson, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">currency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">code</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;WeSplit&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ToolbarItemGroup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">placement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .keyboard) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Done&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        amountIsFocused </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> checkAmount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> numberOfPeople </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tipPercentage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@FocusState</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amountIsFocused: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> totalPerPerson: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> peopleCount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(numberOfPeople </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tipSelection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tipPercentage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> checkAmount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tipSelection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> peopleCount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tipPercentages </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">25</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Section</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Amount&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $checkAmount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">currency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">code</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">keyboardType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.decimalPad)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">focused</span><span style="color:#24292E;">($amountIsFocused)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Picker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Number of people&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $numberOfPeople) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> people&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Picker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Tip percentage&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $tipPercentage) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tipPercentages, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .percent)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">pickerStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.segmented)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }header</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;How much tip do you want to leave&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(totalPerPerson, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">currency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">code</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;WeSplit&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ToolbarItemGroup</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">placement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .keyboard) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Done&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        amountIsFocused </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>Form</p></li><li><p>TextField &amp; format: .currency(code: Locale.current.currencyCode ?? &quot;USD&quot;)</p></li><li><p>Picker</p></li><li><p>Section</p></li><li><p>toolbar修饰符</p></li></ul><h3 id="效果" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220711231438513.png" alt="image-20220711231438513"></p><h2 id="guesstheflag" tabindex="-1">GuessTheFlag <a class="header-anchor" href="#guesstheflag" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;GuessTheFlag&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-1" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showScores </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scores </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> countries </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Estonia&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;France&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Germany&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Ireland&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Italy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Nigeria&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Poland&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Russia&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Spain&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;US&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">shuffled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> correctAnswer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">random</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ZStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//AngularGradient(gradient: Gradient(colors: [.red, .yellow, .green,.blue, .purple,.red]), center: .center)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RadialGradient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">stops</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.76</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.26</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ], </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">center</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .top, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">startRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">endRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">700</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ignoresSafeArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Guess the flag&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.largeTitle.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">weight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.bold))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">spacing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    VStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Tap the flag of&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.subheadline.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">weight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.heavy))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(countries[correctAnswer])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.largeTitle.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">weight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.semibold))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {number </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">flagTapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(number)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(countries[number])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">renderingMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.original)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">infinity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.vertical, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.regularMaterial)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Score </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(scores)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bold</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(scoreTitle, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showScores) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Continue&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">action</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: askQuestion)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(scores)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">flagTapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> number: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> number </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> correctAnswer {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Correct&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            scores </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Wrong&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        showScores </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">askQuestion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        countries.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">shuffle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        correctAnswer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">random</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showScores </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scores </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> countries </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Estonia&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;France&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Germany&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Ireland&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Italy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Nigeria&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Poland&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Russia&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Spain&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;US&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">shuffled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> correctAnswer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">random</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ZStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//AngularGradient(gradient: Gradient(colors: [.red, .yellow, .green,.blue, .purple,.red]), center: .center)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RadialGradient</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">stops</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.76</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.15</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.26</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ], </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">center</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .top, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">startRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">endRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">700</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ignoresSafeArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Guess the flag&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.largeTitle.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">weight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.bold))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">spacing</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    VStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Tap the flag of&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.subheadline.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">weight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.heavy))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(countries[correctAnswer])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.largeTitle.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">weight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.semibold))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {number </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">flagTapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(number)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(countries[number])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">renderingMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.original)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">infinity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.vertical, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.regularMaterial)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Score </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(scores)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bold</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(scoreTitle, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showScores) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Continue&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">action</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: askQuestion)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(scores)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">flagTapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> number: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> number </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> correctAnswer {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Correct&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            scores </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Wrong&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        showScores </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">askQuestion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        countries.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">shuffle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        correctAnswer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">random</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点-1" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Gradient</li><li>alert</li></ul><h3 id="效果-1" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220711232134199.png" alt="image-20220711232134199"></p><h2 id="betterrest" tabindex="-1">BetterRest <a class="header-anchor" href="#betterrest" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;BetterRest&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-2" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CoreML</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wakeUp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultWakeTime</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleepAmount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> coffeeAmount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> alertTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> alertMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingAlert </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultWakeTime: Date {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> components </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DateComponents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        components.hour </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        components.minute </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Calendar.current.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: components) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Date.now</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">spacing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;When do you want to wake up?&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DatePicker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Please enter atime&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $wakeUp, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">displayedComponents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .hourAndMinute)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">labelsHidden</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">spacing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Desired amount of sleep&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(sleepAmount.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">formatted</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">())</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> hours&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $sleepAmount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">step</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.25</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">spacing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Daily coffee intake&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(coffeeAmount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1 cup&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(coffeeAmount)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> cups&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $coffeeAmount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BetterRest&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Calculate&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">action</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: calculateBedtime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(alertTitle, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingAlert) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(alertMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">calculateBedtime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MLModelConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> model </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SleepCalculator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">configuration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: config)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> components </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Calendar.current.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dateComponents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([.hour, .minute], </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: wakeUp)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hour </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (components.hour </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> minute </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (components.minute </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> prediction </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> model.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prediction</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wake</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hour </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> minute), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">estimatedSleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: sleepAmount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">coffee</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(coffeeAmount))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleepTime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wakeUp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> prediction.actualSleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            alertTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your ideal bedtime is ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            alertMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleepTime.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">formatted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .omitted, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">time</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .shortened)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            alertTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Error&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            alertMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Sorry, there was a problem calculating your bedtime.&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        showingAlert </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CoreML</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wakeUp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultWakeTime</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleepAmount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> coffeeAmount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> alertTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> alertMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingAlert </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultWakeTime: Date {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> components </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DateComponents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        components.hour </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        components.minute </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Calendar.current.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: components) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Date.now</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">spacing</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;When do you want to wake up?&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DatePicker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Please enter atime&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $wakeUp, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">displayedComponents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .hourAndMinute)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">labelsHidden</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">spacing</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Desired amount of sleep&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(sleepAmount.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">formatted</span><span style="color:#032F62;">())</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> hours&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $sleepAmount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">step</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.25</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">spacing</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Daily coffee intake&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(coffeeAmount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1 cup&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(coffeeAmount)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> cups&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $coffeeAmount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BetterRest&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Calculate&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">action</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: calculateBedtime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(alertTitle, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingAlert) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(alertMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">calculateBedtime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MLModelConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> model </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SleepCalculator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">configuration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: config)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> components </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Calendar.current.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dateComponents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([.hour, .minute], </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: wakeUp)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hour </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (components.hour </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> minute </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (components.minute </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> prediction </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> model.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prediction</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wake</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hour </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> minute), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">estimatedSleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: sleepAmount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">coffee</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(coffeeAmount))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleepTime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wakeUp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> prediction.actualSleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            alertTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your ideal bedtime is ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            alertMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleepTime.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">formatted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .omitted, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">time</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .shortened)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            alertTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Error&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            alertMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Sorry, there was a problem calculating your bedtime.&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        showingAlert </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点-2" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>CoreML机器学习</p></li><li><p>DateComponents、DatePicker</p></li><li><p>alert修饰符</p></li><li><p>Stepper</p></li></ul><h2 id="wordscramble" tabindex="-1">WordScramble <a class="header-anchor" href="#wordscramble" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;WordScramble&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-3" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-3" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> usedWords </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> errorTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> errorMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;enter your word&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $newWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">autocapitalization</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(usedWords, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { word </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        HStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(word.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.circle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(word)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rootWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">onSubmit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(addNewWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">onAppear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">perform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: startGame)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(errorTitle, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingError) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .cancel) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(errorMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addNewWord</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newWord.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lowercased</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">trimmingCharacters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .whitespacesAndNewlines)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> answer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isOriginal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wordError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Word used already&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Be more original&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPossible</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wordError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;word not possible&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;you can&#39;t spell that word from &#39;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(rootWord)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isReal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wordError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;word not recognized&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;you can&#39;t just make them up, you know!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        withAnimation{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            usedWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">insert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(answer, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">at</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        newWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">startGame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fileURL </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startWords </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: fileURL) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> allWords </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">components</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">separatedBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rootWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> allWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">randomElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;silkworm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Could not load start.txt from bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isOriginal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">usedWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">contains</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(word)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isPossible</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tempWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootWord</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> letter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> word {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pos </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tempWord.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">firstIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: letter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                tempWord.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">at</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: pos)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isReal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> checker </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">UITextChecker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> range </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NSRange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: word.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">utf16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> misspelledRange </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> checker.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rangeOfMisspelledWord</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: word, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: range, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">startingAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wrap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">language</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> misspelledRange.location </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> NSNotFound</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wordError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        errorTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        errorMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        showingError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> usedWords </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> errorTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> errorMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;enter your word&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $newWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">autocapitalization</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(usedWords, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { word </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        HStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(word.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.circle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(word)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rootWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">onSubmit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(addNewWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">onAppear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">perform</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: startGame)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(errorTitle, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingError) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">role</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .cancel) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(errorMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addNewWord</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newWord.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lowercased</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">trimmingCharacters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .whitespacesAndNewlines)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> answer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isOriginal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wordError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Word used already&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Be more original&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPossible</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wordError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;word not possible&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;you can&#39;t spell that word from &#39;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(rootWord)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isReal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wordError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;word not recognized&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;you can&#39;t just make them up, you know!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        withAnimation{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            usedWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">insert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(answer, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">at</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        newWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">startGame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fileURL </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startWords </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: fileURL) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> allWords </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">components</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">separatedBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rootWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> allWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">randomElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;silkworm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Could not load start.txt from bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isOriginal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">usedWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">contains</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(word)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isPossible</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tempWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootWord</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> letter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> word {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pos </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tempWord.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">firstIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: letter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                tempWord.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">at</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: pos)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isReal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> checker </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">UITextChecker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> range </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NSRange</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: word.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">utf16</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> misspelledRange </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> checker.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rangeOfMisspelledWord</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: word, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: range, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">startingAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wrap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">language</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> misspelledRange.location </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> NSNotFound</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wordError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        errorTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        errorMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        showingError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点-3" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-3" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>TextField(&quot;enter your word&quot;, text: $newWord).autocapitalization(.none)</code></p></li><li><p><code>onSubmit</code>、<code>onAppear</code>修饰符</p></li><li><p>读取静态资源</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fileURL </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startWords </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: fileURL) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> allWords </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">components</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">separatedBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rootWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> allWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">randomElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;silkworm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Could not load start.txt from bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fileURL </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startWords </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: fileURL) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> allWords </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">components</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">separatedBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rootWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> allWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">randomElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;silkworm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Could not load start.txt from bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>UITextChecker()</p></li></ul><h3 id="效果-2" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220711232805443.png" alt="image-20220711232805443"></p><h2 id="iexpense" tabindex="-1">iExpense <a class="header-anchor" href="#iexpense" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iExpense&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-4" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-4" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Expenses(ViewModel)</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Expenses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ExpenseItem]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">didSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSONEncoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoded </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoder.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(items) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                UserDefaults.standard.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(encoded, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Items&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> itemArr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> UserDefaults.standard.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Items&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decodedItems </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([ExpenseItem].</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: itemArr) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decodedItems</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Expenses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ExpenseItem]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">didSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSONEncoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoded </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoder.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(items) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                UserDefaults.standard.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(encoded, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Items&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> itemArr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> UserDefaults.standard.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Items&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decodedItems </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([ExpenseItem].</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: itemArr) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decodedItems</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ExpenseItem(Model)</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ExpenseItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Identifiable, Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">UUID</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ExpenseItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Identifiable, Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">UUID</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>AddView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AddView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expenses: Expenses</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Personal&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> types </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Business&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Personal&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Picker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(types, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Amount&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $amount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">currency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">code</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">keyboardType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.decimalPad)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Add new expense&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ExpenseItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: name, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: type, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">amount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: amount)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    expenses.items.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AddView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expenses: Expenses</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Personal&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> types </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Business&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Personal&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Picker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(types, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Amount&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $amount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">currency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">code</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">keyboardType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.decimalPad)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Add new expense&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ExpenseItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: name, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: type, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">amount</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: amount)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    expenses.items.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ContentView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expenses </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Expenses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingAddExpense </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(expenses.items) { item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item.type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.subheadline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item.amount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">currency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">code</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">onDelete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">perform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: removeItems)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;iExpense&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    showingAddExpense </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;plus&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingAddExpense) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">expenses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: expenses)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">removeItems</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">at</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offsets: IndexSet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        expenses.items.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">atOffsets</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: offsets)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expenses </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Expenses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingAddExpense </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(expenses.items) { item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item.type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.subheadline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item.amount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">currency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">code</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">onDelete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">perform</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: removeItems)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;iExpense&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    showingAddExpense </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;plus&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingAddExpense) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">expenses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: expenses)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">removeItems</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">at</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offsets: IndexSet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        expenses.items.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">atOffsets</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: offsets)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点-4" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-4" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>MVVM</p></li><li><p>@StateObject、@Published、ObservableObject、@ObservedObject</p></li><li><p>UserDefaults(存储少量数据，常用于存储Preference)</p></li><li><p>JSONEncoder、JSONDecoder、Codable</p></li><li><p>属性观察器(willSet、didSet) 配合 UserDefaults保存数据</p></li><li><p>onDelete修饰符</p></li><li><p>sheet修饰符(弹出新页面)</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingAddExpense) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">expenses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: expenses)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingAddExpense) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">expenses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: expenses)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>@Environment(.dismiss) <strong>var</strong> dismiss(@Environment(keyPath) 可以读取系统环境数据，dismiss用于关闭当前展示页面)</p></li></ul><h3 id="效果-3" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果-3" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220711233432310.png" alt="image-20220711233432310"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220711233750123.png" alt="image-20220711233750123"></p>`,43),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const d=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-1.md.7dba2c15.lean.js b/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-1.md.7dba2c15.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8dac6054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-1.md.7dba2c15.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"HackingWithSwift-1","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.md","filePath":"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.md"},o=l("",43),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const d=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-2.md.87b7531a.js b/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-2.md.87b7531a.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66e812ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-2.md.87b7531a.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1413 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"HackingWithSwift-2","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.md","filePath":"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="hackingwithswift-2" tabindex="-1">HackingWithSwift-2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#hackingwithswift-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HackingWithSwift-2&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuoeXyslFTuZRi4q4VT6lZKxYbr7so1Mr" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuoeXyslFTuZRi4q4VT6lZKxYbr7so1Mr</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="moonshot" tabindex="-1">Moonshot <a class="header-anchor" href="#moonshot" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Moonshot&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Bundle-Decodable</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">extension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Bundle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Decodable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> file: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> T {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: file, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(file)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: url) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(file)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DateFormatter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        formatter.dateFormat </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y-MM-dd&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        decoder.dateDecodingStrategy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">formatted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(formatter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loaded </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( T.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: data) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(file)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loaded</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">extension</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Bundle</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Decodable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> file: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> T {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: file, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(file)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: url) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(file)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DateFormatter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        formatter.dateFormat </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y-MM-dd&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        decoder.dateDecodingStrategy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">formatted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(formatter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loaded </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( T.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: data) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(file)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loaded</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Color-Theme</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">extension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShapeStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Self == Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> darkBackground: Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lightBackgroud: Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">extension</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShapeStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Self == Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> darkBackground: Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lightBackgroud: Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Model</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Astronaut</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Codable, Identifiable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> id: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> description: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mission</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Codable, Identifiable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CrewRole</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> role: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> id: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> launchDate: Date</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> crew: [CrewRole]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> description: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> displayName: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Apollo </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(id)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> image: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;apollo</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(id)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formattedLaunchDate: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        launchDate</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">formatted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .abbreviated, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">time</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .omitted) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;N/A&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Astronaut</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Codable, Identifiable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> id: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> description: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mission</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Codable, Identifiable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CrewRole</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> role: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> id: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> launchDate: Date</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> crew: [CrewRole]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> description: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> displayName: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Apollo </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(id)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> image: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;apollo</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(id)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formattedLaunchDate: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        launchDate</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">formatted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .abbreviated, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">time</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .omitted) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;N/A&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ContentView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> astronauts: [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Astronaut] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;astronauts.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> missions: [Mission] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;missions.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> columns </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GridItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">adaptive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">minimum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">150</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">LazyVGrid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">columns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: columns) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(missions) { mission </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        NavigationLink{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MissionView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">mission</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: mission, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">astronauts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: astronauts)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            VStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.displayName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.formattedLaunchDate)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.subheadline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">opacity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">infinity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .overlay{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">stroke</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([.horizontal, .bottom])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Moonshot&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">preferredColorScheme</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.dark)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> astronauts: [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Astronaut] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;astronauts.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> missions: [Mission] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;missions.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> columns </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GridItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">adaptive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">minimum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">150</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">LazyVGrid</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">columns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: columns) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(missions) { mission </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        NavigationLink{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MissionView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">mission</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: mission, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">astronauts</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: astronauts)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            VStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.displayName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.formattedLaunchDate)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.subheadline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">opacity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">infinity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .overlay{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">stroke</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([.horizontal, .bottom])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Moonshot&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">preferredColorScheme</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.dark)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>MissionView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MissionView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CrewMember</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> role: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> astronaut: Astronaut</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mission: Mission</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> crew: [CrewMember]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        GeometryReader { geometry </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: geometry.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.top)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Rectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mission Highlights&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bold</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.bottom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Rectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Crew&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bold</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.bottom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.horizontal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ScrollView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.horizontal, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showsIndicators</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(crew, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \\.role) { crewMember </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AstronautView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">astronaut</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: crewMember.astronaut)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                }label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(crewMember.astronaut.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">104</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">72</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            .overlay{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">strokeBorder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lineWidth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(crewMember.astronaut.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(crewMember.role)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.horizontal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.bottom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.displayName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mission</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Mission, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">astronauts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Astronaut]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.mission </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mission</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.crew </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mission.crew.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { member </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> astronaut </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> astronauts[member.name] {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CrewMember</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: member.role, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">astronaut</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: astronaut)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Missing </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(member.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MissionView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CrewMember</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> role: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> astronaut: Astronaut</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mission: Mission</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> crew: [CrewMember]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        GeometryReader { geometry </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: geometry.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.top)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Rectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mission Highlights&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bold</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.bottom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Rectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Crew&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bold</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.bottom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.horizontal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ScrollView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.horizontal, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showsIndicators</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(crew, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \\.role) { crewMember </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AstronautView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">astronaut</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: crewMember.astronaut)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                }label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(crewMember.astronaut.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">104</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">72</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            .overlay{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">strokeBorder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lineWidth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(crewMember.astronaut.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(crewMember.role)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.horizontal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.bottom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.displayName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mission</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Mission, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">astronauts</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Astronaut]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.mission </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mission</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.crew </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mission.crew.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { member </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> astronaut </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> astronauts[member.name] {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CrewMember</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">role</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: member.role, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">astronaut</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: astronaut)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Missing </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(member.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>AstronautView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AstronautView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> astronaut: Astronaut</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(astronaut.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(astronaut.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(astronaut.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AstronautView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> astronaut: Astronaut</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(astronaut.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(astronaut.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(astronaut.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>extension扩展Bubble读取静态资源文件、扩展Color用于设置背景色</li><li>LazyVGrid设置自适应的网格视图</li><li>.preferredColorScheme(.dark)设置首选项颜色</li><li>GeometryReader，可以获取父View的坐标、尺寸等</li><li>Image调整大小- resizable(), scaleToFit(),frame()</li></ul><h3 id="效果" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220712152252199.png" alt="image-20220712152252199"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220712152306254.png" alt="image-20220712152306254"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220712152317084.png" alt="image-20220712152317084"></p><h2 id="cupcakecorner" tabindex="-1">CupcakeCorner <a class="header-anchor" href="#cupcakecorner" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CupcakeCorner&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-1" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Order</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: ObservableObject, Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CodingKeys</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: CodingKey {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type, quantity, extraFrosting, addSprinkles, name, streetAddress, city, zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> types </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Vanilla&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Strawberry&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Chocolate&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Rainbow&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> quantity </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> specialRequestEnabled </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">didSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> specialRequestEnabled </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> streetAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> city </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> zip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hasValidAddress: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> streetAddress.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> city.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> zip.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cost: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $2 per cake</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cost </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(quantity) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// complicated cakes cost more</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cost </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $1/cake for extra frosting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> extraFrosting {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cost </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $0.5/cake for sprinkles</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> addSprinkles {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cost </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(quantity) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cost</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoder: Encoder) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoder.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">container</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">keyedBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: CodingKeys.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(quantity, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(extraFrosting, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(addSprinkles, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(streetAddress, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(city, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(zip, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">required</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder: Decoder) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">container</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">keyedBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: CodingKeys.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        quantity </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        city </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        streetAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        zip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: ObservableObject, Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CodingKeys</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: CodingKey {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type, quantity, extraFrosting, addSprinkles, name, streetAddress, city, zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> types </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Vanilla&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Strawberry&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Chocolate&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Rainbow&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> quantity </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> specialRequestEnabled </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">didSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> specialRequestEnabled </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> streetAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> city </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> zip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hasValidAddress: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> streetAddress.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> city.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> zip.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cost: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $2 per cake</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cost </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(quantity) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// complicated cakes cost more</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cost </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $1/cake for extra frosting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> extraFrosting {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cost </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $0.5/cake for sprinkles</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> addSprinkles {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cost </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(quantity) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cost</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoder: Encoder) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoder.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">container</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">keyedBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: CodingKeys.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(quantity, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(extraFrosting, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(addSprinkles, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(streetAddress, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(city, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(zip, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">required</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder: Decoder) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">container</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">keyedBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: CodingKeys.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        quantity </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        city </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        streetAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        zip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ContentView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> order </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Picker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Select your cake type&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order.types.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">indices</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order.types[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Number of cakes: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(order.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">quantity</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.quantity, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Any special requests?&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isOn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.specialRequestEnabled.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">animation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> order.specialRequestEnabled {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Add extra frosting&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isOn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Add extra sprinkles&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isOn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddressView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: order)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Deliver details&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Cupcake Corner&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> order </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Picker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Select your cake type&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order.types.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">indices</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order.types[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Number of cakes: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(order.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">quantity</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.quantity, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Any special requests?&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isOn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.specialRequestEnabled.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">animation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> order.specialRequestEnabled {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Add extra frosting&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isOn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Add extra sprinkles&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isOn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddressView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: order)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Deliver details&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Cupcake Corner&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>AddressView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AddressView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> order: Order</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Street address&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;City&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Zip&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CheckoutView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: order)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Check out&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">disabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">order.hasValidAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Delivery details&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AddressView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> order: Order</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Street address&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;City&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Zip&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CheckoutView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: order)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Check out&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">disabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">order.hasValidAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Delivery details&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>CheckoutView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CheckoutView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> order: Order</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> confirmationMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingConfirmation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AsyncImage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://hws.dev/img/cupcakes@3x.jpg&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scale</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { image </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } placeholder</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ProgressView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">               </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your total is </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(order.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cost</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, format</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">currency</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">code</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">))</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Place Order&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    Task {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">           </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Check out&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thank you!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingConfirmation) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(confirmationMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoded </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSONEncoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(order) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Failed to encode order&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://reqres.in/api/cupcakes&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">URLRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        request.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">setValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;application/json&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forHTTPHeaderField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        request.httpMethod </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;POST&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (data, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> URLSession.shared.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: request, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: encoded)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decodedOrder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            confirmationMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your order for </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(decodedOrder.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">quantity</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">x</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(Order.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">types</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[decodedOrder.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">type</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">].</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lowercased</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">())</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> cupcakes is on its way !&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            showingConfirmation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Check out failed ...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CheckoutView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> order: Order</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> confirmationMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingConfirmation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AsyncImage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://hws.dev/img/cupcakes@3x.jpg&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scale</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { image </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } placeholder</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ProgressView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">               </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your total is </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(order.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cost</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, format</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">currency</span><span style="color:#032F62;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">code</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">))</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Place Order&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    Task {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">           </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Check out&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thank you!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingConfirmation) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(confirmationMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoded </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSONEncoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(order) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Failed to encode order&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://reqres.in/api/cupcakes&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">URLRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        request.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">setValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;application/json&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forHTTPHeaderField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        request.httpMethod </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;POST&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (data, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> URLSession.shared.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: request, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: encoded)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decodedOrder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            confirmationMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your order for </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(decodedOrder.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">quantity</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">x</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(Order.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">types</span><span style="color:#032F62;">[decodedOrder.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">type</span><span style="color:#032F62;">].</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lowercased</span><span style="color:#032F62;">())</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> cupcakes is on its way !&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            showingConfirmation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Check out failed ...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点-1" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>Codable协议无法处理被@Published等属性包装器修饰的属性，需要额外编码来手动实现Codable协议</p></li><li><p>Form表单校验使用<code>.disabled()</code>修饰符</p></li><li><p>异步加载图像<code>AsyncImage</code>,这个View不能像普通Image一样直接使用<code>.resizable()</code>调整大小,需要特殊处理</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AsyncImage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://hws.dev/img/cupcakes@3x.jpg&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scale</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { image </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } placeholder</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ProgressView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//加载中loading view</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">AsyncImage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://hws.dev/img/cupcakes@3x.jpg&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scale</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { image </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } placeholder</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ProgressView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//加载中loading view</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>Button的action使用异步方法时需要使用Task</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Place Order&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Task {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Place Order&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Task {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>使用URLRequest、URLSession发送http请求</p></li><li><p>异步方法，async,await关键字</p></li></ul><h3 id="效果-1" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220713143307866.png" alt="image-20220713143307866"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220713143325947.png" alt="image-20220713143325947"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220713143335966.png" alt="image-20220713143335966"></p><h2 id="bookworm" tabindex="-1">Bookworm <a class="header-anchor" href="#bookworm" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Bookworm&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-2" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>BookwormApp</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BookwormApp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: App {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataController </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DataController</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Scene {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        WindowGroup {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\\.managedObjectContext, dataController.container.viewContext )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BookwormApp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: App {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataController </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DataController</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Scene {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        WindowGroup {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\\.managedObjectContext, dataController.container.viewContext )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ContentView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sortDescriptors</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SortDescriptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\\.title, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .forward), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SortDescriptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\\.author, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .forward)]) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> books: FetchedResults&lt;Book&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingAddScreen </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(books) { book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DetailView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">EmojiRatingView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rating</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: book.rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.largeTitle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unknown title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unknown author&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">onDelete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">perform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: deleteBooks)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Bookworm&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ToolbarItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">placement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .navigationBarLeading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">EditButton</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ToolbarItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">placement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .navigationBarTrailing) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        showingAddScreen.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Label</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Add book&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;plus&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingAddScreen) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddBookView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">deleteBooks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">at</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offsets: IndexSet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offset </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offsets {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> books[offset]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sortDescriptors</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SortDescriptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\\.title, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .forward), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SortDescriptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\\.author, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .forward)]) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> books: FetchedResults&lt;Book&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingAddScreen </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(books) { book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DetailView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">book</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">EmojiRatingView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rating</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: book.rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.largeTitle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unknown title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unknown author&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">onDelete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">perform</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: deleteBooks)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Bookworm&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ToolbarItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">placement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .navigationBarLeading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">EditButton</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ToolbarItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">placement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .navigationBarTrailing) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        showingAddScreen.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Label</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Add book&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;plus&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingAddScreen) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddBookView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">deleteBooks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">at</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offsets: IndexSet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offset </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offsets {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> books[offset]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">save</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>DataController</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CoreData</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DataController</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NSPersistentContainer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Bookworm&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        container.loadPersistentStores { description, error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> error {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Core data failed to load: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(error.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">localizedDescription</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CoreData</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DataController</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NSPersistentContainer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Bookworm&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        container.loadPersistentStores { description, error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> error {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Core data failed to load: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(error.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">localizedDescription</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>AddBookView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AddBookView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> genre </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> review </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> genres </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Fantasy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Horror&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Kids&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mystery&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Poetry&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Romance&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thriller&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Name of book&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Author&#39;s name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $author)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Picker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Genre&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $genre) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(genres, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextEditor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $review)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rating</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } header</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Write a review&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: moc)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">UUID</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.genre </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.genre</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.review </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.review</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.rating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Add book&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AddBookView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> genre </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> review </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> genres </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Fantasy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Horror&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Kids&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mystery&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Poetry&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Romance&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thriller&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Name of book&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Author&#39;s name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $author)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Picker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Genre&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $genre) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(genres, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextEditor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $review)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rating</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } header</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Write a review&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Book</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: moc)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">UUID</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.genre </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.genre</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.review </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.review</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.rating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int16</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">save</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Add book&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>RatingView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Binding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> label </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> maxmiumRating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offImage: Image</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onImage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;star.fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offColor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color.gray</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onColor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color.yellow</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> label.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(label)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">maxmiumRating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { number </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: number)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(number </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offColor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onColor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .onTapGesture {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        rating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> number: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Image {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> number </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offImage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onImage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onImage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Binding</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> label </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> maxmiumRating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offImage: Image</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onImage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;star.fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offColor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color.gray</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onColor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color.yellow</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> label.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(label)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">maxmiumRating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { number </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: number)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(number </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offColor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onColor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .onTapGesture {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        rating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> number: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Image {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> number </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offImage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onImage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onImage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>EmojiRatingView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">EmojiRatingView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;☹️&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;😞&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;😊&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;😍&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;🤩&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">EmojiRatingView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;☹️&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;😞&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;😊&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;😍&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;🤩&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>DetailView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DetailView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book: Book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingAlert </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ZStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .bottomTrailing) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.genre </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Fantasy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.genre</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">uppercased</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;FANTASY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.caption)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fontWeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.black)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.black.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">opacity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.75</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unknown author&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.review </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;No review&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rating</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">constant</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.rating)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unknown book&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Delete this book?&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingAlert) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .destructive,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">action</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: deleteBook)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Cancle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .cancel) { }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Are you sure?&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                showingAlert </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Label</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Delete this book&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;trash&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">deleteBook</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DetailView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book: Book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingAlert </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ZStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .bottomTrailing) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.genre </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Fantasy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.genre</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">uppercased</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;FANTASY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.caption)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fontWeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.black)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.black.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">opacity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.75</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unknown author&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.review </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;No review&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rating</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">constant</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.rating)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unknown book&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Delete this book?&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingAlert) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">role</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .destructive,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">action</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: deleteBook)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Cancle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">role</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .cancel) { }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Are you sure?&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                showingAlert </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Label</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Delete this book&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;trash&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">deleteBook</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">save</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Bookworm.xcdatamodeld</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220714192129472.png" alt="image-20220714192129472"></p><h3 id="知识点-2" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CoreData相关概念，.xcdatamodeld文件、NSPersistentContainer、@Environment(.managedObjectContext)、context.save()、context.delete(xxx)、FetchRequest</li><li>TextEditor</li><li>通用RatingView</li></ul><h3 id="效果-2" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220714192654745.png" alt="image-20220714192654745"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220714192710927.png" alt="image-20220714192710927"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220714192720403.png" alt="image-20220714192720403"></p><h2 id="coredata" tabindex="-1">CoreData <a class="header-anchor" href="#coredata" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CoreData&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>Conditional saving of NSManagedObjectContex</li></ul><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc.hasChanges {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc.hasChanges {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">save</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>Ensuring Core Data objects are unique using constraints</p><ul><li>配置CoreDataEntity的constranits</li><li>DataController增加</li></ul><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.container.viewContext.mergePolicy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> NSMergePolicy.mergeByPropertyObjectTrump</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.container.viewContext.mergePolicy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> NSMergePolicy.mergeByPropertyObjectTrump</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>Dynamically filtering @FetchRequest with SwiftUI</p></li></ul><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FilteredList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NSManagedOBject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">View</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fetchRequest: FetchedResults&lt;T&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">List</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fetchRequest, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:\\.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filterKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filterValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, @</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ViewBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> content: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@escaping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (T) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Content) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    _fetchRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">T</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sortDescriptors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [], </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">predicate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NSPredicate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;%K BEGINSWITH %@&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, filterKey, filterValue))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FilteredList</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NSManagedOBject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">View</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fetchRequest: FetchedResults&lt;T&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">List</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fetchRequest, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:\\.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filterKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filterValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, @</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ViewBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> content: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@escaping</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (T) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Content) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    _fetchRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">T</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sortDescriptors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [], </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">predicate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NSPredicate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;%K BEGINSWITH %@&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, filterKey, filterValue))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,67),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git a/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-2.md.87b7531a.lean.js b/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-2.md.87b7531a.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..753391c78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-2.md.87b7531a.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"HackingWithSwift-2","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.md","filePath":"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.md"},o=l("",67),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/frontend_others_SwiftUI\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2cd6fe0a.js" "b/assets/frontend_others_SwiftUI\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2cd6fe0a.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae7f8e082
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/frontend_others_SwiftUI\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2cd6fe0a.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"SwiftUI入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/others/SwiftUI入门.md","filePath":"frontend/others/SwiftUI入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/others/SwiftUI入门.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="swiftui入门" tabindex="-1">SwiftUI入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#swiftui入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SwiftUI入门&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="mvvm" tabindex="-1">MVVM <a class="header-anchor" href="#mvvm" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MVVM&quot;">​</a></h2><p>MVVM是一种架构设计范式，把数据和视图分离开，Model和View必须通过ViewModel通信。</p><h3 id="model" tabindex="-1">Model <a class="header-anchor" href="#model" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Model&quot;">​</a></h3><p>数据模型，负责数据和逻辑的处理，独立于UI界面，数据流（data flows）在映射到视图中的过程是<strong>只读</strong>的</p><h3 id="view" tabindex="-1">View <a class="header-anchor" href="#view" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;View&quot;">​</a></h3><p>渲染UI界面，展示Model数据，声明式（为UI声明的方法，在任何时候做它们应做的事情）、无状态的（不需要关心任何状态变化）、响应式的（跟随Model数据变化重新渲染）。</p><h3 id="viewmodel" tabindex="-1">ViewModel <a class="header-anchor" href="#viewmodel" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ViewModel&quot;">​</a></h3><p>执行解释工作（interpreter），绑定View和Model。ViewModel关注Model中的变化（notices changes），然后把Model的数据变更发布出去（publishes changed），订阅了（subsrcbes）某个发布（publication）的View会进行rebuild。</p><blockquote><p>ViewModel没有指向View的指针，不直接与View对话，如果View订阅了某个发布，就会询问ViewModel怎么适应变化，这个过程不会涉及Model，因为ViewModel的作用就是解释Model的变化。</p></blockquote><h2 id="mvvm的processes-intent" tabindex="-1">MVVM的Processes Intent <a class="header-anchor" href="#mvvm的processes-intent" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MVVM的Processes Intent&quot;">​</a></h2><p>MVVM有一个对应的关联架构，是Model-View-Intent。如果用户意图（<em>intent</em>）做一些操作，那么这些Intent就要进行View到Model这个反向传递过程。而swiftUI还没有进行这个设计，所以我们用下面一系列操作来处理Intent：</p><ul><li><strong>View</strong> <em>Calls Intent function</em> 视图调用方法</li><li><strong>ViewModel</strong> <em>modifies the Model</em> 视图模型修改模型</li><li><strong>Model</strong> <em>changes</em> 模型改动变化</li><li><strong>ViewModel</strong> <em>notices changes and publishes</em> 模型关注到变化并发布</li><li><strong>View whitch subscribes</strong> <em>Reflect the Model</em> 订阅变化的视图进行模型映射</li></ul><p>对比MVVM的映射过程，多了ViewModel处理View操作，并且修改Model这两个操作。</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/c14c70c0c9f7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.jianshu.com/p/c14c70c0c9f7</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="layout" tabindex="-1">Layout <a class="header-anchor" href="#layout" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Layout&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="hstack-and-vstack" tabindex="-1">HStack and VStack <a class="header-anchor" href="#hstack-and-vstack" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HStack and VStack&quot;">​</a></h3><p>stacks划分提供给自身的空间，然后把空间分配给内部的视图。优先给<code>least flexible</code>的子视图分配空间。</p><ul><li>Example of inflexible view : Image,Image视图需要一个固定尺寸</li><li>Another example(slightly more flexible): Text,需要一个完全适合内部文本的尺寸</li><li>Example of a very flexible View: RoundedRectangle,总是使用所有可用的空间</li></ul><p>在给一个视图它需要的空间后，这块空间从可用空间中被移除，然后stack继续给下一个<code>least flexible</code>的视图分配空间。<code>very flexible views</code>最后会平分空间。</p><p>在子视图选择了它们的尺寸后，stack会调整自己的size来适应它们，如果有<code>very flexible</code>的子视图，那么这个stack也会变得<code>very flexible</code></p><h4 id="layoutpriority-double" tabindex="-1">.layoutPriority(Double) <a class="header-anchor" href="#layoutpriority-double" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.layoutPriority(Double)&quot;">​</a></h4><p>可以使用<code>.layoutPriority(Double)</code>改变获取空间的优先级，默认值为0。<code>.layoutPriority(Double)</code>的优先级要比<code>least flexible</code>更高。</p><h3 id="alignment" tabindex="-1">alignment <a class="header-anchor" href="#alignment" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;alignment&quot;">​</a></h3><p>why .leading instead of .left？Stacks会根据语言环境判断对齐方式，例如有些语言(阿拉伯语)的文本是从右向左的。</p><h3 id="lazyhstack-and-lazyvstack" tabindex="-1">LazyHStack and LazyVStack <a class="header-anchor" href="#lazyhstack-and-lazyvstack" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;LazyHStack and LazyVStack&quot;">​</a></h3><p>不会build不可见的视图内容，通常用在ScrollView中</p><h3 id="scrollview" tabindex="-1">ScrollView <a class="header-anchor" href="#scrollview" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ScrollView&quot;">​</a></h3><p>占据所有可用空间，子视图大小根据滚动轴调整</p><h3 id="list、form、outlinegroup" tabindex="-1">List、Form、OutlineGroup <a class="header-anchor" href="#list、form、outlinegroup" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;List、Form、OutlineGroup&quot;">​</a></h3><p>really smart VStacks</p><h3 id="backgroup-修饰符" tabindex="-1">.backgroup 修饰符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#backgroup-修饰符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.backgroup 修饰符&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>Text(&quot;hello&quot;).backgroup(Rectangle().foregroundColor(.red))</code>，效果类似ZStack(Text在上),但是区别是这个例子中最终的View大小是由Text决定的</p><h3 id="overlay-修饰符" tabindex="-1">.overlay 修饰符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#overlay-修饰符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.overlay 修饰符&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;folder&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">system</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">55</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">weight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .thin))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">overlay</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;❤️&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .bottom)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;folder&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">system</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">55</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">weight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .thin))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">overlay</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;❤️&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .bottom)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>视图的大小由Image决定，Text会堆叠在Image上，底部对齐</p><h3 id="modifiers" tabindex="-1">Modifiers <a class="header-anchor" href="#modifiers" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Modifiers&quot;">​</a></h3><p>所有修饰符都会返回一个View</p><h4 id="example" tabindex="-1">Example <a class="header-anchor" href="#example" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Example&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">HStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(viewModel.cards) { card </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 		 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CardView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">card</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: card).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">aspectRatio</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">contentMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .fit)                       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.orange)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">HStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(viewModel.cards) { card </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> 		 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CardView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">card</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: card).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">aspectRatio</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">contentMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .fit)                       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.orange)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>首先被提供空间的是<code>.padding(10)</code></li><li>然后内边距10的空间会提供给<code>.foregroudColor</code></li><li>最后所有空间被提供给HStack</li><li>然后空间被平均分给<code>.aspectRatio</code></li><li>每个<code>.aspectRatio</code>会设置宽度，然后遵循2/3的长宽比设置高度，或者在HStack高度不足时，占据所有高度，然后按2/3设置宽度。</li><li><code>.aspectRatio</code>把所有空间提供给CardView</li></ul><h3 id="spacer-minlength-cgfloat" tabindex="-1">Spacer(minLength: CGFloat) <a class="header-anchor" href="#spacer-minlength-cgfloat" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Spacer(minLength: CGFloat)&quot;">​</a></h3><p>总是占据提供给他的所有空间，不绘制任何东西.</p><h3 id="divider" tabindex="-1">Divider() <a class="header-anchor" href="#divider" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Divider()&quot;">​</a></h3><p>分割线，在HStack中绘制垂直的线，VStack中是水平线。</p><h2 id="viewbuilder" tabindex="-1">@ViewBuilder <a class="header-anchor" href="#viewbuilder" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@ViewBuilder&quot;">​</a></h2><p>@ViewBuilder是一个参数属性，作用于构造视图的闭包参数上，允许闭包提供多个子视图。</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@ViewBuilder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">front</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> card: Card) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> shape </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  shape</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  shape.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">stroke</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(card.content)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ViewBuilder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">front</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> card: Card) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> shape </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  shape</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  shape.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">stroke</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(card.content)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="property-wrapper" tabindex="-1">Property Wrapper <a class="header-anchor" href="#property-wrapper" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Property Wrapper&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@propertyWrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Converter1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> from:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> to:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rate:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrappedValue:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(from)\\(value)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newValue) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectedValue:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(to)\\(value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> rate)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initialValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rate </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.from </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> from</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.to </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> to</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.wrappedValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> initialValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">TestWraper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> myname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Converter1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(initialValue</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;100&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, from</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, to</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rate</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6.88</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> usd_cny</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Converter1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(initialValue</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;100&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, from</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, to</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;EUR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rate</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.13</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cny_eur</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(usd_cny)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\($usd_cny)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(cny_eur)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\($cny_eur)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     USD100.0=CNY688.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     CNY100.0=EUR13.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@propertyWrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Converter1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> from:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> to:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rate:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrappedValue:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(from)\\(value)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newValue) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectedValue:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(to)\\(value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> rate)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initialValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rate </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.from </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> from</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.to </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> to</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.wrappedValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> initialValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">TestWraper</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> myname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Converter1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(initialValue</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;100&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, from</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, to</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rate</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6.88</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> usd_cny</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Converter1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(initialValue</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;100&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, from</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, to</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;EUR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rate</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.13</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cny_eur</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(usd_cny)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\($usd_cny)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(cny_eur)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\($cny_eur)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     USD100.0=CNY688.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     CNY100.0=EUR13.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>属性包装器必须有一个包装值，名为<code>wrappedValue</code>的计算属性</li><li>预计值为<code>projectedValue</code>，访问预计值的方式为<code>.$属性名</code>，<code>projectedValue</code>是只读的。</li></ul><h3 id="property-wrapper使用限制" tabindex="-1">Property Wrapper使用限制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#property-wrapper使用限制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Property Wrapper使用限制&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>protocol中无法使用</li><li>通过wrapper包装的实例属性不能在extension中声明</li><li>不能在enum中声明</li><li>class中通过wrapper包装的属性无法被另外一个属性通过override覆盖</li><li>通过wrapper包装的实例属性不能用<code>lazy</code>、<code>@NSCopying</code>、<code>@NSManaged</code>、<code>weak</code>或<code>unowned</code>修饰</li></ul><h3 id="state" tabindex="-1">@State <a class="header-anchor" href="#state" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@State&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>视图是只读的</p><p>所有视图的struct都是完全、彻底只读的，所以View中只有<code>let</code>和<code>computed</code>(常量和计算属性)才有意义。（被@ObservedObject装饰的属性除外，这种属性必须被标记为<code>var</code>）</p></li><li><p>为什么</p><p>View一直在被创建、丢弃，只有<code>body</code>才会存在很久，所以View不太需要一些需要被修改的属性</p></li></ul><p>don&#39;t worry，之所以这样是因为View应该是stateless的，只负责渲染model，不需要自身具有什么状态属性。但是极少数情况下View也是需要状态的(it turns out there are a few rare times when a View needs some state)，但这种状态存储总是暂时的(always temporary)，所有持久化的状态都存在Model中。</p><p>例如：进入编辑模式，需要提前收集数据来为用户修改数据的intent作准备，需要暂时展示其他的View（编辑页面）来收集数据，编辑完后需要一个动画效果来关闭这个编辑页面，所以需要一个&quot;编辑模式状态&quot;的属性来标记何时该关闭。</p><p>上述场景中可以使用<code>@State</code>来标记这个临时状态存储变量</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> somethingTemporary: SomeType </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//someType can be any struct</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> somethingTemporary: SomeType </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//someType can be any struct</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个临时状态变量是private修饰的，是因为只有当前View能访问这个变量。<code>@State</code>变量的变化会导致这个View的body重新渲染。这和<code>@ObservedObject</code>类似，但是<code>@State</code>作用的是一个随机的数据(值语义)，而<code>@ObservedObject</code>作用在ViewModel上（对象语义）。</p><h3 id="observedobject" tabindex="-1">@ObservedObject <a class="header-anchor" href="#observedobject" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@ObservedObject&quot;">​</a></h3><p>多个视图数据共享和更新时，需要一个数据模型的概念，即多视图的状态可以根据<code>Data-Model</code>进行更新，这种场景下@State就不再适用了。</p><ul><li><p><code>ObservableObject</code>协议定义了一个数据模型的数据发生变化时发布通知的能力</p></li><li><p><code>@ObservedObject</code>这个属性包装器包装的属性可以监听到数据的变化，也可以利用它去更新数据。</p></li><li><p><code>@Published</code>这个属性包装器包装的属性，都会被转化为一个publisher（Combine框架的概念），当值发生变化时，会通知系统，然后系统再去更新画面</p></li></ul><h3 id="stateobject" tabindex="-1">@StateObject <a class="header-anchor" href="#stateobject" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@StateObject&quot;">​</a></h3><p>和@ObservedObject类似，也是修饰对象语义，和@ObservedObject的区别在于，实例是否被创建其的View所持有，其生命周期是否完全可控，@StateObject修饰的属性的生命周期由创建该对象的对象维护（这一点又类似@State）</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DataSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Counter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataSource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DataSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Increment counter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSource.counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Count is </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(dataSource.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">counter</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ItemList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Append item to list&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        items.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">List</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(items, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Counter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DataSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Counter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataSource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DataSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Increment counter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSource.counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Count is </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(dataSource.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">counter</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ItemList</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Append item to list&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        items.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">List</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(items, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Counter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在这个例子中，每次点击<code>Append item to list</code>Button，counter都会被重置，这是因为每次重新渲染，DataSource()都会被重新创建。解决这个问题有两个方法：</p><ol><li>在ItemList中创建DataSource，并把DataSource传递给Counter</li><li>把@ObservedObject替换为@StateObject</li></ol><p>将DataSource标记为@StateObject意味着DataSource被实例化后会保存在Counter的外部，当Counter重新渲染时，会直接用这个值。</p><h3 id="environmentobject" tabindex="-1">@EnvironmentObject <a class="header-anchor" href="#environmentobject" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@EnvironmentObject&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>@ObservedObject</code>可以在视图间共享数据、刷新画面，但是必须为需要的视图进行引用的传递。如果视图的层级较多，且各个View和子View使用同一个数据模型，那么<code>@ObservedObject</code>的传递将会变得笨重且易出错。</p><p>SwiftUI提供了另一种选择,<code>@EnvironmentObject</code>就是把数据模型引用保存到了一个共同的环境变量中，<code>environment</code>是一个共通的存储区域，保存了app的信息和Views，当然也可以保存自定义数据，包括对observable object的引用。</p><h3 id="environment" tabindex="-1">@Environment <a class="header-anchor" href="#environment" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@Environment&quot;">​</a></h3><p>和<code>@State</code>类似，App也可以响应iOS系统过来的state变化，例如语言环境、字体大小、暗黑模式切换等，为了及时响应这些变化，app可以使用<code>@Environment(KeyPath)</code>来进行获取实时的信息。</p><h2 id="combine框架" tabindex="-1">Combine框架 <a class="header-anchor" href="#combine框架" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Combine框架&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>@Published</code>属性包装器和<code>ObservableObject</code>的实现定义在<code>Combine</code>框架中。Combine框架中定义了一些协议和数据类型，可以让我们处理数据，当一个代码数据发生变化，可以应用这个框架来通知另外一处代码有新数据可以使用。</p><p>这样就会出现两个类型的任务，一个是发布者(publisher)，一个是订阅者(subscriber)。发布者决定了数据和错误信息的产生并发给订阅者，订阅者会接受这些信息。</p><p>在SwiftUI中，被<code>@Published</code>修饰的属性，会被自动转化为Publisher，<code>ObservableObject</code>协议的实现中，定义了被<code>@Published</code>修饰的属性作为发布者，在属性的值发生变化的时候，发布者将通知订阅者。<code>@ObservedObject</code>和<code>@EnvironmentObject</code>修饰的属性，扮演订阅者的角色。</p><h3 id="just发布者和subscribers-sink" tabindex="-1">Just发布者和Subscribers.Sink <a class="header-anchor" href="#just发布者和subscribers-sink" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Just发布者和Subscribers.Sink&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Combine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Foundation</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> myPublisher </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Just</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;55&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mySubscriber </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Subscribers.Sink</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Never</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">receiveCompletion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { completion </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> completion </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .finished {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;111&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;222&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">receiveValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">subscribe</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mySubscriber)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Combine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Foundation</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> myPublisher </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Just</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;55&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mySubscriber </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Subscribers.Sink</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Never</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">receiveCompletion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { completion </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> completion </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .finished {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;111&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;222&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">receiveValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">subscribe</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mySubscriber)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="数据的转换" tabindex="-1">数据的转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据的转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据的转换&quot;">​</a></h3><p>中间发布者</p><p>Publishers.Map</p><p>Publishers.Filter</p><p>...</p><p>或Just().操作符</p><h3 id="subjects" tabindex="-1">Subjects <a class="header-anchor" href="#subjects" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Subjects&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Combine还有一种发布者叫Subjects，实现了Subject协议，可以调用send方法发送数据</p><ul><li>PassthroughSubject()</li><li>CurrentValueSubject(value)</li></ul><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Combine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Foundation</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyErrors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Error {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrongValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> myPublisher </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> PassthroughSubject</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, MyErrors</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//let myPublisher = CurrentValueSubject&lt;String, MyErrors&gt;(&quot;100&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mySubscriber </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sink</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">receiveCompletion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {completion </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> completion </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">failure</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(MyErrors.wrongValue) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;MyErrors.wrongValue&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(completion)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">receiveValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;value: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(value)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;h&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Combine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Foundation</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyErrors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Error {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrongValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> myPublisher </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> PassthroughSubject</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, MyErrors</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//let myPublisher = CurrentValueSubject&lt;String, MyErrors&gt;(&quot;100&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mySubscriber </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sink</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">receiveCompletion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {completion </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> completion </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">failure</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(MyErrors.wrongValue) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;MyErrors.wrongValue&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(completion)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">receiveValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;value: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(value)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;h&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="onreceive" tabindex="-1">.onReceive <a class="header-anchor" href="#onreceive" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.onReceive&quot;">​</a></h3><p>SwiftUI中，View协议有一个修饰符<code>.onReceive(Publisher, perform: Closure)</code>把任何View转换成一个订阅者，来接受来自发布者的数据，SwiftUI使UI组件和Combine结合带来了扩展可能。</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentViewData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> counter: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> timePublisher </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Timer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">publish</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">every</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .main, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .common).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">autoconnect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> contentData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ContentViewData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello, world! </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">contentData</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">counter</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">onReceive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(contentData.timePublisher, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">perform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.contentData.counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.contentData.counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.contentData.timePublisher.upstream.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">connect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cancel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stop&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentViewData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> counter: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> timePublisher </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Timer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">publish</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">every</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .main, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .common).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">autoconnect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> contentData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ContentViewData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello, world! </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">contentData</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">counter</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">onReceive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(contentData.timePublisher, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">perform</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.contentData.counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.contentData.counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.contentData.timePublisher.upstream.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">connect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cancel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stop&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,93),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,u){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const C=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git "a/assets/frontend_others_SwiftUI\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2cd6fe0a.lean.js" "b/assets/frontend_others_SwiftUI\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2cd6fe0a.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..347fc782e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/frontend_others_SwiftUI\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2cd6fe0a.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"SwiftUI入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/others/SwiftUI入门.md","filePath":"frontend/others/SwiftUI入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/others/SwiftUI入门.md"},o=l("",93),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,u){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const C=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git "a/assets/frontend_others_swift\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a75c6000.js" "b/assets/frontend_others_swift\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a75c6000.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb0fa33ab
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/frontend_others_swift\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a75c6000.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"swift语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/others/swift语法.md","filePath":"frontend/others/swift语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/others/swift语法.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="swift语法" tabindex="-1">swift语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#swift语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swift语法&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>英文原版：<a href="https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/</a></p><p>中文版：<a href="https://swiftgg.gitbook.io/swift/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://swiftgg.gitbook.io/swift/</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="可选类型" tabindex="-1">可选类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#可选类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;可选类型&quot;">​</a></h2><p>*可选类型（optionals）*来处理值可能缺失的情况。可选类型实际也是一个枚举:</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> none</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(T) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> none</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(T) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="nil" tabindex="-1">nil <a class="header-anchor" href="#nil" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;nil&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如果声明一个可选常量或者变量但是没有赋值，它们会自动被设置为<code>nil</code>：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">							var hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">							var hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> surveyAnswer: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// surveyAnswer 会被自动设置为 nil -&gt; var surveyAnswer: String? = nil</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> surveyAnswer: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// surveyAnswer 会被自动设置为 nil -&gt; var surveyAnswer: String? = nil</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="强制解析" tabindex="-1">强制解析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#强制解析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;强制解析&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hello</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hello</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>等价于</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//raise an exception(crash)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//raise an exception(crash)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="可选绑定" tabindex="-1">可选绑定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#可选绑定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;可选绑定&quot;">​</a></h3><p>强制解析可能会导致异常，可以使用<code>if let</code>来安全的获取可选类型中的值</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> safehello </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(safehello)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> safehello </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(safehello)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>等价于</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>使用可选绑定时后面不能用<code>&amp;&amp;</code>,可以用<code>,</code>隔开语句</p></blockquote><h3 id="空合运算符-nil-coalescing-operator" tabindex="-1">空合运算符（Nil Coalescing Operator） <a class="header-anchor" href="#空合运算符-nil-coalescing-operator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空合运算符（Nil Coalescing Operator）&quot;">​</a></h3><p><em>空合运算符</em>（<code>a ?? b</code>）将对可选类型 <code>a</code> 进行空判断，如果 <code>a</code> 包含一个值就进行解包，否则就返回一个默认值 <code>b</code>。表达式 <code>a</code> 必须是 Optional 类型。默认值 <code>b</code> 的类型必须要和 <code>a</code> 存储值的类型保持一致。</p><p>空合运算符是对以下代码的简短表达方法：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span></code></pre></div><p>例子：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> z</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> z</span></span></code></pre></div><p>实际等价于上：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> z</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> z</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="可选链" tabindex="-1">可选链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#可选链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;可选链&quot;">​</a></h3><p><em>可选链式调用</em>是一种可以在当前值可能为 <code>nil</code> 的可选值上请求和调用属性、方法及下标的方法。如果可选值有值，那么调用就会成功；如果可选值是 <code>nil</code>，那么调用将返回 <code>nil</code>。多个调用可以连接在一起形成一个调用链，如果其中任何一个节点为 <code>nil</code>，整个调用链都会失败，即返回 <code>nil</code>。</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.bar</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.z</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.bar</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.z</span></span></code></pre></div><p>等价于</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xval)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xval.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xfooval)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xfooval.bar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xfbval)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xfbval.z</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xval)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xval.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xfooval)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xfooval.bar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xfbval)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xfbval.z</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="闭包" tabindex="-1">闭包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#闭包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;闭包&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="闭包表达式" tabindex="-1">闭包表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#闭包表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;闭包表达式&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{ (parameters) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> return_type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statements</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{ (parameters) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> return_type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statements</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="尾随闭包-trailing-closures" tabindex="-1">尾随闭包（Trailing Closures） <a class="header-anchor" href="#尾随闭包-trailing-closures" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;尾随闭包（Trailing Closures）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>尾随闭包是一个书写在函数圆括号之后的闭包表达式，函数支持将其作为最后一个参数调用。在使用尾随闭包时，不用写出它的参数标签</p><p>例如：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(modelData.categories.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">keys</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sorted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CategoryRow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">categoryName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: key, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">items</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: modelData.categories[key]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(modelData.categories.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">keys</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sorted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \\.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CategoryRow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">categoryName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: key, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">items</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: modelData.categories[key]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="多重尾随闭包-multiple-trailing-closure" tabindex="-1">多重尾随闭包（multiple trailing closure） <a class="header-anchor" href="#多重尾随闭包-multiple-trailing-closure" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多重尾随闭包（multiple trailing closure）&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SignInView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            showingProfile.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Label</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;User Profile&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;person.crop.circle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SignInView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            showingProfile.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Label</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;User Profile&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;person.crop.circle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="方法" tabindex="-1">方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方法&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="在实例方法中修改值类型" tabindex="-1">在实例方法中修改值类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在实例方法中修改值类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在实例方法中修改值类型&quot;">​</a></h3><p>结构体和枚举是<em>值类型</em>。默认情况下，值类型的属性不能在它的实例方法中被修改。</p><p>如果确实需要在某个特定的方法中修改结构体或者枚举的属性，可以为这个方法选择 <code>可变（mutating）</code></p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">mutating</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">moveBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> deltaX: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> deltaY: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> deltaX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> deltaY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> somePoint </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">somePoint.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">moveBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;The point is now at (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(somePoint.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(somePoint.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">y</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“The point is now at (3.0, 4.0)”</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">mutating</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">moveBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> deltaX: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> deltaY: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> deltaX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> deltaY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> somePoint </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">somePoint.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">moveBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;The point is now at (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(somePoint.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(somePoint.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">y</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“The point is now at (3.0, 4.0)”</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="属性" tabindex="-1">属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;属性&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="计算属性" tabindex="-1">计算属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#计算属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;计算属性&quot;">​</a></h3><p>计算属性不直接存储值，而是提供一个 getter 和一个可选的 setter，来间接获取和设置其他属性或变量的值。</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Rect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> centerX </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> centerY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: centerX, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: centerY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newCenter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newCenter.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newCenter.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> square </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Rect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">origin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> initialSquareCenter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> square.center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">square.center </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;square.origin is now at (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(square.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">origin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(square.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">origin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">y</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“square.origin is now at (10.0, 10.0)”</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Size</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Rect</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> centerX </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> centerY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: centerX, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: centerY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newCenter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newCenter.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newCenter.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> square </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Rect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">origin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> initialSquareCenter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> square.center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">square.center </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;square.origin is now at (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(square.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">origin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(square.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">origin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">y</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“square.origin is now at (10.0, 10.0)”</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="简化-setter-声明" tabindex="-1">简化 Setter 声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简化-setter-声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简化 Setter 声明&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如果计算属性的 setter 没有定义表示新值的参数名，则可以使用默认名称 <code>newValue</code>。下面是使用了简化 setter 声明的 <code>Rect</code> 结构体代码：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AlternativeRect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> centerX </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> centerY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: centerX, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: centerY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newValue.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newValue.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AlternativeRect</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> centerX </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> centerY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: centerX, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: centerY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newValue.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newValue.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="简化-getter-声明" tabindex="-1">简化 Getter 声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简化-getter-声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简化 Getter 声明&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如果整个 getter 是单一表达式，getter 会隐式地返回这个表达式结果。下面是另一个版本的 <code>Rect</code> 结构体，用到了简化的 getter 和 setter 声明：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CompactRect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newValue.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newValue.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CompactRect</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newValue.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newValue.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在 getter 中忽略 <code>return</code> 与在函数中忽略 <code>return</code> 的规则相同.</p><h4 id="只读计算属性" tabindex="-1">只读计算属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#只读计算属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;只读计算属性&quot;">​</a></h4><p>只有 getter 没有 setter 的计算属性叫<em>只读计算属性</em>。只读计算属性总是返回一个值，可以通过点运算符访问，但不能设置新的值。</p><blockquote><p>注意</p><p>必须使用 <code>var</code> 关键字定义计算属性，包括只读计算属性，因为它们的值不是固定的。<code>let</code> 关键字只用来声明常量属性，表示初始化后再也无法修改的值。</p></blockquote><p>只读计算属性的声明可以去掉 <code>get</code> 关键字和花括号：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cuboid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, depth </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> volume: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> depth</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fourByFiveByTwo </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Cuboid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">depth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;the volume of fourByFiveByTwo is </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(fourByFiveByTwo.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">volume</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“the volume of fourByFiveByTwo is 40.0”</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cuboid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, depth </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> volume: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> depth</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fourByFiveByTwo </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Cuboid</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">depth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;the volume of fourByFiveByTwo is </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(fourByFiveByTwo.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">volume</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“the volume of fourByFiveByTwo is 40.0”</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="属性观察器" tabindex="-1">属性观察器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#属性观察器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;属性观察器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>属性观察器监控和响应属性值的变化，每次属性被设置值的时候都会调用属性观察器，即使新值和当前值相同的时候也不例外。</p><p>可以在以下位置添加属性观察器：</p><ul><li>自定义的存储属性</li><li>继承的存储属性</li><li>继承的计算属性</li></ul><p>可以为属性添加其中一个或两个观察器：</p><ul><li><code>willSet</code> 在新的值被设置之前调用</li><li><code>didSet</code> 在新的值被设置之后调用</li></ul><p><code>willSet</code> 观察器会将新的属性值作为常量参数传入，在 <code>willSet</code> 的实现代码中可以为这个参数指定一个名称，如果不指定则参数仍然可用，这时使用默认名称 <code>newValue</code> 表示。</p><p>同样，<code>didSet</code> 观察器会将旧的属性值作为参数传入，可以为该参数指定一个名称或者使用默认参数名 <code>oldValue</code>。如果在 <code>didSet</code> 方法中再次对该属性赋值，那么新值会覆盖旧的值。</p><blockquote><p>在父类初始化方法调用之后，在子类构造器中给父类的属性赋值时，会调用父类属性的 <code>willSet</code> 和 <code>didSet</code> 观察器。而在父类初始化方法调用之前，给子类的属性赋值时不会调用子类属性的观察器。</p></blockquote><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StepCounter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> totalSteps: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">willSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newTotalSteps) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;将 totalSteps 的值设置为 </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(newTotalSteps)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">didSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> totalSteps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldValue  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;增加了 </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\\(totalSteps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> oldValue)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> stepCounter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">StepCounter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 200 步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">360</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 360</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 160 步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">896</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 896</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 536 步</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StepCounter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> totalSteps: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">willSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newTotalSteps) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;将 totalSteps 的值设置为 </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(newTotalSteps)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">didSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> totalSteps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldValue  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;增加了 </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\\(totalSteps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> oldValue)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> stepCounter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">StepCounter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 200 步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">360</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 360</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 160 步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">896</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 896</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 536 步</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="protocol" tabindex="-1">protocol <a class="header-anchor" href="#protocol" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;protocol&quot;">​</a></h2><p>sort of a &quot;stripped-down&quot; struct/class</p><p>有函数和变量，但是没有具体实现，类似interface, 当实现一个协议时，必须实现协议中所有的函数和变量</p><p>使用protocol来限制entension:</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">extension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Element: Hashable {</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">extension</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Array</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Element: Hashable {</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用protocol来限制函数:</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Data) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Data: Collection, Data.Element: Identifiable</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Data) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Data: Collection, Data.Element: Identifiable</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="protocol-extension" tabindex="-1">protocol extension <a class="header-anchor" href="#protocol-extension" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;protocol extension&quot;">​</a></h3><p>可以通过extension给protocol的func或var添加默认的实现</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Tesla</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Vehicle {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">extension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vehicle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  fun </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">registerWithDMV</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// actual implementation }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Tesla</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Vehicle {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">extension</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vehicle</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  fun </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">registerWithDMV</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// actual implementation }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protocol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">View</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protocol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">View</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">extension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">View</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> color: Color) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* implementation */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> font: Font</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* implementation */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">extension</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">View</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> color: Color) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* implementation */</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> font: Font</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* implementation */</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="generics-protocols" tabindex="-1">generics + protocols <a class="header-anchor" href="#generics-protocols" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;generics + protocols&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protocol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Identifiable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">associatedtype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ID</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> id: ID { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protocol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Identifiable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">associatedtype</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ID</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> id: ID { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,86),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const C=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git "a/assets/frontend_others_swift\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a75c6000.lean.js" "b/assets/frontend_others_swift\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a75c6000.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8568c37b5
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/frontend_others_swift\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.a75c6000.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"swift语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"frontend/others/swift语法.md","filePath":"frontend/others/swift语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"frontend/others/swift语法.md"},o=l("",86),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const C=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git a/assets/golang_base_GoTemplate.md.a36033f3.js b/assets/golang_base_GoTemplate.md.a36033f3.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86c729abd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/golang_base_GoTemplate.md.a36033f3.js
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"Go Template","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/base/GoTemplate.md","filePath":"golang/base/GoTemplate.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"golang/base/GoTemplate.md"},o=p(`<h1 id="go-template" tabindex="-1">Go Template <a class="header-anchor" href="#go-template" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Go Template&quot;">​</a></h1><p>Go Template是一种用于生成文本输出的模板引擎，它是Go语言标准库中内置的一部分。Go Template使用简单而强大的语法来描述要生成的最终文本的结构和内容。</p><p>Go Template的语法是基于文本插值的思想，通过在模板文件中插入占位符和控制指令来控制输出的结果。模板可以包含静态文本和动态值，并且可以使用控制指令来迭代、条件判断和执行其他逻辑操作。</p><h2 id="示例" tabindex="-1">示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;示例&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--test.html--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;Go Web&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--test.html--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#22863A;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;Go Web&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html/template</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">net/http</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tmpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(w http.ResponseWriter, r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http.Request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t1, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ParseFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">panic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t1.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(w, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	server </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> http.Server{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Addr: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;127.0.0.1:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	http.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HandleFunc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, tmpl)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	server.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ListenAndServe</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html/template</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">net/http</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tmpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(w http.ResponseWriter, r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">http.Request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t1, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ParseFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">panic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t1.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(w, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	server </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> http.Server{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Addr: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;127.0.0.1:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	http.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HandleFunc</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, tmpl)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	server.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ListenAndServe</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="和作用域" tabindex="-1"><code>.</code>和作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#和作用域" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;\`.\`和作用域&quot;">​</a></h2><p>在写template的时候，会经常用到&quot;.&quot;。</p><p>在template中，点&quot;.&quot;代表<strong>当前作用域的当前对象</strong>。它类似于java/c++的this关键字，类似于perl/python的self。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Age  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Person{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;leo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	tmpl, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Name: {{.Name}}, Age: {{.Age}}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tmpl.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(os.Stdout, p)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Name: leo, Age: 23</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Age  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Person{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;leo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	tmpl, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Name: {{.Name}}, Age: {{.Age}}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tmpl.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(os.Stdout, p)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Name: leo, Age: 23</span></span></code></pre></div><p>但是并非只有一个顶级作用域，range、with、if等内置action都有自己的本地作用域。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">os</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text/template</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Friend</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Fname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	UserName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Emails   []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Friends  []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Friend</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	f1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Friend{Fname: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xiaofang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	f2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Friend{Fname: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;wugui&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Must</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(t.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`hello {{.UserName}}!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ range .Emails }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">an email {{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ with .Friends }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- range . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">my friend name is {{.Fname}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ end }}\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Person{UserName: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Emails:  []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a1@qq.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a2@gmail.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Friends: []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Friend{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">f1, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">f2}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(os.Stdout, p)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">os</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text/template</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Friend</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Fname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	UserName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Emails   []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Friends  []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Friend</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	f1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Friend{Fname: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xiaofang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	f2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Friend{Fname: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;wugui&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Must</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(t.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`hello {{.UserName}}!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ range .Emails }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">an email {{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ with .Friends }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- range . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">my friend name is {{.Fname}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ end }}\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Person{UserName: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Emails:  []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a1@qq.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a2@gmail.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Friends: []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Friend{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">f1, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">f2}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(os.Stdout, p)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>输出：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">hello test!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">an email a1@qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">an email a2@gmail.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">my friend name is xiaofang</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">my friend name is wugui</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">hello test!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">an email a1@qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">an email a2@gmail.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">my friend name is xiaofang</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">my friend name is wugui</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="去除空白" tabindex="-1">去除空白 <a class="header-anchor" href="#去除空白" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;去除空白&quot;">​</a></h2><p>template引擎在进行替换的时候，是完全按照文本格式进行替换的。除了需要评估和替换的地方，所有的行分隔符、空格等等空白都原样保留。所以， <strong>对于要解析的内容，不要随意缩进、随意换行</strong>。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可以在\`{{&lt;/span&gt;\`符号的后面加上短横线并保留一个或多个空格&quot;- &quot;来去除它前面的空白(包括换行符、制表符、空格等)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//，即\`{{- xxxx\`。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//在\`}}\`的前面加上一个或多个空格以及一个短横线&quot;-&quot;来去除它后面的空白，即\`xxxx -}}\`。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可以在\`{{&lt;/span&gt;\`符号的后面加上短横线并保留一个或多个空格&quot;- &quot;来去除它前面的空白(包括换行符、制表符、空格等)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//，即\`{{- xxxx\`。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//在\`}}\`的前面加上一个或多个空格以及一个短横线&quot;-&quot;来去除它后面的空白，即\`xxxx -}}\`。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的例子</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">t.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`hello {{.UserName}}!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ range .Emails }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">an email {{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ with .Friends }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- range . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">my friend name is {{.Fname}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ end }}\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">t.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">\`hello {{.UserName}}!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ range .Emails }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">an email {{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ with .Friends }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- range . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">my friend name is {{.Fname}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ end }}\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注意，上面没有进行缩进。因为缩进的制表符或空格在替换的时候会保留。</p><h2 id="注释" tabindex="-1">注释 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注释" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注释&quot;">​</a></h2><p>注释方式：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment */</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注释后的内容不会被引擎进行替换。但需要注意，注释行在替换的时候也会占用行，所以应该去除前缀和后缀空白，否则会多一空行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注意，应该只去除前缀或后缀空白，不要同时都去除，否则会破坏原有的格式。</p><h2 id="管道pipeline" tabindex="-1">管道pipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#管道pipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;管道pipeline&quot;">​</a></h2><p>pipeline是指产生数据的操作。</p><p>可以使用管道符号<code>|</code>链接多个命令，用法和unix下的管道类似：<code>|</code>前面的命令将运算结果(或返回值)传递给后一个命令的最后一个位置。</p><p>例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{.}} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;abcd&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{.}} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;abcd&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>命令可以有超过1个的返回值，这时第二个返回值必须为err类型。</p><p>需要注意的是，并非只有使用了<code>|</code>才是pipeline。Go template中，pipeline的概念是传递数据，只要能产生数据的，都是pipeline。这使得某些操作可以作为另一些操作内部的表达式先运行得到结果，就像是Unix下的命令替换一样。</p><p>例如，下面的<code>(len &quot;output&quot;)</code>是pipeline，它整体先运行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{println (len </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{println (len </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>下面是Pipeline的几种示例，它们都输出<code>&quot;output&quot;</code>：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`&quot;output&quot;\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%q</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%q</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%q</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (print </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;put&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;put&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%q</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%q</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`&quot;output&quot;\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%q</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%q</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%q</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (print </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;put&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;put&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%q</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%q</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="变量" tabindex="-1">变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以在template中定义变量：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 未定义过的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> :</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 已定义过的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = pipeline</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 未定义过的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">$</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> :</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 已定义过的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">$</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = pipeline</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $how_long </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(len </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> println $how_long}}   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 输出6</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $how_long </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(len </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> println $how_long}}   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 输出6</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Must</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hh&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`{{range $x := . -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{$y := 333}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- if (gt $x 33)}}{{println $x $y ($z := 444)}}{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">22</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">33</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">44</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">55</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tx.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(os.Stdout, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//44 333 444</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//55 333 444</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Must</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hh&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">\`{{range $x := . -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{$y := 333}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- if (gt $x 33)}}{{println $x $y ($z := 444)}}{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">22</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">33</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">44</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">55</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tx.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(os.Stdout, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//44 333 444</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//55 333 444</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的示例中，使用range迭代slice，每个元素都被赋值给变量<code>$x</code>，每次迭代过程中，都新设置一个变量<code>$y</code> ，在内层嵌套的if结构中，可以使用这个两个外层的变量。在if的条件表达式中，使用了一个内置的比较函数gt，如果<code>$x</code> 大于33，则为true。在println的参数中还定义了一个<code>$z</code>，之所以能定义，是因为<code>($z := 444)</code>的过程是一个Pipeline，可以先运行。</p><p>需要注意三点：</p><ol><li><strong>变量有作用域，只要出现end，则当前层次的作用域结束。内层可以访问外层变量，但外层不能访问内层变量</strong>。</li><li><strong>有一个特殊变量<code>$</code>，它代表模板的最顶级作用域对象(通俗地理解，是以模板为全局作用域的全局变量)，在Execute() 执行的时候进行赋值，且一直不变</strong>。例如上面的示例中，<code>$ = [11 22 33 44 55]</code>。再例如，define定义了一个模板t1，则t1中的<code>$</code> 作用域只属于这个t1。</li><li><strong>变量不可在模板之间继承</strong>。普通变量可能比较容易理解，但对于特殊变量&quot;.&quot;和&quot;$&quot;，比较容易搞混。见下面的例子。</li></ol><h2 id="条件判断" tabindex="-1">条件判断 <a class="header-anchor" href="#条件判断" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;条件判断&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T0 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T0 {{end}}{{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T0 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T0 {{end}}{{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>需要注意的是，pipeline为false的情况是各种数据对象的0值：数值0，指针或接口是nil，数组、slice、map或string则是len为0。</p><h2 id="range-end迭代" tabindex="-1">range...end迭代 <a class="header-anchor" href="#range-end迭代" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;range...end迭代&quot;">​</a></h2><p>有两种迭代表达式</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>range可以迭代slice、数组、map或channel。迭代的时候，会设置&quot;.&quot;为当前正在迭代的元素。</p><p>对于第一个表达式，当迭代对象的值为0值时，则range直接跳过，就像if一样。对于第二个表达式，则在迭代到0值时执行else语句。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Must</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hh&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`{{range $x := . -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{println $x}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">22</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">33</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">44</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">55</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tx.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(os.Stdout, s)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Must</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hh&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">\`{{range $x := . -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{println $x}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">22</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">33</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">44</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">55</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tx.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(os.Stdout, s)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>需注意的是，range的参数部分是pipeline，所以在迭代的过程中是可以进行赋值的。但有两种赋值情况：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $key,$value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $key,$value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果range中只赋值给一个变量，则这个变量是当前正在迭代元素的值。如果赋值给两个变量，则第一个变量是索引值( map/slice是数值，map是key)，第二个变量是当前正在迭代元素的值。</p><h2 id="with-end" tabindex="-1">with...end <a class="header-anchor" href="#with-end" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;with...end&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>with用来设置&quot;.&quot;的值</strong>。两种格式：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{with pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{with pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{with pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{with pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>对于第一种格式，当pipeline不为0值的时候，点&quot;.&quot; 设置为pipeline运算的值，否则跳过。对于第二种格式，当pipeline为0值时，执行else语句块，否则&quot;.&quot;设置为pipeline运算的值，并执行T1。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{with </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}{{println .}}{{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{with </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}{{println .}}{{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面将输出<code>xx</code>，因为&quot;.&quot;已经设置为&quot;xx&quot;。</p><h2 id="内置函数和自定义函数" tabindex="-1">内置函数和自定义函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内置函数和自定义函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内置函数和自定义函数&quot;">​</a></h2><p>template定义了一些内置函数，也支持自定义函数</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">and</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    返回第一个为空的参数或最后一个参数。可以有任意多个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    and x y等价于if x then y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">not</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    布尔取反。只能一个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">or</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    返回第一个不为空的参数或最后一个参数。可以有任意多个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;or x y&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">等价于</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;if x then x else y&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">printf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">println</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    分别等价于fmt包中的Sprint、Sprintf、Sprintln</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">len</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    返回参数的length。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">index</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    对可索引对象进行索引取值。第一个参数是索引对象，后面的参数是索引位。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index x 1 2 3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">代表的是x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    可索引对象包括map、slice、array。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">call</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    显式调用函数。第一个参数必须是函数类型，且不是template中的函数，而是外部函数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    例如一个struct中的某个字段是func类型的。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;call .X.Y 1 2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">表示调用dot.X.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)，Y必须是func类型，函数参数是1和2。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    函数必须只能有一个或2个返回值，如果有第二个返回值，则必须为error类型。</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">and</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    返回第一个为空的参数或最后一个参数。可以有任意多个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    and x y等价于if x then y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">not</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    布尔取反。只能一个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">or</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    返回第一个不为空的参数或最后一个参数。可以有任意多个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;or x y&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">等价于</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;if x then x else y&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">printf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">println</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    分别等价于fmt包中的Sprint、Sprintf、Sprintln</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">len</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    返回参数的length。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">index</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    对可索引对象进行索引取值。第一个参数是索引对象，后面的参数是索引位。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index x 1 2 3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">代表的是x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    可索引对象包括map、slice、array。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">call</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    显式调用函数。第一个参数必须是函数类型，且不是template中的函数，而是外部函数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    例如一个struct中的某个字段是func类型的。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;call .X.Y 1 2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">表示调用dot.X.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)，Y必须是func类型，函数参数是1和2。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    函数必须只能有一个或2个返回值，如果有第二个返回值，则必须为error类型。</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">eq arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ne arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lt arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">le arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gt arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ge arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">eq arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ne arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">lt arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">le arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">gt arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ge arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span></code></pre></div><p>对于eq函数，支持多个参数,它们都和第一个参数arg1进行比较。它等价于：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">eq arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">eq arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">arg1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;">arg2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;">arg3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;">arg4</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="嵌套template-define和template" tabindex="-1">嵌套template：define和template <a class="header-anchor" href="#嵌套template-define和template" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;嵌套template：define和template&quot;">​</a></h2><p>define可以直接在待解析内容中定义一个模板，这个模板会加入到common结构组中，并关联到关联名称上。</p><p>定义了模板之后，可以使用template这个action来执行模板。template有两种格式：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{template </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{template </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{template </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{template </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>第一种是直接执行名为name的template，点设置为nil。第二种是点&quot;.&quot;设置为pipeline的值，并执行名为name的template。可以将template看作是函数：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">template(&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,pipeline)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">template(&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,pipeline)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	tmpl, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> t1.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`{{- define &quot;T1&quot;}}ONE {{println .}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- define &quot;T2&quot;}}TWO {{println .}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- define &quot;T3&quot;}}{{template &quot;T1&quot;}}{{template &quot;T2&quot; &quot;haha&quot;}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- template &quot;T3&quot; -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tmpl.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(os.Stdout, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ONE &lt;nil&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//TWO haha</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	tmpl, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> t1.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">\`{{- define &quot;T1&quot;}}ONE {{println .}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- define &quot;T2&quot;}}TWO {{println .}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- define &quot;T3&quot;}}{{template &quot;T1&quot;}}{{template &quot;T2&quot; &quot;haha&quot;}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- template &quot;T3&quot; -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tmpl.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(os.Stdout, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ONE &lt;nil&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//TWO haha</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="block块" tabindex="-1">block块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#block块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;block块&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{block </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	A block is shorthand </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defining a template</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		{{define </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	and then executing it in place</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		{{template </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	The typical use is to define a set of root templates that are</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	then customized by redefining the block templates within.</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{block </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	A block is shorthand </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defining a template</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		{{define </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	and then executing it in place</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		{{template </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	The typical use is to define a set of root templates that are</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	then customized by redefining the block templates within.</span></span></code></pre></div><p>根据官方文档的解释：block等价于define定义一个名为name的模板，并在&quot;有需要&quot;的地方执行这个模板，执行时将&quot;.&quot;设置为pipeline的值。</p><p>但应该注意，**block的第一个动作是执行名为name的模板，如果不存在，则在此处自动定义这个模板，并执行这个临时定义的模板。换句话说，block可以认为是设置一个默认模板 **。</p><p>例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{block </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;T1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .}} one {{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{block </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;T1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .}} one {{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>它首先找到T1模板，如果T1存在，则执行找到的T1，如果没找到T1，则临时定义一个，并执行它。</p><h2 id="不转义" tabindex="-1">不转义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不转义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不转义&quot;">​</a></h2><p>上下文感知的自动转义能让程序更加安全，比如防止XSS攻击(例如在表单中输入带有<code>&lt;script&gt;...&lt;/script&gt;</code> 的内容并提交，会使得用户提交的这部分script被执行)。</p><p>如果确实不想转义，可以进行类型转换。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CSS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HTML</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">URL</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CSS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HTML</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">URL</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(w http.ResponseWriter, r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http.Request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ParseFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tmpl.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(w, template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">FormValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;comment&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(w http.ResponseWriter, r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">http.Request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ParseFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tmpl.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(w, template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">FormValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;comment&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,88),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const g=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git a/assets/golang_base_GoTemplate.md.a36033f3.lean.js b/assets/golang_base_GoTemplate.md.a36033f3.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..779f65554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/golang_base_GoTemplate.md.a36033f3.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"Go Template","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/base/GoTemplate.md","filePath":"golang/base/GoTemplate.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"golang/base/GoTemplate.md"},o=p("",88),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const g=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/golang_base_golang\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.34f0e37a.js" "b/assets/golang_base_golang\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.34f0e37a.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b45747c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/golang_base_golang\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.34f0e37a.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,5003 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"Golang基础语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/base/golang基础语法.md","filePath":"golang/base/golang基础语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"golang/base/golang基础语法.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="golang基础语法" tabindex="-1">Golang基础语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#golang基础语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Golang基础语法&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="第一个go程序" tabindex="-1">第一个Go程序 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一个go程序" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一个Go程序&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello, World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello, World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="关键字" tabindex="-1">关键字 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关键字" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关键字&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><code>package</code>：定义当前源码文件所属的包。</li><li><code>import</code>：导入其他包。</li><li><code>func</code>：定义函数。</li><li><code>var</code>：声明变量。</li><li><code>const</code>：声明常量。</li><li><code>type</code>：定义类型。</li><li><code>struct</code>：定义结构体。</li><li><code>interface</code>：定义接口。</li><li><code>map</code>：定义映射类型。</li><li><code>range</code>：用于循环迭代。</li><li><code>select</code>：用于通道操作。</li><li><code>defer</code>：延迟执行。</li><li><code>go</code>：启动一个新的 goroutine。</li><li><code>chan</code>：定义通道类型。</li><li><code>default</code>：select 语句中的默认情况。</li><li><code>fallthrough</code>：在 switch 语句中贯穿到下一个 case。</li><li><code>if</code>：条件语句。</li><li><code>else</code>：if 语句中的默认情况。</li><li><code>switch</code>：多分支条件语句。</li><li><code>case</code>：switch 语句中的分支情况。</li><li><code>for</code>：循环语句。</li><li><code>break</code>：跳出循环或 switch 语句。</li><li><code>continue</code>：结束当前循环，开始下一次循环。</li><li><code>return</code>：返回函数结果。</li><li><code>panic</code>：抛出异常。</li></ul><h2 id="变量与常量" tabindex="-1">变量与常量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量与常量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量与常量&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="变量" tabindex="-1">变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="声明变量不赋值" tabindex="-1">声明变量不赋值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明变量不赋值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明变量不赋值&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>整型、浮点型变量的默认值为0和0.0</li><li>字符串变量的默认值为空字符串</li><li>布尔类型变量默认为false</li><li>切片、函数、指针变量的默认为nil</li></ul><h4 id="声明变量并初始化" tabindex="-1">声明变量并初始化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明变量并初始化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明变量并初始化&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b = hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b的类型是string</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b = hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b的类型是string</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="声明变量省略类型" tabindex="-1">声明变量省略类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明变量省略类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明变量省略类型&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b = hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b的类型是string</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b = hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b的类型是string</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="短声明-只能在函数内" tabindex="-1">短声明（只能在函数内） <a class="header-anchor" href="#短声明-只能在函数内" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;短声明（只能在函数内）&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, c的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, c, c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// c = 1, c的类型是string</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, c的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, c, c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// c = 1, c的类型是string</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="多变量声明" tabindex="-1">多变量声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多变量声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多变量声明&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xx, yy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kk, wx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;666</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    var (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        nn int = 100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        mm bool = true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xx, yy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kk, wx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;666</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    var (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        nn int = 100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        mm bool = true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="匿名变量" tabindex="-1">匿名变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名变量&quot;">​</a></h4><p>匿名变量：下划线<code>_</code>，本身就是一个特殊的标识符。可以像其他标识符那样用于变量的声明，任何类型都可以赋值给它，<strong>但任何赋值给这个标识符的值都将被抛弃</strong>，因此这些值不能在后续的代码中使用。</p><h4 id="变量交换" tabindex="-1">变量交换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量交换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量交换&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p>和其他静态类型语言不同，可以直接交换变量（python也有这个语法）</p></blockquote><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	a, b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b, a</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 200 100</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	a, b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b, a</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 200 100</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="常量" tabindex="-1">常量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常量&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 常量(只读属性)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> length int </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// length = 100  // 常量是不允许被修改的</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;length = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 常量(只读属性)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> length int </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// length = 100  // 常量是不允许被修改的</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;length = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="使用常量定义枚举类型" tabindex="-1">使用常量定义枚举类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用常量定义枚举类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用常量定义枚举类型&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// const来定义枚举类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    BEIJING </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    SHANGHAI </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    SHENZHEN </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BEIJING = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, BEIJING)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;SHANGHAI = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, SHANGHAI)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;SHENZHEN = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, SHENZHEN)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// const来定义枚举类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    BEIJING </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    SHANGHAI </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    SHENZHEN </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BEIJING = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, BEIJING)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;SHANGHAI = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, SHANGHAI)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;SHENZHEN = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, SHENZHEN)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="iota常量计数器" tabindex="-1">iota常量计数器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iota常量计数器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iota常量计数器&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>iota</code> 是一个常量生成器，用于生成一组相关的枚举值。<code>iota</code> 可以与 <code>const</code> 关键字一起使用，在定义一组枚举时，用来生成连续的值。const 中每新增一行常量声明将使 iota 计数一次(iota 可理解为 const 语句块中的行索引)</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// iota 初始值为 0，每当出现一个新的常量声明时，它的值就会自动加 1，因此 Monday 的值为 1，Tuesday 的值为 2，以此类推。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Sunday </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iota</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Monday        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Tuesday       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Wednesday     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Thursday      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Friday        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Saturday      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 在下面的例子中，B 被显式赋值为 3.14，因此接下来的 C 的值为 iota + 1，即 2，而 D 的值也是 iota + 1，所以它的值为 3。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    A </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iota</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    B </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    C </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iota</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    D        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// iota 初始值为 0，每当出现一个新的常量声明时，它的值就会自动加 1，因此 Monday 的值为 1，Tuesday 的值为 2，以此类推。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Sunday </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iota</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Monday        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Tuesday       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Wednesday     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Thursday      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Friday        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Saturday      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 在下面的例子中，B 被显式赋值为 3.14，因此接下来的 C 的值为 iota + 1，即 2，而 D 的值也是 iota + 1，所以它的值为 3。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    A </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iota</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    B </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    C </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iota</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    D        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义递增的步长</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    BEIJING </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iota</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    SHANGHAI</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    SHENZHEN</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BEIJING = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, BEIJING)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;SHANGHAI = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, SHANGHAI)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;SHENZHEN = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, SHENZHEN)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义递增的步长</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    BEIJING </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iota</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    SHANGHAI</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    SHENZHEN</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BEIJING = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, BEIJING)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;SHANGHAI = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, SHANGHAI)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;SHENZHEN = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, SHENZHEN)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="基本数据类型" tabindex="-1">基本数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本数据类型&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="整型" tabindex="-1">整型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#整型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;整型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>int8：有符号 8 位整数类型，取值范围为 -128 到 127。</li><li>uint8（或 byte）：无符号 8 位整数类型，取值范围为 0 到 255。</li><li>int16：有符号 16 位整数类型，取值范围为 -32768 到 32767。</li><li>uint16：无符号 16 位整数类型，取值范围为 0 到 65535。</li><li>int32（或 rune）：有符号 32 位整数类型，取值范围为 -2147483648 到 2147483647。</li><li>uint32：无符号 32 位整数类型，取值范围为 0 到 4294967295。</li><li>int64：有符号 64 位整数类型，取值范围为 -9223372036854775808 到 9223372036854775807。</li><li>uint64：无符号 64 位整数类型，取值范围为 0 到 18446744073709551615。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">math</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">unsafe</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 有符号整型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num8 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">127</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num16 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">32767</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num32 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxInt32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num64 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxInt64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxInt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num8的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num8的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num8是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num8, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num8), num8)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num16的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num16的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num16是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num16, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num16), num16)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num32的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num32的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num32是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num32, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num32), num32)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num64的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num64的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num64是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num64, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num64), num64)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num), num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 无符号整型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">unsignedInteger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num8 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">128</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num16 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">32768</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num32 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxUint32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num64 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxUint64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxUint</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num8的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num8的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num8是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num8, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num8), num8)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num16的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num16的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num16是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num16, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num16), num16)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num32的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num32的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num32是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num32, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num32), num32)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num64的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num64的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num64是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num64, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num64), num64)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num), num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;---------------------------------------&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">unsignedInteger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">math</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">unsafe</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 有符号整型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num8 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int8</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">127</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num16 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">32767</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num32 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxInt32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num64 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxInt64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxInt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num8的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num8的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num8是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num8, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num8), num8)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num16的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num16的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num16是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num16, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num16), num16)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num32的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num32的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num32是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num32, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num32), num32)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num64的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num64的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num64是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num64, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num64), num64)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num), num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 无符号整型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">unsignedInteger</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num8 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint8</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">128</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num16 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">32768</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num32 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxUint32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num64 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxUint64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxUint</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num8的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num8的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num8是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num8, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num8), num8)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num16的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num16的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num16是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num16, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num16), num16)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num32的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num32的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num32是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num32, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num32), num32)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num64的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num64的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num64是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num64, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num64), num64)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num), num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;---------------------------------------&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">unsignedInteger</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><ul><li>除非对整型的大小有特定的需求，否则你通常应该使用 <code>int</code> 表示整型宽度，在 <code>32</code> 位系统下是 <code>32</code> 位，而在 <code>64</code> 位系统下是 <code>64</code> 位。表示范围：在 <code>32</code> 位系统下是 <code>-2147483648</code> ~ <code>2147483647</code> ，而在 <code>64</code> 位系统是 <code>-9223372036854775808</code> ~ <code>9223372036854775807</code> 。</li><li>对于 <code>int8</code> ， <code>int16</code> 等这些类型后面有跟一个数值的类型来说，它们能表示的数值个数是固定的。所以，在有的时候：例如在二进制传输、读写文件的结构描述(为了保持文件的结构不会受到不同编译目标平台字节长度的影响)等情况下，使用更加精确的 <code>int32</code> 和 <code>int64</code> 是更好的。</li></ul></div><h3 id="浮点型" tabindex="-1">浮点型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#浮点型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;浮点型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>float32</code> 类型的变量占用 4 个字节的内存，可以表示的数值范围为±1.401298464324817e-45 到±3.4028234663852886e+38，精度约为 7 个十进制位。</p></li><li><p><code>float64</code> 类型的变量占用 8 个字节的内存， 可以表示的数值范围为±4.9406564584124654e-324 到±1.7976931348623157e+308，精度约为 15 个十进制位。</p></li></ul><p>Go 语言中的浮点数默认为 <code>float64</code> 类型，如果需要使用 <code>float32</code> 类型，需要显式声明。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">math</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showFloat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxFloat32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxFloat64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num1的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,num1是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%g\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, num1, num1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num2的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,num1是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%g\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, num2, num2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showFloat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//num1的类型是float32,num1是3.4028235e+38</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//num2的类型是float64,num1是1.7976931348623157e+308</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">math</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showFloat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxFloat32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxFloat64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num1的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,num1是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%g\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, num1, num1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num2的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,num1是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%g\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, num2, num2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showFloat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//num1的类型是float32,num1是3.4028235e+38</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//num2的类型是float64,num1是1.7976931348623157e+308</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="字符" tabindex="-1">字符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字符&quot;">​</a></h3><p>字符串中的每一个元素叫作“字符”，定义字符时使用单引号。Go 语言的字符有两种。</p><ul><li><code>byte</code>类型，占用1个字节，表示 UTF-8 字符串的单个字节的值，表示的是 ASCII 码表中的一个字符，uint8 的别名类型</li><li><code>rune</code>类型，占用4个字节，表示单个 unicode 字符，int32 的别名类型</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">unsafe</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showChar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	z </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// x = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// y = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;z = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, z) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// z = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sizeOfChar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x 占用 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 个字节</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">rune</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y 占用 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 个字节</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(y))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showChar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sizeOfChar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">unsafe</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showChar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint8</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	z </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// x = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// y = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;z = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, z) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// z = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sizeOfChar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x 占用 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 个字节</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rune</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y 占用 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 个字节</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(y))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showChar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sizeOfChar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="字符串" tabindex="-1">字符串 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字符串" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字符串&quot;">​</a></h3><p>字符串在Go语言中是基本数据类型。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> study </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	 		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义名为str的字符串类型变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">study </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《123》&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将变量赋值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">study2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《789》&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 以自动推断方式初始化</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> study </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  	 		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义名为str的字符串类型变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">study </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《123》&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将变量赋值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">study2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《789》&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 以自动推断方式初始化</span></span></code></pre></div><p>定义多行字符串的方法如下。</p><ul><li>双引号书写字符串被称为字符串字面量（string literal），这种字面量不能跨行。</li><li>多行字符串需要使用反引号“\`”，多用于内嵌源码和内嵌数据。</li><li>在反引号中的所有代码不会被编译器识别，而只是作为字符串的一部分。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    		study := &#39;Go语言&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    		fmt.Println(study)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">			\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    		study := &#39;Go语言&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    		fmt.Println(study)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">			\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="布尔" tabindex="-1">布尔 <a class="header-anchor" href="#布尔" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;布尔&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showBool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a=&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b=&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true &amp;&amp; false = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true || false = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showBool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showBool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a=&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b=&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true &amp;&amp; false = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true || false = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showBool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="复数" tabindex="-1">复数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#复数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;复数&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th>类 型</th><th>字 节 数</th><th>说 明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>complex64</td><td>8</td><td>64 位的复数型，由 float32 类型的实部和虚部联合表示</td></tr><tr><td>complex128</td><td>16</td><td>128 位的复数型，由 float64 类型的实部和虚部联合表示</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showComplex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 内置的 complex 函数用于构建复数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">complex64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">complex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">complex128</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">complex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> z </span><span style="color:#F97583;">complex128</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">complex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;z = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, z)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 内建的 real 和 imag 函数分别返回复数的实部和虚部</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;real(x) = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">real</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;imag(x) = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">imag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y * z = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">z)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showComplex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showComplex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 内置的 complex 函数用于构建复数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">complex64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">complex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">complex128</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">complex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> z </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">complex128</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">complex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;z = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, z)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 内建的 real 和 imag 函数分别返回复数的实部和虚部</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;real(x) = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">real</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;imag(x) = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">imag</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y * z = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">z)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showComplex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>同样可以用自然方式表示复数</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">z </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#F97583;">i</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">z </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">i</span></span></code></pre></div></div><h3 id="fmt格式化输出" tabindex="-1">fmt格式化输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#fmt格式化输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;fmt格式化输出&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th><strong>格式</strong></th><th><strong>含义</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>%%</td><td>一个%字面量</td></tr><tr><td>%b</td><td>一个二进制整数值(基数为 2)，或者是一个(高级的)用科学计数法表示的指数为 2 的浮点数</td></tr><tr><td>%c</td><td>字符型。可以把输入的数字按照 ASCII 码相应转换为对应的字符</td></tr><tr><td>%d</td><td>一个十进制数值(基数为 10)</td></tr><tr><td>%f</td><td>以标准记数法表示的浮点数或者复数值</td></tr><tr><td>%o</td><td>一个以八进制表示的数字(基数为 8)</td></tr><tr><td>%p</td><td>以十六进制(基数为 16)表示的一个值的地址，前缀为 0x,字母使用小写的 a-f 表示</td></tr><tr><td>%q</td><td>使用 Go 语法以及必须时使用转义，以双引号括起来的字符串或者字节切片[]byte，或者是以单引号括起来的数字</td></tr><tr><td>%s</td><td>字符串。输出字符串中的字符直至字符串中的空字符（字符串以’\\0‘结尾，这个’\\0’即空字符）</td></tr><tr><td>%t</td><td>以 true 或者 false 输出的布尔值</td></tr><tr><td>%T</td><td>使用 Go 语法输出的值的类型</td></tr><tr><td>%x</td><td>以十六进制表示的整型值(基数为十六)，数字 a-f 使用小写表示</td></tr><tr><td>%X</td><td>以十六进制表示的整型值(基数为十六)，数字 A-F 使用小写表示</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li><p>fmt.Print: 将指定的内容打印到标准输出，不换行。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Println: 将指定的内容打印到标准输出，并在末尾添加换行符。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Printf: 根据格式字符串将指定的内容格式化后打印到标准输出。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Sprintf: 根据格式字符串将指定的内容格式化后返回一个格式化的字符串。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Scan: 从标准输入读取内容，并将其存储到指定的变量中。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Scanln: 从标准输入按空格分隔读取内容，并将其存储到指定的变量中，遇到换行符停止。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Scanf: 根据格式字符串从标准输入读取内容，并将其按指定的格式存储到指定的变量中。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Errorf: 根据格式字符串创建一个新的错误。</p></li></ul><h2 id="运算符" tabindex="-1">运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;运算符&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="算数运算符" tabindex="-1">算数运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#算数运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;算数运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>+</code>、<code>-</code>、<code>*</code>、<code>/</code>、<code>%</code>、<code>++</code>、<code>--</code></p><h3 id="关系运算符" tabindex="-1">关系运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关系运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关系运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>==</code>、<code>!=</code>、<code>&gt;</code>、<code>&lt;</code>、<code>&gt;=</code>、<code>&lt;=</code></p><h3 id="逻辑运算符" tabindex="-1">逻辑运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#逻辑运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;逻辑运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>&amp;&amp;</code>、<code>||</code>、<code>!</code></p><h3 id="位运算符" tabindex="-1">位运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#位运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;位运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>&amp;</code>、<code>|</code>、<code>^</code>、<code>&lt;&lt;</code>、<code>&gt;&gt;</code></p><h2 id="容器类型" tabindex="-1">容器类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#容器类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;容器类型&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="数组" tabindex="-1">数组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Go 中的数组是值类型而不是引用类型。当数组赋值给一个新的变量时，该变量会得到一个原始数组的一个副本。如果对新变量进行更改，不会影响原始数组。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">arrByValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	arr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	copy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	copy[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arr)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(copy)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">arrByValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	arr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	copy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	copy[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arr)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(copy)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="声明" tabindex="-1">声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>var variable_name [SIZE]variable_type</code></p><h4 id="初始化" tabindex="-1">初始化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#初始化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;初始化&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>var balance = [5]float32{1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0}</code></li><li><code>balance := [5]float32{1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0}</code></li></ul><p>如果数组长度不确定，可以使用 <strong>...</strong> 代替数组的长度，编译器会根据元素个数自行推断数组的长度：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">或</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">或</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果设置了数组的长度，我们还可以通过指定下标来初始化元素：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//  将索引为 1 和 3 的元素初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//  将索引为 1 和 3 的元素初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>初始化数组中 <strong>{}</strong> 中的元素个数不能大于 <strong>[]</strong> 中的数字。</p><p>如果忽略 <strong>[]</strong> 中的数字不设置数组大小，Go 语言会根据元素的个数来设置数组的大小：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">balance[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50.0</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">balance[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50.0</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="访问" tabindex="-1">访问 <a class="header-anchor" href="#访问" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;访问&quot;">​</a></h4><p>数组元素可以通过索引（位置）来读取。格式为数组名后加中括号，中括号中为索引的值。例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> salary </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> balance[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> salary </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> balance[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="数组长度" tabindex="-1">数组长度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组长度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组长度&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>len(arr)</code></p><h4 id="数组遍历" tabindex="-1">数组遍历 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组遍历" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组遍历&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用<code>for range循环</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showArr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	arr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index, value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arr[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">]=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, index, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;value=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showArr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	arr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index, value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arr[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">]=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, index, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;value=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="切片slice" tabindex="-1">切片Slice <a class="header-anchor" href="#切片slice" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切片Slice&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Go 语言切片是对数组的抽象。</p><p>Go 数组的长度不可改变，在特定场景中这样的集合就不太适用，Go 中提供了一种灵活，功能强悍的内置类型切片(&quot;动态数组&quot;)，与数组相比切片的长度是不固定的，可以追加元素，在追加时可能使切片的容量增大。</p><h4 id="定义切片" tabindex="-1">定义切片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定义切片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定义切片&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> identifier []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> identifier []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span></span></code></pre></div><p>切片不需要说明长度。</p><p>或使用 <strong>make()</strong> 函数来创建切片:</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> slice1 []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]type, len)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">也可以简写为</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">slice1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]type, len)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> slice1 []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]type, len)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">也可以简写为</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">slice1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]type, len)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>也可以指定容量，其中 <strong>capacity</strong> 为可选参数。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]T, length, capacity)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]T, length, capacity)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里 len 是数组的长度并且也是切片的初始长度。</p><h4 id="切片初始化" tabindex="-1">切片初始化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切片初始化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切片初始化&quot;">​</a></h4><p>直接初始化切片，<strong>[]</strong> 表示是切片类型，<strong>{1,2,3}</strong> 初始化值依次是 <strong>1,2,3</strong>，其 <strong>cap=len=3</strong>。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span></code></pre></div><p>初始化切片 <strong>s</strong>，是数组 arr 的引用。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr[:]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr[:]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>将 arr 中从下标 startIndex 到 endIndex-1 下的元素创建为一个新的切片。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr[startIndex:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr[startIndex:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>默认 endIndex 时将表示一直到arr的最后一个元素。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr[startIndex:]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr[startIndex:]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>默认 startIndex 时将表示从 arr 的第一个元素开始。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr[:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr[:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>通过切片 s 初始化切片 s1。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s[startIndex:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s[startIndex:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>通过内置函数 <strong>make()</strong> 初始化切片<strong>s</strong>，<strong>[]int</strong> 标识为其元素类型为 int 的切片。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,len,cap)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,len,cap)</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p><code>make([]T, length, capacity)</code> 用于创建一个指定类型 <code>T</code>、长度为 <code>length</code>、容量为 <code>capacity</code> 的切片。其中，<code>length</code> 表示切片的实际长度，而 <code>capacity</code> 则表示切片底层数组的容量。</p><p>切片的容量可以理解为底层数组能够容纳的元素数量。当切片的容量不足以容纳新添加的元素时，Go 会自动将底层数组扩展一倍，并将原有的元素复制到新的数组中。因此，在预先分配足够容量的情况下，可以避免频繁的内存分配和数据复制操作，提高代码的性能。</p><p>需要注意的是，<code>capacity</code> 参数不能小于 <code>length</code> 参数。如果 <code>capacity</code> 小于 <code>length</code>，则会抛出一个运行时异常。</p></blockquote><ul><li>由于 slice 是引用类型，所以你不对它进行赋值的话，它的默认值是 <code>nil</code></li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> numList []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(numList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> numList []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(numList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>切片之间不能比较，因此我们不能使用 <code>==</code> 操作符来判断两个 slice 是否含有全部相等元素。特别注意，如果你需要测试一个 slice 是否是空的，使用 <code>len(s) == 0</code> 来判断，而不应该用 <code>s == nil</code> 来判断。</li></ul><h4 id="切片的长度和容量" tabindex="-1">切片的长度和容量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切片的长度和容量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切片的长度和容量&quot;">​</a></h4><p>一个 slice 由三个部分构成：<strong>指针</strong> 、 <strong>长度</strong> 和 <strong>容量</strong> 。指针指向第一个 slice 元素对应的底层数组元素的地址，要注意的是 slice 的第一个元素并不一定就是数组的第一个元素。长度对应 slice 中元素的数目；长度不能超过容量，容量一般是从 slice 的开始位置到底层数据的结尾位置。简单的讲，容量就是从创建切片索引开始的底层数组中的元素个数，而长度是切片中的元素个数。</p><p>内置的 <code>len</code> 和 <code>cap</code> 函数分别返回 slice 的长度和容量。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="切片元素修改" tabindex="-1">切片元素修改 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切片元素修改" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切片元素修改&quot;">​</a></h4><p>切片自己不拥有任何数据。它只是底层数组的一种表示。对切片所做的任何修改都会反映在底层数组中。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">modifySlice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr[:] </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//[0:len(arr)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arr) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arr) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">modifySlice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr[:] </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//[0:len(arr)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arr) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arr) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里的 <code>arr[:]</code> 没有填入起始值和结束值，默认就是 <code>0</code> 和 <code>len(arr)</code> 。</p><h4 id="追加切片元素" tabindex="-1">追加切片元素 <a class="header-anchor" href="#追加切片元素" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;追加切片元素&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用 <code>append</code> 可以将新元素追加到切片上。<code>append</code> 函数的定义是 <code>func append(slice []Type, elems ...Type) []Type</code> 。其中 <code>elems ...Type</code> 在函数定义中表示该函数接受参数 <code>elems</code> 的个数是可变的。这些类型的函数被称为可变参数。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">appendSliceData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;567&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s, []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">appendSliceData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;567&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s, []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当新的元素被添加到切片时，如果容量不足，会创建一个新的数组。现有数组的元素被复制到这个新数组中，并返回新的引用。现在新切片的容量是旧切片的两倍。</p><h4 id="多维切片" tabindex="-1">多维切片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多维切片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多维切片&quot;">​</a></h4><p>类似于数组，切片也可以有多个维度。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mSlice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	numList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [][]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(numList)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mSlice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	numList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [][]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(numList)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="map" tabindex="-1">Map <a class="header-anchor" href="#map" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Map&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在 Go 语言中，map 是散列表(哈希表)的引用。它是一个拥有键值对元素的<strong>无序集合</strong>，在这个集合中，键是唯一的，可以通过键来获取、更新或移除操作。无论这个散列表有多大，这些操作基本上是通过常量时间完成的。所有可比较的类型，如 <code>整型</code> ，<code>字符串</code> 等，都可以作为 <code>key</code> 。</p><h4 id="创建map" tabindex="-1">创建Map <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建map" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建Map&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用 <code>make</code> 函数传入键和值的类型，可以创建 map 。具体语法为 <code>make(map[KeyType]ValueType)</code> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个键类型为 string 值类型为 int 名为 scores 的 map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">scores </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">steps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个键类型为 string 值类型为 int 名为 scores 的 map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">scores </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">steps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>字面量创建：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> steps2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]string </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(steps2)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> steps2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]string </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(steps2)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">steps3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(steps3)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">steps3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(steps3)</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="map操作" tabindex="-1">Map操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#map操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Map操作&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>添加元素</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以使用 \`map[key] = value\` 向 map 添加元素。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">steps3[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;总监&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以使用 \`map[key] = value\` 向 map 添加元素。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">steps3[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;总监&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>更新元素</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 若 key 已存在，使用 map[key] = value 可以直接更新对应 key 的 value 值。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">steps3[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CTO&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 若 key 已存在，使用 map[key] = value 可以直接更新对应 key 的 value 值。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">steps3[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CTO&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>获取元素</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 直接使用 map[key] 即可获取对应 key 的 value 值,如果 key不存在,会返回其 value 类型的零值。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(steps3[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] )</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 直接使用 map[key] 即可获取对应 key 的 value 值,如果 key不存在,会返回其 value 类型的零值。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(steps3[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] )</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>删除元素</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//使用 delete(map, key)可以删除 map 中的对应 key 键值对,如果 key 不存在,delete 函数会静默处理，不会报错。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(steps3, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//使用 delete(map, key)可以删除 map 中的对应 key 键值对,如果 key 不存在,delete 函数会静默处理，不会报错。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(steps3, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>判断 key 是否存在</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果我们想知道 map 中的某个 key 是否存在，可以使用下面的语法：value, ok := map[key]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">v3, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> steps3[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">v4, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> steps3[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v4)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果我们想知道 map 中的某个 key 是否存在，可以使用下面的语法：value, ok := map[key]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">v3, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> steps3[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">v4, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> steps3[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v4)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个语句说明 <code>map</code> 的下标读取可以返回两个值，第一个值为当前 <code>key</code> 的 <code>value</code> 值，第二个值表示对应的 <code>key</code> 是否存在，若存在 <code>ok</code> 为 <code>true</code> ，若不存在，则 <code>ok</code> 为 <code>false</code> 。</p></li><li><p>遍历 map</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 遍历 map 中所有的元素需要用 for range 循环。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key, value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> steps3 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;key: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, key, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 遍历 map 中所有的元素需要用 for range 循环。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key, value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> steps3 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;key: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, key, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>获取 map 长度</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用 len 函数可以获取 map 长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(steps3))    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用 len 函数可以获取 map 长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(steps3))    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h4 id="map是引用类型" tabindex="-1">map是引用类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#map是引用类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;map是引用类型&quot;">​</a></h4><p>当 <code>map</code> 被赋值为一个新变量的时候，它们指向同一个内部数据结构。因此，改变其中一个变量，就会影响到另一变量。</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mapByReference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		steps4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;steps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, steps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// steps4:  map[第一步:123 第三步:789 第二步:456]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	newSteps4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> steps4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;steps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, steps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// steps4:  map[第一步:123-222 第三步:789-222 第二步:456-222]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;newSteps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, newSteps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// newSteps4:  map[第一步:123-222 第三步:789-222 第二步:456-222]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mapByReference</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		steps4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;steps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, steps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// steps4:  map[第一步:123 第三步:789 第二步:456]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	newSteps4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> steps4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;steps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, steps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// steps4:  map[第一步:123-222 第三步:789-222 第二步:456-222]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;newSteps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, newSteps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// newSteps4:  map[第一步:123-222 第三步:789-222 第二步:456-222]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当 <code>map</code> 作为函数参数传递时也会发生同样的情况。</p><h2 id="流程控制语句" tabindex="-1">流程控制语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程控制语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程控制语句&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="条件语句" tabindex="-1">条件语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#条件语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;条件语句&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 条件1 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  逻辑代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  条件2 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  逻辑代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 条件 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 条件1 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  逻辑代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  条件2 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  逻辑代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 条件 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">90</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩等级为A&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩等级为B&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">70</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩等级为C&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩等级为D&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩等级为E 成绩不及格&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">90</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩等级为A&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩等级为B&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">70</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩等级为C&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩等级为D&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩等级为E 成绩不及格&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>if</code> 还有另外一种写法，它包含一个 <code>statement</code> 可选语句部分，该可选语句在条件判断之前运行。它的语法是：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statement; condition {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩及格&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statement; condition {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩及格&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="switch-case" tabindex="-1">switch case <a class="header-anchor" href="#switch-case" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;switch case&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式值1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        业务逻辑代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式值2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        业务逻辑代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式值3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        业务逻辑代码3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式值 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        业务逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        业务逻辑代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表达式 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表达式值1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        业务逻辑代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表达式值2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        业务逻辑代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表达式值3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        业务逻辑代码3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表达式值 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        业务逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        业务逻辑代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">grade </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;B&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> grade {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;A&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is between 90 and 100.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;B&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is between 80 and 90.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;C&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is between 70 and 80.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;D&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is between 60 and 70.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is below 60.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">grade </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;B&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> grade {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;A&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is between 90 and 100.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;B&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is between 80 and 90.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;C&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is between 70 and 80.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;D&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is between 60 and 70.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is below 60.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>一个 case 多个条件</strong></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">month </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> month {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份有 31 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份有 30 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份闰年为 29 天，非闰年为 28 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;输入有误！&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">month </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> month {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份有 31 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份有 30 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份闰年为 29 天，非闰年为 28 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;输入有误！&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>switch</code> 还有另外一种写法，它包含一个 <code>statement</code> 可选语句部分，该可选语句在表达式之前运行。它的语法是：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statement; expression {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> month </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; month {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份有 31 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份有 30 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份闰年为 29 天，非闰年为 28 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;输入有误！&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statement; expression {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> month </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; month {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份有 31 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份有 30 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份闰年为 29 天，非闰年为 28 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;输入有误！&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里 <code>month</code> 变量的作用域就仅限于这个 <code>switch</code> 内。</p><p><strong>switch 后可接函数</strong></p><p><code>switch</code> 后面可以接一个函数，只要保证 <code>case</code> 后的值类型与函数的返回值一致即可。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> chinese </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">90</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> english </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">95</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(chinese, math, english) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;考试通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;考试未通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> chinese </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> math </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">90</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> english </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">95</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(chinese, math, english) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;考试通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;考试未通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>无表达式的 switch</strong></p><p><code>switch</code> 后面的表达式是可选的。如果省略该表达式，则表示这个 <code>switch</code> 语句等同于 <code>switch true</code> ，并且每个 <code>case</code> 表达式都被认定为有效，相应的代码块也会被执行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">90</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;grade A&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">90</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;grade B&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">70</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;grade C&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">70</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;grade D&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;grade E&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">90</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;grade A&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">90</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;grade B&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">70</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;grade C&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">70</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;grade D&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;grade E&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>该 <code>switch-case</code> 语句相当于 <code>if-elseif-else</code> 语句。</p><p><strong>fallthrough 语句</strong></p><p>正常情况下 <code>switch-case</code> 语句在执行时只要有一个 <code>case</code> 满足条件，就会直接退出 <code>switch-case</code> ，如果一个都没有满足，才会执行 <code>default</code> 的代码块。不同于其他语言需要在每个 <code>case</code> 中添加 <code>break</code> 语句才能退出。使用 <code>fallthrough</code> 语句可以在已经执行完成的 <code>case</code> 之后，把控制权转移到下一个 <code>case</code> 的执行代码中。<code>fallthrough</code> 只能穿透一层，不管你有没有匹配上，都要退出了。<code>fallthrough</code> 语句是 <code>case</code> 子句的最后一个语句。如果它出现在了 <code>case</code> 语句的中间，编译会不通过。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fallthrough</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fallthrough</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="循环语句" tabindex="-1">循环语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#循环语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;循环语句&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>循环语句</strong> 可以用来重复执行某一段代码。在 C 语言中，循环语句有 <code>for</code> 、 <code>while</code> 和 <code>do while</code> 三种循环。但在 Go 中只有 <code>for</code> 一种循环语句。下面是 <code>for</code> 循环语句的四种基本模型：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接三个表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> initialisation; condition; post {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接一个条件表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> condition {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接一个 range 表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> range_expression {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 不接表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接三个表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> initialisation; condition; post {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接一个条件表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> condition {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接一个 range 表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> range_expression {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 不接表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p><strong>接一个条件表达式</strong></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    num</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    num</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><strong>接三个表达式</strong></p><p><code>for</code> 后面接的这三个表达式，各有各的用途：</p><ul><li>第一个表达式(<code>initialisation</code>)：初始化控制变量，在整个循环生命周期内，只执行一次；</li><li>第二个表达式(<code>condition</code>)：设置循环控制条件，该表达式值为 <code>true</code> 时循环，值为 <code>false</code> 时结束循环；</li><li>第三个表达式(<code>post</code>)：每次循环完都会执行此表达式，可以利用其让控制变量增量或减量。</li></ul><p>这三个表达式，使用 <code>;</code> 分隔。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; num</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; num</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><strong>接一个 range 表达式</strong></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index, value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, value </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, index, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index, value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, value </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, index, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><strong>不接表达式</strong></p><p><code>for</code> 后面不接表达式就相当于无限循环，当然，可以使用 <code>break</code> 语句退出循环</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 第一种写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 第二种写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ;; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 第一种写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 第二种写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ;; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><strong>break 语句</strong></p><p><code>break</code> 语句用于终止 <code>for</code> 循环，之后程序将执行在 <code>for</code> 循环后的代码。上面的例子已经演示了 <code>break</code> 语句的使用。</p></li><li><p><strong>continue 语句</strong></p><p><code>continue</code> 语句用来跳出 <code>for</code> 循环中的当前循环。在 <code>continue</code> 语句后的所有的 <code>for</code> 循环语句都不会在本次循环中执行，执行完 <code>continue</code> 语句后将会继续执行一下次循环。下面的程序会打印出 <code>10</code> 以内的奇数。</p></li></ul><h3 id="defer延迟调用" tabindex="-1">defer延迟调用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#defer延迟调用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;defer延迟调用&quot;">​</a></h3><p>含有 <code>defer</code> 语句的函数，会在该函数将要返回之前，调用另一个函数。简单点说就是 <code>defer</code> 语句后面跟着的函数会延迟到当前函数执行完后再执行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">bookPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bookPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main函数...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bookPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bookPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main函数...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>首先，执行 <code>main</code> 函数，因为 <code>bookPrint()</code> 函数前有 <code>defer</code> 关键字，所以会在执行完 <code>main</code> 函数后再执行 <code>bookPrint()</code> 函数，所以先打印出 <code>main函数...</code> ，再执行 <code>bookPrint()</code> 函数打印 <code>123</code> 。</p><p><strong>即时求值的变量快照</strong></p><p>使用 <code>defer</code> 只是延时调用函数，传递给函数里的变量，不应该受到后续程序的影响。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 123</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 123</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>延迟方法</strong></p><p><code>defer</code> 不仅能够延迟函数的执行，也能延迟方法的执行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b Book) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b.bookName, b.authorName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Book{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">printName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main... &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main... 123 456</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Book</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b Book) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b.bookName, b.authorName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Book{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">printName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main... &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main... 123 456</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>defer 栈</strong></p><p>当一个函数内多次调用 <code>defer</code> 时，Go 会把 <code>defer</code> 调用放入到一个栈中，随后按照 <strong>后进先出</strong> 的顺序执行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main...789456123</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main...789456123</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>defer 在 return 后调用</strong></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showLesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;showLesson: s =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showLesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main: s =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main: lesson =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//showLesson: s = 123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main: s = 456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main: lesson = 123</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showLesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;showLesson: s =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showLesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main: s =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main: lesson =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//showLesson: s = 123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main: s = 456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main: lesson = 123</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><h3 id="go-中-defer-和-return-执行的先后顺序" tabindex="-1">Go 中 defer 和 return 执行的先后顺序 <a class="header-anchor" href="#go-中-defer-和-return-执行的先后顺序" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Go 中 defer 和 return 执行的先后顺序&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>多个defer的执行顺序为“后进先出”；</li><li>defer、return、返回值三者的执行逻辑应该是：return最先执行，return负责将结果写入返回值中；接着defer开始执行一些收尾工作；最后函数携带当前返回值退出。</li></ol><p>如果函数的返回值是无名的（不带命名返回值），则go语言会在执行return的时候会执行一个类似创建一个临时变量作为保存return值的动作，而有名返回值的函数，由于返回值在函数定义的时候已经将该变量进行定义，在执行return的时候会先执行返回值保存操作，而后续的defer函数会改变这个返回值(虽然defer是在return之后执行的，但是由于使用的函数定义的变量，所以执行defer操作后对该变量的修改会影响到return的值</p></blockquote><p><strong>defer 可以使代码更简洁</strong></p><p>如果没有使用 <code>defer</code> ，当在一个操作资源的函数里调用多个 <code>return</code> 时，每次都得释放资源，你可能这样写代码：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//0，获取资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//2，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//3，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//4，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//0，获取资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//2，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//3，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//4，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>有了 <code>defer</code> 之后，可以简洁地写成下面这样：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//0，获取资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//0，获取资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="goto无条件跳转" tabindex="-1">goto无条件跳转 <a class="header-anchor" href="#goto无条件跳转" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;goto无条件跳转&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在 Go 语言中保留 <code>goto</code> 。<code>goto</code> 后面接的是标签，表示下一步要执行哪里的代码。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">goto</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> label</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">label:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//789</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">goto</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> label</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">label:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//789</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="指针" tabindex="-1">指针 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指针" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指针&quot;">​</a></h2><p>一个指针变量指向了一个值的内存地址。</p><p>类似于变量和常量，在使用指针前你需要声明指针。指针声明格式如下：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> var_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">var</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">type</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> var_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">var</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">type</span></span></code></pre></div><p>var-type 为指针类型，var_name 为指针变量名，* 号用于指定变量是作为一个指针。以下是有效的指针声明：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指向整型*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指向浮点型 */</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指向整型*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指向浮点型 */</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="操作符" tabindex="-1">操作符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#操作符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;操作符&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>&amp; 操作符可以从一个变量中取到其内存地址。</li></ul><ul><li>操作符如果在赋值操作值的左边，指该指针指向的变量；* 操作符如果在赋值操作符的右边，指从一个指针变量中取得变量值，又称指针的解引用。</li></ul><h3 id="如何使用指针" tabindex="-1">如何使用指针 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何使用指针" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何使用指针&quot;">​</a></h3><p>指针使用流程：</p><ul><li>定义指针变量。</li><li>为指针变量赋值。</li><li>访问指针变量中指向地址的值。</li><li>在指针类型前面加上 * 号（前缀）来获取指针所指向的内容。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 声明实际变量 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 声明指针变量 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   ip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指针变量的存储地址 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a 变量的地址是: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%x\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指针变量的存储地址 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ip 变量储存的指针地址: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%x\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, ip )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 使用指针访问值 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*ip 变量的值: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ip )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//a 变量的地址是: 20818a220</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ip 变量储存的指针地址: 20818a220</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//*ip 变量的值: 20</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 声明实际变量 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 声明指针变量 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   ip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">a  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指针变量的存储地址 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a 变量的地址是: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%x\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">a  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指针变量的存储地址 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ip 变量储存的指针地址: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%x\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, ip )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 使用指针访问值 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*ip 变量的值: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ip )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//a 变量的地址是: 20818a220</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ip 变量储存的指针地址: 20818a220</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//*ip 变量的值: 20</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="空指针" tabindex="-1">空指针 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空指针" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空指针&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当一个指针被定义后没有分配到任何变量时，它的值为 nil。</p><p>nil 指针也称为空指针。</p><p>nil在概念上和其它语言的null、None、nil、NULL一样，都指代零值或空值。</p><p>一个指针变量通常缩写为 ptr。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ptr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*int</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ptr 的值为 : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%x</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">**</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, ptr  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ptr 的值为 : 0</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ptr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*int</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ptr 的值为 : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%x</span><span style="color:#032F62;">**</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, ptr  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ptr 的值为 : 0</span></span></code></pre></div><p>空指针判断</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ptr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* ptr 不是空指针 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ptr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* ptr 是空指针 */</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ptr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* ptr 不是空指针 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ptr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* ptr 是空指针 */</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="函数传递指针函数" tabindex="-1">函数传递指针函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数传递指针函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数传递指针函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在函数中对指针参数所做的修改，在函数返回后会保存相应的修改。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">changeByPointer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	x3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	p3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;执行changeByPointer函数之前p3是&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">changeByPointer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;执行changeByPointer函数之后p3是&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行changeByPointer函数之前p3是 99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行changeByPointer函数之后p3是 200</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">changeByPointer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	x3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	p3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;执行changeByPointer函数之前p3是&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">changeByPointer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;执行changeByPointer函数之后p3是&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行changeByPointer函数之前p3是 99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行changeByPointer函数之后p3是 200</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="指针与切片" tabindex="-1">指针与切片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指针与切片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指针与切片&quot;">​</a></h3><p>切片与指针一样是引用类型，如果我们想通过一个函数改变一个数组的值，可以将该数组的切片当作参数传给函数，也可以将这个数组的指针当作参数传给函数。但 Go 中建议使用第一种方法，即将该数组的切片当作参数传给函数，因为这么写更加简洁易读。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用切片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">changeSlice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	value[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用数组指针</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">changeArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">changeSlice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x[:])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [200 20 30]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">changeArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(y) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [200 200 300]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用切片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">changeSlice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	value[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用数组指针</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">changeArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">value)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">changeSlice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x[:])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [200 20 30]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">changeArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(y) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [200 200 300]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="结构体" tabindex="-1">结构体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结构体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结构体&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Go 语言中数组可以存储同一类型的数据，但在结构体中我们可以为不同项定义不同的数据类型。</p><p>结构体是由一系列具有相同类型或不同类型的数据构成的数据集合。Go中没有<code>class</code>的概念，只有<code>struct</code>结构体，所以也没有继承。</p><h3 id="声明-1" tabindex="-1">声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">struct_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    attribute_name1   attribute_type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    attribute_name2   attribute_type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//学习目标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//学习花费时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可以把相同类型的属性声明在同一行，这样可以使结构体变得更加紧凑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name, target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    spend             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">struct_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    attribute_name1   attribute_type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    attribute_name2   attribute_type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//学习目标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//学习花费时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可以把相同类型的属性声明在同一行，这样可以使结构体变得更加紧凑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name, target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    spend             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的结构体称为命名结构体<code>Named Structure</code>。声明结构体时也可以不用声明新类型，这种结构体类型称为匿名结构体<code>Anonymous Structure</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name, target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    spend             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name, target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    spend             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="创建命名结构体" tabindex="-1">创建命名结构体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建命名结构体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建命名结构体&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用字段名创建结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;学习Go语言，并完成一个单体服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		spend:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不使用字段名创建结构体，按字段声明顺序初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;学习Go语言，并完成一个单体服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson1 &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson2 &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用字段名创建结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;学习Go语言，并完成一个单体服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		spend:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不使用字段名创建结构体，按字段声明顺序初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;学习Go语言，并完成一个单体服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson1 &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson2 &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="结构体标签" tabindex="-1">结构体标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结构体标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结构体标签&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Tag是结构体的元信息，可以在运行的时候通过反射的机制读取出来。</p><p>Tag在结构体字段的后方定义，由一对反引号包裹起来，具体的格式如下：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`key1:&quot;value1&quot; key2:&quot;value2&quot;\`</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">\`key1:&quot;value1&quot; key2:&quot;value2&quot;\`</span></span></code></pre></div><p>结构体标签由一个或多个键值对组成。键与值使用冒号分隔，值用双引号括起来。键值对之间使用一个空格分隔。 注意事项： 为结构体编写Tag时，必须严格遵守键值对的规则。结构体标签的解析代码的容错能力很差，一旦格式写错，编译和运行时都不会提示任何错误，通过反射也无法正确取值。例如不要在key和value之间添加空格。</p><p>例如我们为Student结构体的每个字段定义json序列化时使用的Tag：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//Student 学生</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Student</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ID     </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`json:&quot;id&quot;\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//通过指定tag实现json序列化该字段时的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Gender </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//json序列化是默认使用字段名作为key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//私有不能被json包访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ID:     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Gender: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;女&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;pprof&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Marshal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;json marshal failed!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;json str:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, data) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//json str:{&quot;id&quot;:1,&quot;Gender&quot;:&quot;女&quot;}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//Student 学生</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Student</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ID     </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`json:&quot;id&quot;\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//通过指定tag实现json序列化该字段时的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Gender </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//json序列化是默认使用字段名作为key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//私有不能被json包访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ID:     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Gender: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;女&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;pprof&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Marshal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;json marshal failed!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;json str:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, data) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//json str:{&quot;id&quot;:1,&quot;Gender&quot;:&quot;女&quot;}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="创建匿名结构体" tabindex="-1">创建匿名结构体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建匿名结构体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建匿名结构体&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建匿名结构体变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name, target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		spend          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握GO语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		spend:   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson3 &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建匿名结构体变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name, target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		spend          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握GO语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		spend:   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson3 &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="结构体的零值-zero-value" tabindex="-1">结构体的零值(Zero Value) <a class="header-anchor" href="#结构体的零值-zero-value" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结构体的零值(Zero Value)&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当定义好的结构体没有被显式初始化时，结构体的字段将会默认赋为相应类型的零值。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不初始化结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson4 &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson4  {  0}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不初始化结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson4 &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson4  {  0}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="访问结构体字段" tabindex="-1">访问结构体字段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#访问结构体字段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;访问结构体字段&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>.</code>点操作符访问：<code>lesson.name</code></p><p>使用<code>.</code>也可用与给结构体字段赋值:<code>lesson.name = &quot;test&quot;</code></p><h3 id="指向结构体的指针" tabindex="-1">指向结构体的指针 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指向结构体的指针" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指向结构体的指针&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson8 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Lesson{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言微服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson8 name: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lesson8).name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson8 name: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson8.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson8 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Lesson{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言微服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson8 name: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">lesson8).name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson8 name: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson8.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>lesson8</code> 是一个指向结构体 <code>Lesson</code> 的指针，用 <code>(*lesson8).name</code> 访问 <code>lesson8</code> 的 <code>name</code> 字段， <code>lesson8.name</code> 代替 <code>(*lesson8).name</code> 的解引用访问。</p><h3 id="匿名字段" tabindex="-1">匿名字段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名字段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名字段&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在创建结构体时，字段可以只有类型没有字段名，这种字段称为 <strong>匿名字段(Anonymous Field)</strong> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson9 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson4{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson9 &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson9)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson9 string: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson9.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson9 int: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson9.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson9 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson4{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson9 &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson9)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson9 string: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson9.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson9 int: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson9.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的程序结构体定义了两个匿名字段，虽然这两个字段没有字段名，但匿名字段的名称默认就是它的类型。所以上面的结构体 <code>Lesoon4</code> 有两个名为 <code>string</code> 和 <code>int</code> 的字段。</p><h3 id="嵌套结构体" tabindex="-1">嵌套结构体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#嵌套结构体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;嵌套结构体&quot;">​</a></h3><p>结构体的字段也可能是另外一个结构体，这样的结构体称为 <strong>嵌套结构体(Nested Structs)</strong></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Author</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	wx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	author Author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson10 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson5{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		spend: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson10.author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Author{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		wx: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;666&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 spend:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.spend)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 author name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.author.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 author wx:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.author.wx)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Author</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	wx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson5</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	author Author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson10 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson5{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		spend: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson10.author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Author{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		wx: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;666&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 spend:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.spend)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 author name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.author.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 author wx:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.author.wx)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的程序 <code>Lesson5</code> 结构体有一个字段 <code>author</code> ，而且它的类型也是一个结构体 <code>Author</code> 。</p><h3 id="提升字段" tabindex="-1">提升字段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#提升字段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;提升字段&quot;">​</a></h3><p>结构体中如果有匿名的结构体类型字段，则该匿名结构体里的字段就称为 <strong>提升字段(Promoted Fields)</strong> 。这是因为提升字段就像是属于外部结构体一样，可以用外部结构体直接访问。就像刚刚上面的程序，如果我们把 <code>Lesson</code> 结构体中的字段 <code>author</code> 直接用匿名字段 <code>Author</code> 代替， <code>Author</code> 结构体的字段例如 <code>name</code> 就不用像上面那样使用 <code>lesson10.author.wx</code> 访问，而是使用 <code>lesson10.wx</code> 就能访问 <code>Author</code> 结构体中的 <code>wx</code> 字段。现在结构体 <code>Author</code> 有 <code>name</code> 、 <code>wx</code> 两个字段，访问字段就像在 <code>Lesson</code> 里直接声明的一样，因此我们称之为提升字段。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Author</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	wx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson10 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson6{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson10.Author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Author{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		wx:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;666&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 author wx:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.wx)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 name: Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 target: 掌握Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 author wx: 666</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Author</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	wx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson6</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson10 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson6{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson10.Author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Author{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		wx:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;666&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 author wx:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.wx)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 name: Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 target: 掌握Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 author wx: 666</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="结构体比较" tabindex="-1">结构体比较 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结构体比较" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结构体比较&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如果结构体的全部成员都是可以比较的，那么结构体也是可以比较的，那样的话两个结构体将可以使用 <code>==</code> 或 <code>!=</code> 运算符进行比较。可以通过==运算符或 DeeplyEqual()函数比较两个结构相同的类型并包含相同的字段值。因此下面两个比较的表达式是等价的：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson11 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson12 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson11.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson12.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson11.target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson12.target) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson11 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson12) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson11 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson12 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson11.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson12.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson11.target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson12.target) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson11 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson12) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="给结构体定义方法" tabindex="-1">给结构体定义方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#给结构体定义方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给结构体定义方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在 Go 中无法在结构体内部定义方法</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ShowLessonInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (l Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, l.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, l.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ShowLessonInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (l Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, l.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, l.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的程序中定义了一个与结构体 <code>Lesson</code> 绑定的方法 <code>ShowLessonInfo()</code> ，其中 <code>ShowLessonInfo</code> 是方法名， <code>(l Lesson)</code> 表示将此方法与 <code>Lesson</code> 的实例绑定，这在 Go 语言中称为接收者，而 <code>l</code> 表示实例本身，相当于 Python 中的 <code>self</code> ，在方法内可以使用 <code>实例本身.属性名称</code> 来访问实例属性。</p><h3 id="方法的参数传递方式" tabindex="-1">方法的参数传递方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方法的参数传递方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方法的参数传递方式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如果绑定结构体的方法中要改变实例的属性时，必须使用指针作为方法的接收者。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ShowLessonInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (l Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, l.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, l.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// AddTime 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法，使 spend 值加 n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (l </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AddTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	l.spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> l.spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        spend:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;添加add方法前&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;添加add方法后&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ShowLessonInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (l Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, l.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, l.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// AddTime 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法，使 spend 值加 n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (l </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AddTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	l.spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> l.spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        spend:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;添加add方法前&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;添加add方法后&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="函数" tabindex="-1">函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>函数</strong> 是基于功能或逻辑进行封装的可复用的代码结构。将一段功能复杂、很长的一段代码封装成多个代码片段(即函数)，有助于提高代码可读性和可维护性。由于 Go 语言是编译型语言，所以函数编写的顺序是无关紧要的。</p><h3 id="声明-2" tabindex="-1">声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">function_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameter_list) (result_list) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">function_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameter_list) (result_list) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="可变参数" tabindex="-1">可变参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#可变参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;可变参数&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="多个类型一致的参数" tabindex="-1">多个类型一致的参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多个类型一致的参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多个类型一致的参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>在参数类型前面加 <code>...</code> 表示一个切片，用来接收调用者传入的参数。注意，如果该函数下有其他类型的参数，这些其他参数必须放在参数列表的前面，切片必须放在最后。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	sum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		sum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	sum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		sum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="多个类型不一致的参数" tabindex="-1">多个类型不一致的参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多个类型不一致的参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多个类型不一致的参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如果传多个参数的类型都不一样，可以指定类型为 <code>...interface{}</code> ，然后再遍历。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, arg </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg.(type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;type is int.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;type is string.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;type is float64.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;is an unknown type.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">57</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, arg </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg.(type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;type is int.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;type is string.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;type is float64.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;is an unknown type.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">57</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="解序列" tabindex="-1">解序列 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解序列" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解序列&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用 <code>...</code> 可以用来解序列</p><h3 id="函数的返回值" tabindex="-1">函数的返回值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数的返回值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数的返回值&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当函数没有返回值时，函数体可以使用 <code>return</code> 语句返回。在 Go 中一个函数可以返回多个值。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showBookInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bookInfo, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showBookInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;45&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bookInfo = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, err = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, bookInfo, err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showBookInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bookInfo, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showBookInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;45&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bookInfo = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, err = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, bookInfo, err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>返回带有变量名的值</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showBookInfo2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不使用 := 因为已经在返回值那里声明了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 直接返回即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showBookInfo2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不使用 := 因为已经在返回值那里声明了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 直接返回即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="匿名函数" tabindex="-1">匿名函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名函数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (parameter_list) (result_list) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	body</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (parameter_list) (result_list) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	body</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="内部方法与外部方法" tabindex="-1">内部方法与外部方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内部方法与外部方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内部方法与外部方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在 Go 语言中，函数名通过首字母大小写实现控制对方法的访问权限。</p><ul><li>当方法的首字母为 <strong>大写</strong> 时，这个方法对于 <strong>所有包</strong> 都是 <strong>Public</strong> ，其他包可以随意调用。</li><li>当方法的首字母为 <strong>小写</strong> 时，这个方法是 <strong>Private</strong> ，其他包是无法访问的。</li></ul><h2 id="方法" tabindex="-1">方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方法&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>方法</strong> 其实就是一个函数，在 <code>func</code> 这个关键字和方法名中间加入了一个特殊的接收器类型。接收器可以是结构体类型或者是非结构体类型。接收器是可以在方法的内部访问的。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (t Type) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">methodName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameterList) returnList{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (t Type) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">methodName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameterList) returnList{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="实例绑定" tabindex="-1">实例绑定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实例绑定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实例绑定&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// PrintInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    l </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    l.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// PrintInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    l </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    l.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>也可以把上面程序的方法改成一个函数</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson Lesson) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson Lesson) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行这个程序，也同样会输出上面一样的答案，那么我们为什么还要用方法呢？因为在 Go 中，相同的名字的方法可以定义在不同的类型上，而相同名字的函数是不被允许的。如果你在上面这个程序添加一个同名函数，就会报错。但是在不同的结构体上面定义同名的方法就是可行的。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Lesson name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Lesson target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Author</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (author Author) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;author name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, author.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Author{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Google&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    author.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Lesson name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Lesson target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Author</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (author Author) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;author name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, author.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Author{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Google&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    author.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="指针接收器与值接收器" tabindex="-1">指针接收器与值接收器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指针接收器与值接收器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指针接收器与值接收器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>值接收器和指针接收器之间的区别在于，在指针接收器的方法内部的改变对于调用者是可见的，然而值接收器的方法内部的改变对于调用者是不可见的，所以若要改变实例的属性时，必须使用指针作为方法的接收者。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Name      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	SpendTime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// PrintInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;spendTime:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.SpendTime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChangeLessonName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.Name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AddSpendTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.SpendTime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson.SpendTime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Name:      </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Target:    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		SpendTime: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;before change&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;after change&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddSpendTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ChangeLessonName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Name      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	SpendTime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// PrintInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;spendTime:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.SpendTime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChangeLessonName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.Name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AddSpendTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.SpendTime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson.SpendTime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Name:      </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Target:    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		SpendTime: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;before change&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;after change&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddSpendTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ChangeLessonName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在上面的程序中， <code>AddSpendTime</code> 使用指针接收器最终能改变实例的 <code>SpendTime</code> 值，然而使用值接收器的 <code>ChangeLessonName</code> 最终没有改变实例 <code>Name</code> 的值。</p><h3 id="在方法中使用值接收器-与-在函数中使用值参数" tabindex="-1">在方法中使用值接收器 与 在函数中使用值参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在方法中使用值接收器-与-在函数中使用值参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在方法中使用值接收器 与 在函数中使用值参数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当一个函数有一个值参数，它只能接受一个值参数。当一个方法有一个值接收器，它可以接受值接收器和指针接收器。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson Lesson) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bPtr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lesson</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//PrintInfo(bPtr) // error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bPtr.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson Lesson) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bPtr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">lesson</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//PrintInfo(bPtr) // error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bPtr.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在上面的程序中，使用值参数 <code>PrintInfo(lesson)</code> 来调用这个函数是合法的，使用值接收器来调用 <code>lesson.PrintInfo()</code> 也是合法的。</p><p>然后在程序中我们创建了一个指向 <code>Lesson</code> 的指针 <code>bPtr</code> ，通过使用指针接收器来调用 <code>bPtr.PrintInfo()</code> 是合法的，但使用值参数调用 <code>PrintInfo(bPtr)</code> 是非法的。</p><h3 id="在非结构体上的方法" tabindex="-1">在非结构体上的方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在非结构体上的方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在非结构体上的方法&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">myInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (a myInt) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b myInt) myInt {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x myInt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y myInt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(y))   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 57</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">myInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (a myInt) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b myInt) myInt {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x myInt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y myInt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(y))   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 57</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="接口" tabindex="-1">接口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口&quot;">​</a></h2><p>在 Go 语言中， <strong>接口</strong> 就是方法签名(Method Signature)的集合。在面向对象的领域里，接口定义一个对象的行为，接口只指定了对象应该做什么，至于如何实现这个行为，则由对象本身去确定。当一个类型实现了接口中的所有方法，我们称它实现了该接口。接口指定了一个类型应该具有的方法，并由该类型决定如何实现这些方法。</p><h3 id="定义" tabindex="-1">定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定义&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">interface_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interface_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">method</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="接口实现" tabindex="-1">接口实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口实现&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Study</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Student</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    student1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;张三&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        book: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    student1.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Study</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Student</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    student1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;张三&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        book: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    student1.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的程序定义了一个名为 <code>Study</code> 的接口，接口中有未实现的方法 <code>learn()</code> ，这里还定义了名为 <code>Student</code> 的结构体，其绑定了方法 <code>learn()</code> ，也就隐式实现了 <code>Study</code> 接口，实现的内容是打印语句。</p><h3 id="接口实现多态" tabindex="-1">接口实现多态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口实现多态" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口实现多态&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Study</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Student</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Worker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	by   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (w </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Worker) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,通过方式 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, w.name, w.book, w.by)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s1 Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s2 Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	student2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;李四&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		book: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> student2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s1.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	student3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;王五&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		book: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">student3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s1.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	worker1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Worker{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;老王&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		book: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		by:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;视频&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// s2 = worker1 // error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">worker1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s2.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Study</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Student</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Worker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	by   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (w </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Worker) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,通过方式 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, w.name, w.book, w.by)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s1 Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s2 Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	student2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;李四&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		book: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> student2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s1.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	student3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;王五&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		book: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">student3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s1.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	worker1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Worker{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;老王&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		book: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		by:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;视频&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// s2 = worker1 // error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">worker1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s2.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="接口的内部表示" tabindex="-1">接口的内部表示 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口的内部表示" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口的内部表示&quot;">​</a></h3><p>可以把接口的内部看做 <code>(type, value)</code>。<code>type</code> 是接口底层的具体类型(Concrete Type)，而 <code>value</code> 是具体类型的值。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Study</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Student</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShowInterface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s Study) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接口类型: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 接口值: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	student2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;李四&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		book: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> student2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowInterface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接口类型: main.Student</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接口值: {李四 《Go语言》}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//李四 在读 《Go语言》</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Study</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Student</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShowInterface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s Study) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;接口类型: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 接口值: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	student2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;李四&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		book: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> student2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowInterface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接口类型: main.Student</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接口值: {李四 《Go语言》}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//李四 在读 《Go语言》</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="空接口" tabindex="-1">空接口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空接口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空接口&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>空接口</strong> 是特殊形式的接口类型，没有定义任何方法的接口就称为空接口，可以说所有类型都至少实现了空接口，空接口表示为 <code>interface{}</code> 。例如，我们之前的写过的空接口参数函数，可以接受任何类型的参数：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;类型: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, 值: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;类型: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, 值: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>通过上面的例子不难发现接口都有两个属性，一个是值，而另一个是类型。对于空接口来说，这两个属性都为 <code>nil</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Type: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, Value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Type: &lt;nil&gt;, Value: &lt;nil&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Type: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, Value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Type: &lt;nil&gt;, Value: &lt;nil&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>除了上面讲到的使用空接口作为函数参数的用法，空接口还有以下两种用法。</p><p>直接使用 <code>interface{}</code> 作为类型声明一个实例，这个实例就能承载任何类型的值：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Let&#39;s go</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Let&#39;s go</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>我们也可以定义一个接收任何类型的 <code>array</code> 、 <code>slice</code> 、 <code>map</code> 、 <code>strcut</code> 。例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>空接口可以承载任何值，但是空接口类型的对象是不能赋值给另一个固定类型对象的。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当空接口承载数组和切片后，该对象无法再进行切片。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="类型断言" tabindex="-1">类型断言 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型断言" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类型断言&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类型断言用于提取接口的底层值(Underlying Value)。使用 <code>interface.(Type)</code> 可以获取接口的底层值，其中接口 <code>interface</code> 的具体类型是 <code>Type</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">assert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    value, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i.(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value, ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">assert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">assert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">assert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    value, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i.(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value, ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">assert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">assert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>第一次调用 <code>assert(x)</code> 输出 <code>3 true</code>，表示将整数 3 转换为 <code>int</code> 类型成功。</p><p>第二次调用 <code>assert(y)</code> 输出 <code>0 false</code>，表示将字符串 &quot;Go语言&quot; 转换为 <code>int</code> 类型失败，因为该字符串无法转换为整数。</p><h3 id="类型选择" tabindex="-1">类型选择 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型选择" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类型选择&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i.(type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Type: int, Value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i.(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Type: string, Value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i.(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unknown type</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i.(type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Type: int, Value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i.(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Type: string, Value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i.(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unknown type</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="实现多个接口" tabindex="-1">实现多个接口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现多个接口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现多个接口&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类型或者结构体可以实现多个接口</p><h3 id="接口的嵌套" tabindex="-1">接口的嵌套 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口的嵌套" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口的嵌套&quot;">​</a></h3><p>虽然在 Go 中没有继承机制，但可以通过接口的嵌套实现类似功能。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个简单的读取器接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Reader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Read</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个简单的写入器接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Writer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Write</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个复合接口，嵌套了Reader和Writer接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ReadWriter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Reader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Writer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现Reader接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyReader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (r MyReader) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Read</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Data read from MyReader&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现Writer接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyWriter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (w MyWriter) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Write</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Writing data:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现ReadWriter接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyReadWriter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    MyReader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    MyWriter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用ReadWriter接口作为参数进行函数调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ProcessData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rw ReadWriter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rw.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Read</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    rw.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Write</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; modified&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建MyReadWriter实例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    myRW </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyReadWriter{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用ProcessData函数，传入myRW作为参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ProcessData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(myRW)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个简单的读取器接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Reader</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Read</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个简单的写入器接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Writer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Write</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个复合接口，嵌套了Reader和Writer接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ReadWriter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Reader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Writer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现Reader接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyReader</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (r MyReader) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Read</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Data read from MyReader&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现Writer接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyWriter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (w MyWriter) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Write</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Writing data:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现ReadWriter接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyReadWriter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    MyReader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    MyWriter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用ReadWriter接口作为参数进行函数调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ProcessData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rw ReadWriter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rw.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Read</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    rw.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Write</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; modified&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建MyReadWriter实例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    myRW </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyReadWriter{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用ProcessData函数，传入myRW作为参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ProcessData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(myRW)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>定义了三个接口：<code>Reader</code>、<code>Writer</code>和<code>ReadWriter</code>。然后，我们实现了这些接口的具体类型：<code>MyReader</code>、<code>MyWriter</code>和<code>MyReadWriter</code>。</p><p><code>MyReadWriter</code>结构体通过嵌套<code>MyReader</code>和<code>MyWriter</code>，同时实现了<code>Reader</code>和<code>Writer</code>接口。这样，<code>MyReadWriter</code>可以以<code>ReadWriter</code>类型的方式使用。</p><p>在<code>main</code>函数中，我们创建了一个<code>MyReadWriter</code>实例<code>myRW</code>，然后将其作为参数传递给<code>ProcessData</code>函数。<code>ProcessData</code>函数接收一个<code>ReadWriter</code>类型的参数，并调用其中的方法。</p><p>通过接口嵌套，我们可以更灵活地组织和复用代码</p><h2 id="包" tabindex="-1">包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>包(package)</strong> 用于组织 Go 源代码，提供了更好的可重用性与可读性.可以用 <code>go list std</code>命令查看标准包,标准库为大多数的程序提供了必要的基础组件。</p><h3 id="创建包" tabindex="-1">创建包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建包&quot;">​</a></h3><p>先创建一个 <code>book</code> 文件夹，位于该目录下创建一个 <code>book.go</code> 源文件，里面实现自定义的数学加法函数。函数名的首字母要大写。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Package book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">book</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShowBookInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Package book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">book</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShowBookInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="导入包" tabindex="-1">导入包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导入包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导入包&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用包之前我们需要导入包，在 GoLand 中会帮你自动导入所需要的包。导入包的语法为 <code>import path</code> ，其中 <code>path</code> 可以是相对于工作区文件夹的相对路径，也可以是绝对路径。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">learn/book</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bookInfo, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowBookInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bookName, author)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bookInfo = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, bookInfo)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">learn/book</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bookInfo, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowBookInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bookName, author)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bookInfo = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, bookInfo)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="使用别名" tabindex="-1">使用别名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用别名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用别名&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">crypto/rand</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mrand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">math/rand</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将名称替换为 mrand 避免冲突</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">crypto/rand</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mrand</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">math/rand</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将名称替换为 mrand 避免冲突</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="使用点操作" tabindex="-1">使用点操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用点操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用点操作&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello, world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello, world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>对于一些使用高频的包，例如 <code>fmt</code> 包，每次调用打印函数时都要使用 <code>fmt.Println()</code> 进行调用，很不方便。可以在导入包的时，使用 <code>import . package_path</code> 语法。打印就不用加 <code>fmt</code> 了。</p><h3 id="包的初始化" tabindex="-1">包的初始化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包的初始化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包的初始化&quot;">​</a></h3><p>每个包都允许有一个或多个 <code>init</code> 函数， <code>init</code> 函数不应该有任何返回值类型和参数，在代码中也不能显式调用它，当这个包被导入时，就会执行这个包的 <code>init</code> 函数，做初始化任务， <code>init</code> 函数优先于 <code>main</code> 函数执行。该函数形式如下：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>包的初始化顺序：首先初始化 <strong>包级别(Package Level)</strong> 的变量，紧接着调用 <code>init</code> 函数。包可以有多个 <code>init</code> 函数(在一个文件或分布于多个文件中)，它们按照编译器解析它们的顺序进行调用。如果一个包导入了另一个包，会先初始化被导入的包。尽管一个包可能会被导入多次，但是它只会被初始化一次。</p><h3 id="包的匿名导入" tabindex="-1">包的匿名导入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包的匿名导入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包的匿名导入&quot;">​</a></h3><p>导入一个没有使用的包编译会报错。但有时候我们只是想执行包里的 <code>init</code> 函数来执行一些初始化任务，可以使用匿名导入的方法，使用 <strong>空白标识符(Blank Identifier)</strong> ：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="协程" tabindex="-1">协程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#协程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协程&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>Go 语言的 协程(Groutine)</strong> 是与其他函数或方法一起并发运行的工作方式。协程可以看作是轻量级线程。与线程相比，创建一个协程的成本很小。因此在 Go 应用中，常常会看到会有很多协程并发地运行。</p><h3 id="启动一个-go-协程" tabindex="-1">启动一个 go 协程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动一个-go-协程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动一个 go 协程&quot;">​</a></h3><p>调用函数或者方法时，如果在前面加上关键字 <code>go</code> ，就可以让一个新的 Go 协程并发地运行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">functionName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameterList) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 执行一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">functionName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameterList)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程执行这个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">functionName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameterList)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">functionName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameterList) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 执行一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">functionName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameterList)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程执行这个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">functionName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameterList)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程执行 PrintInfo 函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使主协程休眠 1 秒</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印 main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程执行 PrintInfo 函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使主协程休眠 1 秒</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印 main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>PrintInfo()</code> 函数与 <code>main()</code> 函数会并发执行，主函数运行在一个特殊的协程上，这个协程称之为 <strong>主协程(Main Goroutine)</strong> 。</p><p>启动一个新的协程时，协程的调用会立即返回。与函数不同，程序控制不会去等待 Go 协程执行完毕。在调用 Go 协程之后，程序控制会立即返回到代码的下一行，忽略该协程的任何返回值。如果 Go 主协程终止，则程序终止，于是其他 Go 协程也会终止。为了让新的协程能继续运行，在 <code>main()</code> 函数添加了 <code>time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)</code> 使主协程休眠 1 秒</p><h3 id="启动多个-go-协程" tabindex="-1">启动多个 Go 协程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动多个-go-协程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动多个 Go 协程&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 避免观察不到并发效果 加个休眠</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 1 号协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 2 号协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使主协程休眠 1 秒</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 避免观察不到并发效果 加个休眠</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 1 号协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 2 号协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使主协程休眠 1 秒</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="通道" tabindex="-1">通道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通道&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>通道(channel)</strong> ，就是一个管道，可以想像成 Go 协程之间通信的管道。它是一种队列式的数据结构，遵循先入先出的规则。</p><h3 id="通道的声明" tabindex="-1">通道的声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通道的声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通道的声明&quot;">​</a></h3><p>每个通道都只能传递一种数据类型的数据，在你声明的时候，我们要指定通道的类型。<code>chan Type</code> 表示 <code>Type</code> 类型的通道。通道的零值为 <code>nil</code> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> channel_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> channel_types</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> channel_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> channel_types</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="通道的初始化" tabindex="-1">通道的初始化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通道的初始化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通道的初始化&quot;">​</a></h3><p>声明完通道后，通道的值为 <code>nil</code> ，我们不能直接使用，必须先使用 <code>make</code> 函数对通道进行初始化操作。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> channel_type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> channel_type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这样，我们就已经定义好了一个 <code>string</code> 类型的通道 <code>nameChan</code> 。当然，也可以使用简短声明语句一次性定义一个通道：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="使用通道发送和接收数据" tabindex="-1">使用通道发送和接收数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用通道发送和接收数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用通道发送和接收数据&quot;">​</a></h3><p>发送数据：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 把 data 数据发送到 channel_name 通道中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 即把 data 数据写入到 channel_name 通道中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">channel_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 把 data 数据发送到 channel_name 通道中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 即把 data 数据写入到 channel_name 通道中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">channel_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span></span></code></pre></div><p>接收数据：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 从 channel_name 通道中接收数据到 value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 即从 channel_name 通道中读取数据到 value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> channel_name</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 从 channel_name 通道中接收数据到 value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 即从 channel_name 通道中读取数据到 value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> channel_name</span></span></code></pre></div><p>通道旁的箭头方向指定了是发送数据还是接收数据。箭头指向通道，代表数据写入到通道中；箭头往通道指向外，代表从通道读数据出去。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintChan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道传入数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;学习Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印 &quot;学习课程:&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;学习课程:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintChan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 从通道接收数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rec </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印从通道接收到的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rec)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintChan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道传入数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;学习Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印 &quot;学习课程:&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;学习课程:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintChan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 从通道接收数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rec </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印从通道接收到的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rec)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Tips</strong>: <strong>发送与接收默认是阻塞的</strong></p><ul><li>从上面的例子我们知道，如果从通道接收数据没接收完主协程是不会继续执行下去的。当把数据发送到通道时，会在发送数据的语句处发生阻塞，直到有其它协程从通道读取到数据，才会解除阻塞。与此类似，当读取通道的数据时，如果没有其它的协程把数据写入到这个通道，那么读取过程就会一直阻塞着。</li></ul><h3 id="通道的关闭" tabindex="-1">通道的关闭 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通道的关闭" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通道的关闭&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(channel_name)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(channel_name)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里要注意，对于一个已经关闭的通道如果再次关闭会导致报错，我们可以在接收数据时，判断通道是否已经关闭，从通道读取数据返回的第二个值表示通道是否没被关闭，如果已经关闭，返回值为 <code>false</code> ；如果还未关闭，返回值为 <code>true</code> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> channel_name</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">value, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> channel_name</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="通道的容量与长度" tabindex="-1">通道的容量与长度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通道的容量与长度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通道的容量与长度&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>make</code> 函数是可以接收两个参数的，同理，创建通道可以传入第二个参数——容量。</p><ul><li>当容量为 <code>0</code> 时，说明通道中不能存放数据，在发送数据时，必须要求立马有人接收，否则会报错。此时的通道称之为无缓冲通道。</li><li>当容量为 <code>1</code> 时，说明通道只能缓存一个数据，若通道中已有一个数据，此时再往里发送数据，会造成程序阻塞。利用这点可以利用通道来做锁。</li><li>当容量大于 <code>1</code> 时，通道中可以存放多个数据，可以用于多个协程之间的通信管道，共享资源。</li></ul><p>既然通道有容量和长度，那么我们可以通过 <code>cap</code> 函数和 <code>len</code> 函数获取通道的容量和长度。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;初始化后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;传入两个数后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;取出一个数后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;初始化后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;传入两个数后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;取出一个数后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="缓冲通道与无缓冲通道" tabindex="-1">缓冲通道与无缓冲通道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#缓冲通道与无缓冲通道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;缓冲通道与无缓冲通道&quot;">​</a></h3><p>按照是否可缓冲数据可分为：<strong>缓冲通道</strong> 与 <strong>无缓冲通道</strong> 。</p><p>无缓冲通道在通道里无法存储数据，接收端必须先于发送端准备好，以确保你发送完数据后，有人立马接收数据，否则发送端就会造成阻塞，原因很简单，通道中无法存储数据。也就是说发送端和接收端是同步运行的。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>缓冲通道允许通道里存储一个或多个数据，设置缓冲区后，发送端和接收端可以处于异步的状态。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="双向通道" tabindex="-1">双向通道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#双向通道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;双向通道&quot;">​</a></h3><p>到目前为止，上面定义的都是双向通道，既可以发送数据也可以接收数据。例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 发送数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;send: 1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 接收数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;receive:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 主协程休眠</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 发送数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;send: 1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 接收数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;receive:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 主协程休眠</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="单向通道" tabindex="-1">单向通道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#单向通道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;单向通道&quot;">​</a></h3><p>单向通道只能发送或者接收数据。所以可以具体细分为只读通道和只写通道。</p><p><code>&lt;-chan</code> 表示只读通道：</p><p><code>chan&lt;-</code> 表示只写通道：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Sender 只写通道类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Sender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Receiver 只读通道类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Receiver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个双向通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只能写通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sender Sender </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;即将学习:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		sender </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只能读通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> receiver Receiver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">receiver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;开始学习: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Sender 只写通道类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Sender</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Receiver 只读通道类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Receiver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个双向通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只能写通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sender Sender </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;即将学习:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		sender </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只能读通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> receiver Receiver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">receiver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;开始学习: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="遍历通道" tabindex="-1">遍历通道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#遍历通道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;遍历通道&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用 <code>for range</code> 循环可以遍历通道，但在遍历时要确保通道是处于关闭状态，否则循环会被阻塞。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">loopPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 记得要关闭通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 否则主协程遍历完不会结束，而会阻塞</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">loopPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch2 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">loopPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 记得要关闭通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 否则主协程遍历完不会结束，而会阻塞</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">loopPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch2 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="用通道做锁" tabindex="-1">用通道做锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#用通道做锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;用通道做锁&quot;">​</a></h3><p>上面讲过，当通道容量为 <code>1</code> 时，说明通道只能缓存一个数据，若通道中已有一个数据，此时再往里发送数据，会造成程序阻塞。例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 由于 x = x+1 不是原子操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 所以应避免多个协程对 x 进行操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用容量为 1 的通道可以达到锁的效果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">increment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">increment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch3, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 由于 x = x+1 不是原子操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 所以应避免多个协程对 x 进行操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用容量为 1 的通道可以达到锁的效果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">increment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">increment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch3, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="死锁" tabindex="-1">死锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#死锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;死锁&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当协程给一个通道发送数据时，照理说会有其他 Go 协程来接收数据。如果没有的话，程序就会在运行时触发 <code>panic</code> ，形成死锁。同理，当有协程等着从一个通道接收数据时，我们期望其他的 Go 协程会向该通道写入数据，要不然程序也会触发 <code>panic</code> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//使用 make 函数创建通道时默认不传递第二个参数，通道中不能存放数据，在发送数据时，必须要求立马有人接收，即该通道为无缓冲通道。所以在接收者没有准备好前，发送操作会被阻塞。</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//使用 make 函数创建通道时默认不传递第二个参数，通道中不能存放数据，在发送数据时，必须要求立马有人接收，即该通道为无缓冲通道。所以在接收者没有准备好前，发送操作会被阻塞。</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">funcRecieve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">funcRecieve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch6)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">funcRecieve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">funcRecieve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch6)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="waitgroup" tabindex="-1">WaitGroup <a class="header-anchor" href="#waitgroup" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;WaitGroup&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在实际开发中我们并不能保证每个协程执行的时间，如果需要等待多个协程，全部结束任务后，再执行某个业务逻辑。下面我们介绍处理这种情况的方式。</p><p><code>WaitGroup</code> 有几个方法：</p><ul><li><code>Add</code>：初始值为 <code>0</code> ，这里直接传入子协程的数量，你传入的值会往计数器上加。</li><li><code>Done</code>：当某个子协程完成后，可调用此方法，会从计数器上减一，即子协程的数量减一，通常使用 <code>defer</code> 来调用。</li><li><code>Wait</code>：阻塞当前协程，直到实例里的计数器归零。</li></ul><h4 id="使用信道" tabindex="-1">使用信道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用信道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用信道&quot;">​</a></h4><p>信道可以实现多个协程间的通信，于是乎我们可以定义一个信道，在任务执行完成后，往信道中写入 <code>true</code> ，然后在主协程中获取到 <code>true</code> ，就可以认为子协程已经执行完毕。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	isDone </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		isDone </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isDone</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	isDone </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		isDone </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isDone</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行上面的程序，主协程就会等待创建的协程执行完毕后退出。</p><h4 id="使用-waitgroup" tabindex="-1">使用 WaitGroup <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用-waitgroup" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用 WaitGroup&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用上面的信道方法，虽然可行，但在你程序中使用很多协程的话，你的代码就会看起来很复杂，这里就要介绍一种更好的方法，那就是使用 <code>sync</code> 包中提供的 <strong>WaitGroup</strong> 类型。<code>WaitGroup</code> 用于等待一批 Go 协程执行结束。程序控制会一直阻塞，直到这些协程全部执行完毕。当然 <code>WaitGroup</code> 也可以用于实现工作池。</p><p><code>WaitGroup</code> 实例化后就能使用：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name sync.WaitGroup</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name sync.WaitGroup</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sync</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">task</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(taskNum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, wg </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sync.WaitGroup) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 延迟调用 执行完子协程计数器减一</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Done</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 输出任务号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;task </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, taskNum, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实例化 sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> waitGroup sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 传入子协程的数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	waitGroup.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 1 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 2 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 3 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实例 waitGroup 阻塞当前协程 等待所有子协程执行完</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	waitGroup.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Wait</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sync</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">task</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(taskNum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, wg </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">sync.WaitGroup) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 延迟调用 执行完子协程计数器减一</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Done</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 输出任务号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;task </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, taskNum, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实例化 sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> waitGroup sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 传入子协程的数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	waitGroup.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 1 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 2 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 3 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实例 waitGroup 阻塞当前协程 等待所有子协程执行完</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	waitGroup.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Wait</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="select" tabindex="-1">Select <a class="header-anchor" href="#select" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Select&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>select</strong> 语句用在多个发送/接收通道操作中进行选择。</p><ul><li><code>select</code> 语句会一直阻塞，直到发送/接收操作准备就绪。</li><li>如果有多个通道操作准备完毕， <code>select</code> 会随机地选取其中之一执行。</li></ul><p><code>select</code> 语法如下：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expression1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expression2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expression1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expression2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建3个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 1 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 2 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 3 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 默认输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;No data received.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建3个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 1 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 2 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 3 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 默认输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;No data received.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在执行 <code>select</code> 语句时，如果有机会的话会运行所有表达式，只要其中一个通道接收到数据，那么就会执行对应的 <code>case</code> 代码，然后退出。</p><h3 id="select-的应用" tabindex="-1">select 的应用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#select-的应用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;select 的应用&quot;">​</a></h3><p>每个任务执行的时间不同，使用 <code>select</code> 语句等待相应的通道发出响应。<code>select</code> 会选择首先响应先完成的 task，而忽略其它的响应。使用这种方法，我们可以做多个 task，并给用户返回最快的 task 结果。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">task1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">task2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">task3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建三个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">task1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">task2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">task3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建三个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的程序会发现，没有 <code>default</code> 分支，因为如果加了该默认分支，如果还没从通道接收到数据， <code>select</code> 语句就会直接执行 <code>default</code> 分支然后退出，而不是被阻塞。</p><h3 id="造成死锁" tabindex="-1">造成死锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#造成死锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;造成死锁&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如果没有 <code>default</code> 分支， <code>select</code> 就会阻塞，如果一直没有命中其中的某个 <code>case</code> 最后会造成死锁。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建两个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建两个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行上面的程序会造成死锁。解决该问题的方法是写好 <code>default</code> 分支。</p><p>还有另一种情况会导致死锁的发生，那就是使用空 <code>select</code> ：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行上面的程序会抛出 <code>panic</code> 。</p><p><strong>Tips：</strong></p><ul><li><code>switch-case</code> 里面的 <code>case</code> 是顺序执行的，但在 <code>select</code> 里并不是顺序执行的。在上面的第一个例子就可以看出，当 <code>select</code> 由多个 <code>case</code> 准备就绪时，将会随机地选取其中之一去执行。</li></ul><h3 id="select超时处理" tabindex="-1">select超时处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#select超时处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;select超时处理&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当 <code>case</code> 里的通道始终没有接收到数据时，而且也没有 <code>default</code> 语句时， <code>select</code> 整体就会阻塞，但是有时我们并不希望 <code>select</code> 一直阻塞下去，这时候就可以手动设置一个超时时间。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">makeTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Second </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Duration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(t))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    c2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    c3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    timeout </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">makeTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(timeout, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> msg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, msg1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> msg2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c2 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, msg2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> msg3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c3 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, msg3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">timeout:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Timeout, exit.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">makeTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Second </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Duration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(t))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    c2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    c3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    timeout </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">makeTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(timeout, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> msg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, msg1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> msg2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c2 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, msg2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> msg3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c3 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, msg3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">timeout:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Timeout, exit.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="读取-写入数据" tabindex="-1">读取/写入数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#读取-写入数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;读取/写入数据&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>select</code> 里的 <code>case</code> 表达式只能对通道进行操作，不管你是往通道写入数据，还是从通道读出数据。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;channel blocking&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//c1 received:  Go语言1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//c1 received:  Go语言2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;channel blocking&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//c1 received:  Go语言1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//c1 received:  Go语言2</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="线程同步" tabindex="-1">线程同步 <a class="header-anchor" href="#线程同步" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;线程同步&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Go 语言中，经常会遇到并发的问题，当然我们会优先考虑使用通道，同时 Go 语言也给出了传统的解决方式 <strong>Mutex(互斥锁)</strong> 和 <strong>RWMutex(读写锁)</strong> 来处理竞争条件。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Bank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(amount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Bank</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(amount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="临界区" tabindex="-1">临界区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#临界区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;临界区&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当程序并发地运行时，多个 Go 协程不应该同时访问那些修改共享资源的代码。这些修改共享资源的代码称为<strong>临界区</strong> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sync</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Bank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(amount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	b.balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Done</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Wait</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//972000,962000,941000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sync</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Bank</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(amount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	b.balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Done</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Wait</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//972000,962000,941000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>举一个简单的例子，当前变量的值增加 <code>b.balance += amount</code></p><p>当然，对于只有一个协程的程序来说，上面的代码没有任何问题。但是，如果有多个协程并发运行时，就会发生错误，这种情况就称之为数据竞争(data race)。使用下面的互斥锁 <code>Mutex</code> 就能避免这种情况的发生。</p><h3 id="互斥锁-mutex" tabindex="-1">互斥锁 Mutex <a class="header-anchor" href="#互斥锁-mutex" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;互斥锁 Mutex&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>互斥锁(Mutex，mutual exclusion)</strong> 用于提供一种 <strong>加锁机制(Locking Mechanism)</strong> ，可确保在某时刻只有一个协程在临界区运行，以防止出现竞争。也是为了来保护一个资源不会因为并发操作而引起冲突导致数据不准确。</p><p><code>Mutex</code> 有两个方法，分别是 <code>Lock()</code> 和 <code>Unlock()</code> ，即对应的加锁和解锁。在 <code>Lock()</code> 和 <code>Unlock()</code> 之间的代码，都只能由一个协程执行，就能避免竞争条件。</p><p>如果有一个协程已经持有了<strong>锁(Lock)</strong>，当其他协程试图获得该锁时，这些协程会被阻塞，直到<code>Mutex</code>解除锁定。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sync</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BankV2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    m       sync.Mutex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV2) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(amount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.m.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Lock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.m.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Unlock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV2) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV2{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Done</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Wait</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1000000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sync</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BankV2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    m       sync.Mutex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV2) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(amount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.m.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Lock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.m.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Unlock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV2) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV2{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Done</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Wait</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1000000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>要注意同一协程里不要在尚未解锁时再次加锁，也不要对已经解锁的锁再次解锁。</p><h3 id="读写锁-rwmutex" tabindex="-1">读写锁 RWMutex <a class="header-anchor" href="#读写锁-rwmutex" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;读写锁 RWMutex&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>sync.RWMutex</code> 类型实现读写互斥锁，适用于读多写少的场景，它规定了当有人还在读取数据（即读锁占用）时，不允许有人更新这个数据（即写锁会阻塞）；为了保证程序的效率，多个人（协程）读取数据（拥有读锁）时，互不影响不会造成阻塞，它不会像 <code>Mutex</code> 那样只允许有一个人（协程）读取同一个数据。读锁与读锁兼容，读锁与写锁互斥，写锁与写锁互斥。</p><ul><li>可以同时申请多个读锁；</li><li>有读锁时申请写锁将阻塞，有写锁时申请读锁将阻塞；</li><li>只要有写锁，后续申请读锁和写锁都将阻塞。</li></ul><p>定义一个 <code>RWMuteux</code> 读写锁：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rwMutex sync.RWMutex</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rwMutex sync.RWMutex</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>RWMutex</code> 里提供了两种锁，每种锁分别对应两个方法，为了避免死锁，两个方法应成对出现，必要时请使用 <code>defer</code> 。</p><ul><li>读锁：调用 <code>RLock</code> 方法开启锁，调用 <code>RUnlock</code> 释放锁；</li><li>写锁：调用 <code>Lock</code> 方法开启锁，调用 <code>Unlock</code> 释放锁。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sync</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BankV3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    rwMutex sync.RWMutex </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read write lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV3) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(amount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Lock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// write lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Unlock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// wirte unlock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV3) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() (balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RUnlock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read unlock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV3{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Done</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Wait</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sync</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BankV3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    rwMutex sync.RWMutex </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read write lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV3) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(amount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Lock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// write lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Unlock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// wirte unlock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV3) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() (balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RUnlock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read unlock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV3{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Done</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Wait</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="条件变量-sync-cond" tabindex="-1">条件变量 sync.Cond <a class="header-anchor" href="#条件变量-sync-cond" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;条件变量 sync.Cond&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Cond 实现了一个条件变量，在 Locker 的基础上增加的一个消息通知的功能，保存了一个通知列表，用来唤醒一个或所有因等待条件变量而阻塞的 Go 程，以此来实现多个 Go 程间的同步。</p><h2 id="错误与异常" tabindex="-1">错误与异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#错误与异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;错误与异常&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="错误" tabindex="-1">错误 <a class="header-anchor" href="#错误" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;错误&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="内建错误" tabindex="-1">内建错误 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内建错误" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内建错误&quot;">​</a></h4><p>在 Go 中， <strong>错误</strong> 使用内建的 <code>error</code> 类型表示。<code>error</code> 类型是一个接口类型，它的定义如下：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>error</code> 有了一个签名为 <code>Error() string</code> 的方法。所有实现该接口的类型都可以当作一个错误类型。<code>Error()</code> 方法给出了错误的描述。<code>fmt.Println</code> 在打印错误时，会在内部调用 <code>Error() string</code> 方法来得到该错误的描述。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">os</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 尝试打开文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    file, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/a.txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果打开文件时发生错误 返回一个不等于 nil 的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果打开文件成功 返回一个文件句柄 和 一个值为 nil 的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;opened successfully&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// open /a.txt: no such file or directory</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">os</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 尝试打开文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    file, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/a.txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果打开文件时发生错误 返回一个不等于 nil 的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果打开文件成功 返回一个文件句柄 和 一个值为 nil 的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;opened successfully&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// open /a.txt: no such file or directory</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="自定义错误" tabindex="-1">自定义错误 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义错误" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义错误&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用 <code>errors</code> 包中的 <code>New</code> 函数可以创建自定义错误。下面是 <code>errors</code> 包中 <code>New</code> 函数的实现代码：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">errors</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">errorString{text}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">errorString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">errorString) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">errors</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">errorString{text}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">errorString</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">errorString) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>errorString</code> 是一个结构体类型，只有一个字符串字段 <code>s</code> 。它使用了 <code>errorString</code> 指针接受者，来实现 <code>error</code> 接口的 <code>Error() string</code> 方法。<code>New</code> 函数有一个字符串参数，通过这个参数创建了 <code>errorString</code> 类型的变量，并返回了它的地址。于是它就创建并返回了一个新的错误。</p><p>下面是一个简单的自定义错误例子，该例子创建了一个计算矩形面积的函数，当矩形的长和宽两者有一个为负数时，就会返回一个错误：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">errors</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;计算错误, 长度或宽度，不能小于0.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, r)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">errors</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;计算错误, 长度或宽度，不能小于0.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, r)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="给错误添加更多信息" tabindex="-1">给错误添加更多信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#给错误添加更多信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给错误添加更多信息&quot;">​</a></h4><p>上面的程序能报出我们自定义的错误，但是没有具体说明是哪个数据出了问题，所以下面就来改进一下这个程序，我们使用 <code>fmt</code> 包中的 <code>Errorf</code> 函数，规定错误格式，并返回一个符合该错误的字符串。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Errorf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;计算错误, 长度</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">或宽度</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">，不能小于0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Errorf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;计算错误, 长度</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">或宽度</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">，不能小于0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>给错误添加更多信息还可以 <strong>使用结构体类型和字段</strong> 实现。下面还是通过改进上面的程序来讲解这种方法的实现：</p><p>首先创建一个表示错误的结构体类型，一般错误类型名称都是以 <code>Error</code> 结尾，上面的错误是由于面积计算中长度或宽度错误导致的，所以这里把结构体命名为 <code>areaError</code> ：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">areaError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误有关的长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误有关的宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用指针接收者 *areaError 实现了 error 接口的 Error() string 方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印长度和宽度以及错误的描述</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sprintf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;length </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, width </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, e.length, e.width, e.err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rectangleArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;length or width is negative&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a, b}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rectangleArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查了错误是否为 nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 断言 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err.(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError); ok {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果错误是 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 用 err.length 和 err.width 来获取错误的长度和宽度 打印出自定义错误的消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;length </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> or width </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> is less than zero&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err.length, err.width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">areaError</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误有关的长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误有关的宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用指针接收者 *areaError 实现了 error 接口的 Error() string 方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印长度和宽度以及错误的描述</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sprintf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;length </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, width </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, e.length, e.width, e.err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rectangleArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;length or width is negative&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a, b}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rectangleArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查了错误是否为 nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 断言 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err.(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError); ok {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果错误是 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 用 err.length 和 err.width 来获取错误的长度和宽度 打印出自定义错误的消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;length </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> or width </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> is less than zero&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err.length, err.width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>还可以使用 <strong>结构体类型的方法</strong> 来给错误添加更多信息。下面我们继续完善上面的程序，让程序更加精确的定位是长度引发的错误还是宽度引发的错误。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">areaError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用指针接收者 *areaError 实现了 error 接口的 Error() string 方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.err</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 长度为负数返回 true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lengthNegative</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 宽度为负数返回 true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">widthNegative</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(length, width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;length is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; and width is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError{err, length, width}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> width, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(length, width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查了错误是否为 nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 断言 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err.(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError); ok {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果错误是 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果长度为负数 打印错误长度具体值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lengthNegative</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;error: 长度 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 小于0</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err.length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果宽度为负数 打印错误宽度具体值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">widthNegative</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;error: 宽度 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 小于0</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err.width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">areaError</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用指针接收者 *areaError 实现了 error 接口的 Error() string 方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.err</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 长度为负数返回 true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lengthNegative</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 宽度为负数返回 true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">widthNegative</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(length, width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;length is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; and width is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError{err, length, width}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> width, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(length, width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查了错误是否为 nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 断言 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err.(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError); ok {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果错误是 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果长度为负数 打印错误长度具体值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lengthNegative</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;error: 长度 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 小于0</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err.length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果宽度为负数 打印错误宽度具体值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">widthNegative</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;error: 宽度 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 小于0</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err.width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="异常" tabindex="-1">异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异常&quot;">​</a></h3><p>错误和异常是两个不同的概念，非常容易混淆。错误指的是可能出现问题的地方出现了问题；而异常指的是不应该出现问题的地方出现了问题。</p><h3 id="panic" tabindex="-1">panic <a class="header-anchor" href="#panic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;panic&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在有些情况，当程序发生异常时，无法继续运行。在这种情况下，我们会使用 <code>panic</code> 来终止程序。当函数发生 <code>panic</code> 时，它会终止运行，在执行完所有的延迟函数后，程序返回到该函数的调用方。这样的过程会一直持续下去，直到当前协程的所有函数都返回退出，然后程序会打印出 <code>panic</code> 信息，接着打印出堆栈跟踪，最后程序终止。</p><p>我们应该尽可能地使用错误，而不是使用 <code>panic</code> 和 <code>recover</code> 。只有当程序不能继续运行的时候，才应该使用 <code>panic</code> 和 <code>recover</code> 机制。</p><p><code>panic</code> 有两个合理的用例：</p><ul><li>发生了一个不能恢复的错误，此时程序不能继续运行。一个例子就是 web 服务器无法绑定所要求的端口。在这种情况下，就应该使用 <code>panic</code> ，因为如果不能绑定端口，啥也做不了。</li><li>发生了一个编程上的错误。假如我们有一个接收指针参数的方法，而其他人使用 <code>nil</code> 作为参数调用了它。在这种情况下，我们可以使用 <code>panic</code> ，因为这是一个编程错误：用 <code>nil</code> 参数调用了一个只能接收合法指针的方法。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">panic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">panic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{})</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">panic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;panic error&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">panic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;panic error&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="发生-panic-时的-defer" tabindex="-1">发生 panic 时的 defer <a class="header-anchor" href="#发生-panic-时的-defer" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;发生 panic 时的 defer&quot;">​</a></h4><p>上面已经提到了，当函数发生 <code>panic</code> 时，它会终止运行，在执行完所有的延迟函数后，程序返回到该函数的调用方。这样的过程会一直持续下去，直到当前协程的所有函数都返回退出，然后程序会打印出 <code>panic</code> 信息，接着打印出堆栈跟踪，最后程序终止。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">myTest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;defer myTest&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">panic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;panic myTest&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;defer main&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">myTest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// defer myTest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// defer main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// panic: panic myTest</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">myTest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;defer myTest&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">panic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;panic myTest&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;defer main&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">myTest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// defer myTest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// defer main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// panic: panic myTest</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="recover" tabindex="-1">recover <a class="header-anchor" href="#recover" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;recover&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>recover</code> 是一个内建函数，用于重新获得 <code>panic</code> 协程的控制。下面是内建函数 <code>recover</code> 的签名：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">recover</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">recover</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>recover</code> 必须在 <code>defer</code> 函数中才能生效，在其他作用域下，它是不工作的。在延迟函数内调用 <code>recover</code> ，可以取到 <code>panic</code> 的错误信息，并且停止 <code>panic</code> 续发事件，程序运行恢复正常。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outOfArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// recover() 可以将捕获到的 panic 信息打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">recover</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(); err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> array [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    array[x] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 故意制造数组越界 触发 panic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">outOfArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果能执行到这句 说明 panic 被捕获了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 后续的程序能继续运行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// runtime error: index out of range [20] with length 5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main...</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outOfArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// recover() 可以将捕获到的 panic 信息打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">recover</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(); err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> array [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    array[x] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 故意制造数组越界 触发 panic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">outOfArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果能执行到这句 说明 panic 被捕获了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 后续的程序能继续运行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// runtime error: index out of range [20] with length 5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main...</span></span></code></pre></div><p>虽然该程序触发了 <code>panic</code> ，但由于我们使用了 <code>recover()</code> 捕获了 <code>panic</code> 异常，并输出 <code>panic</code> 信息，即使 <code>panic</code> 会导致整个程序退出，但在退出前，有 <code>defer</code> 延迟函数，还是得执行完 <code>defer</code> 。然后程序还会继续执行下去</p><p>只有在相同的协程中调用 <code>recover</code> 才管用， <code>recover</code> 不能恢复一个不同协程的 <code>panic</code>。</p><h2 id="make-和-new" tabindex="-1">make 和 new <a class="header-anchor" href="#make-和-new" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;make 和 new&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="new函数" tabindex="-1">new函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#new函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;new函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>内置函数 <code>new</code> 分配内存。该函数只接受一个参数，该参数是一个任意类型(包括自定义类型)，而不是值，返回指向该类型新分配零值的指针。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// The new built-in function allocates memory. The first argument is a type,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// not a value, and the value returned is a pointer to a newly</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// allocated zero value of that type.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Type) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Type</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// The new built-in function allocates memory. The first argument is a type,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// not a value, and the value returned is a pointer to a newly</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// allocated zero value of that type.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Type) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Type</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用 <code>new</code> 函数首先会分配内存，并设置类型零值，最后返回指向该类型新分配零值的指针。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印出类型的值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">num)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印出类型的值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">num)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="make函数" tabindex="-1">make函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#make函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;make函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>内置函数 <code>make</code> 只能分配和初始化类型为 <code>slice</code> 、 <code>map</code> 或 <code>chan</code> 的对象。与 <code>new</code> 一样，第一个参数是类型，而不是值。与 <code>new</code> 不同， <code>make</code> 的返回类型与其参数的类型相同，而不是指向它的指针。结果取决于类型：</p><ul><li><code>slice</code>：size 指定长度。切片的容量等于其长度。可提供第三个参数以指定不同的容量；它不能小于长度。</li><li><code>map</code>：为空映射分配足够的空间来容纳指定数量的元素。可以省略大小，在这种情况下，分配一个小的起始大小。</li><li><code>chan</code>：使用指定的缓冲区容量初始化通道的缓冲区。如果为零，或者忽略了大小，则通道是无缓冲的。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(t Type, size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">IntegerType) Type</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(t Type, size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">IntegerType) Type</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用make函数必须初始化</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// slice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// chan</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// slice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// chan</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="new-和-make-的区别" tabindex="-1">new 和 make 的区别 <a class="header-anchor" href="#new-和-make-的区别" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;new 和 make 的区别&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>new</code>：为所有的类型分配内存，并初始化为零值，返回指针。</p><p><code>make</code>：只能为 <code>slice</code> 、 <code>map</code> 、 <code>chan</code> 分配内存，并初始化，返回的是类型。</p><h2 id="反射" tabindex="-1">反射 <a class="header-anchor" href="#反射" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;反射&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="reflect-包" tabindex="-1">reflect 包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#reflect-包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;reflect 包&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Go 语言提供了一种机制，能够在运行时更新变量和检查它们的值、调用它们的方法，而不需要在编译时就知道这些变量的具体类型。这种机制被称为 <strong>反射</strong> 。</p><p>在 Go 中 <code>reflect</code> 包实现了运行时反射。<code>reflect</code> 包会帮助识别 <code>interface{}</code> 变量的底层具体类型和具体值。</p><h4 id="reflect-type" tabindex="-1">reflect.Type <a class="header-anchor" href="#reflect-type" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;reflect.Type&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>reflect.Type</code> 表示 <code>interface{}</code> 的具体类型。<code>reflect.TypeOf()</code> 方法返回 <code>reflect.Type</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="reflect-value" tabindex="-1">reflect.Value <a class="header-anchor" href="#reflect-value" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;reflect.Value&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>reflect.Value</code> 表示 <code>interface{}</code> 的具体值。<code>reflect.ValueOf()</code> 方法返回 <code>reflect.Value</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    typeX </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    valueX </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(typeX)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(valueX)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    typeX </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    valueX </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(typeX)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(valueX)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="relfect-kind" tabindex="-1">relfect.Kind <a class="header-anchor" href="#relfect-kind" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;relfect.Kind&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>relfect.Kind</code> 表示的是种类。在使用反射时，需要理解类型（Type）和种类（Kind）的区别。编程中，使用最多的是类型，但在反射中，当需要区分一个大品种的类型时，就会用到种类（Kind）。</p><p>Go 语言程序中的类型（Type）指的是系统原生数据类型，如 <code>int</code> 、 <code>string</code> 、 <code>bool</code> 、 <code>float32</code> 等类型，以及使用 <code>type</code> 关键字定义的类型，这些类型的名称就是其类型本身的名称。例如使用 <code>type A struct{}</code> 定义结构体时，<code>A</code> 就是 <code>struct{}</code> 的类型。</p><p>种类（Kind）指的是对象归属的品种，在 <code>reflect</code> 包中有如下定义：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// A Kind represents the specific kind of type that a Type represents.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// The zero Kind is not a valid kind.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Kind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Invalid Kind </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iota</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Bool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Int8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Int16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Int32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Int64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uint</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uint8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uint16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uint32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uint64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uintptr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Float32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Float64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Complex64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Complex128</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Array</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Chan</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Func</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Ptr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Slice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    UnsafePointer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// A Kind represents the specific kind of type that a Type represents.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// The zero Kind is not a valid kind.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Kind</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Invalid Kind </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iota</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Bool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Int8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Int16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Int32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Int64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uint</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uint8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uint16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uint32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uint64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uintptr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Float32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Float64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Complex64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Complex128</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Array</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Chan</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Func</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Ptr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Slice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    UnsafePointer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    typeX </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(typeX.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Kind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(typeX)        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    typeX </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(typeX.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Kind</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(typeX)        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">book</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="relfect-numfield" tabindex="-1">relfect.NumField() <a class="header-anchor" href="#relfect-numfield" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;relfect.NumField()&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>relfect.NumField()</code> 方法返回结构体中字段的数量。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查 x 的类别是 struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Kind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.Struct {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Number of fields&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    spend  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查 x 的类别是 struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Kind</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.Struct {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Number of fields&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">book</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    spend  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="relfect-field" tabindex="-1">relfect.Field() <a class="header-anchor" href="#relfect-field" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;relfect.Field()&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>relfect.Field(i int)</code> 方法返回字段 <code>i</code> 的 <code>reflect.Value</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查 x 的类别是 struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Kind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.Struct {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Number of fields&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(); i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Field:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> type:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> value:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Field</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i), v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Field</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    spend  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Number of fields 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Field:0 type:reflect.Value value:Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Field:1 type:reflect.Value value:8</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查 x 的类别是 struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Kind</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.Struct {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Number of fields&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(); i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Field:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> type:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> value:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Field</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i), v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Field</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">book</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    spend  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Number of fields 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Field:0 type:reflect.Value value:Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Field:1 type:reflect.Value value:8</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="反射的三大定律" tabindex="-1">反射的三大定律 <a class="header-anchor" href="#反射的三大定律" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;反射的三大定律&quot;">​</a></h3><p>一个接口变量，实际上都是由一 <code>pair</code> 对（type 和 data）组合而成，pair 对中记录着实际变量的值和类型。也就是说在真实世界（反射前环境）里，type 和 value 是合并在一起组成接口变量的。</p><p>而在反射的世界（反射后的环境）里，type 和 data 却是分开的，他们分别由 <code>reflect.Type</code> 和 <code>reflect.Value</code> 来表现。</p><p>Go语言反射三定律：</p><ol><li>Reflection goes from interface value to reflection object.</li><li>Reflection goes from reflection object to interface value.</li><li>To modify a reflection object, the value must be settable.</li></ol><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接口变量的类型为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> ，值为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 反射第一定律</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;从接口变量到反射对象：Type对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;从接口变量到反射对象：Value对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 反射第二定律</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;从反射对象到接口变量：对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">，值为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用类型断言进行转换</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x 类型为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">，值为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;接口变量的类型为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> ，值为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 反射第一定律</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;从接口变量到反射对象：Type对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;从接口变量到反射对象：Value对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 反射第二定律</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;从反射对象到接口变量：对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">，值为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用类型断言进行转换</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x 类型为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">，值为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Elem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SetFloat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">a).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Elem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SetFloat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,592),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const C=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git "a/assets/golang_base_golang\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.34f0e37a.lean.js" "b/assets/golang_base_golang\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.34f0e37a.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50e8f2a68
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/golang_base_golang\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.34f0e37a.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"Golang基础语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/base/golang基础语法.md","filePath":"golang/base/golang基础语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"golang/base/golang基础语法.md"},o=l("",592),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const C=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git a/assets/golang_cli_Cobra.md.011e6966.js b/assets/golang_cli_Cobra.md.011e6966.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0bfd9d02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/golang_cli_Cobra.md.011e6966.js
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"Cobra","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/cli/Cobra.md","filePath":"golang/cli/Cobra.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"golang/cli/Cobra.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="cobra" tabindex="-1">Cobra <a class="header-anchor" href="#cobra" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Cobra&quot;">​</a></h1><p>Cobra是一个能够快速构建cli工具的库，相比于之前用过的Python的argparser模块，Cobra更加强大、灵活，还有自动生成文档等功能。</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/main/site/content/user_guide.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/main/site/content/user_guide.md</a></p></blockquote><h3 id="安装cobra依赖" tabindex="-1">安装cobra依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装cobra依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装cobra依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>go get -u github.com/spf13/cobra@latest</code></p><h3 id="安装cobra-cli工具" tabindex="-1">安装cobra-cli工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装cobra-cli工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装cobra-cli工具&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>go install github.com/spf13/cobra-cli@latest</code></p><blockquote><p>cobra-cli会被安装到GOPATH的bin目录</p></blockquote><h3 id="使用cobra-cli初始化项目" tabindex="-1">使用cobra-cli初始化项目 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用cobra-cli初始化项目" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用cobra-cli初始化项目&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cobra-cli</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">//</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Your</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ready</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">at</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">//</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/Users/story/Developer/go/src/cobra-learn</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cobra-cli</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">//</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Your</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ready</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">at</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">//</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/Users/story/Developer/go/src/cobra-learn</span></span></code></pre></div><p>生成的目录结构:</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">LICENSE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go.mod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go.sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.go</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">LICENSE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go.mod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go.sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.go</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cobra-learn/cmd</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	cmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cobra-learn/cmd</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	cmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">os</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/spf13/cobra</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// rootCmd represents the base command when called without any subcommands</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootCmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra.Command{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Use:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cobra-learn&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Short: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;A brief description of your application&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Long: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">examples and usage of using your application. For example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">This application is a tool to generate the needed files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to quickly create a Cobra application.\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Uncomment the following line if your bare application</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// has an action associated with it:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) { },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Execute adds all child commands to the root command and sets flags appropriately.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// This is called by main.main(). It only needs to happen once to the rootCmd.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		os.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports persistent flags, which, if defined here,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// will be global for your application.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&amp;cfgFile, &quot;config&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;config file (default is $HOME/.cobra-learn.yaml)&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra also supports local flags, which will only run</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// when this action is called directly.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Flags</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BoolP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;toggle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Help message for toggle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">os</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/spf13/cobra</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// rootCmd represents the base command when called without any subcommands</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootCmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra.Command{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Use:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cobra-learn&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Short: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;A brief description of your application&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Long: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">examples and usage of using your application. For example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">This application is a tool to generate the needed files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">to quickly create a Cobra application.\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Uncomment the following line if your bare application</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// has an action associated with it:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) { },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Execute adds all child commands to the root command and sets flags appropriately.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// This is called by main.main(). It only needs to happen once to the rootCmd.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		os.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports persistent flags, which, if defined here,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// will be global for your application.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&amp;cfgFile, &quot;config&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;config file (default is $HOME/.cobra-learn.yaml)&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra also supports local flags, which will only run</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// when this action is called directly.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Flags</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">BoolP</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;toggle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Help message for toggle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>执行命令<code>go run main.go</code>会输出定义的详细描述</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">longer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">that</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">spans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multiple</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">lines</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">likely</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">examples</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">usage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">using</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">your</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">For</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CLI</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">library</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">that</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">empowers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">This</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">generate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">needed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">quickly</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application.</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.go</span><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">longer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">that</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">spans</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">multiple</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">lines</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">likely</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">examples</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">usage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">using</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">your</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">For</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CLI</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">library</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">that</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">empowers</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">This</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">generate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">needed</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">quickly</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">create</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application.</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="给命令添加子命令" tabindex="-1">给命令添加子命令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#给命令添加子命令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给命令添加子命令&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-cli</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">created</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">at</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/Users/story/Developer/go/src/cobra-learn</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-cli</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">created</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">at</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/Users/story/Developer/go/src/cobra-learn</span></span></code></pre></div><p>目录结构:</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">LICENSE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go.mod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go.sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.go</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">LICENSE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go.mod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go.sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.go</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// version.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/spf13/cobra</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd represents the version command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> versionCmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra.Command{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Use:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;version&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Short: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;A brief description of your command&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Long: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains examples</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and usage of using your command. For example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">This application is a tool to generate the needed files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to quickly create a Cobra application.\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Run: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra.Command, args []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;version called&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports Persistent Flags which will work for this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// and all subcommands, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.PersistentFlags().String(&quot;foo&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;A help for foo&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports local flags which will only run when this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// is called directly, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.Flags().BoolP(&quot;toggle&quot;, &quot;t&quot;, false, &quot;Help message for toggle&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// version.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/spf13/cobra</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd represents the version command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> versionCmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra.Command{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Use:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;version&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Short: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;A brief description of your command&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Long: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains examples</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">and usage of using your command. For example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">This application is a tool to generate the needed files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">to quickly create a Cobra application.\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Run: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra.Command, args []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;version called&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports Persistent Flags which will work for this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// and all subcommands, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.PersistentFlags().String(&quot;foo&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;A help for foo&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports local flags which will only run when this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// is called directly, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.Flags().BoolP(&quot;toggle&quot;, &quot;t&quot;, false, &quot;Help message for toggle&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>执行<code>go build</code>编译项目,会在项目根目录生成二进制文件<code>cobra-learn</code>执行该命令：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">longer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">that</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">spans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multiple</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">lines</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">likely</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">examples</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">usage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">using</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">your</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">For</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CLI</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">library</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">that</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">empowers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">This</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">generate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">needed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">quickly</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [command]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Available</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Commands:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">completion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Generate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">autocompletion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">specified</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">shell</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">about</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">brief</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">your</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">command</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Flags:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-t,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">toggle</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cobra-learn [command] --help&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">more</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">information</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">about</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">command.</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">longer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">that</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">spans</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">multiple</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">lines</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">likely</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">examples</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">usage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">using</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">your</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">For</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CLI</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">library</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">that</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">empowers</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">This</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">generate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">needed</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">quickly</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">create</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [command]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Available</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Commands:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">completion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Generate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">autocompletion</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">specified</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">shell</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">about</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#032F62;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">brief</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">your</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">command</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Flags:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-t,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">toggle</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Use</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cobra-learn [command] --help&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">more</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">information</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">about</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">command.</span></span></code></pre></div><p>执行<code>cobra-learn version</code>：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">called</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">called</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到调用命令执行的就是<code>Run</code>属性对应的函数</p><h3 id="给命令增加flag" tabindex="-1">给命令增加flag <a class="header-anchor" href="#给命令增加flag" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给命令增加flag&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports Persistent Flags which will work for this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// and all subcommands, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.PersistentFlags().String(&quot;foo&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;A help for foo&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports local flags which will only run when this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// is called directly, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Flags</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">StringP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ver&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;版本号&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports Persistent Flags which will work for this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// and all subcommands, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.PersistentFlags().String(&quot;foo&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;A help for foo&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports local flags which will only run when this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// is called directly, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Flags</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">StringP</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ver&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;版本号&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [flags]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Flags:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-v,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--ver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">版本号</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (default </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [flags]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Flags:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-v,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--ver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">版本号</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (default </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在Run函数中获取flag</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Run: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra.Command, args []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		ver, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Flags</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GetString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ver&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ver)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Run: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra.Command, args []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		ver, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Flags</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GetString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ver&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ver)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--ver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1234</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">1234</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用shorthand</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">1.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不带flag 使用默认值</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">                       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--ver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">123</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1234</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">1234</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用shorthand</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">1.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不带flag 使用默认值</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="修改命令配置" tabindex="-1">修改命令配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改命令配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改命令配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="自定义usage输出" tabindex="-1">自定义usage输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义usage输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义usage输出&quot;">​</a></h4><p>可以看到上面输出的<code>./cobra-learn version</code>的uage信息是默认的</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [flags]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [flags]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>我们可以通过<code>SetUsageTemplate</code>或<code>SetUsageFunc</code>自定义这一内容：</p><ul><li>SetUsageTemplate</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SetUsageTemplate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`Usage: story version [options] &lt;ver&gt;\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`版本号\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`Options:\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`  -h, --help   help for version\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SetUsageTemplate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`Usage: story version [options] &lt;ver&gt;\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`版本号\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`Options:\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`  -h, --help   help for version\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">accepts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">received</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">story</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [options] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ver</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">版本号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">accepts</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">s</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">received</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">story</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [options] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ver</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">版本号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>SetUsageFunc</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SetUsageFunc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra.Command) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Usage: story version&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SetUsageFunc</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra.Command) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Usage: story version&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">➜  cobra</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">learn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> build             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">➜  cobra</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">learn .</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">learn version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Usage: story version</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">➜  cobra</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">learn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> build             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">➜  cobra</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">learn .</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">learn version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Usage: story version</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="限制arg参数" tabindex="-1">限制arg参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#限制arg参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;限制arg参数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>Number of arguments:</p><ul><li><code>NoArgs</code> - report an error if there are any positional args.</li><li><code>ArbitraryArgs</code> - accept any number of args.</li><li><code>MinimumNArgs(int)</code> - report an error if less than N positional args are provided.</li><li><code>MaximumNArgs(int)</code> - report an error if more than N positional args are provided.</li><li><code>ExactArgs(int)</code> - report an error if there are not exactly N positional args.</li><li><code>RangeArgs(min, max)</code> - report an error if the number of args is not between <code>min</code> and <code>max</code>.</li></ul></li><li><p>Content of the arguments:</p><ul><li><code>OnlyValidArgs</code> - report an error if there are any positional args not specified in the <code>ValidArgs</code> field of <code>Command</code>, which can optionally be set to a list of valid values for positional args.</li></ul></li></ul><p>例：<code>Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1)</code></p><p>执行不带参数时：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">accepts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">received</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 提示需要提供一个参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">story</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">accepts</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">s</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">received</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 提示需要提供一个参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">story</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span></code></pre></div>`,48),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,F){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{C as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git a/assets/golang_cli_Cobra.md.011e6966.lean.js b/assets/golang_cli_Cobra.md.011e6966.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d631fe609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/golang_cli_Cobra.md.011e6966.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"Cobra","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/cli/Cobra.md","filePath":"golang/cli/Cobra.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"golang/cli/Cobra.md"},o=l("",48),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,F){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{C as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git a/assets/golang_index.md.31de1fdd.js b/assets/golang_index.md.31de1fdd.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82953f47f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/golang_index.md.31de1fdd.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as n,c as l,k as e,a as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Golang","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/index.md","filePath":"golang/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"golang/index.md"},s=e("h1",{id:"golang",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Golang "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#golang","aria-label":'Permalink to "Golang"'},"​")],-1),i=e("ul",null,[e("li",null,"基础"),e("li",null,"Web"),e("li",null,"Cli"),e("li",null,"工具")],-1),r=[s,i];function d(c,_,g,p,h,u){return n(),l("div",null,r)}const x=a(o,[["render",d]]);export{f as __pageData,x as default};
diff --git a/assets/golang_index.md.31de1fdd.lean.js b/assets/golang_index.md.31de1fdd.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82953f47f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/golang_index.md.31de1fdd.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as n,c as l,k as e,a as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Golang","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/index.md","filePath":"golang/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"golang/index.md"},s=e("h1",{id:"golang",tabindex:"-1"},[t("Golang "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#golang","aria-label":'Permalink to "Golang"'},"​")],-1),i=e("ul",null,[e("li",null,"基础"),e("li",null,"Web"),e("li",null,"Cli"),e("li",null,"工具")],-1),r=[s,i];function d(c,_,g,p,h,u){return n(),l("div",null,r)}const x=a(o,[["render",d]]);export{f as __pageData,x as default};
diff --git a/assets/golang_tools_redis-cleaner.md.e6208a6d.js b/assets/golang_tools_redis-cleaner.md.e6208a6d.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..baae33c8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/golang_tools_redis-cleaner.md.e6208a6d.js
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"Redis-cleaner","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/tools/redis-cleaner.md","filePath":"golang/tools/redis-cleaner.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"golang/tools/redis-cleaner.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="redis-cleaner" tabindex="-1">Redis-cleaner <a class="header-anchor" href="#redis-cleaner" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Redis-cleaner&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">context</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/redis/go-redis/v9</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ctx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建Redis客户端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NewClient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">redis.Options{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Addr: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;localhost:6379&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		DB:   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义匹配模式和批量处理大小</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	matchPattern </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	batchSize </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置游标初始值和删除计数器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	startCursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">uint64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	keysDeleted </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	memSaved </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 扫描Redis中的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		keys, cursor, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx, startCursor, matchPattern, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(batchSize)).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查每个key的过期时间并删除符合条件的键</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> keys {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			ttl, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TTL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果过期时间大于15年，则删除该键</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ttl.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Hours</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">24</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">365</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				mem, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MemoryUsage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Del</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Err</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				memSaved </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mem)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				keysDeleted</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果游标为0，则表示已完成遍历</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		startCursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cursor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;已删除 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 个过期时间大于10年的键</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, keysDeleted)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;已释放 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> MB内存</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, memSaved</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 关闭Redis客户端连接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">context</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/redis/go-redis/v9</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ctx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建Redis客户端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NewClient</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">redis.Options{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Addr: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;localhost:6379&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		DB:   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义匹配模式和批量处理大小</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	matchPattern </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	batchSize </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置游标初始值和删除计数器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	startCursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">uint64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	keysDeleted </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	memSaved </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 扫描Redis中的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		keys, cursor, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx, startCursor, matchPattern, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(batchSize)).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查每个key的过期时间并删除符合条件的键</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> keys {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			ttl, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TTL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果过期时间大于15年，则删除该键</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ttl.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Hours</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">24</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">365</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				mem, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MemoryUsage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Del</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Err</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				memSaved </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mem)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				keysDeleted</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果游标为0，则表示已完成遍历</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		startCursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cursor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;已删除 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 个过期时间大于10年的键</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, keysDeleted)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;已释放 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> MB内存</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, memSaved</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 关闭Redis客户端连接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,2),t=[o];function e(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,t)}const u=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{d as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git a/assets/golang_tools_redis-cleaner.md.e6208a6d.lean.js b/assets/golang_tools_redis-cleaner.md.e6208a6d.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fae0ee5b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/golang_tools_redis-cleaner.md.e6208a6d.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"Redis-cleaner","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/tools/redis-cleaner.md","filePath":"golang/tools/redis-cleaner.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"golang/tools/redis-cleaner.md"},o=l("",2),t=[o];function e(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,t)}const u=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{d as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git a/assets/golang_web_Gin.md.4dbc6d69.js b/assets/golang_web_Gin.md.4dbc6d69.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..891565bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/golang_web_Gin.md.4dbc6d69.js
@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const q=JSON.parse('{"title":"Gin","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/web/Gin.md","filePath":"golang/web/Gin.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"golang/web/Gin.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="gin" tabindex="-1">Gin <a class="header-anchor" href="#gin" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Gin&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>Gin is a HTTP web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a Martini-like API with much better performance -- up to 40 times faster. If you need smashing performance, get yourself some Gin.</p></blockquote><h2 id="gin安装和基本使用" tabindex="-1">Gin安装和基本使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#gin安装和基本使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Gin安装和基本使用&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">POST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/post&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;POST Data&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">POST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/post&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;POST Data&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p><code>curl -X GET http://localhost:8080</code></p><ul><li><code>Hello World!</code></li></ul></li><li><p><code>curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/post</code></p><ul><li><code>{&quot;message&quot;:&quot;POST Data&quot;}</code></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="返回一个静态页" tabindex="-1">返回一个静态页 <a class="header-anchor" href="#返回一个静态页" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;返回一个静态页&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置favicon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载静态页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 响应页面给前端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Main website&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置favicon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载静态页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 响应页面给前端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Main website&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>访问<code>localhost:8080</code>或<code>localhost:8080/index</code></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230701204904138.png" alt="静态页"></p><h2 id="加载资源文件" tabindex="-1">加载资源文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#加载资源文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;加载资源文件&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置favicon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载静态页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 响应页面给前端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Main website&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置favicon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载静态页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 响应页面给前端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Main website&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230701204606034.png" alt="加载资源文件"></p><h2 id="restful-api" tabindex="-1">Restful API <a class="header-anchor" href="#restful-api" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Restful API&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="query参数" tabindex="-1">Query参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#query参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Query参数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">net/http</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user/info&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		userId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Query</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		userName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Query</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:   userId,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: userName,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">net/http</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user/info&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		userId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Query</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		userName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Query</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:   userId,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: userName,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>curl -X GET &#39;http://localhost:8080/user/info?userId=123&amp;userName=小明&#39;</code><ul><li><code>{&quot;userId&quot;:&quot;123&quot;,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;小明&quot;}</code></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="body参数" tabindex="-1">Body参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#body参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Body参数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">encoding/json</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">net/http</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">POST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// request body []byte, err</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		body, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GetRawData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 包装为map类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> m </span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Unmarshal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(body, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">m)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusOK, m)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">encoding/json</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">net/http</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">POST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// request body []byte, err</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		body, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GetRawData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 包装为map类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> m </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Unmarshal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(body, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">m)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusOK, m)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>curl -X POST &#39;http://127.0.0.1:8080/user&#39; --header &#39;Content-Type: application/json&#39; --data &#39;{&quot;userName&quot;: &quot;张三&quot;}&#39;</code><ul><li><code>{&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;张三&quot;}</code></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="表单参数" tabindex="-1">表单参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#表单参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;表单参数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;Title&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/base.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;Hello World!&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">form</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">action</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user/add&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;post&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;submit&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;提交&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">form</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">src</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/base.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#22863A;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;Title&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/base.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">h1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;Hello World!&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">h1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">form</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">action</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user/add&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">method</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;post&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">button</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;submit&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;提交&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">form</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">src</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/base.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">net/http</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusOK, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">POST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user/add&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PostForm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		password </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PostForm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;msg&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;success&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;data&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: username,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: password,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">net/http</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusOK, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">POST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user/add&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PostForm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		password </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PostForm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;msg&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;success&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;data&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: username,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: password,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="路由" tabindex="-1">路由 <a class="header-anchor" href="#路由" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;路由&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">net/http</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向到首页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Redirect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusMovedPermanently, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusOK, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 404页面</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NoRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusNotFound, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;404.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;404&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">net/http</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向到首页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Redirect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusMovedPermanently, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusOK, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 404页面</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NoRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusNotFound, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;404.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;404&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="路由组" tabindex="-1">路由组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#路由组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;路由组&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	userGroup </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/get&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;get user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">POST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/post&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;post user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	userGroup </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/get&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;get user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">POST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/post&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;post user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="自定义中间件-拦截器" tabindex="-1">自定义中间件 拦截器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义中间件-拦截器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义中间件 拦截器&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">myHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() gin.HandlerFunc {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zhangsan&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 放行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// context.Abort() 阻止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	userGroup </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/get&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">myHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 获取拦截器里设置的值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MustGet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;get user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2023/07/01 21:36:53 zhangsan</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">myHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() gin.HandlerFunc {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zhangsan&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 放行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// context.Abort() 阻止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	userGroup </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/get&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">myHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 获取拦截器里设置的值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MustGet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;get user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2023/07/01 21:36:53 zhangsan</span></span></code></pre></div>`,29),t=[o];function e(c,r,E,y,i,u){return n(),a("div",null,t)}const g=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{q as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git a/assets/golang_web_Gin.md.4dbc6d69.lean.js b/assets/golang_web_Gin.md.4dbc6d69.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40752da62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/golang_web_Gin.md.4dbc6d69.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const q=JSON.parse('{"title":"Gin","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"golang/web/Gin.md","filePath":"golang/web/Gin.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"golang/web/Gin.md"},o=l("",29),t=[o];function e(c,r,E,y,i,u){return n(),a("div",null,t)}const g=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{q as __pageData,g as default};
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new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c86efbfa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/index.md.a1cf111e.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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diff --git a/assets/index.md.a1cf111e.lean.js b/assets/index.md.a1cf111e.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c86efbfa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/index.md.a1cf111e.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as e,c as a}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"","description":"","frontmatter":{"layout":"home","hero":{"name":"故事","text":"Document","tagline":"🚀 热爱，是所有的理由和答案","actions":[{"theme":"brand","text":"进入博客 →","link":"/java/"},{"theme":"alt","text":"GitHub","link":"https://github.com/storyxc"}],"image":{"src":"/logo.png","alt":"Story"}},"features":[{"title":"⌨️ Coding","details":"编程让我解构世界。"},{"title":"⚽️ Football","details":"白云偶尔会遮住蓝天，但蓝天永远在白云之上。"},{"title":"🎸 Guitar","details":"还记得，年少时的梦吗？"}]},"headers":[],"relativePath":"index.md","filePath":"index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"index.md"};function i(o,s,l,r,d,c){return e(),a("div")}const p=t(n,[["render",i]]);export{m as __pageData,p as default};
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diff --git "a/assets/java_base_JDK1.8HashMap\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.48e8fbda.js" "b/assets/java_base_JDK1.8HashMap\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.48e8fbda.js"
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@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const D=JSON.parse('{"title":"JDK1.8 HashMap源码学习","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/base/JDK1.8HashMap源码学习.md","filePath":"java/base/JDK1.8HashMap源码学习.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/base/JDK1.8HashMap源码学习.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="jdk1-8-hashmap源码学习" tabindex="-1">JDK1.8 HashMap源码学习 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jdk1-8-hashmap源码学习" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;JDK1.8 HashMap源码学习&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="hashmap" tabindex="-1">HashMap <a class="header-anchor" href="#hashmap" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HashMap&quot;">​</a></h2><p>HashMap是开发中最常用的容器之一，它也是Java集合框架中极为重要的组成部分，HashMap实现了Map接口，并继承 AbstractMap 抽象类</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AbstractMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cloneable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">***</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AbstractMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cloneable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">***</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>首先了解下HashMap的几个字段</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 默认的初始容量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//最大容量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.75f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认负载因子</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">transient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;[] table; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//哈希桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">transient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//容器中键值对的个数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">transient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modCount;	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//容器内部结构发生变化的次数，主要用于迭代的快速失败</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threshold; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阈值 table * loadFactor size超过这个值就会扩容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loadFactor; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//负载因子 默认0.75</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 默认的初始容量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//最大容量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.75f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认负载因子</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">transient</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;[] table; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//哈希桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">transient</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//容器中键值对的个数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">transient</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modCount;	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//容器内部结构发生变化的次数，主要用于迭代的快速失败</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threshold; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阈值 table * loadFactor size超过这个值就会扩容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loadFactor; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//负载因子 默认0.75</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Node的结构</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Node</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Map.Entry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> K key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    V value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Node</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">hash</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, K </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, V </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> K </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()        { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> V </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()      { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;=&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Objects.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(key) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">^</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Objects.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> V </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(V </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">newValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        V oldValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (o </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (o </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map.Entry) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Map.Entry&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Map.Entry</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)o;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Objects.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(key, e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Objects.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value, e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Node</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Map.Entry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> K key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    V value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Node</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">hash</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, K </span><span style="color:#E36209;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, V </span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> K </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()        { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> V </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()      { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;=&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Objects.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(key) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">^</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Objects.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> V </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(V </span><span style="color:#E36209;">newValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        V oldValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object </span><span style="color:#E36209;">o</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (o </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (o </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map.Entry) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Map.Entry&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Map.Entry</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)o;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Objects.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(key, e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Objects.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value, e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Node（JDK1.8之前叫Entry）是HashMap的静态内部类，实现了Map.Entry接口，包括了hash，key，value和下一节点next四个属性，<strong>是构成哈希表的基石，是哈希表存储的元素的具体形式。</strong></p><h3 id="构造方法" tabindex="-1">构造方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构造方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构造方法&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> initialCapacity, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loadFactor) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Illegal initial capacity: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                           initialCapacity);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (loadFactor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Float.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNaN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(loadFactor))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Illegal load factor: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                           loadFactor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loadFactor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.threshold </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(initialCapacity);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> initialCapacity) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// all other fields defaulted</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Map</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> extends K, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> extends V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> m) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">putMapEntries</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(m, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> initialCapacity, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loadFactor) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Illegal initial capacity: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                           initialCapacity);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (loadFactor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Float.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNaN</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(loadFactor))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Illegal load factor: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                           loadFactor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loadFactor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.threshold </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(initialCapacity);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> initialCapacity) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// all other fields defaulted</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Map</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> extends K, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> extends V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> m) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">putMapEntries</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(m, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>HashMap的初始容量和负载因子是影响map性能的关键参数，容量指的是table数组的大小，负载因子是衡量哈希表使用程度的一个尺度，负载因子越小，那哈希表空间的利用率就越低，造成的空间浪费就越严重。而如果负载因子越大，哈希表的利用率越高，带来的问题就是查找效率的下降。0.75是对空间和时间成本的折衷选择，一般情况下无需修改。</p><h2 id="hashmap的数据结构" tabindex="-1">HashMap的数据结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#hashmap的数据结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HashMap的数据结构&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>hash的概念：把任意长度的输入，通过hash算法，转换成相同长度的输出（通常为整型)。</p></li><li><p>HashMap的数据结构：</p><p>HashMap的底层数据结构结合了数组和链表（JDK1.8之前)，实际上就是一个链表数组，也就是上文提到的Node&lt;K,V&gt; table[]。我们都知道数组的优势是查找快，增删慢，而链表则是增删快，查找慢，而这种链表数组——拉链法，结合了二者的优势，查找快，增删也快。查找元素的时间复杂度为O（1+n），n为链表的长度。在JDK1.8之后，为了解决哈希冲突频繁的问题，在原来的基础上又引入了红黑树，当链表长度超过8时，链表便会转化为红黑树结构，查找的时间复杂度从O(1+n)变成了O(1+lgn），大大提高了查询效率，不必再遍历链表。</p></li><li><p>JDK1.8之前的HashMap结构 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2020-06-08_23-40-22.png" alt="Snipaste_20200608_234022.png"></p></li><li><p>JDK1.8的HashMap结构 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2020-06-08_23-41-01.png" alt="Snipaste_20200608_234101.png"></p></li></ul><h2 id="hashmap的功能" tabindex="-1">HashMap的功能 <a class="header-anchor" href="#hashmap的功能" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HashMap的功能&quot;">​</a></h2><p>HashMap中的方法很多，这里主要从hash，put，get，resize几个点深入研究</p><h3 id="hash" tabindex="-1">hash <a class="header-anchor" href="#hash" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;hash&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hash</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> h;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (h </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">^</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (h </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hash</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> h;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (h </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">^</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (h </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>首先，我们可以发现HashMap是允许null键的，而HashTable则不支持。</p><p><code>hash</code>方法的本质是对<code>key.hashCode()</code>和<code>key.hashCode()&gt;&gt;&gt;16</code>进行异或运算，<code>&gt;&gt;&gt;</code>为无符号右移运算符，就是将补码右移后高位补0。<code>^</code>异或是参与运算的数每一位上的数字对比，相同结果为0，不同结果为1。</p><p>所以hash方法的功能就是对高16bit和低16bit进行异或运算来减少碰撞。</p><h3 id="put方法" tabindex="-1">put方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#put方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;put方法&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> V </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(K key, V value) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">putVal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hash</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(key), key, value, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> V </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(K key, V value) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">putVal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hash</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(key), key, value, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="putval方法" tabindex="-1">putVal方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#putval方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;putVal方法&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> V </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">putVal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash, K key, V value, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onlyIfAbsent,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">               </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> evict) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;[] tab; Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; p; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n, i;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果table为空或者为初始化则进行初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((tab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> table) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tab.length) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (tab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()).length;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算插入的索引值（n- 1) &amp; hash，如果数组中这个索引位置为空 则直接插入，next指针指向为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tab[i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash]) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        tab[i] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">newNode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hash, key, value, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果key已经存在了，直接覆盖value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; e; K k;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (p.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ((k </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> p.key) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//把第一个元素赋值给e记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> p;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果是红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TreeNode)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)p).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">putTreeVal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, tab, hash, key, value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果为链表，进行遍历直到下一个节点为null或者key存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binCount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; ; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">binCount) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> p.next) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入链表最末端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    p.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">newNode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hash, key, value, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果链表长度达到阈值 转换为红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (binCount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TREEIFY_THRESHOLD </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// -1 for 1st</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">treeifyBin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tab, hash);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//判断链表中的节点key与即将插入的key是否相同</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    ((k </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.key) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//和前面的e = p.next对应 用来遍历链表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果key存在，则覆盖原来的value，返回oldValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// existing mapping for key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            V oldValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">onlyIfAbsent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                e.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//访问后的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">afterNodeAccess</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//记录结构修改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">modCount;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果哈希表中的键值对数量达到阈值，进行扩容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threshold)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入后的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">afterNodeInsertion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(evict);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> V </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">putVal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash, K key, V value, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onlyIfAbsent,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">               </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> evict) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;[] tab; Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; p; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n, i;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果table为空或者为初始化则进行初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((tab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> table) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tab.length) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (tab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resize</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()).length;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算插入的索引值（n- 1) &amp; hash，如果数组中这个索引位置为空 则直接插入，next指针指向为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tab[i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash]) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        tab[i] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">newNode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hash, key, value, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果key已经存在了，直接覆盖value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; e; K k;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (p.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ((k </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> p.key) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//把第一个元素赋值给e记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> p;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果是红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TreeNode)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)p).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">putTreeVal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, tab, hash, key, value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果为链表，进行遍历直到下一个节点为null或者key存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binCount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; ; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">binCount) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> p.next) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入链表最末端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    p.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">newNode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hash, key, value, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果链表长度达到阈值 转换为红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (binCount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TREEIFY_THRESHOLD </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// -1 for 1st</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">treeifyBin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tab, hash);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//判断链表中的节点key与即将插入的key是否相同</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    ((k </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.key) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//和前面的e = p.next对应 用来遍历链表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果key存在，则覆盖原来的value，返回oldValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// existing mapping for key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            V oldValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">onlyIfAbsent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                e.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//访问后的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">afterNodeAccess</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//记录结构修改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">modCount;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果哈希表中的键值对数量达到阈值，进行扩容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threshold)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resize</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入后的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">afterNodeInsertion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(evict);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>流程梳理：</p><ol><li><p>计算key的hash值 （h = key.hashCode() ^ h &gt;&gt;&gt; 16)</p></li><li><p>根据hash值和table数组的长度n计算插入table数组的索引，(n - 1) &amp; hash。由于n始终是2的n次方（为什么后面会介绍），所以(n - 1) &amp; hash 相等于 hash % n ，但是位运算要比取模效率更高</p></li><li><p>多种情况</p><ul><li><p>如果该位置没有数据，新生成一个节点保存新数据，返回null</p></li><li><p>如果该位置有数据且是红黑树结构，那么执行相应的插入 / 更新操作；</p></li><li><p>如果该位置有数据且是链表</p><ul><li>该链表没有这个节点，采用尾插法新增节点保存新数据，返回null</li><li>链表上有这个节点，比较key.hash是否一致，一致则覆盖value，返回oldValue</li></ul></li></ul></li></ol><p>流程图: <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2020-06-20_16-37-37.png" alt="Snipaste_20200620_163737.png"></p><h3 id="get" tabindex="-1">get <a class="header-anchor" href="#get" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;get&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> V </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getNode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hash</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(key), key)) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Node</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getNode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash, Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;[] tab; Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; first, e; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n; K k;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1. 定位键值对所在桶的位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((tab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> table) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tab.length) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        (first </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tab[(n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash]) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (first.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// always check first node</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ((k </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> first.key) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> first;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> first.next) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 如果 first 是 TreeNode 类型，则调用黑红树查找方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (first </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TreeNode)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)first).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTreeNode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hash, key);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 对链表进行查找</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    ((k </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.key) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.next) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> V </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getNode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hash</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(key), key)) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Node</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getNode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash, Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;[] tab; Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; first, e; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n; K k;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1. 定位键值对所在桶的位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((tab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> table) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tab.length) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        (first </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tab[(n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash]) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (first.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// always check first node</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ((k </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> first.key) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> first;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> first.next) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 如果 first 是 TreeNode 类型，则调用黑红树查找方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (first </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TreeNode)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)first).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTreeNode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hash, key);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 对链表进行查找</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    ((k </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.key) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.next) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="resize" tabindex="-1">resize <a class="header-anchor" href="#resize" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;resize&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Node</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//oldTable指向当前hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;[] oldTab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> table;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (oldTab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldTab.length;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threshold;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newCap, newThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (oldCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶不为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (oldCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果大于最大容量,则阈值设置为最大整数的值 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                threshold </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.MAX_VALUE;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                     oldCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶容量扩容一次(左移1位)后小于最大值,并且旧的桶容量大于默认值16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//新桶容量 = 旧桶容量*2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                newThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// double threshold</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (oldThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// initial capacity was placed in threshold</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldThr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// zero initial threshold signifies using defaults</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            newThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (newThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ft </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loadFactor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            newThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ft </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)ft </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.MAX_VALUE);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        threshold </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newThr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">SuppressWarnings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;rawtypes&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;unchecked&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化一个容量为newCap的新hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;[] newTab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Node</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[])</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Node</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[newCap];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将新桶复制给旧的hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        table </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (oldTab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶不为空,则开始扩容操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> j </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; j </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldCap; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">j) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldTab[j]) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//旧桶j处节点值赋值给e,如果不为空,将旧桶j节点设置为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    oldTab[j] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e后面没有节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        newTab[e.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//直接对e的hash值对新数组长度求模获得hash桶中存储位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TreeNode)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e为红黑树节点,将e添加到红黑树中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)e).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, newTab, j, oldCap);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// preserve order //如果是链表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; loHead </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, loTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; hiHead </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, hiTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.next;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e的下一节点赋值给next</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldCap) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e的hash值对旧桶长度求模为0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (loTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    loHead </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果loTail为null,将e赋给loHead</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    loTail.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//非则将e赋值给loTail的next节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                loTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e赋值给loTail节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e的hash值对旧桶长度取模不为0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (hiTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    hiHead </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//hiHead为null,将e赋值给hiHead</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    hiTail.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//否则e赋值给hiTail.next</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                hiTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e赋值给hiTail</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> next) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//直到e为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (loTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果loTail不为空,将loTail的下一节点设置为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            loTail.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将loHead赋值给新桶的j处</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            newTab[j] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loHead;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (hiTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果hiTail不为空,将hiTail的下一节点设置为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            hiTail.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//hiHead赋值给新桶的j+旧桶数组长度处</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            newTab[j </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldCap] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hiHead;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Node</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resize</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//oldTable指向当前hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;[] oldTab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> table;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (oldTab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldTab.length;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threshold;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newCap, newThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (oldCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶不为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (oldCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果大于最大容量,则阈值设置为最大整数的值 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                threshold </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.MAX_VALUE;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                     oldCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶容量扩容一次(左移1位)后小于最大值,并且旧的桶容量大于默认值16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//新桶容量 = 旧桶容量*2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                newThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// double threshold</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (oldThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// initial capacity was placed in threshold</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldThr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// zero initial threshold signifies using defaults</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            newThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (newThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ft </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loadFactor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            newThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ft </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)ft </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.MAX_VALUE);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        threshold </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newThr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SuppressWarnings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;rawtypes&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;unchecked&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化一个容量为newCap的新hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;[] newTab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Node</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[])</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Node</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[newCap];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将新桶复制给旧的hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        table </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (oldTab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶不为空,则开始扩容操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> j </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; j </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldCap; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">j) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldTab[j]) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//旧桶j处节点值赋值给e,如果不为空,将旧桶j节点设置为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    oldTab[j] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e后面没有节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        newTab[e.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//直接对e的hash值对新数组长度求模获得hash桶中存储位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TreeNode)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e为红黑树节点,将e添加到红黑树中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)e).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, newTab, j, oldCap);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// preserve order //如果是链表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; loHead </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, loTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; hiHead </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, hiTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.next;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e的下一节点赋值给next</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldCap) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e的hash值对旧桶长度求模为0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (loTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    loHead </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果loTail为null,将e赋给loHead</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    loTail.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//非则将e赋值给loTail的next节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                loTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e赋值给loTail节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e的hash值对旧桶长度取模不为0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (hiTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    hiHead </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//hiHead为null,将e赋值给hiHead</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    hiTail.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//否则e赋值给hiTail.next</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                hiTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e赋值给hiTail</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> next) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//直到e为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (loTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果loTail不为空,将loTail的下一节点设置为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            loTail.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将loHead赋值给新桶的j处</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            newTab[j] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loHead;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (hiTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果hiTail不为空,将hiTail的下一节点设置为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            hiTail.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//hiHead赋值给新桶的j+旧桶数组长度处</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            newTab[j </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldCap] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hiHead;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="为什么table的长度总是2的n次幂" tabindex="-1">为什么table的长度总是2的n次幂 <a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么table的长度总是2的n次幂" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;为什么table的长度总是2的n次幂&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>tableSizeFor(int cap)方法</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cap) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cap) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><p>测试类</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">65538</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cap));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cap</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cap);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Test</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">65538</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cap));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cap</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cap);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">010000000000000010</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">010000000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">011000000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">011110000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">011111111000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">011111111111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">011111111111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">100000000000000000</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">010000000000000010</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">010000000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">011000000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">011110000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">011111111000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">011111111111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">011111111111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">100000000000000000</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>分析 第一次运行： 10000000000000010 n &gt;&gt;&gt; 1; 01000000000000000 进行|运算 11000000000000001 把最大位的1，通过位移后移一位，并且通过|运算，组合起来 第二次运行： 11000000000000001 n &gt;&gt;&gt; 2; 00110000000000000 进行|运算 11110000000000001 把最大的两位，已经变成1的，往后移动两位，并且通过|运算，组合起来 第三次运行： 11110000000000001 n &gt;&gt;&gt; 4; 00001111000000000 进行|运算 11111111000000001 把最大4位，已经变成1的，往后移动4位，并且通过|运算，组合起来 第四次运行： 11111111000000001 n &gt;&gt;&gt; 8; 00000000111111110 进行|运算 11111111111111111 把最大的8位，已经变成1的，往后移动8位，并且通过|运算，组合起来 第五次运算： 同上进行16位运算 第六次运算： 返回结果,格式为最高位为1其他为全为0的值,即一定是2的整数次幂</li></ul>`,40),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{D as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_base_JDK1.8HashMap\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.48e8fbda.lean.js" "b/assets/java_base_JDK1.8HashMap\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.48e8fbda.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa836bbc6
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_base_JDK1.8HashMap\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.48e8fbda.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const D=JSON.parse('{"title":"JDK1.8 HashMap源码学习","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/base/JDK1.8HashMap源码学习.md","filePath":"java/base/JDK1.8HashMap源码学习.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/base/JDK1.8HashMap源码学习.md"},o=l("",40),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{D as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_base_Java8\346\226\260\347\211\271\346\200\247\345\233\236\351\241\276.md.6eedd53f.js" "b/assets/java_base_Java8\346\226\260\347\211\271\346\200\247\345\233\236\351\241\276.md.6eedd53f.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a0d968c0
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_base_Java8\346\226\260\347\211\271\346\200\247\345\233\236\351\241\276.md.6eedd53f.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"Java8新特性回顾","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/base/Java8新特性回顾.md","filePath":"java/base/Java8新特性回顾.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/base/Java8新特性回顾.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="java8新特性回顾" tabindex="-1">Java8新特性回顾 <a class="header-anchor" href="#java8新特性回顾" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Java8新特性回顾&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="lambda表达式" tabindex="-1">lambda表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#lambda表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;lambda表达式&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Lambda 允许把函数作为一个方法的参数（函数作为参数传递进方法中）</p><h3 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameters) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expression</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">或</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameters) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{ statements; }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameters) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expression</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">或</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameters) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{ statements; }</span></span></code></pre></div><p>以下是lambda表达式的重要特征:</p><ul><li><strong>可选类型声明</strong>：不需要声明参数类型，编译器可以统一识别参数值。</li><li><strong>可选的参数圆括号</strong>：一个参数无需定义圆括号，但<strong>多个参数需要定义圆括号</strong>。</li><li><strong>可选的大括号</strong>：如果主体包含了一个语句，就不需要使用大括号。</li><li><strong>可选的返回关键字</strong>：如果主体只有一个表达式返回值则编译器会自动返回值，大括号需要指定表达式返回了一个数值。</li></ul><h3 id="示例" tabindex="-1">示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;示例&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1. 不需要参数,返回值为 5  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 接收一个参数(数字类型),返回其2倍的值  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3. 接受2个参数(数字),并返回他们的差值  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x, y) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x – y  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4. 接收2个int型整数,返回他们的和  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5. 接受一个 string 对象,并在控制台打印,不返回任何值(看起来像是返回void)  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String s) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1. 不需要参数,返回值为 5  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 接收一个参数(数字类型),返回其2倍的值  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3. 接受2个参数(数字),并返回他们的差值  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(x, y) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x – y  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4. 接收2个int型整数,返回他们的和  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5. 接受一个 string 对象,并在控制台打印,不返回任何值(看起来像是返回void)  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(String s) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="变量作用域" tabindex="-1">变量作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量作用域" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量作用域&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>lambda 表达式只能引用标记了 final 的外层局部变量，这就是说不能在 lambda 内部修改定义在域外的局部变量，否则会编译错误。</li><li>lambda 表达式的局部变量可以不用声明为 final，但是必须不可被后面的代码修改（即隐性的具有 final 的语义）</li><li>在 Lambda 表达式当中不允许声明一个与局部变量同名的参数或者局部变量。</li></ul><h3 id="lambda表达和匿名内部类的区别" tabindex="-1">lambda表达和匿名内部类的区别 <a class="header-anchor" href="#lambda表达和匿名内部类的区别" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;lambda表达和匿名内部类的区别&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>第一点：所需类型不同</p><p>匿名内部类：可以是接口，也可以是抽象类，还可以是具体类。 **Lambda表达式：**只能是接口。</p><p>第二点：使用限制不同</p><p>1，如果接口中有且仅有一个抽象方法，可以使用Lambda表达式，也可以使用匿名内部类。 2，如果接口中有多于一个抽象方法，只能使用匿名内部类，不可以使用Lambda表达式。</p><p>第三点：实现原理不同</p><p>匿名内部类：编译之后会产生一个单独的.class字节码文件。 Lambda表达式：编译之后没有产生一个单独的.class字节码文件，对应的字节码文件会在运行的时候动态生成。</p></blockquote><h2 id="函数式接口" tabindex="-1">函数式接口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数式接口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数式接口&quot;">​</a></h2><p>函数式接口(Functional Interface)就是一个有且仅有一个抽象方法，但是可以有多个非抽象方法的接口。</p><p>函数式接口可以被隐式转换为 lambda 表达式。</p><p>Lambda 表达式和方法引用（实际上也可认为是Lambda表达式）上。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">FunctionalInterface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GreetingService</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sayMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">GreetingService greetService1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FunctionalInterface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GreetingService</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sayMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">GreetingService greetService1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message);</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="stream" tabindex="-1">Stream <a class="header-anchor" href="#stream" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Stream&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Stream 使用一种类似用 SQL 语句从数据库查询数据的直观方式来提供一种对 Java 集合运算和表达的高阶抽象。</p><p>这种风格将要处理的元素集合看作一种流， 流在管道中传输， 并且可以在管道的节点上进行处理， 比如筛选， 排序，聚合等。</p><p>元素流在管道中经过中间操作（intermediate operation）的处理，最后由最终操作(terminal operation)得到前面处理的结果。</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">+--------------------+       +------+   +------+   +---+   +-------+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">| stream of elements +-----&gt; |filter+-&gt; |sorted+-&gt; |map+-&gt; |collect|</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">+--------------------+       +------+   +------+   +---+   +-------+</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">+--------------------+       +------+   +------+   +---+   +-------+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">| stream of elements +-----&gt; |filter+-&gt; |sorted+-&gt; |map+-&gt; |collect|</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">+--------------------+       +------+   +------+   +---+   +-------+</span></span></code></pre></div><p>以上的流程转换为 Java 代码为：</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; transactionsIds </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">widgets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stream</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RED)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sorted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((x,y) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getWeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getWeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mapToInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Widget</span><span style="color:#F97583;">::</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">getWeight)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; transactionsIds </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">widgets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stream</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">             .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RED)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">             .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sorted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((x,y) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getWeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getWeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">             .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mapToInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Widget</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">::</span><span style="color:#24292E;">getWeight)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">             .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Stream（流）是一个来自数据源的元素队列并支持聚合操作</p><ul><li>元素是特定类型的对象，形成一个队列。 Java中的Stream并不会存储元素，而是按需计算。</li><li><strong>数据源</strong> 流的来源。 可以是集合，数组，I/O channel等。</li><li><strong>聚合操作</strong> 类似SQL语句一样的操作， 比如filter, map, reduce, find, match, sorted等。</li></ul><p>和以前的Collection操作不同， Stream操作还有两个基础的特征：</p><ul><li><strong>Pipelining</strong>: 中间操作都会返回流对象本身。 这样多个操作可以串联成一个管道， 如同流式风格（fluent style）。 这样做可以对操作进行优化， 比如延迟执行(laziness)和短路( short-circuiting)。</li><li><strong>内部迭代</strong>： 以前对集合遍历都是通过Iterator或者For-Each的方式, 显式的在集合外部进行迭代， 这叫做外部迭代。 Stream提供了内部迭代的方式， 通过访问者模式(Visitor)实现。</li></ul><h3 id="流的特性" tabindex="-1">流的特性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#流的特性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流的特性&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>stream</code>不存储数据，而是按照特定的规则对数据进行计算，一般会输出结果；</p></li><li><p><code>stream</code><strong>不会改变数据源</strong>，通常情况下会产生一个新的集合；</p></li><li><p><code>stream</code>具有<strong>延迟执行特性，只有调用终端操作时，中间操作才会执行</strong>。</p></li><li><p>对<code>stream</code>操作分为终端操作和中间操作，那么这两者分别代表什么呢？ 终端操作：会消费流，这种操作会产生一个结果的，如果一个流被消费过了，那它就不能被重用的。 中间操作：中间操作会产生另一个流。因此中间操作可以用来创建执行一系列动作的管道。一个特别需要注意的点是: 中间操作不是立即发生的。相反，当在中间操作创建的新流上执行完终端操作后，中间操作指定的操作才会发生。所以中间操作是延迟发生的，中间操作的延迟行为主要是让流API能够更加高效地执行。</p></li><li><p><code>stream</code>不可复用，对一个已经进行过终端操作的流再次调用，会抛出异常。</p></li></ul><h3 id="生成流" tabindex="-1">生成流 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生成流" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生成流&quot;">​</a></h3><p>集合创建流：</p><ul><li><strong>stream()</strong> − 为集合创建串行流。</li><li><strong>parallelStream()</strong> − 为集合创建并行流。</li></ul><p>数组创建流：</p><ul><li>Arrays.stream(arr)</li><li>Stream.of(arr)</li></ul><h3 id="常用方法" tabindex="-1">常用方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常用方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常用方法&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>foreach：迭代</li><li>map：将元素映射为另一种元素</li><li>filter：过滤元素</li><li>limit：获取制定数量的流</li><li>count：统计数量</li><li>max：最大值</li><li>min：最小值</li><li>sorted：排序，可以使用自然排序或特定比较器。</li><li>reduce：把一个流缩减为一个值，比如对一个集合求和等</li><li>collect：collect操作可接收各种方法为参数，将流中数据汇总，例如Collectors.toList()。</li><li>joining：将元素用特定字符链接起来</li><li>concat：可以组合两个流</li></ul><h2 id="optional" tabindex="-1">Optional <a class="header-anchor" href="#optional" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Optional&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Optional 类是一个可以为null的容器对象。如果值存在则isPresent()方法会返回true，调用get()方法会返回该对象。</p><p>Optional 是个容器：它可以保存类型T的值，或者仅仅保存null。Optional提供很多有用的方法，这样我们就不用显式进行空值检测。</p><p>Optional 类的引入很好的解决空指针异常。</p><h3 id="示例-1" tabindex="-1">示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#示例-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;示例&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Java8Tester</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Java8Tester java8Tester </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Java8Tester</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Integer value1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Integer value2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.ofNullable - 允许传递为 null 参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Optional.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ofNullable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.of - 如果传递的参数是 null，抛出异常 NullPointerException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Optional.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(java8Tester.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a,b));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.isPresent - 判断值是否存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第一个参数值存在: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isPresent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第二个参数值存在: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isPresent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.orElse - 如果值存在，返回它，否则返回默认值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Integer value1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">orElse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//Optional.get - 获取值，值需要存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Integer value2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">第一个参数值存在</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">第二个参数值存在</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Java8Tester</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Java8Tester java8Tester </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Java8Tester</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Integer value1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Integer value2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.ofNullable - 允许传递为 null 参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Optional.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ofNullable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.of - 如果传递的参数是 null，抛出异常 NullPointerException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Optional.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(java8Tester.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a,b));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.isPresent - 判断值是否存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第一个参数值存在: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isPresent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第二个参数值存在: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isPresent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.orElse - 如果值存在，返回它，否则返回默认值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Integer value1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">orElse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//Optional.get - 获取值，值需要存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Integer value2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">第一个参数值存在</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">第二个参数值存在</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span></code></pre></div>`,44),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,g){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const F=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_base_Java8\346\226\260\347\211\271\346\200\247\345\233\236\351\241\276.md.6eedd53f.lean.js" "b/assets/java_base_Java8\346\226\260\347\211\271\346\200\247\345\233\236\351\241\276.md.6eedd53f.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
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+++ "b/assets/java_base_Java8\346\226\260\347\211\271\346\200\247\345\233\236\351\241\276.md.6eedd53f.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"Java8新特性回顾","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/base/Java8新特性回顾.md","filePath":"java/base/Java8新特性回顾.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/base/Java8新特性回顾.md"},o=l("",44),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,g){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const F=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_base_String\347\261\273\347\232\204\346\267\261\345\205\245\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.1ab7d4e0.js" "b/assets/java_base_String\347\261\273\347\232\204\346\267\261\345\205\245\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.1ab7d4e0.js"
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+++ "b/assets/java_base_String\347\261\273\347\232\204\346\267\261\345\205\245\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.1ab7d4e0.js"
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+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"String类的深入学习","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/base/String类的深入学习.md","filePath":"java/base/String类的深入学习.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/base/String类的深入学习.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="string类的深入学习" tabindex="-1">String类的深入学习 <a class="header-anchor" href="#string类的深入学习" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;String类的深入学习&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="string类" tabindex="-1">String类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#string类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;String类&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.io.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Comparable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CharSequence</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /** The value is used for character storage. */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value[];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.io.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Comparable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CharSequence</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /** The value is used for character storage. */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value[];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_1-string类的声明" tabindex="-1">1.String类的声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-string类的声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.String类的声明&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>String类是final的,不可以被继承</li><li>String类底层是char型数组实现的</li><li>value[] 也是final的,而且是private修饰的,这就保证了String类的对象一旦被初始化就无法更改。</li></ul><blockquote><p>String对象被创建后就无法更改指的是常规方法无法更改,因为String类是由char型数组实现的,而这个数组value也是一个引用,我们可以通过暴力反射setAccessible(true),来修改value数组的内容。</p></blockquote><h3 id="_2-常用构造方法" tabindex="-1">2.常用构造方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-常用构造方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.常用构造方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>1.<code>String str = new String();</code>构造一个空字符串</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>2.<code>String str = new String(String string)</code>根据指定的字符串来构造新的String对象</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String original) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> original.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> original.hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String original) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> original.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> original.hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>3.<code>String str = new String(char[] value)</code>通过指定字符数组来构造新的String对象</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value[]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Arrays.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">copyOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value, value.length);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value[]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Arrays.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">copyOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value, value.length);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当然,还有我们最常用的<code>String str = &quot;123&quot;</code>,不过这种通过<strong>字面量</strong>形式构造对象的方式完全等同于上述的第三种形式,实际上它的实现是:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] chars </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;3&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(chars);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] chars </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;3&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(chars);</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_3-关于声明一个字符串是否创建了对象" tabindex="-1">3.关于声明一个字符串是否创建了对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-关于声明一个字符串是否创建了对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.关于声明一个字符串是否创建了对象&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>由字面量声明的字符串不一定创建了对象</li></ul><p>String a = &quot;123&quot;;是否创建了对象要看字符串常量池中,是否已经有了&quot;123&quot;这个对象,如果有,那么这句代码就没有创建对象,如果没有,那么就在字符串常量池中创建了一个&quot;123&quot;对象.</p><ul><li>通过new出来的字符串一定创建了对象</li></ul><p>String a = new String(&quot;123&quot;),无论字符串常量池是否有&quot;123&quot;这个对象,这句代码都会创建对象,区别就在于创建了一个还是两个.假如常量池中没有,那么就分别在常量池和堆区都分别创建了&quot;123&quot;对象。如果常量池中有该对象,那么就只在堆区中创建一个&quot;123&quot;对象。</p><h2 id="字符串常量池" tabindex="-1">字符串常量池 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字符串常量池" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字符串常量池&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-字符串常量池的设计思想" tabindex="-1">1.字符串常量池的设计思想 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-字符串常量池的设计思想" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.字符串常量池的设计思想&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>字符串的分配，和其他的对象分配一样，耗费高昂的时间与空间代价，作为最基础的数据类型，大量频繁的创建字符串，极大程度地影响程序的性能</p></li><li><p>JVM为了提高性能和减少内存开销，为字符串开辟一个字符串常量池，类似于缓存区,创建字符串常量时，首先判断字符串常量池是否存在该字符串.如果存在该字符串，返回引用实例，不存在，实例化该字符串并放入池中</p></li><li><p>实现的基础:字符串<strong>不可变</strong></p></li></ul><h3 id="_2-字符串常量池的位置" tabindex="-1">2.字符串常量池的位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-字符串常量池的位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.字符串常量池的位置&quot;">​</a></h3><p>字符串常量池在JDK1.6之前是存放在Perm区的(永久代),也就是我们常说的方法区,而在JDK1.7之后,字符串常量池已经被移到了Heap区(堆区)存放,而在JDK1.8,Perm区已经被移除了,取而代之是元空间。</p><blockquote><p>我们常说的方法区,其实是JVM中提出的规范,永久代和方法区的关系,类似我们Java中的类与接口,方法区是一个接口,制定了规范,而永久代是HotSpot虚拟机对这个规范的实现</p></blockquote><p>并且,字符串常量池相较其他常量池有着特殊性:</p><ul><li><p>直接使用字面量声明的String对象，如果在常量池中不存在，那么就会直接存储在字符串常量池中,如果存在,那么就会直接指向字符串常量池中的对象</p></li><li><p>而通过new关键字创建的String对象,如果在常量池中不存在，可以通过native方法<code>intern</code>手动入池。而即使常量池中存在这个字符串,这个方法就不会生效.</p></li><li><p><strong>能否入池，都取决于字符串常量池中是否存在该字符串。</strong></p><ul><li>如果不存在就会入池。</li><li>如果存在，那么通过字面量声明的字符串就会直接从常量池中取值；而intern方法就没有任何效果</li></ul></li></ul><p><strong>很重要的一点：</strong></p><p>​ 由于JDK对于字符串常量池的改动，在JDK1.7和之后的版本，字符串常量池都在堆区中了，而且，<strong>使用intern方法入池的字符串，不会再在字符串常量池中创建一个对象，而是保存调用intern方法的这个字符串的引用。</strong></p><h2 id="stringbuilder和stringbuffer" tabindex="-1">StringBuilder和StringBuffer <a class="header-anchor" href="#stringbuilder和stringbuffer" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;StringBuilder和StringBuffer&quot;">​</a></h2><p>众所周知，在Java中,运算符<code>+</code>在和字符串一起使用时的作用是<code>拼接</code>,而非运算,那么到底是什么原因呢,其实底层就是StringBuffer(JDK1.0)和StringBuilder(JDK1.5之后)实现的。</p><p>看了API就会发现，StringBuilder和StringBuffer都是<strong>可变字符序列</strong>，而且两者的方法是完全一样的，唯一的区别就是线程安全问题，StringBuilder是线程不安全的，而StringBuffer是线程安全的，而StringBuffer始于JDK1.0，StringBuilder始于JDK1.5，也就是说，StringBuilder的出现，就是为了在单线程条件下替换StringBuffer，也就意味着，在不考虑线程安全问题的情况下，我们通常都会使用StringBuilder，因为没有线程问题的影响，StringBuilder的速度更快。</p><p>再说回字符串拼接的问题，</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(d);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//&quot;123&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(d);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//&quot;123&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面这个代码片段的底层实现,其实是:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">valueof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a))).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">valueof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a))).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>换言之,字符串拼接,其实是创建了一个新的StringBuilder的对象,来调用append方法进行拼接,拼接完成后再调用toString方法来返回一个新的字符串.</p><p>因此,</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;World&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(d);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c</span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">d);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;World&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(d);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;">d);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个代码片段的结果是HelloWorld,HelloWorld,false。</p><p>原因是StringBuilder的toString方法每次都会返回一个new出来的String对象。源码如下:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//StringBuilder类重写的toString方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Create a copy, don&#39;t share the array</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, count);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//StringBuilder类重写的toString方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Create a copy, don&#39;t share the array</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, count);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="关于string类的面试题" tabindex="-1">关于String类的面试题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关于string类的面试题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关于String类的面试题&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="题目1" tabindex="-1">题目1: <a class="header-anchor" href="#题目1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;题目1:&quot;">​</a></h3><h3 id="string-str-new-string-123-一共创建了几个对象" tabindex="-1">String str = new String（&quot;123&quot;)一共创建了几个对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#string-str-new-string-123-一共创建了几个对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;String str = new String（&quot;123&quot;)一共创建了几个对象&quot;">​</a></h3><p>答:</p><p>1.假如字符串常量池中没有&quot;123&quot;这个字符串,那么这条代码就创建了两个对象,第一个是在字符串常量池中创建了字符串对象&quot;123&quot;,然后在堆区创建了一个字符串对象&quot;123&quot;,接着会把堆区这个&quot;123&quot;的引用地址值赋给在栈区声明的str。</p><p>2.假如字符串常量池中有&quot;123&quot;这个字符串,那么就只创建了一个对象,就是在堆区中创建了对象&quot;123&quot;,然后把地址值赋给str.</p><h3 id="题目2" tabindex="-1">题目2: <a class="header-anchor" href="#题目2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;题目2:&quot;">​</a></h3><p>引用自:<a href="https://tech.meituan.com/2014/03/06/in-depth-understanding-string-intern.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">深入解析String#intern-美团技术团队</a></p><p><strong>代码片段1:</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">intern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s3.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">intern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;11&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s4);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">intern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s3.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">intern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;11&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s4);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在JDK1.6中:结果是<code>false false</code></p><p>在JDK1.7中:结果是<code> false true</code></p><p>分析:</p><ul><li><strong>在JDK1.6中:字符串常量池存储于永久代</strong></li></ul><p>String s1 = new String(&quot;1&quot;)首先在字符串常量池中创建了对象&quot;1&quot;,然后在堆区创建对象&quot;1&quot;,s1的引用指向的是堆区的对象;</p><p>s1.intern()方法,会查找字符串常量池中是否有&quot;1&quot;这个对象,结果里面有,所以这个方法没有生效,等于没写.</p><p>String s2 = &quot;1&quot;,因为常量池中已经有&quot;1&quot;这个字符串了,所以s2指向了常量池中&quot;1&quot;</p><p><strong>s1指向堆区,s2指向永久代,显然二者地址不同,结果为false</strong></p><p>String s3 = new String(&quot;1&quot;) + new String(&quot;1&quot;);这句代码在堆区创建了两个匿名&quot;1&quot;对象,拼接后的等于在堆区中创建了字符串&quot;11&quot;对象</p><p>s3.intern()方法将&quot;11&quot;对象保存在了字符串常量池中</p><p>String s4 = &quot;11&quot;,指向的是字符串常量池中&quot;11&quot;对象</p><p><strong>s3指向堆区,s4指向永久代,结果为false</strong></p><ul><li><strong>在JDK1.7中:字符串常量池存储于堆区,且intern方法不会创建对象,而是保存堆区对象的引用</strong></li></ul><p>s1在常量池和堆区分别创建了对象&quot;1&quot;,s1指向的是堆区的&quot;1&quot;对象,s.intern()方法无效,s2指向的是常量池中的&quot;1&quot;对象,s1和s2指向地址不同,所以是false;</p><p>s3在堆区创建了对象&quot;11&quot;,s3.intern()将堆区对象存在常量池中,<strong>但是</strong>!!! 这里的<strong>存</strong>是将堆区中&quot;11&quot;的引用存在了常量池,而非创建对象.</p><p>所以s4指向常量池中的引用,其实就是s3的引用,所以s3==s4为true。</p><p><strong>代码片段2：</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s1.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">intern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;11&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s3.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">intern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s4);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s1.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">intern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;11&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s3.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">intern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s4);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>JDK1.6结果:<code>false false</code></p><p>JDK1.7结果:<code>false false</code></p><p>分析:</p><ul><li><strong>在JDK1.6中:字符串常量池存储于永久代</strong></li></ul><p>s1在常量池和堆区分别创建了对象&quot;1&quot;,s1指堆区的对象&quot;1&quot;;</p><p>s2指向的是常量池的对象&quot;1&quot;</p><p>因为常量池中有&quot;1&quot;这个对象,所以s1.intern()无效</p><p><strong>s1,s2二者指向地址不同,所以是false.</strong></p><p>s3在堆区创建了对象&quot;11&quot;</p><p>s4在常量池创建了对象&quot;11&quot;,并指向了常量池中的&quot;11&quot;对象</p><p>常量池中已经有了对象&quot;11&quot;,s3.intern()无效</p><p><strong>s3,s4指向不同,所以false</strong></p><ul><li><strong>在JDK1.7中:字符串常量池存储于堆区,且intern方法不会创建对象,而是保存堆区对象的引用</strong></li></ul><p>s1在常量池和堆区分别创建了对象&quot;1&quot;,s1指堆区的对象&quot;1&quot;;</p><p>s2指向的是常量池的对象&quot;1&quot;</p><p>因为常量池中有&quot;1&quot;这个对象,所以s1.intern()无效</p><p><strong>s1,s2二者指向地址不同,所以是false.</strong></p><p>s3在堆区创建了对象&quot;11&quot;</p><p>s4在常量池创建了对象&quot;11&quot;,并指向了常量池中的&quot;11&quot;对象</p><p>常量池中已经有了对象&quot;11&quot;,s3.intern()无效</p><p><strong>s3,s4指向不同,所以false</strong></p>`,92),t=[o];function e(r,c,E,i,y,u){return n(),a("div",null,t)}const q=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{d as __pageData,q as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_base_String\347\261\273\347\232\204\346\267\261\345\205\245\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.1ab7d4e0.lean.js" "b/assets/java_base_String\347\261\273\347\232\204\346\267\261\345\205\245\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.1ab7d4e0.lean.js"
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"String类的深入学习","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/base/String类的深入学习.md","filePath":"java/base/String类的深入学习.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/base/String类的深入学习.md"},o=l("",92),t=[o];function e(r,c,E,i,y,u){return n(),a("div",null,t)}const q=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{d as __pageData,q as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_database_MySql\347\264\242\345\274\225.md.7e00d74e.js" "b/assets/java_database_MySql\347\264\242\345\274\225.md.7e00d74e.js"
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@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"MySql索引","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/database/MySql索引.md","filePath":"java/database/MySql索引.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/database/MySql索引.md"},e=n(`<h1 id="mysql索引" tabindex="-1">MySql索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mysql索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MySql索引&quot;">​</a></h1><p>本篇内容基于MySQL的InnoDB存储引擎。</p><h2 id="索引的概念" tabindex="-1">索引的概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引的概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引的概念&quot;">​</a></h2><p>索引是一个单独的、存储在磁盘上的数据库结构，它们包含着对数据表里所有记录的引用指针。使用索引用于快速找出在某个或多个列中有一特定值的行，所有MySQL列类型都可以被索引，==对相关列使用索引是提高查询操作速度的最佳途径==。</p><p>InnoDB存储引擎中的索引都是指BTree索引，MySQL中还有Hash索引,详见官网<a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">存储引擎索引类型</a></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//1271254-20201013142145162-80980408.png" alt="12712542020101314214516280980408.png"></p><h2 id="索引的原理" tabindex="-1">索引的原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引的原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引的原理&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p><strong>内容引用自美团技术团队发表的文章</strong><a href="https://tech.meituan.com/2014/06/30/mysql-index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MySQL索引原理及慢查询优化</a></p><p>索引的目的在于提高查询效率，可以类比字典，如果要查“mysql”这个单词，我们肯定需要定位到m字母，然后从下往下找到y字母，再找到剩下的sql。如果没有索引，那么你可能需要把所有单词看一遍才能找到你想要的，如果我想找到m开头的单词呢？或者ze开头的单词呢？是不是觉得如果没有索引，这个事情根本无法完成？</p><p>数据库的索引结构需要做的事:每次查找数据时把磁盘IO次数控制在一个很小的数量级，最好是常数数量级。那么我们就想到如果一个高度可控的多路搜索树是否能满足需求呢？就这样，b+树应运而生。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//d641ac414176455b97a57b6210b9febb.jpg" alt="b树.jpg"> 如上图，是一颗b+树，关于b+树的定义可以参见<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%2B%E6%A0%91" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">B+树</a>，这里只说一些重点，浅蓝色的块我们称之为一个磁盘块，可以看到每个磁盘块包含几个数据项（深蓝色所示）和指针（黄色所示），如磁盘块1包含数据项17和35，包含指针P1、P2、P3，P1表示小于17的磁盘块，P2表示在17和35之间的磁盘块，P3表示大于35的磁盘块。真实的数据存在于叶子节点即3、5、9、10、13、15、28、29、36、60、75、79、90、99。非叶子节点只不存储真实的数据，只存储指引搜索方向的数据项，如17、35并不真实存在于数据表中。</p><h4 id="b-树的查找过程" tabindex="-1">b+树的查找过程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#b-树的查找过程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;b+树的查找过程&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如图所示，如果要查找数据项29，那么首先会把磁盘块1由磁盘加载到内存，此时发生一次IO，在内存中用二分查找确定29在17和35之间，锁定磁盘块1的P2指针，内存时间因为非常短（相比磁盘的IO）可以忽略不计，通过磁盘块1的P2指针的磁盘地址把磁盘块3由磁盘加载到内存，发生第二次IO，29在26和30之间，锁定磁盘块3的P2指针，通过指针加载磁盘块8到内存，发生第三次IO，同时内存中做二分查找找到29，结束查询，总计三次IO。真实的情况是，3层的b+树可以表示上百万的数据，如果上百万的数据查找只需要三次IO，性能提高将是巨大的，如果没有索引，每个数据项都要发生一次IO，那么总共需要百万次的IO，显然成本非常非常高。</p><h4 id="b-树性质" tabindex="-1">b+树性质 <a class="header-anchor" href="#b-树性质" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;b+树性质&quot;">​</a></h4><p>1.通过上面的分析，我们知道IO次数取决于b+数的高度h，假设当前数据表的数据为N，每个磁盘块的数据项的数量是m，则有h=㏒(m+1)N，当数据量N一定的情况下，m越大，h越小；而m = 磁盘块的大小 / 数据项的大小，磁盘块的大小也就是一个数据页的大小，是固定的，如果数据项占的空间越小，数据项的数量越多，树的高度越低。这就是为什么每个数据项，即索引字段要尽量的小，比如int占4字节，要比bigint8字节少一半。这也是为什么b+树要求把真实的数据放到叶子节点而不是内层节点，一旦放到内层节点，磁盘块的数据项会大幅度下降，导致树增高。当数据项等于1时将会退化成线性表。</p><p>2.当b+树的数据项是复合的数据结构，比如(name,age,sex)的时候，b+数是按照从左到右的顺序来建立搜索树的，比如当(张三,20,F)这样的数据来检索的时候，b+树会优先比较name来确定下一步的所搜方向，如果name相同再依次比较age和sex，最后得到检索的数据；但当(20,F)这样的没有name的数据来的时候，b+树就不知道下一步该查哪个节点，因为建立搜索树的时候name就是第一个比较因子，必须要先根据name来搜索才能知道下一步去哪里查询。比如当(张三,F)这样的数据来检索时，b+树可以用name来指定搜索方向，但下一个字段age的缺失，所以只能把名字等于张三的数据都找到，然后再匹配性别是F的数据了， 这个是非常重要的性质，即索引的最左匹配特性。</p></blockquote><h2 id="索引的类别" tabindex="-1">索引的类别 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引的类别" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引的类别&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-primary-key-主键索引" tabindex="-1">1.Primary Key(主键索引) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-primary-key-主键索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.Primary Key(主键索引)&quot;">​</a></h3><p>主键索引是一种特殊的唯一索引，这个时候需要一个表只能有一个主键，不允许有空值。一般是在建表的时候同时创建主键索引</p><blockquote><p>InnoDB存储引擎的表，如果建表的时候没有指定主键，则会使用第一非空的唯一索引作为聚集索引，如果没有主键也没有合适的唯一索引，那么innodb内部会生成一个隐藏的主键作为聚集索引，这个隐藏的主键是一个6个字节的列，该列的值会随着数据的插入自增。</p><p>在其他存储引擎或其他数据库中主键索引不一定就是聚集索引</p></blockquote><h3 id="_2-unique-唯一索引" tabindex="-1">2.Unique（唯一索引） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-unique-唯一索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.Unique（唯一索引）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>唯一索引列的值必须是唯一的，但允许有空值,如果是组合索引，则列值的组合必须是唯一的。</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">UNIQUE index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">索引名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">UNIQUE index</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">索引名</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_3-key-普通索引" tabindex="-1">3.Key（普通索引） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-key-普通索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.Key（普通索引）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>MySQL中的基本索引类型，允许在定义索引的列中插入重复值和空值</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">索引名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">index</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">索引名</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_4-组合索引" tabindex="-1">4.组合索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-组合索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.组合索引&quot;">​</a></h3><p>指多个字段上创建的索引，只有在查询条件中使用了创建索引时的第一个字段，索引才会被使用。使用组合索引时遵循最左前缀原则</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">索引名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名(列名,列名...)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">index</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">索引名</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名(列名,列名...)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_5-全文索引" tabindex="-1">5.全文索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-全文索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.全文索引&quot;">​</a></h3><p>全文索引类型为FULLTEXT，在定义索引的列上支持值的全文查找，允许在这些索引列中插入重复值和空值。全文索引可以在CHAR、VARCHAR或者TEXT类型的列上创建</p><h2 id="索引的基本语法" tabindex="-1">索引的基本语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引的基本语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引的基本语法&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>创建</li></ul><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mytable </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [UNIQUE]  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [indexName] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mytable </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  [UNIQUE]  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [indexName] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>删除</li></ul><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [indexName] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [indexName] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名;</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>查看</li></ul><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">SHOW </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">SHOW </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>alter命令</li></ul><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 有四种方式来添加数据表的索引：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (column_list): 该语句添加一个主键，这意味着索引值必须是唯一的，且不能为NULL。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">UNIQUE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index_name (column_list): 这条语句创建索引的值必须是唯一的（除了NULL外，NULL可能会出现多次）。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index_name (column_list): 添加普通索引，索引值可出现多次。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">FULLTEXT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index_name (column_list):该语句指定了索引为 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">FULLTEXT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ，用于全文索引。</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 有四种方式来添加数据表的索引：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (column_list): 该语句添加一个主键，这意味着索引值必须是唯一的，且不能为NULL。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">UNIQUE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index_name (column_list): 这条语句创建索引的值必须是唯一的（除了NULL外，NULL可能会出现多次）。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index_name (column_list): 添加普通索引，索引值可出现多次。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FULLTEXT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index_name (column_list):该语句指定了索引为 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FULLTEXT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ，用于全文索引。</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="索引的使用场景" tabindex="-1">索引的使用场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引的使用场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引的使用场景&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-适合使用索引" tabindex="-1">1.适合使用索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-适合使用索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.适合使用索引&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>频繁作为查询条件的字段</li><li>多表查询中与其他表进行关联的字段,外键关系建立索引</li><li>单列/组合索引的选择,在高并发的场景下适合建立组合索引</li><li>查询中常用于排序的字段</li><li>查询中常用于分组或统计的字段</li></ul><h3 id="_2-不适合使用索引" tabindex="-1">2.不适合使用索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-不适合使用索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.不适合使用索引&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>频繁更新的字段</p></li><li><p>where条件中用不到的字段</p></li><li><p>表记录很少</p></li><li><p>重复记录非常多的表</p></li><li><p>数据区分不明显的字段,例如性别栏位</p></li></ul><h2 id="索引有效场景" tabindex="-1">索引有效场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引有效场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引有效场景&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>全值匹配的查询,例如根据订单id查询select * from t_order where order_id = &#39;9999676623&#39;</p></li><li><p>匹配范围值的查询,例如 where id &gt; &#39;123456&#39;</p></li><li><p>最左匹配原则,如user表的username pwd创建了组合索引那么以下几种都可以命中索引</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>而</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>不能命中索引</p></li><li><p>非前导模糊查询, 例如 where name like &#39;xiaoming%&#39;</p></li></ul><h3 id="索引失效场景" tabindex="-1">索引失效场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引失效场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引失效场景&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>负向查询会使索引失效,例如 id not in (1,2,3)</li><li>在索引字段进行运算会使索引失效,例如计算,函数,类型转换</li><li>!=或者&lt;&gt;会使索引失效</li><li>is not null无法使用索引,但是is null可以</li><li>前导模糊查询会使索引失效,例如 name like &#39;%xiaoming&#39;,但是非前导可以</li><li>字符串不加单引号会使索引失效</li><li>使用组合索引时不遵循最左匹配原则会使索引失效</li></ul>`,41),o=[e];function t(r,c,i,y,E,d){return a(),l("div",null,o)}const m=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_database_MySql\347\264\242\345\274\225.md.7e00d74e.lean.js" "b/assets/java_database_MySql\347\264\242\345\274\225.md.7e00d74e.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..857a2d443
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_database_MySql\347\264\242\345\274\225.md.7e00d74e.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"MySql索引","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/database/MySql索引.md","filePath":"java/database/MySql索引.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/database/MySql索引.md"},e=n("",41),o=[e];function t(r,c,i,y,E,d){return a(),l("div",null,o)}const m=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_database_Otter\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\205\250\351\207\217\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\220\214\346\255\245.md.563f73d6.js" "b/assets/java_database_Otter\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\205\250\351\207\217\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\220\214\346\255\245.md.563f73d6.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45bfd9ea1
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_database_Otter\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\205\250\351\207\217\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\220\214\346\255\245.md.563f73d6.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as o,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const i=JSON.parse('{"title":"Otter实现数据全量增量同步","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/database/Otter实现数据全量增量同步.md","filePath":"java/database/Otter实现数据全量增量同步.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"java/database/Otter实现数据全量增量同步.md"},l=e(`<h1 id="otter实现数据全量增量同步" tabindex="-1">Otter实现数据全量增量同步 <a class="header-anchor" href="#otter实现数据全量增量同步" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Otter实现数据全量增量同步&quot;">​</a></h1><p>otter是一款基于数据库增量日志解析，准实时同步到本机房或异地机房的mysql/oracle数据库. 一个分布式数据库同步系统</p><p>仓库地址：<code>https://github.com/alibaba/otter</code></p><h2 id="前置工作" tabindex="-1">前置工作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#前置工作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;前置工作&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>源库开启binlog，并且必须是ROW模式</p></li><li><p>需要启动zookeeper</p></li><li><p>otter是基于canal的，但是otter项目本身内嵌了canal，所以无需独立启动canal-server</p></li><li><p>初始化otter数据库</p><ul><li><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><p>CREATE DATABASE /<em>!32312 IF NOT EXISTS</em>/ <code>otter</code> /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin */;</p><p>USE <code>otter</code>;</p><p>SET sql_mode=&#39;ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION&#39;;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>ALARM_RULE</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>MONITOR_NAME</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL, <code>RECEIVER_KEY</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL, <code>STATUS</code> varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, <code>MATCH_VALUE</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PARAMETERS</code> text DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>AUTOKEEPER_CLUSTER</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>CLUSTER_NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>SERVER_LIST</code> varchar(1024) NOT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>CANAL</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PARAMETERS</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>CANALUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>CHANNEL</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PARAMETERS</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>CHANNELUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>COLUMN_PAIR</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>SOURCE_COLUMN</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>TARGET_COLUMN</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> (<code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>COLUMN_PAIR_GROUP</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>COLUMN_PAIR_CONTENT</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> (<code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>DATA_MEDIA</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>NAMESPACE</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>PROPERTIES</code> varchar(1000) NOT NULL, <code>DATA_MEDIA_SOURCE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>DATAMEDIAUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>,<code>NAMESPACE</code>,<code>DATA_MEDIA_SOURCE_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>PULLWEIGHT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PUSHWEIGHT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>RESOLVER</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>FILTER</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>SOURCE_DATA_MEDIA_ID</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>TARGET_DATA_MEDIA_ID</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>COLUMN_PAIR_MODE</code> varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>DATA_MEDIA_SOURCE</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>TYPE</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>PROPERTIES</code> varchar(1000) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>DATAMEDIASOURCEUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>DELAY_STAT</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>DELAY_TIME</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>DELAY_NUMBER</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID_GmtModified_ID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>GMT_MODIFIED</code>,<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_Pipeline_GmtCreate</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>GMT_CREATE</code>), KEY <code>idx_GmtCreate_id</code> (<code>GMT_CREATE</code>,<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>LOG_RECORD</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NID</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>CHANNEL_ID</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>TITLE</code> varchar(1000) DEFAULT NULL, <code>MESSAGE</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>logRecord_pipelineId</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>NODE</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>IP</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>PORT</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PARAMETERS</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>NODEUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>,<code>IP</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>PIPELINE</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PARAMETERS</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>CHANNEL_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>PIPELINEUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>,<code>CHANNEL_ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_ChannelID</code> (<code>CHANNEL_ID</code>,<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>PIPELINE_NODE_RELATION</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NODE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>LOCATION</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>SYSTEM_PARAMETER</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL, <code>VALUE</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>TABLE_HISTORY_STAT</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>FILE_SIZE</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>FILE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>INSERT_COUNT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>UPDATE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>DELETE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>START_TIME</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>END_TIME</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID_END_TIME</code> (<code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code>,<code>END_TIME</code>), KEY <code>idx_GmtCreate_id</code> (<code>GMT_CREATE</code>,<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>TABLE_STAT</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>FILE_SIZE</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>FILE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>INSERT_COUNT</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>UPDATE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>DELETE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID_DataMediaPairID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>THROUGHPUT_STAT</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>TYPE</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>NUMBER</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>SIZE</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>START_TIME</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>END_TIME</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID_Type_GmtCreate_ID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>TYPE</code>,<code>GMT_CREATE</code>,<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID_Type_EndTime_ID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>TYPE</code>,<code>END_TIME</code>,<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_GmtCreate_id</code> (<code>GMT_CREATE</code>,<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>USER</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>USERNAME</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>PASSWORD</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>AUTHORIZETYPE</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>DEPARTMENT</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>REALNAME</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>USERUNIQUE</code> (<code>USERNAME</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>DATA_MATRIX</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>GROUP_KEY</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>MASTER</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>SLAVE</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>GROUPKEY</code> (<code>GROUP_KEY</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <code>meta_history</code> ( <code>id</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT &#39;主键&#39;, <code>gmt_create</code> datetime NOT NULL COMMENT &#39;创建时间&#39;, <code>gmt_modified</code> datetime NOT NULL COMMENT &#39;修改时间&#39;, <code>destination</code> varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;通道名称&#39;, <code>binlog_file</code> varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog文件名&#39;, <code>binlog_offest</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog偏移量&#39;, <code>binlog_master_id</code> varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog节点id&#39;, <code>binlog_timestamp</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog应用的时间戳&#39;, <code>use_schema</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;执行sql时对应的schema&#39;, <code>sql_schema</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;对应的schema&#39;, <code>sql_table</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;对应的table&#39;, <code>sql_text</code> longtext DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;执行的sql&#39;, <code>sql_type</code> varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;sql类型&#39;, <code>extra</code> text DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;额外的扩展信息&#39;, PRIMARY KEY (<code>id</code>), UNIQUE KEY binlog_file_offest(<code>destination</code>,<code>binlog_master_id</code>,<code>binlog_file</code>,<code>binlog_offest</code>), KEY <code>destination</code> (<code>destination</code>), KEY <code>destination_timestamp</code> (<code>destination</code>,<code>binlog_timestamp</code>), KEY <code>gmt_modified</code> (<code>gmt_modified</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=&#39;表结构变化明细表&#39;;</p><p>CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <code>meta_snapshot</code> ( <code>id</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT &#39;主键&#39;, <code>gmt_create</code> datetime NOT NULL COMMENT &#39;创建时间&#39;, <code>gmt_modified</code> datetime NOT NULL COMMENT &#39;修改时间&#39;, <code>destination</code> varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;通道名称&#39;, <code>binlog_file</code> varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog文件名&#39;, <code>binlog_offest</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog偏移量&#39;, <code>binlog_master_id</code> varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog节点id&#39;, <code>binlog_timestamp</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog应用的时间戳&#39;, <code>data</code> longtext DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;表结构数据&#39;, <code>extra</code> text DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;额外的扩展信息&#39;, PRIMARY KEY (<code>id</code>), UNIQUE KEY binlog_file_offest(<code>destination</code>,<code>binlog_master_id</code>,<code>binlog_file</code>,<code>binlog_offest</code>), KEY <code>destination</code> (<code>destination</code>), KEY <code>destination_timestamp</code> (<code>destination</code>,<code>binlog_timestamp</code>), KEY <code>gmt_modified</code> (<code>gmt_modified</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=&#39;表结构记录表快照表&#39;;</p><p>insert into USER(ID,USERNAME,PASSWORD,AUTHORIZETYPE,DEPARTMENT,REALNAME,GMT_CREATE,GMT_MODIFIED) values(null,&#39;admin&#39;,&#39;801fc357a5a74743894a&#39;,&#39;ADMIN&#39;,&#39;admin&#39;,&#39;admin&#39;,now(),now()); insert into USER(ID,USERNAME,PASSWORD,AUTHORIZETYPE,DEPARTMENT,REALNAME,GMT_CREATE,GMT_MODIFIED) values(null,&#39;guest&#39;,&#39;471e02a154a2121dc577&#39;,&#39;OPERATOR&#39;,&#39;guest&#39;,&#39;guest&#39;,now(),now());</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h2 id="manager配置" tabindex="-1">manager配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#manager配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;manager配置&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## otter manager domain name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.domainName = xxx.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## otter manager http port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.port = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## otter manager database config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.database.driver.class.name = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.database.driver.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/otter?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.database.driver.username = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.database.driver.password = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## otter communication port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.communication.manager.port = 1099</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## default zookeeper address</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.zookeeper.cluster.default = 127.0.0.1:2181</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## otter manager domain name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.domainName = xxx.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## otter manager http port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.port = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## otter manager database config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.database.driver.class.name = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.database.driver.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/otter?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.database.driver.username = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.database.driver.password = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## otter communication port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.communication.manager.port = 1099</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## default zookeeper address</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.zookeeper.cluster.default = 127.0.0.1:2181</span></span></code></pre></div><p>修改完关键配置后即可执行bin/startup.sh启动manager服务，webUI访问时默认是游客，admin密码默认为<code>admin</code> ,otter没有提供权限控制，游客用户也能看到所有配置信息，因此不能暴露在公网。</p><blockquote><p>坑：startup.sh中的java启动参数-Xss（单个线程栈内存）值都设置的是256k,使用jdk1.8是无法启动的，需要调成大一点例如512k</p><p><code>The stack size specified is too small, Specify at least 384k</code></p></blockquote><p>切换到admin用户后需要配置zookeeper &amp; node信息，这个node的id为1</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230228201401938.png" alt="image-20230228201401938"></p><h2 id="node配置" tabindex="-1">node配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#node配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;node配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>在node/conf下执行<code>echo 1 &gt; nid</code>，调整node配置后启动node，看到node状态为已启动即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230228201429514.png" alt="image-20230228201429514"></p><h2 id="数据源配置" tabindex="-1">数据源配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据源配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据源配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>配置两个数据源，一个作为源库，一个作为目标库</p><h2 id="数据表配置" tabindex="-1">数据表配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据表配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据表配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>表明可以用模糊匹配，也可以指定具体的表</p><h2 id="canal配置" tabindex="-1">canal配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>监听源库，开启tsdb监控表结构变化</p><h2 id="配置channel" tabindex="-1">配置Channel <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置channel" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置Channel&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="添加channel" tabindex="-1">添加channel <a class="header-anchor" href="#添加channel" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;添加channel&quot;">​</a></h3><p>基于日志变更、行记录模式</p><h3 id="添加pipeline" tabindex="-1">添加pipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#添加pipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;添加pipeline&quot;">​</a></h3><p>select和load机器直接选node，同步数据来源的canal选择刚才配置的</p><h3 id="配置映射关系列表" tabindex="-1">配置映射关系列表 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置映射关系列表" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置映射关系列表&quot;">​</a></h3><p>添加源表和目标表的映射，视图模式的include/exclude分别代表选中的字段同步/选中的字段排除（不同步），配置好映射关系后保存</p><blockquote><p>批量添加</p><p>schema1,table1,sourceId1,schema2,table2,sourceId2</p><p>schema1,table1,sourceId1为源表信息</p><p>schema2,table2,sourceId2为目标表信息</p><p>sourceId是数据源的id，在数据源配置页面可以找到</p><p>映射权重 (对应的数字越大，同步会越后面得到同步，优先同步权重小的数据)</p></blockquote><h2 id="启动channel" tabindex="-1">启动channel <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动channel" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动channel&quot;">​</a></h2><p>启动channel即可测试源库源表的数据变更后，目标库的目标表是否跟着一起更新。</p><h2 id="全量数据同步" tabindex="-1">全量数据同步 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全量数据同步" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全量数据同步&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="方案1" tabindex="-1">方案1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方案1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方案1&quot;">​</a></h3><p>上述介绍的是增量同步数据的基本操作，但是往往源表中已经有了大量的存量数据需要全量同步一次。</p><p>Otter官方提供了一种叫<code>自由门</code>的方案可以用于：</p><ul><li>数据订正</li><li>全量数据同步</li></ul><p>原理是基于otter系统表retl_buffer，插入特定数据，otter系统感知后回根据表明和pk提取对应记录和正常增量同步数据一起同步到目标库</p><h4 id="前提" tabindex="-1">前提 <a class="header-anchor" href="#前提" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;前提&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>已经建好了两个表的同步channel并且启动</li></ul><h4 id="retl库建表sql" tabindex="-1">retl库建表sql <a class="header-anchor" href="#retl库建表sql" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;retl库建表sql&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">供 otter 使用， otter 需要对 retl.* 的读写权限，以及对业务表的读写权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1. 创建database retl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DATABASE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 2. 用户授权 给同步用户授权 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;retl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> USAGE </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`retl\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`retl\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INSERT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">EXECUTE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`retl\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`retl\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 业务表授权，这里可以限定只授权同步业务的表 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INSERT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`retl\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;  </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 3. 创建系统表 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">USE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> retl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">IF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl_buffer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">IF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl_mark</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">IF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">xdual</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">retl_buffer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	TABLE_ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	FULL_NAME </span><span style="color:#F97583;">varchar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">512</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">CHAR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	PK_DATA </span><span style="color:#F97583;">VARCHAR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">256</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	GMT_CREATE </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TIMESTAMP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	GMT_MODIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TIMESTAMP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">CONSTRAINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RETL_BUFFER_ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ID) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)  ENGINE</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">InnoDB </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">retl_mark</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	CHANNEL_ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	CHANNEL_INFO </span><span style="color:#F97583;">varchar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">128</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">CONSTRAINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RETL_MARK_ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ID) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) ENGINE</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xdual</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  X </span><span style="color:#F97583;">timestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ID)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) ENGINE</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 4. 插入初始化数据 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">INSERT INTO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">xdual</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(id, x) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">VALUES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">now</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DUPLICATE </span><span style="color:#F97583;">KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">now</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">供 otter 使用， otter 需要对 retl.* 的读写权限，以及对业务表的读写权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1. 创建database retl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DATABASE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 2. 用户授权 给同步用户授权 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;retl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> USAGE </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`retl\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`retl\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INSERT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXECUTE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`retl\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`retl\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 业务表授权，这里可以限定只授权同步业务的表 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INSERT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`retl\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;  </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 3. 创建系统表 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">USE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> retl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">IF</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl_buffer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">IF</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl_mark</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">IF</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">xdual</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">retl_buffer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	TABLE_ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	FULL_NAME </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">varchar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">512</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">CHAR</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	PK_DATA </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">VARCHAR</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">256</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	GMT_CREATE </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TIMESTAMP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	GMT_MODIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TIMESTAMP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">CONSTRAINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RETL_BUFFER_ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ID) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)  ENGINE</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">InnoDB </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">retl_mark</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	CHANNEL_ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	CHANNEL_INFO </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">varchar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">128</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">CONSTRAINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RETL_MARK_ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ID) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">) ENGINE</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xdual</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  X </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">timestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ID)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">) ENGINE</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 4. 插入初始化数据 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">INSERT INTO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">xdual</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(id, x) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">VALUES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">now</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DUPLICATE </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">now</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="全量同步操作" tabindex="-1">全量同步操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全量同步操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全量同步操作&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">insert into retl.retl_buffer(ID,TABLE_ID, FULL_NAME,TYPE,PK_DATA,GMT_CREATE,GMT_MODIFIED) (select null,0,&#39;$schema.table$&#39;,&#39;I&#39;,id,now(),now() from $schema.table$);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">insert into retl.retl_buffer(ID,TABLE_ID, FULL_NAME,TYPE,PK_DATA,GMT_CREATE,GMT_MODIFIED) (select null,0,&#39;$schema.table$&#39;,&#39;I&#39;,id,now(),now() from $schema.table$);</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>例如：insert into retl.retl_buffer(ID,TABLE_ID, FULL_NAME,TYPE,PK_DATA,GMT_CREATE,GMT_MODIFIED) (select null,0,&#39;test.user&#39;,&#39;I&#39;,id,now(),now() from test.user);</p></blockquote><h3 id="方案2" tabindex="-1">方案2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方案2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方案2&quot;">​</a></h3><p>上述基于数据库插入记录触发otter同步的方案，如果数据量大会比较耗时。也可以直接把源表数据导出并记录导出时binlog的position，先将全量数据导入一次目标表，再基于导出数据时的binlog的position进行增量同步。</p><h4 id="导出数据" tabindex="-1">导出数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导出数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导出数据&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>mysqldump -uxxx -pxxx --single-transaction --master-data=2 --databases xxx --tables xxx &gt; data.sql</code></p><p>这样，导出的data.sql文件中会有一行信息，记录导出时的binlog文件和position</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230228203126413.png" alt="image-20230228203126413"></p><h4 id="导入数据" tabindex="-1">导入数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导入数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导入数据&quot;">​</a></h4><p>在目标库执行导入sql</p><h4 id="配置canal的读取postion" tabindex="-1">配置canal的读取postion <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置canal的读取postion" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置canal的读取postion&quot;">​</a></h4><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230228203443257.png" alt="image-20230228203443257"></p><p>后续新建channel的操作和普通增量同步一样即可。</p><h2 id="踩坑" tabindex="-1">踩坑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#踩坑" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;踩坑&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="更换zookeeper后manager-webui无法访问" tabindex="-1">更换zookeeper后manager webui无法访问 <a class="header-anchor" href="#更换zookeeper后manager-webui无法访问" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;更换zookeeper后manager webui无法访问&quot;">​</a></h3><p>更换zookeeper后，manager管理页面无法进入，报错内容类似<code>org.I0Itec.zkclient.exception.ZkNoNodeException: org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$NoNodeException: KeeperErrorCode = NoNode for /otter/channel/3/3/process</code> 。原因是otter会在zookepper中存储一些节点信息，更换zookeeper后，需要复制节点数据，或者删除数据库中的channel、pipeline等表的数据内容 或者访问 <code>http://域名:端口/system_reduction.htm</code>，点击一键修复即可。</p><h3 id="canal指定的binlog被清除" tabindex="-1">canal指定的binlog被清除 <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal指定的binlog被清除" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal指定的binlog被清除&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>show master logs</code><code>show binlog events in &#39;binlog.000048&#39; from 1226 limit 4;</code> 更新canal中的位点配置重新启动</p><h3 id="读取从库binlog" tabindex="-1">读取从库binlog <a class="header-anchor" href="#读取从库binlog" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;读取从库binlog&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li></li></ul><p>低权限用户需要授权，否则无法读取binlog<code>GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO &#39;xxx&#39;@&#39;%&#39; IDENTIFIED BY &#39;&#39;;</code></p><ul><li>从库需要设置<code>log_slave_updates=1</code>，将主库binlog中的操作写入到从库的binlog中，默认是关闭的，虽然数据可以同步，但是从库binlog没有记录这些内容。</li></ul>`,63),p=[l];function c(E,t,r,T,d,A){return a(),o("div",null,p)}const L=s(n,[["render",c]]);export{i as __pageData,L as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_database_Otter\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\205\250\351\207\217\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\220\214\346\255\245.md.563f73d6.lean.js" "b/assets/java_database_Otter\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\205\250\351\207\217\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\220\214\346\255\245.md.563f73d6.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afac19422
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_database_Otter\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\205\250\351\207\217\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\220\214\346\255\245.md.563f73d6.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as o,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const i=JSON.parse('{"title":"Otter实现数据全量增量同步","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/database/Otter实现数据全量增量同步.md","filePath":"java/database/Otter实现数据全量增量同步.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"java/database/Otter实现数据全量增量同步.md"},l=e("",63),p=[l];function c(E,t,r,T,d,A){return a(),o("div",null,p)}const L=s(n,[["render",c]]);export{i as __pageData,L as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_database_SQL\344\274\230\345\214\226\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.65f4757c.js" "b/assets/java_database_SQL\344\274\230\345\214\226\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.65f4757c.js"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_database_SQL\344\274\230\345\214\226\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.65f4757c.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as s,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"SQL优化学习","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/database/SQL优化学习.md","filePath":"java/database/SQL优化学习.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"java/database/SQL优化学习.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="sql优化学习" tabindex="-1">SQL优化学习 <a class="header-anchor" href="#sql优化学习" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SQL优化学习&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="mysql查询的流程" tabindex="-1">MySQL查询的流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mysql查询的流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MySQL查询的流程&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//v2-33c07d2bec1fd9f093e45fd448aaacfa_hd.jpg" alt="v233c07d2bec1fd9f093e45fd448aaacfa_hd.jpg"></p><ul><li>客户端将查询发送至服务器</li><li>服务器检查查询缓存，如果找到了，就从缓存中返回结果，否则进行下一步</li><li>服务器解析，预处理</li><li>查询优化器优化查询</li><li>生成执行计划，执行引擎调用存储引擎API执行查询</li><li>服务器将结果发送回客户端</li></ul><h3 id="_1-客户端连接阶段" tabindex="-1">1.客户端连接阶段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-客户端连接阶段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.客户端连接阶段&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>show processlist</code>命令可以查看mysql连接的状态，以我自己的阿里云服务器为例</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//058461b82cd84f30b2f0f58005a8cd04.png" alt="1.png"></p><p>常见的状态：</p><ul><li>Sleep：线程正在等待客户端发送数据</li><li>Query：连接线程正在执行查询</li><li>Locked：线程正在等待表锁的释放</li><li>Sorting result：线程正在对结果进行排序</li><li>Sending data：向请求端返回数据</li></ul><p>完整状态列表说明请见官网<a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/general-thread-states.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">地址</a></p><h3 id="_2-查询缓存" tabindex="-1">2.查询缓存 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-查询缓存" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.查询缓存&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在解析一个查询语句之前，==如果查询缓存是打开的==(默认是关闭的,浪费性能)，那么MySQL会优先检查这个查询是否命中查询缓存中的数据，如果命中缓存直接从缓存中拿到结果并返回给客户端。这种情况下，查询不会被解析，不用生成执行计划，不会被执行。</p><p>可以使用<code>show variables like &#39;query_cache%&#39;</code>来查看缓存的设置情况</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-02_13-09-03.png" alt="Snipaste_20210302_130903"> 如图,<code>query_cache_type</code>一栏时OFF关闭状态,如要开启可以修改my.cnf文件设置query_cache_type=1</p><p>query_cache_type=0时表示关闭，1时表示打开，2表示只要select 中明确指定SQL_CACHE才缓存。</p><h3 id="_3-解析、预处理、优化阶段" tabindex="-1">3.解析、预处理、优化阶段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-解析、预处理、优化阶段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.解析、预处理、优化阶段&quot;">​</a></h3><p>MySQL通过关键字将SQL语句进行解析，并生成一棵对应的“解析树”。MySQL解析器将使用MySQL语法规则验证和解析查询。语法树被校验合法后由优化器转成查询计划，一条语句可以有很多种执行方式，最后返回相同的结果。优化器的作用就是找到这其中最好的执行计划。</p><p>执行计划可以用==explain==命令查看，详见后文。</p><h3 id="_4-查询执行引擎" tabindex="-1">4.查询执行引擎 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-查询执行引擎" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.查询执行引擎&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在解析和优化阶段，MySQL将生成查询对应的执行计划，MySQL的查询执行引擎则根据这个执行计划来完成整个查询。最常使用的也是比较最多的引擎是MyISAM引擎和InnoDB引擎。mysql5.5开始的默认存储引擎已经变更为innodb。</p><h2 id="慢查询" tabindex="-1">慢查询 <a class="header-anchor" href="#慢查询" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;慢查询&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以使用<code>show variable like &#39;long_query_time&#39;</code>命令来查看慢查询的时间</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-02_13-49-03.png" alt="Snipaste_20210302_134903.png"></p><p>可以看到MySQL中默认的慢查询为10s，然而这个时间属于根本无法接受的地步了,可以将这个时间设置为业务可以接受的范围.</p><p>一般的慢SQL定位:业务驱动,测试驱动,慢查询日志</p><h3 id="开启慢查询日志" tabindex="-1">开启慢查询日志 <a class="header-anchor" href="#开启慢查询日志" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;开启慢查询日志&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>SHOW VARIABLES LIKE &#39;SLOW_QUERY_LOG&#39;</code>命令查看是否开启了慢查询日志保存</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-02_13-55-29.png" alt="Snipaste_20210302_135529.png"></p><p>可以看到默认是没有开启的</p><p>可以使用以下命令开启保存慢查询日志(==重启mysql后会失效==)</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> slow_query_log </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 打开慢日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> slow_query_log_file </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/var/lib/mysql/test-slow.log&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">--慢日志保存位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> log_queries_not_using_indexes </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 没有命中索引的是否要记录慢日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> long_query_time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (秒) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 执行时间超过多少为慢日志</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> slow_query_log </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 打开慢日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> slow_query_log_file </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/var/lib/mysql/test-slow.log&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">--慢日志保存位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> log_queries_not_using_indexes </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 没有命中索引的是否要记录慢日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> long_query_time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (秒) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 执行时间超过多少为慢日志</span></span></code></pre></div><p>或者直接修改my.cnf文件添加相应配置后重启mysql(==永久生效==)</p><h2 id="explain命令" tabindex="-1">Explain命令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#explain命令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Explain命令&quot;">​</a></h2><p>EXPLAIN可以帮助开发人员分析SQL问题，EXPLAIN显示了MySQL如何使用使用SQL执行计划，可以帮助开发人员写出更优化的查询语句。使用方法，在select语句前加上Explain就可以了</p><p>例如:<code>EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM ARTICLE WHERE ARTICLE_ID = &#39;1&#39;</code></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-02_14-58-46.png" alt="Snipaste_20210302_145846.png"> 结果列说明:</p><h3 id="_1-id" tabindex="-1">1.id <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-id" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.id&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这是SELECT的查询序列号,表示查询中执行select子句或操作表的顺序,id相同，执行顺序从上到下,id不同，id值越大执行优先级越高</p><h3 id="_2-select-type" tabindex="-1">2.select_type <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-select-type" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.select_type&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示SELECT语句的类型</p><ul><li><p>SIMPLE:简单的select查询(不使用连接查询或者子查询)</p></li><li><p>PRIMARY:表示主查询，或者是最外层的查询语句，最外层查询为PRIMARY，也就是最后加载的就是PRIMARY</p></li><li><p>UNION:表示连接查询的第二个或者后面的查询语句,不依赖外部查询的结果集</p></li><li><p>DEPENDENT UNION:union中的第二个或后面的select语句，取决于外面的查询。</p></li><li><p>UNION RESULT:连接查询的结果；</p></li><li><p>SUBQUERY:子查询中的第1个SELECT语句；不依赖于外部查询的结果集</p></li><li><p>DEPENDENT SUBQUERY:子查询中的第1个SELECT，依赖于外面的查询；</p></li><li><p>DERIVED:导出表的SELECT（FROM子句的子查询）,MySQL会递归执行这些子查询，把结果放在临时表里</p></li><li><p>DEPENDENT DERIVED:派生表依赖于另一个表</p></li><li><p>MATERIALIZED:物化子查询</p></li><li><p>UNCACHEABLE SUBQUERY:子查询，其结果无法缓存，必须针对外部查询的每一行重新进行评估</p></li><li><p>UNCACHEABLE UNION:UNION中的第二个或随后的 select 查询，属于不可缓存的子查询</p></li></ul><h3 id="_3-table" tabindex="-1">3.table <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-table" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.table&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示查询的表</p><h3 id="_4-type" tabindex="-1">4.type <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-type" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.type&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示表的连接类型,从最好到最差的连接类型为</p><p>system &gt; const &gt; eq_ref &gt; ref &gt; ref_or_null &gt; index_merge &gt; unique_subquery &gt; index_subquery &gt; range &gt; index &gt; ALL</p><ol><li><p><strong>system</strong>：表仅有一行，这是const类型的特列，平时不会出现，这个也可以忽略不计。</p></li><li><p><strong>const</strong>：数据表最多只有一个匹配行，因为只匹配一行数据，所以很快</p></li><li><p><strong>eq_ref</strong>：mysql手册是这样说的:&quot;对于每个来自于前面的表的行组合，从该表中读取一行。这可能是最好的联接类型，除了const类型。它用在一个索引的所有部分被联接使用并且索引是UNIQUE或PRIMARY KEY&quot;。eq_ref可以用于使用=比较带索引的列。</p></li><li><p><strong>ref</strong>：查询条件索引既不是UNIQUE也不是PRIMARY KEY的情况。ref可用于=或&lt;或&gt;操作符的带索引的列。</p></li><li><p><strong>ref_or_null</strong>：该连接类型如同ref，但是添加了MySQL可以专门搜索包含NULL值的行。在解决子查询中经常使用该联接类型的优化。</p></li><li><p><strong>index_merge</strong>：该连接类型表示使用了索引合并优化方法。在这种情况下，key列包含了使用的索引的清单，key_len包含了使用的索引的最长的关键元素。</p></li><li><p><strong>unique_subquery</strong>：该类型替换了下面形式的IN子查询的ref: value IN (SELECT primary_key FROM single_table WHERE some_expr) unique_subquery是一个索引查找函数,可以完全替换子查询,效率更高。</p></li><li><p><strong>index_subquery</strong>：该连接类型类似于unique_subquery。可以替换IN子查询,但只适合下列形式的子查询中的非唯一索引: value IN (SELECT key_column FROM single_table WHERE some_expr)</p></li><li><p><strong>range</strong>：只检索给定范围的行,使用一个索引来选择行。key列显示使用了哪个索引。key_len包含所使用索引的最长关键元素。当使用＝、＜＞、＞、＞＝、＜、＜＝、IS NULL、＜＝＞、BETWEEN或者IN操作符用常量比较关键字列时，类型为range</p></li><li><p><strong>index</strong>：该连接类型与ALL相同,除了只有索引树被扫描。通常比ALL快,因为索引文件通常比数据文件小。</p><p>这个类型发生在这两种方式：</p><p>**1)**如果索引是查询的覆盖索引，并且可用于满足表中所需的所有数据，则仅扫描索引树。在这种情况下，Extra列显示为 Using index</p><p>**2)**使用对索引的读取执行全表扫描，以按索引顺序查找数据行。 Uses index没有出现在 Extra列中。</p></li><li><p><strong>ALL</strong>：对于每个来自于先前的表的行组合,进行完整的表扫描。（性能最差）</p></li></ol><h3 id="_5-possible-keys" tabindex="-1">5.possible_keys <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-possible-keys" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.possible_keys&quot;">​</a></h3><p>指MySQL能使用哪个索引在该表中找到行。如果为空，没有相关的索引。这时如果要提升性能，可以通过检验WHERE子句，看它是否引用某些列或适合索引的列来提高查询性能。如果是这样，可以创建适合的索引来提高查询的性能。</p><h3 id="_6-key" tabindex="-1">6.key <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-key" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.key&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示查询实际使用的索引，如果没有选择索引，该列的值是NULL。如果为primary的话，表示使用了主键。要想强制MySQL使用或忽视possible_keys列中的索引，在查询中使用FORCE INDEX、USE INDEX或者IGNORE INDEX</p><h3 id="_7-key-len" tabindex="-1">7.key_len <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-key-len" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.key_len&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示MySQL选择的索引字段按字节计算的长度，若键是NULL，则长度为NULL。通过key_len值可以确定MySQL将实际使用一个多列索引中的几个字段</p><h3 id="_8-ref" tabindex="-1">8.ref <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-ref" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.ref&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示使用哪个列或常数与索引一起来查询记录。</p><h3 id="_9-rows" tabindex="-1">9.rows <a class="header-anchor" href="#_9-rows" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;9.rows&quot;">​</a></h3><p>显示MySQL在表中进行查询时必须检查的行数。</p><h3 id="_10-extra" tabindex="-1">10.extra <a class="header-anchor" href="#_10-extra" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;10.extra&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示MySQL在处理查询时的详细信息</p><ul><li>Distinct:MySQL发现第1个匹配行后,停止为当前的行组合搜索更多的行。</li><li>Not exists:MySQL能够对查询进行LEFT JOIN优化,发现1个匹配LEFT JOIN标准的行后,不再为前面的的行组合在该表内检查更多的行。</li><li>range checked for each record (index map: #):MySQL没有发现好的可以使用的索引,但发现如果来自前面的表的列值已知,可能部分索引可以使用。</li><li>Using filesort:MySQL需要额外的一次传递,以找出如何按排序顺序检索行。</li><li>Using index:从只使用索引树中的信息而不需要进一步搜索读取实际的行来检索表中的列信息。</li><li>Using temporary:为了解决查询,MySQL需要创建一个临时表来容纳结果。</li><li>Using where:WHERE 子句用于限制哪一个行匹配下一个表或发送到客户。</li><li>Using sort_union(...), Using union(...), Using intersect(...):这些函数说明如何为index_merge联接类型合并索引扫描。</li><li>Using index for group-by:类似于访问表的Using index方式,Using index for group-by表示MySQL发现了一个索引,可以用来查 询GROUP BY或DISTINCT查询的所有列,而不要额外搜索硬盘访问实际的表。</li></ul><p><strong>贴一个美团技术团队的文章:<a href="https://tech.meituan.com/2014/06/30/mysql-index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MySQL索引原理及慢查询优化</a>,以下内容引用自该文章</strong></p><h2 id="建索引的几大原则" tabindex="-1">建索引的几大原则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#建索引的几大原则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;建索引的几大原则&quot;">​</a></h2><p>1.最左前缀匹配原则，非常重要的原则，mysql会一直向右匹配直到遇到范围查询(&gt;、&lt;、between、like)就停止匹配，比如a = 1 and b = 2 and c &gt; 3 and d = 4 如果建立(a,b,c,d)顺序的索引，d是用不到索引的，如果建立(a,b,d,c)的索引则都可以用到，a,b,d的顺序可以任意调整。</p><p>2.=和in可以乱序，比如a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3 建立(a,b,c)索引可以任意顺序，mysql的查询优化器会帮你优化成索引可以识别的形式。</p><p>3.尽量选择区分度高的列作为索引，区分度的公式是count(distinct col)/count(*)，表示字段不重复的比例，比例越大我们扫描的记录数越少，唯一键的区分度是1，而一些状态、性别字段可能在大数据面前区分度就是0，那可能有人会问，这个比例有什么经验值吗？使用场景不同，这个值也很难确定，一般需要join的字段我们都要求是0.1以上，即平均1条扫描10条记录。</p><p>4.索引列不能参与计算，保持列“干净”，比如from_unixtime(create_time) = ’2014-05-29’就不能使用到索引，原因很简单，b+树中存的都是数据表中的字段值，但进行检索时，需要把所有元素都应用函数才能比较，显然成本太大。所以语句应该写成create_time = unix_timestamp(’2014-05-29’)。</p><p>5.尽量的扩展索引，不要新建索引。比如表中已经有a的索引，现在要加(a,b)的索引，那么只需要修改原来的索引即可。</p><h2 id="慢查询优化基本步骤" tabindex="-1">慢查询优化基本步骤 <a class="header-anchor" href="#慢查询优化基本步骤" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;慢查询优化基本步骤&quot;">​</a></h2><p>0.先运行看看是否真的很慢，注意设置SQL_NO_CACHE</p><p>1.where条件单表查，锁定最小返回记录表。这句话的意思是把查询语句的where都应用到表中返回的记录数最小的表开始查起，单表每个字段分别查询，看哪个字段的区分度最高</p><p>2.explain查看执行计划，是否与1预期一致（从锁定记录较少的表开始查询）</p><p>3.order by limit 形式的sql语句让排序的表优先查</p><p>4.了解业务方使用场景</p><p>5.加索引时参照建索引的几大原则</p><p>6.观察结果，不符合预期继续从0分析</p>`,75),p=[o];function t(r,i,c,y,d,_){return e(),s("div",null,p)}const g=a(n,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_database_SQL\344\274\230\345\214\226\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.65f4757c.lean.js" "b/assets/java_database_SQL\344\274\230\345\214\226\345\255\246\344\271\240.md.65f4757c.lean.js"
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+import{_ as a,o as e,c as s,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"SQL优化学习","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/database/SQL优化学习.md","filePath":"java/database/SQL优化学习.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"java/database/SQL优化学习.md"},o=l("",75),p=[o];function t(r,i,c,y,d,_){return e(),s("div",null,p)}const g=a(n,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_devtool_Maven\347\232\204\347\224\237\345\221\275\345\221\250\346\234\237.md.3c586576.js" "b/assets/java_devtool_Maven\347\232\204\347\224\237\345\221\275\345\221\250\346\234\237.md.3c586576.js"
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as e,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const y=JSON.parse('{"title":"Maven的生命周期","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/devtool/Maven的生命周期.md","filePath":"java/devtool/Maven的生命周期.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"java/devtool/Maven的生命周期.md"},s=l('<h1 id="maven的生命周期" tabindex="-1">Maven的生命周期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#maven的生命周期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Maven的生命周期&quot;">​</a></h1><p>maven共有三个标准生命周期：</p><ul><li><p>clean：项目清理的处理</p></li><li><p>default：项目部署的处理</p></li><li><p>site：站点文件生成的处理</p></li></ul><h2 id="maven的构建生命周期" tabindex="-1">Maven的构建生命周期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#maven的构建生命周期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Maven的构建生命周期&quot;">​</a></h2><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">阶段</th><th style="text-align:left;">处理</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">验证 validate</td><td style="text-align:left;">验证项目</td><td style="text-align:left;">验证项目是否正确且所有必须信息是可用的</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">编译 compile</td><td style="text-align:left;">执行编译</td><td style="text-align:left;">源代码编译在此阶段完成</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">测试 Test</td><td style="text-align:left;">测试</td><td style="text-align:left;">使用适当的单元测试框架（例如JUnit）运行测试。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">包装 package</td><td style="text-align:left;">打包</td><td style="text-align:left;">创建JAR/WAR包如在 pom.xml 中定义提及的包</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">检查 verify</td><td style="text-align:left;">检查</td><td style="text-align:left;">对集成测试的结果进行检查，以保证质量达标</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">安装 install</td><td style="text-align:left;">安装</td><td style="text-align:left;">安装打包的项目到本地仓库，以供其他项目使用</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">部署 deploy</td><td style="text-align:left;">部署</td><td style="text-align:left;">拷贝最终的工程包到远程仓库中，以共享给其他开发人员和工程</td></tr></tbody></table><p>平常用到最多的是mvn clean package或者mvn install，两者都会在target生成最终的jar或war文件，区别在于install命令还会将生成的jar或war包安装至本地仓库。而当需要跨项目引用jar包时，我们需要把自己的jar包上传至maven私服（远程仓库）中，之前还傻傻的直接动手去maven私服手动上传jar包，不过相比于mvn deploy肯定是麻烦很多的，maven的deploy可以很方便的将我们工程中的jar发布至maven私服中方便团队间的jar包共享。</p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>当deploy快照版本时，maven会给快照打上时间戳以区分快照的版本，因为快照可能会频繁变更。maven会以包名是否包含SNAPSHOT来判断是否快照。</p></div><h2 id="clean-生命周期" tabindex="-1">Clean 生命周期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#clean-生命周期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Clean 生命周期&quot;">​</a></h2><p>当我们执行 mvn post-clean 命令时，Maven 调用 clean 生命周期，它包含以下阶段：</p><ul><li>pre-clean：执行一些需要在clean之前完成的工作</li><li>clean：移除所有上一次构建生成的文件</li><li>post-clean：执行一些需要在clean之后立刻完成的工作</li></ul><p>mvn clean 中的 clean 就是上面的 clean，在一个生命周期中，运行某个阶段的时候，它之前的所有阶段都会被运行，也就是说，如果执行 mvn clean 将运行以下两个生命周期阶段：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">pre-clean, clean</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">pre-clean, clean</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果我们运行 mvn post-clean ，则运行以下三个生命周期阶段：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">pre-clean, clean, post-clean</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">pre-clean, clean, post-clean</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="site-生命周期" tabindex="-1">Site 生命周期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#site-生命周期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Site 生命周期&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Maven Site 插件一般用来创建新的报告文档、部署站点等。</p><ul><li>pre-site：执行一些需要在生成站点文档之前完成的工作</li><li>site：生成项目的站点文档</li><li>post-site： 执行一些需要在生成站点文档之后完成的工作，并且为部署做准备</li><li>site-deploy：将生成的站点文档部署到特定的服务器上</li></ul>',17),i=[s];function d(p,c,o,r,v,h){return e(),a("div",null,i)}const f=t(n,[["render",d]]);export{y as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_devtool_Maven\347\232\204\347\224\237\345\221\275\345\221\250\346\234\237.md.3c586576.lean.js" "b/assets/java_devtool_Maven\347\232\204\347\224\237\345\221\275\345\221\250\346\234\237.md.3c586576.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19c88f57a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_devtool_Maven\347\232\204\347\224\237\345\221\275\345\221\250\346\234\237.md.3c586576.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as e,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const y=JSON.parse('{"title":"Maven的生命周期","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/devtool/Maven的生命周期.md","filePath":"java/devtool/Maven的生命周期.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"java/devtool/Maven的生命周期.md"},s=l("",17),i=[s];function d(p,c,o,r,v,h){return e(),a("div",null,i)}const f=t(n,[["render",d]]);export{y as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_devtool_nexus\346\227\240\346\263\225\344\270\213\350\275\275\344\276\235\350\265\226\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.4916cc86.js" "b/assets/java_devtool_nexus\346\227\240\346\263\225\344\270\213\350\275\275\344\276\235\350\265\226\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.4916cc86.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b1097d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_devtool_nexus\346\227\240\346\263\225\344\270\213\350\275\275\344\276\235\350\265\226\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.4916cc86.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as s,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/devtool/nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录.md","filePath":"java/devtool/nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),t={name:"java/devtool/nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录.md"},l=n(`<h1 id="nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录" tabindex="-1">nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录&quot;">​</a></h1><p>maven私服突然无法下载依赖，在idea中使用命令查看下详细错误信息<code>mvn clean install -U -e -X</code></p><p>Client报错信息：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Caused by: org.eclipse.aether.transfer.ArtifactTransferException: Could not transfer artifact org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.4.1 from/to nexus (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx): GET request of: org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar from nexus failed</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Caused by: org.eclipse.aether.transfer.ArtifactTransferException: Could not transfer artifact org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.4.1 from/to nexus (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx): GET request of: org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar from nexus failed</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Could not transfer artifact org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.4.1 from/to nexus (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx): GET request of: org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar from nexus failed: Premature end of Content-Length delimited message body (expected: 1,302,347; received: 76,515) -&gt; [Help 1]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Could not transfer artifact org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.4.1 from/to nexus (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx): GET request of: org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar from nexus failed: Premature end of Content-Length delimited message body (expected: 1,302,347; received: 76,515) -&gt; [Help 1]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>服务端错误日志：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2022-04-10 16:51:14,488+0800 INFO  [qtp1752276351-145] *UNKNOWN org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.AbstractValidatingSessionManager - Enabling session validation scheduler...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2022-04-10 16:51:14,502+0800 INFO  [qtp1752276351-51] *UNKNOWN org.sonatype.nexus.internal.security.anonymous.AnonymousManagerImpl - Loaded configuration: AnonymousConfiguration{enabled=false, userId=&#39;anonymous&#39;, realmName=&#39;NexusAuthorizingRealm&#39;}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2022-04-10 16:51:15,233+0800 WARN  [qtp1752276351-48] deployment org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet - Failure servicing: GET /repository/maven-public/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">org.eclipse.jetty.io.EofException: null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint.flush(ChannelEndPoint.java:284)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.WriteFlusher.flush(WriteFlusher.java:393)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.WriteFlusher.write(WriteFlusher.java:277)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractEndPoint.write(AbstractEndPoint.java:380)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection$SendCallback.process(HttpConnection.java:826)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.IteratingCallback.processing(IteratingCallback.java:241)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.IteratingCallback.iterate(IteratingCallback.java:224)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.send(HttpConnection.java:550)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.sendResponse(HttpChannel.java:850)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.write(HttpChannel.java:921)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:249)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:225)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:524)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.common.io.ByteStreams.copy(ByteStreams.java:113)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.view.Payload.copy(Payload.java:61)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.view.Content.copy(Content.java:116)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.DefaultHttpResponseSender.send(DefaultHttpResponseSender.java:81)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.dispatchAndSend(ViewServlet.java:228)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.doService(ViewServlet.java:174)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.service(ViewServlet.java:126)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.doServiceImpl(ServletDefinition.java:286)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.doService(ServletDefinition.java:276)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.service(ServletDefinition.java:181)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.DynamicServletPipeline.service(DynamicServletPipeline.java:71)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:85)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:112)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:61)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.executeChain(AbstractShiroFilter.java:449)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.security.SecurityFilter.executeChain(SecurityFilter.java:85)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter$1.call(AbstractShiroFilter.java:365)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.doCall(SubjectCallable.java:90)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.call(SubjectCallable.java:83)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.execute(DelegatingSubject.java:383)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.doFilterInternal(AbstractShiroFilter.java:362)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.security.SecurityFilter.doFilterInternal(SecurityFilter.java:101)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ExhaustRequestFilter.doFilter(ExhaustRequestFilter.java:80)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.sonatype.nexus.licensing.internal.LicensingRedirectFilter.doFilter(LicensingRedirectFilter.java:114)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.codahale.metrics.servlet.AbstractInstrumentedFilter.doFilter(AbstractInstrumentedFilter.java:112)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:79)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.EnvironmentFilter.doFilter(EnvironmentFilter.java:101)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.HeaderPatternFilter.doFilter(HeaderPatternFilter.java:98)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.DynamicFilterPipeline.dispatch(DynamicFilterPipeline.java:104)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.GuiceFilter.doFilter(GuiceFilter.java:135)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.bootstrap.osgi.DelegatingFilter.doFilter(DelegatingFilter.java:73)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$CachedChain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1602)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doHandle(ServletHandler.java:540)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:146)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle(SecurityHandler.java:548)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:257)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doHandle(SessionHandler.java:1700)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:255)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doHandle(ContextHandler.java:1345)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:203)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doScope(ServletHandler.java:480)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doScope(SessionHandler.java:1667)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:201)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doScope(ContextHandler.java:1247)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:144)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.codahale.metrics.jetty9.InstrumentedHandler.handle(InstrumentedHandler.java:239)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerCollection.handle(HandlerCollection.java:152)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.handle(Server.java:505)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.handle(HttpChannel.java:370)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.onFillable(HttpConnection.java:267)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractConnection$ReadCallback.succeeded(AbstractConnection.java:305)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:103)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint$2.run(ChannelEndPoint.java:117)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.runTask(EatWhatYouKill.java:333)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.doProduce(EatWhatYouKill.java:310)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.tryProduce(EatWhatYouKill.java:168)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.run(EatWhatYouKill.java:126)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.ReservedThreadExecutor$ReservedThread.run(ReservedThreadExecutor.java:366)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool.runJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:698)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$Runner.run(QueuedThreadPool.java:804)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Caused by: java.io.IOException: Connection reset by peer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at sun.nio.ch.FileDispatcherImpl.write0(Native Method)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at sun.nio.ch.SocketDispatcher.write(SocketDispatcher.java:47)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.writeFromNativeBuffer(IOUtil.java:93)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.write(IOUtil.java:51)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.write(SocketChannelImpl.java:471)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint.flush(ChannelEndPoint.java:262)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	... 102 common frames omitted</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2022-04-10 16:51:14,488+0800 INFO  [qtp1752276351-145] *UNKNOWN org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.AbstractValidatingSessionManager - Enabling session validation scheduler...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2022-04-10 16:51:14,502+0800 INFO  [qtp1752276351-51] *UNKNOWN org.sonatype.nexus.internal.security.anonymous.AnonymousManagerImpl - Loaded configuration: AnonymousConfiguration{enabled=false, userId=&#39;anonymous&#39;, realmName=&#39;NexusAuthorizingRealm&#39;}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2022-04-10 16:51:15,233+0800 WARN  [qtp1752276351-48] deployment org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet - Failure servicing: GET /repository/maven-public/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">org.eclipse.jetty.io.EofException: null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint.flush(ChannelEndPoint.java:284)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.WriteFlusher.flush(WriteFlusher.java:393)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.WriteFlusher.write(WriteFlusher.java:277)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractEndPoint.write(AbstractEndPoint.java:380)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection$SendCallback.process(HttpConnection.java:826)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.IteratingCallback.processing(IteratingCallback.java:241)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.IteratingCallback.iterate(IteratingCallback.java:224)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.send(HttpConnection.java:550)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.sendResponse(HttpChannel.java:850)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.write(HttpChannel.java:921)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:249)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:225)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:524)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.common.io.ByteStreams.copy(ByteStreams.java:113)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.view.Payload.copy(Payload.java:61)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.view.Content.copy(Content.java:116)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.DefaultHttpResponseSender.send(DefaultHttpResponseSender.java:81)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.dispatchAndSend(ViewServlet.java:228)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.doService(ViewServlet.java:174)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.service(ViewServlet.java:126)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.doServiceImpl(ServletDefinition.java:286)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.doService(ServletDefinition.java:276)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.service(ServletDefinition.java:181)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.DynamicServletPipeline.service(DynamicServletPipeline.java:71)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:85)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:112)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:61)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.executeChain(AbstractShiroFilter.java:449)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.security.SecurityFilter.executeChain(SecurityFilter.java:85)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter$1.call(AbstractShiroFilter.java:365)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.doCall(SubjectCallable.java:90)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.call(SubjectCallable.java:83)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.execute(DelegatingSubject.java:383)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.doFilterInternal(AbstractShiroFilter.java:362)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.security.SecurityFilter.doFilterInternal(SecurityFilter.java:101)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ExhaustRequestFilter.doFilter(ExhaustRequestFilter.java:80)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.sonatype.nexus.licensing.internal.LicensingRedirectFilter.doFilter(LicensingRedirectFilter.java:114)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.codahale.metrics.servlet.AbstractInstrumentedFilter.doFilter(AbstractInstrumentedFilter.java:112)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:79)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.EnvironmentFilter.doFilter(EnvironmentFilter.java:101)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.HeaderPatternFilter.doFilter(HeaderPatternFilter.java:98)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.DynamicFilterPipeline.dispatch(DynamicFilterPipeline.java:104)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.GuiceFilter.doFilter(GuiceFilter.java:135)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.bootstrap.osgi.DelegatingFilter.doFilter(DelegatingFilter.java:73)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$CachedChain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1602)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doHandle(ServletHandler.java:540)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:146)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle(SecurityHandler.java:548)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:257)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doHandle(SessionHandler.java:1700)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:255)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doHandle(ContextHandler.java:1345)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:203)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doScope(ServletHandler.java:480)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doScope(SessionHandler.java:1667)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:201)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doScope(ContextHandler.java:1247)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:144)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.codahale.metrics.jetty9.InstrumentedHandler.handle(InstrumentedHandler.java:239)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerCollection.handle(HandlerCollection.java:152)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.handle(Server.java:505)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.handle(HttpChannel.java:370)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.onFillable(HttpConnection.java:267)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractConnection$ReadCallback.succeeded(AbstractConnection.java:305)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:103)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint$2.run(ChannelEndPoint.java:117)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.runTask(EatWhatYouKill.java:333)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.doProduce(EatWhatYouKill.java:310)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.tryProduce(EatWhatYouKill.java:168)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.run(EatWhatYouKill.java:126)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.ReservedThreadExecutor$ReservedThread.run(ReservedThreadExecutor.java:366)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool.runJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:698)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$Runner.run(QueuedThreadPool.java:804)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Caused by: java.io.IOException: Connection reset by peer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at sun.nio.ch.FileDispatcherImpl.write0(Native Method)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at sun.nio.ch.SocketDispatcher.write(SocketDispatcher.java:47)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.writeFromNativeBuffer(IOUtil.java:93)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.write(IOUtil.java:51)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.write(SocketChannelImpl.java:471)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint.flush(ChannelEndPoint.java:262)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	... 102 common frames omitted</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="解决" tabindex="-1">解决 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解决" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解决&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410223038569.png" alt="image-20220410223038569"></p><p>在nginx的location配置中增加<code>proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;</code></p>`,10),r=[l];function o(p,i,c,v,d,y){return a(),s("div",null,r)}const j=e(t,[["render",o]]);export{g as __pageData,j as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_devtool_nexus\346\227\240\346\263\225\344\270\213\350\275\275\344\276\235\350\265\226\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.4916cc86.lean.js" "b/assets/java_devtool_nexus\346\227\240\346\263\225\344\270\213\350\275\275\344\276\235\350\265\226\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.4916cc86.lean.js"
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as s,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/devtool/nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录.md","filePath":"java/devtool/nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),t={name:"java/devtool/nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录.md"},l=n("",10),r=[l];function o(p,i,c,v,d,y){return a(),s("div",null,r)}const j=e(t,[["render",o]]);export{g as __pageData,j as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_ConfigurationProperties\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.df5206f9.js" "b/assets/java_framework_ConfigurationProperties\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.df5206f9.js"
new file mode 100644
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+++ "b/assets/java_framework_ConfigurationProperties\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.df5206f9.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import{_ as e,o,c as r,Q as a}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"ConfigurationProperties注解","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/ConfigurationProperties注解.md","filePath":"java/framework/ConfigurationProperties注解.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),t={name:"java/framework/ConfigurationProperties注解.md"},n=a(`<h1 id="configurationproperties注解" tabindex="-1">ConfigurationProperties注解 <a class="header-anchor" href="#configurationproperties注解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ConfigurationProperties注解&quot;">​</a></h1><p>@ConfigurationProperties注解可以从外部获取配置信息，并将其绑定到JavaBean中。</p><h2 id="原理" tabindex="-1">原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原理&quot;">​</a></h2><p>SpringBoot可以让配置信息外部化，支持的配置有多种，最常见的<code>.properties</code>、<code>.yaml</code>文件，启动时命令行参数<code>--xxx</code>、系统环境变量、Java系统属性(System.getProperties())...</p><p>@ConfigurationProperties注解的功能由ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor这个后置处理器实现，spring容器中的<code>enviroment.propertySources</code>记录着外部的属性值，properties后置处理器会从中找到匹配的值绑定到JavaBean中。</p><p>属性的绑定是会被覆盖的，排序靠后的会覆盖靠前的，即越靠后的优先级越高。（os环境变量可以覆盖application.properties,java系统属性可以覆盖系统环境变量，命令行参数可以覆盖java系统属性...)</p><p>这些配置的方式和可以参照spring boot官方文档：</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config</a></p><h2 id="_2-externalized-configuration" tabindex="-1">2. Externalized Configuration <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-externalized-configuration" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2. Externalized Configuration&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Spring Boot lets you externalize your configuration so that you can work with the same application code in different environments. You can use a variety of external configuration sources, include Java properties files, YAML files, environment variables, and command-line arguments.</p><p>Property values can be injected directly into your beans by using the <code>@Value</code> annotation, accessed through Spring’s <code>Environment</code> abstraction, or be <a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config.typesafe-configuration-properties" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">bound to structured objects</a> through <code>@ConfigurationProperties</code>.</p><p>Spring Boot uses a very particular <code>PropertySource</code> order that is designed to allow sensible overriding of values. Properties are considered in the following order (with values from lower items overriding earlier ones):</p><ol><li>Default properties (specified by setting <code>SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties</code>).</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.3.21/javadoc-api/org/springframework/context/annotation/PropertySource.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>@PropertySource</code></a> annotations on your <code>@Configuration</code> classes. Please note that such property sources are not added to the <code>Environment</code> until the application context is being refreshed. This is too late to configure certain properties such as <code>logging.*</code> and <code>spring.main.*</code> which are read before refresh begins.</li><li>Config data (such as <code>application.properties</code> files).</li><li>A <code>RandomValuePropertySource</code> that has properties only in <code>random.*</code>.</li><li>OS environment variables.</li><li>Java System properties (<code>System.getProperties()</code>).</li><li>JNDI attributes from <code>java:comp/env</code>.</li><li><code>ServletContext</code> init parameters.</li><li><code>ServletConfig</code> init parameters.</li><li>Properties from <code>SPRING_APPLICATION_JSON</code> (inline JSON embedded in an environment variable or system property).</li><li>Command line arguments.</li><li><code>properties</code> attribute on your tests. Available on <a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.7.1/api/org/springframework/boot/test/context/SpringBootTest.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>@SpringBootTest</code></a> and the <a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.testing.spring-boot-applications.autoconfigured-tests" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">test annotations for testing a particular slice of your application</a>.</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.3.21/javadoc-api/org/springframework/test/context/TestPropertySource.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>@TestPropertySource</code></a> annotations on your tests.</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/using.html#using.devtools.globalsettings" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Devtools global settings properties</a> in the <code>$HOME/.config/spring-boot</code> directory when devtools is active.</li></ol><p>Config data files are considered in the following order:</p><ol><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config.files" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Application properties</a> packaged inside your jar (<code>application.properties</code> and YAML variants).</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config.files.profile-specific" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Profile-specific application properties</a> packaged inside your jar (<code>application-{profile}.properties</code> and YAML variants).</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config.files" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Application properties</a> outside of your packaged jar (<code>application.properties</code> and YAML variants).</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config.files.profile-specific" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Profile-specific application properties</a> outside of your packaged jar (<code>application-{profile}.properties</code> and YAML variants).</li></ol></blockquote><h3 id="系统环境变量的方式" tabindex="-1">系统环境变量的方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#系统环境变量的方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;系统环境变量的方式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这里通过系统环境变量的绑定方式大致记录下，因为java应用的docker镜像通常使用这种方式，例如docker启动指令里加上<code>-e xxx=xxx</code>，就是在指定docker容器的系统环境变量。比较常见的<code>-e JAVA_OPTS=xxx</code> ,因为java应用的镜像通常entrypoint都是<code>sh -c java $JAVA_OPTS xxx.jar</code>。</p><p>上文中<code>enviroment.propertySources</code>会读取外部的配置，系统环境变量是通过<code>System.getenv()</code>获取的，通过docker指令给镜像添加了系统环境变量后，就会通过这种方式绑定到java应用的配置类中。</p><h3 id="但是" tabindex="-1">但是 <a class="header-anchor" href="#但是" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;但是&quot;">​</a></h3><p>通过docker指令配置系统环境变量的方式，参数的命名需要做对应的调整，例如:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ConfigurationProperties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prefix</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ConfigurationProperties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prefix</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果是通过<code>.properties</code>文件来配置那么文件中应该是<code>user.name=xxx</code>,如果是通过linux系统环境变量的方式，则环境变量中应该是<code>USER_NAME=xxx</code>.这是因为不同操作系统对环境变量的命名规则都有严格的要求，spring boot的宽松绑定规则要尽可能兼容不同系统的限制.</p><p>linux shell变量的命名规则：可以<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>，可以下划线<code>_</code>,按照惯例，变量名都是大写的。所以，通过环境变量读取java配置时，应该遵循的原则</p><ul><li><p>将<code>.</code>替换为<code>_</code></p></li><li><p>删除所有破折号<code>-</code></p></li><li><p>变量名转为大写</p></li></ul><p>例：<code>spring.main.log-startup-info</code> -&gt; <code>SPRING_MAIN_LOGSTARTUPINFO</code></p><blockquote><h5 id="binding-from-environment-variables" tabindex="-1">Binding from Environment Variables <a class="header-anchor" href="#binding-from-environment-variables" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Binding from Environment Variables&quot;">​</a></h5><p>Most operating systems impose strict rules around the names that can be used for environment variables. For example, Linux shell variables can contain only letters (<code>a</code> to <code>z</code> or <code>A</code> to <code>Z</code>), numbers (<code>0</code> to <code>9</code>) or the underscore character (<code>_</code>). By convention, Unix shell variables will also have their names in UPPERCASE.</p><p>Spring Boot’s relaxed binding rules are, as much as possible, designed to be compatible with these naming restrictions.</p><p>To convert a property name in the canonical-form to an environment variable name you can follow these rules:</p><ul><li>Replace dots (<code>.</code>) with underscores (<code>_</code>).</li><li>Remove any dashes (<code>-</code>).</li><li>Convert to uppercase.</li></ul><p>For example, the configuration property <code>spring.main.log-startup-info</code> would be an environment variable named <code>SPRING_MAIN_LOGSTARTUPINFO</code>.</p><p>Environment variables can also be used when binding to object lists. To bind to a <code>List</code>, the element number should be surrounded with underscores in the variable name.</p><p>For example, the configuration property <code>my.service[0].other</code> would use an environment variable named <code>MY_SERVICE_0_OTHER</code>.</p></blockquote>`,19),s=[n];function i(c,l,p,d,u,f){return o(),r("div",null,s)}const m=e(t,[["render",i]]);export{h as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_ConfigurationProperties\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.df5206f9.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_ConfigurationProperties\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.df5206f9.lean.js"
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+import{_ as e,o,c as r,Q as a}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"ConfigurationProperties注解","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/ConfigurationProperties注解.md","filePath":"java/framework/ConfigurationProperties注解.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),t={name:"java/framework/ConfigurationProperties注解.md"},n=a("",19),s=[n];function i(c,l,p,d,u,f){return o(),r("div",null,s)}const m=e(t,[["render",i]]);export{h as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_JavaSPI\346\234\272\345\210\266\345\222\214Springboot\350\207\252\345\212\250\350\243\205\351\205\215\345\216\237\347\220\206.md.80ce262b.js" "b/assets/java_framework_JavaSPI\346\234\272\345\210\266\345\222\214Springboot\350\207\252\345\212\250\350\243\205\351\205\215\345\216\237\347\220\206.md.80ce262b.js"
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+import{_ as a,o as i,c as r,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理.md","filePath":"java/framework/JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"java/framework/JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理.md"},t=o('<h1 id="javaspi机制和springboot自动装配原理" tabindex="-1">JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#javaspi机制和springboot自动装配原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="spi机制" tabindex="-1">SPI机制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#spi机制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SPI机制&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>SPI（Service Provider Interface）</code>是一种服务发现机制，提供服务接口，且为该接口寻找服务的实现。</p><p>从Java6开始引入，是一种基于ClassLoader类加载器发现并加载服务的机制。</p><p>标准的SPI构成：</p><ul><li>Service：公开的接口或抽象类，定义一个抽象的功能模块</li><li>Service Provider：Service接口/抽象类的具体实现</li><li>ServiceLoader：SPI中的核心组件，负责在<strong>运行时</strong>发现并加载Service Provider</li></ul><h3 id="java-spi的规范要素" tabindex="-1">JAVA SPI的规范要素 <a class="header-anchor" href="#java-spi的规范要素" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;JAVA SPI的规范要素&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>规范的配置文件 <ul><li>文件路径：必须要在JAR中的META-INF/services下</li><li>文件名称：<strong>Service接口</strong>全限定名</li><li>文件内容：<strong>Service实现类</strong>的全限定名，如果有多个，则每个类单独占一行</li></ul></li><li>ServiceProvider必须有无参构造方法，因为要通过反射实例化</li><li>保证能加载到配置文件和ServiceProvider类 <ul><li>将jar包放到classpath下</li><li>jar包安装到jre的扩展目录下</li><li>自定义一个ClassLoader</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="场景" tabindex="-1">场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;场景&quot;">​</a></h3><p>SPI在JDBC中的应用：JDBC要求Driver实现类在类加载的时候将自身的实例注册到DriverManager中，从而加载数据库驱动，在SPI出现之前，加载数据库驱动时要执行<code>Class.forName(&quot;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver&quot;)</code>， 在SPI出现后，只需要引入对应依赖的JAR包后，ServiceLoader会自动去约定的路径下寻找需要加载的类。</p><h4 id="以mysql-connector-java的jar文件为例" tabindex="-1">以mysql-connector-java的jar文件为例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#以mysql-connector-java的jar文件为例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;以mysql-connector-java的jar文件为例&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>配置文件</p></li><li><p>无参构造器</p></li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410224639940.png" alt="image-20220410224639940"></p><h3 id="总结" tabindex="-1">总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#总结" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;总结&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>SPI提供了一种<strong>组件发现和注册的方式</strong>，可以用于各种插件、组件的灵活替换</li><li>可以实现模块间解耦</li><li>面向接口+配置文件+反射</li><li>应用：JDBC、SLF4J。。。</li></ul><h3 id="简单实例" tabindex="-1">简单实例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简单实例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简单实例&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410231011833.png" alt="image-20220410231011833"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410231049522.png" alt="image-20220410231049522"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410231109810.png" alt="image-20220410231109810"></p><p>当spi-company依赖spi-lt时运行main方法：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410231225984.png" alt="image-20220410231225984"></p><p>当spi-company依赖spi-yd时运行main方法：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410231313507.png" alt="image-20220410231313507"></p><h2 id="springboot的自动装配" tabindex="-1">springboot的自动装配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#springboot的自动装配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;springboot的自动装配&quot;">​</a></h2><p>自动装配，即auto-configuration，是基于引入的依赖jar包对springboot应用进行自动配置，提供自动配置的jar包通常以starter结尾，比如mybatis-spring-boot-starter等等。</p><p>springboot默认会扫描项目下所有的配置类并注入到ioc容器中，但集成到其他框架并不能直接注入。为了实现真正的auto configuration，springboot的自动装配也采用了和spi类似的设计思想：</p><ul><li></li></ul><p>使用约定的配置文件：自动装配的配置文件为META-INF/spring.factories，文件内容为org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=class1,class2,..classN，class是自动配置类的类名</p><ul><li>提供自动配置类的jar包中，需要提供配置文件META-INF/spring.factories</li><li>使用ClassLoader的getResource和getResources方法，读取classpath中的配置文件并使用反射实例化</li></ul><p>例如mybatis-spring-boot-starter的包结构：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410232256701.png" alt="image-20220410232256701"></p><h3 id="总结-1" tabindex="-1">总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#总结-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;总结&quot;">​</a></h3><p>springboot的自动装配核心流程：springboot程序启动，通过spring factories机制加载classpath下的META-INF/spring.factories文件，筛选出所有EnableAutoConfiguration的配置类，反射实例化后注入到springIOC容器中。</p><p>todo：实现一个自定义springboot-starter</p>',34),s=[t];function l(n,p,c,g,m,h){return i(),r("div",null,s)}const b=a(e,[["render",l]]);export{u as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_JavaSPI\346\234\272\345\210\266\345\222\214Springboot\350\207\252\345\212\250\350\243\205\351\205\215\345\216\237\347\220\206.md.80ce262b.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_JavaSPI\346\234\272\345\210\266\345\222\214Springboot\350\207\252\345\212\250\350\243\205\351\205\215\345\216\237\347\220\206.md.80ce262b.lean.js"
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+++ "b/assets/java_framework_JavaSPI\346\234\272\345\210\266\345\222\214Springboot\350\207\252\345\212\250\350\243\205\351\205\215\345\216\237\347\220\206.md.80ce262b.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as i,c as r,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理.md","filePath":"java/framework/JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"java/framework/JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理.md"},t=o("",34),s=[t];function l(n,p,c,g,m,h){return i(),r("div",null,s)}const b=a(e,[["render",l]]);export{u as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_Java\346\227\245\345\277\227\345\217\221\345\261\225\345\216\206\345\217\262.md.012edc60.js" "b/assets/java_framework_Java\346\227\245\345\277\227\345\217\221\345\261\225\345\216\206\345\217\262.md.012edc60.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22f472968
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_Java\346\227\245\345\277\227\345\217\221\345\261\225\345\216\206\345\217\262.md.012edc60.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o,c as e,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const j=JSON.parse('{"title":"Java日志发展历史","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/Java日志发展历史.md","filePath":"java/framework/Java日志发展历史.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),t={name:"java/framework/Java日志发展历史.md"},r=l('<h1 id="java日志发展历史" tabindex="-1">Java日志发展历史 <a class="header-anchor" href="#java日志发展历史" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Java日志发展历史&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>最近java社区被log4j2的远程代码执行漏洞引爆了，不过还好我们公司的日志主要用的logback，只有少数几个服务用的log4j2，不过还是因为这个加了会班=.=。而java日志有很多乱七八糟的log4j，log4j2，logback，slf4j，jul。。。</p><p><a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1U44y1E7sE" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1U44y1E7sE</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="日志发展史" tabindex="-1">日志发展史 <a class="header-anchor" href="#日志发展史" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;日志发展史&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="阶段一" tabindex="-1">阶段一 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段一" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段一&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>2001年以前，java是没有日志库的，打印日志全靠<code>System.out</code>，<code>System.err</code></p></blockquote><p>缺点：</p><p>1.产生大量的io操作</p><p>2.输出的内容不能保存到文件</p><p>3.只能打印在控制台，打印完就看不到了</p><p>4.无法定制化，且粒度不够细</p><h3 id="阶段二" tabindex="-1">阶段二 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段二" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段二&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>大佬Ceki Gülcü在2001年开发出了日志库Log4j，后来Log4j成为了Apache项目，Ceki大佬也加入了Apache组织</p></blockquote><p>Apache曾经还建议过SUN公司引入Log4j到java标准库中，但被拒绝了</p><h3 id="阶段三" tabindex="-1">阶段三 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段三" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段三&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>2002年2月JDK1.4发布，SUN推出了自己的日志标准库JUL（Java Util Logging），其实是照着log4j抄的，但是没抄好，在JDK1.5之后性能和可用性才有所提升</p></blockquote><p>由于Log4j比JUL好用，并且比较成熟，所以Log4j更具优势</p><h3 id="阶段四" tabindex="-1">阶段四 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段四" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段四&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>2002年8月Apache推出了JCL（Jakarta Commons Logging），也就是日志抽象层，支持运行时动态加载日志组件的实现，也提供了一个默认实现的Simple Log。</p><p>（在ClassLoader中进行查找，如果能找到Log4j就默认使用Log4j的实现，如果没有则使用JUL实现，再没有则使用JCL内部提供的Simple Log实现）</p></blockquote><p>但是JCL有三个缺点：</p><ol><li>效率较低</li><li>容易引发混乱</li><li>使用了自定义ClassLoader的程序中，会引发内存泄露</li></ol><h3 id="阶段五" tabindex="-1">阶段五 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段五" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段五&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>2006年大佬Ceki Gülcü（Log4j）因为一些原因离开了Apache，之后Ceki觉得JCL不好用，自己重新开发了一套新的日志标准接口规范Slf4j（Simple Logging Facade for Java），也可称为日志门面，很明显Slf4j是为了对标JCL，后面也证明了Slf4j比JCL更加优秀</p></blockquote><p>大佬Ceki提供了一系列的桥接包来帮助Slf4j接口与其他日志库建立关系，这种方式称为桥接设置模式。</p><p>代码使用Slf4j接口，就可以实现日志的统一标准化，后续如果想要更换日志的实现，只需要引入Slf4j和相关的桥接包，再引入具体的日志标准库即可。</p><h3 id="阶段六" tabindex="-1">阶段六 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段六" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段六&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>Ceki大佬觉得市场上的日志标准库都是间接实现Slf4j接口，每次都需要配合桥接包，因此在2016年，Ceki大佬基于Slf4j接口开发出了Logback日志标准库作为Slf4j的默认实现，Logback也十分给力，在功能的完整度和性能上超越了所有已有的日志标准库</p></blockquote><h3 id="阶段七" tabindex="-1">阶段七 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段七" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段七&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>2012年，Apache推出新项目Log4j2（不兼容Log4j），Log4j2全面借鉴了Slf4j+Logback，虽然log4j2有明显抄袭嫌疑，但是汲取了logback优秀的设计，还解决了一些问题，性能有了极大提升，官方测试是18倍</p></blockquote><p>Log4j2不仅具有Logback的所有特性，还做了分离设计，分为log4j-api和log4j-core，api是日志接口，core是日志标准库，而且Apache也为Log4j2提供了各种桥接包</p>',29),i=[r];function c(p,h,s,d,n,b){return o(),e("div",null,i)}const g=a(t,[["render",c]]);export{j as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_Java\346\227\245\345\277\227\345\217\221\345\261\225\345\216\206\345\217\262.md.012edc60.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_Java\346\227\245\345\277\227\345\217\221\345\261\225\345\216\206\345\217\262.md.012edc60.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be54e28bf
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_Java\346\227\245\345\277\227\345\217\221\345\261\225\345\216\206\345\217\262.md.012edc60.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o,c as e,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const j=JSON.parse('{"title":"Java日志发展历史","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/Java日志发展历史.md","filePath":"java/framework/Java日志发展历史.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),t={name:"java/framework/Java日志发展历史.md"},r=l("",29),i=[r];function c(p,h,s,d,n,b){return o(),e("div",null,i)}const g=a(t,[["render",c]]);export{j as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_Mybatis Generator\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.f54f9898.js" "b/assets/java_framework_Mybatis Generator\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.f54f9898.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96cd55e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_Mybatis Generator\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.f54f9898.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1,737 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Mybatis Generator配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/Mybatis Generator配置.md","filePath":"java/framework/Mybatis Generator配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/Mybatis Generator配置.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="mybatis-generator配置" tabindex="-1">Mybatis Generator配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mybatis-generator配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Mybatis Generator配置&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><ol><li>仓库地址:<a href="https://github.com/mybatis/generator" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/mybatis/generator</a></li><li>官方文档:<a href="http://www.mybatis.org/generator/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://www.mybatis.org/generator/index.html</a></li></ol></blockquote><p>mbg逆向工程能快速生成实体类和mapper文件以及xml，提升开发效率。记录下不同持久层框架对应的mbg配置备忘。</p><ul><li><p>mbg的context标签可以自定义targetRuntime，具体的区别可以在<a href="http://mybatis.org/generator/quickstart.html#target-runtime-information-and-samples%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E3%80%82MyBatis3%EF%BC%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E9%87%8F%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%EF%BC%8C%E4%BC%9A%E6%9C%89byExample%E5%92%8Cselective%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E3%80%82MyBatis3Simple%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E9%87%8F%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%B0%8F%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8D%E4%BC%9A%E6%9C%89byExample%E5%92%8Cselective%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E3%80%82" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://mybatis.org/generator/quickstart.html#target-runtime-information-and-samples查看。MyBatis3，生成的代码量比较大，会有byExample和selective相关的代码生成。MyBatis3Simple生成的代码量比较小，不会有byExample和selective方法生成。</a></p></li><li><p>常用运行方式（还包含 ant、命令行、eclipse）</p><ul><li>java代码</li><li>maven plugin</li></ul></li><li><p>maven依赖</p><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.mybatis.generator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mybatis-generator-core&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1.3.5&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mysql&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mysql-connector-java&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8.0.16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.mybatis.generator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mybatis-generator-core&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1.3.5&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mysql&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mysql-connector-java&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8.0.16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用maven插件时</p><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.mybatis.generator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mybatis-generator-maven-plugin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1.3.5&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configuration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 在控制台打印执行日志 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">verbose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;true&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">verbose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 重复生成时会覆盖之前的文件--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overwrite</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;true&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overwrite</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                 &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configurationFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;src/main/resources/generatorConfig.xml&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configurationFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configuration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mysql&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mysql-connector-java&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8.0.16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugins</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.mybatis.generator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mybatis-generator-maven-plugin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1.3.5&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configuration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 在控制台打印执行日志 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">verbose</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;true&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">verbose</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 重复生成时会覆盖之前的文件--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overwrite</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;true&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overwrite</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                 &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configurationFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;src/main/resources/generatorConfig.xml&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configurationFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configuration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mysql&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mysql-connector-java&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8.0.16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugins</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h2 id="通用mapper" tabindex="-1">通用mapper <a class="header-anchor" href="#通用mapper" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通用mapper&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">xml</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#F97583;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">generatorConfiguration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        PUBLIC &quot;-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &quot;http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mysql&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetRuntime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;MyBatis3Simple&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">defaultModelType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;flat&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--property*,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;beginningDelimiter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;\`&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;endingDelimiter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;\`&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--plugin*,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 为继承的BaseMapper接口添加对应的实现类 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tk.mybatis.mapper.generator.MapperPlugin&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mappers&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cn.xxx.CustomBaseMapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--commentGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--&lt;commentGenerator type=&quot;mybatis.generator.MyCommentGenerator&quot;&gt;&lt;/commentGenerator&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--jdbcConnection,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">driverClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">connectionURL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx?autoReconnect=true</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">useUnicode=true</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">characterEncoding=UTF-8</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tinyInt1isBit=false</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">useSSL=false&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">userId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaTypeResolver?, 自定义jdbcType和javaType的映射关系，比如默认的TINYINT会对应Java的Byte类型，如果我们想让TINYINT对应JavaType为Integer就需要在解析类中自定义，这种方式适合源码方式运行mbg，使用maven plugin会比较麻烦--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mybatis.generator.MyJavaTypeResolver&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaModelGenerator,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cn.xxx.dao.entity&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--&lt;property name=&quot;rootClass&quot; value=&quot;xx.BaseEntity&quot;/&gt;  entity会继承的类--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--sqlMapGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mapper&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/resources&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaClientGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cn.superdesk.app.wechat.dao.mapper&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;XMLMAPPER&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--table+--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tb_xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">domainObjectName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;XxEntity&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">generatedKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">column</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;id&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sqlStatement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mysql&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">identity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#22863A;">xml</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">generatorConfiguration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        PUBLIC &quot;-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &quot;http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mysql&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetRuntime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;MyBatis3Simple&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">             </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">defaultModelType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;flat&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--property*,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;beginningDelimiter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;\`&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;endingDelimiter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;\`&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--plugin*,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 为继承的BaseMapper接口添加对应的实现类 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tk.mybatis.mapper.generator.MapperPlugin&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mappers&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cn.xxx.CustomBaseMapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--commentGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--&lt;commentGenerator type=&quot;mybatis.generator.MyCommentGenerator&quot;&gt;&lt;/commentGenerator&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--jdbcConnection,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">driverClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">connectionURL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx?autoReconnect=true</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">useUnicode=true</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">characterEncoding=UTF-8</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">tinyInt1isBit=false</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">useSSL=false&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">userId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">password</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaTypeResolver?, 自定义jdbcType和javaType的映射关系，比如默认的TINYINT会对应Java的Byte类型，如果我们想让TINYINT对应JavaType为Integer就需要在解析类中自定义，这种方式适合源码方式运行mbg，使用maven plugin会比较麻烦--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mybatis.generator.MyJavaTypeResolver&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaModelGenerator,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cn.xxx.dao.entity&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--&lt;property name=&quot;rootClass&quot; value=&quot;xx.BaseEntity&quot;/&gt;  entity会继承的类--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--sqlMapGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mapper&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/resources&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaClientGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cn.superdesk.app.wechat.dao.mapper&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;XMLMAPPER&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--table+--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">table</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tb_xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">domainObjectName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;XxEntity&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">generatedKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">column</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;id&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sqlStatement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mysql&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">identity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">table</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>生成的Mapper统一继承的接口</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CustomBaseMapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tk.mybatis.mapper.common.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BaseMapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MySqlMapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CustomBaseMapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tk.mybatis.mapper.common.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BaseMapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MySqlMapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>自定义类型解析器</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyJavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; warnings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Properties properties;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Context context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> forceBigDecimals;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; typeMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyJavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Properties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.ARRAY, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ARRAY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.BIGINT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BIGINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Long.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.BINARY, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.BIT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BIT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Boolean.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.BLOB, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.BOOLEAN, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BOOLEAN&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Boolean.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.CHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.CLOB, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.DATALINK, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DATALINK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.DATE, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DATE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.DISTINCT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DISTINCT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.DOUBLE, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DOUBLE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Double.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.FLOAT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;FLOAT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Double.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.INTEGER, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;INTEGER&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.JAVA_OBJECT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;JAVA_OBJECT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Jdbc4Types.LONGNVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;LONGNVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.LONGVARBINARY, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;LONGVARBINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.LONGVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;LONGVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Jdbc4Types.NCHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Jdbc4Types.NCLOB, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NCLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Jdbc4Types.NVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.NULL, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NULL&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.OTHER, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;OTHER&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.REAL, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;REAL&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Float.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.REF, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;REF&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.SMALLINT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;SMALLINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.STRUCT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;STRUCT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.TIME, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TIME&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.TIMESTAMP, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TIMESTAMP&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.TINYINT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TINYINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.VARBINARY, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;VARBINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.VARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;VARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addConfigurationProperties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Properties </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">properties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">putAll</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(properties);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        forceBigDecimals </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringUtility.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isTrue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(PropertyRegistry.TYPE_RESOLVER_FORCE_BIG_DECIMALS));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">calculateJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            IntrospectedColumn </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">introspectedColumn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        FullyQualifiedJavaType answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.JdbcTypeInformation jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> typeMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Types.DECIMAL</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Types.NUMERIC</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getScale</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLength</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> forceBigDecimals) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(BigDecimal.class</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLength</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Long.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLength</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Short.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> jdbcTypeInformation.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">calculateJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(IntrospectedColumn </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">introspectedColumn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.JdbcTypeInformation jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> typeMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Types.DECIMAL</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DECIMAL&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Types.NUMERIC</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NUMERIC&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> jdbcTypeInformation.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setWarnings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">warnings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.warnings </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> warnings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Context </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">jdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                   FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">fullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.jdbcTypeName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyJavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; warnings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Properties properties;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Context context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> forceBigDecimals;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; typeMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyJavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Properties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.ARRAY, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ARRAY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.BIGINT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BIGINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Long.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.BINARY, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.BIT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BIT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Boolean.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.BLOB, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.BOOLEAN, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BOOLEAN&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Boolean.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.CHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.CLOB, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.DATALINK, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DATALINK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.DATE, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DATE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.DISTINCT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DISTINCT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.DOUBLE, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DOUBLE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Double.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.FLOAT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;FLOAT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Double.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.INTEGER, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;INTEGER&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.JAVA_OBJECT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;JAVA_OBJECT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Jdbc4Types.LONGNVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;LONGNVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.LONGVARBINARY, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;LONGVARBINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.LONGVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;LONGVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Jdbc4Types.NCHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Jdbc4Types.NCLOB, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NCLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Jdbc4Types.NVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.NULL, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NULL&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.OTHER, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;OTHER&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.REAL, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;REAL&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Float.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.REF, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;REF&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.SMALLINT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;SMALLINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.STRUCT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;STRUCT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.TIME, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;TIME&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.TIMESTAMP, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;TIMESTAMP&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.TINYINT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;TINYINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.VARBINARY, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;VARBINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.VARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;VARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addConfigurationProperties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Properties </span><span style="color:#E36209;">properties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">putAll</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(properties);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        forceBigDecimals </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringUtility.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isTrue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(PropertyRegistry.TYPE_RESOLVER_FORCE_BIG_DECIMALS));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">calculateJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            IntrospectedColumn </span><span style="color:#E36209;">introspectedColumn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        FullyQualifiedJavaType answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.JdbcTypeInformation jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> typeMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Types.DECIMAL</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Types.NUMERIC</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getScale</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLength</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> forceBigDecimals) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(BigDecimal.class</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLength</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Long.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLength</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Short.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> jdbcTypeInformation.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">calculateJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(IntrospectedColumn </span><span style="color:#E36209;">introspectedColumn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.JdbcTypeInformation jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> typeMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Types.DECIMAL</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DECIMAL&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Types.NUMERIC</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NUMERIC&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> jdbcTypeInformation.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setWarnings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">warnings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.warnings </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> warnings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Context </span><span style="color:#E36209;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">jdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                   FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#E36209;">fullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.jdbcTypeName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>入口方法</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyBatisGeneratorTool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        URL resource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Thread.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getContextClassLoader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resource.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getPath</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;        warnings   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             overwrite  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        File                configFile </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">File</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resource.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getPath</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;../../src/test/resources/generator/generatorConfig.xml&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ConfigurationParser cp         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ConfigurationParser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(warnings);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Configuration       config     </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cp.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(configFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (XMLParserException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        DefaultShellCallback callback         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DefaultShellCallback</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(overwrite);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        MyBatisGenerator     myBatisGenerator </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            myBatisGenerator </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyBatisGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(config, callback, warnings);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (InvalidConfigurationException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            myBatisGenerator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">generate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (SQLException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (InterruptedException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyBatisGeneratorTool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        URL resource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Thread.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getContextClassLoader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resource.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getPath</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;        warnings   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">             overwrite  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        File                configFile </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">File</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resource.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getPath</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;../../src/test/resources/generator/generatorConfig.xml&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ConfigurationParser cp         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ConfigurationParser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(warnings);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Configuration       config     </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cp.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(configFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (XMLParserException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        DefaultShellCallback callback         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DefaultShellCallback</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(overwrite);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        MyBatisGenerator     myBatisGenerator </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            myBatisGenerator </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyBatisGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(config, callback, warnings);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (InvalidConfigurationException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            myBatisGenerator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">generate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (SQLException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (InterruptedException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220409210512601.png" alt="image-20220409210512601"></p><h2 id="mybatis-plus" tabindex="-1">mybatis-plus <a class="header-anchor" href="#mybatis-plus" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;mybatis-plus&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">xml</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#F97583;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">generatorConfiguration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        PUBLIC &quot;-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &quot;http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- context 是逆向工程的主要配置信息 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- id：起个名字 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetRuntime：设置生成的文件适用于那个 mybatis 版本 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;default&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetRuntime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;MyBatis3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--optional,指在创建class时，对注释进行控制--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">commentGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;suppressDate&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否去除自动生成的注释 true：是 ： false:否 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;suppressAllComments&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">commentGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--jdbc的数据库连接 wg_insert 为数据库名字--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">driverClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">connectionURL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://xxx/xx?autoReconnect=true</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">useUnicode=true</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">characterEncoding=UTF-8</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tinyInt1isBit=false</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">useSSL=false</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nullCatalogMeansCurrent=true&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">userId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--非必须，类型处理器，在数据库类型和java类型之间的转换控制--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 默认情况下数据库中的 decimal，bigInt 在 Java 对应是 sql 下的 BigDecimal 类 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 不是 double 和 long 类型 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用常用的基本类型代替 sql 包下的引用类型 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;forceBigDecimals&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage：生成的实体类所在的包 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetProject：生成的实体类所在的硬盘位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否允许子包 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否对modal添加构造函数 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;constructorBased&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否清理从数据库中查询出的字符串左右两边的空白字符 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;trimStrings&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 建立modal对象是否不可改变 即生成的modal对象不会有setter方法，只有构造方法 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;immutable&quot; value=&quot;false&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage 和 targetProject：生成的 mapper 文件的包和位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/resources&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 针对数据库的一个配置，是否把 schema 作为字包名 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage 和 targetProject：生成的 interface 文件的包和位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;XMLMAPPER&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 针对 oracle 数据库的一个配置，是否把 schema 作为字包名 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- tableName是数据库中的表名，domainObjectName是生成的JAVA模型名，后面的参数不用改，要生成更多的表就在下面继续加table标签 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">domainObjectName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;XxxEntity&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#22863A;">xml</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">generatorConfiguration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        PUBLIC &quot;-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &quot;http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- context 是逆向工程的主要配置信息 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- id：起个名字 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetRuntime：设置生成的文件适用于那个 mybatis 版本 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;default&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetRuntime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;MyBatis3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--optional,指在创建class时，对注释进行控制--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">commentGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;suppressDate&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否去除自动生成的注释 true：是 ： false:否 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;suppressAllComments&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">commentGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--jdbc的数据库连接 wg_insert 为数据库名字--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">driverClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">connectionURL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://xxx/xx?autoReconnect=true</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">useUnicode=true</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">characterEncoding=UTF-8</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">tinyInt1isBit=false</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">useSSL=false</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nullCatalogMeansCurrent=true&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">userId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">password</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--非必须，类型处理器，在数据库类型和java类型之间的转换控制--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 默认情况下数据库中的 decimal，bigInt 在 Java 对应是 sql 下的 BigDecimal 类 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 不是 double 和 long 类型 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用常用的基本类型代替 sql 包下的引用类型 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;forceBigDecimals&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage：生成的实体类所在的包 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetProject：生成的实体类所在的硬盘位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否允许子包 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否对modal添加构造函数 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;constructorBased&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否清理从数据库中查询出的字符串左右两边的空白字符 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;trimStrings&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 建立modal对象是否不可改变 即生成的modal对象不会有setter方法，只有构造方法 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;immutable&quot; value=&quot;false&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage 和 targetProject：生成的 mapper 文件的包和位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/resources&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 针对数据库的一个配置，是否把 schema 作为字包名 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage 和 targetProject：生成的 interface 文件的包和位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;XMLMAPPER&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 针对 oracle 数据库的一个配置，是否把 schema 作为字包名 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- tableName是数据库中的表名，domainObjectName是生成的JAVA模型名，后面的参数不用改，要生成更多的表就在下面继续加table标签 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">table</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">domainObjectName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;XxxEntity&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">table</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220409211128783.png" alt="image-20220409211128783"></p>`,16),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const m=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{g as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_Mybatis Generator\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.f54f9898.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_Mybatis Generator\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.f54f9898.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d8eee78e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_Mybatis Generator\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.f54f9898.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Mybatis Generator配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/Mybatis Generator配置.md","filePath":"java/framework/Mybatis Generator配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/Mybatis Generator配置.md"},o=l("",16),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const m=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{g as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_POI\344\272\213\344\273\266\346\250\241\345\274\217\350\247\243\346\236\220\345\271\266\350\257\273\345\217\226Excel\346\226\207\344\273\266\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.a324f35c.js" "b/assets/java_framework_POI\344\272\213\344\273\266\346\250\241\345\274\217\350\247\243\346\236\220\345\271\266\350\257\273\345\217\226Excel\346\226\207\344\273\266\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.a324f35c.js"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_POI\344\272\213\344\273\266\346\250\241\345\274\217\350\247\243\346\236\220\345\271\266\350\257\273\345\217\226Excel\346\226\207\344\273\266\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.a324f35c.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,1809 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const A=JSON.parse('{"title":"POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据.md","filePath":"java/framework/POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="poi事件模式解析并读取excel文件数据" tabindex="-1">POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#poi事件模式解析并读取excel文件数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>传统的POI用户模式解析Excel为我们操作提供了丰富的API,用起来很方便,但是这种模式是一次性将Excel中的数据全部写入内存,并且要还封装结构,使得内存的占用远远超过原本Excel文件的大小,稍微大一点的文件采用用户模式进行解析都会内存溢出,由于现在做的项目要处理的Excel数据量普遍都很大,而且业务对导入功能的使用尤其频繁,所以必须采用事件模式的解析方式来实现业务需求.</p><p>事件模式避免内存溢出的原理很简单,就是采用SAX方式解析Excel文件底层的XML文件,这样逐行读取,逐行处理的方式可以完美解决内存占用的问题.</p><p>简单的入门程序可以从POI官网找到,下面是根据官方demo封装的一个比较完善的类,只需要创建一个类继承该抽象类然后实现抽象方法rowHandler,然后在rowHandler里进行我们需要的业务操作即可.</p><p>关于事件模式解析Excel的代码执行具体流程以后有时间再写篇文章进行总结~</p><h2 id="代码" tabindex="-1">代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;代码&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark has-diff vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description POI事件模式读取Excel抽象类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/6/18 14:27</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">abstract</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DefaultHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 构造方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 是否将单元格值解析成字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">           是否忽略首行(一般是表头)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parseCellValueStringFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ignoreFirstRow;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 构造方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 将单元格值解析成字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">           忽略首行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">dataFormatStyle</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">          指定日期类型解析格式 默认yyyy-MM-dd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">dataFormatStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parseCellValueStringFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ignoreFirstRow;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.dateFormatStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataFormatStyle;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 单元格类型索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 布尔值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BOOL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 异常错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ERROR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;e&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">FORMULA</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;str&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">INLINESTR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;inlineStr&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 共享字符表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SSTINDEX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 数值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NUMBER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;n&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;null&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">cellType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CellDataType </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellTypeEnum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">cellType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CellDataType cellDataType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CellDataType.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">values</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//数字类型时c标签没有t属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (cellType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> NUMBER;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellDataType.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), cellType)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellDataType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet顺序索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetId;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String sheetName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 缩放百分比</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> zoomPercent;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 自适应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fitToPage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 是否显示网格线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showGridLines </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 默认行高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultRowHeight;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet中每一列的样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; columnStyles;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 合并单元格</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]&gt; mergeCells;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 打印属性 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 上边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> topMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.75</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 下边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bottomMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.75</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 左边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> leftMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 右边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rightMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页脚边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> footerMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页头边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> headerMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 缩放比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scale </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页宽</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fitWidth </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fitHeight </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 纸张设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pageSize </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> PrintSetup.A4_PAPERSIZE;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 垂直居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> verticallyCenter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 水平居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> horizontallyCenter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 横向打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> landscape;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 网格线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printGridlines;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 行号列标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printHeadings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 草稿品质</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> draft;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 单色打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> noColor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 打印顺序 true:先行后列 false:先列后行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> leftToRigh;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 起始页页码自动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> usePage;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 起始页码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pageStart </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页眉页脚与页边距对齐</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> alignWithMargins </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 列样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 列宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> columnWidth;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 列是否隐藏</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isHidden;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 默认的列样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultColumnStyleIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RowData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowHeight;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; cellDataValues;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行单元格样式索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; cellStyles;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行单元格数据类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; cellDataTypes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 单元格公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; cellFormula;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RowData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellDataValues </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellStyles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellDataTypes </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellFormula </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet打印区域</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String sheetName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String sheetIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String printArea;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String printTitleRows;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String printTitleColumns;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享字符表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SharedStringsTable sst;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 单元格样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StylesTable stylesTable;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet游标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行游标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 列坐标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 最大行数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowMax;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 最大列数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colMax;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否为有效数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> valueFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isTElement </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 记录当前值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringBuilder cellBuilder;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否过滤首行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 格式化日期样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String dateFormatStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;yyyy-MM-dd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 格式化样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; formatStyleMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 数据格式化formatter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DataFormatter dataFormatter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DataFormatter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 当前sheet样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SheetStyle sheetStyle;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RowData rowData;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet打印区域 key:sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; sheetPrintMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 所有sheetName,key:sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; sheetNameMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 当前打印标签的sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String localSheetId;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 辨别是否打印区域数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否解析成String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否读取公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isReadFormula </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否共享公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isSharedFormula;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式存放</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; sharedFormulaMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式插值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; diffMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式存放key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String si;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 核心抽象方法,读取一行后的操作,将业务逻辑在该方法中实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowData</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">abstract</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rowHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RowData </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet处理完后调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetStyle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sheetOver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SheetStyle </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 整个工作簿处理完后调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 处理完整的Excel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">filePath</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OpenXML4JException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IOException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SAXException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">filePath</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OpenXML4JException, IOException, SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        OPCPackage opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(filePath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(opcPackage, parser);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasNext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputStream sheet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSheetName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputSource sheetSource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheet);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                parser.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheet.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                opcPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 处理指定的sheet页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">filePath</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIdx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OpenXML4JException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SAXException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IOException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">filePath</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIdx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OpenXML4JException, SAXException, IOException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        OPCPackage opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(filePath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(opcPackage, parser);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasNext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputStream sheet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (sheetIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetIdx) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">continue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSheetName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputSource sheetSource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheet);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                parser.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheet.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                opcPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(OPCPackage </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">opcPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, XMLReader </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">parser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IOException, OpenXML4JException, SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFReader reader </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">XSSFReader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(opcPackage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        sst </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSharedStringsTable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        stylesTable </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStylesTable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (XSSFReader.SheetIterator) reader.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSheetsData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取工作簿内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputStream workbookData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getWorkbookData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputSource workbookDataSource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(workbookData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(workbookDataSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        workbookData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取单元格样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputStream stylesData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStylesData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputSource stylesDataSource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(stylesData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(stylesDataSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        stylesData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheets;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XMLReader </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XMLReaderFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createXMLReader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setContentHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 读取每对标签的开始标签时调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">uri</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">localName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">       当前标签名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">attributes</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 当前标签上的属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">startElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">uri</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">localName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Attributes </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">attributes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;numFmt&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> numFmtId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Short.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseShort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;numFmtId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String formatCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatCode&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            formatStyleMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(numFmtId, formatCode);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mergeCells&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setMergeCells</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]&gt;());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mergeCell&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] range </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ref&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] positionDx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(range[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] end </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(range[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> end[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> end[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMergeCells</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(positionDx);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;pageSetUpPr&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;fitToPage&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;fitToPage&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setFitToPage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;sheetView&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;showGridLines&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;showGridLines&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setShowGridLines</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zoomScale&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setZoomPercent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zoomScale&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;sheetFormatPr&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;defaultRowHeight&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDefaultRowHeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;defaultRowHeight&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;sheetData&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开始读取sheet页数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RowData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sheetHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetIndex, sheetStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dimension&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ref&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setColumnStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;col&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startColIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;min&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> endColIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;max&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> columnWidth </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultColumnStyleIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hidden </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                defaultColumnStyleIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                hidden </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ColumnStyle columnStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDefaultColumnStyleIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(defaultColumnStyleIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHidden</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hidden);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setColumnWidth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(columnWidth);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getColumnStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(startColIndex) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(endColIndex), columnStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;row&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开始读取行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;r&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">adjustRowMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rowIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//清空数据容器中保留的上一行的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ht&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setRowHeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ht&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取单元格内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String position </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;r&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (position </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(position)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">adjustColMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(colIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CellDataType.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellTypeEnum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//单元格数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            isTElement </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;definedName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;localSheetId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;_xlnm.Print_Area&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;_xlnm.Print_Titles&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                printFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                localSheetId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;localSheetId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;sheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetNameMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;r:id&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;pageMargins&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;pageSetup&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页面设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;printOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//打印选项</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;headerFooter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页眉页脚</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isReadFormula </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;f&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//共享公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                isSharedFormula </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                si </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;si&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 读取每对标签的结束标签时调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">uri</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">localName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">endElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">uri</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">localName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Object result;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;worksheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//一个sheet读取完毕</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sheetOver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetIndex, sheetStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;row&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//一行数据读取完毕</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (rowIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ignoreFirstRow) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//过滤首行数据 一般为表头</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//调用实现的业务逻辑方法处理当前行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rowHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetIndex, rowIndex, rowData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowIndex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setRowHeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取到单元格的数据标签</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CellDataType cellDataType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (cellDataType) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BOOL</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;0&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;0&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ERROR</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ERROR:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FORMULA</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> INLINESTR</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">XSSFRichTextString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SSTINDEX</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//共享字符需要从共享字符表中取</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">XSSFRichTextString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sst.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntryAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(idx));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> NUMBER</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer styleAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (styleAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFCellStyle cellStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> stylesTable.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStyleAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(styleAt);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDataFormat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String formatString </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDataFormatString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (formatString </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (formatString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contains</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;m/dd/yy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contains</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;m/d/yy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contains</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;yyyy/mm/dd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contains</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;yyyy/m/d&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataFormatter.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatRawCellContents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        formatIndex, dateFormatStyle).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;T&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataFormatter.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatRawCellContents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        formatIndex, formatString).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;_&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">trim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            colIndex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;f&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isReadFormula) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, CellDataType.FORMULA);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isTElement) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">trim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            isTElement </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (printFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;definedName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writePrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            printFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 写sheet打印区域和打印标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writePrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(localSheetId) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#REF!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String rId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;rId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(localSheetId) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String sheetName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetNameMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SheetPrint sheetPrint </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">containsKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setSheetIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(localSheetId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (String str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPrintArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPrintTitleRows</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPrintTitleColumns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetName, sheetPrint);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        localSheetId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 1-区域 2-顶端 3-左端 0-判断错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String split </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> countMatches </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">countMatches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(split, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;$&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (countMatches </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (countMatches </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String substr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> split.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">substring</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(split.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> substr.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Pattern pattern </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Pattern.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">compile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[0-9]*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (pattern.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">matcher</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(substr).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">matches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((charAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;z&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (charAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;A&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Z&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 计算当前的最大行和列数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ref</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] range </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ref.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String maxStr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (range.length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            maxStr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> range[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            maxStr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> range[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] maxPosition </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(maxStr);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        rowMax </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> maxPosition[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        colMax </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> maxPosition[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 把单元格数据添加到当前行的数据容器中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Object </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 数据append到cellBuilder中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">length</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">characters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (valueFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch, start, length);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetStyle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sheetHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, SheetStyle </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 获取position坐标的实际坐标数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">position</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">position</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String amPosition </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> position.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replaceAll</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[0-9]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] chars </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amPosition.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toUpperCase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toCharArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ret </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> chars.length; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ret </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (chars[i] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;A&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">26</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, chars.length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        result[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ret;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        result[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(position.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replaceAll</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[A-Z]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调整列最大值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">colIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">adjustColMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">colIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colMax) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            colMax </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调整行最大值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">adjustRowMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (rowIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowMax) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowMax </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light has-diff vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description POI事件模式读取Excel抽象类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/6/18 14:27</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">abstract</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DefaultHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 构造方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 是否将单元格值解析成字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">           是否忽略首行(一般是表头)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parseCellValueStringFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ignoreFirstRow;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 构造方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 将单元格值解析成字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">           忽略首行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">dataFormatStyle</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">          指定日期类型解析格式 默认yyyy-MM-dd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">dataFormatStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parseCellValueStringFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ignoreFirstRow;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.dateFormatStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataFormatStyle;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 单元格类型索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 布尔值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">BOOL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 异常错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ERROR</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;e&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">FORMULA</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;str&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">INLINESTR</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;inlineStr&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 共享字符表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SSTINDEX</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 数值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NUMBER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;n&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;null&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">cellType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CellDataType </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellTypeEnum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">cellType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CellDataType cellDataType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CellDataType.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">values</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//数字类型时c标签没有t属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (cellType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> NUMBER;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellDataType.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), cellType)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellDataType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet顺序索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetId;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String sheetName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 缩放百分比</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> zoomPercent;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 自适应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fitToPage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 是否显示网格线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showGridLines </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 默认行高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultRowHeight;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet中每一列的样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; columnStyles;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 合并单元格</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]&gt; mergeCells;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 打印属性 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 上边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> topMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.75</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 下边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bottomMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.75</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 左边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> leftMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.7</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 右边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rightMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.7</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页脚边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> footerMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页头边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> headerMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 缩放比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scale </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页宽</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fitWidth </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fitHeight </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 纸张设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pageSize </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> PrintSetup.A4_PAPERSIZE;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 垂直居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> verticallyCenter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 水平居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> horizontallyCenter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 横向打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> landscape;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 网格线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printGridlines;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 行号列标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printHeadings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 草稿品质</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> draft;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 单色打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> noColor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 打印顺序 true:先行后列 false:先列后行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> leftToRigh;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 起始页页码自动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> usePage;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 起始页码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pageStart </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页眉页脚与页边距对齐</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> alignWithMargins </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 列样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 列宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> columnWidth;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 列是否隐藏</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isHidden;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 默认的列样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultColumnStyleIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RowData</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowHeight;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; cellDataValues;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行单元格样式索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; cellStyles;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行单元格数据类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; cellDataTypes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 单元格公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; cellFormula;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RowData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellDataValues </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellStyles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellDataTypes </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellFormula </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet打印区域</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String sheetName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String sheetIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String printArea;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String printTitleRows;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String printTitleColumns;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享字符表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SharedStringsTable sst;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 单元格样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StylesTable stylesTable;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet游标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行游标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 列坐标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 最大行数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowMax;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 最大列数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colMax;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否为有效数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> valueFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isTElement </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 记录当前值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringBuilder cellBuilder;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否过滤首行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 格式化日期样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String dateFormatStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;yyyy-MM-dd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 格式化样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Short</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; formatStyleMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 数据格式化formatter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DataFormatter dataFormatter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DataFormatter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 当前sheet样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SheetStyle sheetStyle;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RowData rowData;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet打印区域 key:sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; sheetPrintMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 所有sheetName,key:sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; sheetNameMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 当前打印标签的sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String localSheetId;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 辨别是否打印区域数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否解析成String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否读取公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isReadFormula </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否共享公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isSharedFormula;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式存放</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; sharedFormulaMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式插值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; diffMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式存放key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String si;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 核心抽象方法,读取一行后的操作,将业务逻辑在该方法中实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowData</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">abstract</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rowHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RowData </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet处理完后调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetStyle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sheetOver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SheetStyle </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 整个工作簿处理完后调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 处理完整的Excel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">filePath</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OpenXML4JException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IOException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SAXException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">filePath</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OpenXML4JException, IOException, SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        OPCPackage opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(filePath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(opcPackage, parser);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasNext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputStream sheet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSheetName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputSource sheetSource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheet);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                parser.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheet.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                opcPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 处理指定的sheet页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">filePath</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIdx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OpenXML4JException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SAXException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IOException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">filePath</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIdx</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OpenXML4JException, SAXException, IOException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        OPCPackage opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(filePath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(opcPackage, parser);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasNext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputStream sheet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (sheetIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetIdx) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">continue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSheetName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputSource sheetSource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheet);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                parser.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheet.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                opcPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(OPCPackage </span><span style="color:#E36209;">opcPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, XMLReader </span><span style="color:#E36209;">parser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IOException, OpenXML4JException, SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFReader reader </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">XSSFReader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(opcPackage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        sst </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSharedStringsTable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        stylesTable </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStylesTable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (XSSFReader.SheetIterator) reader.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSheetsData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取工作簿内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputStream workbookData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getWorkbookData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputSource workbookDataSource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(workbookData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(workbookDataSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        workbookData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取单元格样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputStream stylesData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStylesData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputSource stylesDataSource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(stylesData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(stylesDataSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        stylesData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheets;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XMLReader </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XMLReaderFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createXMLReader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setContentHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 读取每对标签的开始标签时调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">uri</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">localName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">       当前标签名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">attributes</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 当前标签上的属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">startElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">uri</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">localName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Attributes </span><span style="color:#E36209;">attributes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;numFmt&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> numFmtId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Short.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseShort</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;numFmtId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String formatCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatCode&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            formatStyleMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(numFmtId, formatCode);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mergeCells&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setMergeCells</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]&gt;());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mergeCell&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] range </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ref&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] positionDx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(range[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] end </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(range[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> end[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> end[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMergeCells</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(positionDx);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;pageSetUpPr&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;fitToPage&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;fitToPage&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setFitToPage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;sheetView&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;showGridLines&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;showGridLines&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setShowGridLines</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zoomScale&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setZoomPercent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zoomScale&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;sheetFormatPr&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;defaultRowHeight&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDefaultRowHeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;defaultRowHeight&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;sheetData&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开始读取sheet页数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RowData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sheetHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetIndex, sheetStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dimension&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ref&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setColumnStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;col&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startColIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;min&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> endColIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;max&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> columnWidth </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultColumnStyleIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hidden </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                defaultColumnStyleIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                hidden </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ColumnStyle columnStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDefaultColumnStyleIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(defaultColumnStyleIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHidden</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hidden);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setColumnWidth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(columnWidth);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getColumnStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(startColIndex) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(endColIndex), columnStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;row&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开始读取行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;r&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">adjustRowMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rowIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//清空数据容器中保留的上一行的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ht&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setRowHeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ht&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取单元格内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String position </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;r&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (position </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(position)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">adjustColMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(colIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CellDataType.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellTypeEnum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//单元格数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            isTElement </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;definedName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;localSheetId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;_xlnm.Print_Area&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;_xlnm.Print_Titles&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                printFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                localSheetId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;localSheetId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;sheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetNameMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;r:id&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;pageMargins&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;pageSetup&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页面设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;printOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//打印选项</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;headerFooter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页眉页脚</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isReadFormula </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;f&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//共享公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                isSharedFormula </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                si </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;si&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 读取每对标签的结束标签时调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">uri</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">localName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">endElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">uri</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">localName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Object result;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;worksheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//一个sheet读取完毕</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sheetOver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetIndex, sheetStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;row&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//一行数据读取完毕</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (rowIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ignoreFirstRow) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//过滤首行数据 一般为表头</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//调用实现的业务逻辑方法处理当前行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rowHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetIndex, rowIndex, rowData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowIndex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setRowHeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取到单元格的数据标签</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CellDataType cellDataType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (cellDataType) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BOOL</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;0&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;0&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ERROR</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ERROR:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FORMULA</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> INLINESTR</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">XSSFRichTextString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SSTINDEX</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//共享字符需要从共享字符表中取</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">XSSFRichTextString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sst.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntryAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(idx));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> NUMBER</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer styleAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (styleAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFCellStyle cellStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> stylesTable.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStyleAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(styleAt);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDataFormat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String formatString </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDataFormatString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (formatString </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (formatString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contains</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;m/dd/yy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contains</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;m/d/yy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contains</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;yyyy/mm/dd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contains</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;yyyy/m/d&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataFormatter.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatRawCellContents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        formatIndex, dateFormatStyle).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;T&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataFormatter.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatRawCellContents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        formatIndex, formatString).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;_&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">trim</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            colIndex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;f&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isReadFormula) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, CellDataType.FORMULA);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isTElement) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">trim</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            isTElement </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (printFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;definedName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writePrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            printFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 写sheet打印区域和打印标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writePrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object </span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(localSheetId) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#REF!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String rId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;rId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(localSheetId) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String sheetName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetNameMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SheetPrint sheetPrint </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">containsKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setSheetIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(localSheetId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (String str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPrintArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPrintTitleRows</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPrintTitleColumns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetName, sheetPrint);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        localSheetId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 1-区域 2-顶端 3-左端 0-判断错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String split </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> countMatches </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">countMatches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(split, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;$&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (countMatches </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (countMatches </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String substr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> split.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">substring</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(split.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> substr.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Pattern pattern </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Pattern.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">compile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[0-9]*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (pattern.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">matcher</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(substr).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">matches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((charAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;z&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (charAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;A&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Z&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 计算当前的最大行和列数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ref</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] range </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ref.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String maxStr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (range.length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            maxStr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> range[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            maxStr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> range[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] maxPosition </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(maxStr);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        rowMax </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> maxPosition[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        colMax </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> maxPosition[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 把单元格数据添加到当前行的数据容器中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Object </span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 数据append到cellBuilder中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">length</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">characters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (valueFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch, start, length);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetStyle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sheetHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, SheetStyle </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 获取position坐标的实际坐标数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">position</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">position</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String amPosition </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> position.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replaceAll</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[0-9]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] chars </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amPosition.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toUpperCase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toCharArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ret </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> chars.length; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ret </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (chars[i] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;A&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">26</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, chars.length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        result[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ret;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        result[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(position.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replaceAll</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[A-Z]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调整列最大值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">colIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">adjustColMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">colIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colMax) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            colMax </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调整行最大值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">adjustRowMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (rowIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowMax) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowMax </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,8),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{A as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_POI\344\272\213\344\273\266\346\250\241\345\274\217\350\247\243\346\236\220\345\271\266\350\257\273\345\217\226Excel\346\226\207\344\273\266\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.a324f35c.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_POI\344\272\213\344\273\266\346\250\241\345\274\217\350\247\243\346\236\220\345\271\266\350\257\273\345\217\226Excel\346\226\207\344\273\266\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.a324f35c.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02d3c0d92
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_POI\344\272\213\344\273\266\346\250\241\345\274\217\350\247\243\346\236\220\345\271\266\350\257\273\345\217\226Excel\346\226\207\344\273\266\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.a324f35c.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const A=JSON.parse('{"title":"POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据.md","filePath":"java/framework/POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据.md"},o=l("",8),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{A as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_Spring Cloud Config\346\216\245\345\205\245.md.d2ee1e89.js" "b/assets/java_framework_Spring Cloud Config\346\216\245\345\205\245.md.d2ee1e89.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bc73f164
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_Spring Cloud Config\346\216\245\345\205\245.md.d2ee1e89.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"Spring Cloud Config接入","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/Spring Cloud Config接入.md","filePath":"java/framework/Spring Cloud Config接入.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/Spring Cloud Config接入.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="spring-cloud-config接入" tabindex="-1">Spring Cloud Config接入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#spring-cloud-config接入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Spring Cloud Config接入&quot;">​</a></h1><p>微服务配置中心能帮助统一管理多个环境、多个应用程序的外部化配置，不需要在某个配置有改动或新增某个配置项时去多个节点上一个个修改，做到了一次改动，处处使用。这里和Eureka注册中心配合使用。</p><h2 id="spring-cloud-config" tabindex="-1">Spring Cloud Config <a class="header-anchor" href="#spring-cloud-config" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Spring Cloud Config&quot;">​</a></h2><p>SpringCloud子项目，提供了分布式系统中外部配置管理的能力，分为<code>server</code>和<code>client</code> 两部分。<a href="https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-config" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">官网地址</a></p><h2 id="配合git仓库使用" tabindex="-1">配合git仓库使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配合git仓库使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配合git仓库使用&quot;">​</a></h2><p>建立一个git仓库，将配置文件放在仓库里，配置文件格式应用名-profile.properties(yml) ，多服务的情况包名可根据服务前缀命名，在配置中心server端配置中增加search-path配置即可，比如多个包名app-1/app-2，可以配置search-path：app-*</p><h2 id="服务端" tabindex="-1">服务端 <a class="header-anchor" href="#服务端" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;服务端&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="依赖" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-cloud-config-server&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-cloud-config-server&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="配置文件" tabindex="-1">配置文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置文件&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8077</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">spring</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">spring-cloud-config-center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">cloud</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">uri</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">账号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">search-paths</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">app-*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#搜索路径，使用通配符</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">eureka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">client</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">service-url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">defaultZone</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">fetch-registry-interval-seconds</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">prefer-ip-address</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8077</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">spring</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">application</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">spring-cloud-config-center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">cloud</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">uri</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">账号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">password</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">search-paths</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">app-*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#搜索路径，使用通配符</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">eureka</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">client</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">service-url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">defaultZone</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">fetch-registry-interval-seconds</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">prefer-ip-address</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="启动类" tabindex="-1">启动类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">SpringBootApplication</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EnableEurekaClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EnableConfigServer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ConfigCenterApplication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        SpringApplication.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ConfigCenterApplication.class, args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SpringBootApplication</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EnableEurekaClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EnableConfigServer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ConfigCenterApplication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        SpringApplication.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ConfigCenterApplication.class, args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="服务端-1" tabindex="-1">服务端 <a class="header-anchor" href="#服务端-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;服务端&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="依赖-1" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--springcloud config客户端--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-cloud-config-client&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--springcloud config客户端--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-cloud-config-client&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="配置文件-1" tabindex="-1">配置文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置文件-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置文件&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">spring</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">app-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">cloud</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">profile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: @</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">spring.profiles.active@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">label</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">master</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">discovery</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">service-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">spring-cloud-config-center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">eureka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">client</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">service-url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">defaultZone</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">spring</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">application</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">app-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">cloud</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">profile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: @</span><span style="color:#032F62;">spring.profiles.active@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">label</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">master</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">discovery</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">service-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">spring-cloud-config-center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">eureka</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">client</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">service-url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">defaultZone</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>SpringCloudConfig配合服务发现使用时，必须在bootstrap.yaml(或环境变量) 开启服务发现<code>spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled=true</code>，并且要配置注册中心的地址<code>eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone</code> ，服务启动时会首先去注册中心找到配置中心server。</p></div><p>The HTTP service has resources in the following form:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">/{application}/{profile}[/{label}]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">/{application}-{profile}.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">/{label}/{application}-{profile}.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">/{application}-{profile}.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">/{label}/{application}-{profile}.properties</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">/{application}/{profile}[/{label}]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">/{application}-{profile}.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">/{label}/{application}-{profile}.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">/{application}-{profile}.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">/{label}/{application}-{profile}.properties</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="以下引自官网" tabindex="-1">以下引自官网 <a class="header-anchor" href="#以下引自官网" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;以下引自官网&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><h3 id="discovery-first-bootstrap" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-config/docs/2.2.8.RELEASE/reference/html/#discovery-first-bootstrap" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Discovery First Bootstrap</a> <a class="header-anchor" href="#discovery-first-bootstrap" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;[Discovery First Bootstrap](https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-config/docs/2.2.8.RELEASE/reference/html/#discovery-first-bootstrap)&quot;">​</a></h3><p>If you use a <code>DiscoveryClient</code> implementation, such as Spring Cloud Netflix and Eureka Service Discovery or Spring Cloud Consul, you can have the Config Server register with the Discovery Service. However, in the default “Config First” mode, clients cannot take advantage of the registration.</p><p>If you prefer to use <code>DiscoveryClient</code> to locate the Config Server, you can do so by setting <code>spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled=true</code> (the default is <code>false</code>). The net result of doing so is that client applications all need a <code>bootstrap.yml</code> (or an environment variable) with the appropriate discovery configuration. For example, with Spring Cloud Netflix, you need to define the Eureka server address (for example, in <code>eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone</code>). The price for using this option is an extra network round trip on startup, to locate the service registration. The benefit is that, as long as the Discovery Service is a fixed point, the Config Server can change its coordinates. The default service ID is <code>configserver</code>, but you can change that on the client by setting <code>spring.cloud.config.discovery.serviceId</code> (and on the server, in the usual way for a service, such as by setting <code>spring.application.name</code>).</p></blockquote><h2 id="坑" tabindex="-1">坑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#坑" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;坑&quot;">​</a></h2><p>配置中心启动后，其他服务向配置中心获取配置文件时，配置中心会去git上拉配置并缓存在本地的临时目录。</p><p>默认情况下，它们被放在带有config-repo-前缀的系统临时目录中。例如，在linux上，它可以是<code>/tmp/config-repo-&lt;randomid&gt;</code> 。一些操作系统会定期清理临时目录，导致意料之外的情况发生，例如丢失属性。需要在配置文件中增加配置<code>spring.cloud.config.server.git.basedir</code> 或<code>spring.cloud.config.server.svn.basedir</code>来指定一个不在系统临时路径下的目录。</p>`,26),e=[o];function t(c,r,i,E,y,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_Spring Cloud Config\346\216\245\345\205\245.md.d2ee1e89.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_Spring Cloud Config\346\216\245\345\205\245.md.d2ee1e89.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7f110bec
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_Spring Cloud Config\346\216\245\345\205\245.md.d2ee1e89.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"Spring Cloud Config接入","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/Spring Cloud Config接入.md","filePath":"java/framework/Spring Cloud Config接入.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/Spring Cloud Config接入.md"},o=l("",26),e=[o];function t(c,r,i,E,y,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_SpringMVC\347\232\204\346\211\247\350\241\214\346\265\201\347\250\213\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.011de3ca.js" "b/assets/java_framework_SpringMVC\347\232\204\346\211\247\350\241\214\346\265\201\347\250\213\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.011de3ca.js"
new file mode 100644
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+++ "b/assets/java_framework_SpringMVC\347\232\204\346\211\247\350\241\214\346\265\201\347\250\213\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.011de3ca.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析.md","filePath":"java/framework/SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析.md"},e=l(`<h1 id="springmvc的执行流程源码分析" tabindex="-1">SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#springmvc的执行流程源码分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>一个常见的面试/笔试题: SpringMVC的执行流程</p><p>答:</p><p>1、前端请求到核心前端控制器DispatcherServlet</p><p>2、DispatcherServlet收到请求调用HandlerMapping处理器映射器。</p><p>3、处理器映射器找到具体的处理器，生成处理器对象及处理器拦截器(如果有则生成)一并返回给DispatcherServlet。</p><p>4、 DispatcherServlet调用HandlerAdapter处理器适配器。</p><p>5、HandlerAdapter经过适配调用具体的处理器(Controller，也叫后端控制器)。</p><p>6、Controller执行完成返回ModelAndView。</p><p>7、HandlerAdapter将controller执行结果ModelAndView返回给DispatcherServlet。</p><p>8、DispatcherServlet将ModelAndView传给ViewReslover视图解析器。</p><p>9、ViewReslover解析后返回具体View.</p><p>10、DispatcherServlet根据View进行渲染视图（即将模型数据填充至视图中）。</p><p>11、DispatcherServlet响应用户。</p><p>为了应付面试相信很多人和我一样死记硬背过，今天就来看下源码，看看这个流程的庐山真面目。</p><p>首先找到DispatcherServlet类，看看它的继承关系 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//7c35641772854695a2f11a2d11a15fc9.png" alt="diagram.png"></p><h2 id="_1-dispathcerservlet的初始化过程" tabindex="-1">1.DispathcerServlet的初始化过程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-dispathcerservlet的初始化过程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.DispathcerServlet的初始化过程&quot;">​</a></h2><p>过程图 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//4ce896811eba43288927b367844052a7.jpg" alt="2.jpg"></p><p>初始化方法</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onRefresh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ApplicationContext context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initStrategies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initStrategies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ApplicationContext context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initMultipartResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initLocaleResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initThemeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initHandlerMappings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initHandlerAdapters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initHandlerExceptionResolvers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initRequestToViewNameTranslator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initViewResolvers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initFlashMapManager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onRefresh</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ApplicationContext context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initStrategies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initStrategies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ApplicationContext context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initMultipartResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initLocaleResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initThemeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initHandlerMappings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initHandlerAdapters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initHandlerExceptionResolvers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initRequestToViewNameTranslator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initViewResolvers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initFlashMapManager</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到initStrategies方法初始化了9个组件，其中不乏文章开头中问题涉及到的组件</p><p>这九个初始化方法做的事情如下：</p><ul><li>initMultipartResolver：初始化MultipartResolver，用于处理文件上传服务，如果有文件上传，那么就会将当前的HttpServletRequest包装成DefaultMultipartHttpServletRequest，并且将每个上传的内容封装成CommonsMultipartFile对象。需要在dispatcherServlet-servlet.xml中配置文件上传解</li><li>initLocaleResolver：用于处理应用的国际化问题，本地化解析策略。</li><li>initThemeResolver：用于定义一个主题。</li><li>initHandlerMapping：用于定义请求映射关系。</li><li>initHandlerAdapters：用于根据Handler的类型定义不同的处理规则。</li><li>initHandlerExceptionResolvers：当Handler处理出错后，会通过此将错误日志记录在log文件中，默认实现类是SimpleMappingExceptionResolver</li><li>initRequestToViewNameTranslators：将指定的ViewName按照定义的RequestToViewNameTranslators替换成想要的格式。</li><li>initViewResolvers：用于将View解析成页面。</li><li>initFlashMapManager：用于生成FlashMap管理器。</li></ul><h2 id="_2-dispatcherservlet如何处理用户请求" tabindex="-1">2.DispatcherServlet如何处理用户请求 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-dispatcherservlet如何处理用户请求" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.DispatcherServlet如何处理用户请求&quot;">​</a></h2><p>首先要明确DispatcherServlet也是一个Servlet，也要遵守servlet接口的规范，servlet通过service方法来根据不同的请求方式来执行doGet，doPost等方法。而FrameworkServlet重写了service方法，并调用了processRequest方法，processRequest方法中又调用了抽象方法doService，DispatcherServlet实现了doService方法，并在该方法中调用了doDispatch方法，doDispatch方法就是具体的请求处理过程</p><p>过程图： <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//172f19f1372a4d1db544830425c13fa1.jpeg" alt="3.jpeg"></p><h2 id="_3-dodispatch方法" tabindex="-1">3.doDispatch方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-dodispatch方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.doDispatch方法&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * Process the actual dispatching to the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet&#39;s HandlerMappings in order.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet&#39;s installed HandlerAdapters</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * to find the first that supports the handler class.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It&#39;s up to HandlerAdapters or handlers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">request</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> current HTTP request</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">response</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> current HTTP response</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Exception</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> in case of any kind of processing failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doDispatch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		HttpServletRequest processedRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> multipartRequestParsed </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		WebAsyncManager asyncManager </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAsyncManager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			ModelAndView mv </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			Exception dispatchException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//判断是否为上传文件的请求，如果不是就返回原始的request，否则做相应的处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				processedRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">checkMultipart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				multipartRequestParsed </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (processedRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Determine handler for the current request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//找到当前请求对应的处理器，返回的是对应的处理器及拦截器集合</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">noHandlerFound</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Determine handler adapter for the current request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据上一步找到的处理器，再找到对应的处理器适配器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				HandlerAdapter ha </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandlerAdapter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				String method </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isGet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;GET&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(method);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isGet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;HEAD&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(method)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">long</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lastModified </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ha.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLastModified</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ServletWebRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">checkNotModified</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lastModified) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isGet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">						</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//这里执行了所有的拦截器中的preHandle方法 也就是为什么拦截器总在controller前先执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyPreHandle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Actually invoke the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//调用处理器的处理方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				mv </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ha.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//设置modelAndView的默认名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyDefaultViewName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, mv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行拦截器的postHanle方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyPostHandle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response, mv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				dispatchException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Throwable </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">err</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// As of 4.3, we&#39;re processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				dispatchException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NestedServletException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Handler dispatch failed&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//处理modelAndView并渲染</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">processDispatchResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">triggerAfterCompletion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Throwable </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">err</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">triggerAfterCompletion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NestedServletException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Handler processing failed&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (multipartRequestParsed) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cleanupMultipart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * Process the actual dispatching to the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet&#39;s HandlerMappings in order.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet&#39;s installed HandlerAdapters</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * to find the first that supports the handler class.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It&#39;s up to HandlerAdapters or handlers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">request</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> current HTTP request</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">response</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> current HTTP response</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Exception</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> in case of any kind of processing failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doDispatch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		HttpServletRequest processedRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> multipartRequestParsed </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		WebAsyncManager asyncManager </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAsyncManager</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			ModelAndView mv </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			Exception dispatchException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//判断是否为上传文件的请求，如果不是就返回原始的request，否则做相应的处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				processedRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">checkMultipart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				multipartRequestParsed </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (processedRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Determine handler for the current request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//找到当前请求对应的处理器，返回的是对应的处理器及拦截器集合</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">noHandlerFound</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Determine handler adapter for the current request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据上一步找到的处理器，再找到对应的处理器适配器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				HandlerAdapter ha </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandlerAdapter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				String method </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isGet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;GET&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(method);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isGet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;HEAD&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(method)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">long</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lastModified </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ha.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLastModified</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ServletWebRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">checkNotModified</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lastModified) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isGet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">						</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//这里执行了所有的拦截器中的preHandle方法 也就是为什么拦截器总在controller前先执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyPreHandle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Actually invoke the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//调用处理器的处理方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				mv </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ha.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//设置modelAndView的默认名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyDefaultViewName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, mv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行拦截器的postHanle方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyPostHandle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response, mv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				dispatchException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Throwable </span><span style="color:#E36209;">err</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// As of 4.3, we&#39;re processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				dispatchException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NestedServletException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Handler dispatch failed&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//处理modelAndView并渲染</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">processDispatchResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">triggerAfterCompletion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Throwable </span><span style="color:#E36209;">err</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">triggerAfterCompletion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NestedServletException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Handler processing failed&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (multipartRequestParsed) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cleanupMultipart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_1-gethandler方法" tabindex="-1">1.getHandler方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-gethandler方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.getHandler方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>该方法返回的是HandlerExecutionChain对象,其中包含了处理器和过滤器的集合,这里调用了handlerMapping的getHandler方法,该方法主要调用了<code>getHandlerExecutionChain</code>方法,handlerMapping的集合是在初始化dispatchServlet的时候从beanFactory中查找并封装的,具体的handlerMappings初始化细节可以看<code>initHandlerMappings</code>方法,handlerMapping有多种类型,对应不同的请求,比如请求静态资源的和请求接口的等,此处我们以请求一个查询接口为例</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">   if (this.handlerMappings != null) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">   		//循环所有的handlerMapping,直到找到对应的handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">         HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">         if (handler != null) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">            return handler;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">         }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">   return null;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">   if (this.handlerMappings != null) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">   		//循环所有的handlerMapping,直到找到对应的handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">         HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">         if (handler != null) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">            return handler;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">         }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">   return null;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>getHandlerExecutionChain</code>方法</li></ul><p><strong>这里调用的是AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的getHandlerInternal方法,该方法又调用了同一个类中的lookupHandlerMethod方法</strong></p><ul><li><p>lookupHandlerMethod方法会根据请求的uri在mappingRegistry中查询已经注册了的请求路径(requestMapping注解中的路径),如果能直接从map中get到非空的list,就直接根据list匹配对应的HandleMethod对象,如果mappingRegistry中get不到,就尝试使用uri路径匹配,例如带有url参数的这种格式/test/{username}的格式,{username}会被替换为.*的正则表达式去进行匹配,匹配到后返回;</p></li><li><p><code>getHandlerExecutionChain</code>方法则是根据请求的路径匹配拦截器的路径,如果有匹配到的,就添加到执行链当中</p></li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据request找到对应的handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Object handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandlerInternal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDefaultHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Bean name or resolved handler?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			String handlerName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (String) handler;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">obtainApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		HandlerExecutionChain executionChain </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handler, request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isTraceEnabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">trace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mapped to &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handler);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isDebugEnabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDispatcherType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(DispatcherType.ASYNC)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">debug</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mapped to &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> executionChain.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (CorsUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isCorsRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			CorsConfiguration globalConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.corsConfigurationSource.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			CorsConfiguration handlerConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handler, request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			CorsConfiguration config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (globalConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">combine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerConfig) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlerConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			executionChain </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCorsHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, executionChain, config);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> executionChain;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object handler, HttpServletRequest request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		HandlerExecutionChain chain </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				(HandlerExecutionChain) handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handler));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		String lookupPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.urlPathHelper.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLookupPathForRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (HandlerInterceptor interceptor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.adaptedInterceptors) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (interceptor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MappedInterceptor) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				MappedInterceptor mappedInterceptor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (MappedInterceptor) interceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (mappedInterceptor.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">matches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lookupPath, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.pathMatcher)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					chain.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mappedInterceptor.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				chain.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(interceptor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> chain;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据request找到对应的handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Object handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandlerInternal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDefaultHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Bean name or resolved handler?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			String handlerName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (String) handler;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">obtainApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		HandlerExecutionChain executionChain </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handler, request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isTraceEnabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">trace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mapped to &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handler);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isDebugEnabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDispatcherType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(DispatcherType.ASYNC)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">debug</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mapped to &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> executionChain.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (CorsUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isCorsRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			CorsConfiguration globalConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.corsConfigurationSource.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			CorsConfiguration handlerConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handler, request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			CorsConfiguration config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (globalConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">combine</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerConfig) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlerConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			executionChain </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCorsHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, executionChain, config);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> executionChain;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object handler, HttpServletRequest request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		HandlerExecutionChain chain </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				(HandlerExecutionChain) handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handler));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		String lookupPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.urlPathHelper.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLookupPathForRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (HandlerInterceptor interceptor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.adaptedInterceptors) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (interceptor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MappedInterceptor) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				MappedInterceptor mappedInterceptor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (MappedInterceptor) interceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (mappedInterceptor.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">matches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lookupPath, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.pathMatcher)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					chain.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mappedInterceptor.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				chain.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(interceptor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> chain;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_2-gethandleradapter方法" tabindex="-1">2.getHandlerAdapter方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-gethandleradapter方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.getHandlerAdapter方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这个方法比较简单,就是从handlerAdapter集合中遍历找到支持当前请求的处理器适配器,用到了handlerAdapter的supports方法,测试的接口请求会调用AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter这个类的supports方法</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * This implementation expects the handler to be an {@link HandlerMethod}.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">handler</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> the handler instance to check</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> whether or not this adapter can adapt the given handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">supports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object handler) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HandlerMethod </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">supportsInternal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((HandlerMethod) handler));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * This implementation expects the handler to be an {@link HandlerMethod}.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">handler</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> the handler instance to check</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> whether or not this adapter can adapt the given handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">supports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object handler) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HandlerMethod </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">supportsInternal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((HandlerMethod) handler));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_3-handle方法" tabindex="-1">3.handle方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-handle方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.handle方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在找到对应的处理器适配器后,会执行拦截器的preHandle方法,然后执行处理器适配器的handle方法,这个就是实际上调用我们所写的controller了,该方法有几个实现 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2020-07-16_13-13-23.jpg" alt="Snipaste_20200716_131323.jpg"> 这里调用的是AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter的方法,该方法调用了抽象方法<code>handleInternal</code>,它的实现在RequestMappingHandlerAdapter类中</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ModelAndView </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleInternal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest request,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   ModelAndView mav;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">checkRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Execute invokeHandlerMethod in synchronized block if required.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.synchronizeOnSession) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      HttpSession session </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSession</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (session </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         Object mutex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSessionMutex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(session);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">synchronized</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (mutex) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            mav </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// No HttpSession available -&gt; no mutex necessary</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         mav </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// No synchronization on session demanded at all...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      mav </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">containsHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSessionAttributesHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerMethod).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasSessionAttributes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyCacheSeconds</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(response, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cacheSecondsForSessionAttributeHandlers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">prepareResponse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mav;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ModelAndView </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleInternal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest request,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   ModelAndView mav;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">checkRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Execute invokeHandlerMethod in synchronized block if required.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.synchronizeOnSession) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      HttpSession session </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSession</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (session </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         Object mutex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSessionMutex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(session);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">synchronized</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (mutex) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            mav </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// No HttpSession available -&gt; no mutex necessary</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         mav </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// No synchronization on session demanded at all...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      mav </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">containsHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSessionAttributesHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerMethod).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasSessionAttributes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyCacheSeconds</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(response, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cacheSecondsForSessionAttributeHandlers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">prepareResponse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mav;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>其中重点在invokeHandlerMethod方法,这个方法首先初始化了一个新的handlerMethod对象,添加了相关的解析组件,返回值处理器等等,然后执行了invokeAndHandle方法,然后最终调用了InvocableHandlerMethod类中的<code>doInvoke</code>方法</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ModelAndView </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest request,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   ServletWebRequest webRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ServletWebRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDataBinderFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ModelFactory modelFactory </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getModelFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerMethod, binderFactory);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createInvocableHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.argumentResolvers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.argumentResolvers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.returnValueHandlers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.returnValueHandlers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDataBinderFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(binderFactory);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setParameterNameDiscoverer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parameterNameDiscoverer);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ModelAndViewContainer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      mavContainer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addAllAttributes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(RequestContextUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getInputFlashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      modelFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initModel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(webRequest, mavContainer, invocableMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      mavContainer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      AsyncWebRequest asyncWebRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createAsyncWebRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      asyncWebRequest.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.asyncRequestTimeout);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      WebAsyncManager asyncManager </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAsyncManager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTaskExecutor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.taskExecutor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setAsyncWebRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(asyncWebRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">registerCallableInterceptors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.callableInterceptors);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">registerDeferredResultInterceptors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.deferredResultInterceptors);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         Object result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         mavContainer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ModelAndViewContainer) asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getConcurrentResultContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clearConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         LogFormatUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">traceDebug</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(logger, traceOn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String formatted </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LogFormatUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">traceOn);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Resume with async result [&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatted </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         invocableMethod </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrapConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invokeAndHandle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(webRequest, mavContainer);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getModelAndView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      webRequest.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">requestCompleted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ModelAndView </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest request,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   ServletWebRequest webRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ServletWebRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDataBinderFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ModelFactory modelFactory </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getModelFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerMethod, binderFactory);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createInvocableHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.argumentResolvers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.argumentResolvers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.returnValueHandlers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.returnValueHandlers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDataBinderFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(binderFactory);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setParameterNameDiscoverer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parameterNameDiscoverer);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ModelAndViewContainer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      mavContainer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addAllAttributes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(RequestContextUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getInputFlashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      modelFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initModel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(webRequest, mavContainer, invocableMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      mavContainer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      AsyncWebRequest asyncWebRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createAsyncWebRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      asyncWebRequest.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.asyncRequestTimeout);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      WebAsyncManager asyncManager </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAsyncManager</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTaskExecutor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.taskExecutor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setAsyncWebRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(asyncWebRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">registerCallableInterceptors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.callableInterceptors);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">registerDeferredResultInterceptors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.deferredResultInterceptors);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         Object result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         mavContainer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ModelAndViewContainer) asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getConcurrentResultContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clearConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         LogFormatUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">traceDebug</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(logger, traceOn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String formatted </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LogFormatUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">traceOn);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Resume with async result [&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatted </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         invocableMethod </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrapConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invokeAndHandle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(webRequest, mavContainer);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getModelAndView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      webRequest.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">requestCompleted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>doInvoke方法</li></ul><p>这里就比较明显了,首先利用暴力反射将方法设置为可访问的,然后直接反射调用并返回结果</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * Invoke the handler method with the given argument values.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Nullable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Object </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doInvoke</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object... args) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   ReflectionUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">makeAccessible</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invoke</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (IllegalArgumentException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">assertTargetBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      String text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ex.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ex.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Illegal argument&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatInvokeError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(text, args), ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (InvocationTargetException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Unwrap for HandlerExceptionResolvers ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Throwable targetException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ex.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTargetException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RuntimeException) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (RuntimeException) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Error) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Error) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatInvokeError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Invocation failure&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, args), targetException);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * Invoke the handler method with the given argument values.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Nullable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Object </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doInvoke</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object... args) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   ReflectionUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">makeAccessible</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invoke</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (IllegalArgumentException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">assertTargetBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      String text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ex.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ex.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Illegal argument&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatInvokeError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(text, args), ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (InvocationTargetException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Unwrap for HandlerExceptionResolvers ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Throwable targetException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ex.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTargetException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RuntimeException) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (RuntimeException) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Error) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Error) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatInvokeError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Invocation failure&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, args), targetException);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>返回modelAndview对象后就是渲染的一些操作</p>`,48),o=[e];function t(r,c,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,o)}const F=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_SpringMVC\347\232\204\346\211\247\350\241\214\346\265\201\347\250\213\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.011de3ca.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_SpringMVC\347\232\204\346\211\247\350\241\214\346\265\201\347\250\213\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.011de3ca.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e12ec20e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_SpringMVC\347\232\204\346\211\247\350\241\214\346\265\201\347\250\213\346\272\220\347\240\201\345\210\206\346\236\220.md.011de3ca.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析.md","filePath":"java/framework/SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析.md"},e=l("",48),o=[e];function t(r,c,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,o)}const F=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_Spring\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\222\214\346\235\241\344\273\266\345\214\226\347\273\204\344\273\266\345\212\240\350\275\275\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.ac043ce5.js" "b/assets/java_framework_Spring\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\222\214\346\235\241\344\273\266\345\214\226\347\273\204\344\273\266\345\212\240\350\275\275\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.ac043ce5.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b190c9225
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_Spring\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\222\214\346\235\241\344\273\266\345\214\226\347\273\204\344\273\266\345\212\240\350\275\275\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.ac043ce5.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as o,o as e,c as i,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解.md","filePath":"java/framework/Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),a={name:"java/framework/Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解.md"},t=n('<h1 id="spring配置和条件化组件加载注解" tabindex="-1">Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解 <a class="header-anchor" href="#spring配置和条件化组件加载注解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解&quot;">​</a></h1><ul><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnProperty</code>：该注解用于根据配置属性的值来决定是否启用或禁用特定的配置项。通过指定属性名称和值，可以在配置文件中动态地控制应用程序的行为。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnClass</code>：该注解在类路径中存在特定的类时才会生效。它可以用来根据是否引入了某个类来决定是否加载或配置相关的组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@EnableConfigurationProperties</code>：该注解用于启用特定的配置属性绑定功能。它通常与 @ConfigurationProperties 注解一起使用，用于将配置文件中的属性值绑定到对应的 Java 对象中。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConfigurationProperties</code>：将配置文件中的属性值映射到指定的Java类。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnBean</code>：根据指定的bean的存在与否，有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@Conditional</code>：根据指定的条件，有条件地加载一个组件。可以使用自定义条件类。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnMissingBean</code>：如果指定的bean不存在，则有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnMissingClass</code>：如果类路径中缺少指定的类，则有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@AutoConfigureBefore</code>：用于指定某个自动配置类在另一个指定的自动配置类之前生效。它可以控制自动配置类的加载顺序，确保特定的自动配置类在其他自动配置之前被应用。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnExpression</code>：根据指定的SpEL表达式，有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnWebApplication</code>：根据应用程序是否为Web应用程序，有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnResource</code>：根据指定资源的存在与否，有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li></ul>',2),r=[t];function l(p,d,c,s,_,f){return e(),i("div",null,r)}const u=o(a,[["render",l]]);export{g as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_Spring\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\222\214\346\235\241\344\273\266\345\214\226\347\273\204\344\273\266\345\212\240\350\275\275\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.ac043ce5.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_Spring\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\222\214\346\235\241\344\273\266\345\214\226\347\273\204\344\273\266\345\212\240\350\275\275\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.ac043ce5.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2fe567a3
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_Spring\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\222\214\346\235\241\344\273\266\345\214\226\347\273\204\344\273\266\345\212\240\350\275\275\346\263\250\350\247\243.md.ac043ce5.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as o,o as e,c as i,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解.md","filePath":"java/framework/Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),a={name:"java/framework/Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解.md"},t=n("",2),r=[t];function l(p,d,c,s,_,f){return e(),i("div",null,r)}const u=o(a,[["render",l]]);export{g as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_dubbo\346\216\245\345\217\243\350\266\205\346\227\266\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.d100f381.js" "b/assets/java_framework_dubbo\346\216\245\345\217\243\350\266\205\346\227\266\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.d100f381.js"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_dubbo\346\216\245\345\217\243\350\266\205\346\227\266\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.d100f381.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"dubbo接口超时配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/dubbo接口超时配置.md","filePath":"java/framework/dubbo接口超时配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"java/framework/dubbo接口超时配置.md"},p=o(`<h1 id="dubbo接口超时配置" tabindex="-1">dubbo接口超时配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dubbo接口超时配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;dubbo接口超时配置&quot;">​</a></h1><p>最近在跟第三方公司对接商城的账单数据，按对账单维度直接推送所有订单和明细，在测试大批量数据时出现了接口超时情况。原因是provider和consumer的超时时间都设置的比较短，因此要把这个接口超时时间调整更大一些。</p><h2 id="dubbo服务超时时间设置及优先级" tabindex="-1">dubbo服务超时时间设置及优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dubbo服务超时时间设置及优先级" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;dubbo服务超时时间设置及优先级&quot;">​</a></h2><p>dubbo的服务超时时间有三个范围，分别是接口方法、接口类、全局。优先级<code>接口方法&gt;接口类&gt;全局</code>。而consumer服务和provider服务又分别可以配置这些超时时间。优先级为<code>consumer&gt;provider</code>。因此完整的dubbo服务超时配置优先级为<code>消费方method &gt;提供方method&gt;消费方reference&gt;提供方service&gt;消费方全局配置provider&gt;提供方全局配置consumer</code></p><h2 id="使用注解配置" tabindex="-1">使用注解配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用注解配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用注解配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>provider：</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">timeout</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//alibaba包中的service，包含了spring framework的@Service功能和暴露服务功能,timeout单位ms</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Service</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">timeout</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//alibaba包中的service，包含了spring framework的@Service功能和暴露服务功能,timeout单位ms</span></span></code></pre></div><p>cosumer:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Reference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">timeout</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//单位ms</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Reference</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">timeout</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//单位ms</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="使用xml配置" tabindex="-1">使用xml配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用xml配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用xml配置&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="提供方" tabindex="-1">提供方 <a class="header-anchor" href="#提供方" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;提供方&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“5000”/&gt; 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“4000” …/&gt; 接口类配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“3000” …&gt; 方法配置</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“5000”/&gt; 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“4000” …/&gt; 接口类配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“3000” …&gt; 方法配置</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">xml</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">beans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns:xsi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns:dubbo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user-service-provider&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用zookeeper广播注册中心暴露服务地址 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">address</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zookeeper://192.168.0.126:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:protocol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dubbo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;20880&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 和本地bean一样实现服务 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">bean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 timeout 接口类中全部方法超时配置 优先级2 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.UserService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;4000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 单个方法超时配置优先级最高1 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;queryAllUserAddress&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 服务提供者全局超时时间配置优先级最低 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;5000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">beans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#22863A;">xml</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">beans</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns:xsi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns:dubbo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:application</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user-service-provider&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用zookeeper广播注册中心暴露服务地址 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">address</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zookeeper://192.168.0.126:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:protocol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dubbo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;20880&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 和本地bean一样实现服务 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">bean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 timeout 接口类中全部方法超时配置 优先级2 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.UserService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;4000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 单个方法超时配置优先级最高1 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;queryAllUserAddress&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 服务提供者全局超时时间配置优先级最低 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;5000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">beans</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="消费方" tabindex="-1">消费方 <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费方" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费方&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“4000” &gt; 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“3000” …&gt; 接口类配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“2000” …&gt; 方法配置</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“4000” &gt; 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“3000” …&gt; 接口类配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“2000” …&gt; 方法配置</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">xml</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">beans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns:xsi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns:dubbo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;order-service-consumer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用zookeeper广播注册中心暴露服务地址 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">address</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zookeeper://192.168.0.126:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 引用配置： 创建一个远程服务代理，一个引用可以指向多个注册中心 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.UserService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;queryAllUserAddress&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- orderService --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">bean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.impl.OrderServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">bean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 超时全局配置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;4000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">beans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#22863A;">xml</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">beans</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns:xsi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns:dubbo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:application</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;order-service-consumer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用zookeeper广播注册中心暴露服务地址 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">address</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zookeeper://192.168.0.126:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 引用配置： 创建一个远程服务代理，一个引用可以指向多个注册中心 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.UserService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;queryAllUserAddress&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- orderService --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">bean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.impl.OrderServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">bean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 超时全局配置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;4000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">beans</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div>`,16),e=[p];function t(c,r,E,y,i,u){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const F=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{b as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_dubbo\346\216\245\345\217\243\350\266\205\346\227\266\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.d100f381.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_dubbo\346\216\245\345\217\243\350\266\205\346\227\266\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.d100f381.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b5d24305
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_dubbo\346\216\245\345\217\243\350\266\205\346\227\266\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.d100f381.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"dubbo接口超时配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/dubbo接口超时配置.md","filePath":"java/framework/dubbo接口超时配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"java/framework/dubbo接口超时配置.md"},p=o("",16),e=[p];function t(c,r,E,y,i,u){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const F=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{b as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_logback\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211.md.903927df.js" "b/assets/java_framework_logback\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211.md.903927df.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3706bc6a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_logback\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211.md.903927df.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"logback自定义","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/logback自定义.md","filePath":"java/framework/logback自定义.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/logback自定义.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="logback自定义" tabindex="-1">logback自定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#logback自定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;logback自定义&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="自定义日志动态输出内容" tabindex="-1">自定义日志动态输出内容 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义日志动态输出内容" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义日志动态输出内容&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以通过自定义全局拦截器通过MDC存储数据，在logback配置文件中直接通过<code>%X{变量名} </code>读取变量。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description 全局拦截器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/11 16:13</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GlobalInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HandlerInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">preHandle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, HttpServletResponse </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Object </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">handler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 获取当前登录用户信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        LoginSession loginSession </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LoginContext.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLoginSession</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (loginSession </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            MDC.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, loginSession.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getUserName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            MDC.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;anonymous&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description 全局拦截器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/11 16:13</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GlobalInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HandlerInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">preHandle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest </span><span style="color:#E36209;">request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, HttpServletResponse </span><span style="color:#E36209;">response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Object </span><span style="color:#E36209;">handler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 获取当前登录用户信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        LoginSession loginSession </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LoginContext.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLoginSession</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (loginSession </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            MDC.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, loginSession.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getUserName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            MDC.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;anonymous&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="logback-spring-xml" tabindex="-1">logback-spring.xml <a class="header-anchor" href="#logback-spring-xml" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;logback-spring.xml&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;INFO_FILE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--日志文件输出格式--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--%X{operator}可以直接获取当前线程MDC中的operator参数输出到日志中--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} %X{operator}  %msg%n&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;INFO_FILE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--日志文件输出格式--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--%X{operator}可以直接获取当前线程MDC中的operator参数输出到日志中--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} %X{operator}  %msg%n&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="自定义converter" tabindex="-1">自定义converter <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义converter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义converter&quot;">​</a></h2><p>通过自定义转换器来对日志输出的内容进行自定义处理</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/23 15:39</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OperatorConverter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ClassicConverter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">convert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ILoggingEvent </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String operator </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMDCPropertyMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(operator) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;- &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> operator </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; - &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/23 15:39</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OperatorConverter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ClassicConverter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">convert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ILoggingEvent </span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String operator </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMDCPropertyMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(operator) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;- &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> operator </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; - &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="logback-spring-xml-1" tabindex="-1">logback-spring.xml <a class="header-anchor" href="#logback-spring-xml-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;logback-spring.xml&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configuration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scanPeriod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;10 seconds&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--先声明一个转换器--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">conversionRule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">conversionWord</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">converterClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.config.logback.converter.OperatorConverter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--在输出的pattern中直接使用，此时就不需要用%X{变量}了，直接%conversionWord即可--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--此时如果MDC中没有operator变量时%operator会输出空串，否则会输出 &quot;- 操作人姓名 - &quot;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;INFO_FILE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--日志文件输出格式--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} %operator%msg%n&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configuration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configuration</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scanPeriod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;10 seconds&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--先声明一个转换器--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">conversionRule</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">conversionWord</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">converterClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.config.logback.converter.OperatorConverter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--在输出的pattern中直接使用，此时就不需要用%X{变量}了，直接%conversionWord即可--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--此时如果MDC中没有operator变量时%operator会输出空串，否则会输出 &quot;- 操作人姓名 - &quot;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;INFO_FILE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--日志文件输出格式--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} %operator%msg%n&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configuration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="自定义filter" tabindex="-1">自定义filter <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义filter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义filter&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description logback日志过滤器：开发环境下只打印本项目路径下的debug &amp; debug以上级别的日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/16 20:15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">LogBackDebugPackageFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AbstractMatcherFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ILoggingEvent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String PROJECT_BASE_PACKAGE </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decide</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ILoggingEvent </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isStarted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply.NEUTRAL;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Level level </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLevel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (level.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isGreaterOrEqual</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Level.DEBUG)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String loggerName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLoggerName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (level.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Level.DEBUG)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (loggerName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loggerName.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">startsWith</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(PROJECT_BASE_PACKAGE)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply.ACCEPT;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply.DENY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply.ACCEPT;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply.NEUTRAL;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description logback日志过滤器：开发环境下只打印本项目路径下的debug &amp; debug以上级别的日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/16 20:15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">LogBackDebugPackageFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AbstractMatcherFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ILoggingEvent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String PROJECT_BASE_PACKAGE </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decide</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ILoggingEvent </span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isStarted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply.NEUTRAL;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Level level </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLevel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (level.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isGreaterOrEqual</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Level.DEBUG)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String loggerName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLoggerName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (level.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Level.DEBUG)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (loggerName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loggerName.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">startsWith</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(PROJECT_BASE_PACKAGE)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply.ACCEPT;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply.DENY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply.ACCEPT;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply.NEUTRAL;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="logback-spring-xml-2" tabindex="-1">logback-spring.xml <a class="header-anchor" href="#logback-spring-xml-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;logback-spring.xml&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--输出到控制台--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CONSOLE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.config.logback.LogBackDebugPackageFilter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">Pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;\${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">Pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 设置字符集 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--输出到控制台--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CONSOLE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.config.logback.LogBackDebugPackageFilter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">Pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;\${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">Pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 设置字符集 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div>`,15),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,g){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_logback\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211.md.903927df.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_logback\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211.md.903927df.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ceb2dc0a4
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_logback\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211.md.903927df.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"logback自定义","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/logback自定义.md","filePath":"java/framework/logback自定义.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/logback自定义.md"},o=l("",15),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,g){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_netty_websocket\345\256\236\347\216\260\345\215\263\346\227\266\351\200\232\350\256\257\345\212\237\350\203\275.md.a7af1ecc.js" "b/assets/java_framework_netty_websocket\345\256\236\347\216\260\345\215\263\346\227\266\351\200\232\350\256\257\345\212\237\350\203\275.md.a7af1ecc.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0c945c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_netty_websocket\345\256\236\347\216\260\345\215\263\346\227\266\351\200\232\350\256\257\345\212\237\350\203\275.md.a7af1ecc.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const A=JSON.parse('{"title":"netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能.md","filePath":"java/framework/netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="netty-websocket实现即时通讯功能" tabindex="-1">netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能 <a class="header-anchor" href="#netty-websocket实现即时通讯功能" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能&quot;">​</a></h1><p>大致思路:</p><ul><li>后台应用启动后开启nettyserver</li><li>前台登录后使用websocket连接netty</li><li>登录时先向netty发送一条初始化消息,服务器将保存通道和当前用户的关系映射</li><li>通讯双方都上线时,即可以开始聊天</li></ul><p>后台:</p><ul><li>应用启动后,开启netty服务器</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ServerStarter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ApplicationListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ContextRefreshedEvent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onApplicationEvent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ContextRefreshedEvent </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getParent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IMServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (InterruptedException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ServerStarter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ApplicationListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ContextRefreshedEvent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onApplicationEvent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ContextRefreshedEvent </span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getParent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IMServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (InterruptedException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>nettyserver</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:23</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IMServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Logger logger </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LoggerFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLogger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(IMServer.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InterruptedException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NioEventLoopGroup boss </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NioEventLoopGroup worker </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ServerBootstrap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        serverBootstrap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(boss,worker)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(NioServerSocketChannel.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">localAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//自定义初始化器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">childHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IMStoryInitializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ChannelFuture future </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> serverBootstrap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">bind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        future.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChannelFutureListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">operationComplete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ChannelFuture </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">future</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server start on 8000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:23</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IMServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Logger logger </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LoggerFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLogger</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(IMServer.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InterruptedException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NioEventLoopGroup boss </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NioEventLoopGroup worker </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ServerBootstrap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        serverBootstrap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(boss,worker)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(NioServerSocketChannel.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">localAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//自定义初始化器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">childHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IMStoryInitializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ChannelFuture future </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> serverBootstrap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bind</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        future.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChannelFutureListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">operationComplete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ChannelFuture </span><span style="color:#E36209;">future</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server start on 8000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>初始化器</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:28</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IMStoryInitializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChannelInitializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">SocketChannel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initChannel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(SocketChannel </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ChannelPipeline pipeline </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//http编解码器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addLast</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HttpServerCodec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//以块写数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addLast</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChunkedWriteHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//聚合器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addLast</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HttpObjectAggregator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">64</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//websocket</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addLast</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebSocketServerProtocolHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/ws&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//自定义handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addLast</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChatHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:28</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IMStoryInitializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChannelInitializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SocketChannel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initChannel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(SocketChannel </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ChannelPipeline pipeline </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//http编解码器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addLast</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HttpServerCodec</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//以块写数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addLast</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChunkedWriteHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//聚合器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addLast</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HttpObjectAggregator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">64</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//websocket</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addLast</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebSocketServerProtocolHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/ws&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//自定义handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addLast</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChatHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>自定义handler</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:34</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChatHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SimpleChannelInboundHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TextWebSocketFrame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 管理所有channel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChannelGroup channels </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DefaultChannelGroup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">channelRead0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ctx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, TextWebSocketFrame </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">msg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端发过来的消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> msg.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//当前通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Channel channel </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ctx.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Message message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(content, Message.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMsg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String fromUser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFromUser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端建立连接后先发送一条init消息,后台保存这个通道和用户信息的映射</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAction</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;init&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ChannelUserContext.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fromUser,channel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAction</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(),</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;chat&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Channel toChannel </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChannelUserContext.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getToUser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (toChannel </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//消息接收方在线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                toChannel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writeAndFlush</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">TextWebSocketFrame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(JSON.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toJSONString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFromUser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMsg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接收方不在线 离线消息推送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handlerAdded</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ctx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        channels.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handlerRemoved</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ctx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        channels.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:34</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChatHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SimpleChannelInboundHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TextWebSocketFrame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 管理所有channel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChannelGroup channels </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DefaultChannelGroup</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">channelRead0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ctx</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, TextWebSocketFrame </span><span style="color:#E36209;">msg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端发过来的消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> msg.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//当前通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Channel channel </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ctx.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Message message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(content, Message.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMsg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String fromUser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFromUser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端建立连接后先发送一条init消息,后台保存这个通道和用户信息的映射</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAction</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;init&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ChannelUserContext.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fromUser,channel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAction</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(),</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;chat&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Channel toChannel </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChannelUserContext.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getToUser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (toChannel </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//消息接收方在线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                toChannel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writeAndFlush</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">TextWebSocketFrame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(JSON.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toJSONString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFromUser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMsg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接收方不在线 离线消息推送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handlerAdded</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ctx</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        channels.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handlerRemoved</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ctx</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        channels.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>通道和用户的映射保存</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:46</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChannelUserContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ConcurrentHashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; userChannelMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        userChannelMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ConcurrentHashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Channel </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        userChannelMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(user,channel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Channel </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> userChannelMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(user);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:46</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChannelUserContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ConcurrentHashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; userChannelMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        userChannelMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ConcurrentHashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Channel </span><span style="color:#E36209;">channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        userChannelMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(user,channel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Channel </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> userChannelMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(user);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>message</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:38</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">long</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> serialVersionUID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">301234912340234L</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String msg;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String fromUser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String toUser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String action;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:38</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">long</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> serialVersionUID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">301234912340234L</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String msg;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String fromUser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String toUser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String action;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>前台页面1</p><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;WebSocket客户端&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/javascript&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> socket;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果浏览器支持WebSocket</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(window.WebSocket){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//参数就是与服务器连接的地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        socket </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebSocket</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ws://localhost:8000/ws&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端收到服务器消息的时候就会执行这个回调方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onmessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(event);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ta </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ta.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">event.data;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//连接建立的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onopen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ta </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;连接开启&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;init&quot;,&quot;msg&quot;:&quot;test&quot;,&quot;fromUser&quot;:&quot;张三&quot;,&quot;toUser&quot;:&quot;李四&quot;}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            socket.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//连接断掉的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onclose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ta </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ta.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;连接关闭&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;浏览器不支持WebSocket！&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">window.WebSocket){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//当websocket状态打开</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(socket.readyState </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebSocket.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">OPEN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;chat&quot;,&quot;msg&quot;:&quot;&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&quot;,&quot;fromUser&quot;:&quot;张三&quot;,&quot;toUser&quot;:&quot;李四&quot;}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            socket.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;连接没有开启&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">form</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onsubmit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">textarea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width: 400px;height: 200px&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">textarea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> =</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;button&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;张三:发送数据&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onclick</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">form</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">message</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">);&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">h3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;服务器输出：&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">h3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">textarea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> =</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width: 400px;height: 300px;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">textarea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;button&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onclick</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">javascript</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">document</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">(&#39;responseText&#39;).</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;清空数据&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">form</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#22863A;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;WebSocket客户端&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/javascript&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> socket;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果浏览器支持WebSocket</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(window.WebSocket){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//参数就是与服务器连接的地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        socket </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebSocket</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ws://localhost:8000/ws&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端收到服务器消息的时候就会执行这个回调方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onmessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(event);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ta </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ta.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">event.data;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//连接建立的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onopen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ta </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;连接开启&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;init&quot;,&quot;msg&quot;:&quot;test&quot;,&quot;fromUser&quot;:&quot;张三&quot;,&quot;toUser&quot;:&quot;李四&quot;}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            socket.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//连接断掉的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onclose</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ta </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ta.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;连接关闭&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;浏览器不支持WebSocket！&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">window.WebSocket){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//当websocket状态打开</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(socket.readyState </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebSocket.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">OPEN</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;chat&quot;,&quot;msg&quot;:&quot;&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&quot;,&quot;fromUser&quot;:&quot;张三&quot;,&quot;toUser&quot;:&quot;李四&quot;}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            socket.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;连接没有开启&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">form</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onsubmit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">textarea</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width: 400px;height: 200px&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">textarea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> =</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;button&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;张三:发送数据&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onclick</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#032F62;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">form</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">message</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">value</span><span style="color:#032F62;">);&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">h3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;服务器输出：&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">h3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">textarea</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> =</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width: 400px;height: 300px;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">textarea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;button&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onclick</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">javascript</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">document</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#032F62;">(&#39;responseText&#39;).</span><span style="color:#24292E;">value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;清空数据&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">form</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>页面二就是对这个页面稍微改一下</p><p>启动后台后打开两个页面,即可开始进行通讯 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//066e71b5e86d4b7fb03a82cf440496e4.jpg" alt="1.jpg"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//9e901e6eff0941d1a2542b2c15df351e.jpg" alt="2.jpg"><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//df96070561aa44fa91e6d82156ec9505.jpg" alt="3.jpg"><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//0bcfbfa509bb42a79ddf823a6c057033.jpg" alt="4.jpg"></p>`,21),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const d=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{A as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_netty_websocket\345\256\236\347\216\260\345\215\263\346\227\266\351\200\232\350\256\257\345\212\237\350\203\275.md.a7af1ecc.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_netty_websocket\345\256\236\347\216\260\345\215\263\346\227\266\351\200\232\350\256\257\345\212\237\350\203\275.md.a7af1ecc.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23a549d77
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_netty_websocket\345\256\236\347\216\260\345\215\263\346\227\266\351\200\232\350\256\257\345\212\237\350\203\275.md.a7af1ecc.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const A=JSON.parse('{"title":"netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能.md","filePath":"java/framework/netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能.md"},o=l("",21),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const d=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{A as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_spring-session\345\256\236\347\216\260\351\233\206\347\276\244session\345\205\261\344\272\253.md.8c867f0c.js" "b/assets/java_framework_spring-session\345\256\236\347\216\260\351\233\206\347\276\244session\345\205\261\344\272\253.md.8c867f0c.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a0943049
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_spring-session\345\256\236\347\216\260\351\233\206\347\276\244session\345\205\261\344\272\253.md.8c867f0c.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"spring-session实现集群session共享","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/spring-session实现集群session共享.md","filePath":"java/framework/spring-session实现集群session共享.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"java/framework/spring-session实现集群session共享.md"},l=p(`<h1 id="spring-session实现集群session共享" tabindex="-1">spring-session实现集群session共享 <a class="header-anchor" href="#spring-session实现集群session共享" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;spring-session实现集群session共享&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="问题场景" tabindex="-1">问题场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#问题场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;问题场景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>系统后台登录使用的是图片验证码，生成验证码接口会把验证码放在session中，登录时前端会携带账号密码的密文和验证码到后台，后台再用session中的验证码和前端带过来的进行校验。利用单机的session存储信息有个显而易见的问题，集群环境下这个功能是不可用的，因此要对这个过程进行改造，实现集群共享session，这里采用的是spring-session + redis的方案。</p><h2 id="实现" tabindex="-1">实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现&quot;">​</a></h2><p>spring-session和springboot的集成非常简单，如果项目使用的是springboot只需要引入依赖，再添加几个简单的配置类即可。如果是ssm那就要稍微麻烦点，要写xml的配置文件。本文是springboot的集成方案，详细内容可以下载spring-session官方<a href="https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-session" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">sample</a>查看。</p><h3 id="依赖" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--spring-session--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.session&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-session-data-redis&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;2.0.3.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--spring-session--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.session&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-session-data-redis&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;2.0.3.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="配置类" tabindex="-1">配置类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.session.web.context.AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Initializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Initializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Config.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.session.web.context.AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Initializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Initializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Config.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.EnableRedisHttpSession;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(EmbeddedRedisConfig.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EnableRedisHttpSession</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.EnableRedisHttpSession;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Import</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(EmbeddedRedisConfig.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EnableRedisHttpSession</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStandaloneConfiguration;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">EmbeddedRedisConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;\${session.share.redis.ip}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String ip;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;\${session.share.redis.db}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String db;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RedisConnectionFactory </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">redisConnectionFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        log.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;session redis ip :{}, db:{}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,ip,db);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RedisStandaloneConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ip);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6379</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//指定database</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDatabase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(db));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JedisConnectionFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(redisConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStandaloneConfiguration;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">EmbeddedRedisConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;\${session.share.redis.ip}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String ip;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;\${session.share.redis.db}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String db;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RedisConnectionFactory </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">redisConnectionFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        log.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;session redis ip :{}, db:{}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,ip,db);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RedisStandaloneConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ip);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPort</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6379</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//指定database</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDatabase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(db));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JedisConnectionFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(redisConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="业务代码" tabindex="-1">业务代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#业务代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;业务代码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这里就省略了，思路很简单，就是用session_id作为key存储登录验证码，从而实现不论登录请求落到集群的哪个服务器都能从redis中获取到正确的验证码。</p><h2 id="总结" tabindex="-1">总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#总结" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;总结&quot;">​</a></h2><p>不得不感慨下spring生态的强大，毫不费力的就集成了一个功能。spring-session使用redis共享session的原理是通过RedisHttpSessionConfiguration配置类，生成一个过滤器SessionRepositoryFilter并且加入到过滤器链中，而且这个过滤器优先级是最高的，然后在SessionRepositoryFilter的doFilter方法中使用HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse的包装类把原始的request、response对象包装一下传递到其他过滤器中，在doFilter的final代码段里通过commitSession实现session到redis的持久化。简单的说就是spring-session使用redis存储的session替换了tomcat的httpsession实现。</p>`,15),e=[l];function t(r,c,i,E,y,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const f=s(o,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_spring-session\345\256\236\347\216\260\351\233\206\347\276\244session\345\205\261\344\272\253.md.8c867f0c.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_spring-session\345\256\236\347\216\260\351\233\206\347\276\244session\345\205\261\344\272\253.md.8c867f0c.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a53e7455
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_spring-session\345\256\236\347\216\260\351\233\206\347\276\244session\345\205\261\344\272\253.md.8c867f0c.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"spring-session实现集群session共享","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/spring-session实现集群session共享.md","filePath":"java/framework/spring-session实现集群session共享.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"java/framework/spring-session实现集群session共享.md"},l=p("",15),e=[l];function t(r,c,i,E,y,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const f=s(o,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_springcloud\344\274\230\351\233\205\344\270\213\347\272\277\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.7efb2dbf.js" "b/assets/java_framework_springcloud\344\274\230\351\233\205\344\270\213\347\272\277\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.7efb2dbf.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c16f6d52a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_springcloud\344\274\230\351\233\205\344\270\213\347\272\277\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.7efb2dbf.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"springcloud优雅下线服务","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/springcloud优雅下线服务.md","filePath":"java/framework/springcloud优雅下线服务.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/springcloud优雅下线服务.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="springcloud优雅下线服务" tabindex="-1">springcloud优雅下线服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#springcloud优雅下线服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;springcloud优雅下线服务&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="问题场景" tabindex="-1">问题场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#问题场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;问题场景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>线上问题需要紧急修复部署，但是服务一直在跑，网关还会一直往服务中路由请求进行处理，如果直接停掉服务，客户端会出现业务中断的问题。因此需要在替换更新前先手动下线服务，这样用户请求不会被分发到下线的节点上，就可以直接进行更新而不影响用户体验。</p><h2 id="实现" tabindex="-1">实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="查询注册中心中服务的状态" tabindex="-1">查询注册中心中服务的状态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查询注册中心中服务的状态" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查询注册中心中服务的状态&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port</span></span></code></pre></div><p>例如</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="结果" tabindex="-1">结果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结果&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UP&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;  # 状态为在线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UNKNOWN&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; # 重写状态为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961178498&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654480&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;ADDED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UP&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;  # 状态为在线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UNKNOWN&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; # 重写状态为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961178498&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654480&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;ADDED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="通知注册中心服务下线" tabindex="-1">通知注册中心服务下线 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通知注册中心服务下线" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通知注册中心服务下线&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port/status?value=OUT_OF_SERVICE</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port/status?value=OUT_OF_SERVICE</span></span></code></pre></div><p>例如：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001/status?value=OUT_OF_SERVICE</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001/status?value=OUT_OF_SERVICE</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="结果-1" tabindex="-1">结果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结果-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结果&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">HTTP/1.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 请求成功</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-Content-Type-Options:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nosniff</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-XSS-Protection:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; mode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">block</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cache-Control:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-cache,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-store,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">max-age=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">must-revalidate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Pragma:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-cache</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Expires:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-Frame-Options:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DENY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Content-Type:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application/xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Content-Length:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Mon,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Nov</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2021</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">07</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:30:32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">GMT</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HTTP/1.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 请求成功</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-Content-Type-Options:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">nosniff</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-XSS-Protection:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; mode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">block</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cache-Control:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-cache,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-store,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">max-age=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">must-revalidate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Pragma:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-cache</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Expires:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-Frame-Options:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DENY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Content-Type:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application/xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Content-Length:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Mon,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Nov</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2021</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">07</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:30:32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">GMT</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="再次查询服务状态" tabindex="-1">再次查询服务状态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#再次查询服务状态" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;再次查询服务状态&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;OUT_OF_SERVICE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; # 服务状态-已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;OUT_OF_SERVICE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; # 重写状态为已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961468691&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961432181&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654480&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;MODIFIED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;OUT_OF_SERVICE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; # 服务状态-已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;OUT_OF_SERVICE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; # 重写状态为已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961468691&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961432181&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654480&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;MODIFIED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到此时，服务状态为已经下线，不过还是要等到网关服务不再路由请求到该服务时再停掉服务。</p><h3 id="通知注册中心服务上线" tabindex="-1">通知注册中心服务上线 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通知注册中心服务上线" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通知注册中心服务上线&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port/status</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port/status</span></span></code></pre></div><p>例如：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001/status</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001/status</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="结果-2" tabindex="-1">结果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结果-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结果&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">HTTP/1.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 请求成功</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-Content-Type-Options:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nosniff</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-XSS-Protection:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; mode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">block</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cache-Control:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-cache,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-store,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">max-age=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">must-revalidate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Pragma:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-cache</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Expires:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-Frame-Options:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DENY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Content-Type:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application/xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Content-Length:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Mon,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Nov</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2021</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">07</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:37:11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">GMT</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HTTP/1.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 请求成功</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-Content-Type-Options:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">nosniff</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-XSS-Protection:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; mode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">block</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cache-Control:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-cache,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-store,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">max-age=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">must-revalidate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Pragma:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-cache</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Expires:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-Frame-Options:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DENY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Content-Type:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application/xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Content-Length:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Mon,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Nov</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2021</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">07</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:37:11</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">GMT</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="再次查询服务状态-1" tabindex="-1">再次查询服务状态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#再次查询服务状态-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;再次查询服务状态&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UP&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; # 此时服务已上线 如果通知后立刻查询,状态可能会是unknown，隔一段时间再查询即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UNKNOWN&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961828894&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961861799&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961828894&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961828889&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;ADDED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UP&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; # 此时服务已上线 如果通知后立刻查询,状态可能会是unknown，隔一段时间再查询即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UNKNOWN&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961828894&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961861799&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961828894&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961828889&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;ADDED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div>`,27),t=[o];function e(c,r,E,y,i,g){return a(),n("div",null,t)}const u=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{m as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_springcloud\344\274\230\351\233\205\344\270\213\347\272\277\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.7efb2dbf.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_springcloud\344\274\230\351\233\205\344\270\213\347\272\277\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.7efb2dbf.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..367c70476
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_springcloud\344\274\230\351\233\205\344\270\213\347\272\277\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.7efb2dbf.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"springcloud优雅下线服务","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/springcloud优雅下线服务.md","filePath":"java/framework/springcloud优雅下线服务.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/springcloud优雅下线服务.md"},o=l("",27),t=[o];function e(c,r,E,y,i,g){return a(),n("div",null,t)}const u=s(p,[["render",e]]);export{m as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git a/assets/java_framework_swagger_knife4j.md.6a4fc9a2.js b/assets/java_framework_swagger_knife4j.md.6a4fc9a2.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e83fb447a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/java_framework_swagger_knife4j.md.6a4fc9a2.js
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"swagger+knife4j","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/swagger+knife4j.md","filePath":"java/framework/swagger+knife4j.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/swagger+knife4j.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="swagger-knife4j" tabindex="-1">swagger+knife4j <a class="header-anchor" href="#swagger-knife4j" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swagger+knife4j&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="swagger2风格" tabindex="-1">swagger2风格 <a class="header-anchor" href="#swagger2风格" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swagger2风格&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="pom" tabindex="-1">POM <a class="header-anchor" href="#pom" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;POM&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;io.springfox&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;springfox-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;3.0.0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;com.github.xiaoymin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;knife4j-spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;3.0.2&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;io.springfox&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;springfox-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;3.0.0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;com.github.xiaoymin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;knife4j-spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;3.0.2&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="swagger-config" tabindex="-1">swagger config <a class="header-anchor" href="#swagger-config" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swagger config&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// swagger config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EnableOpenApi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EnableKnife4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SwaggerConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Docket </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createRestApi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 返回文档摘要信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Docket</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(DocumentationType.OAS_30)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.withMethodAnnotation(Operation.class))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(RequestHandlerSelectors.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">basePackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">paths</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(PathSelectors.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">globalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getGlobalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">globalResponses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpMethod.GET, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">globalResponses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpMethod.POST, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 生成接口信息，包括标题、联系人等</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ApiInfo </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ApiInfoBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接口文档&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;如有雷同，纯属故意&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Contact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc@163.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 封装全局通用参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequestParameter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getGlobalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequestParameter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; parameters </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        parameters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RequestParameterBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">required</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ParameterType.QUERY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">query</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(q </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> q.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">model</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(m </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> m.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scalarModel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ScalarType.STRING)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">required</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parameters;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 封装通用响应信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; responseList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        responseList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ResponseBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">code</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;404&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;未找到资源&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> responseList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// swagger config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EnableOpenApi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EnableKnife4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SwaggerConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Docket </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createRestApi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 返回文档摘要信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Docket</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(DocumentationType.OAS_30)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.withMethodAnnotation(Operation.class))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apis</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(RequestHandlerSelectors.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">basePackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">paths</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(PathSelectors.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">globalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getGlobalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">globalResponses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpMethod.GET, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">globalResponses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpMethod.POST, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 生成接口信息，包括标题、联系人等</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ApiInfo </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ApiInfoBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;接口文档&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;如有雷同，纯属故意&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Contact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc@163.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 封装全局通用参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequestParameter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getGlobalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequestParameter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; parameters </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        parameters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RequestParameterBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">required</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ParameterType.QUERY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">query</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(q </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> q.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">model</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(m </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> m.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scalarModel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ScalarType.STRING)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">required</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parameters;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 封装通用响应信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; responseList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        responseList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ResponseBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">code</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;404&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;未找到资源&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> responseList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="webmvcconfig" tabindex="-1">WebMvcConfig <a class="header-anchor" href="#webmvcconfig" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;WebMvcConfig&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TokenInterceptor tokenInterceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(InterceptorRegistry </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] ignore </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/doc.html**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/webjars/js/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/webjars/css/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/swagger-ui/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/swagger-resources/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/v3/**&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tokenInterceptor).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addPathPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">excludePathPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ignore);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TokenInterceptor tokenInterceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#E36209;">registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(InterceptorRegistry </span><span style="color:#E36209;">registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] ignore </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/doc.html**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/webjars/js/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/webjars/css/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/swagger-ui/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/swagger-resources/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/v3/**&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tokenInterceptor).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addPathPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">excludePathPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ignore);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="swagger2注解" tabindex="-1">swagger2注解 <a class="header-anchor" href="#swagger2注解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swagger2注解&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>@Api</code>:定义接口分组名称</li><li><code>@ApiImplicitParam</code>: 单个参数注释</li><li><code>@ApiImplicitParams</code>:多个参数注释</li><li><code>@ApiModel</code>:实体类定义</li><li><code>@ApiModelProperty</code>:实体属性定义</li><li><code>@ApiOperation</code>:接口定义</li><li><code>@ApiParam</code>:参数注释</li><li><code>@ApiResponse</code>:响应码</li><li><code>@ApiResponses</code>:多个响应码</li></ul><h2 id="knife4j-openapi3-0风格" tabindex="-1">knife4j+OpenApi3.0风格 <a class="header-anchor" href="#knife4j-openapi3-0风格" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;knife4j+OpenApi3.0风格&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="pom-1" tabindex="-1">POM <a class="header-anchor" href="#pom-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;POM&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;com.github.xiaoymin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;knife4j-openapi3-spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;4.1.0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;com.github.xiaoymin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;knife4j-openapi3-spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;4.1.0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="swagger-config-1" tabindex="-1">swagger config <a class="header-anchor" href="#swagger-config-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swagger config&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Swagger3Config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GlobalOpenApiCustomizer </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">orderGlobalOpenApiCustomizer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> openApi </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Info info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> openApi.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以覆写信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            info.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;API&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            info.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GroupedOpenApi </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">opcenterApi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] packagedToMatch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.controller.wallpaper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GroupedOpenApi.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">builder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;wallpaper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// token header</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addOperationCustomizer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(((operation, handlerMethod) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> operation.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addParametersItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HeaderParameter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">required</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">schema</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> io.swagger.v3.oas.models.media.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StringSchema</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowEmptyValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                )))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">packagesToScan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(packagedToMatch).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GroupedOpenApi </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">adminApi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GroupedOpenApi.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">builder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">packagesToScan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.controller.admin&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OpenAPI </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">customOpenAPI</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OpenAPI</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;story&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;API服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">termsOfService</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://storyxc.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">license</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">License</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;GPLv3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Contact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">email</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc@163.cn&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://storyxc.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">summary</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;API服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Swagger3Config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GlobalOpenApiCustomizer </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">orderGlobalOpenApiCustomizer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> openApi </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Info info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> openApi.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以覆写信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            info.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;API&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            info.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GroupedOpenApi </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">opcenterApi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] packagedToMatch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.controller.wallpaper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GroupedOpenApi.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">builder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;wallpaper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// token header</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addOperationCustomizer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(((operation, handlerMethod) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> operation.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addParametersItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HeaderParameter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">required</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">schema</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> io.swagger.v3.oas.models.media.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StringSchema</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowEmptyValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                )))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">packagesToScan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(packagedToMatch).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GroupedOpenApi </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">adminApi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GroupedOpenApi.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">builder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">packagesToScan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.controller.admin&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OpenAPI </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">customOpenAPI</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OpenAPI</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;story&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;API服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">termsOfService</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://storyxc.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">license</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">License</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;GPLv3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Contact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">email</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc@163.cn&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://storyxc.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">summary</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;API服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="webmvcconfig-1" tabindex="-1">WebMvcConfig <a class="header-anchor" href="#webmvcconfig-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;WebMvcConfig&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TokenInterceptor tokenInterceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(InterceptorRegistry </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] ignore </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/doc.html**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/webjars/js/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/webjars/css/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/swagger-ui/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/swagger-resources/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/v3/**&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tokenInterceptor).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addPathPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">excludePathPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ignore);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TokenInterceptor tokenInterceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#E36209;">registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(InterceptorRegistry </span><span style="color:#E36209;">registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] ignore </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/doc.html**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/webjars/js/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/webjars/css/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/swagger-ui/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/swagger-resources/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/v3/**&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tokenInterceptor).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addPathPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">excludePathPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ignore);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="application-yaml" tabindex="-1">application.yaml <a class="header-anchor" href="#application-yaml" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;application.yaml&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">springdoc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">api-docs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">knife4j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#增强模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">production</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#是否生产，生产会关闭knife4j 需要开启增强模式生效</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">setting</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">swagger-model-name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">模型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">documents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">项目文档</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">locations</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">classpath:doc/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">wallpaper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">locations</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">classpath:sql/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sql</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">springdoc</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">api-docs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">knife4j</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#增强模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">production</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#是否生产，生产会关闭knife4j 需要开启增强模式生效</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">setting</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">swagger-model-name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">模型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">documents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">项目文档</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">locations</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">classpath:doc/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">wallpaper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">locations</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">classpath:sql/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sql</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="openapi3注解" tabindex="-1">OpenApi3注解 <a class="header-anchor" href="#openapi3注解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;OpenApi3注解&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th>Swagger3</th><th>注解说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>@Tag(name = “接口类描述”)</td><td>Controller 类</td></tr><tr><td>@Operation(summary =“接口方法描述”)</td><td>Controller 方法</td></tr><tr><td>@Parameters</td><td>Controller 方法</td></tr><tr><td>@Parameter(description=“参数描述”)</td><td>Controller 方法上 @Parameters 里Controller 方法的参数</td></tr><tr><td>@Parameter(hidden = true) 、@Operation(hidden = true)@Hidden</td><td>排除或隐藏api</td></tr><tr><td>@Schema</td><td>DTO实体DTO实体属性</td></tr></tbody></table>`,21),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const g=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git a/assets/java_framework_swagger_knife4j.md.6a4fc9a2.lean.js b/assets/java_framework_swagger_knife4j.md.6a4fc9a2.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a120b0b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/java_framework_swagger_knife4j.md.6a4fc9a2.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"swagger+knife4j","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/swagger+knife4j.md","filePath":"java/framework/swagger+knife4j.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/swagger+knife4j.md"},o=l("",21),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const g=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250EasyExcel\345\257\274\345\207\272excel.md.cc4ab89c.js" "b/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250EasyExcel\345\257\274\345\207\272excel.md.cc4ab89c.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15c7c31e2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250EasyExcel\345\257\274\345\207\272excel.md.cc4ab89c.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"使用EasyExcel导出excel","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/使用EasyExcel导出excel.md","filePath":"java/framework/使用EasyExcel导出excel.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/使用EasyExcel导出excel.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="使用easyexcel导出excel" tabindex="-1">使用EasyExcel导出excel <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用easyexcel导出excel" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用EasyExcel导出excel&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>本来一直在用easypoi，但是发现多sheet导出easyexcel的支持更好一点，遂切换</p><h2 id="依赖" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;com.alibaba&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;easyexcel&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;2.2.7&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;com.alibaba&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;easyexcel&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;2.2.7&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="导出多sheet" tabindex="-1">导出多sheet <a class="header-anchor" href="#导出多sheet" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导出多sheet&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(X param, HttpServletResponse response) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String templatePath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        OutputStream fos </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ExcelWriter excelWriter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fos </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getOutputStream</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setContentType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;application/vnd.ms-excel&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            SimpleDateFormat yyyyMMdd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SimpleDateFormat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;yyyyMMddHHmmss&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String date </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> yyyyMMdd.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String fileName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> date;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fileName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fileName.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBytes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ISO8859-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Content-Disposition&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;attachment;filename=&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fileName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.xls&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            excelWriter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">write</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fos).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">withTemplate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(templatePath).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            WriteSheet sheet0 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writerSheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            WriteSheet sheet1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writerSheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            FillConfig fillConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FillConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">builder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forceNewRow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Boolean.FALSE).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//遍历：模版文件 {t.属性}  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fill</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FillWrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, xxx), fillConfig, sheet0);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//.fill(exportDate, writeSheet0); 填充单独属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fill</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FillWrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, xxx), fillConfig, sheet1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">finish</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            log.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (fos </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    fos.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    log.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(X param, HttpServletResponse response) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String templatePath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        OutputStream fos </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ExcelWriter excelWriter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fos </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getOutputStream</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setContentType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;application/vnd.ms-excel&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            SimpleDateFormat yyyyMMdd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SimpleDateFormat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;yyyyMMddHHmmss&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String date </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> yyyyMMdd.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String fileName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> date;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fileName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fileName.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBytes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ISO8859-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Content-Disposition&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;attachment;filename=&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fileName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.xls&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            excelWriter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">write</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fos).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">withTemplate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(templatePath).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            WriteSheet sheet0 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writerSheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            WriteSheet sheet1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writerSheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            FillConfig fillConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FillConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">builder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forceNewRow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Boolean.FALSE).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//遍历：模版文件 {t.属性}  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fill</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FillWrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, xxx), fillConfig, sheet0);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//.fill(exportDate, writeSheet0); 填充单独属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fill</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FillWrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, xxx), fillConfig, sheet1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">finish</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            log.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (fos </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    fos.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    log.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div>`,7),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const d=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250EasyExcel\345\257\274\345\207\272excel.md.cc4ab89c.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250EasyExcel\345\257\274\345\207\272excel.md.cc4ab89c.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21e9e0fba
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250EasyExcel\345\257\274\345\207\272excel.md.cc4ab89c.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"使用EasyExcel导出excel","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/使用EasyExcel导出excel.md","filePath":"java/framework/使用EasyExcel导出excel.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/使用EasyExcel导出excel.md"},o=l("",7),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const d=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,d as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250spring validation\350\277\233\350\241\214\345\217\202\346\225\260\346\240\241\351\252\214.md.6dae7ad7.js" "b/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250spring validation\350\277\233\350\241\214\345\217\202\346\225\260\346\240\241\351\252\214.md.6dae7ad7.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7e4a58d7
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250spring validation\350\277\233\350\241\214\345\217\202\346\225\260\346\240\241\351\252\214.md.6dae7ad7.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"使用spring validation进行参数校验","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/使用spring validation进行参数校验.md","filePath":"java/framework/使用spring validation进行参数校验.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/使用spring validation进行参数校验.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="使用spring-validation进行参数校验" tabindex="-1">使用spring validation进行参数校验 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用spring-validation进行参数校验" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用spring validation进行参数校验&quot;">​</a></h1><p>后台的参数校验如果全写在业务代码里会导致代码很臃肿，此时可以引入Spring Validation来进行参数校验，还可以自定义校验规则，自定义参数校验异常等</p><h2 id="简单使用" tabindex="-1">简单使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简单使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简单使用&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li>项目引入spring-boot-starter-web依赖</li></ol><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.hibernate&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;hibernate-validator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;com.fasterxml.jackson.core&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;jackson-databind&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.hibernate&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;hibernate-validator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;com.fasterxml.jackson.core&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;jackson-databind&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li><p>在需要校验的对象前，加上@Validated注解，在对象字段上使用具体校验规则的注解即可。如果是嵌套对象，则在嵌套的对象上使用@Valid注解表明需要嵌套校验</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">receive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequestBody</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Validated</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StatementDto dto, BindingResult result) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (result.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasErrors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">receive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequestBody</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Validated</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StatementDto dto, BindingResult result) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (result.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasErrors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">QchjcCustomerStatementDto</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">NotEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;不能为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Valid</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">OrderDto</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; order;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">DecimalMin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;金额需大于等于0.00&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BigDecimal amount;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">QchjcCustomerStatementDto</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NotEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;不能为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Valid</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">OrderDto</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; order;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DecimalMin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;金额需大于等于0.00&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BigDecimal amount;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>@Validated注解标记的参数会被spring进行校验，校验的信息会存放到其后的BindingResult中，如果有多个参数需要校验可以采用如下形式：(@Validated Person person, BindingResult fooBindingResult ，@Validated Bar bar, BindingResult barBindingResult);即一个校验类对应一个校验结果。</p></div></li></ol><h2 id="常用校验" tabindex="-1">常用校验 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常用校验" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常用校验&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li><p>JSR303/JSR-349: JSR303是一项标准,只提供规范不提供实现，规定一些校验规范即校验注解，如@Null，@NotNull，@Pattern，位于javax.validation.constraints包下。JSR-349是其的升级版本，添加了一些新特性。</p><ol><li><p>@Null 被注释的元素必须为null</p></li><li><p>@NotNull 被注释的元素必须不为null</p></li><li><p>@AssertTrue 被注释的元素必须为true</p></li><li><p>@AssertFalse 被注释的元素必须为false</p></li><li><p>@Min(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须大于等于指定的最小值</p></li><li><p>@Max(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须小于等于指定的最大值</p></li><li><p>@DecimalMin(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须大于等于指定</p><p>最小值</p></li><li><p>@DecimalMax(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须小于等于指定</p><p>最大值</p></li><li><p>@Size(max, min) 被注释的元素的大小必须在指定的范围内</p></li><li><p>@Digits (integer, fraction) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须在可接受的范围内</p></li><li><p>@Past 被注释的元素必须是一个过去的日期</p></li><li><p>@Future 被注释的元素必须是一个将来的日期</p></li><li><p>@Pattern(value) 被注释的元素必须符合指定的正则表达式</p></li></ol></li><li><p>hibernate validation：hibernate validation是对这个规范的实现，并增加了一些其他校验注解，如@Email，@Length，@Range等等</p><ol><li>@Email 被注释的元素必须是电子邮箱地址</li><li>@Length 被注释的字符串的大小必须在指定的范围内</li><li>@NotEmpty 被注释的字符串的必须非空</li><li>@Range 被注释的元素必须在合适的范围内</li></ol></li><li><p>spring validation：spring validation对hibernate validation进行了二次封装，在springmvc模块中添加了自动校验，并将校验信息封装进了特定的类中</p></li></ol><h2 id="统一异常处理" tabindex="-1">统一异常处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#统一异常处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;统一异常处理&quot;">​</a></h2><p>如果方法参数中不声明BindingResult，那么spring校验不通过后会直接抛出BindException，体验很不好。因此我们可以进行自定义异常处理。</p><ul><li>自定义异常</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RuntimeException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">long</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> serialVersionUID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1L</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BindingResult bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(BindingResult </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">bindingResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.bindingResult </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BindingResult </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBindingResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;参数校验不通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RuntimeException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">long</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> serialVersionUID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1L</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BindingResult bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(BindingResult </span><span style="color:#E36209;">bindingResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.bindingResult </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BindingResult </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBindingResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;参数校验不通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>统一异常处理</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ControllerAdvice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ExceptionHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 方法参数校验异常处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ExceptionHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ParameterNotValidException.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ResponseBody</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> O </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleMethodArgumentNotValidException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ParameterNotValidException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        BindingResult bindingResult </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBindingResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        FieldError fieldError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bindingResult.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFieldError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String field </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fieldError.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String defaultMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fieldError.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDefaultMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        O o </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">O</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        o.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setResultCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        o.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setSuccess</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        o.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setResultMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(field </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultMessage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> o;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ControllerAdvice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ExceptionHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 方法参数校验异常处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ExceptionHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ParameterNotValidException.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ResponseBody</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> O </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleMethodArgumentNotValidException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ParameterNotValidException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        BindingResult bindingResult </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBindingResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        FieldError fieldError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bindingResult.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFieldError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String field </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fieldError.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String defaultMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fieldError.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDefaultMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        O o </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">O</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        o.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setResultCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        o.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setSuccess</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        o.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setResultMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(field </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultMessage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> o;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="自定义校验规则" tabindex="-1">自定义校验规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义校验规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义校验规则&quot;">​</a></h2><p>例如，我们需要新增一个校验规则，数字类型必须大于0</p><ul><li><p>新建校验注解</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ElementType.FIELD)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Retention</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Constraint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">validatedBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GreaterThanZeroValidator.class)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//标注校验由哪些类执行，可以是多个</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">GreaterThanZero</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Class</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;?&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">groups</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//在不同接口中参数可能校验的规则不同，可以创建不同的组，并在校验规则标记组，在controller层也标记组，这样就可以不同接口实现不同校验规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Class</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;?&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">payload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ElementType.FIELD)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Retention</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Constraint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">validatedBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GreaterThanZeroValidator.class)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//标注校验由哪些类执行，可以是多个</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">GreaterThanZero</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Class</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;?&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">groups</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//在不同接口中参数可能校验的规则不同，可以创建不同的组，并在校验规则标记组，在controller层也标记组，这样就可以不同接口实现不同校验规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Class</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;?&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">payload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>一个标注(annotation) 是通过<code>@interface</code>关键字来定义的. 这个标注中的属性是声明成类似方法的样式的. 根据Bean Validation API 规范的要求</p><ul><li><p>message属性, 这个属性被用来定义默认得消息模版, 当这个约束条件被验证失败的时候,通过此属性来输出错误信息.</p></li><li></li></ul><p>groups 属性, 用于指定这个约束条件属于哪(些)个校验组.这个的默认值必须是<code>Class&lt;?&gt;</code>类型到空到数组.</p><ul><li><p><code>payload</code> 属性, Bean Validation API 的使用者可以通过此属性来给约束条件指定严重级别. 这个属性并不被API自身所使用.</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Severity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Payload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Payload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContactDetails</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">NotNull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Name is mandatory&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">payload</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Severity.Error.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">NotNull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Phone number not specified, but not mandatory&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">payload</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Severity.Info.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String phoneNumber;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Severity</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Info</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Payload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Payload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContactDetails</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NotNull</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Name is mandatory&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">payload</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Severity.Error.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NotNull</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Phone number not specified, but not mandatory&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">payload</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Severity.Info.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String phoneNumber;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这样, 在校验完一个<code>ContactDetails</code> 的示例之后, 你就可以通过调用<code>ConstraintViolation.getConstraintDescriptor().getPayload()</code>来得到之前指定到错误级别了,并且可以根据这个信息来决定接下来到行为.</p></li></ul></blockquote></li><li><p>校验规则类</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GreaterThanZeroValidator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ConstraintValidator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">GreaterThanZero</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isValid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, ConstraintValidatorContext </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">constraintValidatorContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (o </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (o </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Number) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((Number) o).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">intValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GreaterThanZeroValidator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ConstraintValidator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">GreaterThanZero</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isValid</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object </span><span style="color:#E36209;">o</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, ConstraintValidatorContext </span><span style="color:#E36209;">constraintValidatorContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (o </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (o </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Number) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((Number) o).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">intValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>ConstraintValidator</code>定义了两个泛型参数, 第一个是这个校验器所服务到标注类型, 第二个这个校验器所支持到被校验元素到类型.如果一个约束标注支持多种类型到被校验元素的话, 那么需要为每个所支持的类型定义一个<code>ConstraintValidator</code>,并且注册到约束标注中.这个验证器的实现就很平常了</li><li><code>initialize()</code> 方法传进来一个所要验证的标注类型的实例</li><li><code>isValid()</code>是实现真正的校验逻辑的地方</li></ul></li></ul>`,17),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const g=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250spring validation\350\277\233\350\241\214\345\217\202\346\225\260\346\240\241\351\252\214.md.6dae7ad7.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250spring validation\350\277\233\350\241\214\345\217\202\346\225\260\346\240\241\351\252\214.md.6dae7ad7.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6ae54358
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_\344\275\277\347\224\250spring validation\350\277\233\350\241\214\345\217\202\346\225\260\346\240\241\351\252\214.md.6dae7ad7.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"使用spring validation进行参数校验","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/使用spring validation进行参数校验.md","filePath":"java/framework/使用spring validation进行参数校验.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/使用spring validation进行参数校验.md"},o=l("",17),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const g=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\345\256\232\346\227\266\344\273\273\345\212\241\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210xxl-job.md.cc3b95db.js" "b/assets/java_framework_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\345\256\232\346\227\266\344\273\273\345\212\241\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210xxl-job.md.cc3b95db.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82eb69866
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\345\256\232\346\227\266\344\273\273\345\212\241\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210xxl-job.md.cc3b95db.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as l,o as a,c as i,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job.md","filePath":"java/framework/分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"java/framework/分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job.md"},t=o('<h1 id="分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job" tabindex="-1">分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>今天领导让我了解下分布式定时任务的内容,对项目中目前的定时任务改造一下,公司目前项目中封装的定时任务注解是基于spring的scheduler的,单机环境下没问题,但是为了服务的高可用生产都是集群部署的,会导致任务多次运行的问题,上家公司用的ssm,定时任务选型是Quartz,生产上采用的quartz的集群部署,quartz集群是不会出现任务重复执行的,原理跟下文讲到的xxl-job一样都是通过数据库表来加锁实现</p><h2 id="xxl-job" tabindex="-1">xxl-job <a class="header-anchor" href="#xxl-job" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;xxl-job&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Xxl-job官网:<a href="https://www.xuxueli.com/xxl-job/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.xuxueli.com/xxl-job/</a></p><p>XXL-JOB是一个分布式任务调度平台，其核心设计目标是开发迅速、学习简单、轻量级、易扩展。现已开放源代码并接入多家公司线上产品线，开箱即用。</p><p>选择xxl-job的原因有以下几点:</p><ul><li>调度和任务解耦,有单独的调度中心及控制台</li><li>代码易扩展</li><li>实现的功能比较全面</li></ul><p>使用流程:</p><ul><li><p>执行doc中的sql脚本,建相关的库表,具体表的作用可阅读帮助文档</p></li><li><p>修改xxl-job-admin配置文件后可以直接启动admin应用</p></li><li><p>修改执行器应用中配置文件,注意匹配admin的相关信息</p></li><li><p>copy一份示例执行器的代码 修改应用端口和执行端口</p></li><li><p>启动两个示例执行器应用(模拟集群)</p></li><li><p>打开控制台可以看到已经注册上了两个节点 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-18_20-18-51.png" alt="Snipaste_20210318_201851.png"></p></li><li><p>在控制台任务管理中修改任务的相关信息,这里只试个最简单的,更多高级配置请看使用文档</p></li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-18_20-21-27.png" alt="Snipaste_20210318_202127.png"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-18_20-22-18.png" alt="Snipaste_20210318_202218.png"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-18_20-22-26.png" alt="Snipaste_20210318_202226.png"></p><p>可以在控制台的调度记录中看到,集群模式下任务也只执行了一次.</p><p>除了cron任务,xxl-job中还支持周期性的任务,shell任务等.路由策略还支持轮询,一致性哈希,故障转移等,在admin中配置好java.mail信息,在控制配置任务时添加告警邮件,在任务调度出现异常时还会邮件告警</p><p>集成到微服务系统的思路:</p><ul><li>数据库建表</li><li>新建一个job-admin服务将xxl-job-admin迁移,修改配置信息</li><li>在需要定时任务的业务服务中引入xxl-core依赖</li><li>在任务类中实现业务逻辑,任务方法上加上@XxlJob(value = &quot;xxHandler&quot;)</li><li>admin服务启动后启动具体的业务服务</li><li>在调度中心新建任务,配置相关信息,注意JobHandler的值为@XxlJob注解的Value</li></ul>',17),p=[t];function r(x,s,n,_,c,m){return a(),i("div",null,p)}const h=l(e,[["render",r]]);export{d as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\345\256\232\346\227\266\344\273\273\345\212\241\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210xxl-job.md.cc3b95db.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\345\256\232\346\227\266\344\273\273\345\212\241\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210xxl-job.md.cc3b95db.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cfdfa75d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\345\256\232\346\227\266\344\273\273\345\212\241\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210xxl-job.md.cc3b95db.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as l,o as a,c as i,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job.md","filePath":"java/framework/分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"java/framework/分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job.md"},t=o("",17),p=[t];function r(x,s,n,_,c,m){return a(),i("div",null,p)}const h=l(e,[["render",r]]);export{d as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_\345\220\216\347\253\257\345\205\201\350\256\270\350\267\250\345\237\237\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c2c079d5.js" "b/assets/java_framework_\345\220\216\347\253\257\345\205\201\350\256\270\350\267\250\345\237\237\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c2c079d5.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb85ad2bd
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_\345\220\216\347\253\257\345\205\201\350\256\270\350\267\250\345\237\237\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c2c079d5.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"后端允许跨域配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/后端允许跨域配置.md","filePath":"java/framework/后端允许跨域配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"java/framework/后端允许跨域配置.md"},p=o(`<h1 id="后端允许跨域配置" tabindex="-1">后端允许跨域配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#后端允许跨域配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;后端允许跨域配置&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="过滤器方案" tabindex="-1">过滤器方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#过滤器方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;过滤器方案&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CorsFilterConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CorsFilter </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">corsFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setAllowCredentials</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addAllowedOriginPattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addAllowedHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addAllowedMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setMaxAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10000L</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        source.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">registerCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, corsConfiguration);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CorsFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(source);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CorsFilterConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CorsFilter </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">corsFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setAllowCredentials</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addAllowedOriginPattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addAllowedHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addAllowedMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setMaxAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10000L</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        source.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">registerCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, corsConfiguration);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CorsFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(source);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="spring拦截器方案" tabindex="-1">Spring拦截器方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#spring拦截器方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Spring拦截器方案&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedHeaders</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#E36209;">registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedHeaders</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,5),e=[p];function r(t,c,E,y,i,u){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const F=s(l,[["render",r]]);export{C as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_\345\220\216\347\253\257\345\205\201\350\256\270\350\267\250\345\237\237\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c2c079d5.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_\345\220\216\347\253\257\345\205\201\350\256\270\350\267\250\345\237\237\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c2c079d5.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..374cefe23
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_\345\220\216\347\253\257\345\205\201\350\256\270\350\267\250\345\237\237\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c2c079d5.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"后端允许跨域配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/后端允许跨域配置.md","filePath":"java/framework/后端允许跨域配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"java/framework/后端允许跨域配置.md"},p=o("",5),e=[p];function r(t,c,E,y,i,u){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const F=s(l,[["render",r]]);export{C as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211MybatisPlusGenerator.md.fbd32499.js" "b/assets/java_framework_\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211MybatisPlusGenerator.md.fbd32499.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55b8719e8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211MybatisPlusGenerator.md.fbd32499.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"自定义MybatisPlusGenerator","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/自定义MybatisPlusGenerator.md","filePath":"java/framework/自定义MybatisPlusGenerator.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/自定义MybatisPlusGenerator.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="自定义mybatisplusgenerator" tabindex="-1">自定义MybatisPlusGenerator <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义mybatisplusgenerator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义MybatisPlusGenerator&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="入口类" tabindex="-1">入口类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#入口类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;入口类&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.DbType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.StringPool;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.AutoGenerator;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.InjectionConfig;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.po.TableInfo;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.rules.DateType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.rules.NamingStrategy;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.engine.FreemarkerTemplateEngine;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.util.ArrayList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.util.List;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/19 09:20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MybatisPlusCodeGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> System.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user.dir&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//====================配置变量区域=====================//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成文件的作者，可以不填</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String rootPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成的entity、controller、service等包所在的公共上一级包路径全限定名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc-model&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc-web&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String controllerModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc-web&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据库配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/story?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String driverClassName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;root&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String password </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;root&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] tableNames </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//====================配置变量区域=====================//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] tablePrefix </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 代码生成器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        AutoGenerator generator </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AutoGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        GlobalConfig globalConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GlobalConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setOutputDir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成文件的输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setFileOverride</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否覆盖已有文件，默认false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setOpen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否打开输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setAuthor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(author);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setServiceName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;%sService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 去掉service接口的首字母I</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setBaseResultMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 BaseResultMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDateType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(DateType.ONLY_DATE);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只使用 java.util.date代替</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setIdType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(IdType.ASSIGN_ID);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 分配ID (主键类型为number或string）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setGlobalConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(globalConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据源配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        DataSourceConfig dataSourceConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DataSourceConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDbType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(DbType.MYSQL);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据库类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDriverName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(driverClassName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setUsername</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(username);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPassword</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(password);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDataSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(dataSourceConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 包配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        PackageConfig packageConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PackageConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//packageConfig.setModuleName(scanner(&quot;模块名&quot;));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setParent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rootPackage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setController</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;controller&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setService</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;service&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;service&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.impl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.impl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setEntity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dao.entity&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setMapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dao.mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//packageConfig.setXml(&quot;dao.mapper.xml&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPackageInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(packageConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 注意：模板引擎在mybatisplus依赖中的templates目录下，可以依照此默认模板进行自定义</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 策略配置：配置根据哪张表生成代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        StrategyConfig strategy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StrategyConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setInclude</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tableNames);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 表名，多个英文逗号分割（与exclude二选一配置）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setNaming</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(NamingStrategy.underline_to_camel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setColumnNaming</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(NamingStrategy.underline_to_camel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// strategy.setSuperEntityClass(&quot;你自己的父类实体,没有就不用设置!&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setEntityLombokModel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// lombok模型，@Accessors(chain = true)setter链式操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setRestControllerStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// controller生成@RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setEntityTableFieldAnnotationEnable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否生成实体时，生成字段注解</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// strategy.setEntityColumnConstant(true);// 是否生成字段常量（默认 false）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTablePrefix</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tablePrefix);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成实体时去掉表前缀</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        TemplateConfig templateConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">TemplateConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setController</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setService</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setXml</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setMapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setEntity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTemplate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(templateConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(strategy);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTemplateEngine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FreemarkerTemplateEngine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 自定义输出路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// controller</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; focList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/story-entity.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 自定义输出文件名 ， 如果你 Entity 设置了前后缀、此处注意 xml 的名称会跟着发生变化！！</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/dao/entity/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/story-controller.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> controllerModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/controller/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Controller&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/service.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/service/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Service&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// serviceImpl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/story-serviceImpl.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/service/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/impl/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.java</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/story-mapper.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/dao/mapper/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/mapper.xml.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 自定义输出文件名 ， 如果你 Entity 设置了前后缀、此处注意 xml 的名称会跟着发生变化！！</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/resources/mapper/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_XML;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        InjectionConfig injectionConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InjectionConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        injectionConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setFileOutConfigList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(focList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setCfg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(injectionConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.DbType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.StringPool;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.AutoGenerator;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.InjectionConfig;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.po.TableInfo;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.rules.DateType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.rules.NamingStrategy;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.engine.FreemarkerTemplateEngine;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.util.ArrayList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.util.List;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/19 09:20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MybatisPlusCodeGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> System.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user.dir&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//====================配置变量区域=====================//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成文件的作者，可以不填</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String rootPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成的entity、controller、service等包所在的公共上一级包路径全限定名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc-model&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc-web&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String controllerModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc-web&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据库配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/story?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String driverClassName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;root&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String password </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;root&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] tableNames </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//====================配置变量区域=====================//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] tablePrefix </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 代码生成器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        AutoGenerator generator </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AutoGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        GlobalConfig globalConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GlobalConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setOutputDir</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成文件的输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setFileOverride</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否覆盖已有文件，默认false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setOpen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否打开输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setAuthor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(author);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setServiceName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;%sService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 去掉service接口的首字母I</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setBaseResultMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 BaseResultMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDateType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(DateType.ONLY_DATE);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只使用 java.util.date代替</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setIdType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(IdType.ASSIGN_ID);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 分配ID (主键类型为number或string）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setGlobalConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(globalConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据源配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        DataSourceConfig dataSourceConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DataSourceConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDbType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(DbType.MYSQL);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据库类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDriverName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(driverClassName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setUsername</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(username);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPassword</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(password);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDataSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(dataSourceConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 包配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        PackageConfig packageConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PackageConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//packageConfig.setModuleName(scanner(&quot;模块名&quot;));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setParent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rootPackage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setController</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;controller&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setService</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;service&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;service&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.impl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.impl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setEntity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dao.entity&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setMapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dao.mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//packageConfig.setXml(&quot;dao.mapper.xml&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPackageInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(packageConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 注意：模板引擎在mybatisplus依赖中的templates目录下，可以依照此默认模板进行自定义</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 策略配置：配置根据哪张表生成代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        StrategyConfig strategy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StrategyConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setInclude</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tableNames);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 表名，多个英文逗号分割（与exclude二选一配置）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setNaming</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(NamingStrategy.underline_to_camel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setColumnNaming</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(NamingStrategy.underline_to_camel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// strategy.setSuperEntityClass(&quot;你自己的父类实体,没有就不用设置!&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setEntityLombokModel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// lombok模型，@Accessors(chain = true)setter链式操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setRestControllerStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// controller生成@RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setEntityTableFieldAnnotationEnable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否生成实体时，生成字段注解</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// strategy.setEntityColumnConstant(true);// 是否生成字段常量（默认 false）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTablePrefix</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tablePrefix);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成实体时去掉表前缀</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        TemplateConfig templateConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">TemplateConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setController</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setService</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setXml</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setMapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setEntity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTemplate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(templateConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(strategy);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTemplateEngine</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FreemarkerTemplateEngine</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 自定义输出路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// controller</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; focList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/story-entity.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 自定义输出文件名 ， 如果你 Entity 设置了前后缀、此处注意 xml 的名称会跟着发生变化！！</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/dao/entity/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/story-controller.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> controllerModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/controller/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Controller&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/service.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/service/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Service&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// serviceImpl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/story-serviceImpl.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/service/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/impl/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.java</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/story-mapper.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/dao/mapper/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/mapper.xml.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 自定义输出文件名 ， 如果你 Entity 设置了前后缀、此处注意 xml 的名称会跟着发生变化！！</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/resources/mapper/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_XML;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        InjectionConfig injectionConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InjectionConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        injectionConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setFileOutConfigList</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(focList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setCfg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(injectionConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="模板" tabindex="-1">模板 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模板" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模板&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p>模板不能使用IDE格式化，否则生成的文件缩进会有问题</p></div><h3 id="story-entity-java-ftl" tabindex="-1">story-entity.java.ftl <a class="header-anchor" href="#story-entity-java-ftl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;story-entity.java.ftl&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">package \${package.Entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#list table.importPackages as pkg&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import \${pkg};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if swagger2&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.Data;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.experimental.Accessors;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.experimental.FieldNameConstants;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * \${table.comment!}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @author \${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @since \${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if superEntityClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Accessors(chain = true)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if table.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@TableName(&quot;\${table.name}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if swagger2&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@ApiModel(value=&quot;\${entity}对象&quot;, description=&quot;\${table.comment!}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@FieldNameConstants</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if superEntityClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class \${entity} extends \${superEntityClass}&lt;#if activeRecord&gt;&lt;\${entity}&gt;&lt;/#if&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#elseif activeRecord&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class \${entity} extends Model&lt;\${entity}&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class \${entity} implements Serializable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if entitySerialVersionUID&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#-- ----------  BEGIN 字段循环遍历  ----------&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if field.keyFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#assign keyPropertyName=&quot;\${field.propertyName}&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @Schema(description = &quot;\${field.comment}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if field.keyFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#-- 主键 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#if field.keyIdentityFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableId(value = &quot;\${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, type = IdType.AUTO)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#elseif idType??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableId(value = &quot;\${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, type = IdType.\${idType})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#elseif field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableId(&quot;\${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#-- 普通字段 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#elseif field.fill??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#-- -----   存在字段填充设置   -----&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#if field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableField(value = &quot;\${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, fill = FieldFill.\${field.fill})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.\${field.fill})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#elseif field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableField(&quot;\${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#-- 乐观锁注解 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if (versionFieldName!&quot;&quot;) == field.name&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @Version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#-- 逻辑删除注解 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if (logicDeleteFieldName!&quot;&quot;) == field.name&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableLogic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    private \${field.propertyType} \${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#------------  END 字段循环遍历  ----------&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if !entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#if field.propertyType == &quot;boolean&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;#assign getprefix=&quot;is&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;#assign getprefix=&quot;get&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    public \${field.propertyType} \${getprefix}\${field.capitalName}() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        return \${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    public \${entity} set\${field.capitalName}(\${field.propertyType} \${field.propertyName}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    public void set\${field.capitalName}(\${field.propertyType} \${field.propertyName}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        this.\${field.propertyName} = \${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        return this;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if entityColumnConstant&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    public static final String \${field.name?upper_case} = &quot;\${field.name}&quot;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if activeRecord&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    protected Serializable pkVal() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if keyPropertyName??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        return this.\${keyPropertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        return null;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if !entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    public String toString() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        return &quot;\${entity}{&quot; +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#if field_index==0&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &quot;\${field.propertyName}=&quot; + \${field.propertyName} +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &quot;, \${field.propertyName}=&quot; + \${field.propertyName} +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &quot;}&quot;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">package \${package.Entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#list table.importPackages as pkg&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import \${pkg};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if swagger2&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.Data;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.experimental.Accessors;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.experimental.FieldNameConstants;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * \${table.comment!}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @author \${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @since \${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if superEntityClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Accessors(chain = true)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if table.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@TableName(&quot;\${table.name}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if swagger2&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@ApiModel(value=&quot;\${entity}对象&quot;, description=&quot;\${table.comment!}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@FieldNameConstants</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if superEntityClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class \${entity} extends \${superEntityClass}&lt;#if activeRecord&gt;&lt;\${entity}&gt;&lt;/#if&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#elseif activeRecord&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class \${entity} extends Model&lt;\${entity}&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class \${entity} implements Serializable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if entitySerialVersionUID&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#-- ----------  BEGIN 字段循环遍历  ----------&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if field.keyFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#assign keyPropertyName=&quot;\${field.propertyName}&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @Schema(description = &quot;\${field.comment}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if field.keyFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#-- 主键 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#if field.keyIdentityFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableId(value = &quot;\${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, type = IdType.AUTO)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#elseif idType??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableId(value = &quot;\${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, type = IdType.\${idType})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#elseif field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableId(&quot;\${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#-- 普通字段 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#elseif field.fill??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#-- -----   存在字段填充设置   -----&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#if field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableField(value = &quot;\${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, fill = FieldFill.\${field.fill})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.\${field.fill})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#elseif field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableField(&quot;\${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#-- 乐观锁注解 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if (versionFieldName!&quot;&quot;) == field.name&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @Version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#-- 逻辑删除注解 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if (logicDeleteFieldName!&quot;&quot;) == field.name&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableLogic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    private \${field.propertyType} \${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#------------  END 字段循环遍历  ----------&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if !entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#if field.propertyType == &quot;boolean&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;#assign getprefix=&quot;is&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;#assign getprefix=&quot;get&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    public \${field.propertyType} \${getprefix}\${field.capitalName}() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        return \${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    public \${entity} set\${field.capitalName}(\${field.propertyType} \${field.propertyName}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    public void set\${field.capitalName}(\${field.propertyType} \${field.propertyName}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        this.\${field.propertyName} = \${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        return this;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if entityColumnConstant&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    public static final String \${field.name?upper_case} = &quot;\${field.name}&quot;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if activeRecord&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    protected Serializable pkVal() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if keyPropertyName??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        return this.\${keyPropertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        return null;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if !entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    public String toString() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        return &quot;\${entity}{&quot; +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#if field_index==0&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &quot;\${field.propertyName}=&quot; + \${field.propertyName} +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &quot;, \${field.propertyName}=&quot; + \${field.propertyName} +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &quot;}&quot;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="story-controller-java-ftl" tabindex="-1">story-controller.java.ftl <a class="header-anchor" href="#story-controller-java-ftl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;story-controller.java.ftl&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">package \${package.Controller};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import \${package.Service}.\${table.serviceName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if restControllerStyle&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if superControllerClassPackage??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import \${superControllerClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * \${table.comment!} 前端控制器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @author \${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @since \${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Tag(name = &quot;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if restControllerStyle&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Controller</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@RequestMapping(&quot;&lt;#if package.ModuleName?? </span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> package.ModuleName != &quot;&quot;&gt;/\${package.ModuleName}&lt;/#if&gt;/&lt;#if controllerMappingHyphenStyle??&gt;\${controllerMappingHyphen}&lt;#else&gt;\${table.entityPath}&lt;/#if&gt;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if kotlin&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">class \${table.controllerName}&lt;#if superControllerClass??&gt; : \${superControllerClass}()&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if superControllerClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class \${table.controllerName} extends \${superControllerClass} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class \${table.controllerName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    private final \${table.serviceName} \${table.serviceName?uncap_first};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">package \${package.Controller};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import \${package.Service}.\${table.serviceName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if restControllerStyle&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if superControllerClassPackage??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import \${superControllerClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * \${table.comment!} 前端控制器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @author \${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @since \${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Tag(name = &quot;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if restControllerStyle&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Controller</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@RequestMapping(&quot;&lt;#if package.ModuleName?? </span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> package.ModuleName != &quot;&quot;&gt;/\${package.ModuleName}&lt;/#if&gt;/&lt;#if controllerMappingHyphenStyle??&gt;\${controllerMappingHyphen}&lt;#else&gt;\${table.entityPath}&lt;/#if&gt;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if kotlin&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">class \${table.controllerName}&lt;#if superControllerClass??&gt; : \${superControllerClass}()&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if superControllerClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class \${table.controllerName} extends \${superControllerClass} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class \${table.controllerName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    private final \${table.serviceName} \${table.serviceName?uncap_first};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="story-serviceimpl-java-ftl" tabindex="-1">story-serviceImpl.java.ftl <a class="header-anchor" href="#story-serviceimpl-java-ftl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;story-serviceImpl.java.ftl&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">package \${package.ServiceImpl};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import \${package.Entity}.\${entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import \${package.Mapper}.\${table.mapperName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import \${package.Service}.\${table.serviceName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import \${superServiceImplClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * \${table.comment!} 服务实现类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @author \${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @since \${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if kotlin&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">open class \${table.serviceImplName} : \${superServiceImplClass}&lt;\${table.mapperName}, \${entity}&gt;(), \${table.serviceName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class \${table.serviceImplName} extends \${superServiceImplClass}&lt;\${table.mapperName}, \${entity}&gt; implements \${table.serviceName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">package \${package.ServiceImpl};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import \${package.Entity}.\${entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import \${package.Mapper}.\${table.mapperName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import \${package.Service}.\${table.serviceName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import \${superServiceImplClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * \${table.comment!} 服务实现类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @author \${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @since \${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if kotlin&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">open class \${table.serviceImplName} : \${superServiceImplClass}&lt;\${table.mapperName}, \${entity}&gt;(), \${table.serviceName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class \${table.serviceImplName} extends \${superServiceImplClass}&lt;\${table.mapperName}, \${entity}&gt; implements \${table.serviceName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="story-mapper-java-ftl" tabindex="-1">story-mapper.java.ftl <a class="header-anchor" href="#story-mapper-java-ftl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;story-mapper.java.ftl&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \${</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">apper};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \${</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.Entity}.\${entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \${superMapperClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * &lt;p&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * \${table.comment!} Mapper 接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * &lt;/p&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> \${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@since</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> \${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">#</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kotlin</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{table.mapperName} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \${superMapperClass}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">\${entity}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">#</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Mapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{table.mapperName} extends \${superMapperClass}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">\${entity}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">#</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \${</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">apper};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \${</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.Entity}.\${entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \${superMapperClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * &lt;p&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * \${table.comment!} Mapper 接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * &lt;/p&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> \${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@since</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> \${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">#</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kotlin</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{table.mapperName} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \${superMapperClass}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">\${entity}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">#</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Mapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{table.mapperName} extends \${superMapperClass}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">\${entity}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">#</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div>`,13),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,u){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const m=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_framework_\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211MybatisPlusGenerator.md.fbd32499.lean.js" "b/assets/java_framework_\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211MybatisPlusGenerator.md.fbd32499.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2f5f0178
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_framework_\350\207\252\345\256\232\344\271\211MybatisPlusGenerator.md.fbd32499.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"自定义MybatisPlusGenerator","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/framework/自定义MybatisPlusGenerator.md","filePath":"java/framework/自定义MybatisPlusGenerator.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/framework/自定义MybatisPlusGenerator.md"},o=l("",13),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,u){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const m=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git a/assets/java_index.md.8da16d58.js b/assets/java_index.md.8da16d58.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..527b3fc75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/java_index.md.8da16d58.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as t,c as l,k as a,a as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Java","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/index.md","filePath":"java/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),s={name:"java/index.md"},i=a("h1",{id:"java",tabindex:"-1"},[n("Java "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#java","aria-label":'Permalink to "Java"'},"​")],-1),o=a("ul",null,[a("li",null,"基础"),a("li",null,"框架"),a("li",null,"中间件"),a("li",null,"数据库"),a("li",null,"开发工具"),a("li",null,"其他")],-1),r=[i,o];function d(c,_,u,p,h,m){return t(),l("div",null,r)}const x=e(s,[["render",d]]);export{f as __pageData,x as default};
diff --git a/assets/java_index.md.8da16d58.lean.js b/assets/java_index.md.8da16d58.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..527b3fc75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/java_index.md.8da16d58.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as t,c as l,k as a,a as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Java","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/index.md","filePath":"java/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),s={name:"java/index.md"},i=a("h1",{id:"java",tabindex:"-1"},[n("Java "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#java","aria-label":'Permalink to "Java"'},"​")],-1),o=a("ul",null,[a("li",null,"基础"),a("li",null,"框架"),a("li",null,"中间件"),a("li",null,"数据库"),a("li",null,"开发工具"),a("li",null,"其他")],-1),r=[i,o];function d(c,_,u,p,h,m){return t(),l("div",null,r)}const x=e(s,[["render",d]]);export{f as __pageData,x as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_kafka\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.8714a6ca.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_kafka\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.8714a6ca.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41a9cebdc
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_middleware_kafka\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.8714a6ca.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as r,Q as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"kafka学习记录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/kafka学习记录.md","filePath":"java/middleware/kafka学习记录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"java/middleware/kafka学习记录.md"},i=t('<h1 id="kafka学习记录" tabindex="-1">kafka学习记录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka学习记录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka学习记录&quot;">​</a></h1><p>新公司用的消息中间件是kafka,此前没有接触过,先大致了解下内容,后续再补充</p><h2 id="kafka简介" tabindex="-1">kafka简介 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka简介" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka简介&quot;">​</a></h2><p>​ Kafka is a distributed,partitioned,replicated commit logservice。</p><p>Apache Kafka 是一个分布式发布 - 订阅消息系统和一个强大的队列，可以处理大量的数据，并使你能够将消息从一个端点传递到另一个端点。 Kafka 适合离线和在线消息消费。 Kafka 消息保留在磁盘上，并在群集内复制以防止数据丢失。 Kafka 构建在 ZooKeeper 同步服务之上。 它与 Apache Storm 和 Spark 非常好地集成，用于实时流式数据分析。</p><p>Kafka 是一个分布式消息队列，具有高性能、持久化、多副本备份、横向扩展能力。生产者往队列里写消息，消费者从队列里取消息进行业务逻辑。一般在架构设计中起到解耦、削峰、异步处理的作用。</p><p>相关术语:</p><ul><li><p>broker:kafka集群中的每一台server称为一个kafka实例,也叫broker</p></li><li><p>topic:主题,一个topic中保存同一类消息,相当于对消息的分类</p></li><li><p>partition:分区,每个topic都可以分成多个partition,每个partition的存储层面都是append log文件.任何发布到该partition的消息都会被追加到log文件尾部.</p><blockquote><p>分区的根本原因:kafka基于文件进行存储,当文件内容达到一定程度很容易达到单个磁盘的上限,因此采取分区的办法,一个分区对应一个文件,这样就可以将数据分别存储到不同server上,另外也可以负载均衡,容纳更多消费者</p></blockquote></li><li><p>offset:偏移量,一个分区对应一个磁盘上的文件,而消息在文件中的位置就是offset偏移量,offset为一个long型数字,可以唯一标记一条消息,kafka没有提供其他额外的索引机制来存储offset,所以只能顺序读写,在kafka中几乎不允许对消息进行&quot;随机读写&quot;</p></li></ul><p>总结:</p><ul><li>kafka是一个基于发布-订阅模型的分布式消息系统(消息队列)</li><li>kafka面向大数据,消息保存在topic中,每个topic有多个partition</li><li>kafka的消息数据保存在磁盘,每个partition对应磁盘上的一个文件,消息写入就是在append log文件尾部追加内容,文件可以在集群内备份以防丢失</li><li>即使消息被消费,kafka也不会立即删除消息,可以通过配置使得过一段时间后自动删除以释放磁盘空间</li><li>kafka依赖分布式协调服务zookeeper,适合离线/在线消息的消费</li></ul><h2 id="基本原理" tabindex="-1">基本原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本原理&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1、分布式和分区-distributed、partitioned" tabindex="-1">1、分布式和分区（distributed、partitioned） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1、分布式和分区-distributed、partitioned" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1、分布式和分区（distributed、partitioned）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>一个topic对应的多个partition分散存储到集群的多个broker上,存储方式是一个partition对应一个文件,每个broker负责存储在自己机器上的partition中的消息读写</p><h3 id="_2、副本-replicated" tabindex="-1">2、副本（replicated） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2、副本-replicated" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2、副本（replicated）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>kafka可以配置partitions需要备份的个数(replicas),每个partition将会备份到多台机器上,以提高可用性.既然有副本,就涉及到对同一个文件的多个备份如何进行管理调度,kafka的方案是每个partition选举一个server作为leader,由leader负责所有对该分区的读写,其他server作为follower只需要简单的与leader同步,如果原来的leader失效,会重新选举由其他的follower来成为新的leader</p><p>如何选举leader:kafka使用zookeeper在broker中选出一个controller,用于partition的分配和leader选举</p><p>另外,作为leader的server承担了该分区所有的读写,所以压力较大,从整体考虑,有多少个partition就有多少个leader,kafka会将leader分散到不同的broker上,确保整体负载均衡</p><h3 id="_3、整体数据流程" tabindex="-1">3、整体数据流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3、整体数据流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3、整体数据流程&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//0baa25b0ca394eb68370a5056577f320.jpg" alt="202009161733104250.jpg"></p><h4 id="_1-数据生产过程-producer" tabindex="-1">1）数据生产过程（producer） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-数据生产过程-producer" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1）数据生产过程（producer）&quot;">​</a></h4><p>生产者写入的消息，可以指定四个参数：topic、partition、key、value其中topic和value是必须指定的，key和partition是可选的。</p><p>对于一条记录，先对其进行序列化，然后按照topic和partition，放进对应的发送队列中。如果partition没有指定，那么情况如下：a、Key有填，按照key进行hash，相同的key去一个partition</p><p>b、key没填，round-robin轮询来选partition <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//14c59ff6e49b4a25be834e28e97aec79.png" alt="202009161733117119.png"></p><p>producer会和topic下的所有partition leader保持socket连接，消息经过producer直接通过socket发送至broker。其中partition leader的位置（host：port）注册在zookeeper中，producer作为zookeeper客户端已经注册了watch监听partition leader的变更事件，因此可以准确的知道谁是当前leader。</p><p>producer端采用异步发送，多条消息暂且在客户端buffer起来，并将他们批量发送到broker，小数据IO太多，会拖慢整体的网络延迟，批量延迟发送事实上提升了网络效率</p><h3 id="_2-数据消费过程-consumer" tabindex="-1">2）数据消费过程（consumer） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-数据消费过程-consumer" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2）数据消费过程（consumer）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>消费者不是以单独形式存在，每一个消费者属于一个consumer group消费者组，一个group包含多个consumer。订阅topic是以一个消费组来订阅的，发送到topic的消息，只会被订阅此topic的每个group中的consumer消费。</p><p>如果所有的consumer都具有相同group，那么就像一个点对点的消息系统，如果每个consumer都具有不同的group，那消息就会广播给所有消费者。</p><p>具体说来，这实际上是根据partition来分的，==一个partition只能被消费组里的一个消费者消费，但是可以被多个消费组消费==，消费组里的每个消费者是关联到一个partition的，因此有这样的说法：对于一个topic,同一个group中不能有多于partitions个数的consumer同时消费,否则意味着某些消费者无法得到消息</p><p>同一个消费组的两个消费者不会同时消费一个partition.</p><p>在kafka中,采用了pull的方式，即consumer和broker建立连接之后，主动去pull（或者说fetch）消息，首先consumer端可以根据自己的消费能力适时去fetch消息并处理，且可以控制消息消费的进度（offset）。</p><p>partition中的消息只有一个consumer在消费，且不存在消息状态的控制，也没有复杂的消息确认机制，所以kafka的broker端很轻量级。当消息被consumer接受之后，需要保存offset记录消费到哪，以前保存在zk中，由于zk的性能瓶颈，以前的解决方案是consumer一分钟上报一次，在0.10版本后kafka把offset保存，从zk中剥离，保存在consumeroffsets topic的topic中，由此可见，consumer客户端也很轻量级</p><h4 id="_4、消息传送机制" tabindex="-1">4、消息传送机制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4、消息传送机制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4、消息传送机制&quot;">​</a></h4><p>kafka支持三种消息投递语义，在业务中通常使用At least once模型</p><ul><li>At most once：最多一次，消息可能丢失，不会重复</li><li>At least once：最少一次，消息不会丢失，可能重复</li><li>Exactly once：只且一次，消息不丢失不重复，且只消费一次。</li></ul><h2 id="集群架构" tabindex="-1">集群架构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#集群架构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;集群架构&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//4dd59c664ee545948186e2adf332a2be.png" alt="20190805220416350.png"><img src="http://io.storyxc.com/storyxc/1ebece4a4f0c48e8ab3b66a09bd9b9ab.jpg" alt="cluster_architecture.jpg"></p>',37),p=[i];function l(c,n,k,s,d,f){return e(),r("div",null,p)}const b=a(o,[["render",l]]);export{h as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_kafka\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.8714a6ca.lean.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_kafka\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.8714a6ca.lean.js"
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+import{_ as a,o as e,c as r,Q as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"kafka学习记录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/kafka学习记录.md","filePath":"java/middleware/kafka学习记录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"java/middleware/kafka学习记录.md"},i=t("",37),p=[i];function l(c,n,k,s,d,f){return e(),r("div",null,p)}const b=a(o,[["render",l]]);export{h as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_kafka\345\270\270\347\224\250\345\221\275\344\273\244\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.936d115e.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_kafka\345\270\270\347\224\250\345\221\275\344\273\244\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.936d115e.js"
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+import{_ as a,o as e,c as o,Q as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"kafka常用命令记录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/kafka常用命令记录.md","filePath":"java/middleware/kafka常用命令记录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),r={name:"java/middleware/kafka常用命令记录.md"},c=t('<h1 id="kafka常用命令记录" tabindex="-1">kafka常用命令记录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka常用命令记录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka常用命令记录&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>环境信息：MacOS 13.4.1</p><p>Kafka版本：Homebrew Kafka_3.4.0</p></blockquote><h2 id="topic" tabindex="-1">topic <a class="header-anchor" href="#topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;topic&quot;">​</a></h2><h5 id="新建topic" tabindex="-1">新建topic <a class="header-anchor" href="#新建topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新建topic&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-topics --create --topic topic-name --partitions 4 --replication-factor 2 --bootstrap-server localhost:9092</code></p><h5 id="查看所有topic" tabindex="-1">查看所有topic <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看所有topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看所有topic&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-topics --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --list</code></p><h5 id="查看topic信息" tabindex="-1">查看topic信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看topic信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看topic信息&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-topics --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --describe --topic topic-name</code></p><h5 id="修改topic分区数" tabindex="-1">修改topic分区数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改topic分区数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改topic分区数&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-topics --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --alter --partitions 2 --topic topic-name</code></p><h5 id="删除topic" tabindex="-1">删除topic <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除topic&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-topics --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --delete --topic topic-name</code></p><h2 id="消费者组" tabindex="-1">消费者组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费者组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费者组&quot;">​</a></h2><h5 id="查看所有消费者组" tabindex="-1">查看所有消费者组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看所有消费者组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看所有消费者组&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-consumer-groups --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --list</code></p><h5 id="查看消费者组详情" tabindex="-1">查看消费者组详情 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看消费者组详情" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看消费者组详情&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-consumer-groups --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --describe --group topic-name</code></p><h5 id="查看消费者组里具体成员" tabindex="-1">查看消费者组里具体成员 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看消费者组里具体成员" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看消费者组里具体成员&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-consumer-groups --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --describe --members --group topic-name</code></p><h2 id="消费者console" tabindex="-1">消费者console <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费者console" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费者console&quot;">​</a></h2><h5 id="查看topic中的所有消息" tabindex="-1">查看topic中的所有消息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看topic中的所有消息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看topic中的所有消息&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-console-consumer --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic topic-name --from-beginning</code></p><h5 id="指定分区、offset的消息" tabindex="-1">指定分区、offset的消息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指定分区、offset的消息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指定分区、offset的消息&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-console-consumer --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic topic-name --partition 0 --offset 1</code></p>',25),i=[c];function s(p,d,n,l,h,k){return e(),o("div",null,i)}const u=a(r,[["render",s]]);export{b as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_kafka\345\270\270\347\224\250\345\221\275\344\273\244\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.936d115e.lean.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_kafka\345\270\270\347\224\250\345\221\275\344\273\244\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.936d115e.lean.js"
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+import{_ as a,o as e,c as o,Q as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"kafka常用命令记录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/kafka常用命令记录.md","filePath":"java/middleware/kafka常用命令记录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),r={name:"java/middleware/kafka常用命令记录.md"},c=t("",25),i=[c];function s(p,d,n,l,h,k){return e(),o("div",null,i)}const u=a(r,[["render",s]]);export{b as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_kakfa\345\256\236\350\267\265.md.20297dd6.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_kakfa\345\256\236\350\267\265.md.20297dd6.js"
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+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"kafka实践","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/kakfa实践.md","filePath":"java/middleware/kakfa实践.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/middleware/kakfa实践.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="kafka实践" tabindex="-1">kafka实践 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka实践" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka实践&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="下载" tabindex="-1">下载 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载&quot;">​</a></h2><p>官方地址:<a href="https://kafka.apache.org/downloads.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://kafka.apache.org/downloads.html</a></p><p>linux下载<code>wget https://mirror-hk.koddos.net/apache/kafka/2.8.0/kafka_2.13-2.8.0.tgz</code></p><h2 id="kafka入门介绍" tabindex="-1">kafka入门介绍 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka入门介绍" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka入门介绍&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="kafka作为一个分布式流平台-意味着什么" tabindex="-1">kafka作为一个分布式流平台，意味着什么 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka作为一个分布式流平台-意味着什么" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka作为一个分布式流平台，意味着什么&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>发布和订阅消息（流），在这方面它类似一个消息队列</li><li>以容错（故障转移）的方式存储消息（流）</li><li>在消息流发生时处理它们</li></ul><h3 id="kafka的优势" tabindex="-1">kafka的优势 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka的优势" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka的优势&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>构建实时的数据管道，可靠的获取系统和应用程序间的数据</li><li>构建实时流的应用程序，对数据流进行转换或反应</li></ul><h3 id="kafka的几个概念" tabindex="-1">kafka的几个概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka的几个概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka的几个概念&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>kafka作为集群运行在一个或多个服务器上</li><li>kafka集群存储的消息是以topic为类别记录的</li><li>每个消息由一个key，一个value和时间戳构成</li></ul><h3 id="kafka四个核心api" tabindex="-1">kafka四个核心API <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka四个核心api" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka四个核心API&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Product API：发布消息到一个或多个topic中</li><li>Consumer API：订阅一个或多个topic，并处理产生的消息</li><li>Streams API：充当一个流处理器 ，从一个或多个topic消费输入流，并产生一个输出流到一个或多个输出topic，有效地将输入流转换到输出流</li><li>Connector API：可构建或运行可重用的生产者或消费者，将topic连接到现有的应用程序或数据系统。例如连接到关系型数据库的连接器可以捕捉表的每个变更</li></ul><h2 id="快速启动kafka" tabindex="-1">快速启动kafka <a class="header-anchor" href="#快速启动kafka" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;快速启动kafka&quot;">​</a></h2><p>官方文档:<a href="http://kafka.apache.org/quickstart" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://kafka.apache.org/quickstart</a></p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>强烈建议新学习一项新内容的时候尽量阅读英文原版文档</p></div><h3 id="启动kafka需要的运行环境" tabindex="-1">启动kafka需要的运行环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动kafka需要的运行环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动kafka需要的运行环境&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用kafka自带的zookeeper启动</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">tar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-xzf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka_2.13-2.8.0.tgz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka_2.13-2.8.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config/zookeeper.properties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#后台启动</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-xzf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka_2.13-2.8.0.tgz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka_2.13-2.8.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config/zookeeper.properties</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#后台启动</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>在kafka0.5x版本后已经自带了zookeeper, 而在最新的kafka2.8版本中,不再需要zookeeper服务,官网把这种称之为KRaft模式</p></blockquote><h3 id="打开另一个命令终端启动kafka服务" tabindex="-1">打开另一个命令终端启动kafka服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#打开另一个命令终端启动kafka服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;打开另一个命令终端启动kafka服务&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bin/kafka-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config/server.properties</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bin/kafka-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config/server.properties</span></span></code></pre></div><p>等所有服务等启动完毕,kafka就已经是可用的了</p><h3 id="创建一个主题-topic" tabindex="-1">创建一个主题(topic) <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建一个主题-topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建一个主题(topic)&quot;">​</a></h3><p>创建一个名为quickstart-events的topic,只有一个分区和一个备份</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bin/kafka-topics.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost:9092</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--replication-factor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--partitions</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--topic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">quickstart-events</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">查看已创建的topic信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">​</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`\`\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[root@localhost kafka_2.13-2.8.0]</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --topic quickstart-events --bootstrap-server localhost:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">Topic: quickstart-events        TopicId: iOM06pJVQV-y_A6QkmfeHw PartitionCount: 1       ReplicationFactor: 1  Configs: segment.bytes=1073741824</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        Topic: quickstart-events        Partition: 0    Leader: 0       Replicas: 0     Isr: 0</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bin/kafka-topics.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--create</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost:9092</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--replication-factor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--partitions</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--topic</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">quickstart-events</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">查看已创建的topic信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">​</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`\`\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[root@localhost kafka_2.13-2.8.0]</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --topic quickstart-events --bootstrap-server localhost:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">Topic: quickstart-events        TopicId: iOM06pJVQV-y_A6QkmfeHw PartitionCount: 1       ReplicationFactor: 1  Configs: segment.bytes=1073741824</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        Topic: quickstart-events        Partition: 0    Leader: 0       Replicas: 0     Isr: 0</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="发送消息到topic" tabindex="-1">发送消息到Topic <a class="header-anchor" href="#发送消息到topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;发送消息到Topic&quot;">​</a></h3><p>kafka提供了一个命令行工具,可以从输入文件或命令行中读取消息并发送给kafka集群,每一行是一条消息.运行<code>producer(生产者)</code>,然后再控制台输入几条消息到服务器</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bin/kafka-console-producer.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--topic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">quickstart-events</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost:9092</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bin/kafka-console-producer.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--topic</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">quickstart-events</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost:9092</span></span></code></pre></div><p>输入此命令后进入交互模式,便可以开始发送消息到topic</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hello world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">this is first kafka message</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">hello world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">this is first kafka message</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以使用<code>Ctrl+C</code>退出交互模式</p><h3 id="消费topic中的消息" tabindex="-1">消费Topic中的消息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费topic中的消息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费Topic中的消息&quot;">​</a></h3><p>打开另外一个终端窗口运行命令</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--topic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">quickstart-events</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--from-beginning</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost:9092</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--topic</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">quickstart-events</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--from-beginning</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost:9092</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到输出了刚才我们通过生产者终端发送的消息</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hello</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">first</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hello</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">first</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span></span></code></pre></div><p>此时如果我们再在生产者终端发送消息,消费者终端也能实时进行消费,同样可以使用<code>Ctrl+C</code>退出消费者的交互模式,消息会被持久化到kafka中,所以消息可以被消费多次以及被多个消费者消费,比如我们再打开一个窗口,执行消费的命令</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[root@localhost kafka_2.13-2.8.0]# bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --topic quickstart-events --from-beginning --bootstrap-server localhost:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hello</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">first</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">可以看到,新的消费者又消费到了刚才的消息</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[root@localhost kafka_2.13-2.8.0]# bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --topic quickstart-events --from-beginning --bootstrap-server localhost:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hello</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">first</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">可以看到,新的消费者又消费到了刚才的消息</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="kafka的java客户端" tabindex="-1">Kafka的Java客户端 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka的java客户端" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Kafka的Java客户端&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="依赖" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.apache.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;kafka-streams&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scope</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scope</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-kafka-test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scope</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scope</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.apache.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;kafka-streams&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">scope</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">scope</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-kafka-test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">scope</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">scope</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="修改kafka配置" tabindex="-1">修改kafka配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改kafka配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改kafka配置&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">修改config/server.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">listeners</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">advertised.listeners</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=PLAINTEXT://192.168.174.130:9092</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">修改config/server.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">listeners</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">advertised.listeners</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=PLAINTEXT://192.168.174.130:9092</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="开放虚拟机端口9092" tabindex="-1">开放虚拟机端口9092 <a class="header-anchor" href="#开放虚拟机端口9092" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;开放虚拟机端口9092&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9092/tcp --permanent</code></p><p><code>firewall-cmd --reload</code></p><h3 id="生产者" tabindex="-1">生产者 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生产者" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生产者&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 23:58</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KafkaProducerTests</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">kafkaProducerTest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Properties properties </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Properties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bootstrap.servers&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.174.130:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;acks&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;all&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;retries&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;batch.size&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16384</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;linger.ms&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;buffer.memory&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">33554432</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;key.serializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;value.serializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        KafkaProducer&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; producer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> KafkaProducer&lt;&gt;(properties);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            producer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ProducerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Kafka message &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;发送了消息&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        producer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 23:58</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KafkaProducerTests</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">kafkaProducerTest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Properties properties </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Properties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bootstrap.servers&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.174.130:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;acks&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;all&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;retries&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;batch.size&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16384</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;linger.ms&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;buffer.memory&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">33554432</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;key.serializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;value.serializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        KafkaProducer&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; producer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> KafkaProducer&lt;&gt;(properties);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            producer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ProducerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Kafka message &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;发送了消息&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        producer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p><code>send()</code>方法是异步的,添加消息到缓冲区等待发送并立即return,生产者会将单个消息批量在一起进行发送</p></li><li><p><code>ack</code>是判断是否发送成功的,<code>all</code>将会阻塞消息,这种性能是最低的,但是是最可靠的</p></li><li><p><code>retries</code>,如果请求失败,生产者会自动重试,如果启用重试,可能会产生重复消息</p></li><li><p>producer缓存每个分区未发送的消息,缓存的大小通过<code>batch.size</code>配置指定,数值较大会产生更大的批次并需要更大的内存</p><p>默认缓冲可立即发送,即使缓存空间没有满,但是如果想减少请求的数量,可设置<code>linger.ms</code>大于0,这将让生产者在发送请求前等待一会儿,希望更多的消息来填补到缓冲区中</p></li><li><p><code>buffer.memory</code>控制生产者可用的缓存总量,如果消息发送速度比其传输到服务器的快,将会耗尽缓存空间,当缓存空间耗尽时,其他发送调用将会被阻塞,阻塞实践的阈值通过<code>max.block.ms</code>设定,之后它将抛出一个TimeoutException</p></li><li><p><code>key.serializer</code>和<code>value.serializer</code>将用户提供的key和value对象ProducerRecord转换成字节,可以使用附带 的<strong>ByteArraySerializer</strong>或<strong>StringSeriializer</strong>处理byte或string类型</p></li></ul><h3 id="消费者" tabindex="-1">消费者 <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费者" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费者&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 23:59</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KafkaConsumerTests</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">kafkaConsumerTest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Properties props </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Properties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bootstrap.servers&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.174.130:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;group.id&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;enable.auto.commit&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;auto.commit.interval.ms&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;key.deserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;value.deserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        KafkaConsumer&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; consumer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> KafkaConsumer&lt;&gt;(props);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        consumer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">subscribe</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Collections.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">singletonList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ConsumerRecords&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; records </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> consumer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">poll</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Duration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ofMillis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ConsumerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; record </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> records)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 23:59</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KafkaConsumerTests</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">kafkaConsumerTest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Properties props </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Properties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bootstrap.servers&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.174.130:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;group.id&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;enable.auto.commit&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;auto.commit.interval.ms&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;key.deserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;value.deserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        KafkaConsumer&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; consumer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> KafkaConsumer&lt;&gt;(props);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        consumer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">subscribe</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Collections.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">singletonList</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ConsumerRecords&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; records </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> consumer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">poll</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Duration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ofMillis</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ConsumerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; record </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> records)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>enable.auto.commit</code>自动提交偏移量,<code>auto.commit.interval.ms</code>控制提交的频率</li><li>客户端订阅了名为<code>test</code>的topic,消费者组叫test</li><li>broker通过心跳检测test消费组中的进程,消费者会自动ping集群,告诉集群他还活着,只要消费者停止心跳的时间超过了<code>session.timeout.ms</code>就会被认定为故障,它的分区将会被分配到别的进程</li></ul><h3 id="启动" tabindex="-1">启动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动&quot;">​</a></h3><p>先启动消费者,后启动生产者,可以看到消费者的终端输出了</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">502</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">503</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">504</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">505</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">506</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">507</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">508</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">509</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">510</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">511</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">512</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">513</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">514</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">515</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">13</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">13</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">516</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">14</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">517</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">518</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">519</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">17</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">17</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">520</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">521</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">19</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">19</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">522</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">......</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">502</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">503</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">504</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">505</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">506</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">507</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">508</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">509</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">510</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">511</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">512</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">513</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">514</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">515</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">13</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">13</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">516</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">14</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">517</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">518</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">519</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">17</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">17</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">520</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">521</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">19</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">19</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">522</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">......</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="springboot集成kafka" tabindex="-1">springboot集成kafka <a class="header-anchor" href="#springboot集成kafka" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;springboot集成kafka&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="依赖-1" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="生产者-1" tabindex="-1">生产者 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生产者-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生产者&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 21:49</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequestMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KafkaDemoProducer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">GetMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/send/{msg}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sendMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">PathVariable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">msg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ListenableFuture send </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kafkaTemplate.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;springboot-kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;测试发送:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> msg </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> System.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">currentTimeMillis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(send);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;发送成功&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 21:49</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequestMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KafkaDemoProducer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">GetMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/send/{msg}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sendMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PathVariable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">msg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ListenableFuture send </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kafkaTemplate.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;springboot-kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;测试发送:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> msg </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> System.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">currentTimeMillis</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(send);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;发送成功&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="消费者-1" tabindex="-1">消费者 <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费者-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费者&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/15 23:55</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KafkaDemoConsumer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">KafkaListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">topics</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;springboot-kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onReceive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ConsumerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接收消息:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">topic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">partition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/15 23:55</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KafkaDemoConsumer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">KafkaListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">topics</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;springboot-kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onReceive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ConsumerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;接收消息:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">topic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">partition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="测试" tabindex="-1">测试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#测试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;测试&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>启动应用</p></li><li><p>发送消息</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210516155645928.png" alt=""></p></li><li><p>日志</p></li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INFO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10808</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">---</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Kafka version: 2.6.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INFO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10808</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">---</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Kafka commitId: 62abe01bee039651</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INFO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10808</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">---</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Kafka startTimeMs: 1621151778430</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:56:18.435</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INFO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10808</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">---</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ad </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">producer-1]</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">org.apache.kafka.clients.Metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [Producer </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">clientId=producer-1]</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cluster</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ID:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">t54vUJ_qTWm-o8WmD-dfag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">org.springframework.util.concurrent.SettableListenableFuture@2a59dc33</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">接收消息:springboot-kafka-0-测试发送:hello-1621151778418</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INFO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10808</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">---</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Kafka version: 2.6.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INFO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10808</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">---</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Kafka commitId: 62abe01bee039651</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INFO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10808</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">---</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Kafka startTimeMs: 1621151778430</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:56:18.435</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INFO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10808</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">---</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ad </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">producer-1]</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">org.apache.kafka.clients.Metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [Producer </span><span style="color:#032F62;">clientId=producer-1]</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Cluster</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ID:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">t54vUJ_qTWm-o8WmD-dfag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">org.springframework.util.concurrent.SettableListenableFuture@2a59dc33</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">接收消息:springboot-kafka-0-测试发送:hello-1621151778418</span></span></code></pre></div>`,66),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,F,i){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_kakfa\345\256\236\350\267\265.md.20297dd6.lean.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_kakfa\345\256\236\350\267\265.md.20297dd6.lean.js"
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+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"kafka实践","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/kakfa实践.md","filePath":"java/middleware/kakfa实践.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/middleware/kakfa实践.md"},o=l("",66),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,F,i){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_kakfa\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\266\210\350\264\271\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.e9f3d3de.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_kakfa\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\266\210\350\264\271\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.e9f3d3de.js"
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+++ "b/assets/java_middleware_kakfa\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\266\210\350\264\271\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.e9f3d3de.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as o,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"kafka重复消费问题处理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/kakfa重复消费问题处理.md","filePath":"java/middleware/kakfa重复消费问题处理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),s={name:"java/middleware/kakfa重复消费问题处理.md"},t=l('<h1 id="kafka重复消费问题处理" tabindex="-1">kafka重复消费问题处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka重复消费问题处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka重复消费问题处理&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>最近在支援开发公司的财务对账系统，其中涉及一个功能点是某个对账单创建开票申请后，需要更新对账单的开票申请状态（未申请，部分申请，全部申请），这里使用了kafka,当创建开票申请后生产者即发送一条消息，消费者再去进行消费。</p><p>然后就碰到个问题，生产者这里是有事务的，因此会出现事务还没提交，开票申请数据还没有写入到数据库中，但是消息已经发送到kafka了，此时消费者直接消费消息时是查询不到这批开票申请数据的，就会出现创建开票申请业务实际成功了，但是对账单的开票申请状态仍为未申请。所以用了一个笨方法解决这个问题，在消费者线程中<code>sleep(5000)</code>，来确保消费到消息时生产者的事务已经提交。</p><p>在测试环境测试少量账单&amp;开票申请数据时是完全没有问题的，但是上了生产之后会有批量的账单数据推送过来，创建了大量的开票申请。这时候就发现异常情况了：消息队列中堆积了大量的消息，虽然日志一直还在正常跑，但是offset一直没变，并且过一段时间还会重复消费已经跑过日志的消息。</p><h2 id="重复消费的原因" tabindex="-1">重复消费的原因 <a class="header-anchor" href="#重复消费的原因" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重复消费的原因&quot;">​</a></h2><p>消费重复消费的根本原因都是：已经消费了数据，但是offset并没有提交。</p><p>网上找到的资料里有一段这么写的：</p><blockquote><p><strong>kafka消息重复消费很大一部分原因在于发生了再均衡。</strong></p><p>1）消费者宕机、重启等。导致消息已经消费但是没有提交offset。</p><p>2）消费者使用自动提交offset，但当还没有提交的时候，有新的消费者加入或者移除，发生了rebalance。再次消费的时候，消费者会根据提交的偏移量来，于是重复消费了数据。</p><p>3）消息处理耗时，或者消费者拉取的消息量太多，处理耗时，超过了max.poll.interval.ms的配置时间，导致认为当前消费者已经死掉，触发再均衡。</p></blockquote><p>日志：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">This member will leave the group because consumer poll timeout has expired. This means the time between subsequent calls to poll() was longer than the configured max.poll.interval.ms, which typically implies that the poll loop is spending too much time processing messages. You can address this either by increasing max.poll.interval.ms or by reducing the maximum size of batches returned in poll() with max.poll.records.</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">This member will leave the group because consumer poll timeout has expired. This means the time between subsequent calls to poll() was longer than the configured max.poll.interval.ms, which typically implies that the poll loop is spending too much time processing messages. You can address this either by increasing max.poll.interval.ms or by reducing the maximum size of batches returned in poll() with max.poll.records.</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里我碰到的情况就是第三种，因为消费者consumer每次拉取的消息较多，且有线程<code>sleep</code>的操作，所以导致处理超时了，超过<code>max.poll.interval.ms</code>的时间就会触发<code>rebalance</code>,然后就会重新分配消费者再次消费上次拉取的那批数据，这就是重复消费的原因。</p><h2 id="处理方案" tabindex="-1">处理方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#处理方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;处理方案&quot;">​</a></h2><p>了解了超时的原因，就好解决了，根据日志中的提示，我们可以调整<code>max.poll.interval.ms</code>和<code>max.poll.records</code>两个参数</p><ol><li>增加<code>max.poll.interval.ms</code>的值，默认值为300000,单位是ms，即5分钟，可以调整为10分钟</li><li>减少<code>max.poll.records</code>的值，默认是500，可以调整为100</li><li>减少业务代码中线程休眠的时间</li></ol><p>参考资料：</p><ol><li><a href="https://docs.confluent.io/platform/current/installation/configuration/consumer-configs.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.confluent.io/platform/current/installation/configuration/consumer-configs.html</a></li><li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/yangyongjie/p/14675119.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.cnblogs.com/yangyongjie/p/14675119.html</a></li></ol><blockquote><p><strong>Kafka知识回顾</strong></p><p>1、消费者常见参数</p><p>①：fetch.min.bytes，配置Consumer一次拉取请求中能从Kafka中拉取的最小数据量，默认为1B，如果小于这个参数配置的值，就需要进行等待，直到数据量满足这个参数的配置大小。调大可以提交吞吐量，但也会造成延迟</p><p>②：fetch.max.bytes，一次拉取数据的最大数据量，默认为52428800B，也就是50M，但是如果设置的值过小，甚至小于每条消息的值，实际上也是能消费成功的</p><p>③：fetch.wait.max.ms，若是不满足fetch.min.bytes时，等待消费端请求的最长等待时间，默认是500ms</p><p>④：max.poll.records，单次poll调用返回的最大消息记录数，如果处理逻辑很轻量，可以适当提高该值。一次从kafka中poll出来的数据条数,max.poll.records条数据需要在在session.timeout.ms这个时间内处理完，默认值为500</p><p>⑤：consumer.poll(100) ，100 毫秒是一个超时时间，一旦拿到足够多的数据（fetch.min.bytes 参数设置），consumer.poll(100)会立即返回 ConsumerRecords&lt;String, String&gt; records。如果没有拿到足够多的数据，会阻塞100ms，但不会超过100ms就会返回</p><p>⑥：session. timeout. ms ，默认值是10s，该参数是 Consumer Group 主动检测 (组内成员comsummer)崩溃的时间间隔。若超过这个时间内没有收到心跳报文，则认为此消费者已经下线。将触发再均衡操作</p><p>⑦：max.poll.interval.ms，两次拉取消息的间隔，默认5分钟；通过消费组管理消费者时，该配置指定拉取消息线程最长空闲时间，若超过这个时间间隔没有发起poll操作，则消费组认为该消费者已离开了消费组，将进行再均衡操作（将分区分配给组内其他消费者成员）</p><p>若超过这个时间则报如下异常：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.CommitFailedException: Commit cannot be completed since the group has already rebalanced and assigned the partitions to another member. This means that the time between subsequent calls to poll() was longer than the configured max.poll.interval.ms, which typically implies that the poll loop is spending too much time message processing. You can address this either by increasing the session timeout or by reducing the maximum size of batches returned in poll() with max.poll.records.</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.CommitFailedException: Commit cannot be completed since the group has already rebalanced and assigned the partitions to another member. This means that the time between subsequent calls to poll() was longer than the configured max.poll.interval.ms, which typically implies that the poll loop is spending too much time message processing. You can address this either by increasing the session timeout or by reducing the maximum size of batches returned in poll() with max.poll.records.</span></span></code></pre></div><p>即：无法完成提交，因为组已经重新平衡并将分区分配给另一个成员。这意味着对poll()的后续调用之间的时间比配置的max.poll.interval.ms长，这通常意味着poll循环花费了太多的时间来处理消息。</p><p>可以通过增加max.poll.interval.ms来解决这个问题，也可以通过减少在poll()中使用max.poll.records返回的批的最大大小来解决这个问题</p><p>2、poll机制</p><p>①：每次poll的消息处理完成之后再进行下一次poll，是同步操作</p><p>②：每次poll之前检查是否可以进行位移提交，如果可以，那么就会提交上一次轮询的位移</p><p>③：每次poll时，consumer都将尝试使用上次消费的offset作为起始offset，然后依次拉取消息</p><p>④：poll(long timeout)，timeout指等待轮询缓冲区的数据所花费的时间，单位是毫秒</p><p>3、再均衡 rebalance</p><p>将分区的所有权从一个消费者转移到其他消费者的行为称为再均衡（重平衡，rebalance）。</p><p>消费者通过向组织协调者（kafka broker）发送心跳来维护自己是消费者组的一员并确认其拥有的分区。对于不同不的消费群体来说，其组织协调者可以是不同的。只要消费者定期发送心跳，就会认为 消费者是存活的并处理其分区中的消息。当消费者检索记录或者提交它所消费的记录时就会发送心跳。</p><p>如果过了一段时间Kafka停止发送心跳了，会话（session）就会过期，组织协调者就会认为这个consumer已经死亡，就会触发一次重平衡。如果消费者宕机并且停止发送消息，组织协调者会等待几秒钟，确认它死亡了才会触发重平衡。在这段时间里，死亡的消费者将不处理任何消息。在清理消费者时，消费者将通知协调者它要离开群组，组织协调者会触发一次重平衡，尽量降低处理停顿。</p><p>重平衡是一把双刃剑，它为消费者群组带来高可用性和伸缩性的同时，还有有一些明显的缺点(bug)，而这些 bug 到现在社区还无法修改。也就是说，在重平衡期间，消费者组中的消费者实例都会停止消费（Stop The World），等待重平衡的完成。而且重平衡这个过程很慢。</p><p></p><p>触发再均衡的情况：</p><p>①：有新的消费者加入消费组、或已有消费者主动离开组</p><p>②：消费者超过session时间未发送心跳（已有 consumer 崩溃了）</p><p>③：一次poll()之后的消息处理时间超过了max.poll.interval.ms的配置时间，因为一次poll()处理完才会触发下次poll() （已有 consumer 崩溃了）</p><p>④：订阅主题数发生变更</p><p>⑤：订阅主题的分区数发生变更</p><p><strong>三、重复消费的解决方案</strong></p><p>由于网络问题，重复消费不可避免，因此，消费者需要实现消费幂等。</p><p>方案：</p><p>①：消息表</p><p>②：数据库唯一索引</p><p>③：缓存消费过的消息id</p><p><strong>四、项目kafka重复消费的排查</strong></p><p>重复消费问题1：</p><p>每次拉取的消息记录数max.poll.records为100，poll最大拉取间隔max.poll.interval.ms为 300s，消息处理过于耗时导致时长大于了这个值，导致再均衡发生重复消费</p><p>解决办法：</p><p>①：减少每次拉取的消息记录数和增大poll之间的时间间隔</p><p>②：拉取到消息之后异步处理（保证成功消费）</p></blockquote>',18),p=[t];function i(n,r,c,m,h,d){return a(),o("div",null,p)}const f=e(s,[["render",i]]);export{g as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_kakfa\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\266\210\350\264\271\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.e9f3d3de.lean.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_kakfa\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\266\210\350\264\271\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.e9f3d3de.lean.js"
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diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_\345\205\263\344\272\216\346\266\210\346\201\257\344\270\255\351\227\264\344\273\266MQ.md.ab53b116.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_\345\205\263\344\272\216\346\266\210\346\201\257\344\270\255\351\227\264\344\273\266MQ.md.ab53b116.js"
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+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"关于消息中间件MQ","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/关于消息中间件MQ.md","filePath":"java/middleware/关于消息中间件MQ.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/middleware/关于消息中间件MQ.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="关于消息中间件mq" tabindex="-1">关于消息中间件MQ <a class="header-anchor" href="#关于消息中间件mq" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关于消息中间件MQ&quot;">​</a></h1><p><strong>本文以RabbitMQ为例</strong></p><h2 id="_1-为什么要使用mq" tabindex="-1">1.为什么要使用MQ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-为什么要使用mq" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.为什么要使用MQ&quot;">​</a></h2><p>这个问题也可以理解为MQ的作用,MQ的作用:</p><ul><li>异步:系统A中产生的一个数据,另外的系统BCD都需要对数据进行操作,不引入MQ时可以用A依次调用BCD的接口进行数据处理,这也就会耗费大量的时间,对于前台是无法接受的.如果引入MQ,可以将A系统的数据写入MQ,其他系统分别去消费数据,可以大大节省时间,优化体验</li><li>解耦:如上面所说的,不使用MQ时,需要在A系统的代码里分别调用BCD的接口,如果BCD的服务宕机就会对A系统产生影响,又或者BCD系统如果后期不需要这个数据了,那就要删除A系统中对应的代码,如果要增加E服务处理A的数据,那又要增加相应的E系统的代码,耦合严重.如果引入MQ,系统中不会存在太大影响,就算其他系统宕机,也不会对A产生影响</li><li>削峰:在高并发的情况下,如秒杀抢购活动,会在短时间内有大量请求涌入,如果流量太大,超过了系统的处理能力,可能就会导致我们的系统,数据库崩溃,可以将用户请求写入MQ,按照系统最大承载能力去处理请求,超过一定的阈值就将请求丢弃或给出错误提示</li></ul><h2 id="_2-消息队列的优缺点" tabindex="-1">2.消息队列的优缺点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-消息队列的优缺点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.消息队列的优缺点&quot;">​</a></h2><p>优点：</p><ul><li>对结构复杂的操作进行解耦，降低了系统的维护成本</li><li>对一个可以异步进行的操作进行异步化，可以减少响应时间</li><li>对高并发请求进行削峰，保证系统稳定性</li></ul><p>缺点：</p><ul><li><p>系统复杂度提高。需要考虑MQ的各种情况，如消息丢失，重复消费，顺序消费等</p></li><li><p>一致性问题。如A系统返回了成功的结果，BC系统成功了但D系统失败了</p></li><li><p>系统可用性问题。如果MQ宕机，可能会导致系统的崩溃</p></li></ul><h2 id="_3-如何保证消息队列高可用" tabindex="-1">3.如何保证消息队列高可用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-如何保证消息队列高可用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.如何保证消息队列高可用&quot;">​</a></h2><p>RabbitMQ有三种模式：单机、普通集群、镜像集群</p><p>**普通集群：**就是在多台服务器上启动多个rabbitmq实例，但是创建的队列只会放在一个rabbitmq实例中，其他的实例会同步这个队列的元数据。消费的时候如果连接了另一个实例，也会从拥有队列的那个实例获取消息然后返回。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//8494967-4832d2e63865764d.webp" alt="84949674832d2e63865764d.webp"></p><p>这种方案并不能做到高可用</p><p>**镜像集群：**真正的高可用模式，创建的queue无论元数据还是消息数据都存放在多个实例中，每次写消息到queue时，都会自动把消息同步到多个queue中。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//8494967-3a4af86b205cebcf.webp" alt="84949673a4af86b205cebcf.webp"></p><p>优点：实现了高可用，任何一台机器宕机，其他机器能继续使用</p><p>缺点：1、性能消耗较大，所有机器都要进行消息同步 2、没有扩展性，如果有一个queue负载很重，就算增加机器，新增的机器也包含这个queue的全部数据，</p><h2 id="_4-如何保证消息不重复消费" tabindex="-1">4.如何保证消息不重复消费 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-如何保证消息不重复消费" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.如何保证消息不重复消费&quot;">​</a></h2><p>保证消费的幂等性,让每条消息带一个全局唯一的bizId,具体过程:</p><p>1、消费者获取消息后先根据redis/db是否有该消息</p><p>2、如果不存在，则正常消费，消费完毕后写入redis/db</p><p>3、如果已经存在，证明已经消费过，直接丢弃</p><h2 id="_5-如何保证消息不丢失" tabindex="-1">5.如何保证消息不丢失 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-如何保证消息不丢失" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.如何保证消息不丢失&quot;">​</a></h2><p>原则：数据不能多也不能少，不能多是指不重复消费，不能少是指不能丢数据</p><p>丢失数据场景：</p><ul><li>生产者丢失数据：生产者发送数据到mq时可能因为网络波动丢失数据</li><li>rabbitmq丢失数据：如果没有开启rabbitmq持久化，一旦mq重启，数据就丢了</li><li>消费者丢失数据：消费者刚消费到还没开始处理，消费者就挂掉了，重启后mq就认为已经消费过了，丢掉了数据</li></ul><p>解决方案：</p><p><strong>针对生产者丢失数据：</strong></p><ul><li>rabbitmq事务，生产者发送消息前开启事务，如果消息没有发送成功生产者会收到异常报错，这时可以回滚并重试发送</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">channel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">txSelect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  channel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rollback</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//重新发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">channel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">txSelect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  channel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rollback</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//重新发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>**缺点：**开启事务会变成阻塞操作，造成生产者的性能和吞吐量的下降</p><ul><li>把channel设置成confirm模式，每次写的消息都会分配一个唯一的id，如果mq接到消息就会回调生产者的接口，通知消息已经收到，如果mq接受报错，也会回调通知，这样可以重试发送数据，伪代码如下</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开启confirm模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">channel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">confirm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">在生产者服务提供一个回调接口的实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String messageId）{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//已经收到消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">nack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String messageId){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//重发消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开启confirm模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">channel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">confirm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">在生产者服务提供一个回调接口的实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String messageId）{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//已经收到消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">nack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String messageId){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//重发消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>**针对mq丢失数据：**开启mq的持久化，将交换机/队列的durable设置为true，表示交换机/队列时持久化的，在服务崩溃或重启后无需重新创建</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RabbitListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bindings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">QueueBinding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Queue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dynamicQueue&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">autoDelete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">durable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exchange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Exchange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;exchange&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">durable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;routingKey&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">dynamicQueue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Message message, Channel channel) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接收消息：&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBody</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RabbitListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bindings</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">QueueBinding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Queue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dynamicQueue&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">autoDelete</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">durable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exchange</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Exchange</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;exchange&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">durable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;routingKey&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dynamicQueue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Message message, Channel channel) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;接收消息：&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBody</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果消息想从rabbitmq崩溃中回复，消息必须实现：</p><ul><li>消息发送前，把投递模式设置为2（持久）来标记为持久消息</li><li>将消息发送到持久交换机</li><li>将消息发送到持久队列</li></ul><p><strong>针对消费者丢失数据</strong>：关闭消费者的autoAck机制，然后每次处理完一条消息，主动发送ack给rabbitmq，如果此时还没发送ack就宕机，mq没有收到ack消息，就会重新将消息重新分配给其他</p><p>强制消费者手动确认：</p><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">manual</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">manual</span></span></code></pre></div><p>消费者手动ack：</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">channel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">basicAck</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMessageProperties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDeliveryTag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">channel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">basicAck</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMessageProperties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDeliveryTag</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="_6-如何保证消息的顺序消费" tabindex="-1">6.如何保证消息的顺序消费 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-如何保证消息的顺序消费" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.如何保证消息的顺序消费&quot;">​</a></h2><p>一个queue一个consumer</p><h2 id="_7-消息积压" tabindex="-1">7.消息积压 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-消息积压" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.消息积压&quot;">​</a></h2><p>1.先修复consumer的问题,确保恢复消费速度,然后停掉所有consumer</p><p>2.临时建立数十倍的queue</p><p>3.写一个临时分发的consumer程序,部署上去消费积压的消息,消费不做处理,直接轮询写入上一步建好的queue中</p><p>4.重新部署consumer(机器加倍),每一批consumer消费一个临时queue</p>`,51),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,u){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const F=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{h as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_\345\205\263\344\272\216\346\266\210\346\201\257\344\270\255\351\227\264\344\273\266MQ.md.ab53b116.lean.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_\345\205\263\344\272\216\346\266\210\346\201\257\344\270\255\351\227\264\344\273\266MQ.md.ab53b116.lean.js"
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"关于消息中间件MQ","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/关于消息中间件MQ.md","filePath":"java/middleware/关于消息中间件MQ.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/middleware/关于消息中间件MQ.md"},o=l("",51),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,u){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const F=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{h as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\351\224\201\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210.md.b5420986.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\351\224\201\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210.md.b5420986.js"
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+++ "b/assets/java_middleware_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\351\224\201\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210.md.b5420986.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"分布式锁解决方案","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/分布式锁解决方案.md","filePath":"java/middleware/分布式锁解决方案.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/middleware/分布式锁解决方案.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="分布式锁解决方案" tabindex="-1">分布式锁解决方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式锁解决方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式锁解决方案&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="分布式锁的概念" tabindex="-1">分布式锁的概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式锁的概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式锁的概念&quot;">​</a></h2><p>在单体应用中,对于并发处理公共资源时例如卖票,减商品库存这类操作,可以简单的加锁实现同步.但当单体应用服务化后,在分布式场景下,简单的加锁操作就无法实现需求了.这时就需要借助第三方组件来达到多进程多线程之间的同步操作.</p><p><strong>分布式锁</strong>:在分布式环境下,多个程序/线程都需要对某一份(有限份)数据进行修改时,针对程序进行控制,保证在同一时间节点下,只有一个程序/线程对数据进行操作的技术</p><h2 id="分布式锁的执行流程" tabindex="-1">分布式锁的执行流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式锁的执行流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式锁的执行流程&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-05_15-26-34.png" alt="Snipaste_20210305_152634.png"></p><h2 id="常见的解决方案" tabindex="-1">常见的解决方案: <a class="header-anchor" href="#常见的解决方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常见的解决方案:&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>基于数据库的唯一索引</li><li>基于数据库的排他锁</li><li>基于Redis的<code>EX NX</code>参数</li><li>基于ZooKeeper的临时有序节点</li></ul><h3 id="基于数据库的唯一索引" tabindex="-1">基于数据库的唯一索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于数据库的唯一索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于数据库的唯一索引&quot;">​</a></h3><p>步骤:</p><p>1.创建一张表,表中要有唯一索引的字段用于记录当前哪个程序在进行操作</p><p>2.程序访问时,将程序的编号insert到这张表中(保证这个编号符合规则可以区分)</p><p>3.insert操作成功则代表该程序获得了锁,可以执行业务逻辑</p><p>4.当其他相同编号的程序进行insert时,由于唯一索引的限制会失败,则代表获取锁失败</p><p>5.当占用锁的程序业务逻辑执行完毕后删除该数据,代表释放锁</p><h3 id="基于数据库的排他锁" tabindex="-1">基于数据库的排他锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于数据库的排他锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于数据库的排他锁&quot;">​</a></h3><p>以mysql为例的innodb引擎为例,可以使用<code>for update</code>语句来给数据库表加排他锁,当一个线程执行了for update操作给一条记录加锁后,其他线程无法再在该记录上增加排他锁</p><p>步骤:</p><p>1.开启事务</p><p>2.在查询语句后跟<code>for update</code> 例如 <code>select * from tb_goods where id=1 for update</code></p><p>3.成功获取排他锁的线程即获得了分布式锁,可以执行业务逻辑</p><p>4.执行完毕后需要<code>commit</code>提交事务来释放锁</p><p>==这种方式需要关闭数据库事务的自动提交==</p><p>以上两种通过数据库来实现分布式锁的方案比较==简单方便,可以快速实现==,但是基于数据库的操作,开销非常大,对服务的性能存在影响</p><h3 id="基于redis实现分布式锁" tabindex="-1">基于Redis实现分布式锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于redis实现分布式锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于Redis实现分布式锁&quot;">​</a></h3><p>redis实现分布式锁最核心的方法<code>setnx</code>,setnx的含义就是set if not exists,其中有两个参数setnx(key,value).该方法是原子的,如果key不存在,则设置当前key成功,返回1,如果key已存在,则设置当前key失败,返回0;</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-05_16-17-17.png" alt="Snipaste_20210305_161717.png"></p><h4 id="锁超时" tabindex="-1">锁超时 <a class="header-anchor" href="#锁超时" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;锁超时&quot;">​</a></h4><p>理想情况下,当某个程序抢占了锁后,处理完业务流程应该删除对应的key,如果这个过程中发生了问题,导致锁超时或者出现了异常,没有办法释放锁,就会产生死锁问题.</p><p>redis提供的另一个指令<code>EXPIRE</code>,来设置锁的过期时间<code>EXPIRE KEY seconds</code>来设置key的生存时间,如图</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-05_16-23-30.png" alt="Snipaste_20210305_162330.png"></p><p>两秒以后key就被自动删除了.</p><p>但是程序里我们也不能写成如下的代码</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrongGetLock1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Jedis jedis, String lockKey, String requestId, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expireTime) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Long result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> jedis.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setnx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lockKey, requestId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        jedis.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">expire</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lockKey, expireTime);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doSomething</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrongGetLock1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Jedis jedis, String lockKey, String requestId, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expireTime) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Long result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> jedis.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setnx</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lockKey, requestId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        jedis.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">expire</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lockKey, expireTime);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doSomething</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>因为setnx和expire两个指令是两条命令并不具有原子性,如果在执行setnx后程序突然崩溃,没有设置过期时间就会发生死锁.</p><p>在redis2.6.12版本后,又提供了一个新的方案</p><blockquote><p>SET key value [EX seconds] [PX millisecounds] [NX|XX] EX seconds:设置键的过期时间为second秒 PX millisecounds:设置键的过期时间为millisecounds 毫秒 NX:只在键不存在的时候,才对键进行设置操作 XX:只在键已经存在的时候,才对键进行设置操作 SET操作成功后,返回的是OK,失败返回NIL</p></blockquote><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-07_14-52-07.png" alt="Snipaste_20210307_145207.png"></p><h4 id="如何释放锁" tabindex="-1">如何释放锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何释放锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何释放锁&quot;">​</a></h4><p>释放锁的时候很容易联想到<code>del</code>指令,可是这个指令如果直接在代码中使用,会产生一个很严重的问题,拥有超时锁的线程会释放掉当前拥有锁的那个线程的锁</p><p>(删了不属于自己的锁)</p><p>场景:</p><ul><li>线程1,2,3分别尝试加锁最后只有1成功获得锁,其他线程加锁失败继续尝试</li><li>线程1开始执行业务代码,线程2,3继续尝试</li><li>线程1的锁超时了,自动释放了锁,此时线程2获得了锁,线程3继续尝试加锁</li><li>线程1的任务执行完毕,使用了del指令删除锁,线程2在执行业务代码,线程3这时会获得锁(因为线程1把线程2的锁删了)</li></ul><p>所以,我们要在set键值对的时候,保证可以区分开当前锁是否属于执行指令的这个线程,value我们可以设置为当前的requestID或线程的id</p><p>而这些步骤如果直接用代码控制则会显得较为繁琐,可以引入lua脚本</p><div class="language-lua vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">lua</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">call</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;get&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, KEYS[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ARGV[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">call</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;del&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, KEYS[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">end</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">call</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;get&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, KEYS[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ARGV[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">call</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;del&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, KEYS[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">end</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上述lua脚本用于比较KEYS[1]对应的VALUE和ARG[1]的值是否一直,即当前锁是否属于当前线程,如果是true则删除锁,返回del结果,否则直接返回0</p><p>执行脚本可以使用redis的eval指令</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">jedis.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">eval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String script, List</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kyes,List</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">jedis.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">eval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String script, List</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kyes,List</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>存在的问题:上面讨论的是单机redis的场景,如果是分布式下的redis哨兵集群会存在问题,如果线程1的锁加在了主库,这时候主库直接宕机,redis还没来得及将这个锁的数据同步至从节点,sentinel就将从库中的一台选举为主库了,这时候另一个线程也来进行加锁,也会成功,这时候便有两个线程同时获得了锁</p><p>这种情况可以使用Redisson redlock</p><blockquote><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Config config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">config.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">useSentinelServers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addSentinelAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6369&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6379&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6389&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setMasterName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;masterName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPassword</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDatabase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">RedissonClient redissonClient </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Redisson.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(config);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">RLock redLock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> redissonClient.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;REDLOCK_KEY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isLock;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	isLock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> redLock.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tryLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isLock) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//TODO if get lock success, do something;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	redLock.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">unlock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Config config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Config</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">config.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">useSentinelServers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addSentinelAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6369&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6379&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6389&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setMasterName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;masterName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPassword</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDatabase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">RedissonClient redissonClient </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Redisson.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">create</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(config);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">RLock redLock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> redissonClient.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;REDLOCK_KEY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isLock;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	isLock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> redLock.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tryLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isLock) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//TODO if get lock success, do something;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	redLock.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">unlock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>由于 redisson 包的实现中，通过 lua 脚本校验了解锁时的 client 身份，所以我们无需再在 finally 中去判断是否加锁成功，也无需做额外的身份校验，可以说已经达到开箱即用的程度了。</p></blockquote><h3 id="基于zookeeper实现分布式锁" tabindex="-1">基于ZooKeeper实现分布式锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于zookeeper实现分布式锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于ZooKeeper实现分布式锁&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>zookeeper一般有多个节点构成(单数个),采用zab一致性协议,所以可以将zk看成一个单点结构,对其修改数据其内部会自动将所有节点进行修改才提供查询服务</p></li><li><p>zookeeper的数据是目录树的方式存储的,每个目录称为znode,znode可以存储数据,还可以在其中增加子节点</p></li><li><p>子节点有三种类型</p><ul><li>序列化节点:每在该节点下增加一个节点会自动给节点的名字自增</li><li>临时节点:一旦创建这个节点的客户端与服务器失去联系会自动删除节点</li><li>普通节点</li></ul></li><li><p>Watch机制,客户端可以监控每个节点的变化,产生变化时会给客户端产生一个事件</p></li></ul><h4 id="zookeeper分布式锁原理" tabindex="-1">zookeeper分布式锁原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#zookeeper分布式锁原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;zookeeper分布式锁原理&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><strong>获取和释放锁</strong>:利用临时节点的特性和watch机制,每个锁占用一个普通节点/lock,当需要获取锁时在/lock目录下创建一个临时节点,创建成功表示获取锁成功,失败则watch /lock节点,有删除操作时再去竞争锁。临时节点的好处在于当进程挂掉后自动上锁的节点会自动删除，即释放锁.</li><li><strong>获取锁的顺序</strong>:上锁为创建临时有序节点,每个上锁的节点均能创建节点成功,只是序号不同,只有序号最小的才能拥有锁,如果节点序号不是最小则watch序号比自身小的前一个节点(公平锁)</li></ul><p>获取锁的流程:</p><p>1.先有一个锁根节点,lockRootNode,可以是一个永久节点</p><p>2.客户端获取锁,先在lockRootNode下创建一个顺序的临时节点</p><p>3.调用lockRootNode节点的getChildren()方法获取所有节点,并从小到大排序,如果创建的最小的节点是当前节点,则返回true,获取锁成功,否则,watch比自己序号小的节点的释放动作(exist watch),这也可以保证每个客户端只需要watch一个节点</p><p>4.如果有节点释放操作,重复第3步</p><p>代码中可以使用<a href="http://curator.apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Apache Curator</a>来实现基于临时节点的分布式锁</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CuratorDistrLockTest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /** Zookeeper info */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String ZK_ADDRESS </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.1.100:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String ZK_LOCK_PATH </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/lockRootNode&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InterruptedException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1.Connect to zk</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        CuratorFramework client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CuratorFrameworkFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">newClient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                ZK_ADDRESS,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RetryNTimes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        client.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zk client start successfully!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Thread t1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(client);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Thread t2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(client);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t1.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t2.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CuratorFramework </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">client</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        InterProcessMutex lock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InterProcessMutex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(client, ZK_LOCK_PATH);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lock.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">acquire</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Thread.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; hold lock&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Thread.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5000L</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Thread.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; release lock&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                lock.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CuratorDistrLockTest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /** Zookeeper info */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String ZK_ADDRESS </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.1.100:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String ZK_LOCK_PATH </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/lockRootNode&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InterruptedException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1.Connect to zk</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        CuratorFramework client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CuratorFrameworkFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">newClient</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                ZK_ADDRESS,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RetryNTimes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        client.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zk client start successfully!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Thread t1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(client);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Thread t2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(client);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t1.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t2.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CuratorFramework </span><span style="color:#E36209;">client</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        InterProcessMutex lock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InterProcessMutex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(client, ZK_LOCK_PATH);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lock.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">acquire</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Thread.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; hold lock&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Thread.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5000L</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Thread.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; release lock&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                lock.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>优缺点:</p><p><strong>优点</strong>:</p><ul><li>客户端如果宕机,可以立即释放锁</li><li>集群模式的稳定性高</li><li>可以通过watch机制实现阻塞锁</li></ul><p><strong>缺点:</strong></p><ul><li>一旦出现网络抖动,zk就会认为客户端挂掉并断掉连接,其他客户端就会获取锁</li><li>性能不高,每次获取锁和释放锁都基于创建删除临时节点,zk创建和删除节点只能通过leader服务器进行,然后再同步至所有follower上</li></ul>`,68),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_middleware_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\351\224\201\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210.md.b5420986.lean.js" "b/assets/java_middleware_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\351\224\201\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210.md.b5420986.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ac63f238
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_middleware_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\351\224\201\350\247\243\345\206\263\346\226\271\346\241\210.md.b5420986.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"分布式锁解决方案","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/middleware/分布式锁解决方案.md","filePath":"java/middleware/分布式锁解决方案.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/middleware/分布式锁解决方案.md"},o=l("",68),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_OpenJDK\346\262\241\346\234\211jstack\347\255\211\345\221\275\344\273\244\347\232\204\350\247\243\345\206\263\345\212\236\346\263\225.md.d3911b59.js" "b/assets/java_others_OpenJDK\346\262\241\346\234\211jstack\347\255\211\345\221\275\344\273\244\347\232\204\350\247\243\345\206\263\345\212\236\346\263\225.md.d3911b59.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fef515b90
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_OpenJDK\346\262\241\346\234\211jstack\347\255\211\345\221\275\344\273\244\347\232\204\350\247\243\345\206\263\345\212\236\346\263\225.md.d3911b59.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as s,c as o,k as a,a as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法.md","filePath":"java/others/OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),c={name:"java/others/OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法.md"},n=a("h1",{id:"openjdk没有jstack等命令的解决办法",tabindex:"-1"},[e("OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法 "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#openjdk没有jstack等命令的解决办法","aria-label":'Permalink to "OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法"'},"​")],-1),r=a("p",null,"使用yum list --showduplicate | grep java-1.8 找出相关的软件版本",-1),_=a("p",null,[e("yum install 安装图中这两个软件即可"),a("img",{src:"https://storyxc.com/images/blog//5b912b2afd7847419e5d2af77f733692.png",alt:"jstack.png"})],-1),p=[n,r,_];function d(l,i,h,j,k,m){return s(),o("div",null,p)}const D=t(c,[["render",d]]);export{u as __pageData,D as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_OpenJDK\346\262\241\346\234\211jstack\347\255\211\345\221\275\344\273\244\347\232\204\350\247\243\345\206\263\345\212\236\346\263\225.md.d3911b59.lean.js" "b/assets/java_others_OpenJDK\346\262\241\346\234\211jstack\347\255\211\345\221\275\344\273\244\347\232\204\350\247\243\345\206\263\345\212\236\346\263\225.md.d3911b59.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fef515b90
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_OpenJDK\346\262\241\346\234\211jstack\347\255\211\345\221\275\344\273\244\347\232\204\350\247\243\345\206\263\345\212\236\346\263\225.md.d3911b59.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as s,c as o,k as a,a as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法.md","filePath":"java/others/OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),c={name:"java/others/OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法.md"},n=a("h1",{id:"openjdk没有jstack等命令的解决办法",tabindex:"-1"},[e("OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法 "),a("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#openjdk没有jstack等命令的解决办法","aria-label":'Permalink to "OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法"'},"​")],-1),r=a("p",null,"使用yum list --showduplicate | grep java-1.8 找出相关的软件版本",-1),_=a("p",null,[e("yum install 安装图中这两个软件即可"),a("img",{src:"https://storyxc.com/images/blog//5b912b2afd7847419e5d2af77f733692.png",alt:"jstack.png"})],-1),p=[n,r,_];function d(l,i,h,j,k,m){return s(),o("div",null,p)}const D=t(c,[["render",d]]);export{u as __pageData,D as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_POI\350\270\251\345\235\221-zip file is closed.md.4d49d068.js" "b/assets/java_others_POI\350\270\251\345\235\221-zip file is closed.md.4d49d068.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..457b563fa
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_POI\350\270\251\345\235\221-zip file is closed.md.4d49d068.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as p,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"POI踩坑-zip file is closed","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/POI踩坑-zip file is closed.md","filePath":"java/others/POI踩坑-zip file is closed.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"java/others/POI踩坑-zip file is closed.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="poi踩坑-zip-file-is-closed" tabindex="-1">POI踩坑-zip file is closed <a class="header-anchor" href="#poi踩坑-zip-file-is-closed" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;POI踩坑-zip file is closed&quot;">​</a></h1><p>前几天做一个大批量数据异步的导入,采用的是之前用过的事件模式处理,大致流程是用户上传excel文件后,主线程对excel表头进行校验,如果通过校验,则开辟子线程进行业务处理,主线程返回响应.</p><p>整个导入流程和原来做的没什么区别,就是这次整个业务流程都放在子线程中进行处理,原来做的那个导入是只是主线程读数据,读到设定的阈值时则新开线程进行数据的持久化.</p><p>之前的那个系统做的功能是没有什么问题的,只是前台需要等待主线程读取完数据,后台在异步的分批插入数据到db,主线程读取数据这个过程前端页面一直在loading,体验不是很好. 这次为了优化用户体验,整个读取和业务流程操作都放在子线程中,并且新增了进度条展示,但是出现了标题的Zip File is closed异常,但不能完全重现,时而出现,时而正常.完整堆栈信息如下:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Exception in thread </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.lang.IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Zip File is closed</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.util.ZipFileZipEntrySource.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntries</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ZipFileZipEntrySource.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.ZipPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getPartsImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ZipPackage.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">161</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getParts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">662</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">223</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">186</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at com.test.util.POIEventModeHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(POIEventModeHandler.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">482</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at com.test.util.Test.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Test.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Exception in thread </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.lang.IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Zip File is closed</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.util.ZipFileZipEntrySource.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntries</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ZipFileZipEntrySource.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.ZipPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getPartsImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ZipPackage.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">161</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getParts</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">662</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">223</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">186</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at com.test.util.POIEventModeHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(POIEventModeHandler.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">482</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at com.test.util.Test.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Test.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>追踪源码后发现,出现这个异常时,读取的zipentry为null,简单点说就是读了个不存在的文件.</p><p>然后我才想起来项目里文件上传有个对应的拦截器,请求过来之后,拦截器会把前台传的文件先保存在服务器的临时目录中,我们的controller里拿到的文件路径封装的是服务器上的临时文件目录,而不是前台那个MultipartFile的,在controller响应的时候,这个拦截器又把临时文件删除了.所以我这个问题就是线程执行的随机性导致的,正常的时候先执行了子线程中读取临时文件的方法,此时再切换到主线程返回响应时,拦截器无法删除这个文件,而如果一直先执行的是主线程,拦截器会先把文件删掉,这个时候子线程执行open那个临时文件就会出现zip file is closed的异常.</p><p>由于拦截器是公用的,而且原来的逻辑是响应后删除临时文件避免服务器磁盘占用,所以处理方案就是主线程在新建子线程任务之前把这个临时文件再copy一份让子线程去读取这个copy,子线程的finally中再把这个copy的文件删除即可.</p><ul><li>补充 在搜这个问题的时候还看到有人直接用request中的multipartfile进行读取也会报这个错的情况,原因是客户端的文件路径poi没法直接读到,但是还有人直接用poi处理inputStream也会报错,所以推荐大家在使用poi事件模式读取前台上传的文件时,先将文件保存在服务器端,然后去读取服务器上的文件,处理完后再删除即可.</li></ul>`,9),e=[o];function t(c,r,i,E,y,d){return a(),p("div",null,e)}const g=s(n,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_POI\350\270\251\345\235\221-zip file is closed.md.4d49d068.lean.js" "b/assets/java_others_POI\350\270\251\345\235\221-zip file is closed.md.4d49d068.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d06e0afe6
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_POI\350\270\251\345\235\221-zip file is closed.md.4d49d068.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as p,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"POI踩坑-zip file is closed","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/POI踩坑-zip file is closed.md","filePath":"java/others/POI踩坑-zip file is closed.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"java/others/POI踩坑-zip file is closed.md"},o=l("",9),e=[o];function t(c,r,i,E,y,d){return a(),p("div",null,e)}const g=s(n,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_cpu\345\215\240\347\224\250\347\216\207\351\253\230\346\216\222\346\237\245\346\200\235\350\267\257.md.6c75a75e.js" "b/assets/java_others_cpu\345\215\240\347\224\250\347\216\207\351\253\230\346\216\222\346\237\245\346\200\235\350\267\257.md.6c75a75e.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..370708d45
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_cpu\345\215\240\347\224\250\347\216\207\351\253\230\346\216\222\346\237\245\346\200\235\350\267\257.md.6c75a75e.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as e,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const y=JSON.parse('{"title":"cpu占用率高排查思路","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/cpu占用率高排查思路.md","filePath":"java/others/cpu占用率高排查思路.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/others/cpu占用率高排查思路.md"},l=n(`<h1 id="cpu占用率高排查思路" tabindex="-1">cpu占用率高排查思路 <a class="header-anchor" href="#cpu占用率高排查思路" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;cpu占用率高排查思路&quot;">​</a></h1><p>1.<code>top</code>命令找出cpu占用率高的进程pid</p><p>2.<code>top -H -p pid</code> 找出cpu占用率高的线程tid</p><p>3.<code>printf &quot;%x&quot; tid</code>命令打印出tid的十六进制形式</p><p>4.<code>jstack pid | grep 十六进制tid -A 行数</code>打印堆栈信息 或者 <code>jstack pid &gt;&gt; log.txt</code>将堆栈信息保存在文件中，再从文件中查找对应线程的信息</p><p>5.<code>jstat -gcutil pid 5000</code> 每隔5秒打印一次gc情况</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">S0：幸存1区当前使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">S1：幸存2区当前使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">E：伊甸园区使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">O：老年代使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">M：元数据区使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">CCS：压缩使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">YGC：年轻代垃圾回收次数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">FGC：老年代垃圾回收次数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">FGCT：老年代垃圾回收消耗时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">GCT：垃圾回收消耗总时间</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">S0：幸存1区当前使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">S1：幸存2区当前使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">E：伊甸园区使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">O：老年代使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">M：元数据区使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">CCS：压缩使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">YGC：年轻代垃圾回收次数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">FGC：老年代垃圾回收次数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">FGCT：老年代垃圾回收消耗时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">GCT：垃圾回收消耗总时间</span></span></code></pre></div><p>6.<code>jmap -heap pid</code> 查看堆内存详细信息</p><p>7.<code>jmap -histo pid &gt; xxx.log</code> 输出gc日志到文件</p>`,9),c=[l];function o(t,i,d,r,_,u){return a(),e("div",null,c)}const g=s(p,[["render",o]]);export{y as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_cpu\345\215\240\347\224\250\347\216\207\351\253\230\346\216\222\346\237\245\346\200\235\350\267\257.md.6c75a75e.lean.js" "b/assets/java_others_cpu\345\215\240\347\224\250\347\216\207\351\253\230\346\216\222\346\237\245\346\200\235\350\267\257.md.6c75a75e.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82700f76c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_cpu\345\215\240\347\224\250\347\216\207\351\253\230\346\216\222\346\237\245\346\200\235\350\267\257.md.6c75a75e.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as e,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const y=JSON.parse('{"title":"cpu占用率高排查思路","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/cpu占用率高排查思路.md","filePath":"java/others/cpu占用率高排查思路.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/others/cpu占用率高排查思路.md"},l=n("",9),c=[l];function o(t,i,d,r,_,u){return a(),e("div",null,c)}const g=s(p,[["render",o]]);export{y as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_feign\350\257\267\346\261\202\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204\347\224\250\346\210\267ip\350\216\267\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.d88bae52.js" "b/assets/java_others_feign\350\257\267\346\261\202\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204\347\224\250\346\210\267ip\350\216\267\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.d88bae52.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f4c4dbdf
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_feign\350\257\267\346\261\202\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204\347\224\250\346\210\267ip\350\216\267\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.d88bae52.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录.md","filePath":"java/others/feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"java/others/feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录.md"},o=p(`<h1 id="feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录" tabindex="-1">feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>有个功能需要做ip的判断，区分请求是来自用户端还是来自其他服务的feign调用，其中有个一个服务发起的feign调用，一直无法获取到真实的服务器ip，而一直是用户端的ip。</p><h2 id="排查" tabindex="-1">排查 <a class="header-anchor" href="#排查" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;排查&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li>首先贴出来获取ip的工具类</li></ol><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getIpAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x-forwarded-for&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Proxy-Client-IP&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;WL-Proxy-Client-IP&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getRemoteAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据网卡取本机配置的IP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                InetAddress inet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    inet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InetAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLocalHost</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (UnknownHostException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> inet.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHostAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照&#39;,&#39;分割</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//&quot;***.***.***.***&quot;.length() = 15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">substring</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getIpAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x-forwarded-for&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Proxy-Client-IP&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;WL-Proxy-Client-IP&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getRemoteAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据网卡取本机配置的IP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                InetAddress inet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    inet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InetAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLocalHost</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (UnknownHostException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> inet.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHostAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照&#39;,&#39;分割</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//&quot;***.***.***.***&quot;.length() = 15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">substring</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li>根据调试发现，请求的\`\`x-forwarded-for\`请求头是一直包含两个ip的，第一个ip是用户端的ip，第二个是nginx所在的服务器ip，这个也好理解，通过代理转发的请求，会把代理ip拼在真实ip后面。但是问题是这个请求是由其他服务feign发起的，理应不存在nginx转发（通过注册中心的服务名调用，绕过nginx）。</li></ol><blockquote><p><a href="https://imququ.com/post/x-forwarded-for-header-in-http.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HTTP 请求头中的 X-Forwarded-For</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/shouke/p/15511149.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Nginx remote_addr和proxy_add_x_forwarded_for变量详解</a>]</p></blockquote><ol start="3"><li>把问题转到排查feign调用上后发现，该服务实例化了feign.builder来实现传递自定义请求头的目标</li></ol><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Feign.Builder </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">feignBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Feign.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">builder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">requestInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RequestInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apply</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(RequestTemplate </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">requestTemplate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; customHeaders </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCustomHeaders</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				customHeaders.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((k, v) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					requestTemplate.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(k, v);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String, String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCustomHeaders</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        HttpServletRequest request </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RequestContextHelper.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Enumeration&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; headerNames </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHeaderNames</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(headerNames.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasMoreElements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String headerName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((String)headerNames.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">nextElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toLowerCase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (headerName.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">startsWith</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x-&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                String headerValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(headerName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (headerValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    headers.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(headerName, headerValue);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        headers.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x-invoker-ip&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, IpUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLocalIpAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">containsKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x-auth-token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            headers.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x-auth-token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, TokenGenerator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">generateWithSign</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> headers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Feign.Builder </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">feignBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Feign.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">builder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">requestInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RequestInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apply</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(RequestTemplate </span><span style="color:#E36209;">requestTemplate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; customHeaders </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCustomHeaders</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				customHeaders.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((k, v) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					requestTemplate.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">header</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(k, v);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">String, String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCustomHeaders</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        HttpServletRequest request </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RequestContextHelper.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Enumeration&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; headerNames </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHeaderNames</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(headerNames.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasMoreElements</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String headerName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((String)headerNames.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">nextElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toLowerCase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (headerName.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">startsWith</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x-&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                String headerValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(headerName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (headerValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    headers.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(headerName, headerValue);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        headers.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x-invoker-ip&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, IpUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLocalIpAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">containsKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x-auth-token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            headers.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x-auth-token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, TokenGenerator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">generateWithSign</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> headers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><p>至此，问题解决，x-forwarded-for被放在了feign请求头中，导致了上述问题，这里把x-forwarded-for请求头排除即可。</p><ol start="4"><li><p>分析：</p><p>请求流程： 用户-&gt;nginx-&gt;网关服务-&gt;a服务-&gt;feign调用-&gt;b服务</p></li></ol><p>用户的请求通过nignx后代理ip就会被添加到x-forwarded-for请求头中，此时x-forwarded-for请求头为:<code>用户ip,nginx服务器的ip</code>，后请求从网关路由到a服务，a服务通过feign.buider的添加拦截器方法，增加了一个添加指定请求头到feign的请求中的拦截器，导致原来的x-forwarded-for被原封不动的传到了b服务，b服务根据这个请求头获取ip时，就拿到了原始用户的ip。</p>`,13),e=[o];function t(r,c,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const g=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_feign\350\257\267\346\261\202\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204\347\224\250\346\210\267ip\350\216\267\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.d88bae52.lean.js" "b/assets/java_others_feign\350\257\267\346\261\202\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204\347\224\250\346\210\267ip\350\216\267\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.d88bae52.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bd21a896
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_feign\350\257\267\346\261\202\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204\347\224\250\346\210\267ip\350\216\267\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230\350\256\260\345\275\225.md.d88bae52.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录.md","filePath":"java/others/feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"java/others/feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录.md"},o=p("",13),e=[o];function t(r,c,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const g=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\256\211\350\243\205OpenOffice\350\270\251\345\235\221.md.5dbf4ef7.js" "b/assets/java_others_linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\256\211\350\243\205OpenOffice\350\270\251\345\235\221.md.5dbf4ef7.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2635a4df8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\256\211\350\243\205OpenOffice\350\270\251\345\235\221.md.5dbf4ef7.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o,c as t,Q as a}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑.md","filePath":"java/others/linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"java/others/linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑.md"},n=a('<h1 id="linux服务器安装openoffice踩坑" tabindex="-1">linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux服务器安装openoffice踩坑" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>最近公司项目需要做一个在线预览Office文件的功能,尝试了使用OpenOffice把Office文档转化成PDF格式和HTML格式的文件再由前端解析PDF或者直接通过iFrame访问HTML文件的方案,windows系统直接下载安装后cmd运行命令就可以启动openoffice的服务了.服务器就稍微麻烦一点,本文记录了我在自己的阿里云服务器上安装OpenOffice遇到的坑和解决的办法. 解压安装OpenOffice,这个网上搜一下有很多,不再详细记录.可以参考 <a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/Oliver-rebirth/p/Linux_openOffice.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">linux环境下安装 openOffice 并启动服务</a></p><h2 id="遇到的问题" tabindex="-1">遇到的问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#遇到的问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;遇到的问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>找不到Java运行环境 这个问题是因为我服务器上的JDK是解压版本的,虽然配置了JAVA_HOME这些但是openoffice识别不到,后来我就删了这个解压版的JDK,然后用yum命令安装了OpenJDK 1.8,命令:<code>yum install openjdk 1.8</code>重新配置了JAVA_HOME后解决了这个报错</li><li>找不到libXext.so.6 /opt/openoffice4/program/下缺少libXext.so.6文件 运行<code>yum install libXext.X86_64</code>. 这个是64位linux的版本,32位的系统需要改成对应的版本</li><li>no suitable windowing system found existing 运行<code>yum groupinstall &quot;X Window System&quot;</code>,我在运行这个命令的时候,又碰到了另一个报错:<strong>no packages in any requested group available to install or update</strong>, 这里命令后面要加上一些参数,执行<code>yum groupinstall &quot;X Window System&quot; --setoptgroup_package_type=mandatory.default.optional</code></li></ul><p>解决报错后,再重新执行启动服务的命令 <code>nohup ./soffice -headless -accept=&quot;socket,host=127.0.0.1,port=8100;urp;&quot; -nofirststartwizard &amp;</code></p><p>执行后可以使用netstat命令查看8100端口的占用情况<code>net stat -lnp|grep 8100</code> 可以看到soffice.bin就说明服务成功启动了</p><p>然后启动测试的demo后发现,office文件转换成PDF后中文出现乱码,这是因为服务器上没有中文字体,用ftp工具把windows的中文字体直接传到服务器上的/usr/share/fonts文件夹中,清除缓存后重新启动openoffice服务后就能正确显示中文了.</p>',8),c=[n];function r(l,s,f,p,d,u){return o(),t("div",null,c)}const O=e(i,[["render",r]]);export{h as __pageData,O as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\256\211\350\243\205OpenOffice\350\270\251\345\235\221.md.5dbf4ef7.lean.js" "b/assets/java_others_linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\256\211\350\243\205OpenOffice\350\270\251\345\235\221.md.5dbf4ef7.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01c8638f8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\256\211\350\243\205OpenOffice\350\270\251\345\235\221.md.5dbf4ef7.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o,c as t,Q as a}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑.md","filePath":"java/others/linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"java/others/linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑.md"},n=a("",8),c=[n];function r(l,s,f,p,d,u){return o(),t("div",null,c)}const O=e(i,[["render",r]]);export{h as __pageData,O as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_mybatis\347\232\204classpath\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204jar\345\214\205\350\257\273\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.aca64d7d.js" "b/assets/java_others_mybatis\347\232\204classpath\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204jar\345\214\205\350\257\273\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.aca64d7d.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6d2610f6
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_mybatis\347\232\204classpath\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204jar\345\214\205\350\257\273\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.aca64d7d.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as s,c as t,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题.md","filePath":"java/others/mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),c={name:"java/others/mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题.md"},r=e('<h1 id="mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题" tabindex="-1">mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题&quot;">​</a></h1><p>今天同事碰到个问题，在服务中引入了另一个服务的mapper文件后找不到其中配置的resultMap引发报错。后经排查是因为配置文件中classpath的配置问题引起的。</p><p><code>classpath:</code>: 只会从当前服务的class目录下寻找文件</p><p><code>classpath*:</code>: 会从class目录下寻找文件，还会从引入的依赖（打包后lib文件夹中的jar包）中寻找文件</p><p>所以当把mybatis的classpath配置从<code>classpath:</code>改为<code>classpath*:</code>后问题能解决了</p>',5),p=[r];function _(o,l,h,i,d,m){return s(),t("div",null,p)}const j=a(c,[["render",_]]);export{b as __pageData,j as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_mybatis\347\232\204classpath\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204jar\345\214\205\350\257\273\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.aca64d7d.lean.js" "b/assets/java_others_mybatis\347\232\204classpath\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204jar\345\214\205\350\257\273\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.aca64d7d.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a04e48f7
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_mybatis\347\232\204classpath\351\205\215\347\275\256\345\257\274\350\207\264\347\232\204jar\345\214\205\350\257\273\345\217\226\351\227\256\351\242\230.md.aca64d7d.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as s,c as t,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题.md","filePath":"java/others/mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),c={name:"java/others/mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题.md"},r=e("",5),p=[r];function _(o,l,h,i,d,m){return s(),t("div",null,p)}const j=a(c,[["render",_]]);export{b as __pageData,j as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_ribbon\345\210\267\346\226\260\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\210\227\350\241\250\351\227\264\351\232\224\345\222\214canal\347\232\204\345\235\221.md.6fcde15c.js" "b/assets/java_others_ribbon\345\210\267\346\226\260\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\210\227\350\241\250\351\227\264\351\232\224\345\222\214canal\347\232\204\345\235\221.md.6fcde15c.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..594a2c237
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_ribbon\345\210\267\346\226\260\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\210\227\350\241\250\351\227\264\351\232\224\345\222\214canal\347\232\204\345\235\221.md.6fcde15c.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑.md","filePath":"java/others/ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/others/ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑" tabindex="-1">ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>ribbon有个参数可以用来调整刷新server list的时间间隔参数。</p></blockquote><h2 id="serverlistrefreshinterval" tabindex="-1">ServerListRefreshInterval <a class="header-anchor" href="#serverlistrefreshinterval" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ServerListRefreshInterval&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>ribbon-loadbalancer-2.2.0-sources.jar!/com/netflix/client/config/CommonClientConfigKey.java</code></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IClientConfigKey&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; ServerListRefreshInterval </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CommonClientConfigKey&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ServerListRefreshInterval&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IClientConfigKey&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; ServerListRefreshInterval </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CommonClientConfigKey&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ServerListRefreshInterval&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){};</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="pollingserverlistupdater" tabindex="-1">PollingServerListUpdater <a class="header-anchor" href="#pollingserverlistupdater" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;PollingServerListUpdater&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>ribbon-loadbalancer-2.2.0-sources.jar!/com/netflix/loadbalancer/PollingServerListUpdater.java</code></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">long</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getRefreshIntervalMs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(IClientConfig clientConfig) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> clientConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CommonClientConfigKey.ServerListRefreshInterval, LISTOFSERVERS_CACHE_REPEAT_INTERVAL);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">synchronized</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> UpdateAction updateAction) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isActive.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">compareAndSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Runnable wrapperRunnable </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Runnable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">isActive.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (scheduledFuture </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            scheduledFuture.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cancel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        updateAction.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doUpdate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        lastUpdated </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> System.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">currentTimeMillis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">warn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Failed one update cycle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            scheduledFuture </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getRefreshExecutor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scheduleWithFixedDelay</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    wrapperRunnable,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    initialDelayMs,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    refreshIntervalMs,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Already active, no-op&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">long</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getRefreshIntervalMs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(IClientConfig clientConfig) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> clientConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CommonClientConfigKey.ServerListRefreshInterval, LISTOFSERVERS_CACHE_REPEAT_INTERVAL);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">synchronized</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> UpdateAction updateAction) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isActive.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">compareAndSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Runnable wrapperRunnable </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Runnable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">isActive.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (scheduledFuture </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            scheduledFuture.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cancel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        updateAction.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doUpdate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        lastUpdated </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> System.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">currentTimeMillis</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">warn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Failed one update cycle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            scheduledFuture </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getRefreshExecutor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scheduleWithFixedDelay</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    wrapperRunnable,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    initialDelayMs,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    refreshIntervalMs,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Already active, no-op&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到有个定时线程,每隔一定时间会去刷新服务的列表,因此,这个时间不要改的太长,默认应该是30s,公司的测试环境不知道是哪位大佬出于什么考虑改的,我反正已经改回去了 = =.</p><h2 id="canal的坑" tabindex="-1">canal的坑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal的坑" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal的坑&quot;">​</a></h2><p>公司用canal主要是因为有新旧两个系统,两个系统同时在运转,目前还没有完全迁移,因此用canal保证新旧系统数据的一致性,这次主要是修复一个楼层信息不同步的bug,问题是更新的时候有个状态字段被写死了,没有用kafka里消息体里的数据更新,这个小问题上周就修复了,自测通过了的,这周测试复测结果发现什么操作都同步不了.这使我一度陷入了自我怀疑.... 然后去看监控的服务日志,发现确实是什么数据库的变更都检测不到了,因为不熟悉这套东西,看了半天也没看出来问题,只能求助我们头儿,然后据他说这个问题经常出现,然后就删了canal实例里面的meta.bat文件,然后运行./restart.sh,重启之后果然恢复正常了,具体啥原因我还没搞懂,日后研究明白了再补充</p><p>后续:canal提供了tsdb时序数据库,上次碰到的canal报错问题,是因为监控表的元数据跟现有数据不一致导致的,tsdb中会记录所有对监控的表的操作记录,但是有一张表加了两个字段(57+2)后,这两条alter语句不知道什么情况没有被记录到tsdb的history表中,导致监控到的表的列数不匹配,canal认为还是57列,实际为59,由于是测试环境,所以直接把这张表copy了一份然后把原表删了,再把copy的表改个名字就ok了</p>`,12),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_ribbon\345\210\267\346\226\260\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\210\227\350\241\250\351\227\264\351\232\224\345\222\214canal\347\232\204\345\235\221.md.6fcde15c.lean.js" "b/assets/java_others_ribbon\345\210\267\346\226\260\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\210\227\350\241\250\351\227\264\351\232\224\345\222\214canal\347\232\204\345\235\221.md.6fcde15c.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d73deff35
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_ribbon\345\210\267\346\226\260\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\210\227\350\241\250\351\227\264\351\232\224\345\222\214canal\347\232\204\345\235\221.md.6fcde15c.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑.md","filePath":"java/others/ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"java/others/ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑.md"},o=l("",12),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_\345\276\256\344\277\241\345\260\217\347\250\213\345\272\217\345\212\240\345\257\206\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\257\271\347\247\260\350\247\243\345\257\206\345\267\245\345\205\267\347\261\273.md.35b678f0.js" "b/assets/java_others_\345\276\256\344\277\241\345\260\217\347\250\213\345\272\217\345\212\240\345\257\206\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\257\271\347\247\260\350\247\243\345\257\206\345\267\245\345\205\267\347\261\273.md.35b678f0.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a68c2bdaa
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_\345\276\256\344\277\241\345\260\217\347\250\213\345\272\217\345\212\240\345\257\206\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\257\271\347\247\260\350\247\243\345\257\206\345\267\245\345\205\267\347\261\273.md.35b678f0.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const A=JSON.parse('{"title":"微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类.md","filePath":"java/others/微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"java/others/微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类.md"},o=p(`<h1 id="微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类" tabindex="-1">微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>小程序授权登录获取用户手机号功能</p><h2 id="依赖" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.bouncycastle&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;bcprov-jdk16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1.46&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;commons-codec&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;commons-codec&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1.4&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.bouncycastle&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;bcprov-jdk16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1.46&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;commons-codec&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;commons-codec&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1.4&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="代码" tabindex="-1">代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;代码&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> javax.crypto.Cipher;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.security.Security;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.security.spec.AlgorithmParameterSpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.util.Map;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description 微信敏感数据对称解密工具类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @create 2021/4/30 15:32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WeixinDecryptUtils</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 微信加密数据对称解密</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">appId</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">       公众号/小程序id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encryptData</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">   加密数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">iv</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">          加密初始向量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sessionKey</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">    会话密钥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">              解密数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decrypt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">appId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sessionKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encryptData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">iv</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] decodeEncryptData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(encryptData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] decodeIv </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(iv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] decodeSessionKey </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sessionKey);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Security.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addProvider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BouncyCastleProvider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        AlgorithmParameterSpec ivSpec </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IvParameterSpec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(decodeIv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Cipher cipher </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Cipher.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getInstance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;AES/CBC/PKCS7Padding&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BC&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        SecretKeySpec keySpec </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SecretKeySpec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(decodeSessionKey, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;AES&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cipher.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec, ivSpec);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] doFinal </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cipher.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doFinal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(decodeEncryptData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(doFinal);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map map </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str, Map.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; watermark </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Map</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String, Object</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) map.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;watermark&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (watermark </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">appId.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(watermark.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;appid&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RunException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Invalid encrpytedData watermark appId &quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">appId</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,parsed appID &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String)watermark.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;appid&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> map;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String appId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;wx4f4bc4dec97d474b&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String sessionKey </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tiihtNczf5v6AKRyjwEUhQ==&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String encryptedData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;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&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String iv </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;r7BXXKkLb8qrSNn05n0qiA==&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; decode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decrypt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(appId, sessionKey, encryptedData, iv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(JSON.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toJSONString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(decode));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> javax.crypto.Cipher;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.security.Security;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.security.spec.AlgorithmParameterSpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.util.Map;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description 微信敏感数据对称解密工具类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @create 2021/4/30 15:32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WeixinDecryptUtils</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 微信加密数据对称解密</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">appId</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">       公众号/小程序id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encryptData</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">   加密数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">iv</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">          加密初始向量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sessionKey</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">    会话密钥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">              解密数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decrypt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">appId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sessionKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encryptData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">iv</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] decodeEncryptData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(encryptData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] decodeIv </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(iv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] decodeSessionKey </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sessionKey);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Security.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addProvider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BouncyCastleProvider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        AlgorithmParameterSpec ivSpec </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IvParameterSpec</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(decodeIv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Cipher cipher </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Cipher.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getInstance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;AES/CBC/PKCS7Padding&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BC&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        SecretKeySpec keySpec </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SecretKeySpec</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(decodeSessionKey, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;AES&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cipher.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec, ivSpec);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] doFinal </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cipher.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doFinal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(decodeEncryptData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(doFinal);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map map </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str, Map.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; watermark </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Map</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">String, Object</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) map.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;watermark&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (watermark </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">appId.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(watermark.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;appid&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RunException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Invalid encrpytedData watermark appId &quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">appId</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,parsed appID &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String)watermark.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;appid&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> map;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String appId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;wx4f4bc4dec97d474b&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String sessionKey </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tiihtNczf5v6AKRyjwEUhQ==&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String encryptedData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;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&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String iv </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;r7BXXKkLb8qrSNn05n0qiA==&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; decode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decrypt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(appId, sessionKey, encryptedData, iv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(JSON.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toJSONString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(decode));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,7),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const D=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{A as __pageData,D as default};
diff --git "a/assets/java_others_\345\276\256\344\277\241\345\260\217\347\250\213\345\272\217\345\212\240\345\257\206\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\257\271\347\247\260\350\247\243\345\257\206\345\267\245\345\205\267\347\261\273.md.35b678f0.lean.js" "b/assets/java_others_\345\276\256\344\277\241\345\260\217\347\250\213\345\272\217\345\212\240\345\257\206\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\257\271\347\247\260\350\247\243\345\257\206\345\267\245\345\205\267\347\261\273.md.35b678f0.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a2f576d7
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/java_others_\345\276\256\344\277\241\345\260\217\347\250\213\345\272\217\345\212\240\345\257\206\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\257\271\347\247\260\350\247\243\345\257\206\345\267\245\345\205\267\347\261\273.md.35b678f0.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const A=JSON.parse('{"title":"微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"java/others/微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类.md","filePath":"java/others/微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"java/others/微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类.md"},o=p("",7),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const D=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{A as __pageData,D as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_applications_Canal\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.32572e80.js" "b/assets/linux_applications_Canal\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.32572e80.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56cd24760
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_applications_Canal\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.32572e80.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as l,c as s,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"canal部署","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/Canal部署.md","filePath":"linux/applications/Canal部署.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"linux/applications/Canal部署.md"},p=e('<h1 id="canal部署" tabindex="-1">canal部署 <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal部署" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal部署&quot;">​</a></h1><p>canal官方仓库:<code>https://github.com/alibaba/canal/</code></p><p>wiki:<code>https://github.com/alibaba/canal/wiki</code></p><p>canal的用途是基于mysql的binlog日志解析，提供增量数据的订阅和消费。简单的场景：通过canal监控mysql数据变更从而及时更新redis中对应的缓存。</p><p>本文主要介绍canal在服务器端的部署，包括<code>canal-admin</code>,<code>canal-tsdb配置</code>以及<code>instance</code>配置。</p><p>首先需要下载canal的发行版，下载地址：<a href="https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E9%87%8C%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%84v1.1.5%E3%80%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BAcentos7%E3%80%82" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases，可自行选择版本，这里直接选择最新的v1.1.5。系统版本为centos7。</a></p><h2 id="canal-admin" tabindex="-1">canal admin <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal-admin" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal admin&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>解压</li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">tar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zxvf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">canal.admin-1.1.5.tar.gz</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/home/install/canal/admin</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">zxvf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">canal.admin-1.1.5.tar.gz</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/home/install/canal/admin</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>执行conf文件夹中的canal_manager.sql建表</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617000438523.png" alt="image-20210617000438523"></p><p>修改conf文件夹中的application.yml</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617001123953.png" alt="image-20210617001123953"></p><ul><li><p>开放admin控制台的端口，以默认的8089为例</p><p>开放端口：<code>firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8089/tcp --permanent</code></p><p>配置立即生效：<code>firewall-cmd --reload</code></p></li></ul></li><li><p>执行bin目录的startup.sh</p></li><li><p>访问8089端口</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617001200010.png" alt="image-20210617001200010"></p></li><li><p>使用默认账号密码 admin/123456即可登录</p></li><li><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617001457272.png" alt="image-20210617001457272"></p></li></ul><blockquote><blockquote><p>canal-admin的核心模型主要有：</p></blockquote><ol><li>instance，对应canal-server里的instance，一个最小的订阅mysql的队列</li><li>server，对应canal-server，一个server里可以包含多个instance</li><li>集群，对应一组canal-server，组合在一起面向高可用HA的运维</li></ol><p>简单解释：</p><ol><li>instance因为是最原始的业务订阅诉求，它会和 server/集群 这两个面向资源服务属性的进行关联，比如instance A绑定到server A上或者集群 A上，</li><li>有了任务和资源的绑定关系后，对应的资源服务就会接收到这个任务配置，在对应的资源上动态加载instance，并提供服务 <ul><li>动态加载的过程，对应配置文件中的autoScan配置，只不过基于canal-admin之后可就以变为远程的web操作，而不需要在机器上运维配置文件</li></ul></li><li>将server抽象成资源之后，原本canal-server运行所需要的canal.properties/instance.properties配置文件就需要在web ui上进行统一运维，每个server只需要以最基本的启动配置 (比如知道一下canal-admin的manager地址，以及访问配置的账号、密码即可)</li></ol></blockquote><ul><li><p>新建server，按照图中配置即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617001928077.png" alt="image-20210617001928077"></p><blockquote><p>配置项：</p><ul><li>所属集群，可以选择为单机 或者 集群。一般单机Server的模式主要用于一次性的任务或者测试任务</li><li>Server名称，唯一即可，方便自己记忆</li><li>Server Ip，机器ip</li><li>admin端口，canal 1.1.4版本新增的能力，会在canal-server上提供远程管理操作，默认值11110</li><li>tcp端口，canal提供netty数据订阅服务的端口</li><li>metric端口， promethues的exporter监控数据端口 (未来会对接监控)</li></ul></blockquote></li></ul><h2 id="canal-deployer" tabindex="-1">canal deployer <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal-deployer" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal deployer&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>解压</li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">tar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xzvf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">canal.deployer-1.1.5.tar.gz</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/home/install/canal/deployer</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xzvf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">canal.deployer-1.1.5.tar.gz</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/home/install/canal/deployer</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>用conf目录下的canal_local.properties替换canal.properties</p></li><li><p>执行bin目录下的startup.sh</p></li><li><p>直接在canal admin的webUI界面中配置instance即可</p><ul><li><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617002844737.png" alt="image-20210617002844737"></li></ul></li></ul>',16),o=[p];function c(t,i,r,d,m,E){return l(),s("div",null,o)}const y=a(n,[["render",c]]);export{h as __pageData,y as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_applications_Canal\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.32572e80.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_applications_Canal\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.32572e80.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..054f49e79
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_applications_Canal\351\203\250\347\275\262.md.32572e80.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as l,c as s,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"canal部署","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/Canal部署.md","filePath":"linux/applications/Canal部署.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"linux/applications/Canal部署.md"},p=e("",16),o=[p];function c(t,i,r,d,m,E){return l(),s("div",null,o)}const y=a(n,[["render",c]]);export{h as __pageData,y as default};
diff --git a/assets/linux_applications_Clash.md.789468ea.js b/assets/linux_applications_Clash.md.789468ea.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..667b76ba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/linux_applications_Clash.md.789468ea.js
@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Clash","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/Clash.md","filePath":"linux/applications/Clash.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"linux/applications/Clash.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="clash" tabindex="-1">Clash <a class="header-anchor" href="#clash" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Clash&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>Repo：<a href="https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash</a></p><p>Premium Binary：<a href="https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases/tag/premium" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases/tag/premium</a></p><p>Configuration：<a href="https://dreamacro.github.io/clash/configuration/configuration-reference.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://dreamacro.github.io/clash/configuration/configuration-reference.html</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="配置" tabindex="-1">配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>下载最新版的premium内核二进制文件</p></li><li><p>编写配置文件</p><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /root/.config/clash/config.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (HTTP and SOCKS5 in one port)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">mixed-port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7890</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RESTful API for clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">external-controller</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">127.0.0.1:9090</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">secret</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">allow-lan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">mode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rule</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">log-level</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">warning</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">tun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">stack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">system</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># system gvisor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">auto-route</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">auto-detect-interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dns-hijack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">any:53</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># DNS hijacking might result in a failure, if the system DNS is at a private IP address (since auto-route does not capture private network traffic).</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">dns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">listen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">0.0.0.0:7874</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipv6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">default-nameserver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">114.114.114.114</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nameserver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">119.29.29.29</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">223.5.5.5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8.8.8.8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">fallback</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://dns.cloudflare.com/dns-query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tls://dns.google:853</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://1.1.1.1/dns-query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enhanced-mode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">fake-ip</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># fake-ip redir-host</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">fake-ip-range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">198.18.0.1/16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">fake-ip-filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.lan&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.localdomain&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.example&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.invalid&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.localhost&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.test&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.local&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.home.arpa&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time.*.gov</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time.*.edu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time.*.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time-ios.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time1.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time2.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time3.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time4.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time5.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time6.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time7.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp1.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp2.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp3.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp4.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp5.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp6.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp7.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.time.edu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.ntp.org.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.pool.ntp.org&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time1.cloud.tencent.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">music.163.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.music.163.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.126.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">musicapi.taihe.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">music.taihe.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">songsearch.kugou.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">trackercdn.kugou.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.kuwo.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">api-jooxtt.sanook.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">api.joox.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">joox.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">y.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.y.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">streamoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mobileoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">isure.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">aqqmusic.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">amobile.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.xiami.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.music.migu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">music.migu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.msftconnecttest.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.msftncsi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost.ptlogin2.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost.sec.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.tencent.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.n.n.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.playstation.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xbox.*.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.*.xboxlive.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xbox.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xnotify.xboxlive.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.battlenet.com.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wotgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wggames.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wowsgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wargaming.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">proxy.golang.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stun.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stun.*.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">heartbeat.belkin.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.linksys.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.linksyssmartwifi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mobileoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">isure.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">aqqmusic.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">amobile.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.xiami.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.music.migu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">music.migu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.msftconnecttest.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.msftncsi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost.ptlogin2.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost.sec.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.tencent.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.n.n.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.playstation.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xbox.*.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.*.xboxlive.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xbox.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xnotify.xboxlive.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.battlenet.com.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wotgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wggames.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wowsgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wargaming.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">proxy.golang.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stun.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stun.*.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">heartbeat.belkin.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.linksys.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.linksyssmartwifi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.router.asus.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mesu.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swscan.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swquery.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swdownload.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swcdn.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swdist.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">lens.l.google.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stun.l.google.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.nflxvideo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.square-enix.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.finalfantasyxiv.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.ffxiv.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.ff14.sdo.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ff.dorado.sdo.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.mcdn.bilivideo.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.media.dssott.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">shark007.net</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Mijia Cloud</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.cmbchina.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.cmbimg.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">local.adguard.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.sandai.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.n0808.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">proxy-providers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">provider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./profile/provider.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">subscription.url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">36000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">health-check</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://www.gstatic.com/generate_204</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">proxy-groups</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">select</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">provider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">rule-providers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/reject.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/reject.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">icloud</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/icloud.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/icloud.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">apple</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/apple.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/apple.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># google:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   type: http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   behavior: domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   url: &quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules@release/google.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   path: ./ruleset/google.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   interval: 86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">proxy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/proxy.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/proxy.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">direct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/direct.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/direct.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/private.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/private.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">gfw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/gfw.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/gfw.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">tld-not-cn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/tld-not-cn.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/tld-not-cn.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">telegramcidr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/telegramcidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/telegramcidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">cncidr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/cncidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/cncidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lancidr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/lancidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/lancidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">applications</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">classical</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/applications.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/applications.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Script Shortcuts enables the use of script in rules mode. By default, DNS resolution takes place for SCRIPT rules. no-resolve can be appended to the rule to prevent the resolution. (i.e.: SCRIPT,quic,DIRECT,no-resolve)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">engine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">expr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># or starlark (10x to 20x slower)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">shortcuts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">quic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">network == &#39;udp&#39; and dst_port == 443</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">resolve_process_name() == &#39;curl&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># curl: resolve_process_path() == &#39;/usr/bin/curl&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">not_common_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dst_port not in [21, 22, 23, 53, 80, 123, 143, 194, 443, 465, 587, 853, 993, 995, 998, 2052, 2053, 2082, 2083, 2086, 2095, 2096, 5222, 5228, 5229, 5230, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888, 8889]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">rules</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SCRIPT,not_common_port,DIRECT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只代理常规端口，常用于防止PT、BT的流量走代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SCRIPT,quic,REJECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DST-PORT,22,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,applications,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DOMAIN,clash.razord.top,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DOMAIN,yacd.haishan.me,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,private,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,reject,REJECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,icloud,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,apple,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - RULE-SET,google,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,proxy,PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,direct,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,lancidr,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,cncidr,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,telegramcidr,PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">GEOIP,LAN,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">GEOIP,CN,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">MATCH,PROXY</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /root/.config/clash/config.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (HTTP and SOCKS5 in one port)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">mixed-port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7890</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RESTful API for clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">external-controller</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">127.0.0.1:9090</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">secret</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">allow-lan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">mode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rule</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">log-level</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">warning</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">tun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">stack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">system</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># system gvisor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">auto-route</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">auto-detect-interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">dns-hijack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">any:53</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># DNS hijacking might result in a failure, if the system DNS is at a private IP address (since auto-route does not capture private network traffic).</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">dns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">listen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">0.0.0.0:7874</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipv6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">default-nameserver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">114.114.114.114</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">nameserver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">119.29.29.29</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">223.5.5.5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8.8.8.8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">fallback</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://dns.cloudflare.com/dns-query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tls://dns.google:853</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://1.1.1.1/dns-query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enhanced-mode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">fake-ip</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># fake-ip redir-host</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">fake-ip-range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">198.18.0.1/16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">fake-ip-filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.lan&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.localdomain&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.example&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.invalid&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.localhost&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.test&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.local&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.home.arpa&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time.*.gov</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time.*.edu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time.*.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time-ios.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time1.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time2.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time3.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time4.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time5.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time6.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time7.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp1.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp2.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp3.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp4.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp5.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp6.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp7.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.time.edu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.ntp.org.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.pool.ntp.org&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time1.cloud.tencent.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">music.163.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.music.163.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.126.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">musicapi.taihe.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">music.taihe.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">songsearch.kugou.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">trackercdn.kugou.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.kuwo.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">api-jooxtt.sanook.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">api.joox.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">joox.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">y.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.y.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">streamoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mobileoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">isure.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">aqqmusic.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">amobile.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.xiami.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.music.migu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">music.migu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.msftconnecttest.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.msftncsi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost.ptlogin2.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost.sec.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.tencent.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.n.n.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.playstation.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xbox.*.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.*.xboxlive.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xbox.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xnotify.xboxlive.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.battlenet.com.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wotgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wggames.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wowsgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wargaming.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">proxy.golang.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stun.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stun.*.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">heartbeat.belkin.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.linksys.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.linksyssmartwifi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mobileoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">isure.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">aqqmusic.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">amobile.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.xiami.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.music.migu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">music.migu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.msftconnecttest.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.msftncsi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost.ptlogin2.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost.sec.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.tencent.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.n.n.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.playstation.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xbox.*.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.*.xboxlive.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xbox.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xnotify.xboxlive.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.battlenet.com.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wotgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wggames.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wowsgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wargaming.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">proxy.golang.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stun.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stun.*.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">heartbeat.belkin.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.linksys.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.linksyssmartwifi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.router.asus.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mesu.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swscan.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swquery.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swdownload.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swcdn.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swdist.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">lens.l.google.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stun.l.google.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.nflxvideo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.square-enix.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.finalfantasyxiv.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.ffxiv.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.ff14.sdo.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ff.dorado.sdo.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.mcdn.bilivideo.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.media.dssott.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">shark007.net</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Mijia Cloud</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.cmbchina.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.cmbimg.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">local.adguard.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.sandai.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.n0808.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">proxy-providers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">provider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./profile/provider.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">subscription.url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">36000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">health-check</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://www.gstatic.com/generate_204</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">proxy-groups</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">select</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">provider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">rule-providers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/reject.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/reject.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">icloud</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/icloud.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/icloud.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">apple</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/apple.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/apple.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># google:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   type: http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   behavior: domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   url: &quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules@release/google.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   path: ./ruleset/google.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   interval: 86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">proxy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/proxy.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/proxy.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">direct</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/direct.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/direct.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/private.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/private.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">gfw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/gfw.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/gfw.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">tld-not-cn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/tld-not-cn.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/tld-not-cn.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">telegramcidr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/telegramcidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/telegramcidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">cncidr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/cncidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/cncidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">lancidr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/lancidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/lancidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">applications</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">classical</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/applications.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/applications.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Script Shortcuts enables the use of script in rules mode. By default, DNS resolution takes place for SCRIPT rules. no-resolve can be appended to the rule to prevent the resolution. (i.e.: SCRIPT,quic,DIRECT,no-resolve)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">engine</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">expr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># or starlark (10x to 20x slower)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">shortcuts</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">quic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">network == &#39;udp&#39; and dst_port == 443</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">resolve_process_name() == &#39;curl&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># curl: resolve_process_path() == &#39;/usr/bin/curl&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">not_common_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dst_port not in [21, 22, 23, 53, 80, 123, 143, 194, 443, 465, 587, 853, 993, 995, 998, 2052, 2053, 2082, 2083, 2086, 2095, 2096, 5222, 5228, 5229, 5230, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888, 8889]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">rules</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SCRIPT,not_common_port,DIRECT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只代理常规端口，常用于防止PT、BT的流量走代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SCRIPT,quic,REJECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DST-PORT,22,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,applications,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DOMAIN,clash.razord.top,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DOMAIN,yacd.haishan.me,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,private,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,reject,REJECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,icloud,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,apple,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - RULE-SET,google,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,proxy,PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,direct,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,lancidr,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,cncidr,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,telegramcidr,PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">GEOIP,LAN,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">GEOIP,CN,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">MATCH,PROXY</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/systemd/system/clash.service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Description=clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ExecStart=/usr/bin/clash -d /root/.config/clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># systemctl daemon-reload</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/systemd/system/clash.service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Description=clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">ExecStart=/usr/bin/clash -d /root/.config/clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># systemctl daemon-reload</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h2 id="管理api" tabindex="-1">管理API <a class="header-anchor" href="#管理api" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;管理API&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>获取代理信息：<code>curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9090/proxies --header &#39;Authorization: Bearer 123456&#39;</code></li><li>获取指定代理信息：<code>curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9090/proxies/{proxyGroupName} --header &#39;Authorization: Bearer 123456&#39;</code></li><li>代理组切换指定节点：<code>curl -X PUT http://127.0.0.1:9090/proxies/{proxyGroupName} --header &#39;Authorization: Bearer 123456&#39; --header &quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot; -d &#39;{&quot;name&quot;: &quot;代理节点名称&quot;}&#39;</code></li></ul>`,6),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const q=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{m as __pageData,q as default};
diff --git a/assets/linux_applications_Clash.md.789468ea.lean.js b/assets/linux_applications_Clash.md.789468ea.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d144fa269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/linux_applications_Clash.md.789468ea.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Clash","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/Clash.md","filePath":"linux/applications/Clash.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"linux/applications/Clash.md"},o=l("",6),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const q=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{m as __pageData,q as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_applications_FFmpeg\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.730e4c39.js" "b/assets/linux_applications_FFmpeg\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.730e4c39.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f385f9c11
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_applications_FFmpeg\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.730e4c39.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as o,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"FFmpeg相关","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/FFmpeg相关.md","filePath":"linux/applications/FFmpeg相关.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"linux/applications/FFmpeg相关.md"},n=p('<h1 id="ffmpeg相关" tabindex="-1">FFmpeg相关 <a class="header-anchor" href="#ffmpeg相关" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;FFmpeg相关&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>FFmpeg: A complete, cross-platform solution to record, convert and stream audio and video.</p></blockquote><h3 id="提取视频文件中的音频文件并输出" tabindex="-1">提取视频文件中的音频文件并输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#提取视频文件中的音频文件并输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;提取视频文件中的音频文件并输出&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ffmpeg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">input.mp4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-vn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-acodec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">libmp3lame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-q:a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/Downlaods/output.mp3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ffmpeg</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">input.mp4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-vn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-acodec</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">libmp3lame</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-q:a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/Downlaods/output.mp3</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>-vn</code>:禁用复制视频流，只提取音频流</li><li><code>-acodec libmp3lame</code>：指定输出使用 LAME MP3 编码器进行编码。</li><li><code>-q:a 0</code>：设置输出音频的质量。<code>0</code> 表示最高品质。</li></ul><h3 id="yt-dlp下载最高质量音频并由ffmpeg输出mp3" tabindex="-1">yt-dlp下载最高质量音频并由ffmpeg输出mp3 <a class="header-anchor" href="#yt-dlp下载最高质量音频并由ffmpeg输出mp3" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;yt-dlp下载最高质量音频并由ffmpeg输出mp3&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yt-dlp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bestaudio</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ffmpeg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-vn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-acodec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">libmp3lame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-q:a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/downloads/output.mp3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yt-dlp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bestaudio</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-o</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ffmpeg</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-vn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-acodec</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">libmp3lame</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-q:a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/downloads/output.mp3</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="yt-dlp下载最高质量视频-音频并合成一个视频" tabindex="-1">yt-dlp下载最高质量视频&amp;音频并合成一个视频 <a class="header-anchor" href="#yt-dlp下载最高质量视频-音频并合成一个视频" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;yt-dlp下载最高质量视频&amp;音频并合成一个视频&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yt-dlp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bestvideo+bestaudio</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/Downloads/output.mp4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--recode-video</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mp4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yt-dlp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bestvideo+bestaudio</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-o</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/Downloads/output.mp4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--recode-video</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mp4</span></span></code></pre></div>',9),e=[n];function t(c,r,y,E,d,i){return a(),o("div",null,e)}const u=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{m as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_applications_FFmpeg\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.730e4c39.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_applications_FFmpeg\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.730e4c39.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6132d356a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_applications_FFmpeg\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.730e4c39.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as o,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"FFmpeg相关","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/FFmpeg相关.md","filePath":"linux/applications/FFmpeg相关.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"linux/applications/FFmpeg相关.md"},n=p("",9),e=[n];function t(c,r,y,E,d,i){return a(),o("div",null,e)}const u=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{m as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git a/assets/linux_applications_Grafana.md.b20e2266.js b/assets/linux_applications_Grafana.md.b20e2266.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6b0ea62b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/linux_applications_Grafana.md.b20e2266.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"Grafana","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/Grafana.md","filePath":"linux/applications/Grafana.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"linux/applications/Grafana.md"},p=l(`<h1 id="grafana" tabindex="-1">Grafana <a class="header-anchor" href="#grafana" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Grafana&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="告警" tabindex="-1">告警 <a class="header-anchor" href="#告警" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;告警&quot;">​</a></h2><p>grafana的告警可以使用Go Template语法来读取内置的变量数据并输出到告警邮件中</p><p>比如alert query从Loki日志中查询，可以同时从日志中提取出自己需要的关键属性作为标签:</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">count_over_time(</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{job=</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&quot;wechat&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">}</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">= </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">订单申请退款失败</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">_</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> orderNo=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">orderNo</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> refundNo=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">refundNo</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">m])</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">count_over_time(</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{job=</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&quot;wechat&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">}</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;">= </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">订单申请退款失败</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">_</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> orderNo=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">orderNo</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> refundNo=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">refundNo</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">m])</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的查询提取了订单号、退款单号的数据，标签会存在<code>_value_string_</code>中，可以使用$values访问，在Summary中填写以下模板：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ with $values }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $k, $v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  订单编号: {{$v.Labels.orderNo}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  退款单号: {{$v.Labels.refundNo}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  服务器实例: {{$v.Labels.instance}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ end }}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ with $values }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $k, $v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  订单编号: {{$v.Labels.orderNo}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  退款单号: {{$v.Labels.refundNo}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  服务器实例: {{$v.Labels.instance}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ end }}</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p><a href="https://community.grafana.com/t/how-to-use-alert-message-templates-in-grafana/67537/3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://community.grafana.com/t/how-to-use-alert-message-templates-in-grafana/67537/3</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="匿名访问" tabindex="-1">匿名访问 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名访问" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名访问&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>首先在Administration中创建新的组织<code>Guest</code></li><li>修改配置文件</li></ul><div class="language-ini vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ini</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># grafana.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[auth.anonymous]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># enable anonymous access</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># specify organization name that should be used for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">org_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = Guest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># specify role for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">org_role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = Viewer</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># mask the Grafana version number for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">hide_version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># grafana.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[auth.anonymous]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># enable anonymous access</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># specify organization name that should be used for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">org_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = Guest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># specify role for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">org_role</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = Viewer</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># mask the Grafana version number for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">hide_version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = true</span></span></code></pre></div>`,11),o=[p];function t(r,c,i,y,d,E){return a(),n("div",null,o)}const F=s(e,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git a/assets/linux_applications_Grafana.md.b20e2266.lean.js b/assets/linux_applications_Grafana.md.b20e2266.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f116f5c0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/linux_applications_Grafana.md.b20e2266.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"Grafana","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/Grafana.md","filePath":"linux/applications/Grafana.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"linux/applications/Grafana.md"},p=l("",11),o=[p];function t(r,c,i,y,d,E){return a(),n("div",null,o)}const F=s(e,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_applications_Linux\344\270\255\344\275\277\347\224\250selenium.md.d9c72365.js" "b/assets/linux_applications_Linux\344\270\255\344\275\277\347\224\250selenium.md.d9c72365.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b3211286
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_applications_Linux\344\270\255\344\275\277\347\224\250selenium.md.d9c72365.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux中使用selenium","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/Linux中使用selenium.md","filePath":"linux/applications/Linux中使用selenium.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"linux/applications/Linux中使用selenium.md"},p=o(`<h1 id="linux中使用selenium" tabindex="-1">Linux中使用selenium <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux中使用selenium" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux中使用selenium&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="安装linux版chrome" tabindex="-1">安装linux版chrome <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装linux版chrome" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装linux版chrome&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="centos" tabindex="-1">centos <a class="header-anchor" href="#centos" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;centos&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm</code></p><p><code>yum install google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm</code></p><h2 id="安装相关库" tabindex="-1">安装相关库 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装相关库" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装相关库&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>yum install mesa-libOSMesa-devel gnu-free-sans-fonts wqy-zenhei-fonts</code></p><h3 id="ubuntu" tabindex="-1">ubuntu <a class="header-anchor" href="#ubuntu" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ubuntu&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb</code><code>sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb </code></p><blockquote><p>安装报错</p><p>dpkg: error processing package google-chrome-stable (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ... Errors were encountered while processing: google-chrome-stable</p></blockquote><p>使用<code>sudo apt-get install -f</code>修复依赖关系，</p><p><em>如果系统中有某个软件包不满足依赖条件,这个命令就会自动修复,将要安装那个软件包依赖的软件包。</em></p><h2 id="安装chromedriver" tabindex="-1">安装chromedriver <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装chromedriver" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装chromedriver&quot;">​</a></h2><p>淘宝源地址：<code>http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/</code></p><p>需要根据不同版本的chrome进行选择下载，比如我安装的chrome是96版本的，那么chromedriver就需要找对应的96版本</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20220104161559216.png" alt="image-20220104161559216"></p><p>这里选择一个最近更新的即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20220104161718088.png" alt="image-20220104161718088"></p><p>这里下载linux版本,下载后解压，把解压后的chromedriver可执行文件移动到path下，例如<code>/usr/bin</code></p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">wget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/96.0.4664.45/chromedriver_linux64.zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">unzip</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">chromedriver_linux64.zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mv</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">chromedriver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">+x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/bin/chromedriver</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/96.0.4664.45/chromedriver_linux64.zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">unzip</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">chromedriver_linux64.zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mv</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">chromedriver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">+x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/bin/chromedriver</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="使用python测试" tabindex="-1">使用python测试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用python测试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用python测试&quot;">​</a></h2><p>linux下无头浏览器模式：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--no-sandbox&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--disable-dev-shm-usage&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">driver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">driver.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.baidu.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./baidu.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;w&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fp:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fp.write(driver.page_source)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--no-sandbox&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--disable-dev-shm-usage&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">driver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">driver.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.baidu.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./baidu.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;w&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fp:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fp.write(driver.page_source)</span></span></code></pre></div>`,23),l=[p];function r(t,c,i,d,E,y){return n(),a("div",null,l)}const h=s(e,[["render",r]]);export{m as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_applications_Linux\344\270\255\344\275\277\347\224\250selenium.md.d9c72365.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_applications_Linux\344\270\255\344\275\277\347\224\250selenium.md.d9c72365.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89319dd74
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_applications_Linux\344\270\255\344\275\277\347\224\250selenium.md.d9c72365.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux中使用selenium","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/Linux中使用selenium.md","filePath":"linux/applications/Linux中使用selenium.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"linux/applications/Linux中使用selenium.md"},p=o("",23),l=[p];function r(t,c,i,d,E,y){return n(),a("div",null,l)}const h=s(e,[["render",r]]);export{m as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_applications_Nginx\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.12a89762.js" "b/assets/linux_applications_Nginx\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.12a89762.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a09f6161
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_applications_Nginx\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.12a89762.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as t,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"nginx配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/Nginx配置.md","filePath":"linux/applications/Nginx配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"linux/applications/Nginx配置.md"},o=e(`<h1 id="nginx配置" tabindex="-1">nginx配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#nginx配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;nginx配置&quot;">​</a></h1><p>记录常用、踩坑的nginx配置内容</p><h2 id="http" tabindex="-1">http <a class="header-anchor" href="#http" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;http&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="upstream" tabindex="-1">upstream <a class="header-anchor" href="#upstream" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;upstream&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>upstream指令主要用于负载均衡，设置一系列的后端服务器</p></blockquote><h3 id="server" tabindex="-1">server <a class="header-anchor" href="#server" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;server&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>server块的指令主要用于指定主机和端口</p></blockquote><h4 id="listen" tabindex="-1">listen <a class="header-anchor" href="#listen" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;listen&quot;">​</a></h4><p>监听的端口号</p><ul><li><p><code>default_server</code>：定义默认的 server 处理没有成功匹配 server_name 的请求，如果没有显式定义，则会选取第一个定义的server作为default_server。</p><ul><li><p>显式定义：<code>listen 80 default_server</code></p></li><li><p>隐式定义</p><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">http</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果没有显式声明 default server 则第一个 server 会被隐式的设为 default server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># _ 并不是重点 __ 也可以 ___也可以</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">403</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 403 forbidden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">www.a.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">http</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果没有显式声明 default server 则第一个 server 会被隐式的设为 default server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">_; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># _ 并不是重点 __ 也可以 ___也可以</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">403</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 403 forbidden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">www.a.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="server-name" tabindex="-1">server_name <a class="header-anchor" href="#server-name" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;server_name&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p><code>server_name storyxc.com</code>：完整匹配</p></li><li><p><code>server_name *.storyxc.com</code>：<code>*</code>开始的通配符匹配</p><ul><li>特殊情况：<code>.storyxc.com</code>能同时匹配<code>storyxc.com</code>和<code>*.storyxc.com</code></li></ul><blockquote><p>A wildcard name may contain an asterisk only on the name’s start or end, and only on a dot border. The names “<code>www.*.example.org</code>” and “<code>w*.example.org</code>” are invalid. However, these names can be specified using regular expressions, for example, “<code>~^www\\..+\\.example\\.org$</code>” and “<code>~^w.*\\.example\\.org$</code>”. An asterisk can match several name parts. The name “<code>*.example.org</code>” matches not only <code>www.example.org</code> but <code>www.sub.example.org</code> as well.</p><p>A special wildcard name in the form “<code>.example.org</code>” can be used to match both the exact name “<code>example.org</code>” and the wildcard name “<code>*.example.org</code>”.</p></blockquote></li><li><p><code>server_name mail.* </code>：<code>*</code>结尾的通配符匹配</p></li><li><p><code>server_name ~^(?&lt;user&gt;.+)\\.storyxc\\.com$</code>第一个匹配的正则表达式（按照配置文件中出现的顺序）</p></li><li><p><code>server_name _</code>：通常使用<code>_</code>作为<code>default server</code>的server_name</p></li></ul><h3 id="location" tabindex="-1">location <a class="header-anchor" href="#location" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;location&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>location块用于匹配网页位置</p></blockquote><h4 id="匹配规则" tabindex="-1">匹配规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匹配规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匹配规则&quot;">​</a></h4><p>location支持正则表达式匹配，也支持条件判断匹配</p><p>语法规则：<code> location [=|~|~*|^~] /uri/ { … }</code></p><ul><li><code>=</code>：完全精确匹配</li><li><code>^~</code>：表示uri以某个常规字符串开头，理解为匹配url路径即可，nginx不对url进行编码</li><li><code>~</code>：表示区分大小写的正则匹配</li><li><code>~*</code>：表示不区分大小写的正则匹配</li><li><code>!~</code>：区分大小写不匹配</li><li><code>!~*</code>：不区分大小写不匹配</li><li><code>/</code>：通用匹配，优先级最低</li></ul><p>匹配顺序：<code>=</code>最高，正则匹配其次（按照规则顺序），通用匹配<code>/</code>最低，匹配成功时停止匹配按照当前规则处理请求</p><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">~</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">.*\\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 匹配所有扩展名以.gif、.jpg、.jpeg、.png、.bmp、.swf结尾的静态文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> root </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/wwwroot/xxx;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># expires用来指定静态文件的过期时间，这里是30天</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> expires </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">30d;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">~</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.*\\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 匹配所有扩展名以.gif、.jpg、.jpeg、.png、.bmp、.swf结尾的静态文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> root </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/wwwroot/xxx;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># expires用来指定静态文件的过期时间，这里是30天</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> expires </span><span style="color:#24292E;">30d;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">~</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">^/(upload|html)/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 匹配所有/upload /html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">	root </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/web/wwwroot/www.cszhi.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">	expires </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">30d;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">~</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">^/(upload|html)/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 匹配所有/upload /html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">	root </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/web/wwwroot/www.cszhi.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">	expires </span><span style="color:#24292E;">30d;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="location和proxy-pass是否带-的影响" tabindex="-1">location和proxy_pass是否带<code>/</code>的影响 <a class="header-anchor" href="#location和proxy-pass是否带-的影响" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;location和proxy_pass是否带\`/\`的影响&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/xqin/nginx-proxypass-server-paths" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/xqin/nginx-proxypass-server-paths</a></p></blockquote><table><thead><tr><th>Case #</th><th>Nginx location</th><th>proxy_pass URL</th><th>Test URL</th><th>Path received</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>01</td><td>/test01</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080</a></td><td>/test01/abc/test</td><td>/test01/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>02</td><td>/test02</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/</a></td><td>/test02/abc/test</td><td>//abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>03</td><td>/test03/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080</a></td><td>/test03/abc/test</td><td>/test03/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>04</td><td>/test04/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/</a></td><td>/test04/abc/test</td><td>/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>05</td><td>/test05</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1</a></td><td>/test05/abc/test</td><td>/app1/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>06</td><td>/test06</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1/</a></td><td>/test06/abc/test</td><td>/app1//abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>07</td><td>/test07/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1</a></td><td>/test07/abc/test</td><td>/app1abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>08</td><td>/test08/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1/</a></td><td>/test08/abc/test</td><td>/app1/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>09</td><td>/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080</a></td><td>/test09/abc/test</td><td>/test09/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/</a></td><td>/test10/abc/test</td><td>/test10/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1</a></td><td>/test11/abc/test</td><td>/app1test11/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app2/</a></td><td>/test12/abc/test</td><td>/app2/test12/abc/test</td></tr></tbody></table><h4 id="root和alias区别" tabindex="-1">root和alias区别 <a class="header-anchor" href="#root和alias区别" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;root和alias区别&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>alias指定的是准确目录，且最后必须是<code>/</code>，否则就会访问失败</li><li>root是指定目录的上级目录</li></ul><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/abc </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> root </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/wwwroot/aaa;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 此规则匹配的最终资源路径为/wwwroot/aaa/abc/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果访问的是/abc/a.html,则最终访问的资源是服务器中的/wwwroot/aaa/abc/a.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> index </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/abc </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> alias </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/wwwroot/aaa/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 此规则匹配的最终资源路径为/wwwroot/aaa/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果访问的是/abc/b.txt，则最终访问的资源是/wwwroot/aaa/b.txt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> index </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/abc </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> root </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/wwwroot/aaa;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> 	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 此规则匹配的最终资源路径为/wwwroot/aaa/abc/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果访问的是/abc/a.html,则最终访问的资源是服务器中的/wwwroot/aaa/abc/a.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> index </span><span style="color:#24292E;">index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/abc </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> alias </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/wwwroot/aaa/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 此规则匹配的最终资源路径为/wwwroot/aaa/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果访问的是/abc/b.txt，则最终访问的资源是/wwwroot/aaa/b.txt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> index </span><span style="color:#24292E;">index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="访问静态资源重定向问题" tabindex="-1">访问静态资源重定向问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#访问静态资源重定向问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;访问静态资源重定向问题&quot;">​</a></h4><p>当nginx监听的不是80端口时，访问文件夹且末尾不是<code>/</code>，则nginx会进行301永久重定向，此时会丢掉客户端访问时的端口号，可以通过以下配置解决，作用是将不以 <code>/</code> 结尾的目录 URL 重定向至以 <code>/</code> 结尾的目录 URL。使用 <code>-d</code> 判断 <code>$request_filename</code> 是否为一个目录，如果是，则使用 <code>rewrite</code> 指令进行重写。其中，<code>[^/]$</code> 表示匹配不以 <code>/</code> 结尾的 URL，即目录 URL，<code>$scheme://$http_host$uri/</code> 表示重定向目标 URL，其中使用了 <code>$scheme</code> 变量表示客户端请求所使用的协议（HTTP 或 HTTPS）、<code>$http_host</code> 变量表示客户端请求的 HOST 头部信息、<code>$uri</code> 变量表示客户端请求的 URI。</p><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-d </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$request_filename) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">rewrite</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">^/]$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $scheme://$http_host$uri/ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">permanent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> try_files </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$uri $uri/ /index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-d </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$request_filename) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rewrite</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">^/]$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $scheme://$http_host$uri/ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">permanent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> try_files </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$uri $uri/ /index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="变量" tabindex="-1">变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量&quot;">​</a></h2><table><thead><tr><th>变量名</th><th>作用</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>$scheme</td><td>请求使用的协议 (http 或 https)</td></tr><tr><td>$host</td><td>当前请求的主机名，不包括端口号。</td></tr><tr><td>$http_host</td><td>完整的HTTP主机头，包括主机名和端口号。</td></tr><tr><td>$request_uri</td><td>完整的请求 URI,包括查询字符串</td></tr><tr><td>$uri</td><td>当前请求的 URI (不包含请求参数)</td></tr><tr><td>$args</td><td>当前请求的参数部分,不包括问号</td></tr><tr><td>$request_method</td><td>当前请求的方法 (GET、POST 等)</td></tr><tr><td>$remote_addr</td><td>客户端 IP 地址</td></tr><tr><td>$server_addr</td><td>服务器 IP 地址</td></tr><tr><td>$server_name</td><td>当前请求的服务器名称</td></tr><tr><td>$server_protocol</td><td>服务器使用的协议版本</td></tr><tr><td>$request_filename</td><td>当前请求的文件路径和名称</td></tr><tr><td>$document_root</td><td>当前请求的根目录</td></tr><tr><td>$is_args</td><td>如果请求包含参数部分，值为 ?，否则为空字符串</td></tr><tr><td>$query_string</td><td>当前请求的查询字符串部分,包括问号（?）</td></tr><tr><td>$http_user_agent</td><td>客户端发送的 User-Agent 头部信息</td></tr><tr><td>$http_referer</td><td>客户端发送的 Referer 头部信息</td></tr><tr><td>$http_cookie</td><td>客户端发送的 Cookie 头部信息</td></tr><tr><td>$remote_port</td><td>客户端端口号</td></tr><tr><td>$server_port</td><td>服务器端口号</td></tr><tr><td>$realpath_root</td><td>请求根目录的实际路径</td></tr><tr><td>$content_type</td><td>请求的内容类型</td></tr><tr><td>$content_length</td><td>请求的内容长度</td></tr><tr><td>$request_body</td><td>请求的主体内容</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="proxy-set-header" tabindex="-1">proxy_set_header <a class="header-anchor" href="#proxy-set-header" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;proxy_set_header&quot;">​</a></h2><table><thead><tr><th>配置指令</th><th>作用</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header Host $host;</code></td><td>设置代理请求的主机头，通常用于传递客户端的原始主机头。<code>$http_host</code>传递包含端口号。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;</code></td><td>设置代理请求的客户端真实IP地址，用于传递客户端的真实IP地址给后端服务器。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;</code></td><td>用于将客户端的原始IP地址添加到<code>X-Forwarded-For</code>头中，以便后端服务器知道请求的真实来源。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;</code></td><td>设置代理请求的协议（HTTP或HTTPS），以便后端服务器知道请求的协议类型。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header User-Agent $http_user_agent;</code></td><td>传递客户端的User-Agent头，用于识别客户端的浏览器或应用程序。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header Referer $http_referer;</code></td><td>传递客户端的Referer头，通常用于跟踪页面来源。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;</code></td><td>传递客户端的Cookie头，以便后端服务器可以访问客户端的Cookie数据。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header Connection &quot;&quot;;</code></td><td>清除代理请求的Connection头，通常用于避免代理干扰连接的管理。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;</code></td><td>用于处理WebSocket连接的Upgrade头，通常与WebSocket代理一起使用。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;</code></td><td>用于设置<code>X-Frame-Options</code>头，控制网页是否可以嵌套在其他网页中显示。</td></tr></tbody></table>`,34),l=[o];function p(r,c,d,i,E,y){return a(),t("div",null,l)}const b=s(n,[["render",p]]);export{_ as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_applications_Nginx\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.12a89762.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_applications_Nginx\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.12a89762.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8afbfe11
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_applications_Nginx\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.12a89762.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as t,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"nginx配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/Nginx配置.md","filePath":"linux/applications/Nginx配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"linux/applications/Nginx配置.md"},o=e("",34),l=[o];function p(r,c,d,i,E,y){return a(),t("div",null,l)}const b=s(n,[["render",p]]);export{_ as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git a/assets/linux_applications_iptables.md.b2bc0132.js b/assets/linux_applications_iptables.md.b2bc0132.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d095ef0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/linux_applications_iptables.md.b2bc0132.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"iptables","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/iptables.md","filePath":"linux/applications/iptables.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/applications/iptables.md"},n=p(`<h1 id="iptables" tabindex="-1">iptables <a class="header-anchor" href="#iptables" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iptables&quot;">​</a></h1><p>iptables是一个用户级程序，用于操作内核级的网络模块<code>netfilter</code></p><h2 id="表和链" tabindex="-1">表和链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#表和链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;表和链&quot;">​</a></h2><p>iptables的功能由表的形式呈现，每张表由若干个链组成，每个链可以分配一组规则</p><p>iptables有五张内建表，按照优先级高到底分别是：Raw、Mangle、NAT、Filter、Security</p><h3 id="raw" tabindex="-1">Raw <a class="header-anchor" href="#raw" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Raw&quot;">​</a></h3><p>此表负责数据包标记，决定数据包是否被状态跟踪机制处理，Raw表有2个内建链</p><ul><li>PREROUTING：用于通过任何网络接口到达的数据包</li><li>OUTPUT：针对本地进程产生的数据包</li></ul><h3 id="mangle" tabindex="-1">Mangle <a class="header-anchor" href="#mangle" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Mangle&quot;">​</a></h3><p>此表负责更改数据包内容,Mangle表有5个内建链</p><ul><li>PREROUTING</li><li>OUTPUT</li><li>FORWARD</li><li>INPUT</li><li>POSTROUTING</li></ul><h3 id="nat" tabindex="-1">NAT <a class="header-anchor" href="#nat" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;NAT&quot;">​</a></h3><p>此表负责数据包的ip地址转换，NAT表有3种内建链</p><ul><li>PREROUTING：处理刚到达本机并在路由转发前的数据包。它会转换数据包中的目标IP地址（destination ip address），通常用于DNAT(destination NAT)。</li><li>POSTROUTING：处理即将离开本机的数据包。它会转换数据包中的源IP地址（source ip address），通常用于SNAT（source NAT）。</li><li>OUTPUT：处理本机产生的数据包。</li></ul><h3 id="filter" tabindex="-1">Filter <a class="header-anchor" href="#filter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Filter&quot;">​</a></h3><p>此表负责过滤数据包，iptables的默认表，具有3种内建链</p><ul><li>INPUT：处理来自外部的数据。</li><li>OUTPUT：处理向外发送的数据。</li><li>FORWARD：将数据转发到本机的其他网卡设备上。</li></ul><h3 id="security" tabindex="-1">Security <a class="header-anchor" href="#security" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Security&quot;">​</a></h3><p>新加入的特性，用于强制访问控制（MAC）网络规则，有3种内建链</p><ul><li>INPUT</li><li>OUTPUT</li><li>FORWARD</li></ul><h2 id="iptables数据包处理流程图" tabindex="-1">iptables数据包处理流程图 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iptables数据包处理流程图" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iptables数据包处理流程图&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/v2-6c9358844d8f440486551d925dfe36b5_1440w.jpg" alt="v2-6c9358844d8f440486551d925dfe36b5_1440w"></p><h2 id="iptables语法" tabindex="-1">iptables语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iptables语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iptables语法&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>iptables [-t 表名] 命令选项 [链名] [匹配条件] [-j 策略] </code></p><p>iptables命令包含五个部分</p><ul><li><p>表名：要操作的表，不指定时默认操作Filter表</p></li><li><p>链名：要操作的链，不指定链时默认表内所有链</p></li><li><p>命令选项：要进行的操作</p></li><li><p>匹配条件：定义规则适用哪些数据包（匹配哪些数据包）</p></li><li><p>策略：匹配数据的目标执行的操作，说白了就是packet匹配上规则后该干嘛</p></li></ul><h3 id="常见的命令选项" tabindex="-1">常见的命令选项 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常见的命令选项" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常见的命令选项&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>-A 在指定链的末尾添加（append）一条新的规则</li><li>-D 删除（delete）指定链中的某一条规则，可以按规则序号和内容删除</li><li>-I 在指定链中插入（insert）一条新的规则，默认在第一行添加</li><li>-R 修改、替换（replace）指定链中的某一条规则，可以按规则序号和内容替换</li><li>-L 列出（list）指定链中所有的规则进行查看</li><li>-E 重命名用户定义的链，不改变链本身</li><li>-F 清空（flush）</li><li>-N 新建（new-chain）一条用户自己定义的规则链</li><li>-X 删除指定表中用户自定义的规则链（delete-chain）</li><li>-P 设置指定链的默认策略（policy）</li><li>-Z 将所有表的所有链的字节和数据包计数器清零</li><li>-n 使用数字形式（numeric）显示输出结果</li><li>-v 查看规则表详细信息（verbose）的信息</li><li>-V 查看版本(version)</li><li>-h 获取帮助（help）</li></ul><h3 id="常见策略-target" tabindex="-1">常见策略（target） <a class="header-anchor" href="#常见策略-target" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常见策略（target）&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>ACCEPT：允许数据包通过。</p></li><li><p>DROP：直接丢弃数据包，不给任何回应信息，这时候客户端会感觉自己的请求泥牛入海了，过了超时时间才会有反应。</p></li><li><p>REJECT：拒绝数据包通过，必要时会给数据发送端一个响应的信息，客户端刚请求就会收到拒绝的信息。</p></li><li><p>SNAT：源地址转换，解决内网用户用同一个公网地址上网的问题。</p></li><li><p>MASQUERADE：是SNAT的一种特殊形式，适用于动态的、临时会变的ip上。</p></li><li><p>DNAT：目标地址转换。</p></li><li><p>REDIRECT：在本机做端口映射。</p></li></ul><h3 id="添加规则" tabindex="-1">添加规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#添加规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;添加规则&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>-A：在链的末尾追加一条规则，例如<code>iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.1 -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT</code></li><li>-I：在链的开头（或指定序号）插入一条规则，例如<code>iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -j ACCEPT</code>或<code>iptables -I INPUT 2 -p tcp -j ACCEPT</code></li></ul><h3 id="查看规则" tabindex="-1">查看规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看规则&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>-L：列出所有规则</p></li><li><p>-n：以数字形式显示地址、端口等信息</p></li><li><p>-v：显示更详细规则信息</p></li><li><p>--line-numbers：显示规则序号</p></li></ul><h3 id="删除规则" tabindex="-1">删除规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除规则&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>删除nat表INPUT链的第三条规则：<code>iptables -t nat -D INPUT 3</code></p></li><li><p>清空nat表所有规则：<code>iptables -t nat -F</code></p></li></ul><h3 id="给指定的链设置默认策略" tabindex="-1">给指定的链设置默认策略 <a class="header-anchor" href="#给指定的链设置默认策略" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给指定的链设置默认策略&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>iptables -t filter -P FORWARD DROP</code></li></ul><h3 id="通用匹配" tabindex="-1">通用匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通用匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通用匹配&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="协议匹配-p-protocol" tabindex="-1">协议匹配 -p（protocol） <a class="header-anchor" href="#协议匹配-p-protocol" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协议匹配 -p（protocol）&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>指定规则的协议，如tcp, udp, icmp等，可以使用<strong>all</strong>来指定所有协议。</li><li>如果不指定**-p<strong>参数，则默认是</strong>all**值。这并不明智，请总是明确指定协议名称。</li><li>可以使用协议名(如tcp)，或者是协议值（比如6代表tcp）来指定协议。映射关系请查看/etc/protocols</li><li>还可以使用**–protocol<strong>参数代替</strong>-p**参数</li></ul><h4 id="地址匹配-s-d" tabindex="-1">地址匹配 -s -d： <a class="header-anchor" href="#地址匹配-s-d" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;地址匹配 -s -d：&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="s-源地址" tabindex="-1">-s 源地址 <a class="header-anchor" href="#s-源地址" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-s 源地址&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>指定数据包的源地址</li><li>参数可以使IP地址、网络地址、主机名</li><li>例如：-s 192.168.1.101指定IP地址</li><li>例如：-s 192.168.1.10/24指定网络地址</li><li>如果不指定-s参数，就代表所有地址</li><li>还可以使用**–src<strong>或者</strong>–source**</li></ul><h5 id="d-目标地址" tabindex="-1">-d 目标地址 <a class="header-anchor" href="#d-目标地址" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-d 目标地址&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>指定目的地址</li><li>参数和**-s**相同</li><li>还可以使用**–dst<strong>或者</strong>–destination**</li></ul><h4 id="接口匹配-i-o" tabindex="-1">接口匹配 -i -o <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口匹配-i-o" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口匹配 -i -o&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="i-输入接口-input-interface" tabindex="-1">-i 输入接口（input interface） <a class="header-anchor" href="#i-输入接口-input-interface" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-i 输入接口（input interface）&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><strong>-i</strong>代表输入接口(input interface)</li><li><strong>-i</strong>指定了要处理来自哪个接口的数据包</li><li>这些数据包即将进入INPUT, FORWARD, PREROUTE链</li><li>例如：<strong>-i eth0</strong>指定了要处理经由eth0进入的数据包</li><li>如果不指定**-i**参数，那么将处理进入所有接口的数据包</li><li>如果出现**!** -i eth0，那么将处理所有经由<strong>eth0以外的接口</strong>进入的数据包</li><li>如果出现-i eth**+<strong>，那么将处理所有经由</strong>eth开头的接口**进入的数据包</li><li>还可以使用**–in-interface**参数</li></ul><h5 id="o-输出-out-interface" tabindex="-1">-o 输出（out interface） <a class="header-anchor" href="#o-输出-out-interface" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-o 输出（out interface）&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><strong>-o</strong>代表”output interface”</li><li><strong>-o</strong>指定了数据包由哪个接口输出</li><li>这些数据包即将进入FORWARD, OUTPUT, POSTROUTING链</li><li>如果不指定**-o**选项，那么系统上的所有接口都可以作为输出接口</li><li>如果出现**!** -o eth0，那么将从<strong>eth0以外的接口</strong>输出</li><li>如果出现-i eth**+<strong>，那么将仅从</strong>eth开头的接口**输出</li><li>还可以使用**–out-interface**参数</li></ul><h3 id="隐含匹配" tabindex="-1">隐含匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#隐含匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;隐含匹配&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="端口匹配" tabindex="-1">端口匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#端口匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;端口匹配&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="–sport-源端口-source-port-针对-p-tcp-或者-p-udp" tabindex="-1">-–sport 源端口（source port） 针对-p tcp 或者 -p udp <a class="header-anchor" href="#–sport-源端口-source-port-针对-p-tcp-或者-p-udp" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-–sport 源端口（source port） 针对-p tcp 或者 -p udp&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>缺省情况下，将匹配所有端口</li><li>可以指定端口号或者端口名称，例如”–sport 22″与”–sport ssh”。</li><li>/etc/services文件描述了上述映射关系。</li><li>从性能上讲，使用端口号更好</li><li>使用冒号可以匹配端口范围，如”–sport 22:100″</li><li>还可以使用”–source-port”</li></ul><h5 id="–-dport-目的端口-destination-port-针对-p-tcp-或者-p-udp" tabindex="-1">–-dport 目的端口（destination port） 针对-p tcp 或者 -p udp <a class="header-anchor" href="#–-dport-目的端口-destination-port-针对-p-tcp-或者-p-udp" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;–-dport 目的端口（destination port） 针对-p tcp 或者 -p udp&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>参数和–sport类似</li><li>还可以使用”–destination-port”</li></ul><h5 id="–tcp-flags-tcp标志-针对-p-tcp" tabindex="-1">-–tcp-flags TCP标志 针对-p tcp <a class="header-anchor" href="#–tcp-flags-tcp标志-针对-p-tcp" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-–tcp-flags TCP标志 针对-p tcp&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>可以指定由逗号分隔的多个参数</li><li>有效值可以是：SYN, ACK, FIN, RST, URG, PSH</li><li>可以使用<strong>ALL</strong>或者<strong>NONE</strong></li></ul><h5 id="–icmp-type-icmp类型-针对-p-icmp" tabindex="-1">-–icmp-type ICMP类型 针对-p icmp <a class="header-anchor" href="#–icmp-type-icmp类型-针对-p-icmp" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-–icmp-type ICMP类型 针对-p icmp&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>–icmp-type 0 表示Echo Reply</li><li>–icmp-type 8 表示Echo</li></ul><h3 id="显式匹配" tabindex="-1">显式匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#显式匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;显式匹配&quot;">​</a></h3><p>多端口匹配 -m multiport --sport 源端口列表 -m multiport --dport 目的端口列表 IP范围匹配 -m iprange --src-range IP范围 MAC地址匹配 -m mac –mac1-source MAC地址 状态匹配 -m state --state 连接状态</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multiport</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--dport</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">25</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,80,110,143</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">FORWARD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iprange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--src-range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.4.21-192.168.4.28</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mac</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--mac-source</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">00</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:0c:29:c0:55:3f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DROP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-P</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DROP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-I</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multiport</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--dport</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">-82,85</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-I</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">state</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--state</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ACCEPT</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">multiport</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--dport</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">25</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,80,110,143</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">FORWARD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iprange</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--src-range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.4.21-192.168.4.28</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mac</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--mac-source</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">00</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:0c:29:c0:55:3f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DROP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-P</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DROP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-I</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">multiport</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--dport</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#032F62;">-82,85</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-I</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">state</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--state</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ACCEPT</span></span></code></pre></div>`,65),t=[n];function e(r,i,c,E,y,h){return a(),l("div",null,t)}const F=s(o,[["render",e]]);export{u as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git a/assets/linux_applications_iptables.md.b2bc0132.lean.js b/assets/linux_applications_iptables.md.b2bc0132.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..520ad7878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/linux_applications_iptables.md.b2bc0132.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"iptables","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/iptables.md","filePath":"linux/applications/iptables.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/applications/iptables.md"},n=p("",65),t=[n];function e(r,i,c,E,y,h){return a(),l("div",null,t)}const F=s(o,[["render",e]]);export{u as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_applications_screen\347\232\204\350\277\233\351\230\266\347\224\250\346\263\225.md.6e808b0c.js" "b/assets/linux_applications_screen\347\232\204\350\277\233\351\230\266\347\224\250\346\263\225.md.6e808b0c.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0594514c8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_applications_screen\347\232\204\350\277\233\351\230\266\347\224\250\346\263\225.md.6e808b0c.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"screen的进阶用法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/screen的进阶用法.md","filePath":"linux/applications/screen的进阶用法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/applications/screen的进阶用法.md"},p=l(`<h1 id="screen的进阶用法" tabindex="-1">screen的进阶用法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#screen的进阶用法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;screen的进阶用法&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="以detatch模式创建daemon会话" tabindex="-1">以detatch模式创建daemon会话 <a class="header-anchor" href="#以detatch模式创建daemon会话" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;以detatch模式创建daemon会话&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>screen -dmS &lt;name&gt;</code></p><h2 id="向会话窗口中发送文本" tabindex="-1">向会话窗口中发送文本 <a class="header-anchor" href="#向会话窗口中发送文本" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;向会话窗口中发送文本&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>screen -S &lt;name&gt; -X stuff &lt;text&gt;</code></p><p>例如：<code>screen -S &lt;name&gt; -X stuff abc</code>，当attach之后，窗口中已经有了abc</p><p>如果想执行命令：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nam</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">e</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&lt;command&gt; \\n&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nam</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">e</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&lt;command&gt; \\r&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">centos</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$&#39;&lt;command&gt; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">new_screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cd /dir</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nam</span><span style="color:#24292E;">e</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&lt;command&gt; \\n&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nam</span><span style="color:#24292E;">e</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&lt;command&gt; \\r&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">centos</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">$&#39;&lt;command&gt; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">new_screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cd /dir</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="清理screen窗口" tabindex="-1">清理screen窗口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#清理screen窗口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;清理screen窗口&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>screen -S &lt;name&gt; -X quit</code></p>`,10),e=[p];function t(c,r,y,E,F,i){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const C=s(o,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_applications_screen\347\232\204\350\277\233\351\230\266\347\224\250\346\263\225.md.6e808b0c.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_applications_screen\347\232\204\350\277\233\351\230\266\347\224\250\346\263\225.md.6e808b0c.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23c24abdc
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_applications_screen\347\232\204\350\277\233\351\230\266\347\224\250\346\263\225.md.6e808b0c.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"screen的进阶用法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/applications/screen的进阶用法.md","filePath":"linux/applications/screen的进阶用法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/applications/screen的进阶用法.md"},p=l("",10),e=[p];function t(c,r,y,E,F,i){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const C=s(o,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_ArchLinux\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.a2640c72.js" "b/assets/linux_env_ArchLinux\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.a2640c72.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..213fe9e0f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_ArchLinux\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.a2640c72.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"ArchLinux安装","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/ArchLinux安装.md","filePath":"linux/env/ArchLinux安装.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/env/ArchLinux安装.md"},p=l(`<h1 id="archlinux安装" tabindex="-1">ArchLinux安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#archlinux安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ArchLinux安装&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>安装指南：<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Installation_guide" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Installation_guide</a></p><p>镜像下载：<a href="https://archlinux.org/download/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://archlinux.org/download/</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="使用uefi模式引导" tabindex="-1">使用UEFI模式引导 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用uefi模式引导" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用UEFI模式引导&quot;">​</a></h2><p>禁用Secure Boot</p><h2 id="安装" tabindex="-1">安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装&quot;">​</a></h2><h4 id="使用ssh连接操作" tabindex="-1">使用ssh连接操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用ssh连接操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用ssh连接操作&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>ip add</code>查看当前ip</p><p><code>passwd</code>修改密码</p><h4 id="设置镜像-可选" tabindex="-1">设置镜像（可选) <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置镜像-可选" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置镜像（可选)&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-c</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">China</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--sort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-c</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">China</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--sort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflector</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-c</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">China</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--sort</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--save</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflector</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-c</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">China</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--sort</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--save</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="文件系统" tabindex="-1">文件系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文件系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文件系统&quot;">​</a></h4><p>查看磁盘设备情况<code>fdisk -l</code> 或 <code>lsblk</code>，以rom、loop、airoot结尾的设备可以忽略</p><h5 id="磁盘分区" tabindex="-1">磁盘分区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#磁盘分区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;磁盘分区&quot;">​</a></h5><blockquote><p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/EFI_system_partition" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/EFI_system_partition</a></p></blockquote><p>arch linux推荐的分区表设置</p><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;">挂载点</th><th style="text-align:center;">分区</th><th style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table#Partition_type_GUIDs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">分区类型</a></th><th style="text-align:center;">建议大小</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/mnt/boot</code></td><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/dev/efi_system_partition</code></td><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/EFI_system_partition" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">EFI system partition</a></td><td style="text-align:center;">At least 300 MiB. If multiple kernels will be installed, then no less than 1 GiB.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><code>[SWAP]</code></td><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/dev/*swap_partition</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">Linux swap</td><td style="text-align:center;">More than 512 MiB</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/mnt</code></td><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/dev/root_partition</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">Linux x86-64 root (/)</td><td style="text-align:center;">Remainder of the device</td></tr></tbody></table><h6 id="操作" tabindex="-1">操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;操作&quot;">​</a></h6><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">fdisk</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将磁盘分区表设置为GPT格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新增一个分区，分区号默认会递增，直接回车，起始扇区直接回车按默认值，结束输入+300M并回车，标识分区大小为300M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重复新建分区操作，创建好3个空间大小分别为300M、1G、剩余全部空间的三个分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更改分区类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重复t操作 把1、2、3分区分别改为1（EFI System Partition)、19（SWAP）、23（linux x86-64 root)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">w</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 写入保存分区表</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fdisk</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将磁盘分区表设置为GPT格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新增一个分区，分区号默认会递增，直接回车，起始扇区直接回车按默认值，结束输入+300M并回车，标识分区大小为300M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重复新建分区操作，创建好3个空间大小分别为300M、1G、剩余全部空间的三个分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更改分区类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重复t操作 把1、2、3分区分别改为1（EFI System Partition)、19（SWAP）、23（linux x86-64 root)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">w</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 写入保存分区表</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="磁盘格式化" tabindex="-1">磁盘格式化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#磁盘格式化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;磁盘格式化&quot;">​</a></h5><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkfs.fat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-F</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkswap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkfs.ext4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkfs.fat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-F</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkswap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkfs.ext4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda3</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="分区挂载到文件系统" tabindex="-1">分区挂载到文件系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分区挂载到文件系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分区挂载到文件系统&quot;">​</a></h5><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/boot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/boot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#创建/mnt/boot目录供挂载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">swapon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 挂载swap</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mount</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/boot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mount</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/boot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#创建/mnt/boot目录供挂载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">swapon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 挂载swap</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="安装基本软件包" tabindex="-1">安装基本软件包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装基本软件包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装基本软件包&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pacstrap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">base</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linux</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linux-firmware</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Sy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vim</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pacstrap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-K</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">base</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linux</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linux-firmware</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pacman</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Sy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pacman</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vim</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="生成fstab" tabindex="-1">生成fstab <a class="header-anchor" href="#生成fstab" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生成fstab&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">genfstab</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-U</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/etc/fstab</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/etc/fstab</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">genfstab</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-U</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/etc/fstab</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/etc/fstab</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="更换当前根目录到硬盘上的系统" tabindex="-1">更换当前根目录到硬盘上的系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#更换当前根目录到硬盘上的系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;更换当前根目录到硬盘上的系统&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Chroot" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Chroot</a></p></blockquote><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">arch-chroot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">arch-chroot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="调整时区" tabindex="-1">调整时区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#调整时区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;调整时区&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ln</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-sf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/localtime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 切换时区到东8区 或者timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hwclock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--systohc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将系统时间同步到硬件时钟 生成/etc/adjtime文件</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ln</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-sf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/localtime</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 切换时区到东8区 或者timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hwclock</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--systohc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将系统时间同步到硬件时钟 生成/etc/adjtime文件</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="编辑-etc-locale-gen配置本地化" tabindex="-1">编辑/etc/locale.gen配置本地化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#编辑-etc-locale-gen配置本地化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编辑/etc/locale.gen配置本地化&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/locale.gen</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将en_US.UTF-8和zh_CN.UTF-8注释去掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">locale-gen</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/locale.gen</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将en_US.UTF-8和zh_CN.UTF-8注释去掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">locale-gen</span></span></code></pre></div><p>创建<code>/etc/locale.conf</code>文件并编辑</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#/etc/locale.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">LANG</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">en_US.UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#/etc/locale.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">LANG</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">en_US.UTF-8</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="主机名" tabindex="-1">主机名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#主机名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;主机名&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;archlinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/hostname</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;archlinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/hostname</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="设置密码" tabindex="-1">设置密码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置密码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置密码&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">passwd</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">passwd</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="引导程序" tabindex="-1">引导程序 <a class="header-anchor" href="#引导程序" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;引导程序&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dosfstools</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">grub</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">efibootmgr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装引导程序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">grub-install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--target=x86_64-efi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--efi-directory=/boot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--recheck</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将grub安装至EFI分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">grub-mkconfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/boot/grub/grub.cfg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成grub配置</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pacman</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dosfstools</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">grub</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">efibootmgr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装引导程序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grub-install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--target=x86_64-efi</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--efi-directory=/boot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--recheck</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将grub安装至EFI分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grub-mkconfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-o</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/boot/grub/grub.cfg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成grub配置</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="应用安装" tabindex="-1">应用安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#应用安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;应用安装&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">networkmanager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">network-manager-applet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dialog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">os-prober</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mtools</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntfs-3g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">base-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linux-headers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">reflector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">net-tools</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dnsutils</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">inetutils</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iproute2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pacman</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">networkmanager</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">network-manager-applet</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dialog</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">os-prober</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mtools</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntfs-3g</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">base-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linux-headers</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">reflector</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">net-tools</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dnsutils</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">inetutils</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iproute2</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="退出chroot环境重新启动" tabindex="-1">退出chroot环境重新启动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#退出chroot环境重新启动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;退出chroot环境重新启动&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 返回至arch-chroot之前的环境</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 卸载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">umount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/boot</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">umount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">reboot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重启</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 返回至arch-chroot之前的环境</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 卸载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">umount</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/boot</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">umount</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reboot</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重启</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="安装后操作" tabindex="-1">安装后操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装后操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装后操作&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># dhcpcd开机自启</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sshd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sshd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># sshd开机自启</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># dhcpcd开机自启</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sshd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sshd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># sshd开机自启</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="ssh配置" tabindex="-1">ssh配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#ssh配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ssh配置&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PermitRootLogin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PermitRootLogin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>systemctl restart sshd</code></p><h4 id="静态ip" tabindex="-1">静态ip <a class="header-anchor" href="#静态ip" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;静态ip&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dhcpcd" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dhcpcd</a></p></blockquote><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/dhcpcd.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">eth0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ip_address=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.2.67/24</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">routers=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.2.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain_name_servers=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.2.1</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/dhcpcd.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">eth0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ip_address=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.2.67/24</span><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">routers=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.2.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain_name_servers=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.2.1</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="general-recommendations" tabindex="-1">General recommendations <a class="header-anchor" href="#general-recommendations" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;General recommendations&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/General_recommendations" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/General_recommendations</a></p></blockquote>`,55),e=[p];function t(c,r,i,y,E,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const u=s(o,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_ArchLinux\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.a2640c72.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_ArchLinux\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.a2640c72.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2c71a79e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_ArchLinux\345\256\211\350\243\205.md.a2640c72.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"ArchLinux安装","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/ArchLinux安装.md","filePath":"linux/env/ArchLinux安装.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/env/ArchLinux安装.md"},p=l("",55),e=[p];function t(c,r,i,y,E,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const u=s(o,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Centos7\345\256\211\350\243\205Python3\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.de8bd8f3.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Centos7\345\256\211\350\243\205Python3\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.de8bd8f3.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56d775b68
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Centos7\345\256\211\350\243\205Python3\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.de8bd8f3.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"Centos7安装Python3环境","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Centos7安装Python3环境.md","filePath":"linux/env/Centos7安装Python3环境.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"linux/env/Centos7安装Python3环境.md"},o=n(`<h1 id="centos7安装python3环境" tabindex="-1">Centos7安装Python3环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#centos7安装python3环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Centos7安装Python3环境&quot;">​</a></h1><ol><li>安装编译工具</li></ol><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">groupinstall</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Development tools&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zlib-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bzip2-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">openssl-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ncurses-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sqlite-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">readline-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tk-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gdbm-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">db4-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">libpcap-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xz-devel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">libffi-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zlib1g-dev</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zlib</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">groupinstall</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Development tools&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">zlib-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bzip2-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">openssl-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ncurses-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sqlite-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">readline-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tk-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gdbm-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">db4-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">libpcap-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xz-devel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">libffi-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">zlib1g-dev</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">zlib</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li>下载安装包</li></ol><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">wget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这一步骤提示我wget命令找不到，所以要先安装wget</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">wget</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">wget</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再次执行下载安装包的命令</p><ol start="3"><li>下载完成后解压并安装</li></ol><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/python3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">tar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-xvf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Python-3.7.2.tar.xz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Python-3.7.2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定安装位置 提高运行速度 第三个是为了解决pip需要用到ssl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./configure</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--prefix=/usr/local/python3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--with-ssl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/python3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-xvf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Python-3.7.2.tar.xz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Python-3.7.2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定安装位置 提高运行速度 第三个是为了解决pip需要用到ssl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./configure</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--prefix=/usr/local/python3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--with-ssl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-ssl --enable-optimizations参数可能在低版本gcc导致编译报错 去掉即可</p></blockquote><ol start="4"><li>创建软链接</li></ol><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ln</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/python3/bin/python3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/bin/python3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ln</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/bin/pip3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ln</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/python3/bin/python3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/bin/python3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ln</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/bin/pip3</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="5"><li>验证</li></ol><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">python3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pip3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">python3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pip3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span></code></pre></div>`,15),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return a(),l("div",null,e)}const C=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Centos7\345\256\211\350\243\205Python3\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.de8bd8f3.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Centos7\345\256\211\350\243\205Python3\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.de8bd8f3.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52cae321c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Centos7\345\256\211\350\243\205Python3\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.de8bd8f3.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"Centos7安装Python3环境","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Centos7安装Python3环境.md","filePath":"linux/env/Centos7安装Python3环境.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"linux/env/Centos7安装Python3环境.md"},o=n("",15),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return a(),l("div",null,e)}const C=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,C as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Linux\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.32d08e18.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.32d08e18.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d82530c08
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.32d08e18.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux常用指令","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Linux常用指令.md","filePath":"linux/env/Linux常用指令.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"linux/env/Linux常用指令.md"},p=l(`<h1 id="linux常用指令" tabindex="-1">Linux常用指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux常用指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux常用指令&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="设置时区" tabindex="-1">设置时区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置时区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置时区&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看当前时间、时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列出可用时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">timedatectl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">list-timezones</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">timedatectl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set-timezone</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确认已经更改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">timedatectl</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看当前时间、时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">date</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列出可用时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timedatectl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">list-timezones</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timedatectl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set-timezone</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确认已经更改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timedatectl</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="修改主机名" tabindex="-1">修改主机名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改主机名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改主机名&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看主机信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hostnamectl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 修改主机名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hostnamectl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set-hostname</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">newhostname</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看主机信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hostnamectl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 修改主机名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hostnamectl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set-hostname</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">newhostname</span></span></code></pre></div>`,5),o=[p];function t(c,i,r,d,h,y){return a(),n("div",null,o)}const E=s(e,[["render",t]]);export{m as __pageData,E as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Linux\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.32d08e18.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.32d08e18.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77a25d01b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\214\207\344\273\244.md.32d08e18.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux常用指令","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Linux常用指令.md","filePath":"linux/env/Linux常用指令.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"linux/env/Linux常用指令.md"},p=l("",5),o=[p];function t(c,i,r,d,h,y){return a(),n("div",null,o)}const E=s(e,[["render",t]]);export{m as __pageData,E as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\346\226\207\344\273\266\347\233\256\345\275\225\345\205\261\344\272\253\346\230\240\345\260\204\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.7d396de6.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\346\226\207\344\273\266\347\233\256\345\275\225\345\205\261\344\272\253\346\230\240\345\260\204\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.7d396de6.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5ca22de9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\346\226\207\344\273\266\347\233\256\345\275\225\345\205\261\344\272\253\346\230\240\345\260\204\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.7d396de6.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import{_ as a,o as s,c as e,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置.md","filePath":"linux/env/Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/env/Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置.md"},l=n(`<h1 id="linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置" tabindex="-1">Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置&quot;">​</a></h1><p>使用场景：由于公司没有单独的文件服务器/nas之类的共享存储，图片之类的也没有上云，目前业务中上传的文件也是放在应用服务器当中的。生产环境都是高可用的多节点部署，这样就会产生问题。比如用户上传一张图片，请求被分发到A服务器中，由于图片访问的域名是统一的B服务器域名，上传完成后用B服务器的域名去访问静态文件就会404。后续我们考虑搭建fastdfs来统一管理文件。目前的临时解决方案是通过配置服务器共享目录来实现文件在多个节点服务器间的同步。</p><h2 id="准备工作" tabindex="-1">准备工作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#准备工作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;准备工作&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>环境：CentOS 7.6</p></li><li><p>分别在A、B两台服务器上安装nfs和rpcbind</p><ul><li><code>yum install nfs-utils rpcbind</code></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="server配置" tabindex="-1">server配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#server配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;server配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>比如我们的静态资源存储在B服务器，则需要把B服务器的目录暴露出来，共享给A服务器，让A服务器挂载该目录。</p><ul><li><p>在B服务器（提供资源的服务器）上修改/etc/exports文件，把指定的目录暴露给A服务器并分配权限</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /需要暴露的目录 A服务器IP（rw,async,no_root_squash)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/data/images</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.111.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rw,async,no_root_squash</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /需要暴露的目录 A服务器IP（rw,async,no_root_squash)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/data/images</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.111.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rw,async,no_root_squash</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>修改完后需要使配置立即生效，执行<code>exportfs -arv</code>命令</p></li><li><p>关闭防火墙/端口111(tcp/udp)、2049(tcp)、4046(udp)向指定ip开放</p></li></ul><h2 id="启动nfs服务和rpcbind服务" tabindex="-1">启动nfs服务和rpcbind服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动nfs服务和rpcbind服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动nfs服务和rpcbind服务&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><code>service rpcbind start</code></li><li><code>service nfs start</code></li></ul><h2 id="在a服务器中挂载远程目录" tabindex="-1">在A服务器中挂载远程目录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在a服务器中挂载远程目录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在A服务器中挂载远程目录&quot;">​</a></h2><p>执行命令：<code>mount -o rw -t nfs B服务器IP:/B服务器暴露的路径 /要映射的本机(A服务器)的路径</code></p><p>例如：<code>mount -o rw -t nfs 192.168.111.2:/data/images /data/images</code></p><h2 id="验证" tabindex="-1">验证 <a class="header-anchor" href="#验证" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;验证&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以在A服务器的/data/images下上传一些文件，然后看B服务器中的/data/images目录中是否同步，如果同步了则说明挂载成功，共享目录就配置完成了。</p>`,14),t=[l];function r(i,p,c,d,u,h){return s(),e("div",null,t)}const b=a(o,[["render",r]]);export{f as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\346\226\207\344\273\266\347\233\256\345\275\225\345\205\261\344\272\253\346\230\240\345\260\204\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.7d396de6.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\346\226\207\344\273\266\347\233\256\345\275\225\345\205\261\344\272\253\346\230\240\345\260\204\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.7d396de6.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61d47ca09
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\346\226\207\344\273\266\347\233\256\345\275\225\345\205\261\344\272\253\346\230\240\345\260\204\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.7d396de6.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as s,c as e,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置.md","filePath":"linux/env/Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/env/Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置.md"},l=n("",14),t=[l];function r(i,p,c,d,u,h){return s(),e("div",null,t)}const b=a(o,[["render",r]]);export{f as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Linux\347\247\201\351\222\245\347\231\273\351\231\206\346\217\220\347\244\272server refused our key.md.2b8172b9.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\347\247\201\351\222\245\347\231\273\351\231\206\346\217\220\347\244\272server refused our key.md.2b8172b9.js"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\347\247\201\351\222\245\347\231\273\351\231\206\346\217\220\347\244\272server refused our key.md.2b8172b9.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as e,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const E=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key.md","filePath":"linux/env/Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"linux/env/Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key.md"},o=n(`<h1 id="linux私钥登陆提示server-refused-our-key" tabindex="-1">Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux私钥登陆提示server-refused-our-key" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>家庭内网装了个物理机的Ubuntu server，用的最新版本的22.04，然后用windows端的mobaxterm和navicat使用ssh私钥连接内网服务器时返回了<code>Server refused our key</code>的异常</p><h2 id="问题原因" tabindex="-1">问题原因 <a class="header-anchor" href="#问题原因" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;问题原因&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>openssh 8.8</code>开始默认禁用了使用<code>SHA-1</code>哈希算法的<code>RSA</code>签名,看了一下ubuntu server 22.04的默认openssh版本：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ssh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-V</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">OpenSSH_8.9p1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Ubuntu-3,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">OpenSSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Mar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2022</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ssh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-V</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OpenSSH_8.9p1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Ubuntu-3,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">OpenSSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Mar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2022</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p><a href="https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-8.8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-8.8</a></p><p>This release disables RSA signatures using the SHA-1 hash algorithm by default. This change has been made as the SHA-1 hash algorithm is cryptographically broken, and it is possible to create chosen-prefix hash collisions for &lt;USD$50K [1]</p></blockquote><h2 id="解决方案" tabindex="-1">解决方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解决方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解决方案&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">+ssh-rsa</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sshd</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">+ssh-rsa</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sshd</span></span></code></pre></div>`,9),p=[o];function r(t,c,i,y,d,h){return a(),e("div",null,p)}const F=s(l,[["render",r]]);export{E as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Linux\347\247\201\351\222\245\347\231\273\351\231\206\346\217\220\347\244\272server refused our key.md.2b8172b9.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\347\247\201\351\222\245\347\231\273\351\231\206\346\217\220\347\244\272server refused our key.md.2b8172b9.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b646b46a4
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\347\247\201\351\222\245\347\231\273\351\231\206\346\217\220\347\244\272server refused our key.md.2b8172b9.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as e,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const E=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key.md","filePath":"linux/env/Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"linux/env/Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key.md"},o=n("",9),p=[o];function r(t,c,i,y,d,h){return a(),e("div",null,p)}const F=s(l,[["render",r]]);export{E as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\276\347\275\256swap\347\251\272\351\227\264.md.a3e8a621.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\276\347\275\256swap\347\251\272\351\227\264.md.a3e8a621.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51b2924d8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\276\347\275\256swap\347\251\272\351\227\264.md.a3e8a621.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as s,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux设置swap空间","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Linux设置swap空间.md","filePath":"linux/env/Linux设置swap空间.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),c={name:"linux/env/Linux设置swap空间.md"},o=p('<h1 id="linux设置swap空间" tabindex="-1">Linux设置swap空间 <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux设置swap空间" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux设置swap空间&quot;">​</a></h1><p>服务器上日常运行着静态博客+云笔记+jenkins的容器，jenkins用于gitee上托管的博客repo的ci/cd。当jenkins进行构建时，内存占用率会急剧升高，轻则容器宕机，重则服务器跟着一起boom。因此需要设置swap来缓解jenkins内存占用瞬时升高的状况。</p><h2 id="查看磁盘分区" tabindex="-1">查看磁盘分区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看磁盘分区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看磁盘分区&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><code>df -h</code></li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220310010316020.png" alt="image-20220310010316020"></p><p>Filesystem中<code>/dev/vda1</code>挂载点为<code>/</code>的就是我们的磁盘</p><blockquote><p>一般来说swap大小设置规则：</p><p>4G以内RAM，Swap设置为2倍RAM</p><p>4G-8GRAM，Swap设置等于内存大小</p><p>8G-64G，Swap设置为8G</p><p>64G-256G，Swap设置为16G</p></blockquote><h2 id="创建swap分区文件" tabindex="-1">创建Swap分区文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建swap分区文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建Swap分区文件&quot;">​</a></h2><p>我这个是腾讯云4c 4G 80G的机器，这里swap设置为4G：<code>fallocate -l 4G /swap</code></p><h2 id="启用swap分区" tabindex="-1">启用Swap分区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启用swap分区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启用Swap分区&quot;">​</a></h2><p>修改权限使文件只能root访问：<code>chmod 600 /swap</code></p><p>将文件标记为swap空间：<code>mkswap /swap</code></p><p>启用swap文件：<code>swapon /swap</code></p><p>验证交换是否可用：<code>swapon --show</code></p><h2 id="持久化swap挂载" tabindex="-1">持久化swap挂载 <a class="header-anchor" href="#持久化swap挂载" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;持久化swap挂载&quot;">​</a></h2><p>备份fstab：<code>cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak</code></p><p>添加一条记录： <code>echo &#39;/swapfile none swap sw 0 0&#39; | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab</code></p><h2 id="调整swap设置" tabindex="-1">调整Swap设置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#调整swap设置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;调整Swap设置&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>swappiness</li></ul><p>调整Swappiness参数，该参数主要配置系统将数据从RAM交换到交换空间的频率。该参数的值是介于0和100之间的百分比。范围在0到100之间。 低参数值会让内核尽量少用交换，更高参数值会使内核更多的去使用交换空间。</p><p>查看当前swappiness值：<code>cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness</code></p><p>临时修改，重启失效：<code>sysctl vm.swappiness=10</code></p><p>永久设置：<code>vim /etc/sysctl.conf</code>，最后一行加上<code>vm.swappiness=10</code>，保存并退出。<code>sysctl -p </code>立即生效</p><ul><li>vfs_cache_pressure 表示强制Linux VM最低保留多少空闲内存（Kbytes）。当可用内存低于这个参数时，系统开始回收cache内存，以释放内存，直到可用内存大于这个值。 查看 <code>cat /proc/sys/vm/vfs_cache_pressure</code> 缺省值100表示内核将根据pagecache和swapcache，把directory和inode cache保持在一个合理的百分比；降低该值低于100，将导致内核倾向于保留directory和inode cache；增加该值超过100，将导致内核倾向于回收directory和inode cache。</li></ul><p><code>vim /etc/sysctl.conf</code>，最后一行加上<code>vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50</code></p>',25),t=[o];function i(d,n,r,l,w,h){return a(),s("div",null,t)}const m=e(c,[["render",i]]);export{_ as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\276\347\275\256swap\347\251\272\351\227\264.md.a3e8a621.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\276\347\275\256swap\347\251\272\351\227\264.md.a3e8a621.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f704f06a9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\276\347\275\256swap\347\251\272\351\227\264.md.a3e8a621.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as s,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux设置swap空间","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Linux设置swap空间.md","filePath":"linux/env/Linux设置swap空间.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),c={name:"linux/env/Linux设置swap空间.md"},o=p("",25),t=[o];function i(d,n,r,l,w,h){return a(),s("div",null,t)}const m=e(c,[["render",i]]);export{_ as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\277\351\227\256\346\235\203\351\231\220\346\216\247\345\210\266\344\271\213ACL.md.01c497e3.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\277\351\227\256\346\235\203\351\231\220\346\216\247\345\210\266\344\271\213ACL.md.01c497e3.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb035894b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\277\351\227\256\346\235\203\351\231\220\346\216\247\345\210\266\344\271\213ACL.md.01c497e3.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as t,c as a,Q as s}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux访问权限控制之ACL","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Linux访问权限控制之ACL.md","filePath":"linux/env/Linux访问权限控制之ACL.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/env/Linux访问权限控制之ACL.md"},r=s('<h1 id="linux访问权限控制之acl" tabindex="-1">Linux访问权限控制之ACL <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux访问权限控制之acl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux访问权限控制之ACL&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="什么是acl" tabindex="-1">什么是ACL <a class="header-anchor" href="#什么是acl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;什么是ACL&quot;">​</a></h2><p>ACL即Access Control List，访问控制列表，POSIX 1003.1e/1003.2c标准中定义的权限管理方式。详细内容可以参考<a href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/publications/library/proceedings/usenix03/tech/freenix03/full_papers/gruenbacher/gruenbacher_html/main.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">POSIX Access Control Lists on Linux</a>这篇文章。</p><blockquote><p>POSIX：POSIX是可移植操作系统接口（Portable Operating System Interface of UNIX）的缩写，POSIX标准定义了操作系统应该为应用程序提供的接口标准，是在各种UNIX操作系统上运行的软件的一系列API标准的总称。POSIX标准意在期望获得源代码级别的软件可移植性。换句话说，为一个POSIX兼容的操作系统编写的程序，应该可以在任何其它的POSIX操作系统（即使是来自另一个厂商）上编译执行。</p></blockquote><h2 id="为什么使用acl" tabindex="-1">为什么使用ACL <a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么使用acl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;为什么使用ACL&quot;">​</a></h2><p>经典的Unix权限模型中每个文件系统对象都定义了三组权限，owner、group和other。也就是常用的<code>chmod</code>命令中修改的权限，包括读（r）、写入（w）和执行（x）。但是如果我们想更细颗粒度的控制某些用户的权限时，使用<code>chmod</code>、<code>chown</code>就很难办了。这就需要ACL来针对单一用户、单一文件或目录来进行权限控制。</p><h2 id="acl的工作原理" tabindex="-1">ACL的工作原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#acl的工作原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ACL的工作原理&quot;">​</a></h2><p>ACL由一系列Access Entry组成，Access Entry又包括三个部分：Entry type，qualifier(非必须）、权限</p><p>Entry type有以下类型：</p><ul><li><p>Owner/ACL_USER_OBJ : 相当于Linux里file_owner的权限</p></li><li><p>Named user/ACL_USER: 定义了额外的用户可以对此文件拥有的权限</p></li><li><p>Owning group/ACL_GROUP_OBJ: 相当于Linux里group的权限</p></li><li><p>Named group/ACL_GROUP: 定义了额外的组可以对此文件拥有的权限</p></li><li><p>Mask/ACL_MASK: 定义了ACL_USER, ACL_GROUP_OBJ和ACL_GROUP的最大权限</p></li><li><p>Others/ACL_OTHER: 相当于Linux里other的权限</p></li></ul><h3 id="访问检查算法" tabindex="-1">访问检查算法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#访问检查算法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;访问检查算法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>进程请求访问文件系统对象。执行两个步骤。第一步选择与请求进程最匹配的 ACL 条目。ACL 条目按以下顺序查看：所有者、命名用户、（拥有或命名）组、其他。只有一个条目决定访问。第二步检查匹配条目是否包含足够的权限。</p><p>一个进程可以是多个组中的成员，因此可以匹配多个组条目。如果这些匹配的组条目中的任何一个包含请求的权限，则选择包含请求的权限的条目（无论选择哪个条目，结果都是相同的）。如果没有匹配的组条目包含请求的权限，则无论选择哪个条目都将拒绝访问。</p><p>访问检查算法可以用伪代码描述如下。</p><ul><li><p><strong>if</strong></p><p>进程的用户ID是所有者，所有者条目决定访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>进程的用户 ID 与指定用户条目之一中的限定符匹配，此条目确定访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>进程的组 ID 之一与所属组匹配，并且所属组条目包含请求的权限，此条目确定访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>进程的组 ID 之一与命名组条目之一的限定符匹配，并且此条目包含请求的权限，此条目确定访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>进程的组 ID 之一与所属组或任何命名组条目匹配，但所属组条目或任何匹配命名组条目均不包含请求的权限，这确定访问被拒绝</p></li><li><p><strong>else</strong></p><p>另一个条目决定访问。</p></li><li><p><strong>if</strong></p><p>此选择产生的匹配条目是所有者或其他条目，并且它包含请求的权限，授予访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>匹配条目是命名用户、拥有组或命名组条目，并且此条目包含请求的权限，并且掩码条目也包含请求的权限（或没有掩码条目），授予访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else</strong></p><p>访问被拒绝。</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>The access check algorithm can be described in pseudo-code as follows.</p><ul><li><p><strong>If</strong></p><p>the user ID of the process is the owner, the owner entry determines access</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>the user ID of the process matches the qualifier in one of the named user entries, this entry determines access</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>one of the group IDs of the process matches the owning group and the owning group entry contains the requested permissions, this entry determines access</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>one of the group IDs of the process matches the qualifier of one of the named group entries and this entry contains the requested permissions, this entry determines access</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>one of the group IDs of the process matches the owning group or any of the named group entries, but neither the owning group entry nor any of the matching named group entries contains the requested permissions, this determines that access is denied</p></li><li><p><strong>else</strong></p><p>the other entry determines access.</p></li><li><p><strong>If</strong></p><p>the matching entry resulting from this selection is the owner or other entry and it contains the requested permissions, access is granted</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>the matching entry is a named user, owning group, or named group entry and this entry contains the requested permissions and the mask entry also contains the requested permissions (or there is no mask entry), access is granted</p></li><li><p><strong>else</strong></p><p>access is denied.</p></li></ul></blockquote><h2 id="acl命令" tabindex="-1">ACL命令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#acl命令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ACL命令&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><code>getfacl</code>：查看某个文件/目录的ACL权限</p></li><li><p><code>setfacl</code>：设置某个文件/目录的ACL权限</p><ul><li>-m：设置后续acl参数</li><li>-x：删除后续acl参数</li><li>-b：删除全部acl参数</li><li>-k：删除默认acl参数</li><li>-R：递归设置acl参数</li><li>-d：设置默认acl参数</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="例子" tabindex="-1">例子 <a class="header-anchor" href="#例子" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;例子&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="设置指定用户-组权限" tabindex="-1">设置指定用户/组权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置指定用户-组权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置指定用户/组权限&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>setfacl -m u:user1:rx /test</code>：给user1用户设置<code>/test</code>目录的rx（r-x）权限</li><li><code>setfacl -m g:group1:rx /test</code>：给group1组设置<code>/test</code>目录的rx（r-x）权限</li><li><code>setfacl -m o:--x /test</code>：给other设置x（--x）权限（chmod o+x /test）</li></ul><h3 id="默认acl权限" tabindex="-1">默认ACL权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#默认acl权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;默认ACL权限&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>默认权限下新建的子目录会继承父目录的权限，只有目录才能给默认权限，不是目录的对象仅继承父目录的默认 ACL 作为其访问 ACL。</strong></p><ul><li><code>setfacl -m d:u:user1:rx /test</code>：给user1用户设置<code>/test</code>目录的默认rx权限</li><li><code>setfacl -m d:g:group1:rx /test</code>：给group1组设置<code>/test</code>目录的默认rx权限</li><li><code>setfacl -m d:o:--x /test</code>：给other设置<code>/test</code>目录的默认x权限</li></ul><h3 id="最大有效权限mask" tabindex="-1">最大有效权限mask <a class="header-anchor" href="#最大有效权限mask" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;最大有效权限mask&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如上文所描述的，mask定义了ACL_USER, ACL_GROUP_OBJ和ACL_GROUP的最大权限。例如，mask权限为<code>r--</code>，此时不管ACL_USER的权限为多大，就算是``rwx<code>，最终生效的都只会是</code>r--`。<strong>概括来说：用户和用户组的权限必须在mask权限的范围之内才能生效，mask权限就是最大有效权限。</strong></p><h4 id="修改mask权限" tabindex="-1">修改mask权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改mask权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改mask权限&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>setfacl -m m:rx /test</code>：设置mask权限为r-x，使用<code>setfacl -m m:权限 路径</code></p><h3 id="删除所有acl权限" tabindex="-1">删除所有acl权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除所有acl权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除所有acl权限&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>setfacl -b /test</code></p><h3 id="删除指定acl权限" tabindex="-1">删除指定acl权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除指定acl权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除指定acl权限&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>setfacl -x u:user1 /test</code></p>',32),i=[r];function l(n,c,p,h,d,u){return t(),a("div",null,i)}const f=e(o,[["render",l]]);export{m as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\277\351\227\256\346\235\203\351\231\220\346\216\247\345\210\266\344\271\213ACL.md.01c497e3.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\277\351\227\256\346\235\203\351\231\220\346\216\247\345\210\266\344\271\213ACL.md.01c497e3.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6fc815a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_Linux\350\256\277\351\227\256\346\235\203\351\231\220\346\216\247\345\210\266\344\271\213ACL.md.01c497e3.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as t,c as a,Q as s}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux访问权限控制之ACL","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Linux访问权限控制之ACL.md","filePath":"linux/env/Linux访问权限控制之ACL.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/env/Linux访问权限控制之ACL.md"},r=s("",32),i=[r];function l(n,c,p,h,d,u){return t(),a("div",null,i)}const f=e(o,[["render",l]]);export{m as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git a/assets/linux_env_Ubuntu-server.md.f8067bd7.js b/assets/linux_env_Ubuntu-server.md.f8067bd7.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cfa413fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/linux_env_Ubuntu-server.md.f8067bd7.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"Ubuntu-server","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Ubuntu-server.md","filePath":"linux/env/Ubuntu-server.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"linux/env/Ubuntu-server.md"},e=l(`<h1 id="ubuntu-server" tabindex="-1">Ubuntu-server <a class="header-anchor" href="#ubuntu-server" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Ubuntu-server&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="关闭欢迎提示" tabindex="-1">关闭欢迎提示 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭欢迎提示" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭欢迎提示&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code> chmod -x /etc/update-motd.d/*</code></p><h2 id="关闭ssh登录motd广告" tabindex="-1">关闭ssh登录motd广告 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭ssh登录motd广告" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭ssh登录motd广告&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>vim /etc/default/motd-news</code> 将enabled改为0</p><h2 id="关闭ssh登录系统信息" tabindex="-1">关闭ssh登录系统信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭ssh登录系统信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭ssh登录系统信息&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>apt remove landscape-common landscape-client</code></p><h2 id="系统盘迁移" tabindex="-1">系统盘迁移 <a class="header-anchor" href="#系统盘迁移" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;系统盘迁移&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1.备份数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 2.制作一个linux启动盘 例如live server的</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 3.连接原启动盘和需要迁移到的目标盘</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 4.U盘启动直接进入shell</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 5.查看磁盘信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">lsblk</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 6.dd命令直接全盘迁移</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">dd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">if=/dev/sda</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of=/dev/sdb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bs=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4096</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">conv=sync,noerror</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 7.拷贝完成后使用新磁盘启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 8.删除旧分区&amp;resize</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">fdisk</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sdX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除磁盘最后一个分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#新建一个分区，扇区开始结束都用默认即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">w</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#写盘保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">partprobe</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#重新读取分区表并更新分区信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">resize2fs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sdXX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调整文件系统的大小</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1.备份数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 2.制作一个linux启动盘 例如live server的</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 3.连接原启动盘和需要迁移到的目标盘</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 4.U盘启动直接进入shell</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 5.查看磁盘信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lsblk</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 6.dd命令直接全盘迁移</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">if=/dev/sda</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of=/dev/sdb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bs=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4096</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">conv=sync,noerror</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 7.拷贝完成后使用新磁盘启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 8.删除旧分区&amp;resize</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fdisk</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sdX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除磁盘最后一个分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#新建一个分区，扇区开始结束都用默认即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">w</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#写盘保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">partprobe</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#重新读取分区表并更新分区信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resize2fs</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sdXX</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调整文件系统的大小</span></span></code></pre></div>`,9),o=[e];function c(t,r,i,d,y,E){return n(),a("div",null,o)}const v=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{u as __pageData,v as default};
diff --git a/assets/linux_env_Ubuntu-server.md.f8067bd7.lean.js b/assets/linux_env_Ubuntu-server.md.f8067bd7.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8409c6696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/linux_env_Ubuntu-server.md.f8067bd7.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"Ubuntu-server","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/Ubuntu-server.md","filePath":"linux/env/Ubuntu-server.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"linux/env/Ubuntu-server.md"},e=l("",9),o=[e];function c(t,r,i,d,y,E){return n(),a("div",null,o)}const v=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{u as __pageData,v as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_bash\345\270\270\347\224\250\347\232\204\345\277\253\346\215\267\351\224\256.md.99647a26.js" "b/assets/linux_env_bash\345\270\270\347\224\250\347\232\204\345\277\253\346\215\267\351\224\256.md.99647a26.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6da1130c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_bash\345\270\270\347\224\250\347\232\204\345\277\253\346\215\267\351\224\256.md.99647a26.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as l,o as t,c as i,Q as a}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"bash常用的快捷键","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/bash常用的快捷键.md","filePath":"linux/env/bash常用的快捷键.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"linux/env/bash常用的快捷键.md"},c=a('<h1 id="bash常用的快捷键" tabindex="-1">bash常用的快捷键 <a class="header-anchor" href="#bash常用的快捷键" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;bash常用的快捷键&quot;">​</a></h1><ul><li>ctrl+a：光标移到行首</li><li>ctrl+b：光标左移一个字母</li><li>ctrl+c：杀死当前进程</li><li>ctrl+d：退出当前Shell</li><li>ctrl+e：光标移到行尾</li><li>ctrl+h：删除光标前一个字符，同backspace键相同</li><li>ctrl+k：清除光标后至行尾的内容</li><li>ctrl+l：清屏，相当于clear</li><li>ctrl+r：搜索之前打过的命令会有一个提示，根据你输入的关键字进行搜索bash的history</li><li>ctrl+u：清除光标前至行首间的所有内容。</li><li>ctrl+w：移除光标前的一个单词</li><li>ctrl+t：交换光标位置前的两个字符</li><li>ctrl+y：粘贴或者恢复上次的删除</li><li>ctrl+d：删除光标所在字母;注意和backspace以及ctrl+h的区别，这2个是删除光标前的字符</li><li>ctrl+f：光标右移</li><li>ctrl+z：把当前进程转到后台运行，使用’fg‘命令恢复。比如top-d1然后ctrl+z，到后台，然后fg,重新恢复</li></ul>',2),r=[c];function s(_,o,n,h,d,b){return t(),i("div",null,r)}const f=l(e,[["render",s]]);export{u as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_bash\345\270\270\347\224\250\347\232\204\345\277\253\346\215\267\351\224\256.md.99647a26.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_bash\345\270\270\347\224\250\347\232\204\345\277\253\346\215\267\351\224\256.md.99647a26.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5bcb202d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_bash\345\270\270\347\224\250\347\232\204\345\277\253\346\215\267\351\224\256.md.99647a26.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as l,o as t,c as i,Q as a}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"bash常用的快捷键","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/bash常用的快捷键.md","filePath":"linux/env/bash常用的快捷键.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"linux/env/bash常用的快捷键.md"},c=a("",2),r=[c];function s(_,o,n,h,d,b){return t(),i("div",null,r)}const f=l(e,[["render",s]]);export{u as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_centos7\351\230\262\347\201\253\345\242\231\345\221\275\344\273\244.md.956e43cd.js" "b/assets/linux_env_centos7\351\230\262\347\201\253\345\242\231\345\221\275\344\273\244.md.956e43cd.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52f54d6cb
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_centos7\351\230\262\347\201\253\345\242\231\345\221\275\344\273\244.md.956e43cd.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"centos7防火墙命令","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/centos7防火墙命令.md","filePath":"linux/env/centos7防火墙命令.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"linux/env/centos7防火墙命令.md"},n=e(`<h1 id="centos7防火墙命令" tabindex="-1">centos7防火墙命令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#centos7防火墙命令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;centos7防火墙命令&quot;">​</a></h1><p>centos7.0以上的版本默认为firewalld，以下是iptables，整理一下命令备用。</p><h2 id="firewall-cmd" tabindex="-1">firewall-cmd <a class="header-anchor" href="#firewall-cmd" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;firewall-cmd&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="查看防火墙状态" tabindex="-1">查看防火墙状态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看防火墙状态" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看防火墙状态&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--state</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--state</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="查看防火墙规则" tabindex="-1">查看防火墙规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看防火墙规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看防火墙规则&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--list-all</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--list-all</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="更新防火墙规则" tabindex="-1">更新防火墙规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#更新防火墙规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;更新防火墙规则&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--reload</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--reload</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="关闭-开启防火墙" tabindex="-1">关闭/开启防火墙 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭-开启防火墙" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭/开启防火墙&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">firewalld.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">firewalld.service</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stop</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">firewalld.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">firewalld.service</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="端口操作" tabindex="-1">端口操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#端口操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;端口操作&quot;">​</a></h3><h3 id="永久开放端口" tabindex="-1">永久开放端口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#永久开放端口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;永久开放端口&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--zone=public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--add-port=5672/tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--permanent</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--zone=public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--add-port=5672/tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--permanent</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="关闭端口" tabindex="-1">关闭端口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭端口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭端口&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--zone=public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--remove-port=5672/tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--permanent</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--zone=public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--remove-port=5672/tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--permanent</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;&quot;">​</a></h3><h2 id="iptables" tabindex="-1">iptables <a class="header-anchor" href="#iptables" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iptables&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="开启-关闭防火墙" tabindex="-1">开启/关闭防火墙 <a class="header-anchor" href="#开启-关闭防火墙" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;开启/关闭防火墙&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iptables.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iptables.service</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iptables.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stop</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iptables.service</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="查看防火墙状态-1" tabindex="-1">查看防火墙状态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看防火墙状态-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看防火墙状态&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iptables.service</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iptables.service</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="开放端口" tabindex="-1">开放端口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#开放端口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;开放端口&quot;">​</a></h3><p>1.命令</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-I</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--dport</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ACCEPT</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-I</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--dport</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ACCEPT</span></span></code></pre></div><p>2.直接修改/etc/sysconfig/iptables</p><p><code>-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8000 -j ACCEPT　</code></p><h3 id="重启iptables" tabindex="-1">重启iptables <a class="header-anchor" href="#重启iptables" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重启iptables&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">restart</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">restart</span></span></code></pre></div>`,29),o=[n];function t(c,r,i,d,h,y){return a(),l("div",null,o)}const F=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{b as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_centos7\351\230\262\347\201\253\345\242\231\345\221\275\344\273\244.md.956e43cd.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_centos7\351\230\262\347\201\253\345\242\231\345\221\275\344\273\244.md.956e43cd.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd0d02118
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_centos7\351\230\262\347\201\253\345\242\231\345\221\275\344\273\244.md.956e43cd.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"centos7防火墙命令","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/centos7防火墙命令.md","filePath":"linux/env/centos7防火墙命令.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"linux/env/centos7防火墙命令.md"},n=e("",29),o=[n];function t(c,r,i,d,h,y){return a(),l("div",null,o)}const F=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{b as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_\344\273\216\351\233\266\346\220\255\345\273\272Linux\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.a1dfde11.js" "b/assets/linux_env_\344\273\216\351\233\266\346\220\255\345\273\272Linux\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.a1dfde11.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9a354643
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_\344\273\216\351\233\266\346\220\255\345\273\272Linux\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.a1dfde11.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境.md","filePath":"linux/env/从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"linux/env/从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="从零搭建linux虚拟机环境" tabindex="-1">从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#从零搭建linux虚拟机环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="基础" tabindex="-1">基础 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="镜像安装" tabindex="-1">镜像安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#镜像安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;镜像安装&quot;">​</a></h3><p>CentOS7-1908版本</p><p><a href="http://vault.centos.org/7.7.1908/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1908.torrent" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://vault.centos.org/7.7.1908/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1908.torrent</a></p><h2 id="基础命令包安装" tabindex="-1">基础命令包安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础命令包安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础命令包安装&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>ifconfig</p><ul><li><code>yum search ifconfig</code></li><li><code>yum install net-tools.x86_64</code></li></ul></li><li><p>lsb_release</p><ul><li><code>yum install -y redhat-lsb</code></li></ul></li><li><p>yum提示没有可用镜像</p><ul><li><code>curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo</code></li></ul></li><li><p>wget</p><ul><li><code>yum install wget</code></li></ul></li><li><p>dns</p><ul><li>虚拟机ping不通域名的解决办法<code> vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33</code></li><li>虚拟机的静态ip和真机的必须在同一网段,添加谷歌的dns解析</li><li>虚拟机内的配置</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210505171618465.png" alt="image-20210505171618465"></p><ul><li><p>真机的ip信息</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210505171651704.png" alt="image-20210505171651704"></p></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="环境搭建" tabindex="-1">环境搭建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#环境搭建" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;环境搭建&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>JDK1.8</p><ul><li><p>oracle官网下载jdk后上传虚拟机</p></li><li><p>解压并配置环境变量，比如我下载的是jre1.8.0_202</p><p><code>vi /etc/profile/</code></p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/java/jre1.8.0_202</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">PATH</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/bin:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$PATH</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">CLASSPATH</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/lib/dt.jar:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/lib/tools.jar:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/jre/lib/rt.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">JAVA_HOME</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CLASSPATH</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PATH</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/java/jre1.8.0_202</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">PATH</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/bin:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$PATH</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">CLASSPATH</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/lib/dt.jar:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/lib/tools.jar:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/jre/lib/rt.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">JAVA_HOME</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CLASSPATH</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PATH</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><code>source /etc/profile</code>或重启虚拟机使环境变量生效</p></li></ul></li><li><p>python3</p><ul><li>见另一篇博客 <a href="https://blog.storyxc.com/actions/Centos7%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Python3%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">centos7安装python环境</a></li></ul></li><li><p>mysql 5.7</p><ul><li><p>下载并安装mysql官方的yum repository: <code>wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar</code></p></li><li><p>解压包：<code>tar -xvf mysql-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar</code></p></li><li><p><code>yum -y install mysql-community-common-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</code></p></li><li><p>启动<code>systemctl enable mysqld &amp;&amp; systemctl start mysqld</code></p></li><li><p>临时密码 <code>grep &#39;temporary password&#39; /var/log/mysqld.log</code></p></li><li><p>根据临时密码登入mysql</p></li><li><p>改密码 <code>ALTER USER &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; IDENTIFIED BY &#39;new pwd&#39;;</code></p></li><li><p>更改密码弱口令设置，设置简单密码：</p><ul><li><p><code>set global validate_password_policy=0;</code></p></li><li><p><code> set global validate_password_length=1;</code></p></li></ul></li><li><p>配置远程登陆</p><ul><li><p><code>grant all on *.* to &#39;root&#39;@&#39;%&#39; identified by &#39;pwd&#39;;</code></p></li><li><p>立即生效: <code>flush privileges;</code></p></li></ul></li><li><p>创建用户&amp;授权</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 创建用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">用户名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&#39;@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">用户名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&#39;@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 授权全部</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">grant</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> all privileges </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> identified </span><span style="color:#F97583;">by</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;     #本地授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">grant</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> all privileges </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> identified </span><span style="color:#F97583;">by</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;             #远程授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">flush privileges;                                                                 #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 授权指定</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">grant</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">update</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">insert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;用户&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> identified </span><span style="color:#F97583;">by</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">flush privileges; #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 删除用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">Delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> User</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;          #删除本地用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">Delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> User</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;                  #删除远程用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">flush privileges;                                                         #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 删除用户及权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 查看当前用户权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">show grants;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 查看指定用户权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">show grants </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username@localhost;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 创建用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">用户名</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&#39;@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">用户名</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&#39;@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 授权全部</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">grant</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> all privileges </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> identified </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">by</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;     #本地授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">grant</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> all privileges </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> identified </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">by</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;             #远程授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">flush privileges;                                                                 #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 授权指定</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">grant</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">update</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">insert</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;用户&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> identified </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">by</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">flush privileges; #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 删除用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">Delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> User</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;          #删除本地用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">Delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> User</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;                  #删除远程用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">flush privileges;                                                         #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 删除用户及权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 查看当前用户权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">show grants;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 查看指定用户权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">show grants </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username@localhost;</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>mysql 8.0</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 修改root密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">SET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authentication_string</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">WHERE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> User</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">WITH</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mysql_native_password </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;new_password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> USER </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ALL PRIVILEGES </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 修改root密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SET</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authentication_string</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">WHERE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> User</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">WITH</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mysql_native_password </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;new_password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> USER </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ALL PRIVILEGES </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>nginx</p><ul><li><p>依赖</p><ul><li>centos: <code>yum -y install gcc pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel</code></li><li>ubuntu: <code>apt install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev openssl libssl-dev</code></li></ul></li><li><p>下载安装包 <code>wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz </code></p></li><li><p>解压到指定目录 <code>tar -xzvf nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz -C /usr/local/nginx/</code></p></li><li><p>切换到nginx的目录执行 cd /usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.9.9</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./configure</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--prefix=/usr/local/nginx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--with-http_stub_status_module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--with-http_ssl_module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#配置ssl模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">make</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./configure</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--prefix=/usr/local/nginx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--with-http_stub_status_module</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--with-http_ssl_module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#配置ssl模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>安装后切换到/usr/local/nginx/sbin启动nginx并访问</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210505174840552.png" alt="image-20210505174840552"></p></li><li><p>开机自启nginx</p><ul><li><p><code>vi /etc/init.d/nginx</code></p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># chkconfig:   - 85 15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># description:  NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># processname: nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Source function library.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Source networking configuration.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/sysconfig/network</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Check that networking is up.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[ </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$NETWORKING</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;no&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">nginx</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">prog</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">basename</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">NGINX_CONF_FILE</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/sysconfig/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lockfile</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/lock/subsys/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">make_dirs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># make required directories</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> -V </span><span style="color:#F97583;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">grep</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;configure arguments:.*--user=&quot; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sed</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &#39;s/[^*]*--user=\\([^ ]*\\).*/\\1/g&#39; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$user</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-z</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">grep</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$user</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/passwd\`&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">useradd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/bin/nologin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> -V </span><span style="color:#F97583;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">grep</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &#39;configure arguments:&#39;\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> opt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $options; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$opt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">grep</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &#39;.*-temp-path&#39;\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$opt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cut</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;=&quot; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$value</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># echo &quot;creating&quot; $value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $value &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">chown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $user $value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">done</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $nginx ] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">make_dirs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$&quot;Starting </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$prog</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">daemon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $nginx </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-c</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  retval</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [ $retval </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-eq</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">touch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $lockfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $retval</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">stop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$&quot;Stopping </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$prog</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">killproc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $prog </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-QUIT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  retval</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [ $retval </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-eq</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $lockfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $retval</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">configtest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">reload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">configtest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$&quot;Reloading </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$prog</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">killproc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $nginx </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-HUP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  RETVAL</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">force_reload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">restart</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">configtest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  $nginx </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-c</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $prog</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">2&gt;&amp;1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  stop)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  restart|configtest)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  reload)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  force-reload)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">force_reload</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  status)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  condrestart|try-restart)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$&quot;Usage: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> {start|stop|status|restart|reload|configtest}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">esac</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># chkconfig:   - 85 15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># description:  NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># processname: nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Source function library.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Source networking configuration.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/sysconfig/network</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Check that networking is up.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[ </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$NETWORKING</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;no&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">nginx</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">prog</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">$(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">basename</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">NGINX_CONF_FILE</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/sysconfig/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">lockfile</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/lock/subsys/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make_dirs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># make required directories</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> -V </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grep</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &quot;configure arguments:.*--user=&quot; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sed</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &#39;s/[^*]*--user=\\([^ ]*\\).*/\\1/g&#39; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$user</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-z</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grep</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$user</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /etc/passwd\`&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">useradd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-M</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/bin/nologin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> -V </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grep</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &#39;configure arguments:&#39;\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> opt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $options; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$opt</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grep</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &#39;.*-temp-path&#39;\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$opt</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cut</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &quot;=&quot; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$value</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># echo &quot;creating&quot; $value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $value &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chown</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-R</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $user $value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">done</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $nginx ] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make_dirs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">$&quot;Starting </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$prog</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">daemon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $nginx </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-c</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  retval</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [ $retval </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-eq</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">touch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $lockfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $retval</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stop</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">$&quot;Stopping </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$prog</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">killproc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $prog </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-QUIT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  retval</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [ $retval </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-eq</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $lockfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $retval</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">configtest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">configtest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">$&quot;Reloading </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$prog</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">killproc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $nginx </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-HUP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  RETVAL</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">force_reload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">restart</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">configtest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  $nginx </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-c</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $prog</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">2&gt;&amp;1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  stop)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  restart|configtest)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  reload)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  force-reload)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">force_reload</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  status)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  condrestart|try-restart)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">$&quot;Usage: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> {start|stop|status|restart|reload|configtest}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">esac</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">777</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/init.d/nginx</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">777</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/init.d/nginx</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chkconfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nginx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">on</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chkconfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">nginx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">on</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>开放端口</p><ul><li>查看已经开放的端口<code>firewall-cmd --list-ports</code></li><li>开启端口 <code>firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent</code><ul><li>zone:作用域</li><li>-add-port=80/tcp 端口/协议</li><li>--permanent 永久生效,没有此参数后重启失效</li></ul></li><li><code>firewall-cmd --reload #重启firewall</code></li><li><code>systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall</code></li><li><code>systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动</code></li><li><code>firewall-cmd --state #查看默认防火墙状态</code></li></ul></li><li><p>redis</p><ul><li><p>下载安装包<code>wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.7.tar.gz</code></p></li><li><p><code>tar -zxvf redis-5.0.7.tar.gz</code></p></li><li><p><code>mv /root/redis-5.0.7 /usr/local/redis</code></p></li><li><p><code>cd /usr/local/redis/redis-5.0.7</code></p></li><li><p><code>make &amp;&amp; make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install</code></p><ul><li><p>可能会报错,因为centos自带的gcc版本太低</p></li><li><p>执行命令</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">centos-release-scl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">devtoolset-9-gcc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">devtoolset-9-gcc-c++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">devtoolset-9-binutils</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># scl enable devtoolset-9 bash #临时启用新版本的gcc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;source /opt/rh/devtoolset-9/enable&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/profile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 永久启用新版gcc</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">centos-release-scl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">devtoolset-9-gcc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">devtoolset-9-gcc-c++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">devtoolset-9-binutils</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># scl enable devtoolset-9 bash #临时启用新版本的gcc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;source /opt/rh/devtoolset-9/enable&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/profile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 永久启用新版gcc</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>开机自启redis</p><ul><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/init.d/redis</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vi</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/init.d/redis</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># chkconfig: 2345 10 90</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># description: Start and Stop redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">REDISPORT</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6379</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">EXEC</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">CLIEXEC</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/run/redis_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">\${REDISPORT}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.pid</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">CONF</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/usr/local/redis/redis.conf&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $PIDFILE ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> exists, process is already running or crashed&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Starting Redis server...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                $EXEC $CONF &amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    stop)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $PIDFILE ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> does not exist, process is not running&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                PID</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Stopping ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                $CLIEXEC </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $REDISPORT </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">shutdown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /proc/\${PID} ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">done</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Redis stopped&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    restart)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Please use start or stop or restart as first argument&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">esac</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># chkconfig: 2345 10 90</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># description: Start and Stop redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">REDISPORT</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6379</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">EXEC</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">CLIEXEC</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/run/redis_</span><span style="color:#24292E;">\${REDISPORT}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.pid</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">CONF</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/usr/local/redis/redis.conf&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $PIDFILE ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> exists, process is already running or crashed&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Starting Redis server...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                $EXEC $CONF &amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    stop)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $PIDFILE ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> does not exist, process is not running&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                PID</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">$(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Stopping ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                $CLIEXEC </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $REDISPORT </span><span style="color:#032F62;">shutdown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /proc/\${PID} ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">done</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Redis stopped&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    restart)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Please use start or stop or restart as first argument&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">esac</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/redis/redis.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">修改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#所有ipv4端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">protected-mode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 关闭保护模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">daemonize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 守护进程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">requirepass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#需要密码登录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pidfile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/run/redis_6379.pid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#pid文件</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/redis/redis.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">修改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bind</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#所有ipv4端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">protected-mode</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 关闭保护模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">daemonize</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 守护进程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">requirepass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">password</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#需要密码登录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pidfile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/run/redis_6379.pid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#pid文件</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">777</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/init.d/redis</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">777</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/init.d/redis</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开机启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chkconfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">on</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开机启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chkconfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">on</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建客户端软链接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ln</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/bin/redis-cli</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建客户端软链接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ln</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/bin/redis-cli</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>docker</p><ul><li><p>卸载旧版本</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-client</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-client-latest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-common</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-latest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-latest-logrotate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-logrotate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-engine</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-client</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-client-latest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-common</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-latest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-latest-logrotate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-logrotate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-engine</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>使用docker repository安装</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># set up repository</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yum-utils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yum-config-manager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--add-repo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># install docker engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-ce</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-ce-cli</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">containerd.io</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># start docker engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># set up repository</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yum-utils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yum-config-manager</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--add-repo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># install docker engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-ce</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-ce-cli</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">containerd.io</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># start docker engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul>`,9),e=[o];function c(t,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{C as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_\344\273\216\351\233\266\346\220\255\345\273\272Linux\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.a1dfde11.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_\344\273\216\351\233\266\346\220\255\345\273\272Linux\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.a1dfde11.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ada68da2b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_\344\273\216\351\233\266\346\220\255\345\273\272Linux\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\216\257\345\242\203.md.a1dfde11.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境.md","filePath":"linux/env/从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"linux/env/从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境.md"},o=l("",9),e=[o];function c(t,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{C as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_\351\223\276\346\216\245\345\222\214\345\210\253\345\220\215(ln\343\200\201alias).md.e5e665cb.js" "b/assets/linux_env_\351\223\276\346\216\245\345\222\214\345\210\253\345\220\215(ln\343\200\201alias).md.e5e665cb.js"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_\351\223\276\346\216\245\345\222\214\345\210\253\345\220\215(ln\343\200\201alias).md.e5e665cb.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as l,c as e,Q as i}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const p=JSON.parse('{"title":"链接和别名（ln、alias)","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/链接和别名(ln、alias).md","filePath":"linux/env/链接和别名(ln、alias).md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"linux/env/链接和别名(ln、alias).md"},t=i('<h1 id="链接和别名-ln、alias" tabindex="-1">链接和别名（ln、alias) <a class="header-anchor" href="#链接和别名-ln、alias" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;链接和别名（ln、alias)&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="链接" tabindex="-1">链接 <a class="header-anchor" href="#链接" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;链接&quot;">​</a></h2><p>ln： link，链接，类似windows中的快捷方式的概念，主要针对路径比较长的文件夹，建立一个链接，让访问更加方便，分为软链接（-s）和硬链接</p><h3 id="使用" tabindex="-1">使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>ln /usr/local/maven/bin/mvn(真实的路径) /usr/bin/mvn（链接路径） ## 硬链接</li><li>ln -s /usr/local/maven/bin/mvn(真实的路径) /usr/bin/mvn（链接路径） ##软链接-符号链接</li></ul><h2 id="别名" tabindex="-1">别名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#别名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;别名&quot;">​</a></h2><p>alias：别名，主要是针对某个命令，如果命令的路径比较长、比较复杂，那么起个别名会更方便</p><h3 id="使用-1" tabindex="-1">使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>查看别名：alias</li><li>定义别名：alias la=‘ll -a&#39;</li><li>取消别名：unalias la</li></ul>',9),s=[t];function r(o,_,c,d,h,u){return l(),e("div",null,s)}const b=a(n,[["render",r]]);export{p as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_\351\223\276\346\216\245\345\222\214\345\210\253\345\220\215(ln\343\200\201alias).md.e5e665cb.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_\351\223\276\346\216\245\345\222\214\345\210\253\345\220\215(ln\343\200\201alias).md.e5e665cb.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..356dc92b2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_\351\223\276\346\216\245\345\222\214\345\210\253\345\220\215(ln\343\200\201alias).md.e5e665cb.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as l,c as e,Q as i}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const p=JSON.parse('{"title":"链接和别名（ln、alias)","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/链接和别名(ln、alias).md","filePath":"linux/env/链接和别名(ln、alias).md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"linux/env/链接和别名(ln、alias).md"},t=i("",9),s=[t];function r(o,_,c,d,h,u){return l(),e("div",null,s)}const b=a(n,[["render",r]]);export{p as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_\351\230\277\351\207\214\344\272\221\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\220\257\347\224\250\345\257\206\351\222\245\347\231\273\345\275\225\345\271\266\347\246\201\347\224\250\345\257\206\347\240\201\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.5ed5834f.js" "b/assets/linux_env_\351\230\277\351\207\214\344\272\221\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\220\257\347\224\250\345\257\206\351\222\245\347\231\273\345\275\225\345\271\266\347\246\201\347\224\250\345\257\206\347\240\201\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.5ed5834f.js"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_\351\230\277\351\207\214\344\272\221\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\220\257\347\224\250\345\257\206\351\222\245\347\231\273\345\275\225\345\271\266\347\246\201\347\224\250\345\257\206\347\240\201\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.5ed5834f.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const E=JSON.parse('{"title":"阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录.md","filePath":"linux/env/阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/env/阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录.md"},l=e(`<h1 id="阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录" tabindex="-1">阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>There were 89 failed login attempts since the last successful login.</p></blockquote><p>最近登录阿里云服务器，总是发现有人恶意尝试登录，虽然密码强度很高，但是看着就闹心，索性把密码登录给ban掉改用密钥登录。</p><h2 id="生成密钥对" tabindex="-1">生成密钥对 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生成密钥对" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生成密钥对&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/.ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ssh-keygen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rsa</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;邮箱地址&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/.ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ssh-keygen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rsa</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;邮箱地址&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>此时会在/root/.ssh下生成id_rsa和id_rsa.pub的私钥和公钥</p><h2 id="服务器安装公钥" tabindex="-1">服务器安装公钥 <a class="header-anchor" href="#服务器安装公钥" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;服务器安装公钥&quot;">​</a></h2><p>使用<code>ssh-copy-id</code>命令将公钥拷贝到服务器上</p><blockquote><p>把本地的ssh公钥文件安装到远程主机对应的账户下,ssh-copy-id命令 可以把本地主机的公钥复制到远程主机的authorized_keys文件上，ssh-copy-id命令也会给远程主机的用户主目录（home）和~/.ssh, 和~/.ssh/authorized_keys设置合适的权限。 ssh-copy-id 用来将本地公钥复制到远程主机。如果不传入 -i 参数，ssh-copy-id 使用默认 ~/.ssh/identity.pub 作为默认公钥。如果多次运行 ssh-copy-id ，该命令不会检查重复，会在远程主机中多次写入 authorized_keys 。</p></blockquote><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ssh-copy-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-i </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">identify_file]</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [user@]host</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ssh-copy-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-i </span><span style="color:#032F62;">identify_file]</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [user@]host</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="修改ssh登录设置" tabindex="-1">修改ssh登录设置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改ssh登录设置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改ssh登录设置&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">RSAAuthentication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PubkeyAuthentication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">AuthorizedKeysFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.ssh/authorized_keys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#密码登录 此时不要关闭</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RSAAuthentication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PubkeyAuthentication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AuthorizedKeysFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.ssh/authorized_keys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#密码登录 此时不要关闭</span></span></code></pre></div><p>修改并保存，重启sshd服务<code>systemctl restart sshd</code></p><h2 id="设置私钥权限" tabindex="-1">设置私钥权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置私钥权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置私钥权限&quot;">​</a></h2><p>id_rsa文件权限需要调整，否则使用密钥登录会因为私钥文件权限问题被拒绝。</p><p>一般来说： .ssh目录设置700权限 id_rsa,authorized_keys文件设置600权限 id_rsa.pub,known_hosts文件设置644权限</p><h2 id="修改登录命令" tabindex="-1">修改登录命令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改登录命令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改登录命令&quot;">​</a></h2><p>登录使用<code>ssh -i &quot;私钥文件全路径&quot; root@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx</code></p><h2 id="尝试登录" tabindex="-1">尝试登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#尝试登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;尝试登录&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211218211917959.png" alt="image-20211218211917959"></p><p>登录成功</p><h2 id="关闭云服务器" tabindex="-1">关闭云服务器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭云服务器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭云服务器&quot;">​</a></h2><p>密钥登录成功后即可关闭服务器的密码登录</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#关闭密码登录</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#关闭密码登录</span></span></code></pre></div><p>保存后重启sshd服务<code>systemctl restart sshd</code></p><h2 id="尝试密码登录" tabindex="-1">尝试密码登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#尝试密码登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;尝试密码登录&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211218212154923.png" alt="image-20211218212154923"></p><p>可以看到密码登录已经被关闭</p>`,28),p=[l];function t(c,r,i,h,d,y){return a(),n("div",null,p)}const _=s(o,[["render",t]]);export{E as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_env_\351\230\277\351\207\214\344\272\221\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\220\257\347\224\250\345\257\206\351\222\245\347\231\273\345\275\225\345\271\266\347\246\201\347\224\250\345\257\206\347\240\201\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.5ed5834f.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_env_\351\230\277\351\207\214\344\272\221\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\220\257\347\224\250\345\257\206\351\222\245\347\231\273\345\275\225\345\271\266\347\246\201\347\224\250\345\257\206\347\240\201\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.5ed5834f.lean.js"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/linux_env_\351\230\277\351\207\214\344\272\221\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250\345\220\257\347\224\250\345\257\206\351\222\245\347\231\273\345\275\225\345\271\266\347\246\201\347\224\250\345\257\206\347\240\201\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.5ed5834f.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const E=JSON.parse('{"title":"阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/env/阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录.md","filePath":"linux/env/阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"linux/env/阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录.md"},l=e("",28),p=[l];function t(c,r,i,h,d,y){return a(),n("div",null,p)}const _=s(o,[["render",t]]);export{E as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_hardware_linux\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\223\215\344\275\234\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.d72a1103.js" "b/assets/linux_hardware_linux\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\223\215\344\275\234\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.d72a1103.js"
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+++ "b/assets/linux_hardware_linux\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\223\215\344\275\234\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.d72a1103.js"
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+import{_ as a,o as e,c as s,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"linux磁盘操作相关","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/hardware/linux磁盘操作相关.md","filePath":"linux/hardware/linux磁盘操作相关.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"linux/hardware/linux磁盘操作相关.md"},p=n(`<h1 id="linux磁盘操作相关" tabindex="-1">linux磁盘操作相关 <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux磁盘操作相关" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;linux磁盘操作相关&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="查看磁盘、分区情况" tabindex="-1">查看磁盘、分区情况 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看磁盘、分区情况" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看磁盘、分区情况&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>fdisk -l</code>:查看硬盘个数、分区情况</p><h2 id="分区相关" tabindex="-1">分区相关 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分区相关" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分区相关&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>fdisk /dev/sdx</code>:磁盘分区，只能分小容量（2T以内)，mbr分区表</p><p><code>parted /dev/sdx</code>:磁盘分区，gpt分区表</p><blockquote><p>多个分区需要注意4k对齐，4k对齐内容介绍见下文引用的disk genius的文章</p></blockquote><h2 id="磁盘格式化" tabindex="-1">磁盘格式化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#磁盘格式化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;磁盘格式化&quot;">​</a></h2><p>根据自己需求的文件格式选择，例如常见的ext4文件系统</p><p><code>mkfs.ext4 [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size] [-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-N number-of-inodes] [-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] device</code></p><p>可以指定inode的个数和占用的空间和多少字节一个inode，需要注意inode如果过小，当inode使用完后，即使磁盘有空间也无法再写入数据。<code>/etc/mke2fs.conf</code>文件中定义了一些默认的类型配置，usage-type根据文件系统的主要用途对应的类型，例如largefile类型为1M一个inode，还有largefile4为4M一个inode，这样可以减少inode的占用空间和个数，用于存储大文件，但是实际上inode占用的空间对于大容量硬盘来说很少。</p><h2 id="调整磁盘预留空间" tabindex="-1">调整磁盘预留空间 <a class="header-anchor" href="#调整磁盘预留空间" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;调整磁盘预留空间&quot;">​</a></h2><p>ext2/3/4文件系统会预留5%空间用于紧急情况，保障在硬盘快满的时候不至于crash，但是一个16T的硬盘的5%将近800G，实在是浪费。可以通过<code>tune2fs</code>命令来减少预留空间</p><p><code>tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sdx</code>：将设备的预留空间调整为1%，也可以改成0，但不建议。</p><h2 id="磁盘挂载" tabindex="-1">磁盘挂载 <a class="header-anchor" href="#磁盘挂载" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;磁盘挂载&quot;">​</a></h2><p>手动挂载（重启失效）：<code>mount /dev/sdx /path</code></p><p>自动挂载(开机自动挂载)：</p><ul><li>命令<code>blkid /dev/sdx</code>记录需要挂载设备的uuid</li><li><code>vim /etc/fstab</code>添加一条记录，例如</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">UUID</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">506</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ed1d0-bc35-4585-8496-1ff4de100982</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/repo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ext4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">defaults</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第一项为设备uuid 第二项为挂载点即挂载目录 第三项为文件系统类型 第四项为挂载的状态例如ro(只读)或defaults(包含了读写rw，exec，async等) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第五项为DUMP选项 默认0 第六项为被fsck命令决定启动时被扫描的文件系统顺序 仓库盘可以填0不需要扫描，系统盘1，其他可2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">UUID</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">506</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ed1d0-bc35-4585-8496-1ff4de100982</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/repo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ext4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">defaults</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第一项为设备uuid 第二项为挂载点即挂载目录 第三项为文件系统类型 第四项为挂载的状态例如ro(只读)或defaults(包含了读写rw，exec，async等) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第五项为DUMP选项 默认0 第六项为被fsck命令决定启动时被扫描的文件系统顺序 仓库盘可以填0不需要扫描，系统盘1，其他可2</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="硬盘分区4k对齐" tabindex="-1">硬盘分区4k对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#硬盘分区4k对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;硬盘分区4k对齐&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p>内容引用自<code>disk genius</code>文章：<a href="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/about-4k-alignment.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">分区4K对齐那些事，你想知道的都在这里</a></p><h2 id="物理扇区的概念" tabindex="-1">物理扇区的概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#物理扇区的概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;物理扇区的概念&quot;">​</a></h2><p>分区对齐，是指将分区起始位置对齐到一定的扇区。我们要先了解对齐和扇区的关系。我们知道，硬盘的基本读写单位是“扇区”。对于硬盘的读写操作，每次读写都是以扇区为单位进行的，最少一个扇区，通常是512个字节。由于硬盘数据存储结构的限制，单独读写1个或几个字节是不可能的。通过系统提供的接口读写文件数据时，看起来可以单独读写少量字节，实际上是经过了操作系统的转换才实现的。硬盘实际执行时读写的仍然是整个扇区。</p><p>近年来，随着对硬盘容量的要求不断增加，为了提高数据记录密度，硬盘厂商往往采用增大扇区大小的方法，于是出现了扇区大小为4096字节的硬盘。我们将这样的扇区称之为“物理扇区”。但是这样的大扇区会有兼容性问题，有的系统或软件无法适应。为了解决这个问题，硬盘内部将物理扇区在逻辑上划分为多个扇区片段并将其作为普通的扇区（一般为512字节大小）报告给操作系统及应用软件。这样的扇区片段我们称之为“逻辑扇区”。实际读写时由硬盘内的程序（固件）负责在逻辑扇区与物理扇区之间进行转换，上层程序“感觉”不到物理扇区的存在。</p><p>逻辑扇区是硬盘可以接受读写指令的最小操作单元，是操作系统及应用程序可以访问的扇区，多数情况下其大小为512字节。我们通常所说的扇区一般就是指的逻辑扇区。物理扇区是硬盘底层硬件意义上的扇区，是实际执行读写操作的最小单元。是只能由硬盘直接访问的扇区，操作系统及应用程序一般无法直接访问物理扇区。一个物理扇区可以包含一个或多个逻辑扇区（比如多数硬盘的物理扇区包含了8个逻辑扇区）。当要读写某个逻辑扇区时，硬盘底层在实际操作时都会读写逻辑扇区所在的整个物理扇区。</p><p>这里说的“硬盘”及其“扇区”的概念，同样适用于存储卡、固态硬盘（SSD）。接下来我们统称其为“磁盘”。它们在使用上的基本原理是一致的。其中固态硬盘在实现上更加复杂，它有“页”和“块”的概念，为了便于理解，我们可以简单的将其视同为逻辑扇区和物理扇区。另外固态硬盘在写入数据之前必须先执行擦除操作，不能直接写入到已存有数据的块，必须先擦除再写入。所以固态硬盘（SSD）对分区4K对齐的要求更高。如果没有对齐，额外的动作会增加更多，造成读写性能下降。</p><h2 id="分区及其格式化" tabindex="-1">分区及其格式化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分区及其格式化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分区及其格式化&quot;">​</a></h2><p>磁盘在使用之前必须要先分区并格式化。简单的理解，分区就是指从磁盘上划分出来的一大片连续的扇区。格式化则是对分区范围内扇区的使用进行规划。比如文件数据的储存如何安排、文件属性储存在哪里、目录结构如何存储等等。分区经过格式化后，就可以存储文件了。格式化程序会将分区里面的所有扇区从头至尾进行分组，划分为固定大小的“簇”，并按顺序进行编号。每个“簇”可固定包含一个或多个扇区，其扇区个数总是2的n次方。格式化以后，分区就会以“簇”为最小单位进行读写。文件的数据、属性等等信息都要保存到“簇”里面。</p><h2 id="为什么要分区对齐" tabindex="-1">为什么要分区对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么要分区对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;为什么要分区对齐&quot;">​</a></h2><p>为磁盘划分分区时，是以逻辑扇区为单位进行划分的，分区可以从任意编号的逻辑扇区开始。如果分区的起始位置没有对齐到某个物理扇区的边缘，格式化后，所有的“簇”也将无法对齐到物理扇区的边缘。如下图所示，每个物理扇区由4个逻辑扇区组成。分区是从3号扇区开始的。格式化后，每个簇占用了4个扇区，这些簇都没有对齐到物理扇区的边缘，也就是说，每个簇都跨越了2个物理扇区。</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-01.png" alt="为什么要分区对齐"></p><p>由于磁盘总是以物理扇区为单位进行读写，在这样的分区情况下，当要读取某个簇时，实际上总是需要多读取一个物理扇区的数据。比如要读取0号簇共4个逻辑扇区的数据，磁盘实际执行时，必须要读取0号和1号两个物理扇区共8个逻辑扇区的数据。同理，对“簇”的写入操作也是这样。显而易见，这样会造成读写性能的严重下降。</p><p>下面再看对齐的情况。如下图所示，分区从4号扇区开始，刚好对齐到了物理扇区1的边缘，格式化后，每个簇同样占用了4个扇区，而且这些簇都对齐到了物理扇区的边缘。</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-02.png" alt="为什么要分区对齐"></p><p>在这样对齐的情况下，当要读取某个簇，磁盘实际执行时并不需要额外读取任何扇区，可以充分发挥磁盘的读写性能。显然这正是我们需要的。</p><p>由此可见，对于物理扇区大小与逻辑扇区大小不一致的磁盘，分区4K对齐才能充分发挥磁盘的读写性能。而不对齐就会造成磁盘读写性能的下降。</p><h2 id="如何才能对齐" tabindex="-1">如何才能对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何才能对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何才能对齐&quot;">​</a></h2><p>通过前述图示的两个例子可以看到，只要将分区的起始位置对齐到物理扇区的边缘，格式化程序就会将每个簇也对齐到物理扇区的边缘，这样就实现了分区的对齐。其实对齐很简单。</p><h3 id="如何检测物理扇区大小" tabindex="-1">如何检测物理扇区大小 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何检测物理扇区大小" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何检测物理扇区大小&quot;">​</a></h3><p>划分分区时，要想实现4K对齐，必须首先知道磁盘物理扇区的大小。那么如何查询呢？</p><p>打开DiskGenius软件，点击要检测的磁盘，在软件界面右侧的磁盘参数表中，可以找到“扇区大小”和“物理扇区大小”。其中“扇区大小”指的是逻辑扇区的大小。如图所示，这个磁盘的物理扇区大小为4096字节，通过计算得知，它包含了8个逻辑扇区。</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-03.png" alt="DiskGenius查看结果"></p><h3 id="对齐到多少个扇区才正确" tabindex="-1">对齐到多少个扇区才正确 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对齐到多少个扇区才正确" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对齐到多少个扇区才正确&quot;">​</a></h3><p>知道了“扇区大小”和“物理扇区大小”，用“物理扇区大小”除以“扇区大小”就能得到每个物理扇区所包含的逻辑扇区个数。这个数值就是我们要对齐的扇区个数的最小值。只要将分区起始位置对齐到这个数值的整数倍就可以了。举个例子，比如物理扇区大小是4096字节，逻辑扇区大小是512字节，那么4096除以512，等于8。我们只要将分区起始位置对齐到8的整数倍扇区就能满足分区对齐的要求。比如对齐到8、16、24、32、... 1024、2048等等。只要这个起始扇区号能够被8整除就都可以。并不是这个除数数值越大越好。Windows系统默认对齐的扇区数是2048。这个数值基本上能满足几乎所有磁盘的4K对齐要求了。</p><h3 id="为什么大家都说4k对齐" tabindex="-1">为什么大家都说4K对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么大家都说4k对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;为什么大家都说4K对齐&quot;">​</a></h3><p>习惯而已。因为开始出现物理扇区的概念时，多数磁盘的物理扇区大小都是4096即4K字节，习惯了就俗称4K对齐了。实际划分分区时还是要检测一下物理扇区大小，因为有些磁盘的物理扇区可能包含4个、8个、16个或者更多个逻辑扇区（总是2的n次方）。知道物理扇区大小后，再按照刚才说的计算方法，以物理扇区包含的逻辑扇区个数为基准，对齐到实际的物理扇区大小才是正确的。如果物理扇区大小是8192字节，那就要按照8192字节来对齐，严格来讲，这就不能叫4K对齐了。</p><h3 id="划分分区时如何具体操作分区对齐" tabindex="-1">划分分区时如何具体操作分区对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#划分分区时如何具体操作分区对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;划分分区时如何具体操作分区对齐&quot;">​</a></h3><p>以DiskGenius软件为例，建立新分区时，在“建立新分区”对话框中勾选“对齐到下列扇区数的整数倍”，然后选择需要对齐的扇区数目，点“确定”后建立的分区就是对齐的了。</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-04.png" alt="DiskGenius复制文件"></p><p>软件在“扇区数目”下拉框中列出了很多的选项，从中选择任意一个大于物理扇区大小的扇区数都是可以的，都能满足对齐要求。软件列出那么多的扇区数选项只是增加了选择的自由度，并不是数值越大越好。使用过大的数值可能会造成磁盘空间的浪费。软件默认的设置已经能够满足几乎所有磁盘的 4K对齐要求。</p><p>除了“建立新分区”对话框，DiskGenius软件还有一个“<a href="https://www.diskgenius.cn/help/fastpart.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">快速分区</a>”功能，其中也有相同的对齐设置。如下图所示：</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-05.png" alt="注册DiskGenius"></p><h2 id="如何检测是否对齐" tabindex="-1">如何检测是否对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何检测是否对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何检测是否对齐&quot;">​</a></h2><p>作为一款强大的分区管理软件，DiskGenius同样提供了<a href="https://www.diskgenius.cn/help/4k-alignment.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">分区4K对齐检测</a>的功能。你可以用它检测一下自己硬盘的分区是否对齐了。使用方法很简单，打开软件后，首先在软件左侧选中要检测的磁盘，然后选择“工具”菜单中的“分区4KB扇区对齐检测”，软件立即显示检测结果，如下图所示：</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-06.png" alt="注册DiskGenius"></p><p>最右侧“对齐”一栏是“Y”的分区就是对齐的分区，否则就是没有对齐。没有对齐的分区会用红色字体显示。</p></blockquote>`,21),o=[p];function t(i,r,c,d,h,u){return e(),s("div",null,o)}const f=a(l,[["render",t]]);export{b as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/linux_hardware_linux\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\223\215\344\275\234\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.d72a1103.lean.js" "b/assets/linux_hardware_linux\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\223\215\344\275\234\347\233\270\345\205\263.md.d72a1103.lean.js"
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+import{_ as a,o as e,c as s,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"linux磁盘操作相关","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/hardware/linux磁盘操作相关.md","filePath":"linux/hardware/linux磁盘操作相关.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"linux/hardware/linux磁盘操作相关.md"},p=n("",21),o=[p];function t(i,r,c,d,h,u){return e(),s("div",null,o)}const f=a(l,[["render",t]]);export{b as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git a/assets/linux_index.md.84fe8f9c.js b/assets/linux_index.md.84fe8f9c.js
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/linux_index.md.84fe8f9c.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as a,c as n,k as e,a as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/index.md","filePath":"linux/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"linux/index.md"},s=e("h1",{id:"linux",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Linux "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#linux","aria-label":'Permalink to "Linux"'},"​")],-1),c=e("blockquote",null,[e("p",null,"Talk is cheap，show me the code。")],-1),d=[s,c];function l(r,x,_,u,h,p){return a(),n("div",null,d)}const k=t(i,[["render",l]]);export{f as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git a/assets/linux_index.md.84fe8f9c.lean.js b/assets/linux_index.md.84fe8f9c.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bbbfc10e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/linux_index.md.84fe8f9c.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as a,c as n,k as e,a as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Linux","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"linux/index.md","filePath":"linux/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"linux/index.md"},s=e("h1",{id:"linux",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Linux "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#linux","aria-label":'Permalink to "Linux"'},"​")],-1),c=e("blockquote",null,[e("p",null,"Talk is cheap，show me the code。")],-1),d=[s,c];function l(r,x,_,u,h,p){return a(),n("div",null,d)}const k=t(i,[["render",l]]);export{f as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_base_python\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.41aa0843.js" "b/assets/python_base_python\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.41aa0843.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2b779946
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_base_python\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.41aa0843.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"python基础语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/base/python基础语法.md","filePath":"python/base/python基础语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/base/python基础语法.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="python基础语法" tabindex="-1">python基础语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python基础语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python基础语法&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="第一个python程序" tabindex="-1">第一个Python程序 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一个python程序" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一个Python程序&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="基础语法" tabindex="-1">基础语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础语法&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="标识符" tabindex="-1">标识符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#标识符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;标识符&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>第一个字符必须是字母或下划线<code>_</code></li><li>标识符由字母、数字、下划线组成</li><li>标识符对大小写敏感</li></ul><p>python3中支持中文变量名</p><h3 id="python关键字" tabindex="-1">python关键字 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python关键字" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python关键字&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> keyword</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(keyword.kwlist)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;False&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;None&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;True&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__peg_parser__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;and&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;as&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;assert&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;async&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;await&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;break&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;class&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;continue&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;def&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;del&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;elif&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;else&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;except&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;finally&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;for&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;from&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;global&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;if&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;import&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;in&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;is&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;lambda&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;nonlocal&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;not&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;or&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pass&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;raise&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;return&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;try&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;while&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;with&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;yield&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> keyword</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(keyword.kwlist)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;False&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;None&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;True&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__peg_parser__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;and&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;as&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;assert&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;async&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;await&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;break&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;class&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;continue&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;def&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;del&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;elif&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;else&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;except&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;finally&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;for&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;from&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;global&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;if&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;import&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;in&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;is&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;lambda&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;nonlocal&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;not&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;or&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pass&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;raise&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;return&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;try&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;while&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;with&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;yield&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="注释" tabindex="-1">注释 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注释" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注释&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python中单行注释<code>#</code></p><p>多行注释可以多个<code>#</code>或者三单引号<code>&#39;&#39;&#39;</code>和三双引号<code>&quot;&quot;&quot;</code></p><h3 id="行与缩进" tabindex="-1">行与缩进 <a class="header-anchor" href="#行与缩进" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;行与缩进&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python使用缩进来表示代码块，而不是像Java一样的<code>{}</code>，目前还很不习惯。。</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;true&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;false&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;true&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;false&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="多行语句" tabindex="-1">多行语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多行语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多行语句&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python一般一行写一条一句，特殊情况可以使用反斜杠<code>\\</code>实现多行语句</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">total </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item_one </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item_two </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item_three</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">total </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item_one </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item_two </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item_three</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在<code>[]</code>,<code>{}</code>,<code>()</code>中的多行语句不需要<code>\\</code></p><h3 id="数字类型" tabindex="-1">数字类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数字类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数字类型&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python中的数字有四种类型：</p><ul><li>int整型</li><li>bool布尔</li><li>float浮点</li><li>complex复数 例如 1+2j</li></ul><h3 id="字符串" tabindex="-1">字符串 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字符串" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字符串&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>python中的单引号和双引号完全相同</li><li>使用三引号可以指定多行字符串</li><li>转义符<code>\\</code></li><li>反斜杠可用作转移，使用r可以让反斜杠不发生转义。例如 r‘this is a line with \\n’ 则会显示\\n而非换行</li><li>级联字符串“this” “is” “string” 会转换为“this is string”</li><li>字符串可以用+运算符实现拼接，用*表示重复</li><li>python中字符串有两种索引方式，从左往右从0开始，从右往左从-1开始</li><li>python中字符串不能改变（和java一样）</li><li>python没有字符类型，一个字符就是长度为1的字符串</li><li>字符串切片：变量[头下标:尾下标:步长]</li></ul><h3 id="空行" tabindex="-1">空行 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空行" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空行&quot;">​</a></h3><p>函数之间或类之间用空行分隔，一般是两个空行，以分隔两段不同功能或含义的代码</p><p>同一行显示多条语句</p><p>使用<code>;</code>分隔（ps，python的语句后面不用每行加分号，好不习惯。。。）</p><h3 id="代码块" tabindex="-1">代码块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#代码块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;代码块&quot;">​</a></h3><p>缩进相同的一组语句构成一个代码块，我们称首行及后面的代码称为一个子句（clause）</p><h3 id="print输出" tabindex="-1">print输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#print输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;print输出&quot;">​</a></h3><p>print输出类似java中的println，默认是换行的，如果不想换行在print函数中加入参数<code>ene=&#39;&#39;</code></p><p>例如 <code>print(&#39;x&#39;, end =&#39;&#39; )</code></p><h2 id="基本数据类型" tabindex="-1">基本数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本数据类型&quot;">​</a></h2><p>python中的变量不需要声明（但python是强类型语言），使用变量前必须赋值，赋值以后变量才会创建。</p><p>在python中，变量就是变量，没有类型。我们所说的类型是变量所指的内存中对象的数据类型</p><h3 id="多个变量赋值" tabindex="-1">多个变量赋值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多个变量赋值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多个变量赋值&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span></code></pre></div><p>以上实例，创建一个整型对象1，从后向前赋值，三个变量被赋予相同的值</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a, b, c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;noob&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a, b, c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;noob&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>以上实例，两个整型对象1，2分配给a和b，字符串对象<code>noob</code>分配给变量c</p><h3 id="标准数据类型" tabindex="-1">标准数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#标准数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;标准数据类型&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python3中有六个标准数据类型</p><ul><li>Number</li><li>String</li><li>List</li><li>Tuple</li><li>Set</li><li>Dictionary</li></ul><p>其中</p><ul><li>可变数据类型：List、Dictionary、Set</li><li>不可变：Number、String、Tuple</li></ul><h3 id="判断数据类型" tabindex="-1">判断数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#判断数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;判断数据类型&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>type()</code>函数或者<code>isinstance()</code>函数</p><p>区别：</p><ul><li>type()不会认为子类是父类的类型</li><li>isinstance()会认为子类是父类类型</li></ul><h3 id="数值运算符" tabindex="-1">数值运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数值运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数值运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><p>特殊：</p><ul><li><code>//</code>除法，得到一个整数</li><li><code>%</code>取余数（取模）</li><li>混合计算时，python会把整型转换为浮点型</li></ul><h3 id="string" tabindex="-1">String <a class="header-anchor" href="#string" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;String&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python的字符串用单引号或双引号括起来</p><h4 id="特殊用法" tabindex="-1">特殊用法: <a class="header-anchor" href="#特殊用法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;特殊用法:&quot;">​</a></h4><p>定义字符串时 加前缀 u/b/r/f</p><ul><li>u:作用以Unicode格式编码字符串,一般用在中文字符串前面，防止因为源码储存格式问题，导致再次使用时出现乱码</li><li>b:表示：后面字符串是bytes 类型</li><li>r:作用是去除转义字符</li><li>f:作用是支持大括号内的python 表达式</li></ul><p>字符串截取语法：<code>变量[头下标:尾下标]</code> 前闭后开</p><p>字符串的切片:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Runoob&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出第一个到倒数第二个的所有字符 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串第一个字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出从第三个开始到第五个的字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:])      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出从第三个开始的后的所有字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串两次，也可以写成 print (2 * str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TEST&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 连接字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Runoob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Runoo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">R</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">noo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">noob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">RunoobRunoob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">RunoobTEST</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Runoob&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出第一个到倒数第二个的所有字符 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串第一个字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出从第三个开始到第五个的字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:])      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出从第三个开始的后的所有字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串两次，也可以写成 print (2 * str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;TEST&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 连接字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Runoob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Runoo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">R</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">noo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">noob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">RunoobRunoob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">RunoobTEST</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="list" tabindex="-1">List <a class="header-anchor" href="#list" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;List&quot;">​</a></h3><p>List是python中使用最频繁的数据类型</p><p>列表是写在方括号<code>[]</code>之间、用逗号分隔开的元素列表</p><p>和字符串一样，列表可以被索引和截取，列表被截取后返回一个新列表</p><p><strong>注意：</strong></p><ul><li>列表可以使用<code>+</code>进行拼接</li></ul><h3 id="tuple元组" tabindex="-1">Tuple元组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#tuple元组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Tuple元组&quot;">​</a></h3><p>tuple和列表类似，但是是由<code>()</code>括起来的，且不可变数据类型</p><p>元素一样可以被索引和截取，元组也可以使用+进行拼接</p><h3 id="set" tabindex="-1">Set <a class="header-anchor" href="#set" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Set&quot;">​</a></h3><p>set可以使用大括号<code>{}</code>或者<code>set()</code>函数创建集合，创建一个空集合时必须使用set()函数而非<code>{ }</code>，因为<code>{ }</code>被用来创建一个空字典</p><p>set和java中的set集合一样存储的数据都是不重复的</p><h3 id="dictionary" tabindex="-1">Dictionary <a class="header-anchor" href="#dictionary" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Dictionary&quot;">​</a></h3><p>字典（dictionary）是Python中另一个非常有用的内置数据类型。 类似java的Map</p><p>列表是有序的对象集合，字典是无序的对象集合。两者之间的区别在于：字典当中的元素是通过键来存取的，而不是通过偏移存取。</p><p>字典是一种映射类型，字典用 <strong>{ }</strong> 标识，它是一个无序的 <strong>键(key) : 值(value)</strong> 的集合。</p><p>键(key)必须使用不可变类型。</p><p>在同一个字典中，键(key)必须是唯一的。</p><h3 id="python的数据类型转换" tabindex="-1">python的数据类型转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python的数据类型转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python的数据类型转换&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th>语法</th><th>作用</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>[int(x <a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-int.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">,base])</a></td><td>将x转换为一个整数</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-float.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">float(x)</a></td><td>将x转换到一个浮点数</td></tr><tr><td>[complex(real <a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-complex.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">,imag])</a></td><td>创建一个复数</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-str.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">str(x)</a></td><td>将对象 x 转换为字符串</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-repr.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">repr(x)</a></td><td>将对象 x 转换为表达式字符串</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-eval.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">eval(str)</a></td><td>用来计算在字符串中的有效Python表达式,并返回一个对象</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-tuple.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">tuple(s)</a></td><td>将序列 s 转换为一个元组</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-att-list-list.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">list(s)</a></td><td>将序列 s 转换为一个列表</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-set.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">set(s)</a></td><td>转换为可变集合</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-dict.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">dict(d)</a></td><td>创建一个字典。d 必须是一个 (key, value)元组序列。</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-frozenset.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">frozenset(s)</a></td><td>转换为不可变集合</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-chr.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">chr(x)</a></td><td>将一个整数转换为一个字符</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-ord.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ord(x)</a></td><td>将一个字符转换为它的整数值</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-hex.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">hex(x)</a></td><td>将一个整数转换为一个十六进制字符串</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-oct.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">oct(x)</a></td><td>将一个整数转换为一个八进制字符串</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="运算符" tabindex="-1">运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;运算符&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="算术运算符" tabindex="-1">算术运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#算术运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;算术运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">+</td><td style="text-align:left;">加 - 两个对象相加</td><td style="text-align:left;">a + b 输出结果 31</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">-</td><td style="text-align:left;">减 - 得到负数或是一个数减去另一个数</td><td style="text-align:left;">a - b 输出结果 -11</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">*</td><td style="text-align:left;">乘 - 两个数相乘或是返回一个被重复若干次的字符串</td><td style="text-align:left;">a * b 输出结果 210</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">/</td><td style="text-align:left;">除 - x 除以 y</td><td style="text-align:left;">b / a 输出结果 2.1</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">%</td><td style="text-align:left;">取模 - 返回除法的余数</td><td style="text-align:left;">b % a 输出结果 1</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">**</td><td style="text-align:left;">幂 - 返回x的y次幂</td><td style="text-align:left;">a**b 为10的21次方</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">//</td><td style="text-align:left;">取整除 - 向下取接近商的整数</td><td style="text-align:left;"><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; 9//2 4 &gt;&gt;&gt; -9//2 -5</code></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="比较运算符" tabindex="-1">比较运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#比较运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;比较运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">==</td><td style="text-align:left;">等于 - 比较对象是否相等</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a == b) 返回 False。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">!=</td><td style="text-align:left;">不等于 - 比较两个对象是否不相等</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a != b) 返回 True。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">&gt;</td><td style="text-align:left;">大于 - 返回x是否大于y</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a &gt; b) 返回 False。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">&lt;</td><td style="text-align:left;">小于 - 返回x是否小于y。所有比较运算符返回1表示真，返回0表示假。这分别与特殊的变量True和False等价。注意，这些变量名的大写。</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a &lt; b) 返回 True。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">&gt;=</td><td style="text-align:left;">大于等于 - 返回x是否大于等于y。</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a &gt;= b) 返回 False。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">&lt;=</td><td style="text-align:left;">小于等于 - 返回x是否小于等于y。</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a &lt;= b) 返回 True。</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="赋值运算符" tabindex="-1">赋值运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#赋值运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;赋值运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">=</td><td style="text-align:left;">简单的赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c = a + b 将 a + b 的运算结果赋值为 c</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">+=</td><td style="text-align:left;">加法赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c += a 等效于 c = c + a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">-=</td><td style="text-align:left;">减法赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c -= a 等效于 c = c - a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">*=</td><td style="text-align:left;">乘法赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c *= a 等效于 c = c * a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">/=</td><td style="text-align:left;">除法赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c /= a 等效于 c = c / a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">%=</td><td style="text-align:left;">取模赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c %= a 等效于 c = c % a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">**=</td><td style="text-align:left;">幂赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c **= a 等效于 c = c ** a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">//=</td><td style="text-align:left;">取整除赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c //= a 等效于 c = c // a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">:=</td><td style="text-align:left;">海象运算符，可在表达式内部为变量赋值。<strong>Python3.8 版本新增运算符</strong>。</td><td style="text-align:left;">在这个示例中，赋值表达式可以避免调用 len() 两次:<code>if (n := len(a)) &gt; 10: print(f&quot;List is too long ({n} elements, expected &lt;= 10)&quot;)</code>（这个特性java中默认就有）</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="逻辑运算符" tabindex="-1">逻辑运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#逻辑运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;逻辑运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">逻辑表达式</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">and</td><td style="text-align:left;">x and y</td><td style="text-align:left;">布尔&quot;与&quot; - 如果 x 为 False，x and y 返回 x 的值，否则返回 y 的计算值。</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a and b) 返回 20。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">or</td><td style="text-align:left;">x or y</td><td style="text-align:left;">布尔&quot;或&quot; - 如果 x 是 True，它返回 x 的值，否则它返回 y 的计算值。</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a or b) 返回 10。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">not</td><td style="text-align:left;">not x</td><td style="text-align:left;">布尔&quot;非&quot; - 如果 x 为 True，返回 False 。如果 x 为 False，它返回 True。</td><td style="text-align:left;">not(a and b) 返回 False</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="成员运算符" tabindex="-1">成员运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#成员运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;成员运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">in</td><td style="text-align:left;">如果在指定的序列中找到值返回 True，否则返回 False。</td><td style="text-align:left;">x 在 y 序列中 , 如果 x 在 y 序列中返回 True。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">not in</td><td style="text-align:left;">如果在指定的序列中没有找到值返回 True，否则返回 False。</td><td style="text-align:left;">x 不在 y 序列中 , 如果 x 不在 y 序列中返回 True。</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="身份运算符" tabindex="-1">身份运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#身份运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;身份运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">is</td><td style="text-align:left;">is 是判断两个标识符是不是引用自一个对象</td><td style="text-align:left;"><strong>x is y</strong>, 类似 <strong>id(x) == id(y)</strong> , 如果引用的是同一个对象则返回 True，否则返回 False</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">is not</td><td style="text-align:left;">is not 是判断两个标识符是不是引用自不同对象</td><td style="text-align:left;"><strong>x is not y</strong> ， 类似 <strong>id(a) != id(b)</strong>。如果引用的不是同一个对象则返回结果 True，否则返回 False。</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="流程控制语句" tabindex="-1">流程控制语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程控制语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程控制语句&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="if条件控制" tabindex="-1">if条件控制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#if条件控制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;if条件控制&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python的条件控控制语法上和格式上和java一些区别</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> condition_1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement_block_1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">elif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> condition_2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement_block_2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement_block_3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> condition_1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement_block_1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">elif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> condition_2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement_block_2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement_block_3</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Python 中用 <strong>elif</strong> 代替了 <strong>else if</strong>，所以if语句的关键字为：<strong>if – elif – else</strong>。</p><p><strong>注意：</strong></p><ul><li>1、每个条件后面要使用冒号 <strong>:</strong>，表示接下来是满足条件后要执行的语句块。</li><li>2、使用缩进来划分语句块，相同缩进数的语句在一起组成一个语句块。</li><li>3、在Python中没有switch – case语句。</li></ul><h4 id="if后跟的表达式" tabindex="-1">if后跟的表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#if后跟的表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;if后跟的表达式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>如果if后面的条件是数字，只要这个数字不是0，python都会把它当做True处理</p></li><li><p>如果if后面跟的是字符串，则只要这个字符串不为空串，python就把它看作True</p></li><li><p>同样的如果if后跟元组，list，set，字典 只要不为空就是true</p></li></ul><h4 id="三目运算" tabindex="-1">三目运算 <a class="header-anchor" href="#三目运算" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;三目运算&quot;">​</a></h4><p>和java中的三元运算类似</p><p>语法: <code>变量 = 表达式1 if 条件 else 表达式2</code></p><p>例如</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="循环控制语句" tabindex="-1">循环控制语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#循环控制语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;循环控制语句&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python中的循环有for和while两种</p><h4 id="while" tabindex="-1">while <a class="header-anchor" href="#while" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;while&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 判断条件(condition)：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    执行语句(statements)……</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 判断条件(condition)：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    执行语句(statements)……</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="while循环使用else" tabindex="-1">while循环使用else <a class="header-anchor" href="#while循环使用else" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;while循环使用else&quot;">​</a></h5><p>while...else在条件语句为false时执行else的代码块</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expr:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expr:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement2</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="for" tabindex="-1">for <a class="header-anchor" href="#for" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;for&quot;">​</a></h4><p>for 循环可以遍历任何可选代对象，如一个列表或者一个字符串。</p><p>for循环的一般格式如下：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">variable</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sequence</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">statements</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">statements</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">variable</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">sequence</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">statements</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">statements</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="continue和break" tabindex="-1">continue和break <a class="header-anchor" href="#continue和break" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;continue和break&quot;">​</a></h4><p>用法和java一样</p><p><strong>break区别</strong>：</p><ul><li>python中的else和配合循环使用，在循环穷尽列表(for循环)或条件变为 false (while循环)导致循环终止时被执行，但循环被 break 终止时不执行。</li></ul><p>例如:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;33333333&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;循环完毕&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">执行结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">33333333</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">循环完毕</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;33333333&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;循环完毕&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">执行结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">33333333</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">循环完毕</span></span></code></pre></div><p>而当循环是break终止的时候，else代码块不会执行：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;333&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;循环完毕&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">执行结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">333</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;333&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;循环完毕&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">执行结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">333</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="pass" tabindex="-1">pass <a class="header-anchor" href="#pass" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pass&quot;">​</a></h4><p>Python pass是空语句，是为了保持程序结构的完整性。</p><p>pass 不做任何事情，一般用做占位语句</p><p>例如：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyTestClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">my_func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expr:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyTestClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">my_func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expr:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="迭代器与生成器" tabindex="-1">迭代器与生成器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#迭代器与生成器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;迭代器与生成器&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="迭代器" tabindex="-1">迭代器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#迭代器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;迭代器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>迭代器是python中访问集合元素的一种方式，有两个基本方法<code>iter()</code>和<code>next()</code></p><p>字符串、列表或元组对象都可以创建迭代器</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">it </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(it))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(it))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">it </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(it))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(it))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span></code></pre></div><p>迭代器对象可以使用常规for语句进行遍历：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">it </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> it:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">end</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">it </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> it:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">end</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="生成器" tabindex="-1">生成器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生成器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生成器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在 Python 中，使用了 yield 的函数被称为生成器（generator）。</p><p>跟普通函数不同的是，生成器是一个返回迭代器的函数，只能用于迭代操作，更简单点理解生成器就是一个迭代器。</p><p>在调用生成器运行的过程中，每次遇到 yield 时函数会暂停并保存当前所有的运行信息，返回 yield 的值, 并在下一次执行 next() 方法时从当前位置继续运行。</p><p>调用一个生成器函数，返回的是一个迭代器对象。</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen_fun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;11111111111&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;22222222222&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gen_fun()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">generator </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gen_fun at </span><span style="color:#F97583;">0x</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0000029394291AC0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">22222222222</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen_fun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;11111111111&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;22222222222&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gen_fun()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">generator </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gen_fun at </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">0x</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0000029394291AC0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">11111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">22222222222</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的代码可以看到在调用函数过程中,&#39;111111&#39;和&#39;222222222&#39;并没有打印出来,而是在for循环中才执行,这就是因为yield导致了函数的暂停,而for循环实际底层是迭代器实现,所以才恢复到print语句的位置继续执行</p><h2 id="函数" tabindex="-1">函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数&quot;">​</a></h2><p>对应java中的方法</p><h3 id="定义一个函数" tabindex="-1">定义一个函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定义一个函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定义一个函数&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>函数代码块以 <strong>def</strong> 关键词开头，后接函数标识符名称和圆括号 <strong>()</strong>。</li><li>任何传入参数和自变量必须放在圆括号中间，圆括号之间可以用于定义参数。</li><li>函数的第一行语句可以选择性地使用文档字符串—用于存放函数说明。</li><li>函数内容以冒号 <strong>:</strong> 起始，并且缩进。</li><li><strong>return [表达式]</strong> 结束函数，选择性地返回一个值给调用方，不带表达式的 return 相当于返回 None。</li></ul><p>一般格式：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 函数名（参数列表）:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    函数体</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 函数名（参数列表）:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    函数体</span></span></code></pre></div><p>默认情况下，参数值和名称是按声明的顺序匹配的</p><h3 id="参数传递" tabindex="-1">参数传递 <a class="header-anchor" href="#参数传递" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;参数传递&quot;">​</a></h3><p>由于python中的变量没有类型，所以不像java的参数列表都是有类型声明的</p><p>在 python 中，strings, tuples, 和 numbers 是不可更改的对象，而 list,dict 等则是可以修改的对象。</p><ul><li><strong>不可变类型:</strong> 变量赋值 <strong>a=5</strong> 后再赋值 <strong>a=10</strong>，这里实际是新生成一个 int 值对象 10，再让 a 指向它，而 5 被丢弃，不是改变 a 的值，相当于新生成了 a。</li><li><strong>可变类型:</strong> 变量赋值 <strong>la=[1,2,3,4]</strong> 后再赋值 <strong>la[2]=5</strong> 则是将 list la 的第三个元素值更改，本身la没有动，只是其内部的一部分值被修改了。</li></ul><h4 id="python函数的参数传递-这个和java有区别-java都是值传递" tabindex="-1">python函数的参数传递：<strong>这个和java有区别，java都是值传递</strong> <a class="header-anchor" href="#python函数的参数传递-这个和java有区别-java都是值传递" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python函数的参数传递：**这个和java有区别，java都是值传递**&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><strong>不可变类型:</strong> 值传递，如整数、字符串、元组。如 fun(a)，传递的只是 a 的值，没有影响 a 对象本身。如果在 fun(a) 内部修改 a 的值，则是新生成一个 a 的对象。</li><li><strong>可变类型:</strong> 引用传递，如 列表，字典。如 fun(la)，则是将 la 真正的传过去，修改后 fun 外部的 la 也会受影响</li></ul><h3 id="参数" tabindex="-1">参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;参数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>以下是调用函数时可使用的正式参数类型：</p><h4 id="必需参数" tabindex="-1">必需参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#必需参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;必需参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>按照正确顺序传入参数，调用的数量和声明的数量必须一致</p><h4 id="关键字参数" tabindex="-1">关键字参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关键字参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关键字参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>调用使用关键字参数来确定传入的参数值，使用关键字参数允许调用时与声明时的顺序不一致，因为python解释器能用参数名匹配参数值</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">print_me</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">print_me(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printinfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( name, age ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;打印任何传入的字符串&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;名字: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;年龄: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, age)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用printinfo函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mike&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">名字： mike</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">年龄： </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">print_me</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">print_me(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printinfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( name, age ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;打印任何传入的字符串&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;名字: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;年龄: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, age)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用printinfo函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mike&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">名字： mike</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">年龄： </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="默认参数" tabindex="-1">默认参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#默认参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;默认参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>调用函数时，如果没有传递参数，则会使用默认参数。以下实例中如果没有传入 age 参数，则使用默认值</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printinfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( name, age </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">35</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;名字: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;年龄: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, age)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用printinfo函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tom&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;------------------------&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tom&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">名字:  tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">年龄:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">------------------------</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">名字:  tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">年龄:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">35</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printinfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( name, age </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">35</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;名字: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;年龄: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, age)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用printinfo函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tom&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;------------------------&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tom&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">名字:  tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">年龄:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">------------------------</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">名字:  tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">年龄:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">35</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="不定长参数" tabindex="-1">不定长参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不定长参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不定长参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>你可能需要一个函数能处理比当初声明时更多的参数。这些参数叫做不定长参数，和上述 2 种参数不同，声明时不会命名。</p><h5 id="args" tabindex="-1">*args <a class="header-anchor" href="#args" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;*args&quot;">​</a></h5><p>*args就是就是传递一个可变参数列表给函数实参，这个参数列表的数目未知，甚至长度可以为0。下面这段代码演示了如何使用args</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test_args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(first, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Required argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, first)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Optional argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test_args(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Required argument:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tuple&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test_args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(first, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Required argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, first)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Optional argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test_args(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Required argument:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tuple&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="kwargs" tabindex="-1">**kwargs <a class="header-anchor" href="#kwargs" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;**kwargs&quot;">​</a></h5><p>而**kwargs则是将一个可变的关键字参数的字典传给函数实参，同样参数列表长度可以为0或为其他值。下面这段代码演示了如何使用kwargs</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test_kwargs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(first, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Required argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, first)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(kwargs))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Optional argument (args): &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> k, v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kwargs.items():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Optional argument </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (k, v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test_kwargs(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">k1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">k2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Required argument:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dict&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument k2 (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument k1 (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test_kwargs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(first, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Required argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, first)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(kwargs))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Optional argument (args): &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> k, v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kwargs.items():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Optional argument </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (k, v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test_kwargs(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">k1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">k2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Required argument:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dict&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument k2 (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument k1 (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="参数中单独的" tabindex="-1">参数中单独的* <a class="header-anchor" href="#参数中单独的" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;参数中单独的*&quot;">​</a></h5><p>声明函数时，参数中星号 * 可以单独出现，例如:</p><p>参数列表里的 * 星号，标志着位置参数的就此终结，之后的那些参数，都只能以关键字形式来指定。</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a,b,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,c):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># f（1，2，3）-&gt;会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># f（1，2，c=3) -&gt; 正常</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a,b,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,c):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># f（1，2，3）-&gt;会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># f（1，2，c=3) -&gt; 正常</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="调用" tabindex="-1">调用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#调用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;调用&quot;">​</a></h5><p>args和kwargs不仅可以在函数定义中使用，还可以在函数调用中使用。在函数定义时使用就相当于pack（打包），在函数调用时就相当于unpack（解包）。</p><p>首先来看一下使用args来解包调用函数的代码，</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test_args_kwargs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg1, arg2, arg3):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arg1:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, arg1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arg2:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, arg2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arg3:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, arg3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;two&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test_args_kwargs(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg1: two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg2: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg3: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test_args_kwargs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg1, arg2, arg3):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arg1:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, arg1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arg2:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, arg2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arg3:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, arg3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;two&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test_args_kwargs(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">arg1: two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">arg2: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">arg3: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span></code></pre></div><p>kwargs的用法类似：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">kwargs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{&quot;arg3&quot;:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arg2&quot;:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;two&quot;,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arg1&quot;:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">test_args_kwargs(**kwargs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">arg1:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">arg2:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">arg3:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">kwargs</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">{&quot;arg3&quot;:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arg2&quot;:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;two&quot;,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arg1&quot;:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test_args_kwargs(**kwargs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">arg1:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">arg2:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">arg3:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="匿名函数" tabindex="-1">匿名函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python中使用lambda来创建匿名函数</p><p>所谓匿名，意即不再使用 def 语句这样标准的形式定义一个函数。</p><ul><li>lambda 只是一个表达式，函数体比 def 简单很多。</li><li>lambda的主体是一个表达式，而不是一个代码块。仅仅能在lambda表达式中封装有限的逻辑进去。</li><li>lambda 函数拥有自己的命名空间，且不能访问自己参数列表之外或全局命名空间里的参数。</li><li>lambda函数只能写一行</li></ul><h4 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">lambda</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [arg1 [,arg2,.....argn]]:expression</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">lambda</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [arg1 [,arg2,.....argn]]:expression</span></span></code></pre></div><p>例子：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">lambda</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg1, arg2: arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 调用sum函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;相加后的值为 : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;相加后的值为 : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">相加后的值为 :  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">相加后的值为 :  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">40</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">lambda</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg1, arg2: arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 调用sum函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;相加后的值为 : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;相加后的值为 : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">相加后的值为 :  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">相加后的值为 :  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">40</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="列表推导式" tabindex="-1">列表推导式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#列表推导式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;列表推导式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>作用:快速生成列表</p><p>语法:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">变量 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [生成规则 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 临时变量 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 集合]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">变量 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [生成规则 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 临时变量 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 集合]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>每循环一次就会生成一个符合生成规则的数据添加到列表中</p><p>例如:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(my_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(my_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="强制位置参数" tabindex="-1">强制位置参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#强制位置参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;强制位置参数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Python3.8 新增了一个函数形参语法 / 用来指明函数形参必须使用指定位置参数，不能使用关键字参数的形式。</p><p>在以下的例子中，形参 a 和 b 必须使用指定位置参数，c 或 d 可以是位置形参或关键字形参，而 e 或 f 要求为关键字形参:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, c, d, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, e, f):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b, c, d, e, f)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, c, d, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, e, f):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b, c, d, e, f)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>正确：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">f(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">40</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">f</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">f(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">40</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">f</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>错误：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">f(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">c</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">40</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">f</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># b 不能使用关键字参数的形式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">f(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">40</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">f</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)           </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># e 必须使用关键字参数的形式</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">f(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">c</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">40</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">f</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># b 不能使用关键字参数的形式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">f(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">40</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">f</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)           </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># e 必须使用关键字参数的形式</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="模块" tabindex="-1">模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> module1[, module2[,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moduleN]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name1[, name2[, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> nameN]]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> module1[, module2[,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moduleN]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name1[, name2[, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> nameN]]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="name-属性" tabindex="-1">__name__属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#name-属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;__name__属性&quot;">​</a></h3><p>一个模块被另一个程序第一次引入时，其主程序将运行。如果我们想在模块被引入时，模块中的某一程序块不执行，我们可以用__name__属性来使该程序块仅在该模块自身运行时执行。</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;程序自身在运行&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;我来自另一模块&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;程序自身在运行&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;我来自另一模块&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>说明：</strong> 每个模块都有一个__name__属性，当其值是&#39;<strong>main</strong>&#39;时，表明该模块自身在运行，否则是被引入。</p><p>说明：<strong><strong>name</strong></strong> 与 <strong><strong>main</strong></strong> 底下是双下划线</p><h3 id="dir-函数" tabindex="-1">dir()函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dir-函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;dir()函数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sys)  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__displayhook__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__doc__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__excepthook__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__loader__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__name__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__package__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__stderr__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__stdin__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__stdout__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_clear_type_cache&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_current_frames&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_debugmallocstats&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_getframe&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_mercurial&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_xoptions&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;abiflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;api_version&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;argv&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;base_exec_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;base_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;builtin_module_names&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;byteorder&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;call_tracing&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;callstats&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;copyright&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;displayhook&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dont_write_bytecode&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;exc_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;excepthook&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;exec_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;executable&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;exit&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;flags&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;float_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;float_repr_style&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getcheckinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getdefaultencoding&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getdlopenflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getfilesystemencoding&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getobjects&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getprofile&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getrecursionlimit&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getrefcount&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getsizeof&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getswitchinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;gettotalrefcount&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;gettrace&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hash_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hexversion&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;implementation&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;int_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;intern&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;maxsize&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;maxunicode&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;meta_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;modules&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;path_hooks&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;path_importer_cache&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;platform&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ps1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setcheckinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setdlopenflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setprofile&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setrecursionlimit&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setswitchinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;settrace&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;stderr&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;stdin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;stdout&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;thread_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;version&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;version_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;warnoptions&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">dir</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sys)  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__displayhook__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__doc__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__excepthook__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__loader__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__name__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__package__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__stderr__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__stdin__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__stdout__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_clear_type_cache&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_current_frames&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_debugmallocstats&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_getframe&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_mercurial&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_xoptions&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;abiflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;api_version&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;argv&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;base_exec_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;base_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;builtin_module_names&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;byteorder&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;call_tracing&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;callstats&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;copyright&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;displayhook&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dont_write_bytecode&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;exc_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;excepthook&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;exec_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;executable&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;exit&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;flags&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;float_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;float_repr_style&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getcheckinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getdefaultencoding&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getdlopenflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getfilesystemencoding&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getobjects&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getprofile&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getrecursionlimit&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getrefcount&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getsizeof&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getswitchinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;gettotalrefcount&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;gettrace&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hash_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hexversion&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;implementation&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;int_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;intern&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;maxsize&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;maxunicode&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;meta_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;modules&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;path_hooks&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;path_importer_cache&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;platform&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ps1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setcheckinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setdlopenflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setprofile&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setrecursionlimit&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setswitchinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;settrace&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;stderr&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;stdin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;stdout&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;thread_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;version&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;version_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;warnoptions&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="注意点" tabindex="-1">注意点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注意点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注意点&quot;">​</a></h3><p>自定义模块名不要和系统中要使用的模块名字一样</p><blockquote><p>模块搜索顺序-&gt;当前目录-&gt;系统目录(sys.path)-&gt; 程序报错</p></blockquote><h2 id="包" tabindex="-1">包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包&quot;">​</a></h2><p>包是一种管理 Python 模块命名空间的形式，采用&quot;点模块名称&quot;。</p><p>比如一个模块的名称是 A.B， 那么他表示一个包 A中的子模块 B 。采用点模块名称这种形式也不用担心不同库之间的模块重名的情况</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">sound/                          顶层包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      __init__.py               初始化 sound 包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      formats/                  文件格式转换子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              wavread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              wavwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              aiffread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              aiffwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              auread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              auwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      effects/                  声音效果子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              echo.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              surround.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              reverse.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      filters/                  filters 子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              equalizer.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              vocoder.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              karaoke.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              ...</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">sound/                          顶层包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      __init__.py               初始化 sound 包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      formats/                  文件格式转换子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              wavread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              wavwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              aiffread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              aiffwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              auread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              auwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      effects/                  声音效果子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              echo.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              surround.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              reverse.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      filters/                  filters 子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              equalizer.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              vocoder.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              karaoke.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              ...</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在导入一个包的时候，Python 会根据 sys.path 中的目录来寻找这个包中包含的子目录。</p><p>目录只有包含一个叫做<code> __init__.py</code> 的文件才会被认作是一个包，主要是为了避免一些滥俗的名字（比如叫做 string）不小心的影响搜索路径中的有效模块。</p><p>最简单的情况，放一个空的 :file:<code>__init__.py</code>就可以了。当然这个文件中也可以包含一些初始化代码或者为（将在后面介绍的） <code>__all__</code>变量赋值。</p><p>用户可以每次只导入一个包里面的特定模块，比如:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">import sound.effects.echo</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">import sound.effects.echo</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这将会导入子模块:sound.effects.echo。 他必须使用全名去访问:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">sound.effects.echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">sound.effects.echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>还有一种导入子模块的方法是:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">from sound.effects import echo</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">from sound.effects import echo</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这同样会导入子模块: echo，并且他不需要那些冗长的前缀，所以他可以这样使用:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>还有一种变化就是直接导入一个函数或者变量:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">from sound.effects.echo import echofilter</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">from sound.effects.echo import echofilter</span></span></code></pre></div><p>同样的，这种方法会导入子模块: echo，并且可以直接使用他的 echofilter() 函数:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注意当使用 <strong>from package import item</strong> 这种形式的时候，对应的 item 既可以是包里面的子模块（子包），或者包里面定义的其他名称，比如函数，类或者变量。</p><p>import 语法会首先把 item 当作一个包定义的名称，如果没找到，再试图按照一个模块去导入。如果还没找到，抛出一个 <strong>:exc:ImportError</strong> 异常。</p><p>反之，如果使用形如 <strong>import item.subitem.subsubitem</strong> 这种导入形式，除了最后一项，都必须是包，而最后一项则可以是模块或者是包，但是不可以是类，函数或者变量的名字。</p><h3 id="从一个包中导入" tabindex="-1">从一个包中导入* <a class="header-anchor" href="#从一个包中导入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;从一个包中导入*&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>from sound.effects import *</strong> : Python 会进入文件系统，找到这个包里面所有的子模块，然后一个一个的把它们都导入进来。</p><p>导入语句遵循如下规则：如果包定义文件 <code>__init__.py </code>存在一个叫做 <strong><strong>all</strong></strong> 的列表变量，那么在使用 <strong>from package import *</strong> 的时候就把这个列表中的所有名字作为包内容导入。</p><p>以下实例在 file:sounds/effects/_<em>init</em>_.py 中包含如下代码:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">__all__ = [&quot;echo&quot;, &quot;surround&quot;, &quot;reverse&quot;]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">__all__ = [&quot;echo&quot;, &quot;surround&quot;, &quot;reverse&quot;]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这表示当你使用from sound.effects import *这种用法时，你只会导入包里面这三个子模块。</p><p>如果<code> __all__</code> 真的没有定义，那么使用**from sound.effects import ***这种语法的时候，就不会导入包 sound.effects 里的任何子模块。他只是把包sound.effects和它里面定义的所有内容导入进来（可能运行<code>__init__.py</code>里定义的初始化代码）。</p><p>这会把<code>__init__.py</code>里面定义的所有名字导入进来。并且他不会破坏掉我们在这句话之前导入的所有明确指定的模块。看下这部分代码:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">import sound.effects.echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">import sound.effects.surround</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">from sound.effects import *</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">import sound.effects.echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">import sound.effects.surround</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">from sound.effects import *</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个例子中，在执行 from...import 前，包 sound.effects 中的 echo 和 surround 模块都被导入到当前的命名空间中了。（当然如果定义了 <code>__all__ </code>就更没问题了）</p><h2 id="文件操作" tabindex="-1">文件操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文件操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文件操作&quot;">​</a></h2><p>python的io操作相比java的IO流简单太多了,直接就是一个open()函数</p><h3 id="open-方法" tabindex="-1">open() 方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#open-方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;open() 方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Python open() 方法用于打开一个文件，并返回文件对象，在对文件进行处理过程都需要使用到这个函数，如果该文件无法被打开，会抛出 OSError。</p><p>**注意：**使用 open() 方法一定要保证关闭文件对象，即调用 close() 方法。</p><p>open() 函数常用形式是接收两个参数：文件名(file)和模式(mode)。</p><p>完整的语法格式为：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">mode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;r&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">buffering</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">errors</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">newline</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">closefd</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">opener</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">file</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">mode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;r&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">buffering</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">errors</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">newline</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">closefd</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">opener</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>参数说明:</p><ul><li>file: 必需，文件路径（相对或者绝对路径）。</li><li>mode: 可选，文件打开模式</li><li>buffering: 设置缓冲</li><li>encoding: 一般使用utf8</li><li>errors: 报错级别</li><li>newline: 区分换行符</li><li>closefd: 传入的file参数类型</li><li>opener: 设置自定义开启器，开启器的返回值必须是一个打开的文件描述符。</li></ul><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">模式</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">t</td><td style="text-align:left;">文本模式 (默认)。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">x</td><td style="text-align:left;">写模式，新建一个文件，如果该文件已存在则会报错。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">b</td><td style="text-align:left;">二进制模式。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">+</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件进行更新(可读可写)。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">r</td><td style="text-align:left;">以只读方式打开文件。文件的指针将会放在文件的开头。这是默认模式。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">rb</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件用于只读。文件指针将会放在文件的开头。这是默认模式。一般用于非文本文件如图片等。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">r+</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件用于读写。文件指针将会放在文件的开头。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">rb+</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件用于读写。文件指针将会放在文件的开头。一般用于非文本文件如图片等。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">w</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件只用于写入。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">wb</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件只用于写入。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。一般用于非文本文件如图片等。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">w+</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件用于读写。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">wb+</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件用于读写。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。一般用于非文本文件如图片等。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">a</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件用于追加。如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。也就是说，新的内容将会被写入到已有内容之后。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件进行写入。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">ab</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件用于追加。如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。也就是说，新的内容将会被写入到已有内容之后。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件进行写入。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">a+</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件用于读写。如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。文件打开时会是追加模式。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件用于读写。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">ab+</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件用于追加。如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件用于读写。</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="file-对象" tabindex="-1">file 对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#file-对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;file 对象&quot;">​</a></h3><p>file 对象使用 open 函数来创建，下表列出了 file 对象常用的函数：</p><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">方法及描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-close.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.close()</a>关闭文件。关闭后文件不能再进行读写操作。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-flush.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.flush()</a>刷新文件内部缓冲，直接把内部缓冲区的数据立刻写入文件, 而不是被动的等待输出缓冲区写入。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-fileno.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.fileno()</a>返回一个整型的文件描述符(file descriptor FD 整型), 可以用在如os模块的read方法等一些底层操作上。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-isatty.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.isatty()</a>如果文件连接到一个终端设备返回 True，否则返回 False。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">[file.read(<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-read.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">size])</a>从文件读取指定的字节数，如果未给定或为负则读取所有。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">[file.readline(<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-readline.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">size])</a>读取整行，包括 &quot;\\n&quot; 字符。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">[file.readlines(<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-readlines.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">sizeint])</a>读取所有行并返回列表，若给定sizeint&gt;0，返回总和大约为sizeint字节的行, 实际读取值可能比 sizeint 较大, 因为需要填充缓冲区。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">[file.seek(offset<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-seek.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">, whence])</a>移动文件读取指针到指定位置</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-tell.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.tell()</a>返回文件当前位置。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">[file.truncate(<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-truncate.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">size])</a>从文件的首行首字符开始截断，截断文件为 size 个字符，无 size 表示从当前位置截断；截断之后后面的所有字符被删除，其中 windows 系统下的换行代表2个字符大小。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-write.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.write(str)</a>将字符串写入文件，返回的是写入的字符长度。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-writelines.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.writelines(sequence)</a>向文件写入一个序列字符串列表，如果需要换行则要自己加入每行的换行符。</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="文件和文件夹操作" tabindex="-1">文件和文件夹操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文件和文件夹操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文件和文件夹操作&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#导入os模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#修改文件名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.rename(原文件名,新文件名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.remove(文件名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#创建文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.mkdir(名称)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#获取当前目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.getcwd()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#改变默认目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.chdir(路径)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#获取目录列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.listdir(路径)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.rmdir(路径)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#导入os模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#修改文件名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.rename(原文件名,新文件名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.remove(文件名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#创建文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.mkdir(名称)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#获取当前目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.getcwd()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#改变默认目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.chdir(路径)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#获取目录列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.listdir(路径)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.rmdir(路径)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="面向对象" tabindex="-1">面向对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#面向对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;面向对象&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="类" tabindex="-1">类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="类的定义语法" tabindex="-1">类的定义语法: <a class="header-anchor" href="#类的定义语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类的定义语法:&quot;">​</a></h4><p><strong>类名遵循大驼峰规则</strong></p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">新式类:直接或间接继承object,py3中所有类都是object的子类(same as java)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Demo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">旧式类:已过时</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Demo1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Demo2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">新式类:直接或间接继承object,py3中所有类都是object的子类(same as java)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Demo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">旧式类:已过时</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Demo1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Demo2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="类中定义方法" tabindex="-1">类中定义方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类中定义方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类中定义方法&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">eat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;吃&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">eat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;吃&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="对象" tabindex="-1">对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对象&quot;">​</a></h3><p>创建对象语法:</p><div class="language-Python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">Python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">eat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;吃&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Dog()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog1.eat()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">吃</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">eat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;吃&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Dog()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog1.eat()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">吃</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="类外部添加和获取属性" tabindex="-1">类外部添加和获取属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类外部添加和获取属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类外部添加和获取属性&quot;">​</a></h3><p>给对象添加属性:<code>对象.属性名 = 属性值</code></p><p>获取对象的属性<code>变量 = 对象.属性名</code></p><p>修改:和添加一样,添加存在的属性就是修改</p><h4 id="魔法方法" tabindex="-1">魔法方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#魔法方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;魔法方法&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">python的类中,有一类方法,以</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">两个下划线开头</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">和</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">两个下划线结尾</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">,并在满足</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">某个特定条件下会自动调用</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">,这类方法,称为</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">魔法方法</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">magic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">method</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">python的类中,有一类方法,以</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">两个下划线开头</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">和</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">两个下划线结尾</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">,并在满足</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">某个特定条件下会自动调用</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">,这类方法,称为</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">魔法方法</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">magic</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">method</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>__init__</code></p><p>在创建对象之后自动调用</p><p>作用:</p><ul><li>给对象添加属性,给对象属性一个初始值(构造方法)</li><li>代码的业务需求,每创建一个对象,都需要执行的代码可以放在init方法中</li></ul><p>注意点:</p><ul><li>如果<code>__init__</code>方法出现了self之外的形参,在创建对象的时候,需要给额外的形参传值<code>类名(实参)</code> 这个类似java中的构造方法的有参构造</li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self,name):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;init方法执行了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Dog(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(dog.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">init方法执行了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">大黄</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self,name):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;init方法执行了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Dog(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(dog.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">init方法执行了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">大黄</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>__str__</code></p><p>类似java的<code>toString</code>:</p><ul><li>在print(对象)时会自动调用<code>__str__</code>方法,打印的结果是<code>__str__</code>方法的返回值</li><li><code>str(对象)</code>将自定义类型转换为字符串的时候,会自动调用</li><li>没有自定义<code>__str__</code>方法时,这个返回值是对象的地址</li></ul><p>注意点:</p><ul><li>方法必须返回一个字符串,只有self一个参数</li></ul><p><code>__del__</code></p><p>对象在内存当中被销毁的时候调用:</p><ol><li>程序代码结束,程序运行过程中创建的对象和变量都会被删除</li><li>使用<code>del 变量</code>语句删除,将这个对象的引用计数变为0,会自动调用</li></ol><p>引用计数:python内存管理的机制,指一块内存有多少变量在引用</p><ul><li>当一个变量引用一块内存时,引用计数+1</li><li>删除一个变量或者这个变量不再引用这块内存,引用计数-1</li><li>当内存的引用计数变为0,这块内存被删除,数据被销毁</li></ul><h5 id="补充" tabindex="-1">补充: <a class="header-anchor" href="#补充" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;补充:&quot;">​</a></h5><p>Java中JVM为了避免对象间存在循环依赖导致对象无法被回收,JVM的垃圾回收算法采用的是<code>可达性分析算法</code>,通过gc roots对象作为起始点,从这些节点开始向下搜索，搜索所走过的路径称为引用链（Reference Chain），当一个对象到gc roots没有任何引用链相连时，则证明此对象是不可用的</p><h3 id="类内部添加和获取属性" tabindex="-1">类内部添加和获取属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类内部添加和获取属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类内部添加和获取属性&quot;">​</a></h3><p>通过self操作:</p><p>self指的是当前实例(类似java中的this),作为类中方法的第一个形参,在通过对象调用方法的时候,不需要手动传参</p><p>python解释器会自动把调用方法的对象传递给self形参</p><p>self也可以改成其他的形参名,但一般不修改这个名字,默认为self</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">play</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self): </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">在玩耍&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Dog()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog.play()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">大黄在玩耍</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">play</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self): </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">在玩耍&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Dog()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog.play()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">大黄在玩耍</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="继承" tabindex="-1">继承 <a class="header-anchor" href="#继承" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;继承&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="python中继承的语法" tabindex="-1">python中继承的语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python中继承的语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python中继承的语法&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>单继承</li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Animal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Animal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Animal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Animal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>多继承:python中允许多继承,java中是没有多继承的</li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">马</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">驴</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">骡子</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">马</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">驴</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">马</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">驴</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">骡子</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">马</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">驴</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span></code></pre></div><p>​ <strong>需要注意</strong>:</p><p>多继承中圆括号中父类的顺序，若是父类中有相同的方法名，而在子类使用时未指定，python从左至右搜索 即方法在子类中未找到时，从左到右查找父类中是否包含方法。</p><h4 id="子类重写父类方法" tabindex="-1">子类重写父类方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#子类重写父类方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;子类重写父类方法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>和java一样,子类重写父类中的同名方法,通过子类独对象调用方法时调用的是子类自己的方法</p><h4 id="子类调用父类方法" tabindex="-1">子类调用父类方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#子类调用父类方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;子类调用父类方法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>java中调用父类就用super,python有以下几种方式</p><ul><li><p>父类名.方法名(self,其他参数)</p></li><li><p>super(类A,self).方法名(参数),会调用类A的父类中的方法</p></li><li><p>super().方法名(参数)=&gt;super(当前类,self).方法名(参数) 是第二中的简写,调用当前类的父类</p></li></ul><h4 id="继承中的init方法" tabindex="-1">继承中的init方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#继承中的init方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;继承中的init方法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>子类重写父类的init方法:在子类的init方法需要调用父类的init方法(和java也一样),给对象添加从父类继承的属性</p><p>注意:子类init方法的形参,一般先写父类的形参,再写自己独有的形参</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self,name):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;名字为</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,年龄为</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyDog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self,name,color):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> color</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;名字为</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,年龄为</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,颜色为</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.color</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyDog(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;黄色&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(dog)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">名字为大黄,年龄为1,颜色为黄色</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self,name):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;名字为</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,年龄为</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyDog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self,name,color):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> color</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;名字为</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,年龄为</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,颜色为</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.color</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyDog(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;黄色&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(dog)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">名字为大黄,年龄为1,颜色为黄色</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="封装" tabindex="-1">封装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#封装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;封装&quot;">​</a></h3><p>封装的意义:</p><ul><li>将属性和方法放在一起作为一个整体,通过实例化对象来进行操作</li><li>隐藏内部实现</li><li>对类的属性和方法增加访问权限控制</li></ul><h3 id="私有权限" tabindex="-1">私有权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#私有权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;私有权限&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python没有java中的权限修饰符public/private之类的,私有的属性或者方法都由两个下划线开头</p><ul><li><p>普通的属性前面加两个下划线就是私有属性</p></li><li><p>方法名前面加两个下划线就是私有方法</p></li></ul><p>和java一样私有属性不能被继承,私有方法不能在类外部访问,可以提供共有方法访问私有属性或私有方法</p><h3 id="类属性" tabindex="-1">类属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类属性&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类似java中的静态变量</p><p>访问:类名.类属性</p><p>修改:类名.类属性 = 属性值</p><h3 id="类方法" tabindex="-1">类方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类方法:使用@classmethod装饰的方法称为类方法,第一个参数是cls,代表类对象自己</p><p>注意:</p><ol><li>如果在方法中使用了实例属性,那么该方法必须是实例方法,不能为类方法</li></ol><p>何时定义类方法:</p><ul><li>不需要使用实例属性,需要使用类属性</li></ul><p>调用:</p><ul><li>对象.类方法</li><li>类名.类方法</li></ul><h3 id="静态方法" tabindex="-1">静态方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#静态方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;静态方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用@staticmethod装饰的方法称为静态方法,对参数没有特殊要求,可以有,可以没有</p><p>何时定义:</p><ul><li>不需要使用实例属性,也不需要使用类属性,可以定义方法为静态方法</li></ul><p>调用:</p><ul><li>对象.静态方法</li><li>类名.静态方法</li></ul><h3 id="多态" tabindex="-1">多态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多态" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多态&quot;">​</a></h3><p>由于python不需要声明变量类型,因此多态体现的不是那么直观,思想和java一样,可以使用父类的地方,也可以使用子类,<strong>使用多态的意义在于提高应用的扩展性</strong></p><h2 id="异常" tabindex="-1">异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异常&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="组成" tabindex="-1">组成: <a class="header-anchor" href="#组成" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组成:&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>异常的类型</li><li>异常的描述</li></ul><h3 id="捕获单个异常" tabindex="-1">捕获单个异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#捕获单个异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;捕获单个异常&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 异常名:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 异常名:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement2</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="捕获多个异常" tabindex="-1">捕获多个异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#捕获多个异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;捕获多个异常&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (异常1,异常2,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 异常1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 异常2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (异常1,异常2,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 异常1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 异常2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement3</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="打印异常信息" tabindex="-1">打印异常信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#打印异常信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;打印异常信息&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (异常1,异常2,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 变量名:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(变量名)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (异常1,异常2,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 变量名:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(变量名)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="捕获所有异常" tabindex="-1">捕获所有异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#捕获所有异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;捕获所有异常&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#缺点 不能获取异常信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 变量名: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(变量名)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#缺点 不能获取异常信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 变量名: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(变量名)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="异常的完整结构" tabindex="-1">异常的完整结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异常的完整结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异常的完整结构&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    代码没有发生异常会执行的代码块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    不管有没有异常都会执行的代码块</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    代码没有发生异常会执行的代码块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    不管有没有异常都会执行的代码块</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="抛出自定义异常" tabindex="-1">抛出自定义异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#抛出自定义异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;抛出自定义异常&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">raise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 异常对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">异常对象 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 异常类(参数)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">抛出自定义异常:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">自定义异常类,继承Exception或者BaseException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">选择性定义__init__方法,__str__方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">抛出</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">raise</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 异常对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">异常对象 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 异常类(参数)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">抛出自定义异常:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">自定义异常类,继承Exception或者BaseException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">选择性定义__init__方法,__str__方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">抛出</span></span></code></pre></div>`,370),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const g=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_base_python\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.41aa0843.lean.js" "b/assets/python_base_python\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.41aa0843.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94b6c9219
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_base_python\345\237\272\347\241\200\350\257\255\346\263\225.md.41aa0843.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"python基础语法","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/base/python基础语法.md","filePath":"python/base/python基础语法.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/base/python基础语法.md"},o=l("",370),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,d){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const g=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{F as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_base_python\345\271\266\345\217\221\347\274\226\347\250\213.md.8c6b0726.js" "b/assets/python_base_python\345\271\266\345\217\221\347\274\226\347\250\213.md.8c6b0726.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab777bd39
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_base_python\345\271\266\345\217\221\347\274\226\347\250\213.md.8c6b0726.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,1023 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"python并发编程","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/base/python并发编程.md","filePath":"python/base/python并发编程.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/base/python并发编程.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="python并发编程" tabindex="-1">python并发编程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python并发编程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python并发编程&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="python对并发编程的支持" tabindex="-1">python对并发编程的支持 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python对并发编程的支持" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python对并发编程的支持&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>多线程：threading，利用CPU运算和IO可以同时执行，让CPU不会干巴巴等待IO完成</p></li><li><p>多进程：multiprocessing，利用多核CPU的能力，真正的并行执行任务</p></li><li><p>异步IO：asyncio，在单线程中利用CPU和IO同时执行的原理，实现函数异步执行</p></li><li><p>使用Lock对资源加锁，防止冲突访问</p></li><li><p>使用Queue实现不同线程、进程之间的数据通信，实现生产者消费者模式</p></li><li><p>使用线程池Pool、进程池Pool，简化线程、进程任务的提交、等待结束、获取结果</p></li><li><p>使用subprocess启动外部程序的进程，并进行输出交互</p></li></ul><h2 id="如何选择多线程-多进程-多协程" tabindex="-1">如何选择多线程/多进程/多协程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何选择多线程-多进程-多协程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何选择多线程/多进程/多协程&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="什么是cpu密集型、io密集型" tabindex="-1">什么是CPU密集型、IO密集型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#什么是cpu密集型、io密集型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;什么是CPU密集型、IO密集型&quot;">​</a></h3><p>CPU密集型计算：也叫计算密集型，指I/O很短时间内就完成，CPU需要大量计算和处理，特点是CPU占用率很高，例如解压缩，加密解密，正则匹配等。</p><p>I/O密集型计算：硬盘、内存、网络的读写操作，例如文件处理、网络爬虫、读写数据库等。</p><h3 id="对比" tabindex="-1">对比 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对比" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对比&quot;">​</a></h3><p>多进程Process（multiprocessing）：</p><ul><li>优点：可以利用多核CPU进行并行运算</li><li>缺点：占用资源多，可启动数目少</li><li>适用于：计算密集型任务，例如解压缩、加解密。。</li></ul><p>多线程Thread（threading）：</p><ul><li><p>一个进程中可以启动多个线程</p></li><li><p>相比进程更轻量级，占用资源更少。但只能单CPU并发执行，不能利用多CPU（GIL，全局解释器锁）</p></li><li><p>相比协程，线程启动数目有限制，占用内存资源，有线程切换的开销</p></li><li><p>适用于：IO密集型任务，同时运行的任务数目要求不高</p></li></ul><p>多协程Coroutine（asyncio）：</p><ul><li><p>一个线程中可以启动多个协程</p></li><li><p>优点：内存开销最小，启动数量最多</p></li><li><p>缺点：支持的库有限（aiohttp vs requests），代码实现较为复杂</p></li><li><p>适用于：I/O密集型任务，需要超多任务运行且有现有库支持的场景</p></li></ul><h2 id="多线程" tabindex="-1">多线程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多线程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多线程&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="多线程的两种实现方式" tabindex="-1">多线程的两种实现方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多线程的两种实现方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多线程的两种实现方式&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="通过threading模块的thread类" tabindex="-1">通过threading模块的Thread类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过threading模块的thread类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过threading模块的Thread类&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.cnblogs.com/#p</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">i</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">craw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(r.text))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">craw, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(urls[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;cost </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">s&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.cnblogs.com/#p</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">i</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">craw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(r.text))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">craw, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(urls[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;cost </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">s&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="通过继承thread类" tabindex="-1">通过继承Thread类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过继承thread类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过继承Thread类&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">threading</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.url, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(r.text))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyThread(urls[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">threading</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.url, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(r.text))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyThread(urls[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="线程同步" tabindex="-1">线程同步 <a class="header-anchor" href="#线程同步" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;线程同步&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="使用-thread-对象的-lock-实现" tabindex="-1">使用 Thread 对象的 Lock 实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用-thread-对象的-lock-实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用 Thread 对象的 Lock 实现&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">threading</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, thread_id, name, counter):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.thread_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> thread_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> counter</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;开启线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取锁.用于线程同步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        my_lock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        print_time(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.counter, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 释放锁</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        my_lock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">print_time</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(thread_name, delay, counter):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> counter:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        time.sleep(delay)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread_name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.ctime(time.time())</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my_lock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.Lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threads </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建新线程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyThread(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thread-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyThread(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thread-2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread1.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread2.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加到线程列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threads.append(thread1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threads.append(thread2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threads:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;退出主线程&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">threading</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, thread_id, name, counter):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.thread_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> thread_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> counter</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;开启线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取锁.用于线程同步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        my_lock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        print_time(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.counter, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 释放锁</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        my_lock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">print_time</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(thread_name, delay, counter):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> counter:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        time.sleep(delay)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">thread_name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.ctime(time.time())</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my_lock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.Lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threads </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建新线程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">thread1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyThread(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thread-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">thread2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyThread(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thread-2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">thread1.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">thread2.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加到线程列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threads.append(thread1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threads.append(thread2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threads:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;退出主线程&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>结果:</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:42 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:43 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:44 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:46 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:48 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:50 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">退出主线程</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:42 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:43 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:44 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:46 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:48 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:50 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">退出主线程</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="lock的使用方式" tabindex="-1">Lock的使用方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#lock的使用方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Lock的使用方式&quot;">​</a></h4><p>1.try-finally模式</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    lock.release()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">lock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">lock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    lock.release()</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li>with模式</li></ol><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lock:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># do something</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">lock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lock:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># do something</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="生产者消费者模型" tabindex="-1">生产者消费者模型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生产者消费者模型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生产者消费者模型&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bs4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BeautifulSoup</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.cnblogs.com/#p</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">i</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">craw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(html):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    soup </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BeautifulSoup(html, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;html.parser&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    links </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> soup.find_all(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">class_</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;post-item-title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [(link.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;href&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), link.get_text()) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> link </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> links]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bs4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BeautifulSoup</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.cnblogs.com/#p</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">i</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">craw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(html):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    soup </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BeautifulSoup(html, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;html.parser&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    links </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> soup.find_all(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">class_</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;post-item-title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [(link.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;href&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), link.get_text()) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> link </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> links]</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> queue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">do_crawl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url_queue: queue.Queue, html_queue: queue.Queue):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url_queue.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        html </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.craw(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        html_queue.put(html)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">do_parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(html_queue: queue.Queue, fout):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        html </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> html_queue.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        results </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.parse(html)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> results:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fout.write(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url_queue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> queue.Queue()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    html_queue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> queue.Queue()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url_queue.put(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">do_crawl, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url_queue, html_queue), </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crawl-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fout </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;results.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">do_parse, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(html_queue, fout), </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;parse-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t.start()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> queue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">do_crawl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url_queue: queue.Queue, html_queue: queue.Queue):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url_queue.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        html </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.craw(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        html_queue.put(html)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">do_parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(html_queue: queue.Queue, fout):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        html </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> html_queue.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        results </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.parse(html)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> results:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fout.write(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url_queue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> queue.Queue()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    html_queue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> queue.Queue()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url_queue.put(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">do_crawl, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url_queue, html_queue), </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crawl-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fout </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;results.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">do_parse, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(html_queue, fout), </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;parse-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t.start()</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="线程优先级队列实现" tabindex="-1">线程优先级队列实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#线程优先级队列实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;线程优先级队列实现&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> queue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">exitFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">threading</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, thread_id, name, q):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.threadId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> thread_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.q </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> q</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;开启线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        process_data(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.q)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;退出线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, q):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> exitFlag:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        queueLock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> workQueue.empty():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> q.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> processing </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">data</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threadList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thread-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thread-2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thread-3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">queueLock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.Lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">nameList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ONE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TWO&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;THREE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;FOUR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;FIVE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">workQueue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> queue.Queue(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threads </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threadId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threadList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    thread </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyThread(threadId, tname, workQueue)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    thread.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    threads.append(thread)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    threadId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">queueLock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> nameList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    workQueue.put(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> workQueue.empty():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">exitFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threads:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;主线程退出&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> queue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">exitFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">threading</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, thread_id, name, q):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.threadId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> thread_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.q </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> q</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;开启线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        process_data(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.q)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;退出线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, q):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> exitFlag:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        queueLock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> workQueue.empty():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> q.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> processing </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">data</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threadList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thread-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thread-2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thread-3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">queueLock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.Lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">nameList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ONE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;TWO&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;THREE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;FOUR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;FIVE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">workQueue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> queue.Queue(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threads </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threadId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threadList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    thread </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyThread(threadId, tname, workQueue)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    thread.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    threads.append(thread)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    threadId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">queueLock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> nameList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    workQueue.put(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> workQueue.empty():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">exitFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threads:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;主线程退出&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果:</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread-1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">processing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ONE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread-2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">processing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TWO</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread-3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">processing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">THREE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread-2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">processing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">FOUR</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread-1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">processing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">FIVE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">主线程退出</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread-1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">processing</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ONE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread-2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">processing</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TWO</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread-3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">processing</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">THREE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread-2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">processing</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">FOUR</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread-1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">processing</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">FIVE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">主线程退出</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="多线程线程池threadpoolexecutor" tabindex="-1">多线程线程池ThreadPoolExecutor <a class="header-anchor" href="#多线程线程池threadpoolexecutor" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多线程线程池ThreadPoolExecutor&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(times):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(times)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;get data </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> success&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(times))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread_pool </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">task1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> thread_pool.submit(get_data, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">task2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> thread_pool.submit(get_data, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">datas </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># submit后直接返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">all_tasks </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [thread_pool.submit(get_data, data) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> datas]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># as_complete底层是生成器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># for future in as_completed(all_tasks):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    res = future.result()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> thread_pool.map(get_data, datas):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;get </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> data &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(data))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(times):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(times)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;get data </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> success&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(times))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">thread_pool </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">task1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> thread_pool.submit(get_data, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">task2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> thread_pool.submit(get_data, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">datas </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># submit后直接返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">all_tasks </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [thread_pool.submit(get_data, data) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> datas]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># as_complete底层是生成器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># for future in as_completed(all_tasks):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    res = future.result()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> thread_pool.map(get_data, datas):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;get </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> data &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(data))</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="threadpoolexecutor提交任务的两种方式" tabindex="-1">ThreadPoolExecutor提交任务的两种方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#threadpoolexecutor提交任务的两种方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ThreadPoolExecutor提交任务的两种方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>pool.map(func, params):func为处理函数，params为所有待处理的数据，返回值为按顺序返回。<strong>这种方式适合任务数据全部准备好一次提交处理的场景</strong></li><li>future = pool.submit(func,param):func为处理函数，param为待处理的一条数据，返回值为future。<strong>这种方式适合一条条数据提交处理的场景</strong>。处理多个future集合futures时，可以直接遍历，也可以配合<code>as_complete</code>使用，这种方式是按任务完成顺序返回。</li></ul><h2 id="多进程" tabindex="-1">多进程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多进程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多进程&quot;">​</a></h2><p>对于io操作来说，使用多线程</p><p>对于耗cpu的操作，用多进程</p><ul><li>进程的切换代价高于多线程</li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ProcessPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> multiprocessing</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 多进程编程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress = multiprocessing.Process(target=get_html, args=(2,))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(progress.pid)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(progress.pid)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(&#39;main progress end&#39;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用进程池</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    pool </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> multiprocessing.Pool(multiprocessing.cpu_count())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># res = pool.apply_async(get_html, args=(3,))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不再接受任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pool.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 等待所有任务完成</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pool.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res.get())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># imap 按顺序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># for res in pool.imap(get_html, [1, 5, 3]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    print(&quot;{} sleep success&quot;.format(res))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># imap_unordered 按完成时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pool.imap_unordered(get_html, [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> sleep success&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(res))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ProcessPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> multiprocessing</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 多进程编程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress = multiprocessing.Process(target=get_html, args=(2,))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(progress.pid)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(progress.pid)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(&#39;main progress end&#39;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用进程池</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    pool </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> multiprocessing.Pool(multiprocessing.cpu_count())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># res = pool.apply_async(get_html, args=(3,))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不再接受任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pool.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 等待所有任务完成</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pool.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res.get())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># imap 按顺序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># for res in pool.imap(get_html, [1, 5, 3]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    print(&quot;{} sleep success&quot;.format(res))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># imap_unordered 按完成时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pool.imap_unordered(get_html, [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> sleep success&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(res))</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="进程间通信" tabindex="-1">进程间通信 <a class="header-anchor" href="#进程间通信" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;进程间通信&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>使用multiprocessing中的Queue 用法和threading的Queue类似</li><li>全局共享变量不适用与进程间通信（进程间的数据是隔离的）</li><li>multiprocessing中的Queue不能用于进程池pool中的进程通信</li><li>pool中的进程间通信需要使用multiprocessing中的Manager实例化后的queue（Manager().Queue())</li><li>使用Pipe管道实现进程间通信 receive，send = Pipe() 只能适用于两个进程间通信</li><li>Manager().dict()等数据结构进行进程间通信</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220511013302618.png" alt="image-20220511013302618"></p><h2 id="协程" tabindex="-1">协程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#协程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协程&quot;">​</a></h2><p>协程，又称微线程，纤程。英文名Coroutine。是一种用户态的上下文切换技术。协程的作用是在执行函数A时可以随时中断去执行函数B，然后中断函数B继续执行函数A（可以自由切换）。但这一过程并不是函数调用，这一整个过程看似像多线程，然而协程只有一个线程执行。</p><h3 id="协程的优势" tabindex="-1">协程的优势 <a class="header-anchor" href="#协程的优势" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协程的优势&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>效率极高，因为子程序切换不是线程切换，由程序自身控制，没有切换线程的开销，所以与多线程相比，线程的数量越多，协程的性能优势越明显。</li><li>不需要多线程的同步机制，因为只有一个线程，也不存在同时写变量的线程安全问题，在控制共享资源时也不需要加锁，因此执行效率高很多。</li></ul><blockquote><p>协程可以处理IO密集型程序的效率问题，但是CPU密集型不是它的长处，要充分发挥CPU的利用率可以结合多进程+协程</p></blockquote><p>实现协程的方式：</p><ul><li>yield关键字</li><li>asyncio装饰器</li><li>async、await关键字（推荐）</li></ul><h3 id="事件循环" tabindex="-1">事件循环 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件循环" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件循环&quot;">​</a></h3><p>asyncio模块中，每一个进程都有一个事件循环。把一些函数注册到事件循环上，当满足事件发生的时候，调用相应的协程函数</p><blockquote><p>事件循环的作用是管理所有的事件，在整个程序运行过程中不断循环执行，追踪事件发生的顺序将它们放到队列中，当主线程空闲的时候，调用相应的事件处理者处理事件。</p></blockquote><p>伪代码：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">任务列表 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [任务1,任务2,任务3</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> true:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    可执行的任务列表,已完成的任务列表 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 检查所有任务,将可执行的和已完成的任务返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 就绪任务 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 可执行的任务:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        执行就绪任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 已完成的任务 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 已完成的任务:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        剔除已完成的任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    如果任务列表的全部任务都已完成,终止循环</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">任务列表 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [任务1,任务2,任务3</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> true:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    可执行的任务列表,已完成的任务列表 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 检查所有任务,将可执行的和已完成的任务返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 就绪任务 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 可执行的任务:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        执行就绪任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 已完成的任务 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 已完成的任务:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        剔除已完成的任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    如果任务列表的全部任务都已完成,终止循环</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成或获取一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将任务放到任务列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop.run_until_complete(任务)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成或获取一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将任务放到任务列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop.run_until_complete(任务)</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220511014404071.png" alt="image-20220511014404071"></p><h3 id="协程函数" tabindex="-1">协程函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#协程函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协程函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>定义函数时，如果是<code>async def 函数</code>的函数，就是一个协程函数</p><h3 id="协程对象" tabindex="-1">协程对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#协程对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协程对象&quot;">​</a></h3><p>执行协程函数得到的对象</p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>执行协程函数创建协程对象，函数内部代码不会立即执行</p><p>如果想运行协程函数内部代码，必须将协程对象交给事件循环处理</p></div><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;异步编程&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 得到协程对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> func()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将协程对象交给事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop.run_until_complete(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># asyncio.run(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">异步编程</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;异步编程&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 得到协程对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> func()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将协程对象交给事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop.run_until_complete(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># asyncio.run(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">异步编程</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果不把协程对象放入事件循环</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;异步编程&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 得到协程对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> func()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sys:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RuntimeWarning</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: coroutine </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;func&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> was never awaited</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;异步编程&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 得到协程对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> func()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sys:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RuntimeWarning</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: coroutine </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;func&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> was never awaited</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="异步io" tabindex="-1">异步IO <a class="header-anchor" href="#异步io" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异步IO&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hello</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World! </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">count</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建task列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tasks </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [loop.create_task(hello(count)) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行事件列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hello</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello World! </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">count</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建task列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tasks </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [loop.create_task(hello(count)) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行事件列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="异步io爬虫" tabindex="-1">异步IO爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异步io爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异步IO爬虫&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> aiohttp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> aiohttp.ClientSession() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session.get(url) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.text()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;爬取结束：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tasks </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [loop.create_task(async_craw(url)) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;耗时：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> aiohttp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> aiohttp.ClientSession() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session.get(url) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.text()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;爬取结束：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tasks </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [loop.create_task(async_craw(url)) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;耗时：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="使用信号量控制异步爬虫并发度" tabindex="-1">使用信号量控制异步爬虫并发度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用信号量控制异步爬虫并发度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用信号量控制异步爬虫并发度&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sem </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sem:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># work with shared resource</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">----------------------------------</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sem </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sem.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># work with shared resource</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    sem.release()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sem </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sem:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># work with shared resource</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">----------------------------------</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sem </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sem.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># work with shared resource</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    sem.release()</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> aiohttp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sem </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sem:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> aiohttp.ClientSession() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session.get(url) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.text()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;爬取结束：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tasks </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [loop.create_task(async_craw(url)) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;耗时：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> aiohttp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sem </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sem:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> aiohttp.ClientSession() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session.get(url) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.text()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;爬取结束：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tasks </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [loop.create_task(async_craw(url)) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;耗时：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="python3-7后的新语法" tabindex="-1">python3.7后的新语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python3-7后的新语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python3.7后的新语法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>asyncio.run()</code>代替原来创建事件循环，使用事件循环执行函数的操作</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># async def 定义协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 触发io操作，调用其他协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;爬取完成：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建协程列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tasks </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [async_craw(url) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># asyncio.gather(*task)表示协同执行tasks列表里的所有协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.gather(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tasks)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># async def 定义协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 触发io操作，调用其他协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;爬取完成：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建协程列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tasks </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [async_craw(url) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># asyncio.gather(*task)表示协同执行tasks列表里的所有协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.gather(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">tasks)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="asyncio-wait和asyncio-gather异同" tabindex="-1">asyncio.wait和asyncio.gather异同 <a class="header-anchor" href="#asyncio-wait和asyncio-gather异同" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;asyncio.wait和asyncio.gather异同&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><strong>相同</strong>：从功能上看，<code>asyncio.wait</code> 和 <code>asyncio.gather</code> 实现的效果是相同的，都是把所有 Task 任务结果收集起来。</li><li><strong>不同</strong>：<code>asyncio.wait</code> 会返回两个值：<code>done</code> 和 <code>pending</code>，<code>done</code> 为已完成的协程 <code>Task</code>，<code>pending</code> 为超时未完成的协程 <code>Task</code>，需通过 <code>future.result</code> 调用 <code>Task</code> 的 <code>result</code>；而<code>asyncio.gather</code> 返回的是所有已完成 <code>Task</code> 的 <code>result</code>，不需要再进行调用或其他操作，就可以得到全部结果。</li></ul><h2 id="await关键字" tabindex="-1">await关键字 <a class="header-anchor" href="#await关键字" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;await关键字&quot;">​</a></h2><p>await + 可等待的对象（协程对象、Future对象、Task对象 -&gt; io等待）</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;异步编程&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;结束&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(func())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;异步编程&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;结束&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(func())</span></span></code></pre></div><p>示例:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">others</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;start&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;end&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;执行协程函数内部代码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 遇到IO操作挂起当前协程,等到IO完成后继续运行,当前协程挂起时,事件循环可以执行其他协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> others()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;IO的结果是:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">response</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">执行协程函数内部代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">end</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">IO的结果是:返回值</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">others</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;start&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;end&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;执行协程函数内部代码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 遇到IO操作挂起当前协程,等到IO完成后继续运行,当前协程挂起时,事件循环可以执行其他协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> others()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;IO的结果是:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">response</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">执行协程函数内部代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">end</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">IO的结果是:返回值</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="task对象" tabindex="-1">Task对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#task对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Task对象&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Tasks用于并发调度协程，是对协程对象的一种封装，其中包含了任务的各个状态。通过<code>asyncio.create_task()</code>函数创建Task对象，这样可以让协程加入事件循环中等待调度执行。还可以使用低层级的<code>loop.create_task()</code>或<code>asyncio.ensure_future()</code>函数。不建议手动实例化Task对象。</p><p>示例1：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;main函数开始&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建task对象,将当前执行func函数的任务添加到事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    task1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    task2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;main函数结束&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 当执行某协程遇到IO操作,会自动切换执行其他任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    res1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> task1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    res2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> task2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res1, res2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">main函数开始</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">main函数结束</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">返回值 返回值</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;main函数开始&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建task对象,将当前执行func函数的任务添加到事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    task1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    task2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;main函数结束&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 当执行某协程遇到IO操作,会自动切换执行其他任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    res1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> task1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    res2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> task2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res1, res2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">main函数开始</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">main函数结束</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">返回值 返回值</span></span></code></pre></div><p>示例2：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;main函数开始&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    task_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       asyncio.create_task(func()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;main函数结束&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    done,pending </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.wait(task_list,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">timeout</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(done)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;main函数开始&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    task_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       asyncio.create_task(func()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;main函数结束&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    done,pending </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.wait(task_list,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">timeout</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(done)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="asyncio-future对象" tabindex="-1">asyncio.Future对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#asyncio-future对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;asyncio.Future对象&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Task继承了Future,Task对象内部await的结果的处理基于Future对象</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_running_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    _future </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loop.create_future()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _future</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_running_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    _future </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loop.create_future()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _future</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="concurrent-futures-future对象" tabindex="-1">concurrent.futures.Future对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#concurrent-futures-future对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;concurrent.futures.Future对象&quot;">​</a></h2><p>使用线程池/进程池实现异步操作时用到的对象</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Future</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> concurrent.futures.thread </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pool </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutory(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fut </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pool.submit(func,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fut)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Future</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> concurrent.futures.thread </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">pool </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutory(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fut </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pool.submit(func,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fut)</span></span></code></pre></div>`,100),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{d as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_base_python\345\271\266\345\217\221\347\274\226\347\250\213.md.8c6b0726.lean.js" "b/assets/python_base_python\345\271\266\345\217\221\347\274\226\347\250\213.md.8c6b0726.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc025c670
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_base_python\345\271\266\345\217\221\347\274\226\347\250\213.md.8c6b0726.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"python并发编程","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/base/python并发编程.md","filePath":"python/base/python并发编程.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/base/python并发编程.md"},o=l("",100),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{d as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_base_\350\243\205\351\245\260\345\231\250\346\267\261\345\205\245.md.8bff5476.js" "b/assets/python_base_\350\243\205\351\245\260\345\231\250\346\267\261\345\205\245.md.8bff5476.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..796d89142
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_base_\350\243\205\351\245\260\345\231\250\346\267\261\345\205\245.md.8bff5476.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"装饰器深入","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/base/装饰器深入.md","filePath":"python/base/装饰器深入.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/base/装饰器深入.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="装饰器深入" tabindex="-1">装饰器深入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器深入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器深入&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="闭包" tabindex="-1">闭包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#闭包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;闭包&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="闭包的定义" tabindex="-1">闭包的定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#闭包的定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;闭包的定义&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如果在一个外部函数中定义一个内部函数，内部函数对外部作用域（但不是在全局作用域）的变量进行引用，外部函数的返回值是内部函数，这样的函数就被认为是闭包(closure)。</p><h3 id="形成闭包的条件" tabindex="-1">形成闭包的条件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#形成闭包的条件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;形成闭包的条件&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>必须有内部函数</li><li>内部函数必须引用外部函数的变量</li><li>外部函数返回值必须是内部函数</li></ul><h2 id="装饰器" tabindex="-1">装饰器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器&quot;">​</a></h2><p>python装饰器实质上也是一个闭包函数，目的是在不改变原函数的情况下实现对原函数功能的增强。（类似Spring中的AOP）</p><h3 id="装饰器的条件" tabindex="-1">装饰器的条件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器的条件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器的条件&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>不修改已有函数代码</li><li>不修改已有函数的调用方式</li><li>给已有函数增加额外功能</li></ul><h3 id="装饰器语法糖" tabindex="-1">装饰器语法糖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器语法糖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器语法糖&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>@装饰器函数名</code></p><p><code>@装饰器类名</code></p><p><code>@装饰器函数名(param)</code></p><p><code>@装饰器类名(param)</code></p><h2 id="函数的函数装饰器-函数作为函数的装饰器" tabindex="-1">函数的函数装饰器（函数作为函数的装饰器） <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数的函数装饰器-函数作为函数的装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数的函数装饰器（函数作为函数的装饰器）&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="不带参数的装饰器函数" tabindex="-1">不带参数的装饰器函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不带参数的装饰器函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不带参数的装饰器函数&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>这里的不带参数是指<code>@装饰器</code>后没有<code>(参数)</code>而非装饰器函数没有参数</p></blockquote><p>例如下面的<code>record</code>函数就是一个简单装饰器，作用是记录被装饰函数的执行耗时</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不带参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start</span><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.0049748420715332</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@record</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不带参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span><span style="color:#24292E;">start</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.0049748420715332</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="本质" tabindex="-1">本质 <a class="header-anchor" href="#本质" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;本质&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在上述不带参数的装饰器函数例子中，14行<code>@record</code>实质上等于<code>test = record(test)</code>,最终调用<code>test(&#39;tom&#39;,18)</code>的伪代码：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># func(*args, **kwargs) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -&gt; 原始的test(&#39;tom&#39;,18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -&gt; 原始的test(&#39;tom&#39;,18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># func(*args, **kwargs) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -&gt; 原始的test(&#39;tom&#39;,18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -&gt; 原始的test(&#39;tom&#39;,18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="带参数的装饰器函数" tabindex="-1">带参数的装饰器函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#带参数的装饰器函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;带参数的装饰器函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python中一切皆对象，如果在对象后跟<code>()</code>即是执行调用的意思，例如函数，类，类里的函数，实现了<code>__call__</code>方法的对象都可以被调用，因为这些对象是<code>callable</code>对象。还是刚才的例子，<code>@装饰器(参数)</code>语法，实际上是在不带参数的装饰器函数基础上包了一层，由<code>test = record(test)</code>变成了<code>decorator = record(count); test = decorator(test)</code>。</p><p>例子如下</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start</span><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5.020708799362183</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span><span style="color:#24292E;">start</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5.020708799362183</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="本质-1" tabindex="-1">本质 <a class="header-anchor" href="#本质-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;本质&quot;">​</a></h3><p>带参数的装饰器，实际就是加了一层函数的嵌套，可以把这种装饰器拆成两步分析，第一步执行<code>record(5)</code>返回了函数<code>decorator</code>,<code>@decorator</code>这样就是不带参数的装饰器形式了。</p><h3 id="注意-装饰器返回的是一个全新的函数" tabindex="-1">注意：装饰器返回的是一个全新的函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注意-装饰器返回的是一个全新的函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注意：装饰器返回的是一个全新的函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>装饰器<strong>返回的是一个全新的函数</strong>，对函数的装饰方法（常写成<code>wrapper</code>）的参数列表为了兼容性可以写为<code>(*args, **kwargs)</code>，但是这个函数的参数实际可以写为任意形式（只要该参数包含被装饰函数的参数列表即可），回归到定义上来说就是<code>不修改已有函数的调用方式</code>即可。网上教程中通常把<code>wrapper</code>的参数写成和被装饰函数一致，很容易让人误以为这两者的参数列表必须保持一致。</p><p>例子：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataclasses </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">User</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    info: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">tuple</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(user):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">user.info)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># test(&#39;tom&#39;, 18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(test.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tom </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> User(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">info</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test(tom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start</span><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5.013930797576904</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataclasses </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">User</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    info: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">tuple</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(user):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">user.info)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># test(&#39;tom&#39;, 18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(test.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tom </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> User(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">info</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test(tom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span><span style="color:#24292E;">start</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5.013930797576904</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到，<code>test</code>函数的name为<code>wrapper</code>，也就是装饰功能的函数的名字，而且这里<code>test函数</code>的参数列表也已经变成了<code>(user)</code>，也就是这里实际上<code>test = wrapper(user)</code>。如果使用装饰器后，想保留原函数的名称，可以使用<code>@functools.wraps</code>来装饰<code>wrapper函数</code>。</p><p>例子：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> functools</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataclasses </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">User</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    info: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">tuple</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">@functools.wraps</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(func)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(user):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">user.info)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># test(&#39;tom&#39;, 18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(test.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tom </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> User(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">info</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test(tom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start</span><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5.015993118286133</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> functools</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataclasses </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">User</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    info: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">tuple</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@functools.wraps</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(func)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(user):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">user.info)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># test(&#39;tom&#39;, 18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(test.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tom </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> User(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">info</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test(tom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span><span style="color:#24292E;">start</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5.015993118286133</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到，在对<code>test</code>进行了装饰后,返回的新的函数名称还是保持为<code>test</code></p><h2 id="函数的类装饰器-类作为函数的装饰器" tabindex="-1">函数的类装饰器（类作为函数的装饰器） <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数的类装饰器-类作为函数的装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数的类装饰器（类作为函数的装饰器）&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="不带参数的装饰器类" tabindex="-1">不带参数的装饰器类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不带参数的装饰器类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不带参数的装饰器类&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类也可以作为装饰器使用，需要实现<code>__init__</code>函数和<code>__call__</code>函数,例子：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Timer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.func </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> func</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__call__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ret </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Time : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ret</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@Timer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 等价于 add = Timer(add)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(add(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Timer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.func </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> func</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__call__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ret </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Time : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ret</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@Timer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 等价于 add = Timer(add)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(add(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="带参数的装饰器类" tabindex="-1">带参数的装饰器类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#带参数的装饰器类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;带参数的装饰器类&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类似带参数的装饰器函数，带参数的装饰器类需要在<code>__call__</code>函数内部，再包一层</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Timer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, pre_fix):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.pre_fix </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pre_fix</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__call__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ret </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.pre_fix</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ret</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@Timer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">pre_fix</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;current_time&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(add(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Timer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, pre_fix):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.pre_fix </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pre_fix</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__call__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ret </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.pre_fix</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ret</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@Timer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">pre_fix</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;current_time&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(add(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="类的函数装饰器-函数作为类的装饰器" tabindex="-1">类的函数装饰器（函数作为类的装饰器） <a class="header-anchor" href="#类的函数装饰器-函数作为类的装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类的函数装饰器（函数作为类的装饰器）&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="不带参数" tabindex="-1">不带参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不带参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不带参数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>函数也可以装饰类，下面的例子中，<code>add_str</code>是一个参数为<code>class</code>,返回值也是<code>class</code>的函数，装饰了MyObj类，作用是<code>把被装饰类的__str__函数替换为打印self.__dict__</code></p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add_str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cls):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__dict__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@add_str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyObj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(MyObj(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;b&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add_str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cls):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__dict__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@add_str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyObj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(MyObj(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;b&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="带参数" tabindex="-1">带参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#带参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;带参数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add_str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_cls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cls):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;调用时间 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 点 == &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__dict__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@add_str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">time</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;19&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyObj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(MyObj(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">调用时间 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">19</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 点 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;b&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add_str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_cls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cls):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;调用时间 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 点 == &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__dict__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@add_str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">time</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;19&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyObj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(MyObj(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">调用时间 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">19</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 点 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;b&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="类作为类的装饰器" tabindex="-1">类作为类的装饰器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类作为类的装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类作为类的装饰器&quot;">​</a></h2><p>没什么意义</p>`,52),e=[o];function c(t,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const m=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{C as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_base_\350\243\205\351\245\260\345\231\250\346\267\261\345\205\245.md.8bff5476.lean.js" "b/assets/python_base_\350\243\205\351\245\260\345\231\250\346\267\261\345\205\245.md.8bff5476.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96bef6667
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_base_\350\243\205\351\245\260\345\231\250\346\267\261\345\205\245.md.8bff5476.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const C=JSON.parse('{"title":"装饰器深入","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/base/装饰器深入.md","filePath":"python/base/装饰器深入.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/base/装饰器深入.md"},o=l("",52),e=[o];function c(t,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const m=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{C as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_CrawlSpider\345\205\250\347\253\231\347\210\254\345\217\226.md.07efa714.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_CrawlSpider\345\205\250\347\253\231\347\210\254\345\217\226.md.07efa714.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fa44417a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_CrawlSpider\345\205\250\347\253\231\347\210\254\345\217\226.md.07efa714.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"CrawlSpider全站爬取","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/CrawlSpider全站爬取.md","filePath":"python/crawler/CrawlSpider全站爬取.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/CrawlSpider全站爬取.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="crawlspider全站爬取" tabindex="-1">CrawlSpider全站爬取 <a class="header-anchor" href="#crawlspider全站爬取" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CrawlSpider全站爬取&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="crawlspider" tabindex="-1">CrawlSpider <a class="header-anchor" href="#crawlspider" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CrawlSpider&quot;">​</a></h2><p>CrawlSpider是Spider的一个子类，具有提取指定规则链接的功能</p><p>CrawlSpider的作用：</p><ul><li>全站爬取 <ul><li>基于Spider手动请求</li><li>基于CrawlSpider</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="项目创建" tabindex="-1">项目创建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#项目创建" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;项目创建&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><code>scrapy startproject crawl_spider</code></li><li><code>cd crawl_spider</code></li><li>创建基于CrawlSpider的爬虫类：<code>scrapy genspider -t crawl storyxc xxx.com</code> 相比普通的增加了<code>-t crawl</code>参数</li></ul><h3 id="链接提取器" tabindex="-1">链接提取器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#链接提取器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;链接提取器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>根据指定规则（allow=‘正则表达式“）提取符合要求的所有url</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">link </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">allow</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">id=1&amp;page=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">link </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">allow</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id=1&amp;page=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="规则解析器" tabindex="-1">规则解析器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#规则解析器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;规则解析器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>将链接提取器提取到的链接进行指定规则（callback）的解析</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">rules </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Rule(link, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;parse_item&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">follow</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">rules </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Rule(link, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;parse_item&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">follow</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>follow参数的作用： <ul><li>True：可以将链接提取器继续作用到链接提取器提取到的链接（递归）</li><li>False：只提取起始页的数据</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="案例-提取东莞阳光问政平台的问政标题和编号" tabindex="-1">案例：提取东莞阳光问政平台的问政标题和编号 <a class="header-anchor" href="#案例-提取东莞阳光问政平台的问政标题和编号" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;案例：提取东莞阳光问政平台的问政标题和编号&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="爬虫类" tabindex="-1">爬虫类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#爬虫类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;爬虫类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.linkextractors </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkExtractor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.spiders </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CrawlSpider, Rule</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> crawl_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CrawlSpiderItem,DetailItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CrawlSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://wz.sun0769.com/political/index/politicsNewest&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 链接提取器,符合正则表达式的链接都会被提取</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    link </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">allow</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">id=1&amp;page=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    detail_link </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">allow</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">political</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">politics</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">index</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\?</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">id=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    rules </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Rule(link, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;parse_item&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">follow</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Rule(detail_link, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;parse_detail&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/ul[2]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            wz_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./span[1]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            wz_title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./span[3]/a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CrawlSpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wz_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wz_title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/span[4]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;编号：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/pre/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DetailItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.linkextractors </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkExtractor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.spiders </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CrawlSpider, Rule</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> crawl_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CrawlSpiderItem,DetailItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CrawlSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://wz.sun0769.com/political/index/politicsNewest&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 链接提取器,符合正则表达式的链接都会被提取</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    link </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">allow</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id=1&amp;page=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    detail_link </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">allow</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\/</span><span style="color:#032F62;">political</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\/</span><span style="color:#032F62;">politics</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\/</span><span style="color:#032F62;">index</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\?</span><span style="color:#032F62;">id=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    rules </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Rule(link, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;parse_item&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">follow</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Rule(detail_link, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;parse_detail&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/ul[2]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            wz_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./span[1]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            wz_title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./span[3]/a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CrawlSpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wz_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wz_title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/span[4]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;编号：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/pre/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DetailItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="item类" tabindex="-1">item类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#item类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;item类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your scraped items</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CrawlSpiderItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DetailItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your scraped items</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CrawlSpiderItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DetailItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="pipeline类" tabindex="-1">Pipeline类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pipeline类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Pipeline类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark has-diff vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define your item pipelines here</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Don&#39;t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> itemadapter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ItemAdapter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> crawl_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CrawlSpiderItem, DetailItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CrawlSpiderPipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__class__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;DetailItem&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    cursor.execute(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;insert into tb_wz_content(id,content) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;插入问政内容失败!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    conn.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    cursor.execute(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;insert into tb_wz_title(id,title) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;插入问政标题失败!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    conn.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light has-diff vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define your item pipelines here</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Don&#39;t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> itemadapter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ItemAdapter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> crawl_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CrawlSpiderItem, DetailItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CrawlSpiderPipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__class__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;DetailItem&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    cursor.execute(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;insert into tb_wz_content(id,content) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;插入问政内容失败!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    conn.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    cursor.execute(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;insert into tb_wz_title(id,title) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;插入问政标题失败!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    conn.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="settings" tabindex="-1">settings <a class="header-anchor" href="#settings" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;settings&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crawl_spider&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crawl_spider.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crawl_spider.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Obey robots.txt rules</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crawl_spider.pipelines.CrawlSpiderPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crawl_spider&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crawl_spider.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crawl_spider.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Obey robots.txt rules</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crawl_spider.pipelines.CrawlSpiderPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>启动爬虫：</p><p>数据库会新增数据</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210502012334780.png" alt="image-20210502012334780"></p>`,26),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{m as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_CrawlSpider\345\205\250\347\253\231\347\210\254\345\217\226.md.07efa714.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_CrawlSpider\345\205\250\347\253\231\347\210\254\345\217\226.md.07efa714.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3e3618d2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_CrawlSpider\345\205\250\347\253\231\347\210\254\345\217\226.md.07efa714.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"CrawlSpider全站爬取","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/CrawlSpider全站爬取.md","filePath":"python/crawler/CrawlSpider全站爬取.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/CrawlSpider全站爬取.md"},o=l("",26),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{m as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_python\351\205\215\345\220\210ffmpeg\344\270\213\350\275\275bilibili\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.22b9dad0.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_python\351\205\215\345\220\210ffmpeg\344\270\213\350\275\275bilibili\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.22b9dad0.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbdaf5dd3
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+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_python\351\205\215\345\220\210ffmpeg\344\270\213\350\275\275bilibili\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.22b9dad0.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频.md","filePath":"python/crawler/python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/crawler/python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频.md"},o=p(`<h1 id="python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频" tabindex="-1">python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频&quot;">​</a></h1><p>直接上代码</p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>需要提前下载ffmpeg并配置环境变量，ffmpeg下载地址：<a href="http://www.ffmpeg.org/download.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://www.ffmpeg.org/download.html</a></p></div><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> subprocess</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    requests获取页面源码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send_request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b_url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    正则匹配视频和音频的真实地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_play_info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    json_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json.loads(re.findall(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&lt;script&gt;window\\.__playinfo__=(.*?)&lt;/script&gt;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, data)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_url, audio_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    分别下载视频和音频文件后利用ffmpeg合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">download</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(info_list, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;开始下载: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">info</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">info_list[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">info_list[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    desktop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;~&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Desktop&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> desktop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\\\</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> info</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> desktop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\\\</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_.mp3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果视频名称中有&#39;-&#39; 执行ffmpeg合并的时候会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_path.replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> audio_path.replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(video_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(audio_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(audio_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    cmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ffmpeg -y -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; -c:v copy -c:a aac -strict experimental &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    subprocess.Popen(cmd, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">shell</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># os.system(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;下载完成&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;请输入要下载的b站视频链接:&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> send_request(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析视频的名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re.findall(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&lt;h1 title=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">(.*?)</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> class=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">video-title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, page_data)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    play_info_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> get_play_info(page_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    download(play_info_list, title)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> subprocess</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    requests获取页面源码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send_request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b_url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    正则匹配视频和音频的真实地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_play_info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    json_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json.loads(re.findall(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&lt;script&gt;window\\.__playinfo__=(.*?)&lt;/script&gt;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, data)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_url, audio_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    分别下载视频和音频文件后利用ffmpeg合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">download</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(info_list, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;开始下载: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">info</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">info_list[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">info_list[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    desktop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;~&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Desktop&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> desktop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\\\</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> info</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> desktop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\\\</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_.mp3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果视频名称中有&#39;-&#39; 执行ffmpeg合并的时候会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_path.replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> audio_path.replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(video_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(audio_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(audio_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    cmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ffmpeg -y -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; -c:v copy -c:a aac -strict experimental &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    subprocess.Popen(cmd, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">shell</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># os.system(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;下载完成&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;请输入要下载的b站视频链接:&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> send_request(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析视频的名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re.findall(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&lt;h1 title=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">(.*?)</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> class=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">video-title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, page_data)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    play_info_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> get_play_info(page_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    download(play_info_list, title)</span></span></code></pre></div>`,4),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{_ as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_python\351\205\215\345\220\210ffmpeg\344\270\213\350\275\275bilibili\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.22b9dad0.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_python\351\205\215\345\220\210ffmpeg\344\270\213\350\275\275bilibili\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.22b9dad0.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d462f1b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_python\351\205\215\345\220\210ffmpeg\344\270\213\350\275\275bilibili\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.22b9dad0.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频.md","filePath":"python/crawler/python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/crawler/python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频.md"},o=p("",4),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{_ as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_requests\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d0393d61.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_requests\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d0393d61.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2853cd817
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_requests\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d0393d61.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"requests模块入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/requests模块入门.md","filePath":"python/crawler/requests模块入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/requests模块入门.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="requests模块入门" tabindex="-1">requests模块入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#requests模块入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;requests模块入门&quot;">​</a></h1><p>requests模块是python中原生的一款基于网络请求的模块，功能强大，简单便捷，效率极高。</p><p>作用：模拟浏览器发请求</p><ul><li>指定url</li><li>发起请求</li><li>获取响应</li><li>持久化存储</li></ul><h2 id="入门程序" tabindex="-1">入门程序 <a class="header-anchor" href="#入门程序" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;入门程序&quot;">​</a></h2><p>环境安装：pip install requests</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬取搜狗首页的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.sogou.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(url,headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./sogou.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;w&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fp:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fp.write(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;爬取结束&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬取搜狗首页的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.sogou.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(url,headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./sogou.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;w&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fp:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fp.write(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;爬取结束&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p>坑1：ValueError：requests check_hostname requires server_hostname</p><p>坑2：requests.exceptions.SSLError: hostname &#39;127.0.0.1&#39; doesn&#39;t match None of。。</p><p>网上有说降低requests版本的，有安装乱七八糟东西的，最后是降低了urllib3的版本解决的，据说是高版本的urllib有个bug</p><p>pip install urllib3==1.25.8</p></div><h2 id="简易网页采集器" tabindex="-1">简易网页采集器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简易网页采集器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简易网页采集器&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.sogou.com/web&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    keyword </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;enter your keyword: &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># UA伪装</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.114 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    param </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;query&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: keyword</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">params</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">param,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    resp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    file_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> keyword </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(resp)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;保存成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.sogou.com/web&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    keyword </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;enter your keyword: &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># UA伪装</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.114 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    param </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;query&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: keyword</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">params</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">param,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    resp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    file_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> keyword </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(resp)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;保存成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="百度翻译内容提取" tabindex="-1">百度翻译内容提取 <a class="header-anchor" href="#百度翻译内容提取" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;百度翻译内容提取&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    keyword </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kw&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dog&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">keyword, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    _json </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    file_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> keyword.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kw&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.json&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json.dump(_json,f,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;json存储成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    keyword </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kw&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dog&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">keyword, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    _json </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    file_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> keyword.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kw&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.json&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json.dump(_json,f,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;json存储成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>结果：</p><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;errno&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;data&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dog&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;n. 狗; 蹩脚货; 丑女人; 卑鄙小人 v. 困扰; 跟踪&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DOG&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;abbr. Data Output Gate 数据输出门&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;doge&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;n. 共和国总督&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dogm&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;abbr. dogmatic 教条的; 独断的; dogmatism 教条主义; dogmatist&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Dogo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[地名] [马里、尼日尔、乍得] 多戈; [地名] [韩国] 道高&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;errno&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;data&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dog&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;n. 狗; 蹩脚货; 丑女人; 卑鄙小人 v. 困扰; 跟踪&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DOG&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;abbr. Data Output Gate 数据输出门&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;doge&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;n. 共和国总督&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dogm&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;abbr. dogmatic 教条的; 独断的; dogmatism 教条主义; dogmatist&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Dogo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[地名] [马里、尼日尔、乍得] 多戈; [地名] [韩国] 道高&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="豆瓣电影排行榜" tabindex="-1">豆瓣电影排行榜 <a class="header-anchor" href="#豆瓣电影排行榜" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;豆瓣电影排行榜&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    total </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">748</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    limit </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;interval_id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;100:90&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;action&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;start&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: start,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;limit&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: limit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> limit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    res_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> limit </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">params</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">params, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            res_json </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            res_list.append(res_json)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;douban_movie.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json.dump(res_list, f, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;over&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    total </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">748</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    limit </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;interval_id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;100:90&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;action&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;start&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: start,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;limit&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: limit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> limit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    res_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> limit </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">params</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">params, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            res_json </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            res_list.append(res_json)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;douban_movie.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json.dump(res_list, f, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;over&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="国家药品管理局化妆品生产许可信息" tabindex="-1">国家药品管理局化妆品生产许可信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#国家药品管理局化妆品生产许可信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;国家药品管理局化妆品生产许可信息&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表页ajax</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsList&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 详情页ajax</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    detail_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsById&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pageSize&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;productName&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;conditionType&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;applyname&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;applysn&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    detail_params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 数据容器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表页响应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">params</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">params, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    res_obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 提取列表信息遍历</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    res_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res_obj.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;list&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># id是详情页请求的参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        detail_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ID&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        detail_params[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> detail_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 详情页响应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        resp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">detail_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">params</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">detail_params, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        res_obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> resp.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 容器保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data_list.append(res_obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 持久化存储</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;make_up_xkz.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json.dump(data_list, f, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;over&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表页ajax</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsList&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 详情页ajax</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    detail_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsById&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pageSize&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;productName&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;conditionType&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;applyname&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;applysn&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    detail_params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 数据容器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表页响应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">params</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">params, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    res_obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 提取列表信息遍历</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    res_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res_obj.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;list&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># id是详情页请求的参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        detail_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ID&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        detail_params[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> detail_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 详情页响应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        resp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">detail_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">params</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">detail_params, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        res_obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> resp.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 容器保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data_list.append(res_obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 持久化存储</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;make_up_xkz.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json.dump(data_list, f, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;over&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="正则表达式匹配" tabindex="-1">正则表达式匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#正则表达式匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;正则表达式匹配&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="爬取糗事百科图片" tabindex="-1">爬取糗事百科图片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#爬取糗事百科图片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;爬取糗事百科图片&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">13</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        page_no </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/imgrank/page/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        page_txt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        exp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb&quot;&gt;.*?&lt;img src=&quot;(.*?)&quot; alt.*?&lt;/div&gt;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        src_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re.findall(exp, page_txt, re.S)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(src_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https:&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 向图片url发请求保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            stream </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 文件名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src.split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            img_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(img_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f.write(stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(img_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;下载成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">13</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        page_no </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/imgrank/page/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        page_txt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        exp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb&quot;&gt;.*?&lt;img src=&quot;(.*?)&quot; alt.*?&lt;/div&gt;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        src_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re.findall(exp, page_txt, re.S)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(src_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https:&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 向图片url发请求保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            stream </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 文件名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src.split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            img_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(img_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f.write(stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(img_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;下载成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="xpath解析" tabindex="-1">XPath解析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#xpath解析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;XPath解析&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="解析58二手房标题" tabindex="-1">解析58二手房标题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解析58二手房标题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解析58二手房标题&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://bj.58.com/ershoufang/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;property&quot;]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;58.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//h3[@class=&quot;property-content-title-name&quot;]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f.write(title[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\r\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://bj.58.com/ershoufang/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;property&quot;]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;58.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//h3[@class=&quot;property-content-title-name&quot;]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f.write(title[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\r\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="多线程爬取美女图片" tabindex="-1">多线程爬取美女图片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多线程爬取美女图片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多线程爬取美女图片&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">download_pic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_no, real_url, first_page_url, ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;=============开始下载第 &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_no) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; 页=================&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_no </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pattern </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        init_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(real_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pattern)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        init_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> first_page_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    down_page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">init_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    down_tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(down_page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> down_tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;slist&quot;]//li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        img_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//img/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        img_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//img/@alt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        img_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> img_name.encode(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;iso-8859-1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).decode(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;gbk&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./beauty/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> img_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            stream </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">img_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f.write(stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(img_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; 下载成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/index.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    next_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/index</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./beauty&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./beauty&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;page&quot;]/a[7]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    total_page_no </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_info[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    thread_pool </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(total_page_no):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        thread_pool.submit(download_pic, i, next_url, url)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">download_pic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_no, real_url, first_page_url, ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;=============开始下载第 &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_no) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; 页=================&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_no </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pattern </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        init_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(real_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pattern)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        init_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> first_page_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    down_page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">init_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    down_tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(down_page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> down_tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;slist&quot;]//li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        img_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//img/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        img_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//img/@alt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        img_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> img_name.encode(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;iso-8859-1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).decode(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;gbk&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./beauty/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> img_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            stream </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">img_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f.write(stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(img_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; 下载成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/index.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    next_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/index</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./beauty&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./beauty&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;page&quot;]/a[7]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    total_page_no </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_info[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    thread_pool </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(total_page_no):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        thread_pool.submit(download_pic, i, next_url, url)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="全国城市名称爬取" tabindex="-1">全国城市名称爬取 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全国城市名称爬取" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全国城市名称爬取&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.aqistudy.cn/historydata&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    cities </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;bottom&quot;]/ul//li/a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cities))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.aqistudy.cn/historydata&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    cities </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;bottom&quot;]/ul//li/a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cities))</span></span></code></pre></div>`,28),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const _=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_requests\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d0393d61.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_requests\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d0393d61.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0158b8ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_requests\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d0393d61.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"requests模块入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/requests模块入门.md","filePath":"python/crawler/requests模块入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/requests模块入门.md"},o=l("",28),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const _=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\346\241\206\346\236\266\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.dbea6a16.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\346\241\206\346\236\266\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.dbea6a16.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5273f795
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\346\241\206\346\236\266\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.dbea6a16.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"scrapy框架入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/scrapy框架入门.md","filePath":"python/crawler/scrapy框架入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/crawler/scrapy框架入门.md"},o=p(`<h1 id="scrapy框架入门" tabindex="-1">scrapy框架入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#scrapy框架入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;scrapy框架入门&quot;">​</a></h1><p>高性能的持久化存储，高性能的数据解析，分布式。</p><h2 id="使用" tabindex="-1">使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>安装：<code>pip install scrapy</code></li><li>创建项目：<code>scrapy startproject yourProjectName</code></li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">story_spider/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy.cfg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 部署配置文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">story_spider/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Python模块,代码写在这个目录下</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">items.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目项定义文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pipelines.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目管道文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">settings.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目设置文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">spiders/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 我们的爬虫/蜘蛛 目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">__init__.py</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">story_spider/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy.cfg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 部署配置文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">story_spider/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">             </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Python模块,代码写在这个目录下</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">items.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目项定义文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pipelines.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目管道文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">settings.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目设置文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">spiders/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 我们的爬虫/蜘蛛 目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">__init__.py</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>在spiders目录中创建一个爬虫文件</p><ul><li><code>cd 项目目录</code>（spriders文件夹所在的目录）</li><li><code>scrapy genspider storyxc storyxc.com</code></li></ul></li><li><p>爬虫文件内容</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    allowed_domains </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.storyxc.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://blog.storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(response)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    allowed_domains </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.storyxc.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://blog.storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(response)</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>修改settings.py中的ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False</p><p>执行工程命令后可以加 --nolog</p><p>也可以在setting.py中添加：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">#显示指定级别的日志信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">LOG_LEVEL = &#39;ERROR&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">#显示指定级别的日志信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">LOG_LEVEL = &#39;ERROR&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div></blockquote></li><li><p>执行工程<code>scrapy crawl storyxc</code>，日志信息</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">200 https://www.storyxc.com/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">200 https://blog.storyxc.com/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">200 https://www.storyxc.com/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">200 https://blog.storyxc.com/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h2 id="scrapy数据解析" tabindex="-1">scrapy数据解析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#scrapy数据解析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;scrapy数据解析&quot;">​</a></h2><p>解析糗事百科段子的作者和段子内容</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(author,content)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(author,content)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="基于终端指令持久化存储" tabindex="-1">基于终端指令持久化存储 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于终端指令持久化存储" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于终端指令持久化存储&quot;">​</a></h2><p>代码改造：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:author,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            data_list.append(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data_list</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:author,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            data_list.append(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data_list</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>只能将parse方法返回的内容存储到本地文件中</li><li>持久化存储的格式只有&#39;json&#39;, &#39;jsonlines&#39;, &#39;jl&#39;, &#39;csv&#39;, &#39;xml&#39;, &#39;marshal&#39;, &#39;pickle&#39;</li><li>指令：<code>scrapy crawl xxx -o path</code></li></ul><h2 id="基于管道持久化存储" tabindex="-1">基于管道持久化存储 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于管道持久化存储" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于管道持久化存储&quot;">​</a></h2><p>流程：</p><ul><li><p>数据解析</p></li><li><p>在item类中定义相关的属性</p><ul><li>fieldName = scrapy.Field()</li></ul></li><li><p>将解析的数据封装存储到Item类型的对象中</p></li><li><p>将item类型的对象提交给管道进行持久化存储的操作</p></li><li><p>在管道类的process_item函数中要将其接受到的item对象中存储的数据进行持久化操作</p></li><li><p>在settings.py中开启管道</p></li></ul><h3 id="代码改造" tabindex="-1">代码改造 <a class="header-anchor" href="#代码改造" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;代码改造&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-Python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">Python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="items模块" tabindex="-1">items模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#items模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;items模块&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="pipelines模块" tabindex="-1">pipelines模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pipelines模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pipelines模块&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StorySpiderPipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># open_spider方法只会在爬虫开始时调用一次,可以用于数据初始化操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open_spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;开始执行爬虫...&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./qiubai.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># close_spider会在结束时调用一次</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close_spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;爬虫执行结束...&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 专门用来处理item对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 该方法可以接收爬虫文件提交的item对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp.write(author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;:&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StorySpiderPipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># open_spider方法只会在爬虫开始时调用一次,可以用于数据初始化操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open_spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;开始执行爬虫...&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./qiubai.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># close_spider会在结束时调用一次</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close_spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;爬虫执行结束...&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 专门用来处理item对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 该方法可以接收爬虫文件提交的item对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp.write(author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;:&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>return item可以使item继续传递到下一个即将被执行的管道类中，以此可以实现多个管道类的操作，比如一份数据持久化到文件，一份数据持久化到数据库</p></div><h3 id="配置文件中开启管道" tabindex="-1">配置文件中开启管道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置文件中开启管道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置文件中开启管道&quot;">​</a></h3><p>settings.py中修改</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Configure item pipelines</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider.pipelines.StorySpiderPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Configure item pipelines</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider.pipelines.StorySpiderPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="执行爬虫" tabindex="-1">执行爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#执行爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;执行爬虫&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">scrapy crawl storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">开始执行爬虫</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">爬虫执行结束</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">目录下生成了qiubai.txt</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">scrapy crawl storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">开始执行爬虫</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">爬虫执行结束</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">目录下生成了qiubai.txt</span></span></code></pre></div>`,28),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\346\241\206\346\236\266\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.dbea6a16.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\346\241\206\346\236\266\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.dbea6a16.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34d7794f8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\346\241\206\346\236\266\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.dbea6a16.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"scrapy框架入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/scrapy框架入门.md","filePath":"python/crawler/scrapy框架入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/crawler/scrapy框架入门.md"},o=p("",28),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const u=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\350\277\233\351\230\266.md.1f915c21.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\350\277\233\351\230\266.md.1f915c21.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..309419be5
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\350\277\233\351\230\266.md.1f915c21.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"scrapy进阶","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/scrapy进阶.md","filePath":"python/crawler/scrapy进阶.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/scrapy进阶.md"},e=l(`<h1 id="scrapy进阶" tabindex="-1">scrapy进阶 <a class="header-anchor" href="#scrapy进阶" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;scrapy进阶&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="全站数据爬取" tabindex="-1">全站数据爬取 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全站数据爬取" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全站数据爬取&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>将网站中某板块下的全部页码对应页面数据进行爬取</p></li><li><p>需求:爬取<a href="http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%A1%B5%E7%A0%81%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/的所有页码的所有照片名称</a></p></li><li><p>实现方式</p><ul><li><p>将所有页面url添加到start_urls列表</p></li><li><p>手动进行请求发送</p></li></ul></li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url_template </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/list12</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            img_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[2]//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(img_name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.page_num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            next_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.url_template </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.page_num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.page_num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 手动请求发送:yield scrapy.Request(url,callback)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># callback专门用作数据解析</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">next_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parse)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url_template </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/list12</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            img_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[2]//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(img_name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.page_num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            next_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.url_template </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.page_num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.page_num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 手动请求发送:yield scrapy.Request(url,callback)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># callback专门用作数据解析</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">next_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parse)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="五大核心组件" tabindex="-1">五大核心组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#五大核心组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;五大核心组件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>引擎</li><li>调度器</li><li>下载器</li><li>Spider</li><li>管道</li></ul><p>流程:</p><ul><li><p>spider中产生url，对url进行请求发送</p></li><li><p>url会被封装成请求对象交给引擎，引擎把请求给调度器</p></li><li><p>调度器会使用过滤器将引擎提交的请求去重，将去重后的请求对象放入队列</p></li><li><p>调度器会把请求对象从队列中调度给引擎，引擎把请求交给下载器</p></li><li><p>下载器去互联网中进行数据下载，将数据封装在response里返回给引擎</p></li><li><p>引擎将response返回给spider，spider对数据进行解析，将数据封装到item当中，交给引擎</p></li><li><p>引擎把item交给管道</p></li><li><p>管道进行持久化存储</p></li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//1-200F3200S0420.png" alt="gzuo"></p><h2 id="请求传参" tabindex="-1">请求传参 <a class="header-anchor" href="#请求传参" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;请求传参&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>使用场景：如果爬取解析的数据不再同一张页面中（深度爬取）</p></li><li><p><code>yield scrapy.Request(url,callback,meta= {&#39;item&#39;:item})</code></p><ul><li>请求传参 item可以传递给callback回调函数</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="图片爬取之imagepipeline" tabindex="-1">图片爬取之ImagePipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#图片爬取之imagepipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;图片爬取之ImagePipeline&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>字符串持久化：xpath解析交给管道持久化</li><li>图片持久化：xpath解析出src属性，单独对图片地址发起请求获取图片二进制类型数据</li></ul><h3 id="imagepipeline" tabindex="-1">ImagePipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#imagepipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ImagePipeline&quot;">​</a></h3><p>只需要解析出img的src属性进行解析并提交到管道,管道就会对图片的src进行请求发送获取二进制数据</p><h4 id="爬虫文件" tabindex="-1">爬虫文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#爬虫文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;爬虫文件&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;container&quot;]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 该网站有懒加载,要使用伪属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./div/a/img/@src2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            real_src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https:&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(real_src)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;src&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> real_src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;container&quot;]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 该网站有懒加载,要使用伪属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./div/a/img/@src2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            real_src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https:&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(real_src)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;src&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> real_src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="items" tabindex="-1">Items <a class="header-anchor" href="#items" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Items&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your scraped items</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your scraped items</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="pipeline" tabindex="-1">Pipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#pipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Pipeline&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark has-diff vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># Define your item pipelines here</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># Don&#39;t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">import scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">class ImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    # 根据图片地址进行图片数据的请求</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        print(item[&#39;src&#39;])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        yield scrapy.Request(item[&#39;src&#39;])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None, *, item=None):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        # 指定图片存储路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        imageName = request.url.split(&#39;/&#39;)[-1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return imageName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return item  # 返回给下一个被执行的管道类</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light has-diff vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># Define your item pipelines here</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># Don&#39;t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">import scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">class ImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    # 根据图片地址进行图片数据的请求</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        print(item[&#39;src&#39;])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        yield scrapy.Request(item[&#39;src&#39;])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None, *, item=None):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        # 指定图片存储路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        imageName = request.url.split(&#39;/&#39;)[-1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return imageName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return item  # 返回给下一个被执行的管道类</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="settings" tabindex="-1">settings <a class="header-anchor" href="#settings" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;settings&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># 保存的文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">IMAGES_STORE = &#39;./imgs&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># 启用管道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">ITEM_PIPELINES = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    # 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">   &#39;story_spider.pipelines.ImagePipeline&#39;: 300</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># 保存的文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">IMAGES_STORE = &#39;./imgs&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># 启用管道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">ITEM_PIPELINES = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    # 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">   &#39;story_spider.pipelines.ImagePipeline&#39;: 300</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="danger custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">DANGER</p><p>这里直接运行不会报错,但是会发现也没有下载成功,但是实际上url已经能拿到了,把日志的级别放开后,查看日志信息会发现有一句<code> 2021-05-01 13:22:48 [scrapy.middleware] WARNING: Disabled ImgsPipeline: ImagesPipeline requires installing Pillow 4.0.0 or later</code></p><p>提示使用ImagesPipeline还需要安装下pillow :<code>pip install pillow</code></p><p>这个很坑,不仔细看找不到,排查了半天才解决</p></div><p>安装完pillow后启动爬虫，可以看到图片已经下载完成</p><h2 id="中间件" tabindex="-1">中间件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#中间件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;中间件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>下载中间件 <ul><li>位置：引擎和下载器之间</li><li>作用：批量拦截到整个工程中所有的请求和响应</li><li>拦截请求： <ul><li>UA伪装</li><li>代理IP设置</li></ul></li><li>拦截响应： <ul><li>篡改响应数据，响应对象</li></ul></li><li>核心方法： <ul><li>process_request：拦截请求</li><li>process_response：拦截响应</li><li>processs_exception：拦截发生异常的请求</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>爬虫中间件 <ul><li>位置：在引擎及爬虫</li><li>作用：处理spider的输入(response)和输出(item及requests).</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="下载中间件" tabindex="-1">下载中间件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载中间件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载中间件&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># UA 伪装,也可以设置ua池,随机设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        request.headers[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        request.meta[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;proxy&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://ip:port&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the response returned from the downloader.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must either;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Response object</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Request object</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - or raise IgnoreRequest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called when a download handler or a process_request()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 发生异常的请求切换代理 也可以实现代理池,指定切换逻辑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        request.meta[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;proxy&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://ip:port&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must either:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return None: continue processing this exception</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#将修正后的request重新进行发送</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># UA 伪装,也可以设置ua池,随机设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        request.headers[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        request.meta[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;proxy&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://ip:port&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the response returned from the downloader.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must either;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Response object</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Request object</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - or raise IgnoreRequest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called when a download handler or a process_request()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 发生异常的请求切换代理 也可以实现代理池,指定切换逻辑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        request.meta[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;proxy&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://ip:port&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must either:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return None: continue processing this exception</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#将修正后的request重新进行发送</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="案例-爬取网易新闻指定分类下的新闻标题和内容" tabindex="-1">案例:爬取网易新闻指定分类下的新闻标题和内容 <a class="header-anchor" href="#案例-爬取网易新闻指定分类下的新闻标题和内容" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;案例:爬取网易新闻指定分类下的新闻标题和内容&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="爬虫类" tabindex="-1">爬虫类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#爬虫类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;爬虫类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://news.163.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    module_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.browser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;index2016_wrap&quot;]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/ul/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        need_index </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> need_index:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            module_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list[index].xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.module_urls.append(module_url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.module_urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Request(url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parse_module)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#  解析篡改过的 已经添加了动态加载数据的响应信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse_module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div/div[3]/div[4]/div[1]/div[1]/div/ul/li/div/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># news_title = div.xpath(&#39;./div/div[1]/h3/a/text()&#39;).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            detail_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./div/div[1]/h3/a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">detail_url,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parse_detail)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析新闻详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;container&quot;]/div[1]/h1/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        detail_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div[2]//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        detail_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(detail_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> detail_text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">closed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self,spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.browser.quit()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://news.163.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    module_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.browser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;index2016_wrap&quot;]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/ul/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        need_index </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> need_index:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            module_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list[index].xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.module_urls.append(module_url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.module_urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Request(url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parse_module)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#  解析篡改过的 已经添加了动态加载数据的响应信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse_module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div/div[3]/div[4]/div[1]/div[1]/div/ul/li/div/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># news_title = div.xpath(&#39;./div/div[1]/h3/a/text()&#39;).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            detail_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./div/div[1]/h3/a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">detail_url,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parse_detail)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析新闻详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;container&quot;]/div[1]/h1/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        detail_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div[2]//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        detail_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(detail_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> detail_text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">closed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self,spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.browser.quit()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="中间件类" tabindex="-1">中间件类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#中间件类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;中间件类&quot;">​</a></h3><p>只展示了下载中间件</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StorySpiderDownloaderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拦截模块对应的响应对象,进行篡改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 由于是动态加载的内容,使用selenium</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 过滤指定的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> spider.module_urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> spider.browser</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.http </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HtmlResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只有指定模块url的数据才使用selenium请求并进行篡改数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            bro.get(request.url) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># selenium请求详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.page_source </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 包含了动态加载的新闻数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 要爬取的指定模块的响应内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实例化一个新的响应对象 (包含动态加载的新闻数据),替代原来的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            new_res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HtmlResponse(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">request.url,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">page_data,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">request</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> new_res</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#将修正后的request重新进行发送</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StorySpiderDownloaderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拦截模块对应的响应对象,进行篡改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 由于是动态加载的内容,使用selenium</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 过滤指定的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> spider.module_urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> spider.browser</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.http </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HtmlResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只有指定模块url的数据才使用selenium请求并进行篡改数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            bro.get(request.url) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># selenium请求详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.page_source </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 包含了动态加载的新闻数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 要爬取的指定模块的响应内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实例化一个新的响应对象 (包含动态加载的新闻数据),替代原来的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            new_res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HtmlResponse(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">request.url,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">page_data,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">request</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> new_res</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#将修正后的request重新进行发送</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="item类" tabindex="-1">Item类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#item类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Item类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="pipeline类" tabindex="-1">Pipeline类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pipeline类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Pipeline类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StroyxcPipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open_spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./163news.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp.write(item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;:&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close_spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StroyxcPipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open_spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./163news.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp.write(item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;:&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close_spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="settings配置" tabindex="-1">settings配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#settings配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;settings配置&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Obey robots.txt rules</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Enable or disable downloader middlewares</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider.middlewares.StorySpiderDownloaderMiddleware&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">543</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Configure item pipelines</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider.pipelines.StroyxcPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Obey robots.txt rules</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Enable or disable downloader middlewares</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider.middlewares.StorySpiderDownloaderMiddleware&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">543</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Configure item pipelines</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider.pipelines.StroyxcPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210501172946555.png" alt="image-20210501172946555"></p><h2 id="scrapy调试" tabindex="-1">scrapy调试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#scrapy调试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;scrapy调试&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>pycharm中编辑运行/debug配置</p></li><li><p>点击加号添加一个新的配置,选择python,给配置命个名,比如scrapy</p></li><li><p>script path选择python目录下的<code>Lib/site-packages/scrapycmdline.py</code></p></li><li><p>parameter填<code>crawl yourSpiderName</code></p></li><li><p>working directory填写爬虫项目路径</p></li><li><p>保存,再debug运行scrapy这个配置就行</p></li></ul><p>例如:</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210502101609233.png" alt="image-20210502101609233"></p>`,47),o=[e];function t(r,c,y,E,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,o)}const m=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\350\277\233\351\230\266.md.1f915c21.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\350\277\233\351\230\266.md.1f915c21.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4a4f35a2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_scrapy\350\277\233\351\230\266.md.1f915c21.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"scrapy进阶","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/scrapy进阶.md","filePath":"python/crawler/scrapy进阶.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/scrapy进阶.md"},e=l("",47),o=[e];function t(r,c,y,E,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,o)}const m=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,m as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_selenium\346\250\241\345\235\227.md.cf3e9bb9.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_selenium\346\250\241\345\235\227.md.cf3e9bb9.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0440269de
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_selenium\346\250\241\345\235\227.md.cf3e9bb9.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"selenium模块","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/selenium模块.md","filePath":"python/crawler/selenium模块.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/selenium模块.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="selenium模块" tabindex="-1">selenium模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#selenium模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;selenium模块&quot;">​</a></h1><p>selenium是一个用于web应用程序测试的工具,selenium测试直接运行在浏览器中,就像真正的用户在操作一样</p><p>selenium在爬虫中的应用:</p><ul><li>便捷的获取网站动态加载的数据</li><li>便捷的实现模拟登录</li></ul><p>selenium模块:</p><ul><li>基于浏览器自动化的一个模块</li></ul><h2 id="使用流程" tabindex="-1">使用流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用流程&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>环境安装：<code>pip install selenium</code></li><li>下载浏览器驱动程序</li></ul><blockquote><p><a href="http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html</a> 驱动程序</p></blockquote><ul><li>实例化浏览器对象</li><li>编写基于浏览器对象操作的代码</li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实例化一个浏览器对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">executable_path</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">D:</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\i</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">nstall</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\t</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">ools</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\c</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\c</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">exe</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 访问url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://movie.douban.com/typerank?type_name=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%E</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">5</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%89%</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">A7</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%E</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">6</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%83%</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">85&amp;type=11&amp;interval_id=100:90&amp;action=&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取页面源码内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> browser.page_source</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">span_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;movie-content&quot;]/div[1]/div[1]/span[1]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> span </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> span_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> span.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 退出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser.quit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;肖申克的救赎&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;霸王别姬&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;控方证人&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;伊丽莎白&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;阿甘正传&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;美丽人生&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;辛德勒的名单&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;茶馆&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;控方证人&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;十二怒汉（电视版）&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;这个杀手不太冷&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;千与千寻&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;泰坦尼克号&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;忠犬八公的故事&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;十二怒汉&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;泰坦尼克号 3D版&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;背靠背，脸对脸&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;灿烂人生&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;横空出世&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;遥望南方的童年&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实例化一个浏览器对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">executable_path</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;D:</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\i</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nstall</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\t</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ools</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\c</span><span style="color:#032F62;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\c</span><span style="color:#032F62;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">exe&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 访问url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://movie.douban.com/typerank?type_name=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%E</span><span style="color:#032F62;">5</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%89%</span><span style="color:#032F62;">A7</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%E</span><span style="color:#032F62;">6</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%83%</span><span style="color:#032F62;">85&amp;type=11&amp;interval_id=100:90&amp;action=&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取页面源码内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> browser.page_source</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">span_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;movie-content&quot;]/div[1]/div[1]/span[1]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> span </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> span_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> span.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 退出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser.quit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;肖申克的救赎&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;霸王别姬&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;控方证人&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;伊丽莎白&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;阿甘正传&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;美丽人生&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;辛德勒的名单&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;茶馆&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;控方证人&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;十二怒汉（电视版）&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;这个杀手不太冷&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;千与千寻&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;泰坦尼克号&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;忠犬八公的故事&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;十二怒汉&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;泰坦尼克号 3D版&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;背靠背，脸对脸&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;灿烂人生&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;横空出世&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;遥望南方的童年&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="简单操作" tabindex="-1">简单操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简单操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简单操作&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">executable_path</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">D:</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\i</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">nstall</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\t</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">ools</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\c</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\c</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">exe</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.taobao.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 找到搜索框</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">input_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;q&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输入值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">input_.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;macbook&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.execute_script(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击搜索按钮</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;J_TSearchForm&quot;]/div[1]/button&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 后退</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.back()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 前进</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.forward()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">executable_path</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;D:</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\i</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nstall</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\t</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ools</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\c</span><span style="color:#032F62;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\c</span><span style="color:#032F62;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">exe&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.taobao.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 找到搜索框</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">input_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;q&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输入值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">input_.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;macbook&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.execute_script(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击搜索按钮</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;J_TSearchForm&quot;]/div[1]/button&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 后退</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.back()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 前进</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.forward()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="iframe和动作链" tabindex="-1">iframe和动作链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iframe和动作链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iframe和动作链&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>如果定位的标签存在于iframe中,则必须使用<code>switch_to.frame(id)</code></li><li>动作链: from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains <ul><li>实例化: \`action = ActionChains(browser)</li><li>click_and_hold(div)长按点击操作</li><li>move_by_offset(x,y)</li><li>perform() 让动作链立即执行</li><li>action.release() 释放动作链</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="qq空间模拟登录" tabindex="-1">qq空间模拟登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#qq空间模拟登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;qq空间模拟登录&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://qzone.qq.com/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser.switch_to.frame(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;login_frame&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;switcher_plogin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">uname_input </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;u&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pwd_input </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;p&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">uname_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1234&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pwd_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;123411234&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">login_btn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;login_button&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">login_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser.quit()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://qzone.qq.com/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser.switch_to.frame(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;login_frame&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;switcher_plogin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">uname_input </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;u&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">pwd_input </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;p&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">uname_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1234&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">pwd_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;123411234&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">login_btn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;login_button&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">login_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser.quit()</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="无头浏览器-规避检测" tabindex="-1">无头浏览器+规避检测 <a class="header-anchor" href="#无头浏览器-规避检测" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;无头浏览器+规避检测&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChromeOptions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实现无可视化节目(无头浏览器)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实现规避检测</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChromeOptions()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option.add_experimental_option(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;excludeSwitches&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;enable-automation&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bro.page_source)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChromeOptions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实现无可视化节目(无头浏览器)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实现规避检测</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">option </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChromeOptions()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">option.add_experimental_option(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;excludeSwitches&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;enable-automation&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">option)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bro.page_source)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="_12306模拟登录" tabindex="-1">12306模拟登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_12306模拟登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;12306模拟登录&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PIL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ActionChains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChromeOptions</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChromeOptions()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option.add_experimental_option(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;excludeSwitches&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;enable-automation&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 访问12306</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.12306.cn/index/index.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">script </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Object.defineProperty(navigator,&quot;webdriver&quot;,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{get</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">()=&gt;undefined,}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">);&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.execute_script(script)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击登录标签</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a_btn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[5]/a[1]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击账号登录按钮</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">account_login </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li[2]/a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">account_login.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 保存页面截图</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.save_screenshot(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;page.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确定验证码图片对应的左上角和右下角的坐标,进行裁剪</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">code_element </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;J-loginImgArea&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">location </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> code_element.location  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 左上角坐标(x,y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> code_element.size  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 验证码图片的长和宽</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">rangle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(location[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;x&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(location[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;y&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(location[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;x&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;width&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(location[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;y&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;height&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 截取验证码图片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">image </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Image.open(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./page.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">frame </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> image.crop(rangle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rangle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">frame.save(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./code.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 超级鹰识别验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">im </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./code.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9004</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输入用户名和密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">uname_input </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;J-userName&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pwd_input </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;J-password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">uname_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;aaaaaaaaaaaa&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pwd_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;bbbbbbbbbbb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 处理识别结果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">all_position_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 即将被点击的坐标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    list_1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res.split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    count_1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(list_1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count_1):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        xy_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(list_1[i].split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(list_1[i].split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        xy_list.append(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        xy_list.append(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        all_position_list.append(xy_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res.split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res.split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    xy_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    xy_list.append(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    xy_list.append(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    all_position_list.append(xy_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(all_position_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用动作链点击验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> l </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> all_position_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> l[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> l[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 参照物是截取的验证码区域</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ActionChains(bro).move_to_element_with_offset(code_element, x, y).click().perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">login_btn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;J-login&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">login_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#滑动验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">span </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;nc_1_n1z&quot;]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 对div_tag进行滑动操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">action </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ActionChains(bro)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">action.click_and_hold(span).perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(span, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">400</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">action.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PIL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ActionChains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChromeOptions</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">option </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChromeOptions()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">option.add_experimental_option(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;excludeSwitches&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;enable-automation&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 访问12306</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.12306.cn/index/index.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">option)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">script </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Object.defineProperty(navigator,&quot;webdriver&quot;,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{get</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">()=&gt;undefined,}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">);&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.execute_script(script)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击登录标签</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a_btn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[5]/a[1]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击账号登录按钮</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">account_login </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li[2]/a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">account_login.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 保存页面截图</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.save_screenshot(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;page.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确定验证码图片对应的左上角和右下角的坐标,进行裁剪</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">code_element </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;J-loginImgArea&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">location </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> code_element.location  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 左上角坐标(x,y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> code_element.size  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 验证码图片的长和宽</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">rangle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(location[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;x&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(location[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;y&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(location[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;x&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;width&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(location[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;y&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;height&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 截取验证码图片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">image </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Image.open(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./page.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">frame </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> image.crop(rangle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rangle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">frame.save(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./code.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 超级鹰识别验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">im </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./code.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9004</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输入用户名和密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">uname_input </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;J-userName&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">pwd_input </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;J-password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">uname_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;aaaaaaaaaaaa&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">pwd_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;bbbbbbbbbbb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 处理识别结果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">all_position_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 即将被点击的坐标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    list_1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res.split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    count_1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(list_1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count_1):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        xy_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(list_1[i].split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(list_1[i].split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        xy_list.append(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        xy_list.append(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        all_position_list.append(xy_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res.split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res.split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    xy_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    xy_list.append(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    xy_list.append(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    all_position_list.append(xy_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(all_position_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用动作链点击验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> l </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> all_position_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> l[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> l[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 参照物是截取的验证码区域</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ActionChains(bro).move_to_element_with_offset(code_element, x, y).click().perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">login_btn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;J-login&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">login_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#滑动验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">span </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;nc_1_n1z&quot;]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 对div_tag进行滑动操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">action </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ActionChains(bro)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">action.click_and_hold(span).perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(span, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">400</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">action.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre></div><p>最后一步滑块验证码无法通过,还需要优化</p>`,22),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const _=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{m as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_selenium\346\250\241\345\235\227.md.cf3e9bb9.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_selenium\346\250\241\345\235\227.md.cf3e9bb9.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4db79bc28
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_selenium\346\250\241\345\235\227.md.cf3e9bb9.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const m=JSON.parse('{"title":"selenium模块","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/selenium模块.md","filePath":"python/crawler/selenium模块.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/selenium模块.md"},o=l("",22),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const _=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{m as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\222\214\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.25b6f5dc.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\222\214\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.25b6f5dc.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cccbee81b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\222\214\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.25b6f5dc.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const E=JSON.parse('{"title":"分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫.md","filePath":"python/crawler/分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫.md"},n=e(`<h1 id="分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫" tabindex="-1">分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="分布式爬虫" tabindex="-1">分布式爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式爬虫&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="概念" tabindex="-1">概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;概念&quot;">​</a></h3><p>搭建集群，让集群对一组资源进行联合爬取</p><h3 id="作用" tabindex="-1">作用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#作用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;作用&quot;">​</a></h3><p>提升爬取数据效率</p><h3 id="实现" tabindex="-1">实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>安装scrapy-redis组件</p></li><li><p>原生scrapy无法实现分布式爬虫</p><ul><li>调度器不可被集群共享</li><li>管道不可被集群共享</li></ul></li><li><p>scrapy-redis组件作用</p><ul><li>给原生scrapy提供被共享的调度器和管道</li></ul></li><li><p>实现流程</p><ul><li><p>创建工程</p></li><li><p>创建一个基于CrawlSpider的爬虫</p></li><li><p>修改爬虫文件</p><ul><li><p>爬虫文件添加<code>from scrapy_redis.spiders import RedisCrawlSpider</code></p></li><li><p>注释掉start_urls和allowed_domains</p></li><li><p>新增属性<code>redis_key = &#39;story&#39;</code>，代表被共享的调度器队列的名称</p></li><li><p>编写数据解析操作</p></li><li><p>将当前爬虫类的父类修改成<code>RedisCrawlSpider</code></p></li></ul></li><li><p>settings配置新增</p><ul><li><p>指定使用可以共享的管道</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">400</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">400</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>指定可以共享的调度器</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 增加一个去重容器的配置,使用redis的set来存储请求数据,实现请求去重持久化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DUPEFLTER_CLASS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用scrapy-redis组件自己的调度器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SCHEDULER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 配置调度器是否要持久化-爬虫结束要不要清空redis请求队列和去重的set</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SCHEDULER_PERSIST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 增加一个去重容器的配置,使用redis的set来存储请求数据,实现请求去重持久化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">DUPEFLTER_CLASS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用scrapy-redis组件自己的调度器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">SCHEDULER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 配置调度器是否要持久化-爬虫结束要不要清空redis请求队列和去重的set</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">SCHEDULER_PERSIST</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>配置redis的配置文件</p><ul><li><code>bind 127.0.0.1</code>注释掉</li><li>关闭保护模式:<code>protected-mode</code> 改为no</li></ul></li><li><p>启动redis</p></li><li><p>启动工程，进入到爬虫文件的目录后<code>scrapy runspider xxx</code></p></li><li><p>向调度器队列中放入起始url</p><ul><li><code>lpush redis_key url</code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="增量式爬虫" tabindex="-1">增量式爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#增量式爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;增量式爬虫&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="概念-1" tabindex="-1">概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#概念-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;概念&quot;">​</a></h3><p>检测网站数据更新情况，只会爬取网站最新更新的数据</p><h3 id="实现-1" tabindex="-1">实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>指定起始url</li><li>基于CrawlSpider获取其他页码链接</li><li>基于Rule对其他页码进行请求</li><li>从每一个页码对应源码中解析出详情页的url</li><li>==检测详情页的url是否被请求过（redis/mysql)==</li><li>对详情页发起请求</li><li>持久化存储</li></ul>`,13),o=[n];function i(r,t,c,d,y,u){return a(),l("div",null,o)}const _=s(p,[["render",i]]);export{E as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\222\214\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.25b6f5dc.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\222\214\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.25b6f5dc.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30110a8f3
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\210\206\345\270\203\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\222\214\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.25b6f5dc.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as l,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const E=JSON.parse('{"title":"分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫.md","filePath":"python/crawler/分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫.md"},n=e("",13),o=[n];function i(r,t,c,d,y,u){return a(),l("div",null,o)}const _=s(p,[["render",i]]);export{E as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\256\236\350\267\265\346\241\210\344\276\213 \344\270\213\350\275\275\346\214\207\345\256\232b\347\253\231up\344\270\273\347\232\204\346\211\200\346\234\211\344\275\234\345\223\201.md.ef525cf3.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\256\236\350\267\265\346\241\210\344\276\213 \344\270\213\350\275\275\346\214\207\345\256\232b\347\253\231up\344\270\273\347\232\204\346\211\200\346\234\211\344\275\234\345\223\201.md.ef525cf3.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77b518480
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\256\236\350\267\265\346\241\210\344\276\213 \344\270\213\350\275\275\346\214\207\345\256\232b\347\253\231up\344\270\273\347\232\204\346\211\200\346\234\211\344\275\234\345\223\201.md.ef525cf3.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1,635 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品.md","filePath":"python/crawler/增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/crawler/增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品.md"},o=p(`<h1 id="增量式爬虫实践案例-下载指定b站up主的所有作品" tabindex="-1">增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品 <a class="header-anchor" href="#增量式爬虫实践案例-下载指定b站up主的所有作品" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>增量式爬取指定的up主的所有投稿作品，即实现一个增量式爬虫。</p><p>这次示范的up主是个妹子😏<a href="https://space.bilibili.com/17485141/video" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">kototo</a>使用了scrapy框架，主要是为了练手，不使用框架反而会更简单一些。</p><p>python模块：scrapy、selenium、requests、pymysql</p><p>其他环境：ffmpeg、mysql</p><h2 id="创建一个项目并创建爬虫" tabindex="-1">创建一个项目并创建爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建一个项目并创建爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建一个项目并创建爬虫&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">startproject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kototo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kototo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">genspider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kototo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bilibili.com</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">startproject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kototo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kototo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">genspider</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kototo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bilibili.com</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="爬虫类" tabindex="-1">爬虫类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#爬虫类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;爬虫类&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kototo.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> KototoItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KototoSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        构造器,主要初始化了selenium对象并实现无头浏览器,以及</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        初始化需要爬取的url地址,因为b站的翻页是js实现的,所以要手动处理一下</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 构造无头浏览器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        chrome_options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定的up主的投稿页面,可以提到外面使用input输入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        space_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/17485141/video&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 初始化需要爬取的列表页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.init_start_urls(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.start_urls, space_url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建桌面文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;~&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Desktop</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\\\</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\\\</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        解析方法,解析列表页的视频li,拿到标题和详情页,然后主动请求详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;submit-video-list&quot;]/ul[2]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[2]/@title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(detail_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[2]/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">detail_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parse_detail)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        增量爬取: 解析详情页的音视频地址并交给管道处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        使用mysql实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;viewbox_report&quot;]/h1/@title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 替换掉视频名称中无法用在文件名中或会导致cmd命令出错的字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title.replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        play_info_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.get_play_info(response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 这里使用mysql的唯一索引实现增量爬取,如果是服务器上跑也可以用redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.insert_info(title, play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.mp3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> KototoItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> audio_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_temp_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;: 已经下载过了!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">insert_info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, vtitle, vurl):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        mysql持久化存储爬取过的视频内容信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param vtitle: 标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param vurl: 视频链接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sql </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;insert into tb_kototo(title,url) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (vtitle, vurl)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_play_info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, resp):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        解析详情页的源代码,提取其中的视频和文件真实地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param resp: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json.loads(re.findall(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&lt;script&gt;window\\.__playinfo__=(.*?)&lt;/script&gt;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, resp.text)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拿到视频和音频的真实链接地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        audio_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_url, audio_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init_start_urls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, url_list, person_page):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        初始化需要爬取的列表页,由于b站使用js翻页,无法在源码中找到翻页地址,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        需要自己手动实现解析翻页url的操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param url_list: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param person_page: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        mid </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re.findall(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/(.*?)/video\\w*&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, person_page)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://api.bilibili.com/x/space/arc/search?mid=&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mid </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&amp;ps=30&amp;tid=0&amp;pn=1&amp;keyword=&amp;order=pubdate&amp;jsonp=jsonp&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        total_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;count&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        page_size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ps&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_size:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">elif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_size</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url_template </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mid </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/video?tid=0&amp;page=&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&amp;keyword=&amp;order=pubdate&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_no </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            url_list.append(url_template </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">closed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        爬虫结束关闭selenium窗口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param spider: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.bro.quit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kototo.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> KototoItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KototoSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        构造器,主要初始化了selenium对象并实现无头浏览器,以及</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        初始化需要爬取的url地址,因为b站的翻页是js实现的,所以要手动处理一下</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 构造无头浏览器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        chrome_options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定的up主的投稿页面,可以提到外面使用input输入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        space_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/17485141/video&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 初始化需要爬取的列表页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.init_start_urls(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.start_urls, space_url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建桌面文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;~&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Desktop</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\\\</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\\\</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        解析方法,解析列表页的视频li,拿到标题和详情页,然后主动请求详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;submit-video-list&quot;]/ul[2]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[2]/@title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(detail_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[2]/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">detail_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parse_detail)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        增量爬取: 解析详情页的音视频地址并交给管道处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        使用mysql实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;viewbox_report&quot;]/h1/@title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 替换掉视频名称中无法用在文件名中或会导致cmd命令出错的字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title.replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        play_info_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.get_play_info(response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 这里使用mysql的唯一索引实现增量爬取,如果是服务器上跑也可以用redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.insert_info(title, play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.mp3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> KototoItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> audio_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_temp_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;: 已经下载过了!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">insert_info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, vtitle, vurl):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        mysql持久化存储爬取过的视频内容信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param vtitle: 标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param vurl: 视频链接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sql </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;insert into tb_kototo(title,url) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (vtitle, vurl)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_play_info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, resp):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        解析详情页的源代码,提取其中的视频和文件真实地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param resp: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json.loads(re.findall(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&lt;script&gt;window\\.__playinfo__=(.*?)&lt;/script&gt;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, resp.text)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拿到视频和音频的真实链接地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        audio_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_url, audio_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init_start_urls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, url_list, person_page):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        初始化需要爬取的列表页,由于b站使用js翻页,无法在源码中找到翻页地址,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        需要自己手动实现解析翻页url的操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param url_list: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param person_page: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        mid </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re.findall(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/(.*?)/video\\w*&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, person_page)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://api.bilibili.com/x/space/arc/search?mid=&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mid </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&amp;ps=30&amp;tid=0&amp;pn=1&amp;keyword=&amp;order=pubdate&amp;jsonp=jsonp&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        total_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;count&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        page_size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ps&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_size:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">elif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_size</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url_template </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mid </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/video?tid=0&amp;page=&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&amp;keyword=&amp;order=pubdate&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_no </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            url_list.append(url_template </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">closed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        爬虫结束关闭selenium窗口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param spider: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.bro.quit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="下载中间件" tabindex="-1">下载中间件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载中间件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载中间件&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark has-diff vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your spider middleware</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> signals</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> itemadapter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> is_item, ItemAdapter</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KototoSpiderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># passed objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">@</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">classmethod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">from_crawler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cls, crawler):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">signal</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">signals.spider_opened)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_spider_input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called for each response that goes through the spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># middleware and into the spider.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Should return None or raise an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_spider_output</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response, result, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the results returned from the Spider, after</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># it has processed the response.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_spider_exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_start_requests</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, start_requests, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the start requests of the spider, and works</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># that it doesn’t have a response associated.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must return only requests (not items).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start_requests:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">spider_opened</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        spider.logger.info(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Spider opened: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> spider.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KototoDownloaderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        篡改列表页的响应数据:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">            视频列表是通过ajax请求动态加载的,因此要通过selenium去加载这部分数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">            并篡改响应内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param request: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param spider: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> spider.start_urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> spider.bro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.http </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HtmlResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">            如果是列表页就进行响应篡改操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">            &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            bro.get(request.url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.page_source</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            new_response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HtmlResponse(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">request.url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">page_data, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">request</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 返回篡改过的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> new_response</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light has-diff vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your spider middleware</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> signals</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> itemadapter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> is_item, ItemAdapter</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KototoSpiderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># passed objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">classmethod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">from_crawler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cls, crawler):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">signal</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">signals.spider_opened)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_spider_input</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called for each response that goes through the spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># middleware and into the spider.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Should return None or raise an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_spider_output</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response, result, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the results returned from the Spider, after</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># it has processed the response.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_spider_exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_start_requests</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, start_requests, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the start requests of the spider, and works</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># that it doesn’t have a response associated.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must return only requests (not items).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start_requests:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">spider_opened</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        spider.logger.info(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Spider opened: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> spider.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KototoDownloaderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        篡改列表页的响应数据:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">            视频列表是通过ajax请求动态加载的,因此要通过selenium去加载这部分数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">            并篡改响应内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param request: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param spider: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> spider.start_urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> spider.bro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.http </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HtmlResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">            如果是列表页就进行响应篡改操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">            &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            bro.get(request.url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.page_source</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            new_response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HtmlResponse(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">request.url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">page_data, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">request</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 返回篡改过的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> new_response</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="item" tabindex="-1">Item <a class="header-anchor" href="#item" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Item&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KototoItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KototoItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="pipeline" tabindex="-1">Pipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#pipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Pipeline&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KototoPipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        audio </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">video, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        audio_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">audio, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(video_temp_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f.write(video_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(audio_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f.write(audio_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MergePipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    删除临时文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ffmpeg -y -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; -c:v copy -c:a aac -strict experimental &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.system(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.remove(video_temp_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.remove(audio_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(video_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;下载完成&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KototoPipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        audio </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">video, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        audio_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">audio, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(video_temp_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f.write(video_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(audio_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f.write(audio_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MergePipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    删除临时文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ffmpeg -y -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; -c:v copy -c:a aac -strict experimental &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.system(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.remove(video_temp_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.remove(audio_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(video_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;下载完成&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="settings" tabindex="-1">settings <a class="header-anchor" href="#settings" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;settings&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Accept&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/17485141/video&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Origin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">FILES_STORE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./files&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo.middlewares.KototoDownloaderMiddleware&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">543</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 下载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo.pipelines.KototoPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo.pipelines.MergePipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Accept&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/17485141/video&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Origin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">FILES_STORE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./files&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo.middlewares.KototoDownloaderMiddleware&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">543</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 下载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo.pipelines.KototoPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo.pipelines.MergePipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="启动" tabindex="-1">启动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>命令启动：<code>scrapy crawl kototo</code></p></li><li><p>配置pycharm启动（推荐）</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210503002914982.png" alt="image-20210503002914982"></p></li></ul><h3 id="下载结果" tabindex="-1">下载结果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载结果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载结果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210503003351357.png" alt="image-20210503003351357"></p><h3 id="mysql" tabindex="-1">mysql <a class="header-anchor" href="#mysql" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;mysql&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210503003551035.png" alt="image-20210503003551035"></p><h2 id="再次尝试下载时" tabindex="-1">再次尝试下载时 <a class="header-anchor" href="#再次尝试下载时" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;再次尝试下载时&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210503003617326.png" alt="image-20210503003617326"></p><p>已经爬取过的资源会提示已经下载过，只会处理更新的内容。</p>`,27),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const _=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\256\236\350\267\265\346\241\210\344\276\213 \344\270\213\350\275\275\346\214\207\345\256\232b\347\253\231up\344\270\273\347\232\204\346\211\200\346\234\211\344\275\234\345\223\201.md.ef525cf3.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\256\236\350\267\265\346\241\210\344\276\213 \344\270\213\350\275\275\346\214\207\345\256\232b\347\253\231up\344\270\273\347\232\204\346\211\200\346\234\211\344\275\234\345\223\201.md.ef525cf3.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a73d1e190
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\242\236\351\207\217\345\274\217\347\210\254\350\231\253\345\256\236\350\267\265\346\241\210\344\276\213 \344\270\213\350\275\275\346\214\207\345\256\232b\347\253\231up\344\270\273\347\232\204\346\211\200\346\234\211\344\275\234\345\223\201.md.ef525cf3.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品.md","filePath":"python/crawler/增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/crawler/增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品.md"},o=p("",27),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const _=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_\345\244\232\347\272\277\347\250\213\347\210\254\345\217\226\346\242\250\350\247\206\351\242\221\347\275\221\347\253\231\347\232\204\347\203\255\351\227\250\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.193d6fa2.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\244\232\347\272\277\347\250\213\347\210\254\345\217\226\346\242\250\350\247\206\351\242\221\347\275\221\347\253\231\347\232\204\347\203\255\351\227\250\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.193d6fa2.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84ab5b976
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\244\232\347\272\277\347\250\213\347\210\254\345\217\226\346\242\250\350\247\206\351\242\221\347\275\221\347\253\231\347\232\204\347\203\255\351\227\250\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.193d6fa2.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频.md","filePath":"python/crawler/多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频" tabindex="-1">多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> multiprocessing.dummy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Pool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 体育分类视频url地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/category_9&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_videos</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//ul[@id=&quot;listvideoListUl&quot;]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./video&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./video&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 存储所有的视频真实地址和名称信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_url_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 视频id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 视频名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//div[@class=&quot;vervideo-title&quot;]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 梨视频的video标签是动态加载的,通过请求抓包获取到的ajax地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ajax_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/videoStatus.jsp&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        query_param </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;contId&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: video_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;mrd&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(random.random())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 梨视频有Referer 防盗链验证</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 需要在普通的ua伪装中加入Referer请求头,否则会一直提示文章已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ajax_headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/video_&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json_obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ajax_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ajax_headers, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">params</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">query_param).json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 响应的地址:https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419/1618849825266-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实际的地址:https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419/cont-1727112-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实际地址中cont-后是视频id 因此要把这串字符串处理掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        temp_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_obj[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;videoInfo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;videos&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;srcUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        last_index </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> temp_url.rfind(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 最后一个/前的内容 https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> temp_url[:last_index]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 最后一个/后的内容根据-切片(不包含) 1618849825266-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        str_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> temp_url[last_index </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:].split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str_list)):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/cont-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">elif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str_list) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str_list[i]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str_list[i] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 字典存储视频信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_dict </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;url&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: real_video_url}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_url_list.append(video_dict)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_url_list</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># io操作较耗时,采用多线程进行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">download_video</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(dict):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dict[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dict[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;url&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_stream </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">video_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./video/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(video_stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;=============</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">video_name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">下载完毕===============&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 多线程执行下载任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    pool </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Pool(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    pool.map(download_video, get_videos())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> multiprocessing.dummy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Pool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 体育分类视频url地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/category_9&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_videos</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//ul[@id=&quot;listvideoListUl&quot;]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./video&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./video&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 存储所有的视频真实地址和名称信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_url_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 视频id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 视频名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//div[@class=&quot;vervideo-title&quot;]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 梨视频的video标签是动态加载的,通过请求抓包获取到的ajax地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ajax_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/videoStatus.jsp&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        query_param </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;contId&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: video_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;mrd&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(random.random())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 梨视频有Referer 防盗链验证</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 需要在普通的ua伪装中加入Referer请求头,否则会一直提示文章已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ajax_headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/video_&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json_obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ajax_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ajax_headers, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">params</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">query_param).json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 响应的地址:https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419/1618849825266-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实际的地址:https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419/cont-1727112-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实际地址中cont-后是视频id 因此要把这串字符串处理掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        temp_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_obj[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;videoInfo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;videos&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;srcUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        last_index </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> temp_url.rfind(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 最后一个/前的内容 https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> temp_url[:last_index]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 最后一个/后的内容根据-切片(不包含) 1618849825266-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        str_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> temp_url[last_index </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:].split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str_list)):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/cont-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">elif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str_list) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str_list[i]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str_list[i] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 字典存储视频信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_dict </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;url&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: real_video_url}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_url_list.append(video_dict)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_url_list</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># io操作较耗时,采用多线程进行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">download_video</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(dict):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dict[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dict[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;url&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_stream </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">video_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./video/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(video_stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;=============</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">video_name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">下载完毕===============&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 多线程执行下载任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    pool </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Pool(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    pool.map(download_video, get_videos())</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="流程" tabindex="-1">流程: <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程:&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>根据主链接拿到最热视频的视频id和视频名称</p></li><li><p>通过抓包拿到请求视频真实地址的ajax请求地址，修改参数，添加Referer请求头解决防盗链问题</p></li><li><p>通过ajax请求拿到响应的json对象，解析出我们需要的视频地址</p></li><li><p>通过对比可以得知视频地址是经过了字符串替换的，通过字符串操作得到真实的视频地址</p></li><li><p>将解析出来的视频信息字典统一存在列表，再定义一个持久化方法</p></li><li><p>通过多线程进行持久化操作</p></li></ul>`,4),e=[o];function t(r,c,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const A=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{_ as __pageData,A as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_\345\244\232\347\272\277\347\250\213\347\210\254\345\217\226\346\242\250\350\247\206\351\242\221\347\275\221\347\253\231\347\232\204\347\203\255\351\227\250\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.193d6fa2.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\244\232\347\272\277\347\250\213\347\210\254\345\217\226\346\242\250\350\247\206\351\242\221\347\275\221\347\253\231\347\232\204\347\203\255\351\227\250\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.193d6fa2.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..661721509
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\244\232\347\272\277\347\250\213\347\210\254\345\217\226\346\242\250\350\247\206\351\242\221\347\275\221\347\253\231\347\232\204\347\203\255\351\227\250\350\247\206\351\242\221.md.193d6fa2.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频.md","filePath":"python/crawler/多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频.md"},o=l("",4),e=[o];function t(r,c,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const A=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{_ as __pageData,A as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_\345\260\217\347\272\242\344\271\246\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.abb9f64d.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\260\217\347\272\242\344\271\246\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.abb9f64d.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80a94a1fa
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\260\217\347\272\242\344\271\246\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.abb9f64d.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as r,c as o,k as e,a}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const k=JSON.parse('{"title":"小红书图片爬虫","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/小红书爬虫.md","filePath":"python/crawler/小红书爬虫.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),s={name:"python/crawler/小红书爬虫.md"},n=e("h1",{id:"小红书图片爬虫",tabindex:"-1"},[a("小红书图片爬虫 "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#小红书图片爬虫","aria-label":'Permalink to "小红书图片爬虫"'},"​")],-1),c=e("h2",{id:"加密算法",tabindex:"-1"},[a("加密算法 "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#加密算法","aria-label":'Permalink to "加密算法"'},"​")],-1),d=e("p",null,[e("code",null,"x-sign = 'X' + md5(url处于域名后边部分+'WSUDD')")],-1),l=[n,c,d];function _(i,h,p,m,f,u){return r(),o("div",null,l)}const b=t(s,[["render",_]]);export{k as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_\345\260\217\347\272\242\344\271\246\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.abb9f64d.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\260\217\347\272\242\344\271\246\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.abb9f64d.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80a94a1fa
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_\345\260\217\347\272\242\344\271\246\347\210\254\350\231\253.md.abb9f64d.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as r,c as o,k as e,a}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const k=JSON.parse('{"title":"小红书图片爬虫","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/小红书爬虫.md","filePath":"python/crawler/小红书爬虫.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),s={name:"python/crawler/小红书爬虫.md"},n=e("h1",{id:"小红书图片爬虫",tabindex:"-1"},[a("小红书图片爬虫 "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#小红书图片爬虫","aria-label":'Permalink to "小红书图片爬虫"'},"​")],-1),c=e("h2",{id:"加密算法",tabindex:"-1"},[a("加密算法 "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#加密算法","aria-label":'Permalink to "加密算法"'},"​")],-1),d=e("p",null,[e("code",null,"x-sign = 'X' + md5(url处于域名后边部分+'WSUDD')")],-1),l=[n,c,d];function _(i,h,p,m,f,u){return r(),o("div",null,l)}const b=t(s,[["render",_]]);export{k as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_\351\252\214\350\257\201\347\240\201\350\257\206\345\210\253\345\222\214\346\250\241\346\213\237\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.cbdae13d.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_\351\252\214\350\257\201\347\240\201\350\257\206\345\210\253\345\222\214\346\250\241\346\213\237\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.cbdae13d.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..823f6010a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_\351\252\214\350\257\201\347\240\201\350\257\206\345\210\253\345\222\214\346\250\241\346\213\237\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.cbdae13d.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"验证码识别和模拟登录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/验证码识别和模拟登录.md","filePath":"python/crawler/验证码识别和模拟登录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/验证码识别和模拟登录.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="验证码识别和模拟登录" tabindex="-1">验证码识别和模拟登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#验证码识别和模拟登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;验证码识别和模拟登录&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="超级鹰验证码识别平台" tabindex="-1">超级鹰验证码识别平台 <a class="header-anchor" href="#超级鹰验证码识别平台" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;超级鹰验证码识别平台&quot;">​</a></h2><p>地址：<a href="https://www.chaojiying.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.chaojiying.com/</a></p><p>使用方法：</p><ol><li>注册并登陆</li><li>点击<a href="https://www.chaojiying.com/api.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">开发文档</a>，选择自己使用的语言下载使用demo，比如python</li><li>解压后得到demo实例，配置自己的用户名密码和软件id，软件id在用户中心的侧边栏最下方选择软件ID即可</li><li>根据需要识别的验证码类型配置具体类型，比如4-6位英文数字的类型编号为1902</li><li>充值，每次识别根据不同的类型有不同题分的定价，这个平台1元=1000题分</li><li>开始开发</li></ol><h2 id="超级鹰识别古诗文网验证码案例" tabindex="-1">超级鹰识别古诗文网验证码案例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#超级鹰识别古诗文网验证码案例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;超级鹰识别古诗文网验证码案例&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="识别案例代码" tabindex="-1">识别案例代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#识别案例代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;识别案例代码&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 验证码url地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://so.gushiwen.cn&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;imgCode&quot;]/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    img_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">code_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img/code.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(img_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img/code.jpp&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        im </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f.read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.post_pic(im,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1902</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 验证码url地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://so.gushiwen.cn&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;imgCode&quot;]/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    img_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">code_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img/code.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(img_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img/code.jpp&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        im </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f.read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.post_pic(im,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1902</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="超级鹰使用demo代码" tabindex="-1">超级鹰使用demo代码： <a class="header-anchor" href="#超级鹰使用demo代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;超级鹰使用demo代码：&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这里我微调了一下，把用户信息在代码里写死了，可以根据自己情况调整</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hashlib </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> md5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryClient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;超级鹰用户名&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        password </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;超级鹰密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.encode(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.password </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> md5(password).hexdigest()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.soft_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;超级鹰软件ID&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.base_params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;user&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.username,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pass2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.password,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;softid&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.soft_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Connection&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Keep-Alive&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post_pic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, im, codetype):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        im: 图片字节</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;codetype&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: codetype,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        params.update(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.base_params)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        files </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;userfile&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ccc.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, im)}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">params, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">files</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">files,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ReportError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, im_id):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        im_id:报错题目的图片ID</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: im_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        params.update(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.base_params)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">params, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient()  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    im </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).read()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1902</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1902 验证码类型  官方网站&gt;&gt;价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hashlib </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> md5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryClient</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;超级鹰用户名&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        password </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;超级鹰密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.encode(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.password </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> md5(password).hexdigest()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.soft_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;超级鹰软件ID&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.base_params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;user&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.username,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pass2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.password,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;softid&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.soft_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Connection&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Keep-Alive&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post_pic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, im, codetype):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        im: 图片字节</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;codetype&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: codetype,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        params.update(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.base_params)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        files </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;userfile&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ccc.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, im)}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">params, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">files</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">files,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ReportError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, im_id):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        im_id:报错题目的图片ID</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: im_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        params.update(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.base_params)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">params, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient()  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    im </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).read()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1902</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1902 验证码类型  官方网站&gt;&gt;价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="流程" tabindex="-1">流程： <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程：&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>请求登录页面并保存验证码图片</li><li>上传验证码图片到超级鹰并识别</li></ul><h2 id="人人网模拟登录" tabindex="-1">人人网模拟登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#人人网模拟登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;人人网模拟登录&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/SysHome.do&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session发送请求</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    session </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.session()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># page_text = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;verifyPic_login&quot;]/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code_img_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">code_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img/code.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(code_img_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 超级鹰客户端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        im </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r.read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1902</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    login_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login?1=1&amp;uniqueTimestamp=2021312240804&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;email&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;人人网用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;icode&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: code,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;origURL&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;domain&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;renren.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;key_id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;captcha_type&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;web_login&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;人人网密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rkey&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;asdfasdf&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;f&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#response = requests.post(url=login_url, headers=headers, data=data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session.post(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">login_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(response.status_code)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    login_page_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;renren.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(login_page_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    detail_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/6666666/profile&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># detail_text = requests.get(url=detail_url,headers=headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    detail_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">detail_url,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./detail.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dw:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dw.write(detail_text)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/SysHome.do&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session发送请求</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    session </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.session()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># page_text = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;verifyPic_login&quot;]/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code_img_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">code_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img/code.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(code_img_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 超级鹰客户端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        im </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r.read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1902</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    login_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login?1=1&amp;uniqueTimestamp=2021312240804&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;email&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;人人网用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;icode&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: code,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;origURL&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;domain&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;renren.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;key_id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;captcha_type&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;web_login&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;人人网密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rkey&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;asdfasdf&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;f&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#response = requests.post(url=login_url, headers=headers, data=data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session.post(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">login_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(response.status_code)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    login_page_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;renren.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(login_page_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    detail_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/6666666/profile&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># detail_text = requests.get(url=detail_url,headers=headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    detail_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">detail_url,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./detail.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dw:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dw.write(detail_text)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="流程-1" tabindex="-1">流程： <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程：&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>请求登录页，抓取验证码上传到超级鹰识别</li><li>浏览器抓包，拿到登录按钮的触发事件发送的login请求内容，复制出来并调整格式（代码中的data部分）</li><li>http是无状态的，登录后要想访问个人主页，需要携带cookie发送请求，可以手动抓包cookie到代码中，推荐使用requests.session()发送请求，然后可以继续爬取需要的个人主页详情信息</li><li>超级鹰客户端部分见上一个案例中的demo代码</li></ul>`,17),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const _=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_crawler_\351\252\214\350\257\201\347\240\201\350\257\206\345\210\253\345\222\214\346\250\241\346\213\237\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.cbdae13d.lean.js" "b/assets/python_crawler_\351\252\214\350\257\201\347\240\201\350\257\206\345\210\253\345\222\214\346\250\241\346\213\237\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.cbdae13d.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a1e5952b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_crawler_\351\252\214\350\257\201\347\240\201\350\257\206\345\210\253\345\222\214\346\250\241\346\213\237\347\231\273\345\275\225.md.cbdae13d.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"验证码识别和模拟登录","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/crawler/验证码识别和模拟登录.md","filePath":"python/crawler/验证码识别和模拟登录.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/crawler/验证码识别和模拟登录.md"},o=l("",17),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const _=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,_ as default};
diff --git a/assets/python_index.md.20612eaa.js b/assets/python_index.md.20612eaa.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa2fd13c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/python_index.md.20612eaa.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as n,c as a,k as e,a as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const x=JSON.parse('{"title":"Python","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/index.md","filePath":"python/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/index.md"},s=e("h1",{id:"python",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Python "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#python","aria-label":'Permalink to "Python"'},"​")],-1),i=e("ul",null,[e("li",null,"基础"),e("li",null,"爬虫"),e("li",null,"Web"),e("li",null,"脚本及其他")],-1),r=[s,i];function d(c,h,p,_,u,m){return n(),a("div",null,r)}const y=t(l,[["render",d]]);export{x as __pageData,y as default};
diff --git a/assets/python_index.md.20612eaa.lean.js b/assets/python_index.md.20612eaa.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa2fd13c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/python_index.md.20612eaa.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as n,c as a,k as e,a as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const x=JSON.parse('{"title":"Python","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/index.md","filePath":"python/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/index.md"},s=e("h1",{id:"python",tabindex:"-1"},[o("Python "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#python","aria-label":'Permalink to "Python"'},"​")],-1),i=e("ul",null,[e("li",null,"基础"),e("li",null,"爬虫"),e("li",null,"Web"),e("li",null,"脚本及其他")],-1),r=[s,i];function d(c,h,p,_,u,m){return n(),a("div",null,r)}const y=t(l,[["render",d]]);export{x as __pageData,y as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_others_Alfred\346\217\222\344\273\266-\345\277\253\351\200\237\344\275\277\347\224\250\347\274\226\350\276\221\345\231\250\346\211\223\345\274\200\346\214\207\345\256\232\346\226\207\344\273\266.md.1ea3e179.js" "b/assets/python_others_Alfred\346\217\222\344\273\266-\345\277\253\351\200\237\344\275\277\347\224\250\347\274\226\350\276\221\345\231\250\346\211\223\345\274\200\346\214\207\345\256\232\346\226\207\344\273\266.md.1ea3e179.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7c24890c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_others_Alfred\346\217\222\344\273\266-\345\277\253\351\200\237\344\275\277\347\224\250\347\274\226\350\276\221\345\231\250\346\211\223\345\274\200\346\214\207\345\256\232\346\226\207\344\273\266.md.1ea3e179.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件.md","filePath":"python/others/Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/others/Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件.md"},o=p(`<h1 id="alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件" tabindex="-1">Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> subprocess</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_pattern </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">^</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A-Za-z0-9_</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.,:+</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">@</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\n</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">]</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace_func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(match_obj):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\\\</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> match_obj.group(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">shell_escape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str_param):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re.sub(_pattern, replace_func, str_param)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        file_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> shell_escape(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        editor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> shell_escape(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        command </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;open -a </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">editor</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">file_path</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        subprocess.Popen(command, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">shell</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> subprocess</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_pattern </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">^</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A-Za-z0-9_</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.,:+</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">@</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\n</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">]</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace_func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(match_obj):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\\\</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> match_obj.group(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">shell_escape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str_param):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re.sub(_pattern, replace_func, str_param)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        file_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> shell_escape(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        editor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> shell_escape(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        command </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;open -a </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">editor</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">file_path</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        subprocess.Popen(command, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">shell</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>release：<a href="https://github.com/storyxc/Alfred-open-with-editor/releases/download/Alfred/Open.with.Editor.alfredworkflow" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/storyxc/Alfred-open-with-editor/releases/download/Alfred/Open.with.Editor.alfredworkflow</a></p><p>repository：<a href="https://github.com/storyxc/Alfred-open-with-editor/releases/tag/Alfred" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/storyxc/Alfred-open-with-editor/releases/tag/Alfred</a></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220221194201279.png" alt="image-20220221194201279"></p>`,5),e=[o];function t(r,c,y,E,i,_){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const h=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_others_Alfred\346\217\222\344\273\266-\345\277\253\351\200\237\344\275\277\347\224\250\347\274\226\350\276\221\345\231\250\346\211\223\345\274\200\346\214\207\345\256\232\346\226\207\344\273\266.md.1ea3e179.lean.js" "b/assets/python_others_Alfred\346\217\222\344\273\266-\345\277\253\351\200\237\344\275\277\347\224\250\347\274\226\350\276\221\345\231\250\346\211\223\345\274\200\346\214\207\345\256\232\346\226\207\344\273\266.md.1ea3e179.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c21429af
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_others_Alfred\346\217\222\344\273\266-\345\277\253\351\200\237\344\275\277\347\224\250\347\274\226\350\276\221\345\231\250\346\211\223\345\274\200\346\214\207\345\256\232\346\226\207\344\273\266.md.1ea3e179.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件.md","filePath":"python/others/Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/others/Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件.md"},o=p("",5),e=[o];function t(r,c,y,E,i,_){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const h=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_others_argparse\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2aaa47c0.js" "b/assets/python_others_argparse\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2aaa47c0.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f30af705
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_others_argparse\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2aaa47c0.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const B=JSON.parse('{"title":"argparse模块入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/argparse模块入门.md","filePath":"python/others/argparse模块入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/others/argparse模块入门.md"},o=p(`<h1 id="argparse模块入门" tabindex="-1">argparse模块入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#argparse模块入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;argparse模块入门&quot;">​</a></h1><p>学习如何使用python编写一个命令行程序。</p><h2 id="简介" tabindex="-1">简介 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简介" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简介&quot;">​</a></h2><p><a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/argparse.html#module-argparse" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>argparse</code></a> 模块可以让人轻松编写用户友好的命令行接口。程序定义它需要的参数，然后 <a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/argparse.html#module-argparse" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>argparse</code></a> 将弄清如何从 <a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/sys.html#sys.argv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>sys.argv</code></a> 解析出那些参数。 <a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/argparse.html#module-argparse" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>argparse</code></a> 模块还会自动生成帮助和使用手册，并在用户给程序传入无效参数时报出错误信息。</p><p>官方文档地址：<a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/argparse.html#upgrading-optparse-code" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/argparse.html#upgrading-optparse-code</a></p><h2 id="基础" tabindex="-1">基础 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.parse_args()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.parse_args()</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用命令行运行这个程序</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">story</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unrecognized</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">story</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">story</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unrecognized</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">story</span></span></code></pre></div><p>程序运行情况:</p><ul><li>在没有任何选项时,程序没有任何输出</li><li>argparse在我们什么逻辑代码都没有编写的情况下帮我们提供了一条帮助信息</li><li><code>--help</code>可以缩写为<code>-h</code>,是唯一一个可以直接使用的选项,指定任何没有定义的内容都会报错,但是也会给出提示</li></ul><h2 id="位置参数" tabindex="-1">位置参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#位置参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;位置参数&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;print&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args.print)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;print&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args.print)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">following</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">are</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">required:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">positional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">test</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">following</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">are</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">required:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">positional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">test</span></span></code></pre></div><p>程序运行情况:</p><ul><li>增加了<code>add_argument()</code>方法，该方法指定程序能够接受哪些命令行选项。在例子中使用了<code>print</code>作为选项名</li><li>现在调用程序必须指定一个选项</li><li>这个选项就是一个位置参数</li></ul><p><code>add_argument</code>方法还可以添加提示信息</p><p>比如修改上面的代码再次运行:</p><p><code>parser.add_argument(&#39;print&#39;,help=&#39;print the string you typed&#39;)</code></p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">positional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">you</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">typed</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">positional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#032F62;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">you</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">typed</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span></code></pre></div><p>还可以指定输入的值的类型，否则argparse会把一切输入都当作字符串</p><p><code>parser.add_argument(&#39;print&#39;,help=&#39;print the number you typed&#39;,type=int)</code></p><p>运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">print:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">invalid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;two&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">print:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">invalid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;two&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="可选参数" tabindex="-1">可选参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#可选参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;可选参数&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbosity:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;verbosity turn on&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbosity:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;verbosity turn on&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbosity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">verbosity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">turn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">on</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">--verbosity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">VERBOSITY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">increase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">output</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbosity:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">expected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">one</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbosity</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">verbosity</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">turn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">on</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">--verbosity</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">VERBOSITY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">increase</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">output</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbosity:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">expected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">one</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果：</p><ul><li><p>当指定了<code>--verbosity</code>时打印turn on，否则不打印</p></li><li><p>不添加这选项时不会报错，说明是可选参数，当一个可选参数没有被使用，对应的变量会被赋值为None，因此args.verbosity在if中被判断为逻辑假</p></li><li><p>帮助信息多了VERBOSITY</p></li><li><p>使用<code>--verbosity</code>选项时必须指定一个值，否则会报错</p></li></ul><p>修改代码：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">action</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;store_true&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;verbosity turn on&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">action</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;store_true&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;verbosity turn on&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbose</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">verbosity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">turn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">on</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [--verbose]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [--verbose]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unrecognized</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">increase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">output</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">verbosity</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbose</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">verbosity</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">turn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">on</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [--verbose]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [--verbose]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unrecognized</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">increase</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">output</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">verbosity</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果：</p><ul><li>修改之后，这一选项更多是一个标志，而不需要接收值，新增加的参数action赋值为<code>store_true</code>，意味着，当这一选项存在时，为args.verbose赋值为True，没有指定该选项时为False</li><li>当为其指定值时会报错</li><li>不同的帮助文字</li></ul><h2 id="短参数" tabindex="-1">短参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#短参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;短参数&quot;">​</a></h2><p>我们能注意到<code>-h</code>和<code>--help</code>是功能相同的，我们也可以给自定义的参数指定简短的形式</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">action</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;store_true&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-s&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--square&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;display a square of a given number&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.square </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># **运算符为计算arg1的arg2次幂</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;the square of </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(answer)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">action</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;store_true&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-s&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--square&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;display a square of a given number&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.square </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># **运算符为计算arg1的arg2次幂</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;the square of </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(answer)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [-v] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s/--square:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">expected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">one</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">square</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [-v] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s/--square:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">expected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">one</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">square</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果：</p><ul><li>必要的可选参数也要传值</li><li>根据可选参数的指定与否我们可以控制一些功能的实现</li></ul><p>修改代码：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-s&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--square&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;display a square of a given number&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.square </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># **运算符为计算arg1的arg2次幂</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbose </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;the square of </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">elif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbose </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">^2 is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(answer)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-s&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--square&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;display a square of a given number&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.square </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># **运算符为计算arg1的arg2次幂</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbose </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;the square of </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">elif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbose </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">^2 is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(answer)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">square</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2^2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">square</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2^2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4</span></span></code></pre></div><p>显然，用户指定-v的值是3是我们不愿意看见的，因此我们可以限定-v的取值范围</p><p>修改</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">choices</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">choices</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再次运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [-v {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,2}] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v/--verbose:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">invalid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">choice:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (choose </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [-v {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,2}] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,2},</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,2}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">increase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">output</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SQUARE,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--square</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SQUARE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">square</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">given</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">number</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [-v {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,2}] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v/--verbose:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">invalid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">choice:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (choose </span><span style="color:#032F62;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [-v {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,2}] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,2},</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,2}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">increase</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">output</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SQUARE,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--square</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SQUARE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">square</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">given</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">number</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="互斥参数" tabindex="-1">互斥参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#互斥参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;互斥参数&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>add_mutually_exclusive_group()</code>方法允许指定彼此冲突的选项</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">group </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">group.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;-v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--verbose&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">action</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;store_true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">group.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;-q&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--quiet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">action</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;store_true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;the base&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;the exponent&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.x</span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args.y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.quiet:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(answer)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">elif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> to the power </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> equals </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(args.x, args.y, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">^</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> == </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(args.x, args.y, answer))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">group </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">group.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;-v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--verbose&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">action</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;store_true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">group.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;-q&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--quiet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">action</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;store_true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;the base&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;the exponent&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.x</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args.y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.quiet:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(answer)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">elif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> to the power </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> equals </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(args.x, args.y, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">^</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> == </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(args.x, args.y, answer))</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4^2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">power</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-q</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [-v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> -q] x y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">calculate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">power</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">positional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">base</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exponent</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-v,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbose</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-q,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--quiet</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4^2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">power</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-q</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [-v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> -q] x y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">calculate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">power</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">positional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">base</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exponent</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-v,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbose</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-q,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--quiet</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果:</p><ul><li><p>根据指定-v还是-q，可以得到不同输出，实现不同功能</p></li><li><p>usage: main.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y中[-v|-q]代表可选其一，而不是使用两者</p><p>如果同时使用会报错：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-q</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [-v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> -q] x y</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-q/--quiet:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">allowed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v/--verbose</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-q</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [-v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> -q] x y</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-q/--quiet:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">allowed</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v/--verbose</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul>`,60),e=[o];function r(t,c,y,E,F,i){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const h=s(l,[["render",r]]);export{B as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_others_argparse\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2aaa47c0.lean.js" "b/assets/python_others_argparse\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2aaa47c0.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96d2208f9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_others_argparse\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.2aaa47c0.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const B=JSON.parse('{"title":"argparse模块入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/argparse模块入门.md","filePath":"python/others/argparse模块入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/others/argparse模块入门.md"},o=p("",60),e=[o];function r(t,c,y,E,F,i){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const h=s(l,[["render",r]]);export{B as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git a/assets/python_others_youtube-upload.md.aa4a8c45.js b/assets/python_others_youtube-upload.md.aa4a8c45.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef26044d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/python_others_youtube-upload.md.aa4a8c45.js
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"youtube-upload","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/youtube-upload.md","filePath":"python/others/youtube-upload.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/others/youtube-upload.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="youtube-upload" tabindex="-1">youtube-upload <a class="header-anchor" href="#youtube-upload" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;youtube-upload&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="instructions" tabindex="-1">instructions <a class="header-anchor" href="#instructions" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;instructions&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li><p>安装<code>google-api-python-client</code>包，github仓库：<code>https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-python-client</code></p></li><li><p>安装<code>oauth2client</code>包，github仓库：<code>https://github.com/googleapis/oauth2client</code></p></li><li><p>google cloud创建应用</p><ol><li>在api库中搜索<code>youtube data api v3</code>并启用</li><li>在OAuth consent screen中创建一个应用，选择desktop app，把自己的邮箱添加到test user</li><li>在凭据Credentials中创建OAuth 2.0客户端id，把客户端id，客户端密钥替换到下面这个json中，并保存到项目下的<code>client_secrets.json中</code>(要和上传的python脚本文件在相同目录)</li></ol><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;web&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;client_id&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[[INSERT CLIENT ID HERE]]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;client_secret&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[[INSERT CLIENT SECRET HERE]]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;redirect_uris&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;auth_uri&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;token_uri&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;web&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;client_id&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[[INSERT CLIENT ID HERE]]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;client_secret&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[[INSERT CLIENT SECRET HERE]]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;redirect_uris&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;auth_uri&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;token_uri&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ol><h2 id="sample-request" tabindex="-1">sample request <a class="header-anchor" href="#sample-request" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;sample request&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">python3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">upload_video.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--file=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/tmp/test_video_file.flv&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       --title</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Summer vacation in California&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       --description</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Had fun surfing in Santa Cruz&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       --keywords</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;surfing,Santa Cruz&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       --category</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;22&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       --privacyStatus</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;private&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">python3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">upload_video.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--file=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/tmp/test_video_file.flv&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                       --title</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Summer vacation in California&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                       --description</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Had fun surfing in Santa Cruz&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                       --keywords</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;surfing,Santa Cruz&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                       --category</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;22&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                       --privacyStatus</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;private&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="sample-code" tabindex="-1">sample code <a class="header-anchor" href="#sample-code" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;sample code&quot;">​</a></h2><p>代码源自<a href="https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/guides/uploading_a_video" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">YouTube Data API</a>，给的例子比较老旧，是python2的代码，还有没法用的httplib包，下面代码针对这些做了删改调整可以直接使用。</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/usr/bin/python</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> httplib2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> apiclient.discovery </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> apiclient.errors </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HttpError</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> apiclient.http </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MediaFileUpload</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oauth2client.client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> flow_from_clientsecrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oauth2client.file </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Storage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oauth2client.tools </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparser, run_flow</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Explicitly tell the underlying HTTP transport library not to retry, since</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># we are handling retry logic ourselves.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">httplib2.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RETRIES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Maximum number of times to retry before giving up.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MAX_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Always retry when these exceptions are raised.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RETRIABLE_EXCEPTIONS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (httplib2.HttpLib2Error, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">IOError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Always retry when an apiclient.errors.HttpError with one of these status</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># codes is raised.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">502</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">503</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">504</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE variable specifies the name of a file that contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># the OAuth 2.0 information for this application, including its client_id and</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># client_secret. You can acquire an OAuth 2.0 client ID and client secret from</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># the Google API Console at</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://console.developers.google.com/.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Please ensure that you have enabled the YouTube Data API for your project.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># For more information about using OAuth2 to access the YouTube Data API, see:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/guides/authentication</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># For more information about the client_secrets.json file format, see:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/guide/aaa_client_secrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;client_secrets.json&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This OAuth 2.0 access scope allows an application to upload files to the</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># authenticated user&#39;s YouTube channel, but doesn&#39;t allow other types of access.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_UPLOAD_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.googleapis.com/auth/youtube.upload&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_API_SERVICE_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;youtube&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_API_VERSION</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;v3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This variable defines a message to display if the CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE is</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># missing.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MISSING_CLIENT_SECRETS_MESSAGE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WARNING: Please configure OAuth 2.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">To make this sample run you will need to populate the client_secrets.json file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">found at:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">with information from the API Console</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://console.developers.google.com/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">For more information about the client_secrets.json file format, please visit:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/guide/aaa_client_secrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__file__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;public&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;private&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;unlisted&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_authenticated_service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  flow </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> flow_from_clientsecrets(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">scope</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_UPLOAD_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MISSING_CLIENT_SECRETS_MESSAGE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  storage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Storage(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">-oauth2.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  credentials </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> storage.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> credentials </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">or</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> credentials.invalid:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    credentials </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> run_flow(flow, storage, args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> build(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_API_SERVICE_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_API_VERSION</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">http</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http()))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initialize_upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(youtube, options):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  tags </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> options.keywords:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tags </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> options.keywords.split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">snippet</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">title</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">options.title,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">description</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">options.description,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tags</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tags,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">categoryId</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">options.category</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">status</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">privacyStatus</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">options.privacyStatus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Call the API&#39;s videos.insert method to create and upload the video.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  insert_request </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> youtube.videos().insert(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">part</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(body.keys()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">body,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The chunksize parameter specifies the size of each chunk of data, in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># bytes, that will be uploaded at a time. Set a higher value for</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># reliable connections as fewer chunks lead to faster uploads. Set a lower</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># value for better recovery on less reliable connections.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Setting &quot;chunksize&quot; equal to -1 in the code below means that the entire</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># file will be uploaded in a single HTTP request. (If the upload fails,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># it will still be retried where it left off.) This is usually a best</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># practice, but if you&#39;re using Python older than 2.6 or if you&#39;re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># running on App Engine, you should set the chunksize to something like</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1024 * 1024 (1 megabyte).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">media_body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">MediaFileUpload(options.file, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">chunksize</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resumable</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  resumable_upload(insert_request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This method implements an exponential backoff strategy to resume a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># failed upload.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resumable_upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(insert_request):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  retry </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Uploading file...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      status, response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> insert_request.next_chunk()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video id &#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; was successfully uploaded.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;The upload failed with an unexpected response: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HttpError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.resp.status </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;A retriable HTTP error </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> occurred:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.resp.status,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                             e.content)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">raise</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RETRIABLE_EXCEPTIONS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;A retriable error occurred: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(error)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      retry </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> retry </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MAX_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;No longer attempting to retry.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      max_sleep </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> retry</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      sleep_seconds </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> random.random() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> max_sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Sleeping </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds and then retrying...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep_seconds)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      time.sleep(sleep_seconds)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--file&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">required</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video file to upload&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">default</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Test Title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--description&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video description&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">default</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Test Description&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--category&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">default</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;22&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Numeric video category. &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;See https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/docs/videoCategories/list&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--keywords&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video keywords, comma separated&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">default</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--privacyStatus&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">choices</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">default</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video privacy status.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(args.file):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Please specify a valid file using the --file= parameter.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  youtube </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> get_authenticated_service(args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    initialize_upload(youtube, args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HttpError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;An HTTP error </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> occurred:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.resp.status, e.content))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/usr/bin/python</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> httplib2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> apiclient.discovery </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> apiclient.errors </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HttpError</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> apiclient.http </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MediaFileUpload</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oauth2client.client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> flow_from_clientsecrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oauth2client.file </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Storage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oauth2client.tools </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparser, run_flow</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Explicitly tell the underlying HTTP transport library not to retry, since</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># we are handling retry logic ourselves.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">httplib2.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RETRIES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Maximum number of times to retry before giving up.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">MAX_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Always retry when these exceptions are raised.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">RETRIABLE_EXCEPTIONS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (httplib2.HttpLib2Error, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">IOError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Always retry when an apiclient.errors.HttpError with one of these status</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># codes is raised.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">502</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">503</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">504</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE variable specifies the name of a file that contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># the OAuth 2.0 information for this application, including its client_id and</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># client_secret. You can acquire an OAuth 2.0 client ID and client secret from</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># the Google API Console at</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://console.developers.google.com/.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Please ensure that you have enabled the YouTube Data API for your project.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># For more information about using OAuth2 to access the YouTube Data API, see:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/guides/authentication</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># For more information about the client_secrets.json file format, see:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/guide/aaa_client_secrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;client_secrets.json&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This OAuth 2.0 access scope allows an application to upload files to the</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># authenticated user&#39;s YouTube channel, but doesn&#39;t allow other types of access.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_UPLOAD_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.googleapis.com/auth/youtube.upload&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_API_SERVICE_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;youtube&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_API_VERSION</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;v3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This variable defines a message to display if the CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE is</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># missing.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">MISSING_CLIENT_SECRETS_MESSAGE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">WARNING: Please configure OAuth 2.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">To make this sample run you will need to populate the client_secrets.json file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">found at:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">with information from the API Console</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">https://console.developers.google.com/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">For more information about the client_secrets.json file format, please visit:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/guide/aaa_client_secrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__file__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;public&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;private&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;unlisted&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_authenticated_service</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  flow </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> flow_from_clientsecrets(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">scope</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_UPLOAD_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MISSING_CLIENT_SECRETS_MESSAGE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  storage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Storage(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">-oauth2.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  credentials </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> storage.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> credentials </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">or</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> credentials.invalid:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    credentials </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> run_flow(flow, storage, args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> build(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_API_SERVICE_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_API_VERSION</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">http</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http()))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initialize_upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(youtube, options):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  tags </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> options.keywords:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tags </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> options.keywords.split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">snippet</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#E36209;">title</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">options.title,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#E36209;">description</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">options.description,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tags</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">tags,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#E36209;">categoryId</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">options.category</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">status</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#E36209;">privacyStatus</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">options.privacyStatus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Call the API&#39;s videos.insert method to create and upload the video.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  insert_request </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> youtube.videos().insert(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">part</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(body.keys()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">body,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The chunksize parameter specifies the size of each chunk of data, in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># bytes, that will be uploaded at a time. Set a higher value for</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># reliable connections as fewer chunks lead to faster uploads. Set a lower</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># value for better recovery on less reliable connections.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Setting &quot;chunksize&quot; equal to -1 in the code below means that the entire</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># file will be uploaded in a single HTTP request. (If the upload fails,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># it will still be retried where it left off.) This is usually a best</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># practice, but if you&#39;re using Python older than 2.6 or if you&#39;re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># running on App Engine, you should set the chunksize to something like</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1024 * 1024 (1 megabyte).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">media_body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">MediaFileUpload(options.file, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">chunksize</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">resumable</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  resumable_upload(insert_request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This method implements an exponential backoff strategy to resume a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># failed upload.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resumable_upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(insert_request):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  retry </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Uploading file...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      status, response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> insert_request.next_chunk()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video id &#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; was successfully uploaded.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;The upload failed with an unexpected response: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HttpError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.resp.status </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;A retriable HTTP error </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> occurred:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.resp.status,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                             e.content)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">raise</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RETRIABLE_EXCEPTIONS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;A retriable error occurred: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(error)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      retry </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> retry </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MAX_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;No longer attempting to retry.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      max_sleep </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> retry</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      sleep_seconds </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> random.random() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> max_sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Sleeping </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%f</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds and then retrying...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep_seconds)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      time.sleep(sleep_seconds)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--file&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">required</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video file to upload&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">default</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Test Title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--description&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video description&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">default</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Test Description&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--category&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">default</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;22&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Numeric video category. &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;See https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/docs/videoCategories/list&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--keywords&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video keywords, comma separated&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">default</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--privacyStatus&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">choices</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">default</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video privacy status.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(args.file):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Please specify a valid file using the --file= parameter.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  youtube </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> get_authenticated_service(args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    initialize_upload(youtube, args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HttpError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;An HTTP error </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> occurred:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.resp.status, e.content))</span></span></code></pre></div>`,8),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,u){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const A=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,A as default};
diff --git a/assets/python_others_youtube-upload.md.aa4a8c45.lean.js b/assets/python_others_youtube-upload.md.aa4a8c45.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69f1e5103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/python_others_youtube-upload.md.aa4a8c45.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"youtube-upload","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/youtube-upload.md","filePath":"python/others/youtube-upload.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/others/youtube-upload.md"},o=l("",8),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,u){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const A=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,A as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_others_\344\275\277\347\224\250pandas\346\250\241\345\235\227\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.ccbebd71.js" "b/assets/python_others_\344\275\277\347\224\250pandas\346\250\241\345\235\227\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.ccbebd71.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24d3b8194
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_others_\344\275\277\347\224\250pandas\346\250\241\345\235\227\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.ccbebd71.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import{_ as a,o as s,c as l,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const E=JSON.parse('{"title":"使用pandas模块进行数据处理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/使用pandas模块进行数据处理.md","filePath":"python/others/使用pandas模块进行数据处理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"python/others/使用pandas模块进行数据处理.md"},p=e(`<h1 id="使用pandas模块进行数据处理" tabindex="-1">使用pandas模块进行数据处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用pandas模块进行数据处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用pandas模块进行数据处理&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>以csv/txt文件为例</p></blockquote><h2 id="读取文件" tabindex="-1">读取文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#读取文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;读取文件&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>pd.read_csv()</code>：返回一个DataFrame或TextFileReader</p><ul><li><p>header指定具体表头行数,如果没有则header=None，第一行是表头则header=0,header还可以是一个列表例如header=[0,1,3],此时会有多个标题，且1和3之间的行会被忽略掉</p></li><li><p>seq指定分割符，默认为&#39;,&#39;</p></li><li><p>skiprows跳过某一行，行号从0开始，例如skiprows=2或skiprows=[0,1,200]</p></li><li><p>nrows指定需要读取的行数，从第一行开始,例如nrows=1000</p></li><li><p>na_values空值置换,会把指定的值替换为空值例如na_values=[&#39;\\N&#39;, 15]会把字符串\\N和数字15替换为空值NaN</p><ul><li>如果na_values的参数是一个字典，那就可以为具体的列来指定缺失值的样子。我们就可以指定在Age这一列，0要被看成缺失值；在Comment这一列，“该用户没有评价”被看成缺失值。<code>na_values={&#39;Age&#39;:0,&#39;Comment&#39;:&#39;该用户没有评价&#39;}</code></li></ul></li><li><p>iterator: True时返回一个TextFileReader，用于大文件处理，可以逐块处理文件</p></li><li><p>chunksize：指定文件块大小，返回一个TextFileReader</p></li><li><p>encoding：指定编码</p></li><li><p>index_col：读取时指定索引列，和df.set_index效果相同</p></li><li><p>names：文件中没有表头，手动指定表头，需要和header配合使用</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>names和header的使用场景主要如下：</p><ol><li>csv文件有表头并且是第一行，那么names和header都无需指定;</li><li>csv文件有表头、但表头不是第一行，可能从下面几行开始才是真正的表头和数据，这个时候指定header即可;</li><li>csv文件没有表头，全部是纯数据，那么我们可以通过names手动生成表头;</li><li>csv文件有表头、但是这个表头你不想用，这个时候同时指定names和header。先用header选出表头和数据，然后再用names将表头替换掉，其实就等价于将数据读取进来之后再对列名进行rename;</li></ol></blockquote><h2 id="数据相关概念" tabindex="-1">数据相关概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据相关概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据相关概念&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="dataframe" tabindex="-1">DataFrame <a class="header-anchor" href="#dataframe" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DataFrame&quot;">​</a></h3><p>多行多列的二维数组、整个表格、多行多列</p><h3 id="series" tabindex="-1">Series <a class="header-anchor" href="#series" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Series&quot;">​</a></h3><p>一维数据、一行或一列</p><h3 id="index" tabindex="-1">index <a class="header-anchor" href="#index" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;index&quot;">​</a></h3><p>对应纵向上的行</p><blockquote><p>替换索引为某一列的值：df.set_index(&#39;xxx&#39;, inplace=True)</p></blockquote><h3 id="columns" tabindex="-1">columns <a class="header-anchor" href="#columns" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;columns&quot;">​</a></h3><p>对应横向上的列</p><h2 id="查询数据" tabindex="-1">查询数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查询数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查询数据&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="几种方法" tabindex="-1">几种方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#几种方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;几种方法&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>df.loc，根据行、列的标签值查询（既能查询又能覆盖写入）</p><ul><li><p>行根据行标签，也就是索引筛选，列根据列标签，列名筛选</p></li><li><p>如果选取的是所有行或者所有列，可以用：代替</p></li><li><p>行标签选取的时候，两端都包含，比如[0:5]指的是0，1，2，3，4，5</p></li></ul></li><li><p>df.iloc，根据行、列的数字位置查询</p><ul><li><p>iloc基于位置索引，简言之，就是第几行第几列，只不过这里的<strong>行列都是从0开始</strong>的。</p></li><li><p>iloc的0：X中不包括X，只能到X-1.</p></li></ul></li><li><p>df.where</p></li><li><p>df.query</p></li></ol><h3 id="df-loc" tabindex="-1">df.loc <a class="header-anchor" href="#df-loc" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;df.loc&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>使用单个label值查询</p><ul><li><p>查找并替换某一列的值&amp;转换数据类型：df.loc[:, &#39;x&#39;] = df[&#39;x&#39;].str.replace(&#39;X&#39;,&#39;&#39;).astype(&#39;int32&#39;)</p></li><li><p>查询单个值：df.loc[&#39;index&#39;, &#39;column&#39;]</p></li><li><p>得到一个Series：df.loc[&#39;index&#39;, [&#39;column1&#39;, &#39;column2&#39;]]</p></li></ul></li><li><p>使用值列表批量查询</p><ul><li>得到一个Series：df.loc([&#39;index1&#39;, &#39;index2&#39;, &#39;index3&#39;], &#39;column1&#39;)</li><li>得到DataFrame：df.loc([&#39;index1&#39;, &#39;index2&#39;, &#39;index3&#39;], [&#39;column1&#39;, &#39;column2&#39;])</li></ul></li><li><p>使用数值区间进行范围查询（包含区间的开始和结尾）</p><ul><li>行index按区间：df.loc[1:2, &#39;colum1&#39;]</li><li>列index按区间：df.loc[1, &#39;column1&#39;: &#39;column2&#39;]</li><li>行列都按区间：df.loc[1:2, &#39;column1&#39;: &#39;column2&#39;]</li></ul></li><li><p>使用条件表达式查询</p><ul><li>简单条件查询，年龄小于18：df.loc[df[&#39;age&#39;] &lt; 18, :]</li><li>复杂条件查询，年龄小于18且姓名为张三：df.loc[(df[&#39;age&#39;] &lt; 18) &amp; (df[&#39;name&#39;] == &#39;张三&#39;), :]</li></ul></li><li><p>调用函数查询</p><ul><li><p>lambda表达式：df.loc[lambda df: df[&#39;age&#39;] &gt; 18, :]</p></li><li><p>调用函数：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">query_adult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> df[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">df.loc[query_adult, :]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">query_adult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> df[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">df.loc[query_adult, :]</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="新增数据列" tabindex="-1">新增数据列 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新增数据列" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新增数据列&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="几种方法-1" tabindex="-1">几种方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#几种方法-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;几种方法&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>直接赋值</p><ul><li>df.loc[:, &#39;newAge&#39;] = df[&#39;age&#39;] + 1</li></ul></li><li><p>df.apply</p><ul><li><p>apply赋值 基于 0-&#39;index&#39; 1-&#39;columns&#39; 操作跨行/跨列</p></li><li><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_is_adult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;成年&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;未成年&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">df.loc[:, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;isAdult&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> df.apply(get_is_adult, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">axis</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_is_adult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;成年&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;未成年&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">df.loc[:, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;isAdult&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> df.apply(get_is_adult, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">axis</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>df.assign</p><ul><li>assign添加一列：返回一个新的DataFrame，存在的列会被覆盖，如果参数是callable只能直接操作DataFrame，如果不是callable则直接赋值</li><li>df = df.assign(newAge=lambda x: x[&#39;age&#39;] + 1)</li></ul></li><li><p>按条件选择分组并分别赋值</p><ul><li>df.loc[df[&#39;highTemp&#39;] - df[&#39;lowTemp&#39;] &gt; 10, &#39;tempDiff&#39;] = &#39;温差大&#39;</li><li>df.loc[df[&#39;highTemp&#39;] - df[&#39;lowTemp&#39;] &lt;= 10, &#39;tempDiff&#39;] = &#39;温差小&#39;</li></ul><blockquote><p>按字段分组查看数量： df[&#39;tempDiff&#39;].value_counts()</p></blockquote></li></ol><h2 id="数据合并" tabindex="-1">数据合并 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据合并" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据合并&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">df_list = [df]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">df2 = pd.concat(df_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">if not os.path.exists(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    df2.to_csv(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;, mode=&#39;a&#39;, index=False, header=True)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">else:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    df2.to_csv(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;, mode=&#39;a&#39;, index=False, header=False)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">df_list = [df]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">df2 = pd.concat(df_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">if not os.path.exists(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    df2.to_csv(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;, mode=&#39;a&#39;, index=False, header=True)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">else:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    df2.to_csv(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;, mode=&#39;a&#39;, index=False, header=False)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="axis参数" tabindex="-1">axis参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#axis参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;axis参数&quot;">​</a></h2><p>pandas的axis参数：指的是跨该axis，例如指定columns 则是跨列，也就是沿着列名水平方向执行</p><ul><li><p>跨列操作：在横向上遍历每行，对每行的数据进行操作</p></li><li><p>跨行操作：在水平方向遍历每列，对每列数据进行操作</p></li></ul>`,29),o=[p];function t(i,c,r,d,u,y){return s(),l("div",null,o)}const f=a(n,[["render",t]]);export{E as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_others_\344\275\277\347\224\250pandas\346\250\241\345\235\227\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.ccbebd71.lean.js" "b/assets/python_others_\344\275\277\347\224\250pandas\346\250\241\345\235\227\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.ccbebd71.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc1c11d7e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_others_\344\275\277\347\224\250pandas\346\250\241\345\235\227\350\277\233\350\241\214\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.ccbebd71.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as s,c as l,Q as e}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const E=JSON.parse('{"title":"使用pandas模块进行数据处理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/使用pandas模块进行数据处理.md","filePath":"python/others/使用pandas模块进行数据处理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"python/others/使用pandas模块进行数据处理.md"},p=e("",29),o=[p];function t(i,c,r,d,u,y){return s(),l("div",null,o)}const f=a(n,[["render",t]]);export{E as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_others_\345\210\207\346\215\242windows\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\256\276\347\275\256\345\274\200\345\205\263.md.f7ba505c.js" "b/assets/python_others_\345\210\207\346\215\242windows\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\256\276\347\275\256\345\274\200\345\205\263.md.f7ba505c.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b1d432b9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_others_\345\210\207\346\215\242windows\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\256\276\347\275\256\345\274\200\345\205\263.md.f7ba505c.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"切换windows代理设置开关","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/切换windows代理设置开关.md","filePath":"python/others/切换windows代理设置开关.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/others/切换windows代理设置开关.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="切换windows代理设置开关" tabindex="-1">切换windows代理设置开关 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切换windows代理设置开关" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切换windows代理设置开关&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> winreg</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> winreg.OpenKey(winreg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">Software</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\M</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">icrosoft</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\W</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">indows</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\C</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">urrentVersion</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\\I</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">nternet Settings</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, winreg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">KEY_ALL_ACCESS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ProxyEnable&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toggle_proxy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    _, reg_type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> get_key()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    winreg.SetValueEx(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, name, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, reg_type, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> winreg.QueryValueEx(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">toggle_proxy()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> winreg</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> winreg.OpenKey(winreg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Software</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\M</span><span style="color:#032F62;">icrosoft</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\W</span><span style="color:#032F62;">indows</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\C</span><span style="color:#032F62;">urrentVersion</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\\I</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nternet Settings&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, winreg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">KEY_ALL_ACCESS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ProxyEnable&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toggle_proxy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    _, reg_type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> get_key()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    winreg.SetValueEx(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, name, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, reg_type, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> winreg.QueryValueEx(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">toggle_proxy()</span></span></code></pre></div><p><a href="https://github.com/storyxc/toggle_proxy/releases/download/windows/toggle_proxy.exe" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">windows下可执行文件下载点我</a></p>`,3),e=[o];function t(r,c,E,y,i,_){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const g=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_others_\345\210\207\346\215\242windows\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\256\276\347\275\256\345\274\200\345\205\263.md.f7ba505c.lean.js" "b/assets/python_others_\345\210\207\346\215\242windows\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\256\276\347\275\256\345\274\200\345\205\263.md.f7ba505c.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d958d9c7c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_others_\345\210\207\346\215\242windows\344\273\243\347\220\206\350\256\276\347\275\256\345\274\200\345\205\263.md.f7ba505c.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"切换windows代理设置开关","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/切换windows代理设置开关.md","filePath":"python/others/切换windows代理设置开关.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/others/切换windows代理设置开关.md"},o=l("",3),e=[o];function t(r,c,E,y,i,_){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const g=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{d as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_others_\350\257\273\345\217\226excel_ssh\351\200\232\351\201\223\350\277\236\346\216\245rds\346\233\264\346\226\260\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.3b7e4ea5.js" "b/assets/python_others_\350\257\273\345\217\226excel_ssh\351\200\232\351\201\223\350\277\236\346\216\245rds\346\233\264\346\226\260\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.3b7e4ea5.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87319ee19
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_others_\350\257\273\345\217\226excel_ssh\351\200\232\351\201\223\350\277\236\346\216\245rds\346\233\264\346\226\260\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.3b7e4ea5.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"读取excel & 使用ssh通道连接rds更新数据","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据.md","filePath":"python/others/读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/others/读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="读取excel-使用ssh通道连接rds更新数据" tabindex="-1">读取excel &amp; 使用ssh通道连接rds更新数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#读取excel-使用ssh通道连接rds更新数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;读取excel &amp; 使用ssh通道连接rds更新数据&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sshtunnel </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SSHTunnelForwarder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.cursors</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xlrd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySQL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ssh_config, db_config, sql):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SSHTunnelForwarder(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            (ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ssh_password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ssh_username</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">remote_bind_address</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(db_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], db_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> server:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        db </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">server.local_bind_port,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">passwd</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">db</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;db_name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">charset</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">cursorclass</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> db.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cursor.fetchone()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            db.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            db.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        db.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cursor.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ExcelData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, data_path, sheetname):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data_path  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># excle表格路径，需传入绝对路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.sheetname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetname  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># excle表格内sheet名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xlrd.open_workbook(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data_path)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 打开excel表格</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.table </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data.sheet_by_name(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.sheetname)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 切换到相应sheet</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.keys </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.table.row_values(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第一行作为key值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rowNum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.table.nrows  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取表格行数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.colNum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.table.ncols  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取表格列数</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readExcel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rowNum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;excle内数据行数小于2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            L </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表L存放取出的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rowNum):  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 从第二行（数据行）开始取数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheet_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个字典用来存放对应数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> j </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.colNum):  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># j对应列值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    sheet_data[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.keys[j]] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.table.row_values(i)[j]  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 把第i行第j列的值取出赋给第j列的键值，构成字典</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                L.append(sheet_data)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 一行值取完之后（一个字典），追加到L列表中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(type(L))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> L</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 远程登录配置信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ssh_config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">22</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 数据库配置信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    db_config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;db_name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    sheetname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    get_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ExcelData(path, sheetname)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    dataList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> get_data.readExcel()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    process_result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./res.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查询语句</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sql </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查询</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> querySQL(ssh_config, db_config, sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                update_sql </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                f.write(update_sql </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;... 处理失败&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                process_result.append(error)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(process_result)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sshtunnel </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SSHTunnelForwarder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.cursors</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xlrd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySQL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ssh_config, db_config, sql):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SSHTunnelForwarder(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            (ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ssh_password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ssh_username</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">remote_bind_address</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(db_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], db_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> server:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        db </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">server.local_bind_port,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">passwd</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">db</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;db_name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">charset</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">cursorclass</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> db.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cursor.fetchone()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            db.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            db.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        db.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cursor.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ExcelData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, data_path, sheetname):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data_path  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># excle表格路径，需传入绝对路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.sheetname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetname  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># excle表格内sheet名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xlrd.open_workbook(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data_path)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 打开excel表格</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.table </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data.sheet_by_name(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.sheetname)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 切换到相应sheet</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.keys </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.table.row_values(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第一行作为key值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rowNum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.table.nrows  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取表格行数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.colNum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.table.ncols  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取表格列数</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readExcel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rowNum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;excle内数据行数小于2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            L </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表L存放取出的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rowNum):  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 从第二行（数据行）开始取数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheet_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个字典用来存放对应数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> j </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.colNum):  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># j对应列值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    sheet_data[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.keys[j]] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.table.row_values(i)[j]  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 把第i行第j列的值取出赋给第j列的键值，构成字典</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                L.append(sheet_data)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 一行值取完之后（一个字典），追加到L列表中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(type(L))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> L</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 远程登录配置信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ssh_config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">22</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 数据库配置信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    db_config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;db_name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    sheetname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    get_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ExcelData(path, sheetname)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    dataList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> get_data.readExcel()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    process_result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./res.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查询语句</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sql </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查询</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> querySQL(ssh_config, db_config, sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                update_sql </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                f.write(update_sql </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;... 处理失败&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                process_result.append(error)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(process_result)</span></span></code></pre></div>`,2),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const A=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{_ as __pageData,A as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_others_\350\257\273\345\217\226excel_ssh\351\200\232\351\201\223\350\277\236\346\216\245rds\346\233\264\346\226\260\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.3b7e4ea5.lean.js" "b/assets/python_others_\350\257\273\345\217\226excel_ssh\351\200\232\351\201\223\350\277\236\346\216\245rds\346\233\264\346\226\260\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.3b7e4ea5.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..627949e66
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_others_\350\257\273\345\217\226excel_ssh\351\200\232\351\201\223\350\277\236\346\216\245rds\346\233\264\346\226\260\346\225\260\346\215\256.md.3b7e4ea5.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"读取excel & 使用ssh通道连接rds更新数据","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/others/读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据.md","filePath":"python/others/读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/others/读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据.md"},o=l("",2),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const A=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{_ as __pageData,A as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_web_Django\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.5b55bd9a.js" "b/assets/python_web_Django\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.5b55bd9a.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afd35f955
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_web_Django\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.5b55bd9a.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Django入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/web/Django入门.md","filePath":"python/web/Django入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/web/Django入门.md"},o=p(`<h1 id="django入门" tabindex="-1">Django入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#django入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Django入门&quot;">​</a></h1><p>Django 是一个由 Python 编写的一个开放源代码的 Web 应用框架。</p><p>使用 Django，只要很少的代码，Python 的程序开发人员就可以轻松地完成一个正式网站所需要的大部分内容，并进一步开发出全功能的 Web 服务 Django 本身基于 MVC 模型，即 Model（模型）+ View（视图）+ Controller（控制器）设计模式，MVC 模式使后续对程序的修改和扩展简化，并且使程序某一部分的重复利用成为可能。</p><p>MVC 优势：</p><ul><li>低耦合</li><li>开发快捷</li><li>部署方便</li><li>可重用性高</li><li>维护成本低</li></ul><h2 id="mtv模型" tabindex="-1">MTV模型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mtv模型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MTV模型&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Django 采用了 MVT 的软件设计模式，即模型（Model），视图（View）和模板（Template）。</p><p>Django 的 MTV 模式本质上和 MVC 是一样的，也是为了各组件间保持松耦合关系，只是定义上有些许不同，Django 的 MTV 分别是指：</p><ul><li>M 表示模型（Model）：编写程序应有的功能，负责业务对象与数据库的映射(ORM)。</li><li>T 表示模板 (Template)：负责如何把页面(html)展示给用户。</li><li>V 表示视图（View）：负责业务逻辑，并在适当时候调用 Model和 Template。</li></ul><p>除了以上三层之外，还需要一个 URL 分发器，它的作用是将一个个 URL 的页面请求分发给不同的 View 处理，View 再调用相应的 Model 和 Template，MTV 的响应模式如下所示：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//MTV-Diagram.png" alt="img"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//1589777036-2760-fs1oSv4dOWAwC5yW.png" alt="img"></p><p><strong>解析：</strong></p><p>用户通过浏览器向我们的服务器发起一个请求(request)，这个请求会去访问视图函数：</p><ul><li>a.如果不涉及到数据调用，那么这个时候视图函数直接返回一个模板也就是一个网页给用户。</li><li>b.如果涉及到数据调用，那么视图函数调用模型，模型去数据库查找数据，然后逐级返回。</li></ul><p>视图函数把返回的数据填充到模板中空格中，最后返回网页给用户。</p><h2 id="django安装与使用" tabindex="-1">Django安装与使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#django安装与使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Django安装与使用&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>安装：<code>pip install Django</code></p></li><li><p>创建Django项目：</p><ul><li>命令行创建<code>django-admin startproject 项目名称</code></li><li>pycharm创建</li></ul></li><li><p>项目结构</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210430001401906.png" alt="image-20210430001401906"></p><ul><li>settings.py —- 包含了项目的默认设置，包括数据库信息，调试标志以及其他一些工作的变量。</li><li>urls.py —– 负责把URL模式映射到应用程序。</li><li>manage.py —– Django项目里面的工具，通过它可以调用django shell和数据库等。</li><li>asgi.py: 一个 ASGI 兼容的 Web 服务器的入口，以便运行你的项目。</li><li>wsgi.py: 一个 WSGI 兼容的 Web 服务器的入口，以便运行你的项目。</li></ul></li><li><p>启动：<code>python manage.py runserver 8001</code></p><ul><li>访问localhost:8001</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210430001707060.png" alt="image-20210430001707060"></p></li></ul><h2 id="路由控制" tabindex="-1">路由控制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#路由控制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;路由控制&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># django的1.x和2.x不同</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1.x ： url(正则表达式，views视图函数，参数，别名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 2.x : path,re_path(原来的url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> django.contrib </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> admin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> django.urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> path</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">urlpatterns </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;admin/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, admin.site.urls),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># django的1.x和2.x不同</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1.x ： url(正则表达式，views视图函数，参数，别名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 2.x : path,re_path(原来的url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> django.contrib </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> admin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> django.urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> path</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">urlpatterns </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;admin/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, admin.site.urls),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="示例" tabindex="-1">示例： <a class="header-anchor" href="#示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;示例：&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> django.contrib </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> admin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> django.urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> storyxc.views </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">urlpatterns </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;admin/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, admin.site.urls),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,index,{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;param&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> django.contrib </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> admin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> django.urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> storyxc.views </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">urlpatterns </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;admin/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, admin.site.urls),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,index,{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;param&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="views-py" tabindex="-1">views.py: <a class="header-anchor" href="#views-py" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;views.py:&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> django.shortcuts </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HttpResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request,param):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(param)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HttpResponse(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ok&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> django.shortcuts </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HttpResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">index</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request,param):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(param)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HttpResponse(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ok&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>启动应用后访问localhost:8000</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210430003356198.png" alt="image-20210430003356198"></p><p>控制台：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Apr</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2021</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">00</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">31</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">21</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;GET / HTTP/1.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">story</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Apr</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2021</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">00</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">31</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">21</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;GET / HTTP/1.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">story</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="创建app" tabindex="-1">创建app <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建app" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建app&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>python3 manage.py startapp demo</code></p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">djangoProject</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">demo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">admin.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apps.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">migrations</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">models.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tests.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">views.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">djangoProject</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">__pycache__</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">__init__.cpython-311.pyc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">settings.cpython-311.pyc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">asgi.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">settings.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">urls.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">wsgi.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">manage.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">templates</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">djangoProject</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">demo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">admin.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apps.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">migrations</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">models.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tests.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">views.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">djangoProject</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">__pycache__</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">__init__.cpython-311.pyc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">settings.cpython-311.pyc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">asgi.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">settings.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">urls.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">wsgi.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">manage.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">templates</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="注册app" tabindex="-1">注册app <a class="header-anchor" href="#注册app" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注册app&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># djangoProject/settings.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Application definition</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">INSTALLED_APPS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.admin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.auth&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.contenttypes&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.sessions&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.messages&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.staticfiles&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新增注册app</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;demo.apps.DemoConfig&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 可以配置可访问域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ALLOWED_HOSTS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.2.2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># djangoProject/settings.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Application definition</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">INSTALLED_APPS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.admin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.auth&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.contenttypes&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.sessions&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.messages&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.staticfiles&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新增注册app</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;demo.apps.DemoConfig&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 可以配置可访问域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ALLOWED_HOSTS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.2.2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div>`,33),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const h=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{g as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_web_Django\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.5b55bd9a.lean.js" "b/assets/python_web_Django\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.5b55bd9a.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38f822298
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_web_Django\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.5b55bd9a.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Django入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/web/Django入门.md","filePath":"python/web/Django入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"python/web/Django入门.md"},o=p("",33),e=[o];function t(c,r,y,E,i,F){return a(),n("div",null,e)}const h=s(l,[["render",t]]);export{g as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_web_pymysql\344\275\277\347\224\250.md.fd929460.js" "b/assets/python_web_pymysql\344\275\277\347\224\250.md.fd929460.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4045cf06b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_web_pymysql\344\275\277\347\224\250.md.fd929460.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"pymysql使用","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/web/pymysql使用.md","filePath":"python/web/pymysql使用.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/web/pymysql使用.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="pymysql使用" tabindex="-1">pymysql使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pymysql使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pymysql使用&quot;">​</a></h1><ul><li>安装pymysql</li><li>建立数据库连接</li><li>获取cursor对象</li><li>使用cursor执行sql</li><li>增删改-commit/rollback 查询-fetch</li><li>关闭数据库连接</li></ul><h2 id="案例" tabindex="-1">案例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#案例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;案例&quot;">​</a></h2><p>安装:<code>pip install pymysql</code></p><p>代码:</p><h3 id="查询" tabindex="-1">查询 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查询" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查询&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> connection.cursor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">cursor</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;select * from tb_student&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cursor.fetchall())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rose&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">17</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> connection.cursor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">cursor</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;select * from tb_student&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cursor.fetchall())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}, {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rose&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">17</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="修改" tabindex="-1">修改 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;update tb_student set name = &quot;jack&quot; where id = 1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;update tb_student set name = &quot;jack&quot; where id = 1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210429231158834.png" alt="image-20210429231158834"></p><h3 id="删除" tabindex="-1">删除 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;delete from tb_student where id = 2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    connection.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;delete from tb_student where id = 2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    connection.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210429231506901.png" alt="image-20210429231506901"></p><h3 id="新增" tabindex="-1">新增 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新增" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新增&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 方式1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;insert into tb_student(name,age) values(&quot;mike&quot;,20)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 方式2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;insert into tb_student(name,age) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;mike&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">21</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    connection.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 方式1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;insert into tb_student(name,age) values(&quot;mike&quot;,20)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 方式2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;insert into tb_student(name,age) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;mike&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">21</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    connection.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210429232050677.png" alt="image-20210429232050677"></p><h2 id="通过上下文管理器自定义mysql类" tabindex="-1">通过上下文管理器自定义Mysql类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过上下文管理器自定义mysql类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过上下文管理器自定义Mysql类&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sql </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;select * from tb_student&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cursor.fetchall()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;error&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sql </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;select * from tb_student&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cursor.fetchall()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;error&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div>`,18),e=[o];function c(t,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{d as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/python_web_pymysql\344\275\277\347\224\250.md.fd929460.lean.js" "b/assets/python_web_pymysql\344\275\277\347\224\250.md.fd929460.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..350ace17f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/python_web_pymysql\344\275\277\347\224\250.md.fd929460.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const d=JSON.parse('{"title":"pymysql使用","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"python/web/pymysql使用.md","filePath":"python/web/pymysql使用.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"python/web/pymysql使用.md"},o=l("",18),e=[o];function c(t,r,y,E,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{d as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git a/assets/style.89c45cea.css b/assets/style.89c45cea.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af92aff58
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+++ b/assets/style.89c45cea.css
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diff --git a/assets/tinker_index.md.23e81368.js b/assets/tinker_index.md.23e81368.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e1b62068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/tinker_index.md.23e81368.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as a,c as n,k as e,a as r}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const x=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tinker","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/index.md","filePath":"tinker/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"tinker/index.md"},o=e("h1",{id:"tinker",tabindex:"-1"},[r("Tinker "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#tinker","aria-label":'Permalink to "Tinker"'},"​")],-1),s=e("blockquote",null,[e("p",null,"生命不息，折腾不止。")],-1),d=[o,s];function c(l,_,k,p,h,m){return a(),n("div",null,d)}const u=t(i,[["render",c]]);export{x as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git a/assets/tinker_index.md.23e81368.lean.js b/assets/tinker_index.md.23e81368.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e1b62068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/tinker_index.md.23e81368.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as t,o as a,c as n,k as e,a as r}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const x=JSON.parse('{"title":"Tinker","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/index.md","filePath":"tinker/index.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"tinker/index.md"},o=e("h1",{id:"tinker",tabindex:"-1"},[r("Tinker "),e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#tinker","aria-label":'Permalink to "Tinker"'},"​")],-1),s=e("blockquote",null,[e("p",null,"生命不息，折腾不止。")],-1),d=[o,s];function c(l,_,k,p,h,m){return a(),n("div",null,d)}const u=t(i,[["render",c]]);export{x as __pageData,u as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_frp\345\206\205\347\275\221\347\251\277\351\200\217.md.59d4ffb8.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_frp\345\206\205\347\275\221\347\251\277\351\200\217.md.59d4ffb8.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd67670f5
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_frp\345\206\205\347\275\221\347\251\277\351\200\217.md.59d4ffb8.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"frp内网穿透","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/frp内网穿透.md","filePath":"tinker/network/frp内网穿透.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"tinker/network/frp内网穿透.md"},e=p(`<h1 id="frp内网穿透" tabindex="-1">frp内网穿透 <a class="header-anchor" href="#frp内网穿透" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;frp内网穿透&quot;">​</a></h1><p>家庭服务器由于是移动宽带（大内网），没有办法申请公网ip，这样不在家的时候就无法进行服务器管理了。如果有公网ip，可以使用ddns，也可以用花生壳这类内网穿透工具。或者自己有一台有公网ip的云主机，可以通过frp应用来实现内网穿透。frp仓库地址：<code>https://github.com/fatedier/frp</code></p><h2 id="frp使用" tabindex="-1">frp使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#frp使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;frp使用&quot;">​</a></h2><p>具体使用可以查看<a href="https://gofrp.org/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">frp使用文档</a>，这里介绍下我用的场景：带sk校验的安全的ssh连接</p><p>在云主机上部署fprs，配置如下：</p><div class="language-ini vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ini</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">bind_addr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 0.0.0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">bind_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">token</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = xxx</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">bind_addr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 0.0.0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">bind_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">token</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = xxx</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/systemd/system/frps.service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Description=frps</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ExecStart=/usr/bin/frps -c /etc/frps/frps.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/systemd/system/frps.service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Description=frps</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">ExecStart=/usr/bin/frps -c /etc/frps/frps.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>在需要暴露到内网的机器A上部署 frpc，配置如下：</li></ul><div class="language-ini vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ini</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server_addr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = x.x.x.x</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">token</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[ssh]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = tcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">local_ip</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">local_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 22</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">remote_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 6001</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[secret_ssh]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = stcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只有 sk 一致的用户才能访问到此服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">sk</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = abcdefg</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">local_ip</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">local_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 22</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server_addr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = x.x.x.x</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">token</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[ssh]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = tcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">local_ip</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">local_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 22</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">remote_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 6001</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[secret_ssh]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = stcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只有 sk 一致的用户才能访问到此服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">sk</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = abcdefg</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">local_ip</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">local_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 22</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在需要访问内网的机器上执行命令连接内网服务，例如用户为root</p><p><code>ssh -oPort=6001 root@x.x.x.x</code></p><ul><li>在需要访问内网的机器B上部署frpc，配置如下：</li></ul><div class="language-ini vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ini</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server_addr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = x.x.x.x</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">token</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[secret_ssh_visitor]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = stcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># stcp 的访问者</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = visitor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 要访问的 stcp 代理的名字</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = secret_ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">sk</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = abcdefg</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 绑定本地端口用于访问 SSH 服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">bind_addr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">bind_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 6000</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server_addr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = x.x.x.x</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">token</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[secret_ssh_visitor]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = stcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># stcp 的访问者</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">role</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = visitor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 要访问的 stcp 代理的名字</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = secret_ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">sk</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = abcdefg</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 绑定本地端口用于访问 SSH 服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">bind_addr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">bind_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 6000</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在需要访问内网的机器上执行命令连接内网服务，例如用户为root</p><p><code>ssh -oPort 6000 root@127.0.0.1</code></p><p>如果内网机器开启了密钥登录，则需要指定内网服务器的私钥文件</p><p><code>ssh -oPort 6000 -i identityFile root@127.0.0.1</code></p>`,17),o=[e];function c(t,r,i,y,E,d){return n(),a("div",null,o)}const h=s(l,[["render",c]]);export{_ as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_frp\345\206\205\347\275\221\347\251\277\351\200\217.md.59d4ffb8.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_frp\345\206\205\347\275\221\347\251\277\351\200\217.md.59d4ffb8.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce0efc277
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_frp\345\206\205\347\275\221\347\251\277\351\200\217.md.59d4ffb8.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const _=JSON.parse('{"title":"frp内网穿透","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/frp内网穿透.md","filePath":"tinker/network/frp内网穿透.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"tinker/network/frp内网穿透.md"},e=p("",17),o=[e];function c(t,r,i,y,E,d){return n(),a("div",null,o)}const h=s(l,[["render",c]]);export{_ as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\256\211\350\243\205\345\217\212\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c04ce5ed.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\256\211\350\243\205\345\217\212\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c04ce5ed.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..421484f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\256\211\350\243\205\345\217\212\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c04ce5ed.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as s,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"openwrt安装及配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/openwrt安装及配置.md","filePath":"tinker/network/openwrt安装及配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"tinker/network/openwrt安装及配置.md"},l=n(`<h1 id="openwrt安装及配置" tabindex="-1">openwrt安装及配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#openwrt安装及配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;openwrt安装及配置&quot;">​</a></h1><p>趁着五一假期把家用服务器装好跑起来了，另外还买了一台J4125工控机来做软路由。工控机的机器今天刚到，下午反复折腾了pve虚拟机安装openwrt和物理机直接安装，目前是用物理机装好配置完毕了，但是看了一眼这监控数据，总感觉有点浪费性能。所以这篇文章写完我还是要换回pve安装（doge），剩下的性能折腾下其他虚拟机。</p><h2 id="物理机安装" tabindex="-1">物理机安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#物理机安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;物理机安装&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="下载需要的软件" tabindex="-1">下载需要的软件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载需要的软件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载需要的软件&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">1. pe工具箱</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2. openwrt编译好的镜像,我用的是esir的固件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">3. 刷写镜像的软件physdiskwrite.exe</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">1. pe工具箱</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2. openwrt编译好的镜像,我用的是esir的固件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">3. 刷写镜像的软件physdiskwrite.exe</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="准备工作" tabindex="-1">准备工作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#准备工作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;准备工作&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">1. pe工具箱安装到U盘中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2. 把解压后的x86.img镜像文件和physdiskwrite.exe软件复制到U盘中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">3. 这时候已经可以拔掉硬路由器了，光猫lan口连软路由wan口（要问卖家哪个是wan口，我这个eth1是wan口），pc连软路由lan口（0、2、3),这是为了pc能跟软路由在同一个网段，如果不在则需要手动配置静态ip</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">1. pe工具箱安装到U盘中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2. 把解压后的x86.img镜像文件和physdiskwrite.exe软件复制到U盘中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">3. 这时候已经可以拔掉硬路由器了，光猫lan口连软路由wan口（要问卖家哪个是wan口，我这个eth1是wan口），pc连软路由lan口（0、2、3),这是为了pc能跟软路由在同一个网段，如果不在则需要手动配置静态ip</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="安装流程" tabindex="-1">安装流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装流程&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">1. u盘启动工控机</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2. 用pe工具箱自带的diskgenius把装的硬盘格式化即可，注意这里不要进行分区，否则会写盘失败</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">3. 打开cmd窗口，执行命令 physdiskwrite.exe -u x86.img,这里可以直接用鼠标把程序拖到cmd窗口，会自动拼出完整路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">4. 根据终端输出选择要写入的硬盘，比如0是硬盘，1是u盘，就填0，enter即可开始写盘，等待写盘完毕即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">5. 扩容系统分区，使用diskgenius找到刚刚写入的硬盘，然后再选中上面灰色未使用的分区，右击菜单中选择 “将空间分配给” -&gt; “分区：未格式化(D:)”，然后确认即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">6. 写盘完毕，选择重启，这时候直接拔出U盘即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">7. 等待重启后，openwrt系统就已经成功启动了，如果不确定是否安装完，回车一下看看是否有lede的banner输出就行了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">8. openwrt一般ip为192.168.2.1（esir固件是5.1），这个可以看固件wiki或者自己ifconfig看一下</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">1. u盘启动工控机</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2. 用pe工具箱自带的diskgenius把装的硬盘格式化即可，注意这里不要进行分区，否则会写盘失败</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">3. 打开cmd窗口，执行命令 physdiskwrite.exe -u x86.img,这里可以直接用鼠标把程序拖到cmd窗口，会自动拼出完整路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">4. 根据终端输出选择要写入的硬盘，比如0是硬盘，1是u盘，就填0，enter即可开始写盘，等待写盘完毕即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">5. 扩容系统分区，使用diskgenius找到刚刚写入的硬盘，然后再选中上面灰色未使用的分区，右击菜单中选择 “将空间分配给” -&gt; “分区：未格式化(D:)”，然后确认即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">6. 写盘完毕，选择重启，这时候直接拔出U盘即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">7. 等待重启后，openwrt系统就已经成功启动了，如果不确定是否安装完，回车一下看看是否有lede的banner输出就行了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">8. openwrt一般ip为192.168.2.1（esir固件是5.1），这个可以看固件wiki或者自己ifconfig看一下</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="配置" tabindex="-1">配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="上网相关配置" tabindex="-1">上网相关配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#上网相关配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;上网相关配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li>编辑lan口</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503222750537.png" alt="image-20220503222750537"></p><ol start="2"><li>选择另外两个lan口，共三个lan口</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503221537487.png" alt="image-20220503221537487"></p><ol start="3"><li>开启强制dhcp服务</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503221601540.png" alt="image-20220503221601540"></p><ol start="4"><li>保存&amp;应用</li><li>配置软路由拨号，这之前需要先把光猫设为桥接模式，参考前一篇博客<code>移动光猫改桥接模式</code></li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503222634621.png" alt="image-20220503222634621"></p><p>选择PPPoE协议并切换，填上宽带账号密码保存&amp;应用即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503222905747.png" alt="image-20220503222905747"></p><h4 id="固定ip配置" tabindex="-1">固定ip配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#固定ip配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;固定ip配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li>选择DHCP/DNS菜单，找到静态地址分配</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503221716649.png" alt="image-20220503221716649"></p><p>可以根据设备mac地址，自定义主机名和ip，并设置租期，这里一般我们设置静态ip都是永久的，填<code>infinite</code>。保存&amp;应用，然后重启软路由即可。</p><blockquote><p>这里可能重启软路由和设备后也不会让静态ip配置生效，网上找到了一篇文章的分析，跟第一次获取的ip租期未到期有管，可以手动释放旧的租约，然后刷新租约。windows下<code>ipconfig /release</code> &amp; <code>ipconfig /renew</code>,linux下<code>dhclient -r</code> &amp; <code>dhclient -s 192.168.2.1</code></p><p>以下为原文：<a href="https://www.csdn.net/tags/NtjakgwsOTY3ODMtYmxvZwO0O0OO0O0O.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.csdn.net/tags/NtjakgwsOTY3ODMtYmxvZwO0O0OO0O0O.html</a></p><blockquote><p>我在使用 Openwrt 时手动分配了新的静态 IP 给我的电脑，但是在保存并应用后并没有立即生效，而且在我分别重启了电脑和路由器后仍然没有生效，为此我花了点时间找出了解决方法。</p><p>原因分析</p><p>在“DHCP/DNS-&gt;静态地址分配”中给电脑配置了静态地址不会立即生效，因为在此之前路由器已经通过 DHCP 分配了 IP 地址给电脑形成租约，在这个租约到期之前不会改变分配给电脑的 IP。通常我们在 Lan 中设置租约时间为 12h(小时)，也就意味着要在 12 小时后电脑才会获取到我们设置的静态 IP。</p><p>不过我们可以清空路由器上的旧租约，同时将电脑断网重连，以此来使电脑获得新 IP 地址。最简单的方法就是将路由器重启，既清空了旧租约，又使电脑重连。但是为什么我之前重启会不起作用呢？</p><p>说实话这锅还真不好甩，我的电脑是 Win10 系统，在我重启路由器后，系统并不是向路由器请求一份新的租约，而是拿着旧的租约想要更新续约。这里你可能认为是路由器就直接续约了，但我认为并不是，OpenWrt 已经设定了静态地址，而电脑请求续约的 IP 不一样，结果是 OpenWrt 不会给续约，但也不会返回新的租约。</p><p>最终导致的结果就是电脑租约无法更新，但由于租约也没有到期，所以电脑继续使用旧的，而正好使用旧IP还能正常上网就一直沿用旧租约了。</p><p>解决方法</p><p>最简单的方法，设置的静态 IP 为原本 DHCP 获取到的 IP 地址，这样就不会存在不生效问题。但一定要更换 IP 的话，保证 OpenWrt 已重启，打开 Windows 命令行或者 Power Shell，输入以下命令执行：ipconfig /release</p><p>ipconfig /renew</p><p>第一条命令删除旧租约，这样就不会由于 IP 地址错误导致 OpenWrt 无法返回新租约，第二条命令就是手动更新租约。至此，解决了静态 IP 分配不生效的问题。</p></blockquote></blockquote><h2 id="pve虚拟机安装" tabindex="-1">PVE虚拟机安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pve虚拟机安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;PVE虚拟机安装&quot;">​</a></h2><p>参考b站up主司波图的<a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1GY41177Es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">教程</a></p>`,28),t=[l];function o(i,r,c,d,h,g){return a(),s("div",null,t)}const w=e(p,[["render",o]]);export{u as __pageData,w as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\256\211\350\243\205\345\217\212\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c04ce5ed.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\256\211\350\243\205\345\217\212\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c04ce5ed.lean.js"
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+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\256\211\350\243\205\345\217\212\351\205\215\347\275\256.md.c04ce5ed.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as s,Q as n}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"openwrt安装及配置","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/openwrt安装及配置.md","filePath":"tinker/network/openwrt安装及配置.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"tinker/network/openwrt安装及配置.md"},l=n("",28),t=[l];function o(i,r,c,d,h,g){return a(),s("div",null,t)}const w=e(p,[["render",o]]);export{u as __pageData,w as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\274\200\345\220\257ipv6.md.22ada18d.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\274\200\345\220\257ipv6.md.22ada18d.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3061eb6ab
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\274\200\345\220\257ipv6.md.22ada18d.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as t,Q as r}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"openwrt开启ipv6","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/openwrt开启ipv6.md","filePath":"tinker/network/openwrt开启ipv6.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"tinker/network/openwrt开启ipv6.md"},i=r('<h1 id="openwrt开启ipv6" tabindex="-1">openwrt开启ipv6 <a class="header-anchor" href="#openwrt开启ipv6" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;openwrt开启ipv6&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>由于移动宽带没有公网ip，玩儿pt上传上不去，所以考虑开启ipv6提速</p><h2 id="具体操作" tabindex="-1">具体操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#具体操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;具体操作&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="全局网络选项中清除ipv6-ula前缀" tabindex="-1">全局网络选项中清除IPv6 ULA前缀 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全局网络选项中清除ipv6-ula前缀" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全局网络选项中清除IPv6 ULA前缀&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220510221313367.png" alt="image-20220510221313367"></p><h3 id="获取ipv6地址改为自动" tabindex="-1">获取IPv6地址改为自动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#获取ipv6地址改为自动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;获取IPv6地址改为自动&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220510221440677.png" alt="image-20220510221440677"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220510221714830.png" alt="image-20220510221714830"></p><h3 id="dhcp-dns中取消禁止解析ipv6-dns记录的勾选" tabindex="-1">DHCP/DNS中取消禁止解析IPv6 DNS记录的勾选 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dhcp-dns中取消禁止解析ipv6-dns记录的勾选" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DHCP/DNS中取消禁止解析IPv6 DNS记录的勾选&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220510221817531.png" alt="image-20220510221817531"></p><h3 id="重启openwrt" tabindex="-1">重启openwrt <a class="header-anchor" href="#重启openwrt" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重启openwrt&quot;">​</a></h3>',12),n=[i];function p(s,l,c,h,d,m){return e(),t("div",null,n)}const v=a(o,[["render",p]]);export{g as __pageData,v as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\274\200\345\220\257ipv6.md.22ada18d.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\274\200\345\220\257ipv6.md.22ada18d.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97a3891ec
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_openwrt\345\274\200\345\220\257ipv6.md.22ada18d.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as t,Q as r}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"openwrt开启ipv6","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/openwrt开启ipv6.md","filePath":"tinker/network/openwrt开启ipv6.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),o={name:"tinker/network/openwrt开启ipv6.md"},i=r("",12),n=[i];function p(s,l,c,h,d,m){return e(),t("div",null,n)}const v=a(o,[["render",p]]);export{g as __pageData,v as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_pt\344\270\213\350\275\275\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d204b695.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_pt\344\270\213\350\275\275\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d204b695.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..383148dfb
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_pt\344\270\213\350\275\275\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d204b695.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as t,c as e,Q as r}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"pt下载入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/pt下载入门.md","filePath":"tinker/network/pt下载入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"tinker/network/pt下载入门.md"},i=r('<h1 id="pt下载入门" tabindex="-1">pt下载入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pt下载入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pt下载入门&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="什么是pt" tabindex="-1">什么是pt <a class="header-anchor" href="#什么是pt" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;什么是pt&quot;">​</a></h2><p>PT（Private Tracker）：是一种基于私有BT Tracker服务器的资源传播形式，经授权的用户使用受允许的客户端进行种子制作与下载，对参与的用户做出流量统计（需要用户完成一定量的上传）。</p><h2 id="pt的优缺点" tabindex="-1">pt的优缺点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pt的优缺点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pt的优缺点&quot;">​</a></h2><p>上面提到PT的关键词：私有、小范围、流量统计。传统的BT则是公有、大范围（整个互联网）、不统计流量。BT是公开的tracker，范围很广，但是有很多人只下载不上传（h&amp;r/hit and run），俗称白嫖，因此无法保证种子的下载速度。PT则解决了这一痛点，强制要求用户上传，换来了高速下载，另外pt站点的资源质量很高，资源更新更快。当然PT的局限就是圈子小，入门门槛高，往往pt站点采用邀请制+捐赠制。</p><h2 id="玩儿pt的必要条件" tabindex="-1">玩儿pt的必要条件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#玩儿pt的必要条件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;玩儿pt的必要条件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="硬件准备" tabindex="-1">硬件准备 <a class="header-anchor" href="#硬件准备" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;硬件准备&quot;">​</a></h3><p>家用pc、nas、服务器、能装下载工具的路由器、各种下载机（玩客云、n1盒子等）均可</p><h3 id="硬盘" tabindex="-1">硬盘 <a class="header-anchor" href="#硬盘" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;硬盘&quot;">​</a></h3><p>越大越好</p><h3 id="pt站点邀请码获取途径" tabindex="-1">pt站点邀请码获取途径 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pt站点邀请码获取途径" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pt站点邀请码获取途径&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>捐赠入站</p></li><li><p>通过别人邀请</p></li><li><p>pt站点开放注册时注册加入</p></li></ul><h2 id="pt入门" tabindex="-1">pt入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pt入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pt入门&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="基本概念" tabindex="-1">基本概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本概念&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>种子：根据 BitTorrent 协议，文件发布者会根据要发布的文件生成提供一个.torrent 文件，即种子文件，也简称为“种子”。种子文件本质上是文本文件，包含 Tracker信息和文件信息两部分。Tracker 信息主要是 BT 下载中需要用到的 Tracker 服务器的地址和针对 Tracker 服务器的设置，文件信息是根据 对目标文件的计算生成的，计算结果根据 BitTorrent 协议内的规则进行编码。它的 主要原理是需要把提供下载的文件虚拟分成大小相等的块，块大小必须为 2k 的整数次方(由于是虚拟分块，硬盘上并不产生各个块文件)，并把每个块的索引信息和 Hash 验证码写入种子文件中;所以，种子文件就是被下载文件的“索引”。 下载者要下载文件内容，需要先得到相应的种子文件，然后使用 BT 客户端软件进行下载。下载时，BT 客户端首先解析种子文件得到 Tracker 地址，然后连接 Tracker 服务器。Tracker 服务器回应下载者的请求，提供下载者其他下载者(包括发布者)的 IP。下载者再连接其他 下载者，根据种子文件，两者分别告知对方自己已经有的块，然后交换对方所没有的数据。 此时不需要其他服务器参与，分散了单个线路上的数据流量，因此减轻了服务器负担。 下载者每得到一个块，需要算出下载块的 Hash 验证码与种子文件中的对比，如果一样则说 明块正确，不一样则需要重新下载这个块。这种规定是为了解决下载内容淮确性的问题。 一般的 HTTP与FTP 下载，发布文件仅在某个或某几个服务器，下载的人太多，服务器的带宽 很易不胜负荷，变得很慢。而 BitTorrent 协议下载的特点是，下载的人越多，提供的带宽也 越多，下载速度就越快。同时，拥有完整文件的用户也会越来越多，使文件的“寿命”不断延长。</p></li><li><p>Tarcker: 收集下载者信息的服务器，并将此信息提供给其他下载者，可以理解为电话总机。</p></li><li><p>做种：资源下载完毕后不删除任务，保持继续上传的过程</p></li><li><p>辅种：其他人发布了资源，你手里刚好也有这个资源，那么你下载种子之后。只要数据通过了 hash 校验就会变成做种状态。（部分站点禁止）</p></li><li><p>上传量：做种时上传的流量</p></li><li><p>下载量：下载资源的流量</p></li><li><p>分享率：上传量/下载量</p></li><li><p>做种率：做种时间/下载时间</p></li><li><p>魔力值：pt站点的积分，可以通过做种、签到等途径获取</p></li><li><p>最小做种时间：为了保证种子的活跃度，一些PT站点严禁H&amp;R（Hit and Run、下了就跑），要求用户至少持续做种一段时间</p></li></ul><h3 id="新手考核" tabindex="-1">新手考核 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新手考核" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新手考核&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类似游戏的新手区教学，让新手了解PT站点的规则，PT站点还会对新人进行考核，一般考核期为一个月，考核主要从以下几点:</p><table><thead><tr><th>考核点</th><th>说明</th><th>要求</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>上传量</td><td>上传了多少数据</td><td>30G-100G不等</td></tr><tr><td>下载量</td><td>下载了多少数据</td><td>30G-100G不等</td></tr><tr><td>分享率</td><td>上传量/下载量</td><td>一般要求分享率&gt;1</td></tr><tr><td>做种率</td><td>做种时间/下载时间</td><td>一般要求3-8不等</td></tr><tr><td>魔力值</td><td>通过签到、做种等途径获取的积分</td><td>一般要求3000-8000不等</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="生存指南" tabindex="-1">生存指南 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生存指南" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生存指南&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="考核期" tabindex="-1">考核期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#考核期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;考核期&quot;">​</a></h4><p>老老实实下热门种子并持续做种</p><h4 id="考核后" tabindex="-1">考核后 <a class="header-anchor" href="#考核后" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;考核后&quot;">​</a></h4><p>对于一些以影视作品为主的网站，尽可能的下载热门种子，这样能更快的获得上传量。可以使用 BT 客户端的 RSS 订阅功能，实现无人值守下载。 对于以小种为主的 PT 站，如 OpenCD 以及大部分教育网站点，则需要通过下载大量小体积种子并长时间做种以换取魔力值，再使用魔力值兑换上传。</p><h4 id="养老期" tabindex="-1">养老期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#养老期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;养老期&quot;">​</a></h4><p>保证良好分享率</p><h3 id="技巧" tabindex="-1">技巧 <a class="header-anchor" href="#技巧" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;技巧&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="种子挑选" tabindex="-1">种子挑选 <a class="header-anchor" href="#种子挑选" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;种子挑选&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>在种子板块新发布且带有<code>Free</code>标签的种子是不计算下载量的</p></li><li><p>带有<code>2xFree</code>是不计算下载量且计算双倍上传流量的，一般选这种种子数据会更好看</p></li><li><p><strong>要注意免费时常</strong>。</p></li><li><p>进到种子页面，看种子的做种者数量和下载者数量，挑做种人少&amp;下载人多的。</p></li><li><p>无标记为正常计算上传、下载量</p></li><li><p>带有<code>%50</code>标记为计算50%下载量</p></li><li><p>带有<code>2x%50</code>为计算%50下载量、计算两倍上传量</p></li></ul><h4 id="提高分享率" tabindex="-1">提高分享率 <a class="header-anchor" href="#提高分享率" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;提高分享率&quot;">​</a></h4><p>不断下载免费种子，多维持一些，种子体积可以挑选大一点的，然后挂机做种提升上传量，在下载量不变的情况下，上传越高分量率就越高。</p><h4 id="赚魔力值" tabindex="-1">赚魔力值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#赚魔力值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;赚魔力值&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>发布种子</li><li>上传字幕</li><li>发表主题贴</li><li>辅种挂机</li></ul><h2 id="常用站点" tabindex="-1">常用站点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常用站点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常用站点&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><a href="https://hdchina.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HDChina瓷器</a>:近 10 年的老站，用户数据继承自原先的 HDWinG 和 HDStar。资源方面，官方制作组（HDCTV 和 HDChina）的 Netflix、HBO 剧集，原盘，录制的电视剧比较多。</p></li><li><p><a href="https://chdbits.co/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CHDbits彩虹岛</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.m-team.cc/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">M-Team馒头</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://hdsky.me/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HDSky 天空</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://totheglory.im/upload.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">TTG</a>：</p></li><li><p><a href="https://hdhome.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HDHome 家园</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://springsunday.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">SSD(Spring Sunday)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://pt.btschool.club/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">BT School 比特校园</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://hdtime.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HD Time 高清时间</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://52pt.site/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">52PT 我爱PT</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://ourbits.club/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Ourbits 我堡</a></p></li><li><p><a href="http://www.pthome.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">PTHome 铂金家</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://hdcity.city/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HDCity 城市</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://lemonhd.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">LeagueHD 柠檬</a></p></li><li><p><a href="http://ccfbits.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CCFBits 精品高清</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.nicept.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">NicePT</a></p></li></ul>',34),p=[i];function h(o,n,d,c,s,b){return t(),e("div",null,p)}const k=a(l,[["render",h]]);export{f as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_pt\344\270\213\350\275\275\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d204b695.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_pt\344\270\213\350\275\275\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d204b695.lean.js"
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+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_pt\344\270\213\350\275\275\345\205\245\351\227\250.md.d204b695.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as t,c as e,Q as r}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"pt下载入门","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/pt下载入门.md","filePath":"tinker/network/pt下载入门.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),l={name:"tinker/network/pt下载入门.md"},i=r("",34),p=[i];function h(o,n,d,c,s,b){return t(),e("div",null,p)}const k=a(l,[["render",h]]);export{f as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_windows\346\214\202\350\275\275webdav\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.92213c36.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_windows\346\214\202\350\275\275webdav\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.92213c36.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8f4d4a7e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_windows\346\214\202\350\275\275webdav\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.92213c36.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as o,Q as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"windows挂载webdav的问题处理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/windows挂载webdav的问题处理.md","filePath":"tinker/network/windows挂载webdav的问题处理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),d={name:"tinker/network/windows挂载webdav的问题处理.md"},i=t('<h1 id="windows挂载webdav的问题处理" tabindex="-1">windows挂载webdav的问题处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#windows挂载webdav的问题处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;windows挂载webdav的问题处理&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>home server里开着阿里云盘的webdav容器，想要在pc的windows中挂载，之前用的RaiDriver这个软件，但是开机启动总弹广告，遂弃用。用windows原生的挂载方式，直接在资源管理器中右键选择<code>添加一个网络位置</code>，填写http的webdav服务地址+端口后提示<code>输入的文件夹似乎无效</code>。</p><h2 id="解决方案" tabindex="-1">解决方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解决方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解决方案&quot;">​</a></h2><p>出现这个提示是因为windows本身的权限控制，可以在注册表中修改相关配置。</p><p>具体操作：</p><ul><li><p>修改注册表<code>\\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\WebClient\\Parameters</code>下<code>BasicAuthLevel</code>的值为<code>2</code></p></li><li><p>在服务中把WebClient启动，并把启动类型改为<code>自动</code></p></li></ul><p>然后就可以在资源管理器中再次尝试添加网络位置，输入ip+端口即可。</p>',8),r=[i];function n(s,c,w,_,l,p){return a(),o("div",null,r)}const v=e(d,[["render",n]]);export{b as __pageData,v as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_windows\346\214\202\350\275\275webdav\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.92213c36.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_windows\346\214\202\350\275\275webdav\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.92213c36.lean.js"
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index 000000000..d091225e5
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_windows\346\214\202\350\275\275webdav\347\232\204\351\227\256\351\242\230\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.92213c36.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,o as a,c as o,Q as t}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const b=JSON.parse('{"title":"windows挂载webdav的问题处理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/windows挂载webdav的问题处理.md","filePath":"tinker/network/windows挂载webdav的问题处理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),d={name:"tinker/network/windows挂载webdav的问题处理.md"},i=t("",8),r=[i];function n(s,c,w,_,l,p){return a(),o("div",null,r)}const v=e(d,[["render",n]]);export{b as __pageData,v as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_\344\275\277\347\224\250https\350\256\277\351\227\256\345\206\205\347\275\221\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.1ca33396.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_\344\275\277\347\224\250https\350\256\277\351\227\256\345\206\205\347\275\221\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.1ca33396.js"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_\344\275\277\347\224\250https\350\256\277\351\227\256\345\206\205\347\275\221\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.1ca33396.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"使用https访问内网服务","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/使用https访问内网服务.md","filePath":"tinker/network/使用https访问内网服务.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"tinker/network/使用https访问内网服务.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="使用https访问内网服务" tabindex="-1">使用https访问内网服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用https访问内网服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用https访问内网服务&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-swag" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-swag</a></p></blockquote><h3 id="配置dns解析" tabindex="-1">配置dns解析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置dns解析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置dns解析&quot;">​</a></h3><p>将需要的子域名使用ddns解析到wan口ip</p><h3 id="openwrt启动docker-swag容器" tabindex="-1">openwrt启动docker-swag容器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#openwrt启动docker-swag容器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;openwrt启动docker-swag容器&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># docker-compose.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">swag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linuxserver/swag:latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">cap_add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">NET_ADMIN</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUID=1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PGID=1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">URL=yourdomain.com</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 主域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">VALIDATION=dns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># certbot验证的方法，一般选dns</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SUBDOMAINS=yoursubdoamin.yourdomain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CERTPROVIDER=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 可以填zerossl，默认使用let&#39;s encrypt签发证书</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DNSPLUGIN=dnspod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 支持aliyun、dnspod、cloudflare等等，详情见官方文档</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PROPAGATION=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 选择覆盖dns插件的默认传播时间（以秒为单位）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EMAIL=user@email.com</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 邮箱</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ONLY_SUBDOMAINS=true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 是否只获取子域名的证书</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EXTRA_DOMAINS=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 其他完全限定域名（逗号分隔，无空格）例如 extradomain.com,subdomain.anotherdomain.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">STAGING=false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置为 true 以在暂存模式下检索证书。但生成的证书将无法通过浏览器的安全测试。仅用于测试。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/docker/swag/config:/config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">65111:443</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 映射端口，家宽可以选择高位端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#      - 80:80 #optional</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># docker-compose.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">swag</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linuxserver/swag:latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">cap_add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">NET_ADMIN</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUID=1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PGID=1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">URL=yourdomain.com</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 主域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">VALIDATION=dns</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># certbot验证的方法，一般选dns</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SUBDOMAINS=yoursubdoamin.yourdomain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CERTPROVIDER=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 可以填zerossl，默认使用let&#39;s encrypt签发证书</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DNSPLUGIN=dnspod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 支持aliyun、dnspod、cloudflare等等，详情见官方文档</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PROPAGATION=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 选择覆盖dns插件的默认传播时间（以秒为单位）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">EMAIL=user@email.com</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 邮箱</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ONLY_SUBDOMAINS=true</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 是否只获取子域名的证书</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">EXTRA_DOMAINS=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 其他完全限定域名（逗号分隔，无空格）例如 extradomain.com,subdomain.anotherdomain.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">STAGING=false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置为 true 以在暂存模式下检索证书。但生成的证书将无法通过浏览器的安全测试。仅用于测试。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/docker/swag/config:/config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">65111:443</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 映射端口，家宽可以选择高位端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#      - 80:80 #optional</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="启动容器后操作" tabindex="-1">启动容器后操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动容器后操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动容器后操作&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>在<code>config/dns-conf</code>目录中找到自己选择的dns插件的配置文件，按要求填写验证信息</p></li><li><p>在<code>config/nginx/proxy-confs</code>基于给出的模板配置文件修改出自己的虚拟主机配置，将请求反向代理到内网的指定服务</p></li><li><p>防火墙中配置端口转发规则：将要从外网访问的高位端口（例如65222）转发到上面映射的端口65111</p></li></ol><h3 id="重启容器" tabindex="-1">重启容器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#重启容器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重启容器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>此时即可通过<code>https://subdomain.domain.com:65222</code>来访问对应的内网服务</p>`,10),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{F as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_\344\275\277\347\224\250https\350\256\277\351\227\256\345\206\205\347\275\221\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.1ca33396.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_\344\275\277\347\224\250https\350\256\277\351\227\256\345\206\205\347\275\221\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.1ca33396.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58bb99d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_\344\275\277\347\224\250https\350\256\277\351\227\256\345\206\205\347\275\221\346\234\215\345\212\241.md.1ca33396.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const F=JSON.parse('{"title":"使用https访问内网服务","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/使用https访问内网服务.md","filePath":"tinker/network/使用https访问内网服务.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"tinker/network/使用https访问内网服务.md"},o=l("",10),e=[o];function c(t,r,E,y,i,d){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",c]]);export{F as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_\345\256\266\345\272\255\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250home server\346\220\255\345\273\272.md.7513604f.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_\345\256\266\345\272\255\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250home server\346\220\255\345\273\272.md.7513604f.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af1e5167f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_\345\256\266\345\272\255\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250home server\346\220\255\345\273\272.md.7513604f.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1,1291 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"家庭服务器home server搭建","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/家庭服务器home server搭建.md","filePath":"tinker/network/家庭服务器home server搭建.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"tinker/network/家庭服务器home server搭建.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="家庭服务器home-server搭建" tabindex="-1">家庭服务器home server搭建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#家庭服务器home-server搭建" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;家庭服务器home server搭建&quot;">​</a></h1><p>一直想搞一台nas玩玩儿，但是看了群晖、威联通这些成品nas低到令人发指的性价比，我最终还是决定diy一台小主机来实现自己的需求。</p><h2 id="需求分析" tabindex="-1">需求分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#需求分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;需求分析&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="需求" tabindex="-1">需求 <a class="header-anchor" href="#需求" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;需求&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>共享存储</li><li>Docker服务</li><li>跑一些测试程序</li></ol><h3 id="分析" tabindex="-1">分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分析&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>PC上还有块4T的希捷酷鹰，再添3块4T紫盘组raid5阵列。机箱的盘位就至少需要4个以上，挑了一圈就乔思伯N1（5盘位）和万由的810A（8盘位）能看的过去，虽然万由盘位多但是价格比n1高了大几百，目前也用不到这么多盘位，因此机箱确定了n1，主板也要买itx版型。</p></li><li><p>要跑的docker容器比较多，下载器服务、阿里云的webdav容器、直播录制程序容器等等。。。因此内存需要32G以上。</p></li><li><p>确定使用的系统是个比较复杂的过程，因为有过PVE虚拟机翻车的经历，这个服务器又主要承载了数据存储功能，所以要追求稳定，因此首先排除PVE和ESXi这些虚拟机系统，直接物理机装系统。然后我在虚拟机上装了最新版的Truenas scale体验了一下，这个系统是基于debian用python开发的，交互上倒没什么问题，但是因为是个纯nas系统，对主系统限制较多，自由度不高（不能直接装软件），因此也被pass，黑群晖这些就不说了，在我看来还不如truenas。一圈排除下来就只能直接装linux server了。去V2EX论坛问了老哥们的意见，推荐debian的很多，也有建议用最熟悉的系统的，最后我选择了后者，选了比较有把握的ubuntu server，正好ubuntu的22.04发行版刚出，就直接安排上了。</p></li></ol><h2 id="硬件" tabindex="-1">硬件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#硬件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;硬件&quot;">​</a></h2><p>经过了好几天的挑选，最终敲定了这套配置</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">cpu：i3-10100散片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">主板：七彩虹cvn b460i frozen</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">内存：金士顿16g*2 2666</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">固态：七彩虹 ssd sata3 128g</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">cpu散热：超频3刀锋</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">机械硬盘：西数海康oem紫盘4t*3 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">电源：tt 350w sfx电源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">机箱+线材：乔思伯n1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">扩展卡：乐扩m2转sata3接口扩展卡</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">cpu：i3-10100散片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">主板：七彩虹cvn b460i frozen</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">内存：金士顿16g*2 2666</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">固态：七彩虹 ssd sata3 128g</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">cpu散热：超频3刀锋</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">机械硬盘：西数海康oem紫盘4t*3 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">电源：tt 350w sfx电源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">机箱+线材：乔思伯n1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">扩展卡：乐扩m2转sata3接口扩展卡</span></span></code></pre></div><p>其中散热、固态是在公司的福利商城购买，cpu、机械硬盘、机箱、扩展卡在淘宝购买，主板、电源在京东购买，内存在咸鱼淘的。不算硬盘花费是2480，加上硬盘3755。</p><p>组装完成后：</p><ul><li>灵魂走线，又不是不能用(doge）</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/D55DA0D4-322D-4A49-9634-9DB667BDD7A4_1_105_c.jpeg" alt="D55DA0D4-322D-4A49-9634-9DB667BDD7A4_1_105_c"></p><ul><li>侧面</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/6C0A8FED-B95C-4FE5-ACCB-32DD8DF553E8_1_105_c.jpeg" alt="6C0A8FED-B95C-4FE5-ACCB-32DD8DF553E8_1_105_c"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/B4E46C72-2CA5-4727-AD52-F3C25F94A74B_1_102_o.jpeg" alt="B4E46C72-2CA5-4727-AD52-F3C25F94A74B_1_102_o"></p><p>跟其他工业风机箱比起来，乔思伯n1这款颜值还是很不错的。</p><h2 id="系统搭建" tabindex="-1">系统搭建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#系统搭建" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;系统搭建&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="操作系统安装" tabindex="-1">操作系统安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#操作系统安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;操作系统安装&quot;">​</a></h3><p>ubuntu官网下载最新版的ubuntu-server-22.04，然后rufus刷写到U盘中，使用U盘引导启动。</p><p>安装过程不再赘述，这里记录几个重点步骤：</p><ol><li>在配置Ubuntu安装镜像这一步最好选择国内的企业/大学镜像站，不然后面安装可能会在下载时卡住。网易镜像源<code>http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/</code>，阿里云镜像源<code>https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/</code>，清华源<code>https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/</code></li><li>磁盘分区选择自定义，然后根据自己的情况进行分区，我的固态只分了<code>/</code>和<code>/boot</code>两个区，然后四块4T机械组了raid5。（ubuntu在建立阵列后会立刻进入重建过程，阵列中会有一个分区状态为<code>spare rebuilding</code>，其他分区为<code>active sync</code>。这个重建过程很久，我4块4T重建总共用了十几个小时，重建完成后阵列下所有分区都会变为<code>active sync</code>状态</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220501014554319.png" alt="image-20220501014554319"></p><h2 id="基础配置" tabindex="-1">基础配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础配置&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>开启root登陆</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PermitRootLogin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 给root修改密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">passwd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sshd</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PermitRootLogin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 给root修改密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">passwd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sshd</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>启用密钥登陆</p></li></ul><p>​ 见另一篇博客 <code>阿里云服务器启用密钥登陆并禁用密码登陆</code></p><ul><li><p>时区同步</p><p><code>sudo cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime</code></p></li></ul><h2 id="安装服务" tabindex="-1">安装服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装服务&quot;">​</a></h2><p>这个部分长期更新XD，一点点补上吧。</p><h3 id="samba文件共享服务" tabindex="-1">samba文件共享服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#samba文件共享服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;samba文件共享服务&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装samba</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">samba</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 启动smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开机自启</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建共享文件夹 设置权限770</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">770</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加用户和密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">smbpasswd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">用户名</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 修改配置文件，在文件最后添加共享资源设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/samba/smb.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[data]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">available</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">browseable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">writable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">valid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">users</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">story</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装samba</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">samba</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 启动smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开机自启</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建共享文件夹 设置权限770</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">770</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加用户和密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">smbpasswd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">用户名</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 修改配置文件，在文件最后添加共享资源设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/samba/smb.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[data]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">available</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">browseable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">valid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">users</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">story</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>samba共享配置详解</p><p>[temp] #共享资源名称</p><p>comment = Temporary file space #简单的解释，内容无关紧要</p><p>path = /tmp #实际的共享目录</p><p>writable = yes #设置为可写入</p><p>browseable = yes #可以被所有用户浏览到资源名称，</p><p>guest ok = yes #可以让用户随意登录</p><p>public = yes #允许匿名查看</p><p>valid users = 用户名 #设置访问用户</p><p>valid users = @组名 #设置访问组</p><p>readonly = yes #只读</p><p>readonly = no #读写</p><p>hosts deny = 192.168.0.0 #表示禁止所有来自192.168.0.0/24 网段的IP 地址访问</p><p>hosts allow = 192.168.0.24 #表示允许192.168.0.24 这个IP 地址访问</p><p>[homes]为特殊共享目录，表示用户主目录。</p><p>[printers]表示共享打印机。</p><p>原文链接：<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/l1593572468/article/details/121444812" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://blog.csdn.net/l1593572468/article/details/121444812</a></p></blockquote><h3 id="docker安装" tabindex="-1">Docker安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Docker安装&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Uninstall old versions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-engine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker.io</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">containerd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">runc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Update the apt package index and install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ca-certificates</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gnupg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">lsb-release</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Add Docker’s official GPG key:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gpg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--dearmor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Use the following command to set up the stable repository.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;deb [arch=$(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">dpkg</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--print-architecture</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">  $(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lsb_release</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-cs</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">) stable&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tee</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Install Docker Engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-ce</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-ce-cli</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">containerd.io</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-compose-plugin</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Uninstall old versions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-engine</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker.io</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">containerd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">runc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Update the apt package index and install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ca-certificates</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gnupg</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">lsb-release</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Add Docker’s official GPG key:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gpg</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--dearmor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-o</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Use the following command to set up the stable repository.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;deb [arch=$(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dpkg</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--print-architecture</span><span style="color:#032F62;">) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">  $(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lsb_release</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-cs</span><span style="color:#032F62;">) stable&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tee</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Install Docker Engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-ce</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-ce-cli</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">containerd.io</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-compose-plugin</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="挂载阿里云盘" tabindex="-1">挂载阿里云盘 <a class="header-anchor" href="#挂载阿里云盘" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;挂载阿里云盘&quot;">​</a></h3><p>参考另一篇博客<code>挂载阿里云盘+开机自动挂载</code></p><h3 id="transmission" tabindex="-1">transmission <a class="header-anchor" href="#transmission" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;transmission&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name=transmission</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME=/transmission-web-control/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">USER=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">r</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PASS=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">pas</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">19091</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:9091</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">51413</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:51413</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">51413</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:51413/udp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/transmission/data:/config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/others:/downloads/others</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/tvseries:/downloads/tvseries</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/transmission/watch/folder:/watch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/movies:/downloads/movies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--restart=always</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linuxserver/transmission</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name=transmission</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME=/transmission-web-control/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">USER=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">r</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PASS=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">pas</span><span style="color:#24292E;">s</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">19091</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:9091</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">51413</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:51413</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">51413</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:51413/udp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/transmission/data:/config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/others:/downloads/others</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/tvseries:/downloads/tvseries</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/transmission/watch/folder:/watch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/movies:/downloads/movies</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--restart=always</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linuxserver/transmission</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="qbittorrent" tabindex="-1">qbittorrent <a class="header-anchor" href="#qbittorrent" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;qbittorrent&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">version:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3.2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">services:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">qbittorrent:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">image:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nevinee/qbittorrent:4.3.9</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">container_name:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">qbittorrent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">environment:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WEBUI_PORT=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18080</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">BT_PORT=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">55555</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">volumes:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/qbittorrent/config:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/repo:/downloads</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">network_mode:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">host</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">restart:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3.2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">services:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">qbittorrent:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">image:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">nevinee/qbittorrent:4.3.9</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">container_name:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">qbittorrent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">environment:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">WEBUI_PORT=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18080</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">BT_PORT=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">55555</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">volumes:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/qbittorrent/config:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/repo:/downloads</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">network_mode:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">host</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">restart:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="aria2" tabindex="-1">aria2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#aria2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;aria2&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">aria2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">always</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--log-opt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">max-size=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$UID </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$GID </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">UMASK_SET=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">022</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RPC_SECRET=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">secre</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">t</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RPC_PORT=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16800</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16800</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:16800</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">LISTEN_PORT=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16888</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16888</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:16888</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16888</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:16888/udp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/aria2/config:/config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/tvseries:/downloads/tvseries</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/movies:/downloads/movies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/others:/downloads/others</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">p3terx/aria2-pro</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">aria2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">always</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--log-opt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">max-size=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$UID </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$GID </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">UMASK_SET=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">022</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RPC_SECRET=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">secre</span><span style="color:#24292E;">t</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RPC_PORT=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16800</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16800</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:16800</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">LISTEN_PORT=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16888</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16888</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:16888</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16888</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:16888/udp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/aria2/config:/config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/tvseries:/downloads/tvseries</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/movies:/downloads/movies</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/others:/downloads/others</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">p3terx/aria2-pro</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="jellyfin" tabindex="-1">jellyfin <a class="header-anchor" href="#jellyfin" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jellyfin&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">version:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3.2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">services:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">jenkins:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">image:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins/jenkins:2.332.3-jdk11</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">container_name:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">environment:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">user:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">volumes:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/story/dist:/story/dist</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/jenkins/jenkins_data:/var/jenkins_home</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ports:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;8099:8080&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">restart:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3.2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">services:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">jenkins:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">image:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins/jenkins:2.332.3-jdk11</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">container_name:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">environment:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">user:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">volumes:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/story/dist:/story/dist</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/jenkins/jenkins_data:/var/jenkins_home</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ports:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;8099:8080&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">restart:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="jellyfin硬解" tabindex="-1">jellyfin硬解 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jellyfin硬解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jellyfin硬解&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装驱动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">intel-media-va-driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解码支持确认</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/vainfo</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装驱动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">intel-media-va-driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解码支持确认</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/vainfo</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/43b766ec-e5a4-4f1c-a06b-97c4b9eb7924.png" alt="image-20230828233842999"></p><h3 id="kafka" tabindex="-1">kafka <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">wget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://dlcdn.apache.org/kafka/3.1.1/kafka_2.12-3.1.1.tgz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-xzvf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka_2.12-3.1.1.tgz</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://dlcdn.apache.org/kafka/3.1.1/kafka_2.12-3.1.1.tgz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-xzvf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka_2.12-3.1.1.tgz</span></span></code></pre></div><p>zookeeper.service</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Description</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zookeeper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">forking</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Environment</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ExecStart</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-daemon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/config/zookeeper.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ExecStop</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">SyslogIdentifier</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zookeeper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">WantedBy</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multi-user.target</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Description</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">zookeeper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">forking</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Environment</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ExecStart</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-daemon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/config/zookeeper.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ExecStop</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">SyslogIdentifier</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">zookeeper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">WantedBy</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">multi-user.target</span></span></code></pre></div><p>kafka.service</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Description</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">After</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zookeeper.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">forking</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Environment</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ExecStart</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-daemon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/config/server.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ExecStop</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-stop.sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">WantedBy</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multi-user.target</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Description</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">After</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">zookeeper.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">forking</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Environment</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ExecStart</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-daemon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/config/server.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ExecStop</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-stop.sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">WantedBy</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">multi-user.target</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="onedev" tabindex="-1">onedev <a class="header-anchor" href="#onedev" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;onedev&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">onedev</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/onedev:/opt/onedev</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6610</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:6610</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\ </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">#</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6611</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:6611</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\ </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">#</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  --restart</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">always</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">1dev/server:latest</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">onedev</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/onedev:/opt/onedev</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6610</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:6610</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\ </span><span style="color:#032F62;">#</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6611</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:6611</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\ </span><span style="color:#032F62;">#</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  --restart</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">always</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">1dev/server:latest</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="rabbitmq" tabindex="-1">rabbitmq <a class="header-anchor" href="#rabbitmq" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;rabbitmq&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rabbitmq-server</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开启rabbit网页控制台 默认端口号15672,重启rabbitmq服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmq-plugins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rabbitmq_management</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># rabbitmq默认用户guest不允许远程登陆，且systemd默认的启动用户为rabbitmq，可以改为root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/lib/systemd/system</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rabbitmq-server.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新建rabbitmq用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add_user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">password</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set_user_tags</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">administrator</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set_permissions</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看、删除、修改密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">list_users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">delete_user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">username</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">change_password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">newpassword</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rabbitmq-server</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开启rabbit网页控制台 默认端口号15672,重启rabbitmq服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmq-plugins</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rabbitmq_management</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># rabbitmq默认用户guest不允许远程登陆，且systemd默认的启动用户为rabbitmq，可以改为root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/lib/systemd/system</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rabbitmq-server.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新建rabbitmq用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add_user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">password</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set_user_tags</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">administrator</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set_permissions</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看、删除、修改密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">list_users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">delete_user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">username</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">change_password</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">newpassword</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="gitea" tabindex="-1">gitea <a class="header-anchor" href="#gitea" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;gitea&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">gitea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">external</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">gitea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">driver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">local</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gitea/gitea:1.16.7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gitea</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DOMAIN=192.168.2.66</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">HTTP_PORT=6610</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SSH_PORT=6611</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SSH_LISTEN_PORT=6611</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">always</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gitea</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gitea:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;6610:6610&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;6611:6611&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">gitea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">external</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">gitea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">driver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">local</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gitea/gitea:1.16.7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gitea</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DOMAIN=192.168.2.66</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">HTTP_PORT=6610</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SSH_PORT=6611</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SSH_LISTEN_PORT=6611</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">always</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gitea</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gitea:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;6610:6610&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;6611:6611&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="gitea-webhook-allowed-host-list" tabindex="-1">gitea webhook allowed host list <a class="header-anchor" href="#gitea-webhook-allowed-host-list" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;gitea webhook allowed host list&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/var/lib/docker/volumes/gitea_gitea/_data/gitea/conf/app.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># add the following lines to the end of the file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[webhook]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ALLOWED_HOST_LIST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.2.66</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/var/lib/docker/volumes/gitea_gitea/_data/gitea/conf/app.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># add the following lines to the end of the file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[webhook]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ALLOWED_HOST_LIST</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.2.66</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="gitea-and-jenkins-webhook" tabindex="-1">gitea and jenkins webhook <a class="header-anchor" href="#gitea-and-jenkins-webhook" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;gitea and jenkins webhook&quot;">​</a></h4><p>In Jenkins: on the job settings page set &quot;Source Code Management&quot; option to &quot;Git&quot;, provide URL to your repo (<a href="http://gitea-url.your.org/username/repo.git" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://gitea-url.your.org/username/repo.git</a>), and in &quot;Poll triggers&quot; section check &quot;Poll SCM&quot; option with no schedule defined. This setup basically tells Jenkins to poll your Gitea repo only when requested via the webhook.</p><p>In Gitea: under repo -&gt; Settings -&gt; Webhooks, add new webhook, set the URL to http://jenkins_url.your.org/gitea-webhook/post, and clear the secret (leave it blank).</p><p>At this point clicking on &quot;Test Delivery&quot; button should produce a successful delivery attempt (green checkmark).</p><h3 id="kafdrop" tabindex="-1">kafdrop <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafdrop" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafdrop&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafkaui</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9000</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:9000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">KAFKA_BROKERCONNECT=&quot;192.168.2.66:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">JVM_OPTS=&quot;-Xms32M -Xmx64M&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SERVER_SERVLET_CONTEXTPATH=&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">obsidiandynamics/kafdrop</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafkaui</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9000</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:9000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">KAFKA_BROKERCONNECT=&quot;192.168.2.66:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">JVM_OPTS=&quot;-Xms32M -Xmx64M&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SERVER_SERVLET_CONTEXTPATH=&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">obsidiandynamics/kafdrop</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="cadvisor-docker监控" tabindex="-1">cadvisor Docker监控 <a class="header-anchor" href="#cadvisor-docker监控" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;cadvisor Docker监控&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">cadvisor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gcr.io/cadvisor/cadvisor:v0.47.2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cadvisor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/:/rootfs:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/run:/var/run:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/sys:/sys:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/disk/:/dev/disk:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;28080:8080&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">privileged</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">devices</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/kmsg</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">cadvisor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gcr.io/cadvisor/cadvisor:v0.47.2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cadvisor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/:/rootfs:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/run:/var/run:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/sys:/sys:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/disk/:/dev/disk:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;28080:8080&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">privileged</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">devices</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/kmsg</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="grafana-prometheus-node-exporter监控linux系统" tabindex="-1">grafana+prometheus+node_exporter监控linux系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#grafana-prometheus-node-exporter监控linux系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;grafana+prometheus+node_exporter监控linux系统&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="node-exporter" tabindex="-1">node_exporter <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-exporter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;node_exporter&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.6.1/node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz</code></li><li><code>tar -zxvf node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz &amp;&amp; mv node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64/node_exporter /usr/local/bin</code></li></ul><h5 id="systemd" tabindex="-1">systemd <a class="header-anchor" href="#systemd" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;systemd&quot;">​</a></h5><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 编写systemd服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Description=node_exporeter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更新内核并启动，自启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">daemon-reload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">node_exporter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">node_exporter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">node_exporter</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 编写systemd服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Description=node_exporeter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更新内核并启动，自启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">daemon-reload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">node_exporter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">node_exporter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">node_exporter</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="init-d" tabindex="-1">init.d <a class="header-anchor" href="#init-d" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;init.d&quot;">​</a></h5><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># openwrt要使用init.d</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/init.d/node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh /etc/rc.common</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">START</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">STOP</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Starting Node Exporter...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/usr/bin/node_exporter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--web.listen-address=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:9100&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">stop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Stopping Node Exporter...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">killall</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># openwrt要使用init.d</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/init.d/node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh /etc/rc.common</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">START</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">STOP</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Starting Node Exporter...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/usr/bin/node_exporter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--web.listen-address=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:9100&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stop</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Stopping Node Exporter...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">killall</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>/etc/init.d/node_exporter enable &amp;&amp; /etc/init.d/node_exporter start </code></p><h4 id="redis-exporter" tabindex="-1">redis_exporter <a class="header-anchor" href="#redis-exporter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;redis_exporter&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>wget https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter/releases/download/v1.46.0/redis_exporter-v1.46.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz</code></li><li><code>tar -xvf redis_exporter-v1.46.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz &amp;&amp; mv redis_exporter-v1.46.0.linux-amd64/redis_exporter /usr/local/bin</code></li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 编写systemd服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/systemd/system/redis_exporter.service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Description=redis_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis_exporter -redis.addr ip:port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更新内核并启动，自启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">daemon-reload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis_exporter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis_exporter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis_exporter</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 编写systemd服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/systemd/system/redis_exporter.service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Description=redis_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis_exporter -redis.addr ip:port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更新内核并启动，自启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">daemon-reload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis_exporter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis_exporter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis_exporter</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="grafana-prometheus" tabindex="-1">grafana+prometheus <a class="header-anchor" href="#grafana-prometheus" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;grafana+prometheus&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># docker-compose.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">grafana</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">grafana/grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">3000:3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/conf/grafana.ini:/etc/grafana/grafana.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/data:/var/lib/grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/provisioning/dashboards:/etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/provisioning/datasources:/etc/grafana/provisioning/datasources</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">prometheus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">prom/prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">9090:9090</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">prometheus_data:/prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">prometheus_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># docker-compose.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">grafana</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">grafana/grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">3000:3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/conf/grafana.ini:/etc/grafana/grafana.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/data:/var/lib/grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/provisioning/dashboards:/etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/provisioning/datasources:/etc/grafana/provisioning/datasources</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">prometheus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">prom/prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">9090:9090</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">prometheus_data:/prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">prometheus_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span></code></pre></div><p>prometheus.yml</p><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">15s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evaluation_interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">15s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">scrape_configs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">job_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;linux&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">5s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">targets</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.2.66:9100&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">labels</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">job_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;redis&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">5s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">targets</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.2.66:9121&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">labels</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">job_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cadvisor&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">targets</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.2.66:28080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">labels</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">global</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">15s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">evaluation_interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">15s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">scrape_configs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">job_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;linux&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">5s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">targets</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.2.66:9100&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">labels</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">job_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;redis&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">5s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">targets</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.2.66:9121&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">labels</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">job_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cadvisor&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">targets</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.2.66:28080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">labels</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>grafana.ini 从空白容器里复制出一份</li></ul><div class="language-ini vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ini</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">docker cp grafana:/etc/grafana.ini ~/</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">docker cp grafana:/etc/grafana.ini ~/</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>grafana监控大盘模板</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12633-linux/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">12633</a>(Linux主机详情)</p></li><li><p><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/1860-node-exporter-full/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">1860</a>(Node Exporter Full)</p></li><li><p><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/193-docker-monitoring/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">193</a>(Docker monitoring)</p></li><li><p><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/14282-cadvisor-exporter/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">14282</a>(Cadvisor exporter)</p></li><li><p><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11835-redis-dashboard-for-prometheus-redis-exporter-helm-stable-redis-ha/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">11835</a>(Redis Dashboard)</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="bitwarden" tabindex="-1">Bitwarden <a class="header-anchor" href="#bitwarden" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Bitwarden&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p><a href="https://bitwarden.com/help/install-on-premise-linux/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://bitwarden.com/help/install-on-premise-linux/</a></p></blockquote><h4 id="configure-your-domain" tabindex="-1">Configure your domain <a class="header-anchor" href="#configure-your-domain" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Configure your domain&quot;">​</a></h4><p>配置域名解析，Bitwarden默认使用<code>80</code>和<code>443</code>端口，可以执行安装后在<code>bwdata/config.yaml</code>修改端口</p><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">http_prt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">https_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">443</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">http_prt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">https_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">443</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>修改完<code>bwdata/config.yaml</code>后需要执行<code>./bitwarden.sh rebuild</code></p></blockquote><h4 id="install-docker-and-docker-compose" tabindex="-1">Install Docker and Docker Compose <a class="header-anchor" href="#install-docker-and-docker-compose" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Install Docker and Docker Compose&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sudo sh</code></p><h4 id="create-a-bitwarden-user-directory-from-which-to-complete-installation" tabindex="-1">Create a Bitwarden user &amp; directory from which to complete installation. <a class="header-anchor" href="#create-a-bitwarden-user-directory-from-which-to-complete-installation" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Create a Bitwarden user &amp; directory from which to complete installation.&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">adduser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">passwd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">groupadd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">usermod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-aG</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">700</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">chown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden:bitwarden</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">adduser</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">passwd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">groupadd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">usermod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-aG</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-R</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">700</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">chown</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-R</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden:bitwarden</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="retrieve-an-installation-id-and-key-from-https-bitwarden-com-host-for-use-in-installation" tabindex="-1">Retrieve an installation id and key from <a href="https://bitwarden.com/host/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><strong>https://bitwarden.com/host</strong></a> for use in installation. <a class="header-anchor" href="#retrieve-an-installation-id-and-key-from-https-bitwarden-com-host-for-use-in-installation" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Retrieve an installation id and key from [**https://bitwarden.com/host**](https://bitwarden.com/host/) for use in installation.&quot;">​</a></h4><p>For more information, see <a href="https://bitwarden.com/help/hosting-faqs/#general" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">What are my installation id and installation key used for?</a></p><h4 id="install-bitwarden-on-your-machine" tabindex="-1">Install Bitwarden on your machine. <a class="header-anchor" href="#install-bitwarden-on-your-machine" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Install Bitwarden on your machine.&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Lso</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://func.bitwarden.com/api/dl/?app=self-host&amp;platform=linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">700</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden.sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./bitwarden.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Lso</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://func.bitwarden.com/api/dl/?app=self-host&amp;platform=linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">700</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden.sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./bitwarden.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="configure-your-environment-by-adjusting-settings-in-bwdata-env-global-override-env" tabindex="-1">Configure your environment by adjusting settings in <code>./bwdata/env/global.override.env</code>. <a class="header-anchor" href="#configure-your-environment-by-adjusting-settings-in-bwdata-env-global-override-env" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Configure your environment by adjusting settings in \`./bwdata/env/global.override.env\`.&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__replyToEmail</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=email@example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__host</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=smtp.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=465</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__ssl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=email@example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=password</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__disableUserRegistration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=true </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 禁止注册</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__replyToEmail</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=email@example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__host</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=smtp.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=465</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__ssl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__username</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=email@example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__password</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=password</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__disableUserRegistration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=true </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 禁止注册</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>修改完后执行<code>./bitwarden.sh restart</code></p></blockquote><h4 id="start-your-instance" tabindex="-1">Start your instance <a class="header-anchor" href="#start-your-instance" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Start your instance&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>./bitwarden.sh start</code></p><h4 id="backing-up-your-server" tabindex="-1">backing up your server <a class="header-anchor" href="#backing-up-your-server" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;backing up your server&quot;">​</a></h4><p>backup <code>bwdata</code> folder</p><h4 id="migration" tabindex="-1">migration <a class="header-anchor" href="#migration" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;migration&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p><a href="https://bitwarden.com/help/migration/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://bitwarden.com/help/migration/</a></p><p>如果低版本迁移到高版本，覆盖bwdata后，先执行./bitwarden.sh update</p></blockquote><h4 id="client" tabindex="-1">Client <a class="header-anchor" href="#client" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Client&quot;">​</a></h4><p><a href="https://bitwarden.com/download/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://bitwarden.com/download</a></p><h3 id="hoppscotch" tabindex="-1">Hoppscotch <a class="header-anchor" href="#hoppscotch" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Hoppscotch&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/hoppscotch/hoppscotch" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/hoppscotch/hoppscotch</a></p></blockquote><h4 id="docker-compose-yml" tabindex="-1">docker-compose.yml <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-compose-yml" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker-compose.yml&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;3.8&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hoppscotch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">hoppscotch/hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;53000:3000&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;53100:3100&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;53170:3170&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">env_file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">links</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">postgresql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_DB</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">db</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;5432:5432&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">postgres_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hoppscotch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;3.8&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">hoppscotch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">hoppscotch/hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;53000:3000&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;53100:3100&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;53170:3170&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">env_file</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">links</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">postgresql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_DB</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">db</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;5432:5432&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">postgres_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">hoppscotch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="env" tabindex="-1">.env <a class="header-anchor" href="#env" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.env&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#-----------------------Backend Config------------------------------#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Prisma Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DATABASE_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=postgresql://user:passwd@postgresql:5432/db</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Auth Tokens Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">JWT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">TOKEN_SALT_COMPLEXITY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAGIC_LINK_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">= 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REFRESH_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;604800000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Default validity is 7 days (604800000 ms) in ms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ACCESS_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;86400000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Default validity is 1 day (86400000 ms) in ms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">SESSION_SECRET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Hoppscotch App Domain Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REDIRECT_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">WHITELISTED_ORIGINS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend,https://hoppscotch.example.com,https://hoppadmin.example.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_ALLOWED_AUTH_PROVIDERS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=GITHUB</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Google Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CALLBACK_URL=&quot;http://hoppscotch.example.com:3170/v1/auth/google/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_SCOPE=&quot;email,profilstoryxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Github Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GITHUB_CLIENT_ID</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GITHUB_CALLBACK_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/v1/auth/github/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GITHUB_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user:email&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Microsoft Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CLIENT_ID=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CLIENT_SECRET=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CALLBACK_URL=&quot;http://hoppscotch.example.com:3170/v1/auth/microsoft/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_SCOPE=&quot;user.read&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_TENANT=&quot;common&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Mailer config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAILER_SMTP_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;smtps://user@domain.com:passwd@smtp.domain.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAILER_ADDRESS_FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user@domain.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Rate Limit Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RATE_LIMIT_TTL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=60 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># In seconds</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RATE_LIMIT_MAX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=100 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Max requests per IP</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#-----------------------Frontend Config------------------------------#</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Base URLs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_BASE_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_SHORTCODE_BASE_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_ADMIN_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://hoppadmin.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Backend URLs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_BACKEND_GQL_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/graphql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_BACKEND_WS_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=wss://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/ws/graphql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_BACKEND_API_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/v1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Terms Of Service And Privacy Policy Links (Optional)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_APP_TOS_LINK</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://docs.hoppscotch.io/support/terms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_APP_PRIVACY_POLICY_LINK</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://docs.hoppscotch.io/support/privacy</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#-----------------------Backend Config------------------------------#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Prisma Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DATABASE_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=postgresql://user:passwd@postgresql:5432/db</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Auth Tokens Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">JWT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">TOKEN_SALT_COMPLEXITY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAGIC_LINK_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">= 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REFRESH_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;604800000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Default validity is 7 days (604800000 ms) in ms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ACCESS_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;86400000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Default validity is 1 day (86400000 ms) in ms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">SESSION_SECRET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Hoppscotch App Domain Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REDIRECT_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">WHITELISTED_ORIGINS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend,https://hoppscotch.example.com,https://hoppadmin.example.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_ALLOWED_AUTH_PROVIDERS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=GITHUB</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Google Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CALLBACK_URL=&quot;http://hoppscotch.example.com:3170/v1/auth/google/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_SCOPE=&quot;email,profilstoryxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Github Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GITHUB_CLIENT_ID</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GITHUB_CALLBACK_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/v1/auth/github/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GITHUB_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user:email&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Microsoft Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CLIENT_ID=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CLIENT_SECRET=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CALLBACK_URL=&quot;http://hoppscotch.example.com:3170/v1/auth/microsoft/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_SCOPE=&quot;user.read&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_TENANT=&quot;common&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Mailer config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAILER_SMTP_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;smtps://user@domain.com:passwd@smtp.domain.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAILER_ADDRESS_FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user@domain.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Rate Limit Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RATE_LIMIT_TTL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=60 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># In seconds</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RATE_LIMIT_MAX</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=100 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Max requests per IP</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#-----------------------Frontend Config------------------------------#</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Base URLs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_BASE_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_SHORTCODE_BASE_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_ADMIN_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://hoppadmin.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Backend URLs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_BACKEND_GQL_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/graphql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_BACKEND_WS_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=wss://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/ws/graphql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_BACKEND_API_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/v1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Terms Of Service And Privacy Policy Links (Optional)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_APP_TOS_LINK</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://docs.hoppscotch.io/support/terms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_APP_PRIVACY_POLICY_LINK</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://docs.hoppscotch.io/support/privacy</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="hoppscotch-example-com-conf" tabindex="-1">hoppscotch.example.com.conf <a class="header-anchor" href="#hoppscotch-example-com-conf" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;hoppscotch.example.com.conf&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">443</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             [::]:443 ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        hoppscotch.example.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># SSL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_certificate </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    /etc/nginx/ssl/hoppscotch.example.com.crt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_certificate_key </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/etc/nginx/ssl/hoppscotch.example.com.key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_session_timeout </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">5m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#请按照以下协议配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_ciphers </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#表示使用的加密套件的类型。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_protocols </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># security</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># logging</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> access_log </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         /var/log/nginx/access.log combined buffer=512k flush=1m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> error_log </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          /var/log/nginx/error.log</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;"> warn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># additional config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/backend/ws/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http://127.0.0.1:53170/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Upgrade $http_upgrade;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Connection </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Upgrade&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">X-Real-IP $remote_addr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/backend/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http://127.0.0.1:53170/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http://127.0.0.1:53000/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># HTTP redirect</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     [::]:80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hoppscotch.example.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">301</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> https://hoppscotch.example.com$request_uri;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">             </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">443</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">             [::]:443 ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">        hoppscotch.example.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># SSL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_certificate </span><span style="color:#24292E;">    /etc/nginx/ssl/hoppscotch.example.com.crt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_certificate_key </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/etc/nginx/ssl/hoppscotch.example.com.key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_session_timeout </span><span style="color:#24292E;">5m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#请按照以下协议配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_ciphers </span><span style="color:#24292E;">ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#表示使用的加密套件的类型。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_protocols </span><span style="color:#24292E;">TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># security</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># logging</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> access_log </span><span style="color:#24292E;">         /var/log/nginx/access.log combined buffer=512k flush=1m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> error_log </span><span style="color:#24292E;">          /var/log/nginx/error.log</span><span style="color:#005CC5;"> warn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># additional config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/backend/ws/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#24292E;">http://127.0.0.1:53170/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">Upgrade $http_upgrade;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">Connection </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Upgrade&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">X-Real-IP $remote_addr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/backend/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#24292E;">http://127.0.0.1:53170/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#24292E;">http://127.0.0.1:53000/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># HTTP redirect</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">     [::]:80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">hoppscotch.example.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">301</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> https://hoppscotch.example.com$request_uri;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="kutt" tabindex="-1">kutt <a class="header-anchor" href="#kutt" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kutt&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/thedevs-network/kutt" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/thedevs-network/kutt</a></p></blockquote><h4 id="docker-compose-yml-1" tabindex="-1">docker-compose.yml <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-compose-yml-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker-compose.yml&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">kutt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kutt/kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">command</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./wait-for-it.sh&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;postgres:5432&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;npm&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3000:3000&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">env_file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DB_HOST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DB_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DB_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DB_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">REDIS_HOST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">redis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis:6.0-alpine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis_data:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">postgres</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres:12-alpine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_DB</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">redis_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">postgres_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">kutt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kutt/kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">command</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./wait-for-it.sh&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;postgres:5432&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;npm&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3000:3000&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">env_file</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">DB_HOST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">DB_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">DB_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">DB_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">REDIS_HOST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">redis</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis:6.0-alpine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis_data:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">postgres</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres:12-alpine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_DB</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">redis_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">postgres_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="env-1" tabindex="-1">.env <a class="header-anchor" href="#env-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.env&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># App port to run on</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">PORT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The name of the site where Kutt is hosted</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">SITE_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=Kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The domain that this website is on</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT_DOMAIN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=kutt.domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Generated link length</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">LINK_LENGTH</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Postgres database credential details</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_HOST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_PORT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=5432</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_SSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Redis host and port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REDIS_HOST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REDIS_PORT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=6379</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REDIS_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REDIS_DB</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Disable registration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DISALLOW_REGISTRATION</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Disable anonymous link creation</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DISALLOW_ANONYMOUS_LINKS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The daily limit for each user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">USER_LIMIT_PER_DAY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=50</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Create a cooldown for non-logged in users in minutes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Set 0 to disable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">NON_USER_COOLDOWN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Max number of visits for each link to have detailed stats</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT_MAX_STATS_PER_LINK</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=5000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Use HTTPS for links with custom domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CUSTOM_DOMAIN_USE_HTTPS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># A passphrase to encrypt JWT. Use a long and secure key.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">JWT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Admin emails so they can access admin actions on settings page</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Comma seperated</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ADMIN_EMAILS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Invisible reCaptcha secret key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Create one in https://www.google.com/recaptcha/intro/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Google Cloud API to prevent from users from submitting malware URLs.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Get it from https://developers.google.com/safe-browsing/v4/get-started</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GOOGLE_SAFE_BROWSING_KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Your email host details to use to send verification emails.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># More info on http://nodemailer.com/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Mail from example &quot;Kutt &lt;support@kutt.it&gt;&quot;. Leave empty to use MAIL_USER</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_HOST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=smtp.domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_PORT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=465</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_SECURE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The email address that will receive submitted reports.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REPORT_EMAIL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Support email to show on the app</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CONTACT_EMAIL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># App port to run on</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">PORT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The name of the site where Kutt is hosted</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">SITE_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=Kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The domain that this website is on</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT_DOMAIN</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=kutt.domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Generated link length</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">LINK_LENGTH</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Postgres database credential details</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_HOST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_PORT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=5432</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_SSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Redis host and port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REDIS_HOST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REDIS_PORT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=6379</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REDIS_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REDIS_DB</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Disable registration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DISALLOW_REGISTRATION</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Disable anonymous link creation</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DISALLOW_ANONYMOUS_LINKS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The daily limit for each user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER_LIMIT_PER_DAY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=50</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Create a cooldown for non-logged in users in minutes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Set 0 to disable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">NON_USER_COOLDOWN</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Max number of visits for each link to have detailed stats</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT_MAX_STATS_PER_LINK</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=5000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Use HTTPS for links with custom domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CUSTOM_DOMAIN_USE_HTTPS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># A passphrase to encrypt JWT. Use a long and secure key.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">JWT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Admin emails so they can access admin actions on settings page</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Comma seperated</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADMIN_EMAILS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Invisible reCaptcha secret key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Create one in https://www.google.com/recaptcha/intro/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Google Cloud API to prevent from users from submitting malware URLs.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Get it from https://developers.google.com/safe-browsing/v4/get-started</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GOOGLE_SAFE_BROWSING_KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Your email host details to use to send verification emails.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># More info on http://nodemailer.com/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Mail from example &quot;Kutt &lt;support@kutt.it&gt;&quot;. Leave empty to use MAIL_USER</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_HOST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=smtp.domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_PORT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=465</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_SECURE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The email address that will receive submitted reports.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REPORT_EMAIL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Support email to show on the app</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CONTACT_EMAIL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="kutt-domain-com-conf" tabindex="-1">kutt.domain.com.conf <a class="header-anchor" href="#kutt-domain-com-conf" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kutt.domain.com.conf&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">443</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             [::]:443 ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        kutt.domain.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># SSL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_certificate </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    /etc/nginx/ssl/kutt.domain.com.crt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_certificate_key </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/etc/nginx/ssl/kutt.domain.com.key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_session_timeout </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">5m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#请按照以下协议配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_ciphers </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#表示使用的加密套件的类型。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_protocols </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># security</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> include </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            nginxconfig.io/security.conf;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># logging</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> access_log </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         /var/log/nginx/access_kutt.log combined buffer=512k flush=1m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> error_log </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          /var/log/nginx/error_kutt.log</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;"> warn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># additional config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#include             nginxconfig.io/general.conf;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http://127.0.0.1:3000;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Host $host;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">X-Real-IP $remote_addr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># HTTP redirect</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     [::]:80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.kutt.domain.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">301</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> https://kutt.domain.com$request_uri;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">             </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">443</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">             [::]:443 ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">        kutt.domain.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># SSL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_certificate </span><span style="color:#24292E;">    /etc/nginx/ssl/kutt.domain.com.crt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_certificate_key </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/etc/nginx/ssl/kutt.domain.com.key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_session_timeout </span><span style="color:#24292E;">5m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#请按照以下协议配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_ciphers </span><span style="color:#24292E;">ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#表示使用的加密套件的类型。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_protocols </span><span style="color:#24292E;">TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># security</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> include </span><span style="color:#24292E;">            nginxconfig.io/security.conf;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># logging</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> access_log </span><span style="color:#24292E;">         /var/log/nginx/access_kutt.log combined buffer=512k flush=1m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> error_log </span><span style="color:#24292E;">          /var/log/nginx/error_kutt.log</span><span style="color:#005CC5;"> warn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># additional config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#include             nginxconfig.io/general.conf;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#24292E;">http://127.0.0.1:3000;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">Host $host;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">X-Real-IP $remote_addr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># HTTP redirect</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">     [::]:80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">.kutt.domain.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">301</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> https://kutt.domain.com$request_uri;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div>`,129),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_\345\256\266\345\272\255\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250home server\346\220\255\345\273\272.md.7513604f.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_\345\256\266\345\272\255\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250home server\346\220\255\345\273\272.md.7513604f.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d46b20e9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_\345\256\266\345\272\255\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\231\250home server\346\220\255\345\273\272.md.7513604f.lean.js"	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as n,c as a,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"家庭服务器home server搭建","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/家庭服务器home server搭建.md","filePath":"tinker/network/家庭服务器home server搭建.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),p={name:"tinker/network/家庭服务器home server搭建.md"},o=l("",129),e=[o];function t(c,r,E,y,i,F){return n(),a("div",null,e)}const h=s(p,[["render",t]]);export{u as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_\345\261\261\347\211\271ups\351\205\215\345\220\210nut\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\226\255\347\224\265\345\256\211\345\205\250\345\205\263\346\234\272.md.0bbd06e0.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_\345\261\261\347\211\271ups\351\205\215\345\220\210nut\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\226\255\347\224\265\345\256\211\345\205\250\345\205\263\346\234\272.md.0bbd06e0.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa162f2e4
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_\345\261\261\347\211\271ups\351\205\215\345\220\210nut\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\226\255\347\224\265\345\256\211\345\205\250\345\205\263\346\234\272.md.0bbd06e0.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const E=JSON.parse('{"title":"山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机.md","filePath":"tinker/network/山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"tinker/network/山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机.md"},l=p(`<h1 id="山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机" tabindex="-1">山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机 <a class="header-anchor" href="#山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>搞了7*24小时服务器之后经历了两次突然断电，每次重启磁盘检查都要卡很久，夏天一到用电量骤升，市电断电和跳闸的几率都增加了。万一多来几次突然断电，磁盘阵列可能要挂了，更关键的是数据无价啊，ups还是少不了。</p><h2 id="选择" tabindex="-1">选择 <a class="header-anchor" href="#选择" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;选择&quot;">​</a></h2><p>因为不是成品nas系统，想实现自动关机得依靠linux上已有的软件。而我对<code>apcupsd</code> 这款软件有所耳闻，所以第一选择就去看了新款的<code>apc bk650m2-ch</code> ，快下单了才得知新款不支持apcupsd，然后就听网友的建议看了山特的<code>box600</code>和<code>box850</code> ，山特这个型号有两排插座，一排防雷+不断电，一排是防雷，还省了了插排钱，自带的usb通讯端口可以通过<code>nut</code> 软件进行管理，实现自动关机以及自定义脚本执行等功能，虽然电池容量小了点，但是能省就省吧，最后下单了box600。</p><h2 id="nut安装及配置" tabindex="-1">nut安装及配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#nut安装及配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;nut安装及配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>ups机器本身没什么可讲的，把附带的rj45接ups，usb线接主机，再把主机电源插在ups的不断电插口上，接着给ups通电即可。主要介绍下nut的使用和配置。</p><h3 id="安装nut" tabindex="-1">安装nut <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装nut" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装nut&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>apt install nut</code></p><h3 id="配置驱动" tabindex="-1">配置驱动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置驱动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置驱动&quot;">​</a></h3><p>首先可以用<code>lsusb</code>命令查看是否接入了ups，能看到ups即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220524232436626.png" alt="image-20220524232436626"></p><p>然后编辑ups配置文件<code>vim /etc/nut/ups.conf</code>,增加配置如下</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">maxretry = 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">[santak]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        driver = usbhid-ups</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        port = auto</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        desc = &quot;my ups&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">maxretry = 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">[santak]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        driver = usbhid-ups</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        port = auto</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        desc = &quot;my ups&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>santak是ups的设备名，可以自定义，后续有些命令这个设备名还会用到</p><h3 id="配置nut服务" tabindex="-1">配置nut服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置nut服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置nut服务&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="新建ups用户" tabindex="-1">新建ups用户 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新建ups用户" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新建ups用户&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>vim /etc/nut/upsd.users</code>新增配置</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">[ups]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        password = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        upsmon master</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">[ups]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        password = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        upsmon master</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>ups</code>为用户名，<code>xxx</code>为密码，<code>upsmon master</code>为运行模式</p><h4 id="配置权限" tabindex="-1">配置权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置权限&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root:nut</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsd.conf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsd.users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0640</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsd.conf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsd.users</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chown</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root:nut</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsd.conf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsd.users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0640</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsd.conf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsd.users</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="启动nut服务" tabindex="-1">启动nut服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动nut服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动nut服务&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>vim /etc/nut/nut.conf</code>修改模式为单机</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">MODE=standalone</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">MODE=standalone</span></span></code></pre></div><p>启动upsd服务</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/sbin/upsd</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/sbin/upsd</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="查看ups信息" tabindex="-1">查看ups信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看ups信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看ups信息&quot;">​</a></h4><p>查看全部</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/bin/upsc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">santak@localhost</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 这里的santak就是上面的设备名</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/bin/upsc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">santak@localhost</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 这里的santak就是上面的设备名</span></span></code></pre></div><p>查看某个信息在后面接信息类别就行，例如查看电量</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/bin/upsc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">santak@127.0.0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">battery.charge</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">without</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">certificate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">database</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">100</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/bin/upsc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">santak@127.0.0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">battery.charge</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Init</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">without</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">certificate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">database</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">100</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="设置自动关机" tabindex="-1">设置自动关机 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置自动关机" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置自动关机&quot;">​</a></h2><p>nut服务会在UPS发送<code>LOWBATT</code>时通知机器关机，触发时机默认为ups电量剩余<code>20%</code> 。我们需要添加upsmon配置<code>vim /etc/nut/upsmon.conf</code></p><p>在<code>MONITOR</code>监视器部分添加配置</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">MONITOR santak@localhost 1 ups xxx master</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># MONITOR 设备名@ip 1 用户名 密码 节点</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">MONITOR santak@localhost 1 ups xxx master</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># MONITOR 设备名@ip 1 用户名 密码 节点</span></span></code></pre></div><p>授权</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root:nut</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsmon.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0640</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsmon.conf</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chown</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root:nut</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsmon.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0640</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsmon.conf</span></span></code></pre></div><p>启动upsmon</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/sbin/upsmon</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/sbin/upsmon</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="自定义脚本" tabindex="-1">自定义脚本 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义脚本" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义脚本&quot;">​</a></h2><p>实际上配置完上面的内容已经可以实现断电时安全关机了，但喜欢折腾的还可以自定义触发事件的脚本</p><h3 id="修改upsmon配置" tabindex="-1">修改upsmon配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改upsmon配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改upsmon配置&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>vim /etc/nut/upsmon.conf</code>添加内容</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">NOTIFYCMD /sbin/upssched</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">NOTIFYCMD /sbin/upssched</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个配置的作用是发生事件是运行<code>upssched</code>程序</p><p>设置触发条件,三个动作分别是记录日志+通知所有用户发生了事件+执行notifycmd，也就是<code>/sbin/upssched</code></p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">NOTIFYFLAG ONBATT SYSLOG+WALL+EXEC</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">NOTIFYFLAG ONBATT SYSLOG+WALL+EXEC</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="配置upssched" tabindex="-1">配置upssched <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置upssched" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置upssched&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>vim /etc/nut/upssched.conf</code>编辑内容</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">CMDSCRIPT /usr/local/bin/upssched</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">PIPEFN /usr/local/bin/nut/upssched/upssched.pipe</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">LOCKFN /usr/local/bin/nut/upssched/upssched.lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">AT ONBATT * START-TIMER power-off 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">AT ONLINE * CANCEL-TIMER power-off</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">CMDSCRIPT /usr/local/bin/upssched</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">PIPEFN /usr/local/bin/nut/upssched/upssched.pipe</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">LOCKFN /usr/local/bin/nut/upssched/upssched.lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">AT ONBATT * START-TIMER power-off 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">AT ONLINE * CANCEL-TIMER power-off</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这段配置通过CMDSCRIPT指定了发生事件时需要执行的脚本，这个脚本可以根据需求自定义，在断电时(ONBATT/电池供电) 会启动一个10秒的timer，之后会执行power-off事件，这里涉及的文件nut用户都需要配置权限</p><h3 id="编写脚本" tabindex="-1">编写脚本 <a class="header-anchor" href="#编写脚本" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编写脚本&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这个可以自定义，例如发邮件等操作，这里展示最基本的脚本格式，例如power-off事件发生时，将<code>断电了</code> 信息写入指定文件，还可以调用ups的指令<code>/sbin/upsmon -c fsd</code>执行立刻关机操作 (FSD = &quot;Forced Shutdown&quot;)</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#! /bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">$1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  power-off)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===============断电了===============&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/bin/r.txt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#/sbin/upsmon -c fsd #立即通知关机</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">logger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">upssched</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unrecognized command: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">esac</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#! /bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">$1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  power-off)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===============断电了===============&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/bin/r.txt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#/sbin/upsmon -c fsd #立即通知关机</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">logger</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">upssched</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unrecognized command: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">esac</span></span></code></pre></div>`,55),o=[l];function c(t,r,i,d,u,h){return a(),n("div",null,o)}const b=s(e,[["render",c]]);export{E as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_\345\261\261\347\211\271ups\351\205\215\345\220\210nut\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\226\255\347\224\265\345\256\211\345\205\250\345\205\263\346\234\272.md.0bbd06e0.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_\345\261\261\347\211\271ups\351\205\215\345\220\210nut\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\226\255\347\224\265\345\256\211\345\205\250\345\205\263\346\234\272.md.0bbd06e0.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fade1b4ac
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_\345\261\261\347\211\271ups\351\205\215\345\220\210nut\345\256\236\347\216\260\346\226\255\347\224\265\345\256\211\345\205\250\345\205\263\346\234\272.md.0bbd06e0.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as n,Q as p}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const E=JSON.parse('{"title":"山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机.md","filePath":"tinker/network/山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),e={name:"tinker/network/山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机.md"},l=p("",55),o=[l];function c(t,r,i,d,u,h){return a(),n("div",null,o)}const b=s(e,[["render",c]]);export{E as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_\347\247\273\345\212\250\345\205\211\347\214\253\346\224\271\346\241\245\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.2aa1abbb.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_\347\247\273\345\212\250\345\205\211\347\214\253\346\224\271\346\241\245\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.2aa1abbb.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8056623b0
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_\347\247\273\345\212\250\345\205\211\347\214\253\346\224\271\346\241\245\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.2aa1abbb.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as t,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"移动光猫改桥接模式","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/移动光猫改桥接模式.md","filePath":"tinker/network/移动光猫改桥接模式.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"tinker/network/移动光猫改桥接模式.md"},l=o('<h1 id="移动光猫改桥接模式" tabindex="-1">移动光猫改桥接模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#移动光猫改桥接模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;移动光猫改桥接模式&quot;">​</a></h1><p>坐标广东，移动千兆宽带，服务商的光猫是带路由功能的，但是性能极差，且跑不满带宽。然后我就在公司福利商城买了个小米的A4路由器千兆版，但是拨号还是光猫，然后就动手折腾了下，光猫改桥接模式，拨号功能改为路由器执行。这样把光猫和路由器指责剥离开来，光猫就负责光转电，路由器则进行拨号和提供Wi-Fi功能。</p><h2 id="具体操作" tabindex="-1">具体操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#具体操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;具体操作&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="拿到光猫后台的超级管理员账户密码" tabindex="-1">拿到光猫后台的超级管理员账户密码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#拿到光猫后台的超级管理员账户密码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;拿到光猫后台的超级管理员账户密码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>从网上找到的：</p><p>账号：<code>CMCCAdmin</code></p><p>密码：<code>aDm8H%MdA</code></p><p>这个可能各地不同，如果不行就要找宽带安装师傅或者移动问了。</p><h3 id="用管理员登录后台修改配置" tabindex="-1">用管理员登录后台修改配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#用管理员登录后台修改配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;用管理员登录后台修改配置&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>选择网络tab页，在宽带设置中找到名字带有INTERNET的那个连接，这个链接应该是路由模式，把使能单选去掉，把选中的lan口也去掉， 记录下这个通道的vlanid备用，然后点击修改保存，这时候就把拨号禁用了。</li><li>新建一个连接，选择桥模式即桥接模式，勾选使能单选，勾选原来连接选中的lan口，填上刚才记录的vlanid，修改保存。</li></ol><h3 id="登录路由器后台修改配置" tabindex="-1">登录路由器后台修改配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#登录路由器后台修改配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;登录路由器后台修改配置&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>将路由上网模式改为PPPoE拨号模式，输入自己的宽带账号密码，移动宽带账号为<code>手机号@139.gd</code>，密码如果不知道可以去移动app上修改宽带密码，输入后点击保存，路由器应该就可以可以进行拨号了</li></ol><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>网络上有些教程说的是直接删掉光猫原有的那个路由模式连接配置，千万别这么干，一定要按照我这种方案取消使能和lan口的操作。这样只是相当于把那个连接禁用了，并不会删除，万一自己配置路由拨号不顺利，还可以重新启用原有的连接进行上网。如果删了，自己又没配置好，那就芭比Q了。</p></div>',13),r=[l];function n(d,c,s,_,h,p){return e(),t("div",null,r)}const k=a(i,[["render",n]]);export{u as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_network_\347\247\273\345\212\250\345\205\211\347\214\253\346\224\271\346\241\245\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.2aa1abbb.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_network_\347\247\273\345\212\250\345\205\211\347\214\253\346\224\271\346\241\245\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.2aa1abbb.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0aba7df25
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_network_\347\247\273\345\212\250\345\205\211\347\214\253\346\224\271\346\241\245\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.2aa1abbb.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as t,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"移动光猫改桥接模式","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/network/移动光猫改桥接模式.md","filePath":"tinker/network/移动光猫改桥接模式.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"tinker/network/移动光猫改桥接模式.md"},l=o("",13),r=[l];function n(d,c,s,_,h,p){return e(),t("div",null,r)}const k=a(i,[["render",n]]);export{u as __pageData,k as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_vm_PVE\345\274\202\345\270\270\345\205\263\346\234\272\345\220\216\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\243\200\346\237\245\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.3f3e77d8.js" "b/assets/tinker_vm_PVE\345\274\202\345\270\270\345\205\263\346\234\272\345\220\216\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\243\200\346\237\245\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.3f3e77d8.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..340382c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_vm_PVE\345\274\202\345\270\270\345\205\263\346\234\272\345\220\216\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\243\200\346\237\245\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.3f3e77d8.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as e,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"PVE虚拟机异常关机后磁盘检查处理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/vm/PVE异常关机后磁盘检查处理.md","filePath":"tinker/vm/PVE异常关机后磁盘检查处理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"tinker/vm/PVE异常关机后磁盘检查处理.md"},l=o('<h1 id="pve虚拟机异常关机后磁盘检查处理" tabindex="-1">PVE虚拟机异常关机后磁盘检查处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pve虚拟机异常关机后磁盘检查处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;PVE虚拟机异常关机后磁盘检查处理&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>pve虚拟机因为断电异常关机后，会出现重启无法进入系统的问题，并提示磁盘检查相关的异常，例如我碰到的提示</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">The</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">filesystem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/mapper/pve-root</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">requires</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">manual</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">fsck</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">The</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">filesystem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/mapper/pve-root</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">requires</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">manual</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">fsck</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="处理" tabindex="-1">处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;处理&quot;">​</a></h2><p>手动执行fsck命令<code>fsck -y /dev/mapper/pve-root</code>即可</p>',6),p=[l];function t(r,c,E,i,d,y){return a(),e("div",null,p)}const F=s(n,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_vm_PVE\345\274\202\345\270\270\345\205\263\346\234\272\345\220\216\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\243\200\346\237\245\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.3f3e77d8.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_vm_PVE\345\274\202\345\270\270\345\205\263\346\234\272\345\220\216\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\243\200\346\237\245\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.3f3e77d8.lean.js"
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index 000000000..2d4df911a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_vm_PVE\345\274\202\345\270\270\345\205\263\346\234\272\345\220\216\347\243\201\347\233\230\346\243\200\346\237\245\345\244\204\347\220\206.md.3f3e77d8.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as e,Q as o}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const h=JSON.parse('{"title":"PVE虚拟机异常关机后磁盘检查处理","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/vm/PVE异常关机后磁盘检查处理.md","filePath":"tinker/vm/PVE异常关机后磁盘检查处理.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"tinker/vm/PVE异常关机后磁盘检查处理.md"},l=o("",6),p=[l];function t(r,c,E,i,d,y){return a(),e("div",null,p)}const F=s(n,[["render",t]]);export{h as __pageData,F as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_vm_VMWare\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\232\204\345\207\240\347\247\215\347\275\221\347\273\234\350\277\236\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.cdde96bc.js" "b/assets/tinker_vm_VMWare\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\232\204\345\207\240\347\247\215\347\275\221\347\273\234\350\277\236\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.cdde96bc.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b7ed41ba
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_vm_VMWare\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\232\204\345\207\240\347\247\215\347\275\221\347\273\234\350\277\236\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.cdde96bc.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as t,Q as r}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/vm/VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式.md","filePath":"tinker/vm/VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"tinker/vm/VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式.md"},o=r('<h1 id="vmware虚拟机的几种网络连接模式" tabindex="-1">VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#vmware虚拟机的几种网络连接模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="简单结论" tabindex="-1">简单结论 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简单结论" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简单结论&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>桥接模式：虚拟网络内的虚拟机都可以互相访问且能与物理机及外网设备访问，相当于一台独立的主机</li><li>NAT模式：外网设备都无法访问虚拟机，但是虚拟机可以访问</li><li>仅主机模式：虚拟机无法访问外网，只能和宿主机通信</li></ul><p>安装完VMWare后，会自动生成两个虚拟网卡：</p><ul><li>VMnet1：host网卡，用于host方式连接网络</li><li>VMnet8：NAT网卡，用于NAT方式连接网络，ip地址是随机生成的</li></ul><h2 id="区别" tabindex="-1">区别 <a class="header-anchor" href="#区别" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;区别&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="桥接模式" tabindex="-1">桥接模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#桥接模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;桥接模式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>桥接模式分为两种模式：</p><ul><li>直接把虚拟机的网卡接到物理网络，这种方法是虚拟机的网卡直接与物理机网卡进行通信 <ul><li>不推荐，有时候可能虚拟机无法连接到互联网</li></ul></li><li>选择特定虚拟网络，选择在虚拟网络编辑器中配置的桥接模式网卡，这种方法是通过一个虚拟网络进行桥接，相当于在<strong>虚拟网卡</strong>和<strong>物理机网卡</strong>之间加了一个虚拟网络VMnet0，VMnet0可以选择桥接的网卡是有线网卡还是无线网卡，如果物理机使用无线网卡上网，选择了有线网卡，虚拟机就无法上网，一般选择自动，让VMnet0自动选择能上网的网卡。</li></ul><p>桥接是虚拟机的网卡直接把数据包交给物理机的物理网卡进行处理，虚拟机必须有自己的ip、dns、网关信息</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421232404355.png" alt="image-20220421232404355"></p><h3 id="nat模式" tabindex="-1">NAT模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#nat模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;NAT模式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>NAT（Network Address Translation），网络地址转换，相当于在虚拟机和物理机之间添加了一个交换机，拥有NAT地址转换功能，能够自动把虚拟机的IP转换为与物理机在同一网段的IP。VMnet8是NAT模式，自带DHCP功能，能给虚拟机分配IP地址。能够实现虚拟机和物理机相互通信，虚拟机和外网通信，但是不能外网到虚拟机通信，如果想让虚拟机作为服务器不能选择该模式。</p><blockquote><p><em>DHCP</em>（动态主机配置协议）是一个局域网的网络协议。指的是由服务器控制一段IP地址范围，客户机登录服务器时就可以自动获得服务器分配的IP地址和子网掩码。</p></blockquote><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421232842082.png" alt="image-20220421232842082"></p><h3 id="仅主机模式" tabindex="-1">仅主机模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#仅主机模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;仅主机模式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>内部虚拟机连接到一个可提供 DHCP 功能的虚拟网卡VMnet1上去，VMnet1相当于一个交换机，将虚拟机发来的数据包转发给物理网卡，但是物理网卡不会将该数据包向外转发。所以仅主机模式只能用于虚拟机与虚拟机之间、虚拟机与物理机之间的通信。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421232923906.png" alt="image-20220421232923906"></p><h3 id="lan区段" tabindex="-1">LAN区段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#lan区段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;LAN区段&quot;">​</a></h3><p>相当于模拟出一个交换机或者集线器出来，把不同虚拟机连接起来，与物理机不进行数据交流，与外网也不进行数据交流，构建一个独立的网络。没有 DHCP 功能，需要手工配置 IP 或者单独配置 DHCP 服务器。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421232954352.png" alt="image-20220421232954352"></p><h2 id="nat模式连不上网的解决" tabindex="-1">nat模式连不上网的解决 <a class="header-anchor" href="#nat模式连不上网的解决" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;nat模式连不上网的解决&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li>vmware编辑-&gt; 虚拟网络编辑器重建nat网络，把之前的删掉，新建的同样选择VMnet8</li><li>如果还不能启动，去windows服务里查看<code>VMware DHCP Service</code>、<code>VMware NAT Service</code>、<code>VMware Workstation Server</code>服务开启，如果处于停止状态则启动，此外，要把VMnet8的ipv4地址和dns设置为自动获取</li></ol>',23),l=[o];function n(s,c,h,d,m,p){return e(),t("div",null,l)}const g=a(i,[["render",n]]);export{u as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_vm_VMWare\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\232\204\345\207\240\347\247\215\347\275\221\347\273\234\350\277\236\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.cdde96bc.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_vm_VMWare\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\232\204\345\207\240\347\247\215\347\275\221\347\273\234\350\277\236\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.cdde96bc.lean.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..929e0b826
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_vm_VMWare\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\347\232\204\345\207\240\347\247\215\347\275\221\347\273\234\350\277\236\346\216\245\346\250\241\345\274\217.md.cdde96bc.lean.js"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as a,o as e,c as t,Q as r}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const u=JSON.parse('{"title":"VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/vm/VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式.md","filePath":"tinker/vm/VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),i={name:"tinker/vm/VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式.md"},o=r("",23),l=[o];function n(s,c,h,d,m,p){return e(),t("div",null,l)}const g=a(i,[["render",n]]);export{u as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_vm_\345\256\211\350\243\205PVE\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\345\271\266\345\234\250PVE\345\256\211\350\243\205truenas.md.6ea975a8.js" "b/assets/tinker_vm_\345\256\211\350\243\205PVE\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\345\271\266\345\234\250PVE\345\256\211\350\243\205truenas.md.6ea975a8.js"
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3ffa53d6
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/assets/tinker_vm_\345\256\211\350\243\205PVE\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\345\271\266\345\234\250PVE\345\256\211\350\243\205truenas.md.6ea975a8.js"
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import{_ as s,o as a,c as p,Q as l}from"./chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"安装PVE虚拟机并在PVE安装truenas","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"tinker/vm/安装PVE虚拟机并在PVE安装truenas.md","filePath":"tinker/vm/安装PVE虚拟机并在PVE安装truenas.md","lastUpdated":1697196012000}'),n={name:"tinker/vm/安装PVE虚拟机并在PVE安装truenas.md"},o=l(`<h1 id="安装pve虚拟机并在pve安装truenas" tabindex="-1">安装PVE虚拟机并在PVE安装truenas <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装pve虚拟机并在pve安装truenas" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装PVE虚拟机并在PVE安装truenas&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="安装pve" tabindex="-1">安装PVE <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装pve" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装PVE&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="制作系统安装盘" tabindex="-1">制作系统安装盘 <a class="header-anchor" href="#制作系统安装盘" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;制作系统安装盘&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>下载rufus</li><li>下载pve最新镜像</li><li>rufus选择镜像并刷写到自己的U盘中</li></ol><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p>一般的系统选择iso镜像模式写入，安装pve需要选择dd镜像模式写入</p></div><h3 id="安装系统" tabindex="-1">安装系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装系统&quot;">​</a></h3><p>等待刷写完毕按照正常U盘安装系统流程安装，注意ip网关等配置即可</p><h2 id="pve中安装truenas-scale" tabindex="-1">PVE中安装Truenas Scale <a class="header-anchor" href="#pve中安装truenas-scale" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;PVE中安装Truenas Scale&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="上传iso镜像" tabindex="-1">上传iso镜像 <a class="header-anchor" href="#上传iso镜像" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;上传iso镜像&quot;">​</a></h3><p>官网下载truenas scale系统镜像，打开pve的配置地址，点击上传后选择下载好的镜像文件并上传</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104118496.png" alt="image-20220424104118496"></p><h2 id="创建虚拟机" tabindex="-1">创建虚拟机 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建虚拟机" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建虚拟机&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104248209.png" alt="image-20220424104248209"></p><p>操作系统选择刚上传的镜像</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104316127.png" alt="image-20220424104316127"></p><p>系统tab页默认即可，磁盘这里要注意<strong>总线/设备选择sata0，磁盘大小选择16即可，这里是分了一个虚拟的系统盘，不需要太大，因为truenas系统的系统引导盘和存储是分开的，分的太大在truenas中也无法用于存储</strong></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104359163.png" alt="image-20220424104359163"></p><p>cpu根据情况设置，内存最小8G，建议尽可能大，truenas scale官方建议最好16G，因为truenas的文件系统很依赖内存。</p><h3 id="安装truenas" tabindex="-1">安装truenas <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装truenas" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装truenas&quot;">​</a></h3><p>启动刚创建的虚拟机，在选择系统安装盘界面按空格选中刚分配的16G磁盘，选择ok即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104822972.png" alt="image-20220424104822972"></p><p>然后输入root密码，安装完后选择3重启</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104905506.png" alt="image-20220424104905506"></p><p>随后等待系统安装完毕</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104940291.png" alt="image-20220424104940291"></p><p>输入9选择关机</p><h3 id="给truenas分配存储盘" tabindex="-1">给truenas分配存储盘 <a class="header-anchor" href="#给truenas分配存储盘" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给truenas分配存储盘&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>最简单的办法，直接添加虚拟硬盘</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424105115934.png" alt="image-20220424105115934"></p><p>总线这里序号会默认自增，存储选择磁盘，我这里是只有一个固态硬盘，磁盘大小根据实际情况选择即可，添加即完成了虚拟硬盘的添加。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424105147413.png" alt="image-20220424105147413"></p><ol start="2"><li><p>硬盘直通</p><p>1）直通单个硬盘</p><p>因为我这台测试机器只有一个固态硬盘，pve系统也装在这上面，所以无法用硬盘的直通，如果有多个机械盘，想直通给truenas，可以使用以下命令</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-l</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看硬盘名称</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ls</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-l</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看硬盘名称</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424105554763.png" alt="image-20220424105554763"></p><p>这里sda对应就是我的唯一一个硬盘，后面的sda1、2、3都是分区，可以忽略，记录下磁盘名称ata-WDC_WD10EZEX-08WN4A0_WD-WCC6Y6EDC1NT，执行命令进行直通</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">qm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-sata1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ata-WDC_WD10EZEX-08WN4A0_WD-WCC6Y6EDC1NT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">update</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">VM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-sata1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ata-WDC_WD10EZEX-08WN4A0_WD-WCC6Y6EDC1NT</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">qm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-sata1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ata-WDC_WD10EZEX-08WN4A0_WD-WCC6Y6EDC1NT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">update</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">VM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-sata1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ata-WDC_WD10EZEX-08WN4A0_WD-WCC6Y6EDC1NT</span></span></code></pre></div><p>看到这个返回信息即为直通成功，回到虚拟机下面可以看到已经新增了一个sata硬盘</p><p>命令拆解：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">qm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vm编号</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-总线编号</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">磁盘路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vm编号为pve虚拟机中的编号，例如100，101，102等</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">总线编号为指定编号下要新增的硬盘总线编号，例如虚拟机下只有一个硬盘sata0，要新增的就是sata1，这里就要填sata1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">磁盘路径</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">就是/dev/disk/by-id/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">我们上一步保存的硬盘名称</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">qm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vm编号</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-总线编号</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">磁盘路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vm编号为pve虚拟机中的编号，例如100，101，102等</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">总线编号为指定编号下要新增的硬盘总线编号，例如虚拟机下只有一个硬盘sata0，要新增的就是sata1，这里就要填sata1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">磁盘路径</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">就是/dev/disk/by-id/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">我们上一步保存的硬盘名称</span></span></code></pre></div><p>2）添加PCI设备，直通sata控制器</p><p><strong>Proxmox VE(PVE)系统直通SATA Controller(SATA 控制器)，会把整个sata总线全部直通过去，就是直接将南桥或者直接把北桥连接的sata总线直通，那么有些主板sata接口就会全部被直通。</strong></p><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p>如果PVE系统安装在sata硬盘中，会导致PVE无法启动，所以在直通sata控制器前要确认自己的PVE系统安装位置，或者直接安装到NVMe硬盘中</p></div></li></ol><p>​ <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220425090446637.png" alt="image-20220425090446637"></p><ol start="3"><li>删除直通设备</li></ol><p><code>qm set vm编号 -delete 设备名</code>，例如要删除设备ID为100的虚拟机下直通的sata1</p><p>那就是<code>qm set 100 -delete sata1</code></p>`,36),e=[o];function t(r,c,i,E,y,d){return a(),p("div",null,e)}const h=s(n,[["render",t]]);export{g as __pageData,h as default};
diff --git "a/assets/tinker_vm_\345\256\211\350\243\205PVE\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\345\271\266\345\234\250PVE\345\256\211\350\243\205truenas.md.6ea975a8.lean.js" "b/assets/tinker_vm_\345\256\211\350\243\205PVE\350\231\232\346\213\237\346\234\272\345\271\266\345\234\250PVE\345\256\211\350\243\205truenas.md.6ea975a8.lean.js"
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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _docker_Docker-compose_docker-compose%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="docker-compose语法" tabindex="-1">docker-compose语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-compose语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker-compose语法&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="基础模板" tabindex="-1">基础模板 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础模板" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础模板&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p><a href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/03-compose-file/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/03-compose-file/</a></p></blockquote><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3.8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># version是compose文件格式版本号 需要和Docker Engine对应 https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">service1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">image_name:version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定镜像</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">service1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#容器名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:							 #</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">指定环境变量</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">A=1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">B=2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">always</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#重启策略</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:                   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#数据卷挂载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:                     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#端口映射配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;6610:6610&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;6611:6611&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">privileged</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将服务容器配置为以提升的权限运行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">links</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:                      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#定义到另一个服务中的容器的网络链接,可以在此容器直接用服务名访问另一个容器，links也有服务之间的隐式依赖关系，因此也决定了服务启动的顺序。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">service2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">env_file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	- </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./a.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	- </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./b.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">devices</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/dev/sda:/dev/xvda:rwm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     - </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8.8.8.8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">service2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:                     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#构建配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定包含Dockerfile的目录或一个git仓库的url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dockerfile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">webapp.Dockerfile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定要使用的Dockerfile名称，默认找Dockerfile，和dockerfile_inline参数不能同时使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dockerfile_inline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#直接在compose文件里写Dockerfile指令 和dockerfile参数不能同时使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">FROM xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RUN some command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">service2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">network_mode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;host&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#配置网络模式，none(禁用所有容器网络)/host(使用宿主接口)/service:{name}(只能访问指定服务)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定容器连接的docker网络</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	- </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">netA</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	- </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">netB</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#依赖某个服务，决定了服务的启动和关闭顺序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	- </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">service3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3.8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># version是compose文件格式版本号 需要和Docker Engine对应 https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">service1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">image_name:version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定镜像</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">service1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#容器名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:							 #</span><span style="color:#032F62;">指定环境变量</span><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">A=1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">B=2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">always</span><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#重启策略</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:                   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#数据卷挂载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:                     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#端口映射配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;6610:6610&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;6611:6611&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">privileged</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将服务容器配置为以提升的权限运行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">links</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:                      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#定义到另一个服务中的容器的网络链接,可以在此容器直接用服务名访问另一个容器，links也有服务之间的隐式依赖关系，因此也决定了服务启动的顺序。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">service2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">env_file</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	- </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./a.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	- </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./b.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">devices</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/dev/sda:/dev/xvda:rwm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">dns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     - </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8.8.8.8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">service2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:                     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#构建配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#22863A;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定包含Dockerfile的目录或一个git仓库的url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dockerfile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">webapp.Dockerfile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定要使用的Dockerfile名称，默认找Dockerfile，和dockerfile_inline参数不能同时使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dockerfile_inline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#直接在compose文件里写Dockerfile指令 和dockerfile参数不能同时使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">FROM xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">RUN some command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">service2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">network_mode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;host&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#配置网络模式，none(禁用所有容器网络)/host(使用宿主接口)/service:{name}(只能访问指定服务)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#指定容器连接的docker网络</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	- </span><span style="color:#032F62;">netA</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	- </span><span style="color:#032F62;">netB</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#依赖某个服务，决定了服务的启动和关闭顺序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	- </span><span style="color:#032F62;">service3</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/docker/Docker-compose/docker-compose语法.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/docker/Docker/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>常用指令</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Docker Compose</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docker/Docker-compose/docker-compose%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>docker-compose语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _docker_Docker_Dockerfile%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="dockerfile语法" tabindex="-1">Dockerfile语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dockerfile语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Dockerfile语法&quot;">​</a></h1><p>Docker可以通过读取Dockerfile中的指令自动构建映像。Dockerfile是一个文本文档，其中包含用户在命令行上调用来组装镜像的所有命令。</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-dockerfile vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dockerfile</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 注释</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">INSTRUCTION arguments</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 注释</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">INSTRUCTION arguments</span></span></code></pre></div><p>指令大小写不敏感，所以使用小写也不影响构建，但习惯上都将指令大写用于区分指令和参数。</p><p>Dockerfile必须以<code>FROM</code>指令开始(特殊情况：ARG指令）。</p><blockquote><div class="language-dockerfile vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dockerfile</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ARG</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  CODE_VERSION=latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> base:${CODE_VERSION}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CMD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  /code/run-app</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ARG</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  CODE_VERSION=latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> base:${CODE_VERSION}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CMD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  /code/run-app</span></span></code></pre></div></blockquote><h3 id="支持环境变量替换的指令" tabindex="-1">支持环境变量替换的指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#支持环境变量替换的指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;支持环境变量替换的指令&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>ADD</code></li><li><code>COPY</code></li><li><code>ENV</code></li><li><code>EXPOSE</code></li><li><code>FROM</code></li><li><code>LABEL</code></li><li><code>STOPSIGNAL</code></li><li><code>USER</code></li><li><code>VOLUME</code></li><li><code>WORKDIR</code></li><li><code>ONBUILD</code></li></ul><blockquote><div class="language-dockerfile vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dockerfile</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> busybox</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ENV</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FOO=/bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ${FOO}   # WORKDIR /bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> . $FOO       # ADD . /bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \$FOO /quux # COPY $FOO /quux</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> busybox</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ENV</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FOO=/bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ${FOO}   # WORKDIR /bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> . $FOO       # ADD . /bar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">COPY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \$FOO /quux # COPY $FOO /quux</span></span></code></pre></div></blockquote><h2 id="基本模板" tabindex="-1">基本模板 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本模板" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本模板&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-dockerfile vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dockerfile</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> image_name:version </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> alias1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># FROM [--platform=&lt;platform&gt;] &lt;image&gt;[:&lt;tag&gt;] [AS &lt;name&gt;] 一个Dockerfile中FROM可以多次出现 用于构建多个镜像或者将一个构建阶段用作另一个构建阶段的依赖项</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAINTAINER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> storyxc #维护文档的人,现在用LABEL xxx=xxx代替了</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RUN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xxx </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RUN &lt;command&gt; shell格式，默认在linux上使用/bin/sh -c执行，windows上 cmd /S /C执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RUN [&#39;executable&#39;, &#39;param1&#39;, &#39;param2&#39;] exec格式 </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Deploy Biliup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> python:3.9 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> alias2</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ENV</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENV指定环境变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">EXPOSE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 19159/tcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">EXPOSE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 19149/udp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 注明暴露的端口，只是声明作用，实际没有功能</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hom* /mydir/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD指令用于向镜像内拷贝文件 目录 不仅能复制本机的文件，也能将远程URL的资源复制到镜像中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [--checksum=&lt;checksum&gt;] &lt;src&gt;... &lt;dest&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [&quot;&lt;src&gt;&quot;,... &quot;&lt;dest&gt;&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD可以识别压缩格式，把可解压的文件解压为目录，远程URL资源不会被解压</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VOLUME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /opt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定创建一个具有指定名称的挂载点 可以使用JSON数组格式 或多个参数纯字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> --from=alias1 /dir1 /dir2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># COPY [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] &lt;src&gt;... &lt;dest&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># COPY [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [&quot;&lt;src&gt;&quot;,... &quot;&lt;dest&gt;&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /opt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># WORKDIR指定工作目录，如果没有则会被创建，如果WORKDIR后出现了相对路径，都是相对WORKDIR的</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CMD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;param1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;param2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD指令有三种格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD [&quot;executable&quot;,&quot;param1&quot;,&quot;param2&quot;]  exec格式 最常用，不会有变量替换，需要变量替换需要使用shell格式或类似[&quot;shell&quot;, &quot;-c&quot;, &quot;e cho $HOME&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD [&quot;param1&quot;,&quot;param2&quot;] 作为ENTRYPOINT的默认参数，如果是这个用法 那么ENTRYPOINT指令也要用JSON数组的格式书写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD command param1 param2 shell格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 一个Dockerfile中只能有一个CMD指令，如果写了多个那么只有最后一个生效</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ENTRYPOINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;biliup&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENTRYPOINT [&quot;executable&quot;, &quot;param1&quot;, &quot;param2&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> image_name:version </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> alias1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># FROM [--platform=&lt;platform&gt;] &lt;image&gt;[:&lt;tag&gt;] [AS &lt;name&gt;] 一个Dockerfile中FROM可以多次出现 用于构建多个镜像或者将一个构建阶段用作另一个构建阶段的依赖项</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAINTAINER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> storyxc #维护文档的人,现在用LABEL xxx=xxx代替了</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RUN</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xxx </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RUN &lt;command&gt; shell格式，默认在linux上使用/bin/sh -c执行，windows上 cmd /S /C执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RUN [&#39;executable&#39;, &#39;param1&#39;, &#39;param2&#39;] exec格式 </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Deploy Biliup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> python:3.9 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> alias2</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ENV</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENV指定环境变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXPOSE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 19159/tcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXPOSE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 19149/udp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 注明暴露的端口，只是声明作用，实际没有功能</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hom* /mydir/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD指令用于向镜像内拷贝文件 目录 不仅能复制本机的文件，也能将远程URL的资源复制到镜像中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [--checksum=&lt;checksum&gt;] &lt;src&gt;... &lt;dest&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [&quot;&lt;src&gt;&quot;,... &quot;&lt;dest&gt;&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ADD可以识别压缩格式，把可解压的文件解压为目录，远程URL资源不会被解压</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VOLUME</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /opt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定创建一个具有指定名称的挂载点 可以使用JSON数组格式 或多个参数纯字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">COPY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> --from=alias1 /dir1 /dir2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># COPY [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] &lt;src&gt;... &lt;dest&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># COPY [--chown=&lt;user&gt;:&lt;group&gt;] [--chmod=&lt;perms&gt;] [&quot;&lt;src&gt;&quot;,... &quot;&lt;dest&gt;&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /opt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># WORKDIR指定工作目录，如果没有则会被创建，如果WORKDIR后出现了相对路径，都是相对WORKDIR的</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CMD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;param1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;param2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD指令有三种格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD [&quot;executable&quot;,&quot;param1&quot;,&quot;param2&quot;]  exec格式 最常用，不会有变量替换，需要变量替换需要使用shell格式或类似[&quot;shell&quot;, &quot;-c&quot;, &quot;e cho $HOME&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD [&quot;param1&quot;,&quot;param2&quot;] 作为ENTRYPOINT的默认参数，如果是这个用法 那么ENTRYPOINT指令也要用JSON数组的格式书写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># CMD command param1 param2 shell格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 一个Dockerfile中只能有一个CMD指令，如果写了多个那么只有最后一个生效</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ENTRYPOINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;biliup&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENTRYPOINT [&quot;executable&quot;, &quot;param1&quot;, &quot;param2&quot;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230324223443650.png" alt="image-20230324223443650"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/docker/Docker/Dockerfile语法.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/docker/Docker/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>常用指令</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _docker_Docker_%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="常用指令" tabindex="-1">常用指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常用指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常用指令&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="安装" tabindex="-1">安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://get.docker.com</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sh</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://get.docker.com</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sh</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="dockerfile给ubuntu换源" tabindex="-1">Dockerfile给ubuntu换源 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dockerfile给ubuntu换源" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Dockerfile给ubuntu换源&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-dockerfile vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">dockerfile</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RUN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sed -i s@/archive.ubuntu.com/@/mirrors.aliyun.com/@g /etc/apt/sources.list</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RUN</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sed -i s@/archive.ubuntu.com/@/mirrors.aliyun.com/@g /etc/apt/sources.list</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="macos运行容器时同步宿主机时间" tabindex="-1">macOS运行容器时同步宿主机时间 <a class="header-anchor" href="#macos运行容器时同步宿主机时间" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;macOS运行容器时同步宿主机时间&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ls</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-la</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/localtime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cut</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d/</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f8-9</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ls</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-la</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /etc/localtime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cut</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d/</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f8-9</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="macos中容器访问宿主机" tabindex="-1">MacOS中容器访问宿主机 <a class="header-anchor" href="#macos中容器访问宿主机" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MacOS中容器访问宿主机&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以用<code>host.docker.internal</code>来访问宿主机</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://docs.docker.com/desktop/networking/#use-cases-and-workarounds" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.docker.com/desktop/networking/#use-cases-and-workarounds</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="构建跨平台镜像" tabindex="-1">构建跨平台镜像 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构建跨平台镜像" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构建跨平台镜像&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="docker-buildx" tabindex="-1">docker buildx <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-buildx" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker buildx&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建builder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cross-platform-builder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--driver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-container</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--use</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行构建</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--platform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linux/amd64,linux/arm64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">镜像名:tag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-o </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">type=registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">--push]</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看推送到远程的镜像信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">buildx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">imagetools</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">inspect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">镜像名:tag</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建builder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">create</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cross-platform-builder</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--driver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-container</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--use</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行构建</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--platform</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linux/amd64,linux/arm64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">镜像名:tag</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-o </span><span style="color:#032F62;">type=registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">--push]</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看推送到远程的镜像信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">buildx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">imagetools</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">inspect</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">镜像名:tag</span></span></code></pre></div><p>buildx 实例通过两种方式来执行构建任务，两种执行方式被称为使用不同的「驱动」：</p><ul><li><code>docker</code> 驱动：使用 Docker 服务程序中集成的 BuildKit 库执行构建。</li><li><code>docker-container</code> 驱动：启动一个包含 BuildKit 的容器并在容器中执行构建。</li></ul><p><code>docker</code> 驱动无法使用一小部分 <code>buildx</code> 的特性（如在一次运行中同时构建多个平台镜像），此外在镜像的默认输出格式上也有所区别：<code>docker</code> 驱动默认将构建结果以 Docker 镜像格式直接输出到 <code>docker</code> 的镜像目录（通常是 <code>/var/lib/overlay2</code>），之后执行 <code>docker images</code> 命令可以列出所输出的镜像；而 <code>docker container</code> 则需要通过 <code>--output</code> 选项指定输出格式为镜像或其他格式。</p><p><code>docker buildx build</code> 支持丰富的输出行为，通过<code>--output=[PATH,-,type=TYPE[,KEY=VALUE]</code> 选项可以指定构建结果的输出类型和路径等，常用的输出类型有以下几种：</p><ul><li>local：构建结果将以文件系统格式写入 <code>dest</code> 指定的本地路径， 如 <code>--output type=local,dest=./output</code>。</li><li>tar：构建结果将在打包后写入 <code>dest</code> 指定的本地路径。</li><li>oci：构建结果以 OCI 标准镜像格式写入 <code>dest</code> 指定的本地路径。</li><li>docker：构建结果以 Docker 标准镜像格式写入 <code>dest</code> 指定的本地路径或加载到 <code>docker</code> 的镜像库中。同时指定多个目标平台时无法使用该选项。</li><li>image：以镜像或者镜像列表输出，并支持 <code>push=true</code> 选项直接推送到远程仓库，同时指定多个目标平台时可使用该选项。</li><li>registry：<code>type=image,push=true</code> 的精简表示。</li></ul><blockquote><p><a href="https://waynerv.com/posts/building-multi-architecture-images-with-docker-buildx/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://waynerv.com/posts/building-multi-architecture-images-with-docker-buildx/</a></p></blockquote></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/docker/Docker/常用指令.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/docker/Docker/Dockerfile%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Dockerfile语法</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/docker/Docker-compose/docker-compose%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>docker-compose语法</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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d="M17,19H3c-0.6,0-1-0.4-1-1s0.4-1,1-1h14c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1S17.6,19,17,19z"></path></svg><span class="menu-text" data-v-79c8c1df>Menu</span></button><div class="VPLocalNavOutlineDropdown" style="--vp-vh:0px;" data-v-79c8c1df data-v-1c15a60a><button data-v-1c15a60a>Return to top</button><!----></div></div><aside class="VPSidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-b00e2fdd><div class="curtain" data-v-b00e2fdd></div><nav class="nav" id="VPSidebarNav" aria-labelledby="sidebar-aria-label" tabindex="-1" data-v-b00e2fdd><span class="visually-hidden" id="sidebar-aria-label" data-v-b00e2fdd> Sidebar Navigation </span><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg 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level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Webpack</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>jQuery</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>框架</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_base_CSS" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="css" tabindex="-1">CSS <a class="header-anchor" href="#css" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CSS&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="css特性" tabindex="-1">CSS特性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#css特性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CSS特性&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>继承性</li><li>层叠性</li><li>优先级：<code>继承 &lt; 通配符选择器 &lt; 标签选择器 &lt; 类选择器 &lt; id选择器 &lt; 行内样式 &lt; !important</code><ul><li><code>!important</code>写在属性值后面，分号前面</li><li><code>!important</code>不能提升继承的优先级，只要是继承优先级最低</li><li>复合选择器需要根据权重叠加计算（行内样式个数，id选择器个数，类选择器个数，标签选择器个数）</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>书写顺序：浏览器执行效率更高</p><ol><li>浮动 / display</li><li>盒子模型 margin border padding 宽高背景色</li><li>文字样式</li></ol></blockquote><h2 id="选择器" tabindex="-1">选择器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#选择器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;选择器&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>标签选择器 <code>tagName { css }</code></p></li><li><p>类选择器: <code>.class { css }</code></p></li><li><p>id选择器: <code>#id { css }</code></p></li><li><p>通配符选择器: <code>* { css }</code></p></li><li><p>复合选择器</p><ul><li>后代选择器: <code>选择器1 选择器2 { css }</code><ul><li>后代包含所有：子、孙子。。</li></ul></li><li>子代选择器: <code>选择器1 &gt; 选择器2 { css }</code><ul><li>只包括子</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>属性选择器: <code>选择器[attribute=xxx]</code></p></li><li><p>并集选择器: <code>选择器1,选择器2 { css }</code></p></li><li><p>交集选择器: <code>选择器1选择器2 { css }</code></p><ul><li>如果有标签选择器，标签选择器必须写在最前面</li></ul></li><li><p>伪类选择器: <code>标签:伪类选择器 { css }</code></p><ul><li><p>伪类</p><ul><li>状态（hover/active..)</li><li>结构（fisrt-child/last-child/nth-child()/nth-last-child())</li></ul></li><li><p>伪对象</p><ul><li><p>页面中非主体内容可以使用伪对象，由css模拟出标签效果</p></li><li><p><code>::before</code>、<code>::after</code></p></li><li><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.content::before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;test1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.content::after</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;test2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.content::before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;test1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.content::after</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;test2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>默认是行内元素，content必须添加 否则伪对象不生效</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="字体和文本样式" tabindex="-1">字体和文本样式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字体和文本样式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字体和文本样式&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="字体样式" tabindex="-1">字体样式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字体样式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字体样式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>字体大小：font-size</p><ul><li>取值：数字+px，Google Chrome默认16px</li></ul></li><li><p>字体粗细：font-weight</p><ul><li>关键字：normal/bold/bolder/lighter</li><li>数字：100-900的整百数，正常400 加粗700</li></ul></li><li><p>字体样式：font-style</p><ul><li>正常：normal</li><li>倾斜：italic</li></ul></li><li><p>字体类型：font-family</p><ul><li>从左往右查找，如果未安装，则显示下一个，如果都不支持则显示最后字体系列的默认字体，多个字体推荐引号包裹，最后一个字体系列不需要引号</li></ul></li><li><p>字体类型：属性连写</p><ul><li>style weight size family</li><li>只能省略前两个，省略相当于设置默认值</li><li>如果同时使用单独和连写，要么把单独的写在连写下面，或者写在连写里面</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="文本样式" tabindex="-1">文本样式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文本样式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文本样式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>文本缩进：text-indent</p><ul><li>取值：数字+px或者数字+em，推荐使用em（1em = 当前标签font-size的大小）</li></ul></li><li><p>文本水平对齐方式（内容对齐方式）：text-align</p><ul><li>left/center/right</li><li>如果需要让文本水平居中，text-align属性给文本所在的标签设置</li><li>能让哪些元素水平居中：文本、span、a、input、img，需要给元素的父元素设置居中</li></ul></li><li><p>文本修饰：text-decoration</p><ul><li>underline 下划线</li><li>line-through 删除线</li><li>overline 上划线</li><li>none 无装饰线</li></ul></li><li><p>行高：line-heigh</p><ul><li>行高：上间距+文本高度+下间距</li><li>控制两行文字之间的距离</li><li>取值：数字+px / 倍数 （当前标签font-size的倍数）</li><li>应用： <ul><li>让单行文本垂直居中可以设置line-height：文字父元素高度</li><li>网页精准布局会设置<code>line-height：1;</code>可以取消上下间距</li></ul></li><li>行高和font连写的注意点： <ul><li>如果同时设置了行高和font连写，需要注意覆盖问题</li><li><code>font: style weight size/line-height family;</code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="背景属性" tabindex="-1">背景属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景属性&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="背景色" tabindex="-1">背景色 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景色" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景色&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>属性：backgroud-color</p></li><li><p>取值：</p><ul><li>关键字</li><li>rgb</li><li>rgba</li><li>十六进制</li></ul></li><li><p>默认是透明：rgba(0,0,0,0)、transparent</p></li></ul><h3 id="背景图" tabindex="-1">背景图 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景图" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景图&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：backgroud-image</li><li>backgroud-image: url(&#39;图片链接&#39;)</li><li>url可以省略引号</li><li>背景图默认水平和垂直方向平铺</li></ul><h3 id="背景平铺" tabindex="-1">背景平铺 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景平铺" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景平铺&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：background-repeat</li><li>取值：repeat、no-repeat、repeat-x、repeat-y</li></ul><h3 id="背景位置" tabindex="-1">背景位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景位置&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>background-position</li><li>取值 <ul><li>方位： <ul><li>水平：left、center、right</li><li>垂直：top、center、bottom</li></ul></li><li>数字+px <ul><li>坐标系原点(0,0)，图片左上角</li><li>x轴 水平向右（图片向左移动取负数、向右移动取正数）</li><li>y轴 垂直向下（图片向上移动取负数、向下移动取正数）</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>方位和坐标可以混用，第一个值为水平，第二个值为垂直</li></ul><h3 id="背景属性连写" tabindex="-1">背景属性连写 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景属性连写" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景属性连写&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>background: color image repeat position</li></ul><h2 id="元素显示模式" tabindex="-1">元素显示模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素显示模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素显示模式&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="元素显示模式-1" tabindex="-1">元素显示模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素显示模式-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素显示模式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>块级元素 <ul><li>显示特点：独占一行，宽度默认是父元素宽度，高度默认由内容撑开，可以设置宽、高</li><li>代表标签：div、p、h、ul、li、dl、dt、dd、form、header、nav、footer。。。</li></ul></li><li>行内元素 <ul><li>显示特点：一行可以显示多个，宽度和高度默认由内容撑开，不能设置宽、高</li><li>代表标签：a、span、b、u、i、s、strong、ins、em、del。。。</li></ul></li><li>行内块元素 <ul><li>显示特点：一行可以显示多个，可以设置宽、高</li><li>代表标签：input、textarea、button、select</li><li>特殊：img标签有行内块特点，但是Chrome显示是inline</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="元素显示模式转换" tabindex="-1">元素显示模式转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素显示模式转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素显示模式转换&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">span</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">inline-block</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">inline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">block</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">span</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">inline-block</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">inline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">button</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">block</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="盒子模型" tabindex="-1">盒子模型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#盒子模型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;盒子模型&quot;">​</a></h2><p>页面中的每一个标签都可以看作一个“盒子”，通过盒子的视角更方便的进行布局。</p><p>每个盒子分别由：内容区域（content）、内边距区域（padding）、边框区域（border)、外边距区域（margin）构成。</p><hr><ul><li>内容区域宽高：weight/height <ul><li>取值 数字+px</li></ul></li><li>边框：border <ul><li>border：10px solid red;</li><li>border-top/bottom/left/right</li></ul></li><li>内边距：padding <ul><li>四方向顺序：上 右 下 左 （从上顺时针取值）</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>border和padding会撑大盒子，css属性box-sizing: border-box; 可以设置内减模式</p></blockquote><ul><li><p>外边距：margin</p><ul><li><p>顺序和padding一样</p></li><li><p>清除默认的内外边距</p><ul><li><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>版心居中</p><ul><li><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">margin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">auto</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#main</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">margin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">auto</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>顺序： 宽高背景色-&gt; 放内容 -&gt; 调整位置 -&gt; 调整文字细节</p></blockquote><ul><li><p>外边距问题</p></li><li><p>折叠现象：垂直布局的块级元素，上下的margin会被合并，取两者的最大值</p></li><li><p>塌陷现象：互相嵌套的块级元素，子元素的margin-top会作用在父元素上</p><ul><li>解决：1.父元素设置border-top或者padding-top(分隔父子元素的margin-top) 2.父元素设置<code>overflow: hidden;</code>3.转换为行内块元素4.设置浮动</li></ul></li><li><p>行内元素的内外边距问题：如果想通过margin/padding改变行内元素的<strong>垂直</strong>（top/bottom）位置，无法生效</p><ul><li>解决：设置行高</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="浮动" tabindex="-1">浮动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#浮动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;浮动&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="标准流" tabindex="-1">标准流 <a class="header-anchor" href="#标准流" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;标准流&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>标准流：又称文档流，浏览器在渲染显示网页内容时默认采取的一套排版规则，规定了何种方式排列元素 <ul><li>块级元素：从上往下，垂直布局，独占一行</li><li>行内元素/行内块元素：从左往右，水平布局，空间不够自动折行</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="浮动作用" tabindex="-1">浮动作用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#浮动作用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;浮动作用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>早期：图文环绕</li><li>现在：网页布局</li></ul><blockquote><p>块级元素转行内块时 换行会产生空格</p></blockquote><h3 id="浮动的规则" tabindex="-1">浮动的规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#浮动的规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;浮动的规则&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>向左浮动或者向右浮动直到<strong>自己的边界紧贴着包含块</strong>（一般是父元素）或者<strong>其他浮动元素的边界</strong>为止</p></li><li><p>不能超出包含块，如果元素是向左（右）浮动，浮动元素的左（右）边界不能超出包含块的左（右）边界</p></li><li><p>浮动元素不能层叠</p><ul><li>如果一个元素浮动，另一个浮动元素已经在那个位置了，后浮动的元素将<strong>紧贴着前一个浮动元素</strong>（左浮找左浮，右浮找右浮）</li><li><strong>如果水平方向剩余的空间不够显示浮动元素，浮动元素将向下移动，直到有充足的空间为止</strong></li></ul></li><li><p>浮动元素会将行内级元素内容推出</p><ul><li><p>浮动元素<strong>不能与行内级内容层叠</strong>，行内级内容将会被浮动元素推出</p></li><li><p>比如<strong>行内级元素</strong>、<strong>inline-block元素</strong>、块级元素的<strong>文字内容</strong></p></li><li><p>图文环绕效果</p></li></ul></li><li><p>浮动只能左右浮动, 不能超出本行的高度</p><ul><li>行内级元素、inline-block元素浮动后，其顶部将与所在行的顶部对齐</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="浮动特点" tabindex="-1">浮动特点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#浮动特点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;浮动特点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>浮动元素会脱离标准流，在标准流中不占位置 <ul><li>相当于从地面飘到了空中</li></ul></li><li>浮动元素比标准流高半个级别，可以覆盖标准流中的元素</li><li>浮动找浮动，下一个浮动元素会在上一个浮动元素后面左右浮动</li><li>浮动元素有特殊的显示效果 <ul><li>一行可以显示多个</li><li>可以设置宽高</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>浮动的元素不能通过text-align: center 或者margin: 0 auto居中</p></blockquote><h3 id="清除浮动" tabindex="-1">清除浮动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#清除浮动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;清除浮动&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>含义：清除浮动带来的影响。如果子元素浮动，此时子元素不能撑开标准流的块级父元素</p></li><li><p>原因：子元素浮动后脱离标准流 -&gt; 不占位置</p></li><li><p>目的：需要父元素有高度，不影响其他元素的布局</p></li><li><p>方法：</p><ul><li><p>给父元素加高度</p></li><li><p>额外标签：给父元素内容的最后加一个块级元素，给添加的块级元素设置<code>clear: both;</code></p></li><li><p>单伪元素：用伪元素代替额外标签</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">block</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">both</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">displat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">block</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">both</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">visibility</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">hidden</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">block</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">both</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">displat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">block</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">both</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">visibility</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">hidden</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>双伪元素：</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.clearfix::before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 解决外边距塌陷问题 */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">both</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.clearfix::before</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 解决外边距塌陷问题 */</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">table</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.clearfix::after</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">both</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>父元素设置overflow: hidden</p><blockquote><p>BFC（Block Formatting Context）全称是块级格式化上下文，用于对块级元素排版，默认情况下只有根元素（body）一个块级上下文，但是如果一个块级元素设置了float:left,overflow:hidden或position:absolute样式，就会为这个块级元素生产一个独立的块级上下文，使这个块级元素内部的排版完全独立。</p><p>作用：独立的块级上下文可以包裹浮动流，全部浮动子元素也不会引起容器高度塌陷，就是说包含块会把浮动元素的高度也计算在内，所以就不用清除浮动来撑起包含块的高度。</p><p>那什么时候会触发 BFC 呢？常见的情况如下：</p><p>• 根元素；</p><p>• float的值不为none；</p><p>• overflow的值为auto、scroll或hidden；</p><p>• display的值为table-cell、table-caption和inline-block中的任何一个；</p><p>• position的值不为relative和static。</p></blockquote></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="定位" tabindex="-1">定位 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定位" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定位&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="作用" tabindex="-1">作用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#作用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;作用&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>可以让元素自由的摆放在网页的任意位置</li><li>一般用于盒子之间的层叠情况</li></ol><h3 id="常见应用场景" tabindex="-1">常见应用场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常见应用场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常见应用场景&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>可以解决盒子与盒子之间层叠问题 <ul><li>定位后的元素层级最高，可以层叠在其他盒子上面</li></ul></li><li>可以让盒子始终固定带屏幕中的某个位置</li></ul><h3 id="使用" tabindex="-1">使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>设置定位方式</p><ul><li><p>属性名：<code>position</code></p></li><li><p>常见属性：</p><ul><li><p>静态定位：static</p><ul><li>元素处于标准流中，默认设置</li></ul></li><li><p>相对定位：relative，相对自己之前的位置进行移动</p><ul><li>需要配合方位属性实现移动</li><li>相对自己原来的位置移动</li><li>在页面中占位置（没有脱标）</li><li>应用场景：1.配合绝对定位（子绝对 父相对） 2.用于小范围移动</li></ul></li><li><p>绝对定位：absolute，先找已经定位的父级（逐级查找），如果有这样的父级就以这个父级为参照定位，有父级但父级没有定位则以浏览器为参照定位</p><ul><li><p>页面中<strong>不占位置（脱标）</strong></p></li><li><p>改变标签的显示模式特点，<strong>具备行内块特点</strong></p></li><li><p>绝对定位的元素不能使用<code>margin: 0 auto</code>居中</p><ul><li><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">position: absolute;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">left: 50%;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">top: 50%;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">transform: translate(-50%, -50%);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">position: absolute;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">left: 50%;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">top: 50%;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">transform: translate(-50%, -50%);</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>固定定位：fixed，相对于浏览器进行定位移动</p><ul><li>需要配合方位属性实现移动</li><li>相对浏览器可视区域进行移动</li><li>在页面中<strong>不占位置（脱标）</strong>，<strong>具备行内块特点</strong></li><li>应用场景：让盒子固定在屏幕中某个位置</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>设置偏移值</p><ul><li>偏移值分为两个方向，水平和垂直方向各选一个使用即可，水平以left为准，垂直以top为准</li><li>选取原则一般是就近原则</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="元素层级问题" tabindex="-1">元素层级问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素层级问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素层级问题&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="不同布局方式元素的层级关系" tabindex="-1">不同布局方式元素的层级关系 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不同布局方式元素的层级关系" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不同布局方式元素的层级关系&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>标准流 &lt; 浮动 &lt; 定位</li></ul><h4 id="不同定位之间的层级关系" tabindex="-1">不同定位之间的层级关系 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不同定位之间的层级关系" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不同定位之间的层级关系&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>相对、绝对、固定默认层级相同</li><li>此时默认HTML中写在下面的元素层级更高，会覆盖上面的元素</li><li>z-index（配合定位才生效）：整数，取值越大，层级越高，显示顺序越靠上，z-index默认为0</li></ul><h2 id="定位装饰" tabindex="-1">定位装饰 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定位装饰" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定位装饰&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="垂直对齐方式" tabindex="-1">垂直对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#垂直对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;垂直对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：vertical-align</li><li>取值：baseline(默认，基线对齐)、top（顶部对齐）、middle（中部对齐）、bottom（底部对齐）</li></ul><blockquote><p>浏览器遇到行内和行内块标签当作文字处理，默认文字按照基线对齐</p></blockquote><h3 id="光标类型" tabindex="-1">光标类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#光标类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;光标类型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：cursor</li><li>常见取值： <ul><li>default（默认，通常是箭头）</li><li>pointer（小手，提示可以点击）</li><li>text（工字型，提示可以选择）</li><li>move（十字光标，提示可以移动）</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="边框圆角" tabindex="-1">边框圆角 <a class="header-anchor" href="#边框圆角" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;边框圆角&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>属性：border-radius</p></li><li><p>常见取值：数字+px、百分比</p></li><li><p>赋值：从左上角开始，顺时针赋值，没有赋值的看对角</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>正圆：正方形盒子，border-radius: 50%</p><p>胶囊按钮：长方形盒子，border-radius: 高度的一半</p><p>百分比表示的是圆角半径的大小为盒子较小边长的一半，例如盒子宽200px，高100px，border-radius: 50% 50%; 则这两个50%都是相对于100px的。</p></blockquote><h3 id="溢出部分显示效果" tabindex="-1">溢出部分显示效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#溢出部分显示效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;溢出部分显示效果&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：overflow</li><li>常见取值： <ul><li>visible 默认值，可见</li><li>hidden 隐藏</li><li>scroll 始终显示滚动条</li><li>auto 自动显示、隐藏滚动条</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="元素本身隐藏" tabindex="-1">元素本身隐藏 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素本身隐藏" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素本身隐藏&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性： <ul><li>visibility: hidden(占位隐藏)</li><li>display: none（不占位隐藏）</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="元素整体透明度" tabindex="-1">元素整体透明度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素整体透明度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素整体透明度&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：opacity</li><li>取值：0-1之间数字，1完全不透明，0完全透明</li><li>特点：opacity会让元素整体透明，包括里面的文字、子元素等</li></ul><h2 id="补充" tabindex="-1">补充 <a class="header-anchor" href="#补充" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;补充&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="精灵图" tabindex="-1">精灵图 <a class="header-anchor" href="#精灵图" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;精灵图&quot;">​</a></h3><p>CSS精灵图是一种将多个小的背景图片合并到一张大图中的技术，通过CSS的background-position属性控制显示不同的小图片，达到减少HTTP请求、减小页面大小、提高加载速度的效果。</p><p>CSS精灵图可以将多个小背景图像合并为一张大图，这样在页面上加载一次大图后，就可以通过background-position属性来控制显示不同的小图像，实现了将多个HTTP请求转化为一次请求，减小了网络延迟和服务器压力。同时，由于减少了HTTP请求和加载的内容大小，减小了页面的带宽消耗，加快了网页的加载速度，提高了用户的体验感受。</p><p>在web前端开发中，经常使用CSS精灵图技术，特别是在一些需要大量小icon的场合，如网站菜单栏、按钮、分页等等。</p><h3 id="背景图片大小" tabindex="-1">背景图片大小 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景图片大小" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景图片大小&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>设置背景图片的大小：<code>background-size: 宽 高</code></p></li><li><p>取值</p><ul><li>数字+px</li><li>百分比</li><li>contain：等比例缩放，直到不会超出盒子的最大</li><li>cover：等比例缩放，直到刚好填满整个盒子</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="background连写" tabindex="-1">background连写 <a class="header-anchor" href="#background连写" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;background连写&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>backgound：color image repeat position/size</code></p><h3 id="盒子阴影" tabindex="-1">盒子阴影 <a class="header-anchor" href="#盒子阴影" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;盒子阴影&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：<code>box-shadow</code></li><li>取值 <ul><li>h-shadow：必须，水平偏移量，允许负值</li><li>v-shadow：必须，垂直偏移量，允许负值</li><li>blur：可选，模糊度</li><li>spread：可选，阴影扩大</li><li>color：可选，阴影颜色</li><li>inset：可选，改为内部阴影</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="过渡" tabindex="-1">过渡 <a class="header-anchor" href="#过渡" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;过渡&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：<code>transition</code></li><li>作用：让元素样式慢慢变化，常配合hover使用</li><li>常见取值 <ul><li>过渡属性：all（所有能过渡的属性都过渡）、具体属性名如width（只有width过渡）</li><li>过渡时长： 数字+s</li></ul></li><li>注意点 <ul><li>默认状态和hover状态样式不同才有过渡效果</li><li>transition属性需要给过渡的元素本身加</li><li>transition属性设置在不同状态中，效果不同 <ul><li>给默认状态设置，鼠标移入移出都有效果</li><li>给hover状态设置，只有移入有过渡效果</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>.box {</p><p>​ width: 200px;</p><p>​ height: 200px;</p><p>​ background-color: pink;</p><p>​ /<em>transition: all 1s</em>/</p><p>​ transition: width 1s, background-color 2s;</p><p>}</p><p>.box hover {</p><p>​ width: 600px;</p><p>​ background-color: red;</p><p>}</p></blockquote><h3 id="字体图标" tabindex="-1">字体图标 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字体图标" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字体图标&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>展示的是图标，实质是文字，用作处理简单的、颜色单一的图片</p></li><li><p>iconfont</p></li><li><p><code>&lt;link rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; href=&quot;./iconfont.css&quot;</code></p></li><li><p><code>&lt;span class=&quot;iconfont icon-kuaijiezhifu&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</code></p></li></ul><h3 id="平面转换" tabindex="-1">平面转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#平面转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;平面转换&quot;">​</a></h3><p>平面转换（2D转换）：改变盒子在平面内的形态，可以使用transform属性实现元素的位移、旋转、缩放等效果</p><h4 id="位移" tabindex="-1">位移 <a class="header-anchor" href="#位移" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;位移&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>transform: translate(水平移动距离, 垂直移动距离)</code></li><li>取值： 1.像素单位数值 2.百分比（参照为自身盒子尺寸）</li><li>只给一个值代表x轴位移，单独设置:tranlateX() / translateY()</li></ul><h4 id="旋转" tabindex="-1">旋转 <a class="header-anchor" href="#旋转" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;旋转&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>语法：<code>transform: rotate(度数 + deg);</code> 正数：顺时针；负数：逆时针</li><li>transform-origin <ul><li>作用：改变转换的原点，默认的原点是盒子中心点</li><li><code>transform-origin: 原点水平位置 原点垂直位置</code></li><li>取值：方位名词（left、top、right、bottom、center</li><li>像素</li><li>百分比</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="多重转换" tabindex="-1">多重转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多重转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多重转换&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>transform: translate() rotate()</code></p><blockquote><p>rotate会改变坐标轴向，位移方向会受影响</p><p>多重转换如果涉及旋转，旋转往最后写</p></blockquote><h4 id="缩放" tabindex="-1">缩放 <a class="header-anchor" href="#缩放" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;缩放&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>scale：改变元素尺寸</li><li>语法：<code>transform: scale(x轴缩放倍数, y轴缩放倍数) </code></li><li>一般transform: scale(缩放倍数)，等比缩放</li><li>scale大于1表示放大，小于1表示缩小</li></ul><h4 id="渐变" tabindex="-1">渐变 <a class="header-anchor" href="#渐变" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;渐变&quot;">​</a></h4><p>linear-gradient</p><h3 id="空间转换" tabindex="-1">空间转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空间转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空间转换&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在空间内位移、旋转、缩放等效果</p><h4 id="空间位移" tabindex="-1">空间位移 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空间位移" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空间位移&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>transform: tranlate3d(x,y,z)</code></p><blockquote><p>单个坐标轴<code>transform: translat[X|Y|Z]</code></p></blockquote><h4 id="透视" tabindex="-1">透视 <a class="header-anchor" href="#透视" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;透视&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用perspective(视距)属性实现透视效果，<strong>添加给父级元素</strong>，取值一般800-1200</p><h4 id="空间旋转" tabindex="-1">空间旋转 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空间旋转" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空间旋转&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>transform: rotateX()</code></p><p><code>transform: rotateY()</code></p><p><code>transform: rotateZ()</code></p><p><code>transform: rotate3d(x,y,z,角度度数)</code>：用来设置自定义旋转轴的位置及旋转角度，xyz取值为0-1之间的数字</p><h4 id="立体呈现" tabindex="-1">立体呈现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#立体呈现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;立体呈现&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用<code>transform-style： perserve-3d</code>呈现立体图形</p><ul><li><p>父元素添加<code>transform-style： perserve-3d</code>使子集元素处于3d空间</p></li><li><p>默认值flat，表示子元素处于2D平面</p></li></ul><h4 id="空间缩放" tabindex="-1">空间缩放 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空间缩放" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空间缩放&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>transform: scaleX()</code></p><p><code>transform: scaleY()</code></p><p><code>transform: scaleY()</code></p><p><code>transform: scale3d(x,y,z)</code></p><h3 id="动画" tabindex="-1">动画 <a class="header-anchor" href="#动画" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;动画&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>animation</code>实现多个状态间的变化过程，动画过程可控（重复播放、最终画面、是否暂停）</p><h4 id="实现步骤" tabindex="-1">实现步骤 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现步骤" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现步骤&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li><p>定义动画</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@keyframes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">动画名称</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@keyframes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">动画名称</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 百分比指的是动画总时长的占比 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">0%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">10%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">15%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">100%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@keyframes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">动画名称</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@keyframes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">动画名称</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 百分比指的是动画总时长的占比 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">0%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">10%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">15%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">100%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>使用动画: <code>animation: 动画名称 动画花费时长</code></p></li></ol><h4 id="动画属性" tabindex="-1">动画属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#动画属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;动画属性&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>animation: 动画名称 动画时长 速度曲线 延迟时间 重复次数 动画方向 执行完毕时状态 播放状态</code></p><ul><li>动画名称和动画时长必须赋值</li><li>取值不分先后顺序</li><li>如果有2个时间，第一个表示动画时长，第二个表示延迟时间</li></ul><blockquote><ul><li>animation-name:</li><li>animation-duration</li><li>animation-timing-function:ease;ease-in;ease-out;ease-in-out;linear;step;</li><li>animation-delay</li><li>animation-iteration-count: 1,2,..infinite;</li><li>animation-direction: normal;reverse;alternate;alternate-reverse;</li><li>animation-fill-mode: forward;backward;both;</li><li>animation-play-state: pause;running;</li><li>animation-</li></ul></blockquote><h4 id="多组动画" tabindex="-1">多组动画 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多组动画" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多组动画&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>animation: 动画1,动画2...,动画n</code>;</p><h2 id="" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;&quot;">​</a></h2><h2 id="flex布局" tabindex="-1">flex布局 <a class="header-anchor" href="#flex布局" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;flex布局&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>是一种浏览器提倡的布局模型</li><li>布局网页更简单、灵活</li><li>避免了<code>浮动</code>脱标的问题</li></ul><h3 id="组成部分" tabindex="-1">组成部分 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组成部分" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组成部分&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>弹性容器</li><li>弹性项</li><li>主轴</li><li>侧轴/交叉轴</li></ul><h4 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">display: flex;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">display: flex;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="主轴对齐方式" tabindex="-1">主轴对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#主轴对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;主轴对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="主轴整体对齐" tabindex="-1">主轴整体对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#主轴整体对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;主轴整体对齐&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>justify-content</p></li><li><p>取值：</p><ul><li>left/right</li><li>start/end</li><li>flex-start</li><li>flex-end</li><li>center</li><li>space-between</li><li>space-around</li><li>space-evenly</li><li>first/last baseline</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="主轴单行对齐方式" tabindex="-1">主轴单行对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#主轴单行对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;主轴单行对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>justify-items：相当于给给每个项设置默认的justify-self值</li></ul><h4 id="主轴单个对齐方式" tabindex="-1">主轴单个对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#主轴单个对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;主轴单个对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>justify-self</li></ul><h3 id="侧轴对齐方式" tabindex="-1">侧轴对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侧轴对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侧轴对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="侧轴多行整体对齐" tabindex="-1">侧轴多行整体对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侧轴多行整体对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侧轴多行整体对齐&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>属性：align-content</li></ul><h4 id="侧轴单行对齐方式" tabindex="-1">侧轴单行对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侧轴单行对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侧轴单行对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>属性：align-items，相当于给每个项设置默认的align-self值</li><li>取值： <ul><li>center</li><li>stretch: 拉伸,默认值</li><li>start/end</li><li>flex-start/flex-end</li><li>self-[start/end]</li><li>first/last baseline</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="侧轴单个对齐方式" tabindex="-1">侧轴单个对齐方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侧轴单个对齐方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侧轴单个对齐方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>属性：align-self</li></ul><h3 id="伸缩比" tabindex="-1">伸缩比 <a class="header-anchor" href="#伸缩比" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;伸缩比&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：<code>flex </code></li><li>说明: flex是<code>flex-grow</code>（增长系数）、<code>flex-shrink</code>（收缩系数）和<code>flex-basis</code>（初始尺寸）三个属性的简写，第一个无单位数代表flex-grow、第二无单位数代表flex-shrink，带像素单位的是flex-basis的值</li></ul><h3 id="修改主轴方向" tabindex="-1">修改主轴方向 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改主轴方向" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改主轴方向&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：flex-direction</li><li>取值： <ul><li>row</li><li>column</li><li>row-reverse</li><li>column-reverse</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="弹性项换行" tabindex="-1">弹性项换行 <a class="header-anchor" href="#弹性项换行" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;弹性项换行&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>属性：flex-wrap</li><li>取值： <ul><li>nowrap</li><li>wrap</li><li>wrap-reverse</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="flex-flow" tabindex="-1">flex-flow <a class="header-anchor" href="#flex-flow" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;flex-flow&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>flex-flow：flex-direction flex-wrap;</li></ul><h2 id="移动适配" tabindex="-1">移动适配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#移动适配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;移动适配&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="rem" tabindex="-1">rem <a class="header-anchor" href="#rem" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;rem&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>相对单位</li><li>rem单位是相对HTML标签的字号计算结果</li><li>1rem=1HTML字号大小</li><li>将网页等分成10份，HTML标签的字号为视口宽度的1/10</li><li>px单位数值/基准根字号</li></ul><h3 id="媒体查询" tabindex="-1">媒体查询 <a class="header-anchor" href="#媒体查询" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;媒体查询&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 逻辑操作符 媒体类型 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (媒体特性) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  选择器 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CSS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (媒体特性) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  选择器 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CSS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">320</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">32</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 逻辑操作符 媒体类型 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (媒体特性) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  选择器 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CSS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (媒体特性) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  选择器 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CSS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">320</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">32</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><link rel="stylesheet" href="./one.css" media="(min-width: 992px)"><link rel="stylesheet" href="./two.css" media="(min-width: 1200px)"></blockquote><h4 id="关键词" tabindex="-1">关键词 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关键词" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关键词&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>and</li><li>only</li><li>not</li><li>or</li></ul><h4 id="媒体类型" tabindex="-1">媒体类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#媒体类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;媒体类型&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>screen（带屏幕的设备）</li><li>print（打印预览模式）</li><li>speech（屏幕阅读模式）</li><li>all（默认值）</li></ul><h4 id="媒体特性" tabindex="-1">媒体特性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#媒体特性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;媒体特性&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>视口宽高：width、height、max-width、max-height、min-width、min-height</li><li>屏幕方向：orientation，portrait竖屏，landscape横屏</li></ul><h3 id="vw-vh" tabindex="-1">vw/vh <a class="header-anchor" href="#vw-vh" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vw/vh&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>vw = 1/100视口宽度</li><li>vh = 1/100视口高度</li></ul><h2 id="less" tabindex="-1">Less <a class="header-anchor" href="#less" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Less&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Less（Leaner Style Sheets）是一门向后兼容的CSS 扩展语言，是一个CSS预处理器，扩充了CSS，使CSS具备一定的逻辑性、计算能力。</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://less.bootcss.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://less.bootcss.com</a></p></blockquote><h3 id="变量" tabindex="-1">变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@width: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@height: @width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: @width;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: @height;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@width: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@height: @width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: @width;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: @height;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>编译为</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="混合" tabindex="-1">混合 <a class="header-anchor" href="#混合" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;混合&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-top</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dotted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">black</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border-bottom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">black</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#menu</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#111</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-top</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dotted</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">black</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">border-bottom</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">black</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#menu</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#111</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.post</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.bordered</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>.bordered</code> 类所包含的属性就将同时出现在 <code>#menu a</code> 和 <code>.post a</code> 中了。</p><h3 id="嵌套" tabindex="-1">嵌套 <a class="header-anchor" href="#嵌套" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;嵌套&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">black</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.navigation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.logo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">black</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.navigation</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.logo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">black</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.navigation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.logo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">black</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.navigation</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.logo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="规则嵌套和冒泡" tabindex="-1">规则嵌套和冒泡 <a class="header-anchor" href="#规则嵌套和冒泡" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;规则嵌套和冒泡&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">768</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">600</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-resolution</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192</span><span style="color:#F97583;">dpi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/img/retina2x.png</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">)</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1280</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">800</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">768</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">600</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-resolution</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">dpi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/img/retina2x.png</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">)</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1280</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">800</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>编译为</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">768</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">600</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">768</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-resolution</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192</span><span style="color:#F97583;">dpi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">/img/retina2x.png</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1280</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">800</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">768</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">600</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">768</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-resolution</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">dpi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">/img/retina2x.png</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1280</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">800</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="运算" tabindex="-1">运算 <a class="header-anchor" href="#运算" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;运算&quot;">​</a></h3><p>算术运算符 <code>+</code>、<code>-</code>、<code>*</code>、<code>/</code> 可以对任何数字、颜色或变量进行运算。如果可能的话，算术运算符在加、减或比较之前会进行单位换算。计算的结果以最左侧操作数的单位类型为准。如果单位换算无效或失去意义，则忽略单位。无效的单位换算例如：px 到 cm 或 rad 到 % 的转换。</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 所有操作数被转换成相同的单位</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@conversion-1: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">cm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#F97583;">mm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 6cm</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@conversion-2: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">cm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">mm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 -1.5cm</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// conversion is impossible</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@incompatible-units: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">cm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 4px</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// example with variables</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@base: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@filler: @base </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 10%</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@other: @base </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @filler; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 15%</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 所有操作数被转换成相同的单位</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@conversion-1: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">cm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">mm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 6cm</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@conversion-2: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">cm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">mm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 -1.5cm</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// conversion is impossible</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@incompatible-units: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">cm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 4px</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// example with variables</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@base: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@filler: @base </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 10%</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@other: @base </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @filler; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 15%</span></span></code></pre></div><p>乘法和除法不作转换。因为这两种运算在大多数情况下都没有意义，一个长度乘以一个长度就得到一个区域，而 CSS 是不支持指定区域的。Less 将按数字的原样进行操作，并将为计算结果指定明确的单位类型。</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@base: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">cm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">mm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 6cm</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@base: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">cm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">mm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 结果是 6cm</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="转义" tabindex="-1">转义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#转义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;转义&quot;">​</a></h3><p>转义（Escaping）允许你使用任意字符串作为属性或变量值。任何 <code>~&quot;anything&quot;</code> 或 <code>~&#39;anything&#39;</code> 形式的内容都将按原样输出，除非 <a href="https://less.bootcss.com/features/#variables-feature-variable-interpolation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">interpolation</a>。</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@min768: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">~</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;(min-width: 768px)&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.element</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @min768 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@min768: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">~</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;(min-width: 768px)&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.element</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @min768 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>编译为：</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">768</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.element</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">768</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.element</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注意，从 Less 3.5 开始，可以简写为：</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@min768: (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">min-width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">768</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.element</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@media</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @min768 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font-size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">rem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@min768: (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">min-width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">768</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.element</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@media</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @min768 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font-size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="函数" tabindex="-1">函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Less 内置了多种函数用于转换颜色、处理字符串、算术运算等。这些函数在<a href="https://less.bootcss.com/functions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Less 函数手册</a>中有详细介绍。</p><p>函数的用法非常简单。下面这个例子利用 percentage 函数将 0.5 转换为 50%，将颜色饱和度增加 5%，以及颜色亮度降低 25% 并且色相值增加 8 等用法：</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@base: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">#f04615</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@width: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">percentage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@width); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// returns `50%`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">saturate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@base, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background-color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">spin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lighten</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@base, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">25</span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@base: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">#f04615</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@width: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">percentage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@width); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// returns `50%`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">saturate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@base, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background-color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">spin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lighten</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@base, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">25</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="映射" tabindex="-1">映射 <a class="header-anchor" href="#映射" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;映射&quot;">​</a></h3><p>从 Less 3.5 版本开始，你还可以将混合（mixins）和规则集（rulesets）作为一组值的映射（map）使用。</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#colors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  primary: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  secondary: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#colors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">primary</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#colors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">secondary</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#colors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  primary: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  secondary: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.button</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#colors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">primary</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#colors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">secondary</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>输出符合预期：</p><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">.button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">border</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">px</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">solid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.button</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">border</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">px</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">solid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="作用域" tabindex="-1">作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#作用域" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;作用域&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Less 中的作用域与 CSS 中的作用域非常类似。首先在本地查找变量和混合（mixins），如果找不到，则从“父”级作用域继承。</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@var: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#page</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  @var: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">white</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: @var; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// white</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@var: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#page</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  @var: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">white</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: @var; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// white</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>与 CSS 自定义属性一样，混合（mixin）和变量的定义不必在引用之前事先定义。因此，下面的 Less 代码示例和上面的代码示例是相同的：</p><div class="language-less vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">less</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@var: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">#page</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: @var; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// white</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  @var: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">white</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@var: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#page</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#header</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: @var; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// white</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  @var: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">white</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="导入" tabindex="-1">导入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导入&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;library&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; // library</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.less</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;typo.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;library&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; // library</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.less</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;typo.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>被引入的less文件不会生成单独的css文件</p></blockquote><h3 id="控制less编译输出" tabindex="-1">控制Less编译输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#控制less编译输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;控制Less编译输出&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>webstorm FileWatcher配置：</p><ul><li>npm install -g less</li><li>aruments:<code>--no-color $FileName$ ../css/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css</code></li><li>output paths to refresh : <code>../css/$FileNameWithoutExtension$.css</code></li></ul><p>VS Code EasyLess配置：</p><ul><li>out: &quot;../css/&quot;</li><li>首行添加注释控制编译的输出情况 <ul><li>// out: ./dir/</li><li>// out: ./dir/xxx.css</li><li>// out: false</li></ul></li></ul></blockquote><h2 id="bootstrap" tabindex="-1">BootStrap <a class="header-anchor" href="#bootstrap" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;BootStrap&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p><code>&lt;link rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; href=&quot;https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css&quot;&gt;</code></p><p><code>&lt;script src=&quot;https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</code></p></blockquote><h3 id="栅格系统" tabindex="-1">栅格系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#栅格系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;栅格系统&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>栅格化是指将整个网页的宽度分成若干等份，BootStrap3默认将网页分为12等份</li></ul><table><thead><tr><th></th><th>超小屏幕</th><th>小屏幕</th><th>中等屏幕</th><th>大屏幕</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>响应断点</td><td>&lt;768px</td><td>&gt;=768px</td><td>&gt;=992px</td><td>&gt;=1200px</td></tr><tr><td>别名</td><td>xs</td><td>sm</td><td>md</td><td>lg</td></tr><tr><td>容器宽度</td><td>100%</td><td>750px</td><td>970px</td><td>1170px</td></tr><tr><td>类前缀</td><td>col-xs-*</td><td>col-sm-*</td><td>col-md-*</td><td>col-lg-*</td></tr><tr><td>列数</td><td>12</td><td>12</td><td>12</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>列间隙</td><td>30px</td><td>30px</td><td>30px</td><td>30px</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li><code>.container</code>是BootStrap中提供的类名，应用该类名的盒子，默认被指定宽度且居中</li><li><code>.container-fluid</code>是BootStrap中提供的类名，所有应用的盒子，宽度为100%</li><li>分别用<code>.row</code>类名和<code>.col</code>类名定义栅格布局的行和列</li></ul><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><ol><li>container类自带间距15px</li><li>row类自带间距-15px</li></ol></div><h3 id="bootstrap样式" tabindex="-1">bootstrap样式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#bootstrap样式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;bootstrap样式&quot;">​</a></h3><p><a href="https://v3.bootcss.com/css/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://v3.bootcss.com/css/</a></p><h3 id="bootstrap组件" tabindex="-1">bootstrap组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#bootstrap组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;bootstrap组件&quot;">​</a></h3><p><a href="https://v3.bootcss.com/components/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://v3.bootcss.com/components/</a></p><h2 id="record" tabindex="-1">Record <a class="header-anchor" href="#record" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Record&quot;">​</a></h2><h4 id="滚动条滑动效果" tabindex="-1">滚动条滑动效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#滚动条滑动效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;滚动条滑动效果&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-css vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">css</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scroll-behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">smooth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scroll-behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">smooth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/frontend/base/CSS.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/frontend/base/HTML.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>HTML</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/frontend/base/JavaScript.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>JavaScript</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Webpack</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>jQuery</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>框架</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_base_HTML" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="html" tabindex="-1">HTML <a class="header-anchor" href="#html" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HTML&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="标签" tabindex="-1">标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;标签&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="排版标签" tabindex="-1">排版标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#排版标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;排版标签&quot;">​</a></h3><p>标题：h1-h6</p><p>段落：p</p><p>换行：br</p><p>水平分割线：hr</p><h3 id="文本格式化标签" tabindex="-1">文本格式化标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文本格式化标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文本格式化标签&quot;">​</a></h3><p>加粗：strong/b</p><p>下划线：ins/u</p><p>倾斜：em/i</p><p>删除线：del/s</p><h3 id="媒体标签" tabindex="-1">媒体标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#媒体标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;媒体标签&quot;">​</a></h3><p>图片：img</p><p>音频：audio [src|controls|autoplay|loop]</p><p>视频：video [src|controls|autoplay|loop]</p><h3 id="链接" tabindex="-1">链接 <a class="header-anchor" href="#链接" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;链接&quot;">​</a></h3><p>超链接：a</p><h3 id="列表" tabindex="-1">列表 <a class="header-anchor" href="#列表" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;列表&quot;">​</a></h3><p>有序列表：ol &gt; li</p><p>无序列表：ul &gt; li</p><p>自定义列表：dl &gt; dt &gt; dd</p><h3 id="表格" tabindex="-1">表格 <a class="header-anchor" href="#表格" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;表格&quot;">​</a></h3><p>table &gt; tr &gt; td</p><p>th：表头</p><p>caption：标题</p><p>结构标签：thead/tbody/tfoot</p><p>合并单元格：rowspan-跨行合并 colspan-跨列合并（不能跨结构标签合并）</p><h3 id="表单" tabindex="-1">表单 <a class="header-anchor" href="#表单" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;表单&quot;">​</a></h3><p>input系列：text/password/radio/checkbox/file/submit/reset/button</p><p>button</p><p>select</p><p>textarea</p><p>label</p><h3 id="语义化标签" tabindex="-1">语义化标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语义化标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语义化标签&quot;">​</a></h3><p>没有语义的布局标签：div/span</p><p>语义化标签：header/nav/footer/aside/section/article(显示特点和div一致，多了语义)</p><h3 id="字符实体" tabindex="-1">字符实体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字符实体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字符实体&quot;">​</a></h3><p>空格：<code>&amp;nbsp</code></p><h3 id="骨架结构标签" tabindex="-1">骨架结构标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#骨架结构标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;骨架结构标签&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</code>：声明网页HTML版本</li><li><code>&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;</code>：标识网页使用的语言，作用：搜索引擎归类+浏览器翻译， <code>zh-CN</code>/<code>en</code></li><li><code>&lt;meta&gt;</code>：元数据标签，元数据是关于文档的数据，例如文档的作者、字符集、关键字和描述等信息，这些信息对于搜索引擎的抓取和用户的浏览很有帮助。 <ul><li>charset：指定文档的字符编码。</li><li>name：定义元数据的名称。</li><li>content：定义元数据的内容。</li><li>http-equiv：提供有关如何处理文档的其他信息。</li><li>viewport：指定当前网页的视口（viewport）尺寸和缩放比例，以便浏览器正确渲染页面。</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="seo-search-engine-optimization-标签" tabindex="-1">SEO（Search Engine Optimization）标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#seo-search-engine-optimization-标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SEO（Search Engine Optimization）标签&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>&lt;title&gt;</code>:网页标题</li><li><code>&lt;meta name=&quot;description&quot;&gt;</code>：网页描述标签</li><li><code>&lt;meta name=&quot;keywords&quot;</code>：网页关键词</li></ul><h3 id="ico图标" tabindex="-1">ico图标 <a class="header-anchor" href="#ico图标" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ico图标&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>&lt;link rel=&quot;icon&quot; href=&quot;favicon.ico&quot;&gt;</code></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" 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new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,1485 @@
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level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Webpack</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>jQuery</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>框架</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_base_JavaScript" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="javascript" tabindex="-1">JavaScript <a class="header-anchor" href="#javascript" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;JavaScript&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="组成" tabindex="-1">组成 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组成" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组成&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>ECMAScript：规定了js基础语法，比如变量、分支语句、循环语句、对象等</li><li>Web APIs <ul><li>DOM：操作文档，比如对页面元素移动、添加删除等操作</li><li>BOM：操作浏览器，比如页面弹窗、检测窗口宽度、存储数据到浏览器等</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="基本语法" tabindex="-1">基本语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本语法&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="输入" tabindex="-1">输入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#输入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;输入&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>prompt()</code></p><h3 id="输出" tabindex="-1">输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;输出&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>console.log()</code></p><p><code>document.write()</code></p><p><code>alert()</code></p><blockquote><p>alert和prompt会跳过页面渲染先被执行</p></blockquote><h3 id="变量" tabindex="-1">变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="声明" tabindex="-1">声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>let</code></li></ul><blockquote><p>比较旧的JavaScript中使用var声明变量</p><p>var的一些问题：</p><ul><li>可以先使用，再声明</li><li>var声明过的变量可以重复声明</li><li>变量提升、全局变量、没有块级作用域</li></ul></blockquote><h4 id="命名" tabindex="-1">命名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#命名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;命名&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>只能下划线、字母、数字、$，且不能数字开头</li><li>字母区分大小写</li></ul><h5 id="规范" tabindex="-1">规范 <a class="header-anchor" href="#规范" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;规范&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>小驼峰</li></ul><h3 id="数组" tabindex="-1">数组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>let arr = [1, 2, 3]</code> / <code>let arr = new Array(1, 2, 3)</code></p></li><li><p>数组有序</p></li><li><p>取值：数组[下标]</p></li><li><p>长度：数组.length</p></li><li><p>修改：arr[下标] = 新值</p></li><li><p>增加</p><ul><li>arr.push() 将一个或多个元素新增到末尾，返回新的数组长度</li><li>arr.unshift()将一个或多个元素新增到开头，返回新的数组长度</li></ul></li><li><p>删除</p><ul><li>arr.pop() 删除最后一个元素，并返回该元素的值</li><li>arr.shift()删除第一个元素，并返回该元素的值</li><li>arr.splice(操作的下标，删除的个数)，删除指定元素并返回</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="常量" tabindex="-1">常量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常量&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>声明：<code>const</code></li><li>声明常量必须赋值</li></ul><h3 id="数据类型" tabindex="-1">数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据类型&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="基本数据类型" tabindex="-1">基本数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本数据类型&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>number</p></li><li><p>string</p><ul><li><p>模板字符串: 使用反引号包裹数据，使用${}替换数据</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> age </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`我今年${</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}岁`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> age </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`我今年${</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}岁`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>boolean</p></li><li><p>undefined</p><ul><li>没有赋值</li><li>undefined +1 -&gt; NaN</li></ul></li><li><p>null</p><ul><li>内容为空</li><li>null + 1 -&gt; 1</li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="nan" tabindex="-1">NaN <a class="header-anchor" href="#nan" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;NaN&quot;">​</a></h5><p>NaN代表一个计算错误，是一个不正确或未定义的数学操作得到的结果，任何对NaN的操作都会返回NaN</p><h4 id="typeof" tabindex="-1">typeof <a class="header-anchor" href="#typeof" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;typeof&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>运算符写法：typeof 变量</li><li>函数写法：typeof(变量)</li></ul><h4 id="数据类型转换" tabindex="-1">数据类型转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据类型转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据类型转换&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="隐式转换" tabindex="-1">隐式转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#隐式转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;隐式转换&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>+</code>号两边只要有字符串，都会转字符串</li><li>除了<code>+</code>，其他算数运算符会把数据转换为数字类型</li><li><code>+</code>作为正号可以转换数字</li></ul><h5 id="显式转换" tabindex="-1">显式转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#显式转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;显式转换&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>Number(变量)</li></ul><h4 id="引用数据类型" tabindex="-1">引用数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#引用数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;引用数据类型&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>object</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  uname: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;abc&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  gender: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;女&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">speak</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  uname: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;abc&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  gender: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;女&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">speak</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>属性名可以用引号，一般省略，除非遇到特殊符号（空格、中横线等）</li></ul></li><li><p>查看:</p><ul><li>对象.属性</li><li>对象[&#39;属性&#39;]</li></ul></li><li><p>修改: 对象.属性 = 新值</p></li><li><p>新增: 对象.新属性 = 值</p></li><li><p>删除: delete 对象.属性</p></li><li><p>对象方法: 对象.方法名()</p></li><li><p>遍历对象</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> k </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(obj[k]) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//k带引号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> k </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(obj[k]) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//k带引号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>for in遍历数组 是数组下标，但是是字符串</p></blockquote><h3 id="运算符" tabindex="-1">运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="赋值运算符" tabindex="-1">赋值运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#赋值运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;赋值运算符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>+=</li><li>-=</li><li>*=</li><li>/=</li><li>%=</li></ul><h4 id="一元运算符" tabindex="-1">一元运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#一元运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;一元运算符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>++</code></li><li><code>--</code></li></ul><h4 id="比较运算符" tabindex="-1">比较运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#比较运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;比较运算符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>&lt;</code></li><li><code>&gt;</code></li><li><code>&gt;=</code></li><li><code>&lt;=</code></li><li><code>==</code>: 值是否相等</li><li><code>===</code>：类型和值是否都相等</li><li><code>!==</code>：是否不全等</li></ul><h4 id="逻辑运算符" tabindex="-1">逻辑运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#逻辑运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;逻辑运算符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>&amp;&amp;</code></li><li><code>||</code></li><li><code>!</code></li></ul><h3 id="流程控制语句" tabindex="-1">流程控制语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程控制语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程控制语句&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>if</p><ul><li>除了0，所有的数字都为真</li><li>除了&#39;&#39;，所有字符串都为真</li></ul></li><li><p>switch case</p><ul><li><p>数据和值必须满足全等<code>===</code></p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (数据) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 值1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 值2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    代码n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (数据) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 值1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 值2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    代码n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li></li></ul></li><li><p>三元运算符</p></li></ul><h3 id="循环控制语句" tabindex="-1">循环控制语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#循环控制语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;循环控制语句&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>while</li><li>for</li><li>break/continue</li></ul><h3 id="函数" tabindex="-1">函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">函数名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">参数列表</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  函数体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">函数名</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">参数列表</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  函数体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>命名 小驼峰</p></li><li><p>return</p><ul><li>没有return 默认返回undefined</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="作用域" tabindex="-1">作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#作用域" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;作用域&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>全局变量 <ul><li>局部变量或块级变量 没有let声明直接赋值的当全局变量看（不提倡）</li></ul></li><li>局部变量</li></ul><h3 id="匿名函数" tabindex="-1">匿名函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名函数&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>函数表达式：把匿名函数赋值给一个变量，通过变量名调用</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>立即执行函数</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>前一个括号声明，后一个括号调用</p></li><li><p>分号</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="逻辑中断" tabindex="-1">逻辑中断 <a class="header-anchor" href="#逻辑中断" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;逻辑中断&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>短路：只存在<code>&amp;&amp;</code>和<code>||</code>中，当满足一定条件会让右边代码不执行 <ul><li><code>&amp;&amp;</code>：左边为false就短路</li><li><code>||</code>：左边为true就短路</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="转换boolean" tabindex="-1">转换boolean <a class="header-anchor" href="#转换boolean" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;转换boolean&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>&quot;&quot;: false</p></li><li><p>0: false</p></li><li><p>undefined: false</p></li><li><p>null: false</p></li><li><p>NaN: false</p></li><li><p>&quot;&quot; + 1 = 1</p></li><li><p>null经过数字转换会变0</p></li><li><p>undefined经过数字转换会变NaN</p></li></ul><h2 id="web-apis" tabindex="-1">Web APIs <a class="header-anchor" href="#web-apis" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Web APIs&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="dom" tabindex="-1">DOM <a class="header-anchor" href="#dom" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DOM&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="获取dom元素" tabindex="-1">获取DOM元素 <a class="header-anchor" href="#获取dom元素" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;获取DOM元素&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>document.querySelector(CSS选择器)：获取匹配的第一个元素</li><li>document.querySelectorAll(CSS选择器)：获取匹配的多个元素</li><li>document.getElementById()：通过元素的 id 属性获取一个 DOM 元素</li><li>document.getElementsByName()：通过元素的 name 属性获取一个类数组的元素集合，该方法返回一个 NodeList 对象</li><li>document.getElementsByClassName()：方法通过元素的 name 属性获取一个类数组的元素集合，该方法返回一个 NodeList 对象</li><li>document.getElementsBytagName()：通过元素的标签名获取一个类数组的元素集合，该方法返回一个 NodeList 对象</li></ul><h4 id="操作元素内容" tabindex="-1">操作元素内容 <a class="header-anchor" href="#操作元素内容" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;操作元素内容&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>对象.innerText</p></li><li><p>对象.innerHTML</p></li><li><p>对象.属性=值</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;img&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">image.src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">image.title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;123&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;img&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">image.src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">image.title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;123&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>对象.style.样式属性=值</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">box.style.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;300px&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">box.backgroundColor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pink&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//小驼峰</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">box.style.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;300px&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">box.backgroundColor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pink&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//小驼峰</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>通过类名修改属性，会覆盖</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//定义好类对应的属性，给对象添加类名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">对象.className </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 类名</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//定义好类对应的属性，给对象添加类名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">对象.className </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 类名</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>通过classList操作类控制CSS，用于追加和删除</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//追加</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//删除</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//切换</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//追加</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//删除</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">元素.classList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(类名)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//切换</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>自定义属性</p><ul><li><p>H5中推出的data-自定义属性</p></li><li><p>在标签上一律以<code>data-</code>开头</p></li><li><p>DOM对象上一律以<code>dataset</code>对象方式获取</p></li><li><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;box&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;10&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;盒子&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.box&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(box.dataset.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;box&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;10&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;盒子&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">box</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.box&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(box.dataset.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="事件监听" tabindex="-1">事件监听 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件监听" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件监听&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>元素对象.addEventListener(&#39;事件类型&#39;, 要执行的函数)</li></ul><blockquote><p>元素.on事件：也可以添加事件监听，但会被覆盖，且只能冒泡 不能捕获，addEventListener不会被覆盖，能冒泡 也能捕获。</p></blockquote><ul><li>事件类型 <ul><li>鼠标事件 <ul><li>click</li><li>mouseenter: 没冒泡，只会在鼠标进入目标元素时触发一次</li><li>mouseover：有冒泡，事件在鼠标经过目标元素或任何子元素时会不断触发</li><li>mouseleave</li><li>mousemove: 鼠标移动</li></ul></li><li>焦点事件 <ul><li>focus</li><li>blur</li></ul></li><li>键盘事件 <ul><li>keydown</li><li>keyup</li></ul></li><li>文本事件 <ul><li>input</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="事件对象" tabindex="-1">事件对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p>事件对象中有事件触发时的相关信息，例如鼠标点击时的位置，键盘按下时的键位</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="常用对象属性" tabindex="-1">常用对象属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常用对象属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常用对象属性&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>type：事件类型</li><li>clientX/clientY:光标相对于浏览器可见窗口左上角的位置</li><li>offsetX/offsetY：光标相对于当前DOM元素左上角的位置</li><li>key：用户按下的键盘的值，现在不提倡使用keyCode</li></ul><h4 id="环境对象" tabindex="-1">环境对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#环境对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;环境对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p>指的是函数内部特殊的变量<code>this</code>，它代表着当前函数运行时所处的环境</p><ul><li>函数的调用方式不同，<code>this</code>的指代对象也不通</li><li><code>this</code>指向的粗略规则是谁调用指向谁（addEventListener指向绑定的元素，普通函数指向window）</li></ul><h4 id="回调函数" tabindex="-1">回调函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#回调函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;回调函数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>函数A作为参数传递给函数B，A就被称为回调函数</p><h4 id="事件流" tabindex="-1">事件流 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件流" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件流&quot;">​</a></h4><p>事件流指的是事件完整执行过程中的流动路径</p><h5 id="事件捕获" tabindex="-1">事件捕获 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件捕获" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件捕获&quot;">​</a></h5><p>DOM的根元素开始去执行对应的事件（从父元素到子元素）</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DOM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(事件类型, 函数, 是否使用捕获机制)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">DOM</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(事件类型, 函数, 是否使用捕获机制)</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>L0事件只有冒泡，没有捕获</p></blockquote><h5 id="事件冒泡" tabindex="-1">事件冒泡 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件冒泡" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件冒泡&quot;">​</a></h5><p>当一个元素的事件被触发时，同样的事件会在该元素的所有祖先元素中依次被触发。这一过程被称为事件冒泡（从子元素到父元素）</p><ul><li><p>简单理解：当一个元素触发事件后，会依次向上调用所有父级元素的<strong>同名事件</strong></p></li><li><p>事件冒泡是默认存在的</p></li></ul><h5 id="阻止事件传播" tabindex="-1">阻止事件传播 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阻止事件传播" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阻止事件传播&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>事件对象.stopPropagation()</li><li>阻断事件流动传播，既能阻止冒泡，也能阻止捕获</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stopPropagation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stopPropagation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="解绑事件" tabindex="-1">解绑事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解绑事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解绑事件&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><p>on事件方式</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 绑定事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onClick</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解绑事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.onClick </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 绑定事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onClick</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解绑事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.onClick </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>addEventListener方式</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//绑定事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, fn)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//解绑事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">removeEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, fn)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//绑定事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, fn)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//解绑事件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">removeEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, fn)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>匿名函数无法解绑</p></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="事件委托" tabindex="-1">事件委托 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件委托" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件委托&quot;">​</a></h5><p>事件委托是利用事件流特征解决开发问题的技巧，可以减少事件注册次数，提高程序性能，原理是利用事件冒泡特点，给父元素注册事件，当触发子元素的时候，会冒泡到父元素身上，从而触发父元素的事件</p><h5 id="阻止元素默认行为" tabindex="-1">阻止元素默认行为 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阻止元素默认行为" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阻止元素默认行为&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>e.preventDefault()</code></p><h5 id="其他事件" tabindex="-1">其他事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#其他事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;其他事件&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><p>页面加载事件</p><ul><li><p>外部资源加载完毕时触发的事件</p><ul><li><p>等待页面所有资源加载完毕，执行回调函数：<code>window.addEventListener(&#39;load&#39;, function() {})</code></p><blockquote><p>也可以针对某个资源绑定事件：img.addEventListener(&#39;load&#39;, function() {})</p></blockquote></li></ul></li><li><p>初始HTML文档被完全加载和解析完成后，DOMContentLoaded事件被触发，无需等待样式表、图像等完全加载</p><ul><li><code>document.addEventListener(&#39;DOMContentLoaded&#39;, function() {})</code></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>页面滚动事件</p><ul><li><p>滚动条在滚动的时候持续触发的事件</p><ul><li><code>window.addEventListener(&#39;scroll&#39;, function() {})</code></li><li>给window或document添加scroll事件</li><li>也可以监听某个元素内部滚动</li></ul></li><li><p>获取滚动位置</p><ul><li><p>scrollLeft**（可读写）**</p></li><li><p>scrollTop**（可读写）**</p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">window.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;scroll&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.documentElement.scrollTop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">window.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;scroll&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.documentElement.scrollTop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>document.documentElement返回对象为HTML元素</p><html lang="en"><head>...</head><body>...</body></html></blockquote></li></ul></li><li><p>滚动到指定坐标</p><ul><li>scrollTo(x, y)</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>页面尺寸事件</p><ul><li>窗口尺寸改变时触发的事件<code>resize</code><ul><li><code>window.addEventListener(&#39;resize&#39;, function() {})</code></li></ul></li><li>获取元素可见部分的宽高<code>clientWidth</code>、<code>clientHeight</code><ul><li>不包含border，margin，滚动条</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="元素尺寸位置" tabindex="-1">元素尺寸位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素尺寸位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素尺寸位置&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="获取宽高" tabindex="-1">获取宽高 <a class="header-anchor" href="#获取宽高" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;获取宽高&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>offsetWidth和offsetHeight</li><li>获取元素自身的宽高，包含padding，border</li><li>结果是数值</li><li>获取的是可视宽高，如果盒子隐藏，结果是0</li></ul><h5 id="获取位置" tabindex="-1">获取位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#获取位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;获取位置&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>offsetLeft和offsetTop</li><li>获取元素距离自己<strong>定位</strong>父级元素的左、上距离，<strong>只读属性</strong></li></ul><h5 id="获取元素大小及其相对视口的位置" tabindex="-1">获取元素大小及其相对视口的位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#获取元素大小及其相对视口的位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;获取元素大小及其相对视口的位置&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>element.getBoundingClientRect()</code></li></ul><h4 id="日期对象" tabindex="-1">日期对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#日期对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;日期对象&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>实例化</p><ul><li><code>const date = new Date()</code></li><li><code>const date = new Date(&#39;2023-4-8 08:00:00&#39;)</code></li></ul></li><li><p>常用方法</p><ul><li>getFullYear():四位数年份</li><li>getMonth():月份，范围0-11</li><li>getDate():获取月份中的每一天</li><li>getDay():获取星期，0-6</li><li>getHours():小时，0-23</li><li>getMinutes():分钟，0-59</li><li>getSeconds():秒，0-59</li><li>toLocaleString(): yyyy/m/d HH:mm:ss</li></ul></li><li><p>时间戳</p><ul><li><code>date.getTime()</code></li><li><code>+new Date()</code></li><li><code>Date.now()</code></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="dom节点" tabindex="-1">DOM节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dom节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DOM节点&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="节点类型" tabindex="-1">节点类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#节点类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;节点类型&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>元素节点</li><li>属性节点</li><li>文本节点</li><li>其他（注释、文档类型、CDATA、实体引用、处理指令。。。）</li></ul><h5 id="查找节点" tabindex="-1">查找节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查找节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查找节点&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>父节点 <ul><li>元素.parentNode</li></ul></li><li>子节点 <ul><li>元素.childNodes：获取所有子节点，包括文本（空格、换行）、注释节点等</li><li>元素.children：仅获取元素节点，返回的是一个伪数组</li></ul></li><li>兄弟节点 <ul><li>nextElementSibling：下一个兄弟节点</li><li>previousElementSibling:上一个兄弟节点</li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="新增节点" tabindex="-1">新增节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新增节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新增节点&quot;">​</a></h5><h6 id="创建节点" tabindex="-1">创建节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建节点&quot;">​</a></h6><ul><li><code>const div = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;)</code></li></ul><h6 id="追加节点" tabindex="-1">追加节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#追加节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;追加节点&quot;">​</a></h6><ul><li><p><code>父元素.appendChild(div)</code></p></li><li><p><code>父元素.insertBefore(要插入的元素, 在哪个元素前面)</code>：插入某个元素之前</p><ul><li>例：<code>ul.insertBefore(li, ul.children[0])</code></li></ul></li></ul><h6 id="克隆节点" tabindex="-1">克隆节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#克隆节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;克隆节点&quot;">​</a></h6><ul><li>元素.cloneNode(布尔值) <ul><li>true：克隆时会包含后代节点一起克隆</li><li>false：不包含后代节点，默认值</li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="删除节点" tabindex="-1">删除节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除节点&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>父元素.removeChild(子元素)</code></li></ul><h3 id="bom" tabindex="-1">BOM <a class="header-anchor" href="#bom" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;BOM&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="组成-1" tabindex="-1">组成 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组成-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组成&quot;">​</a></h4><p>BOM（Browser Object Model）是浏览器对象模型，包含：navigator、location、document、history、screen</p><p>window是一个全局对象，document、alert()、console.log()都是window的属性</p><ul><li>所有通过<code>var</code>定义在全局作用域中的变量、函数都会变成window对象的属性和方法</li><li>window对象下的属性和方法调用的时候可以省略window</li></ul><h4 id="定时器" tabindex="-1">定时器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定时器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定时器&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="延时函数" tabindex="-1">延时函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#延时函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;延时函数&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>let timer = setTimeout(回调函数, 等待时间ms)</code>，返回id，setTimeout只执行一次</li><li>关闭：<code>clearTimeout(timer)</code></li></ul><h5 id="间歇函数" tabindex="-1">间歇函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#间歇函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;间歇函数&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>let interval = setInterval(函数, 间隔时间ms)</code>，返回的是的是一个id数字，不断执行</li><li>关闭：<code>clearInterval(interval)</code></li></ul><h4 id="事件循环" tabindex="-1">事件循环 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件循环" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件循环&quot;">​</a></h4><p>js是单线程，所有任务需要排队。HTML5提出了Web Worker标准，允许JavaScript脚本创建多个线程。于是JS出现了同步和异步。</p><ul><li>同步任务：都在主线程执行，形成执行栈</li><li>异步任务：通过回调函数实现，异步任务添加到任务队列中，一般异步任务有以下三种类型 <ul><li>普通事件：click、resize等</li><li>资源加载：load、error等</li><li>定时器：setTimeout、setInterval等</li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="执行机制" tabindex="-1">执行机制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#执行机制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;执行机制&quot;">​</a></h5><ol><li>先执行执行栈中的同步任务</li><li>异步任务放到任务队列中</li><li>执行栈中的所有同步任务执行完毕，系统会按次序读取任务队列中的异步任务，被读取的异步任务结束等待状态，进入执行栈，开始执行</li></ol><h4 id="location" tabindex="-1">location <a class="header-anchor" href="#location" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;location&quot;">​</a></h4><p>localtion的数据类型是对象，它拆分保存了URL地址的各个组成部分</p><ul><li><p><code>location.href</code>：常用于页面跳转</p></li><li><p><code>location.search</code>:获取地址中携带的参数，符号<code>?</code>后面的部分</p></li><li><p><code>location.hash</code>:获取地址中的hash值，符号<code>#</code>后面的部分</p></li><li><p><code>location.reload()</code>：用来刷新当前页面，传入参数true时强制刷新</p></li></ul><h4 id="navigator" tabindex="-1">navigator <a class="header-anchor" href="#navigator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;navigator&quot;">​</a></h4><p>navigator的数据类型是对象，该对象下记录了浏览器自身的相关信息</p><ul><li>navigator.userAgent:检测浏览器版本和平台</li></ul><h4 id="history" tabindex="-1">history <a class="header-anchor" href="#history" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;history&quot;">​</a></h4><p>history数据类型是对象，主要管理历史记录，该对象与浏览器地址栏的操作相对应，如前进、后退、历史记录等</p><ul><li>history.back()</li><li>history.forward()</li><li>history.go(参数): 1-&gt;前进一个页面，-1-&gt;后退一个页面</li></ul><h4 id="本地存储" tabindex="-1">本地存储 <a class="header-anchor" href="#本地存储" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;本地存储&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="介绍" tabindex="-1">介绍 <a class="header-anchor" href="#介绍" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;介绍&quot;">​</a></h5><p>数据存储在用户浏览器中，设置、读取方便，刷新页面不会丢失数据，sessionStorage和localStorage约5M</p><h5 id="分类" tabindex="-1">分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分类&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>localStorage <ul><li>可以多窗口（页面）共享（同一浏览器可以共享）</li><li>键值对形式存储使用</li><li>语法 <ul><li>存储：<code>localStorage.setItem(key, value)</code></li><li>查询：<code>localStorage.getItem(key)</code></li><li>删除：<code>localStorage.removeItem(key)</code></li></ul></li></ul></li><li>sessionStorage <ul><li>生命周期到关闭浏览器窗口截止</li><li>在同一个窗口（页面）下数据可以共享</li><li>键值对形式存储使用</li><li>用法api和<code>localStorage</code>一致</li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="存储复杂数据类型" tabindex="-1">存储复杂数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#存储复杂数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;存储复杂数据类型&quot;">​</a></h5><p>把复杂数据类型转成字符串形式存储</p><ul><li><code>JSON.stringify</code></li><li><code>JSON.parse</code></li></ul><h4 id="数组map和join" tabindex="-1">数组map和join <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组map和join" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组map和join&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="map" tabindex="-1">map <a class="header-anchor" href="#map" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;map&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><p>遍历数组处理数据，返回新的数组</p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">arr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;red&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;blue&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">newArr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ele</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ele </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;颜色&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newArr) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [&#39;red颜色&#39;, &#39;blue颜色&#39;]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">arr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;red&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;blue&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">newArr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ele</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">index</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ele </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;颜色&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newArr) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [&#39;red颜色&#39;, &#39;blue颜色&#39;]</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h5 id="join" tabindex="-1">join <a class="header-anchor" href="#join" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;join&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>把数组所有元素转换为一个字符串</li><li><code>const newStr = join(字符串)</code>:元素用指定字符串相连</li></ul><h2 id="进阶" tabindex="-1">进阶 <a class="header-anchor" href="#进阶" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;进阶&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="正则表达式" tabindex="-1">正则表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#正则表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;正则表达式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>定义：<code>const reg = /表达式/</code></li><li>判断是否匹配：<code>reg.test(被检测字符串)</code>，匹配返回true，否则false</li><li>查找：<code>reg.exec(被检测字符串)</code>，找到返回数组，否则为null</li></ul><h4 id="元字符" tabindex="-1">元字符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元字符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元字符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>边界符</p><ul><li><code>^</code>：开始</li><li><code>$</code>：结束</li></ul></li><li><p>量词</p><ul><li><code>*</code>：0或多次</li><li><code>+</code>：1或多次</li><li><code>?</code>：0或1次</li><li><code>{n}</code>：重复n次</li><li><code>{n,}</code>：重复n次或更多</li><li><code>{n,m}</code>：重复n次到m次</li></ul></li><li><p>字符类</p><ul><li><code>[]</code>：匹配字符集合，匹配任一个都是true</li><li><code>[a-zA-Z]</code>：字母</li><li><code>[^a-z]</code>：[]中的^表示取反</li><li><code>.</code>：除换行之外的任何单个字符</li><li><code>\d</code>：数字</li><li><code>\D</code>：所有0-9以外字符，等于<code>[^0-9]</code></li><li><code>\w</code>：任一字母、数字、下划线，相当于<code>[a-zA-Z0-9_]</code></li><li><code>\W</code>：匹配除字母、数字、下划线之外的字符，相当于<code>[^a-zA-Z0-9_]</code></li><li><code>\s</code>：匹配空格（包括制表符、换行符、空格符等）,相当于<code>[\t\r\n\v\f]</code></li><li><code>\S</code>：匹配非空格，相当于<code>[^\t\r\n\v\f]</code></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="修饰符" tabindex="-1">修饰符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修饰符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修饰符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>语法：<code>/表达式/修饰符</code></p></li><li><p>修饰符：</p><ul><li>i：ignore，匹配时，不区分大小写</li><li>g：global，匹配所有满足正则的结果</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="替换" tabindex="-1">替换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#替换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;替换&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>语法：<code>字符串.replace(/正则表达式/， 替换的文本)</code>，返回替换后的字符串</li></ul><h3 id="作用域-1" tabindex="-1">作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#作用域-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;作用域&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>局部作用域</p></li><li><p>全局作用域</p></li><li><p>作用域链</p></li><li><p>JS垃圾回收机制</p><ul><li>全局变量一般不会回收（关闭页面回收）</li><li>一般情况下局部变量的值不再被使用会被自动回收</li><li>内存由于某种原因未释放或无法释放会内存泄漏</li><li>栈：由操作系统自动分配释放函数的参数值、局部变量等基本数据类型放在栈里</li><li>堆：一般由开发分配释放，若开发不释放由垃圾回收机制回收。复杂数据类型放在堆里。</li></ul><blockquote><p>引用计数法（有循环引用问题）</p><ul><li>定义“内存不再使用”，看一个对象是否有指向它的引用，没有引用就回收对象 <ul><li>根据记录被引用的次数</li><li>被引用一次，就+1，多次引用会累加</li><li>如果减少一个引用就-1</li><li>如果引用次数是0，则释放内存</li></ul></li></ul><p>标记清除法</p><ul><li>将不再使用的对象定义为无法达到的对象</li><li>从根部（JS中就是全局对象）出发定时扫描内存中的对象，凡是能从根部到达的对象，都是还需要使用的</li><li>无法由根部出发触及的对象标记为不再使用，稍后进行回收</li></ul></blockquote></li><li><p>闭包</p><ul><li>和python中的闭包一样:<code>如果在一个外部函数中定义一个内部函数，内部函数对外部作用域的变量进行引用，外部函数的返回值是内部函数，这样的函数就被认为是闭包(closure)。</code></li></ul></li><li><p>变量提升</p><ul><li>允许变量在声明之前即被访问（var声明变量）</li><li>js会在执行之前把当前作用域下var声明的变量提升到当前作用域的最前面，只提升声明，不提升赋值</li></ul></li><li><p>函数提升</p><ul><li>代码执行前会把所有函数声明提升到当前作用域的最前面</li><li>只提升声明，不提升调用</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>函数表达式特殊,必须先声明赋值后调用</p></blockquote><h3 id="函数进阶" tabindex="-1">函数进阶 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数进阶" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数进阶&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>动态参数：<code>arguments</code>，只存在于函数里，伪数组</p></li><li><p>剩余参数：<code>function getSum(paramA, paramB, ...arr)</code>,arr是个真数组</p></li><li><p>展开运算符：<code>...</code>能将一个数组进行展开</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">arr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arr)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1 5 3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">arr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">arr)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1 5 3</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>用于求数组最大/小值<code>Math.max(...arr)</code></p></li><li><p>用于合并数组：const arr = [...arr1, ...arr2]</p></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="箭头函数" tabindex="-1">箭头函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#箭头函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;箭头函数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>引入箭头函数是为了更简洁的写法，适用于需要匿名函数的地方</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x) }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">uname</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ({ uname: uname }) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//返回一个对象</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x) }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">uname</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ({ uname: uname }) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//返回一个对象</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="箭头函数的this" tabindex="-1">箭头函数的this <a class="header-anchor" href="#箭头函数的this" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;箭头函数的this&quot;">​</a></h5><p><strong>箭头函数不会创建自己的this对象，它只会从自己的作用域链的上一层</strong></p><h3 id="解构赋值" tabindex="-1">解构赋值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解构赋值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解构赋值&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="数组解构" tabindex="-1">数组解构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组解构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组解构&quot;">​</a></h4><p>数组结构是将数组的单元值快速批量赋值给一系列变量的简洁语法</p><ul><li><code>const [max, min, avg] = [100, 60, 80]</code></li><li>典型用法：交换两个变量</li><li>可以设置默认值</li><li>可以用剩余参数防止undefined传递</li><li>可以忽略某些值<code>const [a, ,c, d] = [1, 2, 3, 4]</code></li></ul><blockquote><p>js必须加分号场景：</p><ol><li>两个连续的立即执行函数</li><li>使用数组</li></ol></blockquote><h4 id="对象解构" tabindex="-1">对象解构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对象解构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对象解构&quot;">​</a></h4><p>对象解构是将对象的属性和方法快速批量赋值给一系列变量的简介语法</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;小明&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">age</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;小明&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">age</span><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>对象的属性值将会被赋值给与属性名相同的变量</p></li><li><p>对象中找不到与变量名一致的属性时变量值为undefined</p></li><li><p>数组对象解构</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">pig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;佩奇&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [{ </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">age</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pig</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name,age)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">pig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;佩奇&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [{ </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">age</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pig</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name,age)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>多级对象解构</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">pig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;佩奇&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  family: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    mother: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;mon&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    father: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dad&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">family</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">mother</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">father</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pig</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">pig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;佩奇&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  family: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    mother: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;mon&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    father: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dad&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">family</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">mother</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">father</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pig</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h3 id="对象" tabindex="-1">对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对象&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="创建对象的方式" tabindex="-1">创建对象的方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建对象的方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建对象的方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>字面量创建</p></li><li><p>构造函数</p><ul><li>命名以大写字母开头</li><li>只能由<code>new</code>操作符来执行</li><li>实例化执行过程 <ul><li>创建新对象</li><li>构造函数this指向新对象</li><li>执行构造函数代码，修改this，添加属性</li><li>返回新对象</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="实例成员-静态成员" tabindex="-1">实例成员&amp;静态成员 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实例成员-静态成员" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实例成员&amp;静态成员&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>实例成员：构造函数创建的对象为实例对象，实例对象的属性和方法称为实例成员</li><li>静态成员：构造函数的属性和方法称为静态成员 <ul><li>静态成员只能由构造函数访问</li><li>静态方法中的this指向构造函数</li><li><code>Date.now()、Math.PI、Math.random()</code></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="内置构造函数" tabindex="-1">内置构造函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内置构造函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内置构造函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>Object</p><ul><li>Object.keys()</li><li>Object.values()</li><li>Object.assign(dest, source)</li></ul></li><li><p>Array</p><ul><li><p>实例方法：forEach、filter、map、reduce、join、find、every、some、concat、splice、reverse、findIndex...</p></li><li><p>伪数组转换为真数组：Array.from()</p></li><li><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">arr.some((item, index)=&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	//some code, some循环可以终止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	return true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">//every 判断数组每一项是否都满足条件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">let res = arr.every(item =&gt; item.state) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">//reduce </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">arr.reduce((累加的结果, 当前循环项) =&gt; {}, 初始值)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">arr.reduce((amt, item) =&gt; amt += item.price, 0)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">arr.some((item, index)=&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	//some code, some循环可以终止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	return true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">//every 判断数组每一项是否都满足条件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">let res = arr.every(item =&gt; item.state) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">//reduce </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">arr.reduce((累加的结果, 当前循环项) =&gt; {}, 初始值)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">arr.reduce((amt, item) =&gt; amt += item.price, 0)</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>String</p><ul><li>实例属性、方法：length、split()、substring()、startsWith()、includes()、toUpperCase()、toLowerCase()、indexOf()、endsWith()、replace()、match()...</li></ul></li><li><p>Number</p><ul><li>toFixed()设置保留小数位数</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="原型prototype" tabindex="-1">原型Prototype <a class="header-anchor" href="#原型prototype" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原型Prototype&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>构造函数通过原型分配的函数是所有对象所共享的。</li><li>JavaScript每一个构造函数都有一个<code>prototype</code>属性，指向另一个对象，所以也称为原型对象</li><li>prototype对象可以挂载函数，对象实例化不会多次创建原型上函数，节约内存</li><li>可以把不变的方法直接定义在prototype对象上，这样所有对象的实例就可以共享这些方法</li><li>构造函数和原型对象中的this都指向实例化的对象</li></ul><h4 id="constructor属性" tabindex="-1">constructor属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#constructor属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;constructor属性&quot;">​</a></h4><p>每个原型对象里都有个constructor属性，该属性指向该原型对象的构造函数</p><h4 id="对象原型" tabindex="-1">对象原型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对象原型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对象原型&quot;">​</a></h4><p>每个对象都有一个属性<code>__proto__</code>，指向构造函数的prototype对象</p><ul><li><code>__proto__</code>是JS非标准属性</li><li>[[prototype]]和<code>__proto__</code>意义相同</li><li>用来表明当前实例对象指向哪个原型对象prototype</li><li><code>__proto__</code>对象原型里也有一个constructor属性，指向创建该实例对象的构造函数</li></ul><h4 id="原型继承" tabindex="-1">原型继承 <a class="header-anchor" href="#原型继承" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原型继承&quot;">​</a></h4><p>通过原型可以继承公共属性</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  eyes: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  nose: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Person</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Man</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  this.eyes: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  this.nose: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  eyes: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  nose: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Person</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Man</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  this.eyes: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  this.nose: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="原型链" tabindex="-1">原型链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#原型链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原型链&quot;">​</a></h4><p>基于原型对象的继承使得不同构造函数的原型对象关联在一起，并且这种关联关系是一种链状的解构，称为原型链</p><h5 id="查找规则" tabindex="-1">查找规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查找规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查找规则&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>当访问一个对象的属性/方法时，首先查找这个对象自身有无该属性</li><li>如果没有就查找他的原型（<code>__proto__</code>指向的prototype对象)</li><li>如果还没有就查找原型对象的原型（Object的prototype）</li><li>依此类推一直到Object为止（null）</li><li><code>__proto__</code>对象原型的意义就在于为对象成员查找机制提供方向</li><li>可以使用<code>instanceof</code>运算符检测构造函数的<code>prototype</code>属性是否出现在某个实例对象的原型链上</li></ul><h3 id="深浅拷贝" tabindex="-1">深浅拷贝 <a class="header-anchor" href="#深浅拷贝" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;深浅拷贝&quot;">​</a></h3><p>深浅拷贝只针对引用数据类型</p><ul><li>浅拷贝：如果是简单数据类型拷贝值，引用数据类型拷贝的是地址 <ul><li>拷贝对象：Object.assign() / 展开运算符 {...obj}拷贝对象</li><li>拷贝数组：Array.prototype.concat() 或者 [...arr]</li></ul></li><li>深拷贝：拷贝的是对象，不是地址 <ul><li>通过递归实现深拷贝</li><li>lodash中的<code>_.cloneDeep()</code></li><li>JSON.stringify()</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="异常" tabindex="-1">异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异常&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="抛出异常" tabindex="-1">抛出异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#抛出异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;抛出异常&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>throw msg</li><li>throw new Error(msg)</li></ul><h4 id="异常捕获" tabindex="-1">异常捕获 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异常捕获" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异常捕获&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="debugger" tabindex="-1">debugger <a class="header-anchor" href="#debugger" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;debugger&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>debugger</code></p><h3 id="this" tabindex="-1">this <a class="header-anchor" href="#this" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;this&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="普通函数" tabindex="-1">普通函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#普通函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;普通函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>普通函数的调用方式决定了this的值，即<strong>谁调用 this的值指向谁</strong></p></li><li><p>普通函数没有明确调用者时this的值为window，严格模式下没有调用者时this的值为undefined</p></li></ul><h4 id="箭头函数-1" tabindex="-1">箭头函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#箭头函数-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;箭头函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>箭头函数中并不存在this</li><li>箭头函数会默认绑定外层this的值，所以在箭头函数中this的值和外层的this是一样的</li><li>箭头函数中的this引用的就是最近作用域中的this</li><li>向外层作用域中，一层一层查找this，直到有this的定义</li></ul><h4 id="改变this指向" tabindex="-1">改变this指向 <a class="header-anchor" href="#改变this指向" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;改变this指向&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>fun.call(thisArg, arg1, arg2...) <ul><li>thisArg：fun函数运营时指定的this值</li><li>arg1,arg2：传递的其他参数</li></ul></li><li>apply(thisArg, [argsArray]) <ul><li>thisArg：fun函数运营时指定的this值</li><li>argsArray：传递的值，必须包含在数组里</li></ul></li><li>bind() <ul><li>bind不会调用函数，但能改变函数内部this的指向</li><li>fun.bind(thisArg, arg1, arg2...)</li><li>thisArg：fun函数运营时指定的this值</li><li>arg1,arg2：传递的其他参数</li><li>返回由指定this值和初始化参数改造的<strong>原函数的拷贝</strong></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="防抖-debounce" tabindex="-1">防抖（debounce） <a class="header-anchor" href="#防抖-debounce" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;防抖（debounce）&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>单位时间内，频繁触发事件，只执行最后一次</p></li><li><p>lodash库的<code>_.debounce(fun, 时间)</code></p></li></ul><h4 id="思路" tabindex="-1">思路 <a class="header-anchor" href="#思路" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;思路&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li>声明一个定时器</li><li>每次触发事件都先判断是否有定时器，如果有先清除</li><li>如果没有则开启定时器并保存变量</li><li>在定时器中调用要执行的函数</li></ol><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">box</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.box&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mouseMove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  box.innerHTML </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">debounce</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> timer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (timer) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clearTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(timer)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    timer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">box.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;mousemove&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">debounce</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mouseMove, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">box</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.box&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mouseMove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  box.innerHTML </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">debounce</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> timer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (timer) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clearTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(timer)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    timer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">box.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;mousemove&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">debounce</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mouseMove, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="节流-throttle" tabindex="-1">节流（throttle） <a class="header-anchor" href="#节流-throttle" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;节流（throttle）&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>单位时间内，频繁触发事件，只执行一次</li><li>lodash库的<code>_.throttle(fun, 时间)</code></li></ul><h4 id="思路-1" tabindex="-1">思路 <a class="header-anchor" href="#思路-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;思路&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li>声明一个定时器</li><li>每次触发事件都判断是否有定时器，如果有则不开启新定时器</li><li>如果没有定时器则开启定时器并保存变量 <ol><li>定时器里调用执行的函数</li><li>定时器里要把上一个定时器清空</li></ol></li></ol><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">throttle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> timer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">timer) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      timer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// setTimeout中无法删除定时器，因为定时器还在运作，所以不能用clearTimeout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        timer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">box.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;mousemove&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">throttle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mouseMove, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">throttle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> timer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">timer) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      timer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// setTimeout中无法删除定时器，因为定时器还在运作，所以不能用clearTimeout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        timer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">box.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;mousemove&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">throttle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mouseMove, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="案例-页面打开-记录上一次的视频播放位置" tabindex="-1">案例：页面打开，记录上一次的视频播放位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#案例-页面打开-记录上一次的视频播放位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;案例：页面打开，记录上一次的视频播放位置&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="两个事件" tabindex="-1">两个事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#两个事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;两个事件&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>ontimeupdate：事件在视频/音频当前播放位置发生改变时触发</li><li>onloadeddata：事件在当前帧的数据加载完成且还没有足够的数据播放视频/音频的下一帧时触发</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">video.ontimeupdadte </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">throttle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  localStorage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;currentTime&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, video.currentTime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">video.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onloadeddata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  video.currentTime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> localStorage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;currentTime&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">video.ontimeupdadte </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">throttle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  localStorage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;currentTime&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, video.currentTime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">video.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onloadeddata</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  video.currentTime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> localStorage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;currentTime&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="es6" tabindex="-1">ES6 <a class="header-anchor" href="#es6" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ES6&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="promise" tabindex="-1">Promise <a class="header-anchor" href="#promise" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Promise&quot;">​</a></h3><p>所谓<code>Promise</code>，简单说就是一个容器，里面保存着某个未来才会结束的事件（通常是一个异步操作）的结果。从语法上说，Promise 是一个对象，从它可以获取异步操作的消息。Promise 提供统一的 API，各种异步操作都可以用同样的方法进行处理。</p><p><code>Promise</code>对象有以下两个特点。</p><p>（1）对象的状态不受外界影响。<code>Promise</code>对象代表一个异步操作，有三种状态：<code>pending</code>（进行中）、<code>fulfilled</code>（已成功）和<code>rejected</code>（已失败）。只有异步操作的结果，可以决定当前是哪一种状态，任何其他操作都无法改变这个状态。这也是<code>Promise</code>这个名字的由来，它的英语意思就是“承诺”，表示其他手段无法改变。</p><p>（2）一旦状态改变，就不会再变，任何时候都可以得到这个结果。<code>Promise</code>对象的状态改变，只有两种可能：从<code>pending</code>变为<code>fulfilled</code>和从<code>pending</code>变为<code>rejected</code>。只要这两种情况发生，状态就凝固了，不会再变了，会一直保持这个结果，这时就称为 resolved（已定型）。如果改变已经发生了，你再对<code>Promise</code>对象添加回调函数，也会立即得到这个结果。这与事件（Event）完全不同，事件的特点是，如果你错过了它，再去监听，是得不到结果的。</p><h4 id="基本用法" tabindex="-1">基本用法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本用法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本用法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>ES6 规定，<code>Promise</code>对象是一个构造函数，用来生成<code>Promise</code>实例。</p><p>下面代码创造了一个<code>Promise</code>实例。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ... some code</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 异步操作成功 */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(error);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ... some code</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 异步操作成功 */</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(error);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>Promise</code>构造函数接受一个函数作为参数，该函数的两个参数分别是<code>resolve</code>和<code>reject</code>。它们是两个函数，由 JavaScript 引擎提供。</p><p><code>resolve</code>函数的作用是，将<code>Promise</code>对象的状态从“未完成”变为“成功”（即从 pending 变为 resolved），在异步操作成功时调用，并将异步操作的结果，作为参数传递出去；<code>reject</code>函数的作用是，将<code>Promise</code>对象的状态从“未完成”变为“失败”（即从 pending 变为 rejected），在异步操作失败时调用，并将异步操作报出的错误，作为参数传递出去。</p><p><code>Promise</code>实例生成以后，可以用<code>then</code>方法分别指定<code>resolved</code>状态和<code>rejected</code>状态的回调函数。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">promise.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// success</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">promise.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// success</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>then</code>方法可以接受两个回调函数作为参数。第一个回调函数是<code>Promise</code>对象的状态变为<code>resolved</code>时调用，第二个回调函数是<code>Promise</code>对象的状态变为<code>rejected</code>时调用。这两个函数都是可选的，不一定要提供。它们都接受<code>Promise</code>对象传出的值作为参数。</p><p>下面是一个<code>Promise</code>对象的简单例子。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ms</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resolve, ms, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;done&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//setTimeout的第三个参数是给第一个函数参数传递的参数，即done会传递给resolve函数作为参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ms</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resolve, ms, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;done&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//setTimeout的第三个参数是给第一个函数参数传递的参数，即done会传递给resolve函数作为参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>timeout</code>方法返回一个<code>Promise</code>实例，表示一段时间以后才会发生的结果。过了指定的时间（<code>ms</code>参数）以后，<code>Promise</code>实例的状态变为<code>resolved</code>，就会触发<code>then</code>方法绑定的回调函数。</p><p>Promise 新建后就会立即执行。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> promise </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Promise&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">promise.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;resolved.&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Hi!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Promise</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Hi!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// resolved</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> promise </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Promise&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">promise.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;resolved.&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Hi!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Promise</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Hi!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// resolved</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，Promise 新建后立即执行，所以首先输出的是<code>Promise</code>。然后，<code>then</code>方法指定的回调函数，将在当前脚本所有同步任务执行完才会执行，所以<code>resolved</code>最后输出。</p><p>下面是异步加载图片的例子。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">loadImageAsync</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    image.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(image);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    image.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onerror</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Could not load image at &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    image.src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">loadImageAsync</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    image.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(image);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    image.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onerror</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Could not load image at &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    image.src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，使用<code>Promise</code>包装了一个图片加载的异步操作。如果加载成功，就调用<code>resolve</code>方法，否则就调用<code>reject</code>方法。</p><h3 id="generator" tabindex="-1">Generator <a class="header-anchor" href="#generator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Generator&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Generator 函数是 ES6 提供的一种异步编程解决方案，语法行为与传统函数完全不同。本章详细介绍 Generator 函数的语法和 API，它的异步编程应用请看《Generator 函数的异步应用》一章。</p><p>Generator 函数有多种理解角度。语法上，首先可以把它理解成，Generator 函数是一个状态机，封装了多个内部状态。</p><p>执行 Generator 函数会返回一个遍历器对象，也就是说，Generator 函数除了状态机，还是一个遍历器对象生成函数。返回的遍历器对象，可以依次遍历 Generator 函数内部的每一个状态。</p><p>形式上，Generator 函数是一个普通函数，但是有两个特征。一是，<code>function</code>关键字与函数名之间有一个星号；二是，函数体内部使用<code>yield</code>表达式，定义不同的内部状态（<code>yield</code>在英语里的意思就是“产出”）。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">helloWorldGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ending&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hw </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">helloWorldGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">helloWorldGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ending&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hw </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">helloWorldGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码定义了一个 Generator 函数<code>helloWorldGenerator</code>，它内部有两个<code>yield</code>表达式（<code>hello</code>和<code>world</code>），即该函数有三个状态：hello，world 和 return 语句（结束执行）。</p><p>然后，Generator 函数的调用方法与普通函数一样，也是在函数名后面加上一对圆括号。不同的是，调用 Generator 函数后，该函数并不执行，返回的也不是函数运行结果，而是一个指向内部状态的指针对象，也就是上一章介绍的遍历器对象（Iterator Object）。</p><p>下一步，必须调用遍历器对象的<code>next</code>方法，使得指针移向下一个状态。也就是说，每次调用<code>next</code>方法，内部指针就从函数头部或上一次停下来的地方开始执行，直到遇到下一个<code>yield</code>表达式（或<code>return</code>语句）为止。换言之，Generator 函数是分段执行的，<code>yield</code>表达式是暂停执行的标记，而<code>next</code>方法可以恢复执行。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hw.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;hello&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hw.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;world&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hw.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;ending&#39;, done: true }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hw.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: undefined, done: true }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">hw.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;hello&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">hw.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;world&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">hw.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: &#39;ending&#39;, done: true }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">hw.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// { value: undefined, done: true }</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="yield-表达式" tabindex="-1">yield 表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#yield-表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;yield 表达式&quot;">​</a></h4><p>由于 Generator 函数返回的遍历器对象，只有调用<code>next</code>方法才会遍历下一个内部状态，所以其实提供了一种可以暂停执行的函数。<code>yield</code>表达式就是暂停标志。</p><p>遍历器对象的<code>next</code>方法的运行逻辑如下。</p><p>（1）遇到<code>yield</code>表达式，就暂停执行后面的操作，并将紧跟在<code>yield</code>后面的那个表达式的值，作为返回的对象的<code>value</code>属性值。</p><p>（2）下一次调用<code>next</code>方法时，再继续往下执行，直到遇到下一个<code>yield</code>表达式。</p><p>（3）如果没有再遇到新的<code>yield</code>表达式，就一直运行到函数结束，直到<code>return</code>语句为止，并将<code>return</code>语句后面的表达式的值，作为返回的对象的<code>value</code>属性值。</p><p>（4）如果该函数没有<code>return</code>语句，则返回的对象的<code>value</code>属性值为<code>undefined</code>。</p><p>需要注意的是，<code>yield</code>表达式后面的表达式，只有当调用<code>next</code>方法、内部指针指向该语句时才会执行，因此等于为 JavaScript 提供了手动的“惰性求值”（Lazy Evaluation）的语法功能。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">456</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">456</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>yield</code>后面的表达式<code>123 + 456</code>，不会立即求值，只会在<code>next</code>方法将指针移到这一句时，才会求值。</p><p><code>yield</code>表达式与<code>return</code>语句既有相似之处，也有区别。相似之处在于，都能返回紧跟在语句后面的那个表达式的值。区别在于每次遇到<code>yield</code>，函数暂停执行，下一次再从该位置继续向后执行，而<code>return</code>语句不具备位置记忆的功能。一个函数里面，只能执行一次（或者说一个）<code>return</code>语句，但是可以执行多次（或者说多个）<code>yield</code>表达式。正常函数只能返回一个值，因为只能执行一次<code>return</code>；Generator 函数可以返回一系列的值，因为可以有任意多个<code>yield</code>。从另一个角度看，也可以说 Generator 生成了一系列的值，这也就是它的名称的来历（英语中，generator 这个词是“生成器”的意思）。</p><h3 id="await" tabindex="-1">await <a class="header-anchor" href="#await" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;await&quot;">​</a></h3><p>正常情况下，<code>await</code>命令后面是一个 Promise 对象，返回该对象的结果。如果不是 Promise 对象，就直接返回对应的值。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// return 123;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 123</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// return 123;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 123</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>await</code>命令的参数是数值<code>123</code>，这时等同于<code>return 123</code>。</p><p>另一种情况是，<code>await</code>命令后面是一个<code>thenable</code>对象（即定义了<code>then</code>方法的对象），那么<code>await</code>会将其等同于 Promise 对象。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.timeout </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> timeout;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">startTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Date.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">now</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Date.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">now</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startTime),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.timeout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sleepTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sleepTime);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1000</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.timeout </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> timeout;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">startTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Date.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">now</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Date.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">now</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startTime),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.timeout</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sleepTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sleepTime);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1000</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>await</code>命令后面是一个<code>Sleep</code>对象的实例。这个实例不是 Promise 对象，但是因为定义了<code>then</code>方法，<code>await</code>会将其视为<code>Promise</code>处理。</p><p>这个例子还演示了如何实现休眠效果。JavaScript 一直没有休眠的语法，但是借助<code>await</code>命令就可以让程序停顿指定的时间。下面给出了一个简化的<code>sleep</code>实现。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resolve, interval);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 用法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">one2FiveInAsync</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">one2FiveInAsync</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resolve, interval);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 用法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">one2FiveInAsync</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">one2FiveInAsync</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>await</code>命令后面的 Promise 对象如果变为<code>reject</code>状态，则<code>reject</code>的参数会被<code>catch</code>方法的回调函数接收到。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 出错了</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 出错了</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注意，上面代码中，<code>await</code>语句前面没有<code>return</code>，但是<code>reject</code>方法的参数依然传入了<code>catch</code>方法的回调函数。这里如果在<code>await</code>前面加上<code>return</code>，效果是一样的。</p><p>任何一个<code>await</code>语句后面的 Promise 对象变为<code>reject</code>状态，那么整个<code>async</code>函数都会中断执行。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不会执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不会执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，第二个<code>await</code>语句是不会执行的，因为第一个<code>await</code>语句状态变成了<code>reject</code>。</p><p>有时，我们希望即使前一个异步操作失败，也不要中断后面的异步操作。这时可以将第一个<code>await</code>放在<code>try...catch</code>结构里面，这样不管这个异步操作是否成功，第二个<code>await</code>都会执行。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// hello world</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// hello world</span></span></code></pre></div><p>另一种方法是<code>await</code>后面的 Promise 对象再跟一个<code>catch</code>方法，处理前面可能出现的错误。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 出错了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// hello world</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 出错了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// hello world</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="async" tabindex="-1">async <a class="header-anchor" href="#async" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;async&quot;">​</a></h3><p>async 函数是什么？一句话，它就是 Generator 函数的语法糖。<strong>返回值是 Promise 对象</strong>。</p><p>Generator 函数，依次读取两个文件。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">fileName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fs.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fileName, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (error) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(error);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">f1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/etc/fstab&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">f2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/etc/shells&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(f1.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(f2.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().value.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data).value.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fs</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">fileName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fs.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fileName, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (error) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(error);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">f1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/etc/fstab&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">f2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/etc/shells&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(f1.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(f2.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().value.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data).value.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码的函数<code>gen</code>可以写成<code>async</code>函数，就是下面这样。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncReadFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">f1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/etc/fstab&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">f2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/etc/shells&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(f1.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(f2.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncReadFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">f1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/etc/fstab&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">f2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/etc/shells&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(f1.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(f2.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>一比较就会发现，<code>async</code>函数就是将 Generator 函数的星号（<code>*</code>）替换成<code>async</code>，将<code>yield</code>替换成<code>await</code>，仅此而已。</p><p><code>async</code>函数对 Generator 函数的改进，体现在以下四点。</p><p>（1）内置执行器。</p><p>Generator 函数的执行必须靠执行器，所以才有了<code>co</code>模块，而<code>async</code>函数自带执行器。也就是说，<code>async</code>函数的执行，与普通函数一模一样，只要一行。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncReadFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncReadFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的代码调用了<code>asyncReadFile</code>函数，然后它就会自动执行，输出最后结果。这完全不像 Generator 函数，需要调用<code>next</code>方法，或者用<code>co</code>模块，才能真正执行，得到最后结果。</p><p>（2）更好的语义。</p><p><code>async</code>和<code>await</code>，比起星号和<code>yield</code>，语义更清楚了。<code>async</code>表示函数里有异步操作，<code>await</code>表示紧跟在后面的表达式需要等待结果。</p><p>（3）更广的适用性。</p><p><code>co</code>模块约定，<code>yield</code>命令后面只能是 Thunk 函数或 Promise 对象，而<code>async</code>函数的<code>await</code>命令后面，可以是 Promise 对象和原始类型的值（数值、字符串和布尔值，但这时会自动转成立即 resolved 的 Promise 对象）。</p><p>（4）返回值是 Promise。</p><p><code>async</code>函数的返回值是 Promise 对象，这比 Generator 函数的返回值是 Iterator 对象方便多了。你可以用<code>then</code>方法指定下一步的操作。</p><p>进一步说，<code>async</code>函数完全可以看作多个异步操作，包装成的一个 Promise 对象，而<code>await</code>命令就是内部<code>then</code>命令的语法糖。</p><h4 id="基本用法-1" tabindex="-1">基本用法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本用法-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本用法&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>async</code>函数返回一个 Promise 对象，可以使用<code>then</code>方法添加回调函数。当函数执行的时候，一旦遇到<code>await</code>就会先返回，等到异步操作完成，再接着执行函数体内后面的语句。</p><p>下面是一个例子。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStockPriceByName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStockSymbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">stockPrice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStockPrice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(symbol);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> stockPrice;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStockPriceByName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;goog&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStockPriceByName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStockSymbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">stockPrice</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStockPrice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(symbol);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> stockPrice;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStockPriceByName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;goog&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码是一个获取股票报价的函数，函数前面的<code>async</code>关键字，表明该函数内部有异步操作。调用该函数时，会立即返回一个<code>Promise</code>对象。</p><p>下面是另一个例子，指定多少毫秒后输出一个值。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ms</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resolve, ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ms</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ms</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resolve, ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ms</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码指定 50 毫秒以后，输出<code>hello world</code>。</p><p>由于<code>async</code>函数返回的是 Promise 对象，可以作为<code>await</code>命令的参数。所以，上面的例子也可以写成下面的形式。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ms</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resolve, ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ms</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ms</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resolve, ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ms</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ms);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">asyncPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>async 函数有多种使用形式。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 函数声明</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 函数表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 对象的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {} };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">obj.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Class 的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Storage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cachePromise </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> caches.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;avatars&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAvatar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cache</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cachePromise;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cache.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`/avatars/${</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}.jpg`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">storage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Storage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">storage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAvatar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;jake&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(…);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 箭头函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 函数声明</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 函数表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 对象的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {} };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">obj.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Class 的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Storage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cachePromise </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> caches.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;avatars&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAvatar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cache</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cachePromise;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cache.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`/avatars/${</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}.jpg`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">storage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Storage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">storage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAvatar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;jake&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(…);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 箭头函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="返回promise对象" tabindex="-1">返回Promise对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#返回promise对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;返回Promise对象&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>async</code>函数返回一个 Promise 对象。</p><p><code>async</code>函数内部<code>return</code>语句返回的值，会成为<code>then</code>方法回调函数的参数。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;hello world&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;hello world&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，函数<code>f</code>内部<code>return</code>命令返回的值，会被<code>then</code>方法回调函数接收到。</p><p><code>async</code>函数内部抛出错误，会导致返回的 Promise 对象变为<code>reject</code>状态。抛出的错误对象会被<code>catch</code>方法回调函数接收到。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;resolve&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;reject&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//reject Error: 出错了</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;resolve&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;reject&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//reject Error: 出错了</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="promise对象状态变化" tabindex="-1">Promise对象状态变化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#promise对象状态变化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Promise对象状态变化&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>async</code>函数返回的 Promise 对象，必须等到内部所有<code>await</code>命令后面的 Promise 对象执行完，才会发生状态改变，除非遇到<code>return</code>语句或者抛出错误。也就是说，只有<code>async</code>函数内部的异步操作执行完，才会执行<code>then</code>方法指定的回调函数。</p><p>下面是一个例子。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> html </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> html.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">match</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">&lt;title&gt;(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">[\s\S]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">)&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">title&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(console.log)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;ECMAScript 2017 Language Specification&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> html </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> html.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">match</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/&lt;title&gt;(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">[\s\S]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\/</span><span style="color:#032F62;">title&gt;/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">i</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(console.log)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;ECMAScript 2017 Language Specification&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，函数<code>getTitle</code>内部有三个操作：抓取网页、取出文本、匹配页面标题。只有这三个操作全部完成，才会执行<code>then</code>方法里面的<code>console.log</code>。</p><h4 id="错误处理" tabindex="-1">错误处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#错误处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;错误处理&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如果<code>await</code>后面的异步操作出错，那么等同于<code>async</code>函数返回的 Promise 对象被<code>reject</code>。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error：出错了</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error：出错了</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>async</code>函数<code>f</code>执行后，<code>await</code>后面的 Promise 对象会抛出一个错误对象，导致<code>catch</code>方法的回调函数被调用，它的参数就是抛出的错误对象。</p><p>防止出错的方法，也是将其放在<code>try...catch</code>代码块之中。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;出错了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果有多个<code>await</code>命令，可以统一放在<code>try...catch</code>结构中。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">val1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">firstStep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">val2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">secondStep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(val1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">val3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">thirdStep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(val1, val2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Final: &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, val3);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">val1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firstStep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">val2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">secondStep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(val1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">val3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">thirdStep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(val1, val2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Final: &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, val3);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>下面的例子使用<code>try...catch</code>结构，实现多次重复尝试。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">superagent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;superagent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NUM_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NUM_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">i) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> superagent.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://google.com/this-throws-an-error&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">superagent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;superagent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NUM_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NUM_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">i) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> superagent.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://google.com/this-throws-an-error&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，如果<code>await</code>操作成功，就会使用<code>break</code>语句退出循环；如果失败，会被<code>catch</code>语句捕捉，然后进入下一轮循环。</p><h4 id="async-函数的实现原理" tabindex="-1">async 函数的实现原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#async-函数的实现原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;async 函数的实现原理&quot;">​</a></h4><p>async 函数的实现原理，就是将 Generator 函数和自动执行器，包装在一个函数里。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">spawn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">spawn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>所有的<code>async</code>函数都可以写成上面的第二种形式，其中的<code>spawn</code>函数就是自动执行器。</p><p><code>spawn</code>函数的实现</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">spawn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">genF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">genF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">step</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">nextF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">nextF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(next.value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(next.value).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">step</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">step</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">step</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">undefined</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">spawn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">genF</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">genF</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">step</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">nextF</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">nextF</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(next.value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(next.value).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">step</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">step</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">step</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gen.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">undefined</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="实例-按顺序完成异步操作" tabindex="-1">实例：按顺序完成异步操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实例-按顺序完成异步操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实例：按顺序完成异步操作&quot;">​</a></h4><p>实际开发中，经常遇到一组异步操作，需要按照顺序完成。比如，依次远程读取一组 URL，然后按照读取的顺序输出结果。</p><p>Promise 的写法如下。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">urls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 远程读取所有URL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">textPromises</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 按次序输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  textPromises.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reduce</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">chain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">textPromise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> chain.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> textPromise)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(text));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">urls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 远程读取所有URL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">textPromises</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">response</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 按次序输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  textPromises.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reduce</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">chain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">textPromise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> chain.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> textPromise)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(text));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码使用<code>fetch</code>方法，同时远程读取一组 URL。每个<code>fetch</code>操作都返回一个 Promise 对象，放入<code>textPromises</code>数组。然后，<code>reduce</code>方法依次处理每个 Promise 对象，然后使用<code>then</code>，将所有 Promise 对象连起来，因此就可以依次输出结果。</p><p>这种写法不太直观，可读性比较差。下面是 async 函数实现。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">urls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">urls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">response</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码确实大大简化，问题是所有远程操作都是继发。只有前一个 URL 返回结果，才会去读取下一个 URL，这样做效率很差，非常浪费时间。我们需要的是并发发出远程请求。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">urls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 并发读取远程URL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">textPromises</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 按次序输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">textPromise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> textPromises) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> textPromise);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">logInOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">urls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 并发读取远程URL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">textPromises</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">response</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 按次序输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">textPromise</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> textPromises) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> textPromise);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，虽然<code>map</code>方法的参数是<code>async</code>函数，但它是并发执行的，因为只有<code>async</code>函数内部是继发执行，外部不受影响。后面的<code>for..of</code>循环内部使用了<code>await</code>，因此实现了按顺序输出。</p><h3 id="class" tabindex="-1">Class <a class="header-anchor" href="#class" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Class&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="基本语法-1" tabindex="-1">基本语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本语法-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本语法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>JavaScript 语言中，生成实例对象的传统方法是通过构造函数。下面是一个例子。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;(&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;, &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;(&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;, &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ES6 提供了更接近传统语言的写法，引入了 Class（类）这个概念，作为对象的模板。通过<code>class</code>关键字，可以定义类。</p><p>基本上，ES6 的<code>class</code>可以看作只是一个语法糖，它的绝大部分功能，ES5 都可以做到，新的<code>class</code>写法只是让对象原型的写法更加清晰、更像面向对象编程的语法而已。上面的代码用 ES6 的<code>class</code>改写，就是下面这样。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;(&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;, &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;(&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;, &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码定义了一个“类”，可以看到里面有一个<code>constructor()</code>方法，这就是构造方法，而<code>this</code>关键字则代表实例对象。这种新的 Class 写法，本质上与本章开头的 ES5 的构造函数<code>Point</code>是一致的。</p><p><code>Point</code>类除了构造方法，还定义了一个<code>toString()</code>方法。注意，定义<code>toString()</code>方法的时候，前面不需要加上<code>function</code>这个关键字，直接把函数定义放进去了就可以了。另外，方法与方法之间不需要逗号分隔，加了会报错。</p><p>ES6 的类，完全可以看作构造函数的另一种写法。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Point </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;function&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Point </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">typeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Point </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;function&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Point </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码表明，类的数据类型就是函数，类本身就指向构造函数。</p><p>使用的时候，也是直接对类使用<code>new</code>命令，跟构造函数的用法完全一致。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doStuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;stuff&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">b</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doStuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;stuff&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doStuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;stuff&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">b</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">b.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doStuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;stuff&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>构造函数的<code>prototype</code>属性，在 ES6 的“类”上面继续存在。事实上，类的所有方法都定义在类的<code>prototype</code>属性上面。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>constructor()</code>、<code>toString()</code>、<code>toValue()</code>这三个方法，其实都是定义在<code>Point.prototype</code>上面。</p><h4 id="实例属性新写法" tabindex="-1">实例属性新写法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实例属性新写法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实例属性新写法&quot;">​</a></h4><p><a href="https://github.com/tc39/proposal-class-fields" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ES2022</a> 为类的实例属性，又规定了一种新写法。实例属性现在除了可以定义在<code>constructor()</code>方法里面的<code>this</code>上面，也可以定义在类内部的最顶层。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 原来的写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IncreasingCounter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">._count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Getting the current value!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">._count;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">increment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">._count</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 原来的写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IncreasingCounter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">._count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Getting the current value!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">._count;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">increment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">._count</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面示例中，实例属性<code>_count</code>定义在<code>constructor()</code>方法里面的<code>this</code>上面。</p><p>现在的新写法是，这个属性也可以定义在类的最顶层，其他都不变。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IncreasingCounter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">_count</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Getting the current value!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">._count;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">increment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">._count</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IncreasingCounter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">_count</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Getting the current value!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">._count;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">increment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">._count</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，实例属性<code>_count</code>与取值函数<code>value()</code>和<code>increment()</code>方法，处于同一个层级。这时，不需要在实例属性前面加上<code>this</code>。</p><p>注意，新写法定义的属性是实例对象自身的属性，而不是定义在实例对象的原型上面。</p><p>这种新写法的好处是，所有实例对象自身的属性都定义在类的头部，看上去比较整齐，一眼就能看出这个类有哪些实例属性。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">bar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">baz</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">bar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">baz</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的代码，一眼就能看出，<code>foo</code>类有两个实例属性，一目了然。另外，写起来也比较简洁。</p><h4 id="getter和setter" tabindex="-1">getter和setter <a class="header-anchor" href="#getter和setter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;getter和setter&quot;">​</a></h4><p>与 ES5 一样，在“类”的内部可以使用<code>get</code>和<code>set</code>关键字，对某个属性设置存值函数和取值函数，拦截该属性的存取行为。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">prop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getter&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">prop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setter: &#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> inst </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">inst.prop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// setter: 123</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">inst.prop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;getter&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">prop</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getter&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">prop</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setter: &#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> inst </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">inst.prop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// setter: 123</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">inst.prop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;getter&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>prop</code>属性有对应的存值函数和取值函数，因此赋值和读取行为都被自定义了。</p><p>存值函数和取值函数是设置在属性的 Descriptor 对象上的。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CustomHTMLElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">element</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.element </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> element;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.element.innerHTML;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.element.innerHTML </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> descriptor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Object.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getOwnPropertyDescriptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CustomHTMLElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;html&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;get&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> descriptor  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;set&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> descriptor  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CustomHTMLElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">element</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.element </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> element;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.element.innerHTML;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.element.innerHTML </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> descriptor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Object.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getOwnPropertyDescriptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CustomHTMLElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;html&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;get&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> descriptor  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;set&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> descriptor  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，存值函数和取值函数是定义在<code>html</code>属性的描述对象上面，这与 ES5 完全一致。</p><h4 id="属性表达式" tabindex="-1">属性表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#属性表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;属性表达式&quot;">​</a></h4><p>类的属性名，可以采用表达式。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> methodName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getArea&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Square</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [methodName]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> methodName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getArea&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Square</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [methodName]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>Square</code>类的方法名<code>getArea</code>，是从表达式得到的。</p><h4 id="class表达式" tabindex="-1">Class表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#class表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Class表达式&quot;">​</a></h4><p>与函数一样，类也可以使用表达式的形式定义。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Me</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getClassName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Me.name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MyClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Me</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getClassName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Me.name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码使用表达式定义了一个类。需要注意的是，这个类的名字是<code>Me</code>，但是<code>Me</code>只在 Class 的内部可用，指代当前类。在 Class 外部，这个类只能用<code>MyClass</code>引用。</p><h4 id="静态方法" tabindex="-1">静态方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#静态方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;静态方法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>类相当于实例的原型，所有在类中定义的方法，都会被实例继承。如果在一个方法前，加上<code>static</code>关键字，就表示该方法不会被实例继承，而是直接通过类来调用，这就称为“静态方法”。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Foo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;hello&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> foo </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">foo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TypeError: foo.classMethod is not a function</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Foo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;hello&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> foo </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">foo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">classMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TypeError: foo.classMethod is not a function</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>Foo</code>类的<code>classMethod</code>方法前有<code>static</code>关键字，表明该方法是一个静态方法，可以直接在<code>Foo</code>类上调用（<code>Foo.classMethod()</code>），而不是在<code>Foo</code>类的实例上调用。如果在实例上调用静态方法，会抛出一个错误，表示不存在该方法。</p><p>注意，如果静态方法包含<code>this</code>关键字，这个<code>this</code>指的是类，而不是实例。</p><p>静态方法可以与非静态方法重名。</p><p>父类的静态方法，可以被子类继承。</p><h4 id="静态属性" tabindex="-1">静态属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#静态属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;静态属性&quot;">​</a></h4><p>静态属性指的是 Class 本身的属性，即<code>Class.propName</code>，而不是定义在实例对象（<code>this</code>）上的属性。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Foo.prop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Foo.prop </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Foo.prop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Foo.prop </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的写法为<code>Foo</code>类定义了一个静态属性<code>prop</code>。</p><h4 id="私有方法和属性" tabindex="-1">私有方法和属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#私有方法和属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;私有方法和属性&quot;">​</a></h4><p>在属性名之前使用<code>#</code>表示。</p><h4 id="in运算符" tabindex="-1">in运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#in运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;in运算符&quot;">​</a></h4><h3 id="class的继承" tabindex="-1">Class的继承 <a class="header-anchor" href="#class的继承" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Class的继承&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Class 可以通过<code>extends</code>关键字实现继承，让子类继承父类的属性和方法。extends 的写法比 ES5 的原型链继承，要清晰和方便很多。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ColorPoint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ColorPoint</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>在子类的构造函数中，只有调用<code>super()</code>之后，才可以使用<code>this</code>关键字，否则会报错。这是因为子类实例的构建，必须先完成父类的继承，只有<code>super()</code>方法才能让子类实例继承父类。</p></li><li><p>父类所有的属性和方法，都会被子类继承，除了私有的属性和方法。</p></li><li><p>父类的静态属性和静态方法，也会被子类继承。</p></li><li><p><code>super</code>关键字，既可以当作函数使用，也可以当作对象使用。</p></li><li><p>大多数浏览器的 ES5 实现之中，每一个对象都有<code>__proto__</code>属性，指向对应的构造函数的<code>prototype</code>属性。Class 作为构造函数的语法糖，同时有<code>prototype</code>属性和<code>__proto__</code>属性，因此同时存在两条继承链。</p></li></ul><p>​ （1）子类的<code>__proto__</code>属性，表示构造函数的继承，总是指向父类。</p><p>​ （2）子类<code>prototype</code>属性的<code>__proto__</code>属性，表示方法的继承，总是指向父类的<code>prototype</code>属性。</p><ul><li>子类实例的<code>__proto__</code>属性的<code>__proto__</code>属性，指向父类实例的<code>__proto__</code>属性。也就是说，子类的原型的原型，是父类的原型。</li></ul><h3 id="module" tabindex="-1">Module <a class="header-anchor" href="#module" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Module&quot;">​</a></h3><p>CommonJS 模块就是对象，输入时必须查找对象属性。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// CommonJS模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { stat, exists, readfile } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _fs </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> stat </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _fs.stat;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> exists </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _fs.exists;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> readfile </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _fs.readfile;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// CommonJS模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { stat, exists, readfile } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _fs </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> stat </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _fs.stat;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> exists </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _fs.exists;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> readfile </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _fs.readfile;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码的实质是整体加载<code>fs</code>模块（即加载<code>fs</code>的所有方法），生成一个对象（<code>_fs</code>），然后再从这个对象上面读取 3 个方法。这种加载称为“运行时加载”，因为只有运行时才能得到这个对象，导致完全没办法在编译时做“静态优化”。</p><p>ES6 模块不是对象，而是通过<code>export</code>命令显式指定输出的代码，再通过<code>import</code>命令输入。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ES6模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { stat, exists, readFile } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ES6模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { stat, exists, readFile } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;fs&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码的实质是从<code>fs</code>模块加载 3 个方法，其他方法不加载。这种加载称为“编译时加载”或者静态加载，即 ES6 可以在编译时就完成模块加载，效率要比 CommonJS 模块的加载方式高。当然，这也导致了没法引用 ES6 模块本身，因为它不是对象。</p><p>由于 ES6 模块是编译时加载，使得静态分析成为可能。有了它，就能进一步拓宽 JavaScript 的语法，比如引入宏（macro）和类型检验（type system）这些只能靠静态分析实现的功能。</p><h4 id="严格模式" tabindex="-1">严格模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#严格模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;严格模式&quot;">​</a></h4><p>ES6 的模块自动采用严格模式，不管你有没有在模块头部加上<code>&quot;use strict&quot;;</code>。</p><h4 id="export" tabindex="-1">export <a class="header-anchor" href="#export" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;export&quot;">​</a></h4><p>模块功能主要由两个命令构成：<code>export</code>和<code>import</code>。<code>export</code>命令用于规定模块的对外接口，<code>import</code>命令用于输入其他模块提供的功能。</p><p>一个模块就是一个独立的文件。该文件内部的所有变量，外部无法获取。如果你希望外部能够读取模块内部的某个变量，就必须使用<code>export</code>关键字输出该变量。下面是一个 JS 文件，里面使用<code>export</code>命令输出变量。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// profile.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Michael&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lastName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Jackson&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> year </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1958</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// profile.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Michael&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lastName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Jackson&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> year </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1958</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码是<code>profile.js</code>文件，保存了用户信息。ES6 将其视为一个模块，里面用<code>export</code>命令对外部输出了三个变量。</p><p><code>export</code>的写法，除了像上面这样，还有另外一种。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// profile.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Michael&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lastName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Jackson&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> year </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1958</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { firstName, lastName, year };</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// profile.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Michael&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lastName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Jackson&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> year </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1958</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { firstName, lastName, year };</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码在<code>export</code>命令后面，使用大括号指定所要输出的一组变量。它与前一种写法（直接放置在<code>var</code>语句前）是等价的，但是应该优先考虑使用这种写法。因为这样就可以在脚本尾部，一眼看清楚输出了哪些变量。</p><p><code>export</code>命令除了输出变量，还可以输出函数或类（class）。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">multiply</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">multiply</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码对外输出一个函数<code>multiply</code>。</p><p>通常情况下，<code>export</code>输出的变量就是本来的名字，但是可以使用<code>as</code>关键字重命名。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  v1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> streamV1,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  v2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> streamV2,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  v2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> streamLatestVersion</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  v1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> streamV1,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  v2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> streamV2,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  v2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> streamLatestVersion</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码使用<code>as</code>关键字，重命名了函数<code>v1</code>和<code>v2</code>的对外接口。重命名后，<code>v2</code>可以用不同的名字输出两次。</p><p>需要特别注意的是，<code>export</code>命令规定的是对外的接口，必须与模块内部的变量建立一一对应关系。</p><h4 id="import" tabindex="-1">import <a class="header-anchor" href="#import" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;import&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用<code>export</code>命令定义了模块的对外接口以后，其他 JS 文件就可以通过<code>import</code>命令加载这个模块。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { firstName, lastName, year } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./profile.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">element</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  element.textContent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lastName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { firstName, lastName, year } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./profile.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">element</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  element.textContent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lastName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>面代码的<code>import</code>命令，用于加载<code>profile.js</code>文件，并从中输入变量。<code>import</code>命令接受一对大括号，里面指定要从其他模块导入的变量名。大括号里面的变量名，必须与被导入模块（<code>profile.js</code>）对外接口的名称相同。</p><p>如果想为输入的变量重新取一个名字，<code>import</code>命令要使用<code>as</code>关键字，将输入的变量重命名。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { lastName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> surname } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./profile.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { lastName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> surname } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./profile.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>import</code>命令输入的变量都是只读的，因为它的本质是输入接口。也就是说，不允许在加载模块的脚本里面，改写接口。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {a} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./xxx.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Syntax Error : &#39;a&#39; is read-only;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {a} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./xxx.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Syntax Error : &#39;a&#39; is read-only;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，脚本加载了变量<code>a</code>，对其重新赋值就会报错，因为<code>a</code>是一个只读的接口。但是，如果<code>a</code>是一个对象，改写<code>a</code>的属性是允许的。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {a} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./xxx.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a.foo </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 合法操作</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {a} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./xxx.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a.foo </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 合法操作</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>a</code>的属性可以成功改写，并且其他模块也可以读到改写后的值。不过，这种写法很难查错，建议凡是输入的变量，都当作完全只读，不要轻易改变它的属性。</p><p><code>import</code>后面的<code>from</code>指定模块文件的位置，可以是相对路径，也可以是绝对路径。如果不带有路径，只是一个模块名，那么必须有配置文件，告诉 JavaScript 引擎该模块的位置。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { myMethod } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;util&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { myMethod } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;util&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>util</code>是模块文件名，由于不带有路径，必须通过配置，告诉引擎怎么取到这个模块。</p><p>除了指定加载某个输出值，还可以使用整体加载，即用星号（<code>*</code>）指定一个对象，所有输出值都加载在这个对象上面。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> circle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;圆面积：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> circle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;圆周长：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> circle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">circumference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">14</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> circle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;圆面积：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> circle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;圆周长：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> circle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">circumference</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">14</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="export-default" tabindex="-1">export default <a class="header-anchor" href="#export-default" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;export default&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用<code>import</code>命令的时候，用户需要知道所要加载的变量名或函数名，否则无法加载。</p><p>为了给用户提供方便，让他们不用阅读文档就能加载模块，就要用到<code>export default</code>命令，为模块指定默认输出。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// export-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// export-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码是一个模块文件<code>export-default.js</code>，它的默认输出是一个函数。</p><p>其他模块加载该模块时，<code>import</code>命令可以为该匿名函数指定任意名字。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// import-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> customName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./export-default&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">customName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;foo&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// import-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> customName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./export-default&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">customName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &#39;foo&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码的<code>import</code>命令，可以用任意名称指向<code>export-default.js</code>输出的方法，这时就不需要知道原模块输出的函数名。需要注意的是，这时<code>import</code>命令后面，不使用大括号。</p><p><code>export default</code>命令用在非匿名函数前，也是可以的。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// export-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者写成</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> foo;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// export-default.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者写成</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> foo;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>foo</code>函数的函数名<code>foo</code>，在模块外部是无效的。加载的时候，视同匿名函数加载。</p><h4 id="export和import复合写法" tabindex="-1">export和import复合写法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#export和import复合写法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;export和import复合写法&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { foo, bar } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以简单理解为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { foo, bar } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { foo, bar };</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { foo, bar } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以简单理解为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { foo, bar } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { foo, bar };</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中，<code>export</code>和<code>import</code>语句可以结合在一起，写成一行。但需要注意的是，写成一行以后，<code>foo</code>和<code>bar</code>实际上并没有被导入当前模块，只是相当于对外转发了这两个接口，导致当前模块不能直接使用<code>foo</code>和<code>bar</code>。</p><p>模块的接口改名和整体输出，也可以采用这种写法。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 接口改名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { foo </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> myFoo } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 整体输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 接口改名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { foo </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> myFoo } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 整体输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my_module&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>默认接口的写法如下。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>具名接口改为默认接口的写法如下。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { es6 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { es6 } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> es6;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { es6 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 等同于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { es6 } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> es6;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>同样地，默认接口也可以改名为具名接口。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> es6 } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> es6 } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./someModule&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="跨模块常量" tabindex="-1">跨模块常量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#跨模块常量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;跨模块常量&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// constants.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// test1.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> constants </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./constants&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(constants.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(constants.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// test2.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {A, B} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./constants&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// constants.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// test1.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> constants </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./constants&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(constants.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(constants.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// test2.js 模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {A, B} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./constants&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="模块的继承" tabindex="-1">模块的继承 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块的继承" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块的继承&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>circleplus</code>模块，继承了<code>circle</code>模块。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// circleplus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.71828182846</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">exp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// circleplus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.71828182846</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">exp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这时，也可以将<code>circle</code>的属性或方法，改名后再输出。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// circleplus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { area </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> circleArea } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// circleplus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { area </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> circleArea } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;circle&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码表示，只输出<code>circle</code>模块的<code>area</code>方法，且将其改名为<code>circleArea</code>。</p><p>加载上面模块的写法如下。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;circleplus&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> exp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;circleplus&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">exp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(math.e));</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;circleplus&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> exp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;circleplus&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">exp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(math.e));</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码中的<code>import exp</code>表示，将<code>circleplus</code>模块的默认方法加载为<code>exp</code>方法。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/frontend/base/JavaScript.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/frontend/base/CSS.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>CSS</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/frontend/base/Nodejs.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Nodejs</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_base_Nodejs" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="node-js" tabindex="-1">Node.js <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-js" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Node.js&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="node-js简介" tabindex="-1">Node.js简介 <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-js简介" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Node.js简介&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Node.js是一个基于Chrome V8引擎的JavaScript运行环境。</p><blockquote><p>浏览器是js的前端运行环境</p><p>Node.js是js的后端运行环境</p></blockquote><h3 id="node-js中的javascript运行环境" tabindex="-1">Node.js中的JavaScript运行环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-js中的javascript运行环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Node.js中的JavaScript运行环境&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>V8引擎</li><li>内置API <ul><li>fs、path、http、JS、querystring。。。</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="node-js可以做什么" tabindex="-1">Node.js可以做什么 <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-js可以做什么" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Node.js可以做什么&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>基于Express可以构建Web应用</li><li>基于Electron可以构建跨平台桌面应用</li><li>基于restify可以构建API接口项目</li><li>读写和操作数据库、创建实用的命令行工具辅助开发。。</li></ul><h2 id="基础模块" tabindex="-1">基础模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础模块&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="fs模块" tabindex="-1">fs模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#fs模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;fs模块&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>fs.readFile() <ul><li>fs.readFile(path[, options], callback)</li></ul></li><li>fs.writeFile() <ul><li>fs.writeFile(file,data[,options], callback)</li></ul></li><li>动态拼接路径问题：<code>__dirname</code>替代当前文件所处目录 <ul><li><code>__dirname + &#39;/file/1.txt&#39;</code></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="path模块" tabindex="-1">path模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#path模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;path模块&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>path.join()</li><li>path.basename()</li></ul><h3 id="http模块" tabindex="-1">http模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#http模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;http模块&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="创建基本的web服务器" tabindex="-1">创建基本的web服务器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建基本的web服务器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建基本的web服务器&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">http</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> http.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">server.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;request&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">req</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;visit&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  res.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;text/html; charset=utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  res.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">end</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">server.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">listen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http server running at http://127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">http</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> http.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">server.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;request&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">req</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;visit&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  res.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;text/html; charset=utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  res.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">end</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">server.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">listen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http server running at http://127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>req <ul><li>url：请求url</li><li>method：请求方法</li></ul></li><li>res <ul><li>end()：发送响应</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="模块化" tabindex="-1">模块化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块化&quot;">​</a></h2><p>模块化是指解决一个复杂问题时，自顶向下逐层把系统划分为若干模块的过程，对于整个系统来说，模块是可组合、分解和更换的单元。</p><p>模块化优势：</p><ul><li>提高复用性</li><li>提高可维护性</li><li>可以实现按需加载</li></ul><h3 id="node-js模块分类" tabindex="-1">Node.js模块分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-js模块分类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Node.js模块分类&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>内置模块</li><li>自定义模块</li><li>第三方模块</li></ul><h3 id="加载模块" tabindex="-1">加载模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#加载模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;加载模块&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>const moduleName = require(&#39;moduleName&#39;)</code></li></ul><blockquote><p>使用require加载模块时会执行被加载模块的代码</p><p>使用自定义模块可以省略<code>.js</code></p></blockquote><h3 id="模块作用域" tabindex="-1">模块作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块作用域" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块作用域&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在自定义模块中定义的变量、方法等成员只能在当前模块内被访问，这种模块级别的访问限制，叫做模块作用域。</p><p>好处：防止全局变量污染</p><h4 id="向外共享模块作用域中的成员" tabindex="-1">向外共享模块作用域中的成员 <a class="header-anchor" href="#向外共享模块作用域中的成员" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;向外共享模块作用域中的成员&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>module对象：在每个.js自定义模块中都有一个module对象，里面存储了和当前模块有关的信息</p><ul><li><code>console.log(module)</code></li></ul></li><li><p><code>module.exports</code>：可以使用此对象将模块内的成员共享出去供外部使用，<strong>外界使用<code>require()</code>导入自定义模块时，得到的就是module.exports所指向的对象</strong></p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;test&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sayHello</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;test&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sayHello</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="exports对象" tabindex="-1">exports对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#exports对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;exports对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>exports</code>对象是<code>module.exports</code>的简化写法，两者指向同一个对象</p><h3 id="模块化规范" tabindex="-1">模块化规范 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块化规范" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块化规范&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Node.js遵循Common.js的模块化规范</p><p>CommonJS规定</p><ul><li>每个模块内部，module代表当前模块</li><li>module变量是一个对象，它的exports属性是对外的接口</li><li>加载某个模块，其实是加载该模块的module.exports属性。require()方法用于加载模块</li></ul><h2 id="npm和包" tabindex="-1">npm和包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#npm和包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;npm和包&quot;">​</a></h2><p>npm是Node.js的包管理工具</p><ul><li><p><code>npm install</code></p></li><li><p><code>npm uninstall</code></p></li><li><p><code>npm install package</code></p></li><li><p><code>npm i package</code></p></li><li><p><code>npm i package@version</code></p></li></ul><p>包版本的语义化规范</p><ul><li><p>点分十进制，总共三位数字，例如2.14.0</p></li><li><p>第一位数：大版本</p></li><li><p>第二位数：功能版本</p></li><li><p>第三位数：bug修复版本</p></li><li><p>版本号提升规则：前面版本增长，后面版本号归零</p></li></ul><h3 id="安装包后多出来的文件" tabindex="-1">安装包后多出来的文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装包后多出来的文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装包后多出来的文件&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>node_modules: 存放所有已安装到项目中的包</li><li>package-lock.json：记录node_modules目录下每一个包的下载信息，例如包的名字、版本号、下载地址等</li></ul><h3 id="包管理配置文件" tabindex="-1">包管理配置文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包管理配置文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包管理配置文件&quot;">​</a></h3><p>npm规定，项目根目录必须提供<code>package.json</code>的包管理配置文件。用来记录与项目有关的配置信息，例如：</p><ul><li>项目的名称、版本号、描述</li><li>项目中用到了哪些包</li><li>哪些包在开发期间会用到</li><li>哪些包在开发和部署时都会用到</li></ul><p>npm创建package.json命令：<code>npm init -y</code></p><blockquote><p>运行npm install时，npm会自动把包名、版本记录到package.json中</p></blockquote><h3 id="dependencies节点" tabindex="-1">dependencies节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dependencies节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;dependencies节点&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>package.json</code>中有一个dependencies节点专门记录<code>npm install</code>安装了哪些包</p><h3 id="devdependencies节点" tabindex="-1">devDependencies节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#devdependencies节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;devDependencies节点&quot;">​</a></h3><p>记录只在开发阶段使用、上线不会用到的包</p><ul><li>安装到dev节点中：<code>npm i packageName -D</code> / <code>npm install packageName --save-dev</code></li></ul><h3 id="修改镜像" tabindex="-1">修改镜像 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改镜像" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改镜像&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>npm config get registry</code></p></li><li><p><code>npm config set registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org/</code></p></li><li><p>nrm工具切换镜像源</p><ul><li><code>npm i nrm -g</code></li><li><code>nrm ls</code></li><li><code>nrm use taobao</code></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="包分类" tabindex="-1">包分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包分类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包分类&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>项目包：被安装到node_modules的都是项目包 <ul><li>开发依赖包</li><li>核心依赖包</li></ul></li><li>全局包：执行npm install时指定-g参数则会安装为全局包 <ul><li>一般为工具性质的包</li><li>npm install package -g</li><li>npm uninstall package -g</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>i5ting_toc: md转换为html工具</p><p>i5ting_toc -f md -o</p></blockquote><h3 id="包结构" tabindex="-1">包结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包结构&quot;">​</a></h3><p>规范的包结构必须符合：</p><ul><li>包必须单独目录</li><li>根目录必须包含package.json</li><li>package.json必须包含name、version、main三个属性，对应包名、版本号、包的入口</li></ul><h3 id="模块的加载机制" tabindex="-1">模块的加载机制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块的加载机制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块的加载机制&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>优先从缓存中加载：模块在第一次被加载后会被缓存，意味着多次调用require()不会导致模块的代码被多次执行</li><li>内置模块的加载优先级最高</li><li>require()加载自定义模块必需指定<code>./</code>或<code>../</code>开头的路径标识符，否则会被当作内置模块或第三方模块，同时如果导入时省略了扩展名，Node.js会按顺序尝试加载以下文件： <ul><li>按确切文件名加载</li><li>补全.js加载</li><li>补全.json加载</li><li>补全.node记载</li><li>加载失败，报错</li></ul></li><li>如果required()的标识符不是内置模块也不是<code>./</code>开头的路径标识符会被当作第三方模块，会从/node_modules中加载第三方模块 <ul><li>如果没有找到，就移动到上一层进行加载，直到文件系统根目录，找不到报错</li></ul></li><li>目录作为模块标识符的加载顺序 <ul><li>在目录中找package.json的main属性做为require的加载入口</li><li>然后找根目录的index.js</li><li>都找不到报错</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/frontend/base/Nodejs.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path 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level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Webpack</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>jQuery</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>框架</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_base_Typescript" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="typescript" tabindex="-1">TypeScript <a class="header-anchor" href="#typescript" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;TypeScript&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="原始类型" tabindex="-1">原始类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#原始类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原始类型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>字符串 <ul><li>支持模板字符串赋值</li></ul></li><li>布尔</li><li>数字 <ul><li>支持十进制、十六进制、二进制、八进制、NaN、Infinity</li></ul></li><li>Null和Undefined</li></ul><h3 id="any" tabindex="-1">Any <a class="header-anchor" href="#any" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Any&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在编程阶段还不清楚类型的变量指定的一个类型</p><h3 id="void" tabindex="-1">Void <a class="header-anchor" href="#void" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Void&quot;">​</a></h3><p>某种程度上来说，<code>void</code>类型像是与<code>any</code>类型相反，它表示没有任何类型。</p><h3 id="null和undefined" tabindex="-1">Null和Undefined <a class="header-anchor" href="#null和undefined" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Null和Undefined&quot;">​</a></h3><p>TypeScript里，<code>undefined</code>和<code>null</code>两者各自有自己的类型分别叫做<code>undefined</code>和<code>null</code>。 和 <code>void</code>相似，它们的本身的类型用处不是很大。</p><p>默认情况下<code>null</code>和<code>undefined</code>是所有类型的子类型。 就是说你可以把 <code>null</code>和<code>undefined</code>赋值给<code>number</code>类型的变量。</p><p>然而，当指定了<code>--strictNullChecks</code>标记，<code>null</code>和<code>undefined</code>只能赋值给<code>void</code>和它们各自。 这能避免 <em>很多</em>常见的问题。</p><h3 id="object" tabindex="-1">Object <a class="header-anchor" href="#object" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Object&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>Object</code>：包含所有类型</li><li><code>object</code>：表示非原始类型也就是除<code>number</code>，<code>string</code>，<code>boolean</code>，<code>symbol</code>，<code>null</code>或<code>undefined</code>之外的类型。</li><li><code>{}</code>：同<code>new Object()</code>，包含所有类型，但无法修改属性、赋值等</li></ul><h3 id="接口和对象" tabindex="-1">接口和对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口和对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口和对象&quot;">​</a></h3><p>typescript中定义对象的方式是用<code>interface</code>，定义一种约束，让数据结构满足约束格式</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [propName:string]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">readonly</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">id</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> p</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;zs&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  id: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  a:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  b:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [propName:string]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">readonly</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">id</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> p</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;zs&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  id: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  a:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  b:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>对象属性必须和<code>interface</code>完全一致</li><li>重名的<code>interface</code>会被合并</li><li>任意key（索引签名）</li><li>可选<code>?</code></li><li>只读<code>readonly</code></li><li>定义函数类型</li></ul><h3 id="数组" tabindex="-1">数组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>元素类型后加<code>[]</code>，例如：<code>number[]</code>、<code>string[]</code></li><li>数组范型：<code>Array&lt;number&gt;</code></li><li>定义对象数组用<code>interface</code></li><li>二维数组:<code>let arr:number[][] = [[1], [2]]</code></li><li>一把梭：<code>any[]</code></li></ul><h3 id="函数" tabindex="-1">函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//箭头函数和定义返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可选参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//传对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">User</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">nubmer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">User</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">User</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({ name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;111&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, age: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ts可以定义this的类型,在js中无法使用，必须是第一个参数定义this的类型(有点类似python里面的self？)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">num</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  user:[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">num</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.user.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">obj.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数重载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">findNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">findNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">id</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">findNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">add</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[])</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//跟据入参走不同逻辑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">findNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ids</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[])</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ids </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;number&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">v</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ids)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Array.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ids)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    user.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ids)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">findNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//箭头函数和定义返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可选参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//传对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">User</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">nubmer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">User</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">User</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({ name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;111&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, age: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ts可以定义this的类型,在js中无法使用，必须是第一个参数定义this的类型(有点类似python里面的self？)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">num</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  user:[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">num</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.user.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">obj.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数重载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">findNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">findNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">id</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">findNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">add</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[])</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//跟据入参走不同逻辑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">findNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ids</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[])</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">typeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ids </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;number&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">v</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ids)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Array.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ids)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    user.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ids)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">findNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="联合类型" tabindex="-1">联合类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#联合类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;联合类型&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> phone</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;123456&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数使用联合类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> phone</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;123456&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数使用联合类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>TypeScript中的 !!是一个逻辑非（not）操作符的双重否定形式，它可以用于将一个值转换成对应的布尔值。基本上，!!可以将任何值强制转换为对应的布尔值类型。</p><p>例如，使用!!可以将下列值转换为布尔类型的值：</p><p>!!true // true</p><p>!!1 // true</p><p>!!&quot;hello&quot; // true</p><p>!!undefined // false</p><p>!!null // false</p><p>!!0 // false</p><p>!!&quot;&quot; // false</p></blockquote><h3 id="交叉类型" tabindex="-1">交叉类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#交叉类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;交叉类型&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">People</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">param</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">People</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Man</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(man)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  name:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ikun&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  age:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;两年半&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  sex:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">People</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">param</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">People</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Man</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(man)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  name:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ikun&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  age:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;两年半&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  sex:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="类型断言" tabindex="-1">类型断言 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型断言" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类型断言&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>尖括号</code>写法</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> someValue</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;this is a string&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> strLength</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;someValue).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> someValue</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;this is a string&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> strLength</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;someValue).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>as</code>写法</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> someValue</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;this is a string&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> strLength</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (someValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> someValue</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;this is a string&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> strLength</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (someValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>使用JSX时只允许as写法</p></blockquote><h3 id="内置对象" tabindex="-1">内置对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内置对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内置对象&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>Number(1)</code></li><li><code>Date()</code></li><li><code>RegExp(/\w/)</code></li><li><code>Error(&#39;wrong&#39;)</code></li><li><code>XMLHttpRequest</code></li><li><code>HTML(元素名称)Element / HTMLElement / Element</code></li><li><code>NodeList</code> / <code>NodeListOf&lt;HTMLDivElement | HTMLElement&gt;</code></li><li><code>Storage</code></li><li><code>Location</code></li><li><code>Promise</code></li><li>...</li></ul><h3 id="class" tabindex="-1">Class <a class="header-anchor" href="#class" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Class&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//class的基本用法 继承 和类型约束 implements</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HTMLElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tag</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">text</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">children</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//虚拟dom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//创建dom节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(el);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//填充文本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setText</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HTMLElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">text</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    el.textContent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> text;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//渲染函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> root </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data.tag);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (data.children </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Array.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data.children)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      data.children.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> child </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        root.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">appendChild</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(child);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setText</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(root, data.text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">undefined</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data.text);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> root;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dom</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> options;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      tag: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      text: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      children: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          text: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;子节点1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          text: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;子节点2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          text: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;子节点3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> app </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.options.el </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;string&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.options.el)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.options.el;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    app?.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">appendChild</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  el: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#app&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//class的基本用法 继承 和类型约束 implements</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HTMLElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tag</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">text</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">children</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//虚拟dom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dom</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//创建dom节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(el);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//填充文本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setText</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HTMLElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">text</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    el.textContent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> text;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//渲染函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> root </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data.tag);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (data.children </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Array.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data.children)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      data.children.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> child </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        root.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">appendChild</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(child);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setText</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(root, data.text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">undefined</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data.text);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> root;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dom</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> options;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vnode</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      tag: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      text: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      children: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          text: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;子节点1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          text: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;子节点2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          tag: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;section&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          text: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;子节点3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> app </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">typeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.options.el </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;string&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.options.el)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.options.el;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    app?.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">appendChild</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  el: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#app&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>readonly</li><li>private</li><li>protected</li><li>public</li><li>super()</li><li>静态方法 static</li><li>get set</li></ul><h3 id="抽象类-抽象方法" tabindex="-1">抽象类 &amp; 抽象方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#抽象类-抽象方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;抽象类 &amp; 抽象方法&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>abstract className</li><li>abstract functionName</li></ul><h3 id="元组tuple" tabindex="-1">元组Tuple <a class="header-anchor" href="#元组tuple" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元组Tuple&quot;">​</a></h3><p>元组类型允许表示一个已知元素数量和类型的数组，各元素的类型不必相同。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Declare a tuple type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Initialize it</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Initialize it incorrectly</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Declare a tuple type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Initialize it</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Initialize it incorrectly</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当访问一个已知索引的元素，会得到正确的类型：</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">substr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">substr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error, &#39;number&#39; does not have &#39;substr&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">substr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">substr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error, &#39;number&#39; does not have &#39;substr&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当访问一个越界的元素，会使用联合类型替代：</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK, 字符串可以赋值给(string | number)类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK, &#39;string&#39; 和 &#39;number&#39; 都有 toString</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error, 布尔不是(string | number)类型</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK, 字符串可以赋值给(string | number)类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// OK, &#39;string&#39; 和 &#39;number&#39; 都有 toString</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Error, 布尔不是(string | number)类型</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="枚举" tabindex="-1">枚举 <a class="header-anchor" href="#枚举" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;枚举&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>enum</code>类型是对JavaScript标准数据类型的一个补充。</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>默认情况下，从<code>0</code>开始为元素编号。 你也可以手动的指定成员的数值。 例如，我们将上面的例子改成从 <code>1</code>开始编号：</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Red</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>或者，全部都采用手动赋值：</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Red</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Green</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color.Green;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>枚举类型提供的一个便利是你可以由枚举的值得到它的名字。 例如，我们知道数值为2，但是不确定它映射到Color里的哪个名字，我们可以查找相应的名字：</p><div class="language-ts vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ts</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colorName</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(colorName);  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 显示&#39;Green&#39;因为上面代码里它的值是2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Red</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colorName</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(colorName);  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 显示&#39;Green&#39;因为上面代码里它的值是2</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="类型推断" tabindex="-1">类型推断 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型推断" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类型推断&quot;">​</a></h3><p>TypeScript里，在有些没有明确指出类型的地方，类型推论会帮助提供类型。</p><p>如果没有指出类型 &amp; 没赋值 会被推断成any类型。</p><h3 id="类型别名" tabindex="-1">类型别名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型别名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类型别名&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;test&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;123&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">s1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">num</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;test&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;123&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">s1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">typeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">num</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230419001413539.png" alt="image-20230419001413539"></p><h3 id="never" tabindex="-1">Never <a class="header-anchor" href="#never" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Never&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>never</code>类型表示的是那些永不存在的值的类型。 例如， <code>never</code>类型是那些总是会抛出异常或根本就不会有返回值的函数表达式或箭头函数表达式的返回值类型； 变量也可能是 <code>never</code>类型，当它们被永不为真的类型保护所约束时。</p><p><code>never</code>类型是任何类型的子类型，也可以赋值给任何类型；然而，<em>没有</em>类型是<code>never</code>的子类型或可以赋值给<code>never</code>类型（除了<code>never</code>本身之外）。 即使 <code>any</code>也不可以赋值给<code>never</code>。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//never</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">never</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//never会被忽略掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;唱&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;跳&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rap&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">kun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (value) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;唱&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;跳&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rap&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">check</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">never</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//never</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">never</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//never会被忽略掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;唱&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;跳&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rap&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">kun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (value) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;唱&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;跳&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rap&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">check</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">never</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="symbol" tabindex="-1">Symbol <a class="header-anchor" href="#symbol" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Symbol&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a2) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//for Symbol 有没有注册过这个key 如果有直接用 没有就创建</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Symbol.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Symbol.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a2) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//for Symbol 有没有注册过这个key 如果有直接用 没有就创建</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Symbol.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Symbol.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>可以用来避免属性被覆盖</li></ul><h3 id="生成器-迭代器" tabindex="-1">生成器 迭代器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生成器-迭代器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生成器 迭代器&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resovle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;2&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(g.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: Promise { &#39;111&#39; }, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: &#39;1&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: &#39;2&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: undefined, done: true }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resovle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;2&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(g.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: Promise { &#39;111&#39; }, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: &#39;1&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: &#39;2&#39;, done: false }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">{ value: undefined, done: true }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Set</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1 2 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> map</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">map.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arr, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;123&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">arguments</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//伪数组 IArguments</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">each</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> It</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value[Symbol.iterator]()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> next</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { done: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> It.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(next.value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">each</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//迭代器语法糖 for of</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//对象不能用 for of语法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> map) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//数组解构 底层原理也是调用iterator</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> copy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  max:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  current:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [Symbol.iterator]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      max: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.max,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      current: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.current,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.current </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.max) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">undefined</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            done:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.current</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            done:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Set</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1 2 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> map</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">map.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arr, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;123&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">arguments</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//伪数组 IArguments</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">each</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> It</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value[Symbol.iterator]()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> next</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { done: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> It.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">next.done) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(next.value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">each</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//迭代器语法糖 for of</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//对象不能用 for of语法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> map) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//数组解构 底层原理也是调用iterator</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> copy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">a]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  max:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  current:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [Symbol.iterator]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      max: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.max,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      current: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.current,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.current </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.max) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">undefined</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            done:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.current</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            done:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="泛型" tabindex="-1">泛型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#泛型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;泛型&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [a,b]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">msg</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  msg:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [a,b]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">axios</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Promise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xhr</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">XMLHttpRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">XMLHttpRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;GET&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onreadystatechange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(xhr.readyState </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xhr.status </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(xhr.responseText))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Array</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [a,b]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">msg</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  msg:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Array</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [a,b]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">axios</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Promise</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xhr</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">XMLHttpRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">XMLHttpRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;GET&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onreadystatechange</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(xhr.readyState </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xhr.status </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(xhr.responseText))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      xhr.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="泛型约束" tabindex="-1">泛型约束 <a class="header-anchor" href="#泛型约束" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;泛型约束&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// extends</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">length</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)(a:T) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.log(a.length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">obj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;test&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 约束对象的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">keyof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;name&quot; | &quot;sex&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ob</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">keyof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">obj</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">key</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//readonly [Key in keyof T]?:T[Key]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">keyof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">B</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">type B = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    name?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    age?: number | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    sex?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">type B = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    name?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    age?: number | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    sex?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// extends</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Len</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">length</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)(a:T) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.log(a.length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">obj</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;test&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 约束对象的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">keyof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">typeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;name&quot; | &quot;sex&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ob</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">keyof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">obj</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">key</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Data</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//readonly [Key in keyof T]?:T[Key]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">keyof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">B</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">type B = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    name?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    age?: number | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    sex?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">type B = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    name?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    age?: number | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    sex?: string | undefined;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="tsconfig-json" tabindex="-1">tsconfig.json <a class="header-anchor" href="#tsconfig-json" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;tsconfig.json&quot;">​</a></h3><p>通过<code>tsc --init</code>生成</p><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;compilerOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;incremental&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TS编译器在第一次编译之后会生成一个存储编译信息的文件，第二次编译会在第一次的基础上进行增量编译，可以提高编译的速度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;tsBuildInfoFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./buildFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增量编译文件的存储位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;diagnostics&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印诊断信息 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ES5&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 目标语言的版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;module&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CommonJS&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成代码的模板标准</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;outFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./app.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将多个相互依赖的文件生成一个文件，可以用在AMD模块中，即开启时应设置&quot;module&quot;: &quot;AMD&quot;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;lib&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DOM&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ES2015&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ScriptHost&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ES2019.Array&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TS需要引用的库，即声明文件，es5 默认引用dom、es5、scripthost,如需要使用es的高级版本特性，通常都需要配置，如es8的数组新特性需要引入&quot;ES2019.Array&quot;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;allowJS&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许编译器编译JS，JSX文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;checkJs&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许在JS文件中报错，通常与allowJS一起使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;outDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./dist&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;rootDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定输出文件目录(用于输出)，用于控制输出目录结构</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;declaration&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成声明文件，开启后会自动生成声明文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;declarationDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./file&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定生成声明文件存放目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;emitDeclarationOnly&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只生成声明文件，而不会生成js文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;sourceMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成目标文件的sourceMap文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;inlineSourceMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成目标文件的inline SourceMap，inline SourceMap会包含在生成的js文件中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;declarationMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 为声明文件生成sourceMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;typeRoots&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 声明文件目录，默认时node_modules/@types</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;types&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载的声明文件包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;removeComments&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 删除注释 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noEmit&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不输出文件,即编译后不会生成任何js文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noEmitOnError&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 发送错误时不输出任何文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noEmitHelpers&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不生成helper函数，减小体积，需要额外安装，常配合importHelpers一起使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;importHelpers&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 通过tslib引入helper函数，文件必须是模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;downlevelIteration&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 降级遍历器实现，如果目标源是es3/5，那么遍历器会有降级的实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;strict&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启所有严格的类型检查</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;alwaysStrict&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 在代码中注入&#39;use strict&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noImplicitAny&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许隐式的any类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;strictNullChecks&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许把null、undefined赋值给其他类型的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;strictFunctionTypes&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许函数参数双向协变</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;strictPropertyInitialization&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 类的实例属性必须初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;strictBindCallApply&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 严格的bind/call/apply检查</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noImplicitThis&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许this有隐式的any类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noUnusedLocals&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查只声明、未使用的局部变量(只提示不报错)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noUnusedParameters&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查未使用的函数参数(只提示不报错)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noFallthroughCasesInSwitch&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 防止switch语句贯穿(即如果没有break语句后面不会执行)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;noImplicitReturns&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//每个分支都会有返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;esModuleInterop&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许export=导出，由import from 导入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;allowUmdGlobalAccess&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许在模块中全局变量的方式访问umd模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;moduleResolution&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;node&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 模块解析策略，ts默认用node的解析策略，即相对的方式导入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;baseUrl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解析非相对模块的基地址，默认是当前目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;paths&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路径映射，相对于baseUrl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如使用jq时不想使用默认版本，而需要手动指定版本，可进行如下配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;jquery&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;rootDirs&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;src&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将多个目录放在一个虚拟目录下，用于运行时，即编译后引入文件的位置可能发生变化，这也设置可以虚拟src和out在同一个目录下，不用再去改变路径也不会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;listEmittedFiles&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印输出文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;listFiles&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印编译的文件(包括引用的声明文件)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定一个匹配列表（属于自动指定该路径下的所有ts相关文件）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;include&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;src/**/*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定一个排除列表（include的反向操作）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;exclude&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;demo.ts&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定哪些文件使用该配置（属于手动一个个指定文件）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;files&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;demo.ts&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;compilerOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;incremental&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TS编译器在第一次编译之后会生成一个存储编译信息的文件，第二次编译会在第一次的基础上进行增量编译，可以提高编译的速度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;tsBuildInfoFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./buildFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增量编译文件的存储位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;diagnostics&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印诊断信息 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ES5&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 目标语言的版本</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;module&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CommonJS&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成代码的模板标准</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;outFile&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./app.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将多个相互依赖的文件生成一个文件，可以用在AMD模块中，即开启时应设置&quot;module&quot;: &quot;AMD&quot;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;lib&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DOM&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ES2015&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ScriptHost&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ES2019.Array&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// TS需要引用的库，即声明文件，es5 默认引用dom、es5、scripthost,如需要使用es的高级版本特性，通常都需要配置，如es8的数组新特性需要引入&quot;ES2019.Array&quot;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;allowJS&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许编译器编译JS，JSX文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;checkJs&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许在JS文件中报错，通常与allowJS一起使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;outDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./dist&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;rootDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定输出文件目录(用于输出)，用于控制输出目录结构</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;declaration&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成声明文件，开启后会自动生成声明文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;declarationDir&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./file&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定生成声明文件存放目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;emitDeclarationOnly&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只生成声明文件，而不会生成js文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;sourceMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成目标文件的sourceMap文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;inlineSourceMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成目标文件的inline SourceMap，inline SourceMap会包含在生成的js文件中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;declarationMap&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 为声明文件生成sourceMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;typeRoots&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 声明文件目录，默认时node_modules/@types</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;types&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载的声明文件包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;removeComments&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 删除注释 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noEmit&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不输出文件,即编译后不会生成任何js文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noEmitOnError&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 发送错误时不输出任何文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noEmitHelpers&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不生成helper函数，减小体积，需要额外安装，常配合importHelpers一起使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;importHelpers&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 通过tslib引入helper函数，文件必须是模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;downlevelIteration&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 降级遍历器实现，如果目标源是es3/5，那么遍历器会有降级的实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;strict&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启所有严格的类型检查</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;alwaysStrict&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 在代码中注入&#39;use strict&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noImplicitAny&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许隐式的any类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;strictNullChecks&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许把null、undefined赋值给其他类型的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;strictFunctionTypes&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许函数参数双向协变</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;strictPropertyInitialization&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 类的实例属性必须初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;strictBindCallApply&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 严格的bind/call/apply检查</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noImplicitThis&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不允许this有隐式的any类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noUnusedLocals&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查只声明、未使用的局部变量(只提示不报错)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noUnusedParameters&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查未使用的函数参数(只提示不报错)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noFallthroughCasesInSwitch&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 防止switch语句贯穿(即如果没有break语句后面不会执行)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;noImplicitReturns&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//每个分支都会有返回值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;esModuleInterop&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许export=导出，由import from 导入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;allowUmdGlobalAccess&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 允许在模块中全局变量的方式访问umd模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;moduleResolution&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;node&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 模块解析策略，ts默认用node的解析策略，即相对的方式导入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;baseUrl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解析非相对模块的基地址，默认是当前目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;paths&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路径映射，相对于baseUrl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如使用jq时不想使用默认版本，而需要手动指定版本，可进行如下配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;jquery&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;rootDirs&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;src&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将多个目录放在一个虚拟目录下，用于运行时，即编译后引入文件的位置可能发生变化，这也设置可以虚拟src和out在同一个目录下，不用再去改变路径也不会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;listEmittedFiles&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印输出文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;listFiles&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印编译的文件(包括引用的声明文件)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定一个匹配列表（属于自动指定该路径下的所有ts相关文件）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;include&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;src/**/*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定一个排除列表（include的反向操作）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;exclude&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;demo.ts&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 指定哪些文件使用该配置（属于手动一个个指定文件）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;files&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;demo.ts&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="namespace" tabindex="-1">namespace <a class="header-anchor" href="#namespace" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;namespace&quot;">​</a></h3><p>typescript提供了<code>namespace</code>避免全局变量污染的问题。</p><p>任何包含顶级import或export的文件都被当作一个模块。相反的，如果不带，那么它的内容被视为全局可见的。</p><ul><li>命名空间在ts1.5之前叫<code>内部模块</code>，<code>外部模块</code>现在简称为模块。</li><li>命名空间内的类默认私有</li><li>通过export暴露</li><li>通过namespace关键字定义</li></ul><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;use strict&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 嵌套命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">D</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">D</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//抽离命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {V} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;../index&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// {a:1}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//简化命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">D</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.C</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">D</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//命名空间合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">b</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//等价于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">namespace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">b</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;use strict&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 嵌套命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">D</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">C</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">D</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//抽离命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {V} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;../index&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// {a:1}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//简化命名空间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">D</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.C</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">D</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//命名空间合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">b</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//等价于</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">namespace</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">b</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="三斜线指令" tabindex="-1">三斜线指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#三斜线指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;三斜线指令&quot;">​</a></h3><p>三斜线指令是包含单个XML标签的单行注释。 注释的内容会做为编译器指令使用。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">reference</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">path</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;...&quot;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference path=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令是三斜线指令中最常见的一种。 它用于声明文件间的 依赖。</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">reference</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">path</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;...&quot;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference path=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令是三斜线指令中最常见的一种。 它用于声明文件间的 依赖。</span></span></code></pre></div><p>三斜线引用告诉编译器在编译过程中要引入的额外的文件。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">reference</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">types</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;...&quot;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">与 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference path=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令相似，这个指令是用来声明 依赖的； 一个 /// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令则声明了对某个包的依赖。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">对这些包的名字的解析与在 import语句里对模块名的解析类似。 可以简单地把三斜线类型引用指令当做 import声明的包。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">例如，把 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference types=&quot;node&quot; /&gt;引入到声明文件，表明这个文件使用了 @types/node/index.d.ts里面声明的名字； 并且，这个包需要在编译阶段与声明文件一起被包含进来。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">仅当在你需要写一个d.ts文件时才使用这个指令。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">对于那些在编译阶段生成的声明文件，编译器会自动地添加</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;； 当且仅当结果文件中使用了引用的包里的声明时才会在生成的声明文件里添加/// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;语句。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">若要在.ts文件里声明一个对@types包的依赖，使用</span><span style="color:#F97583;">--</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">types命令行选项或在tsconfig.json里指定。</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">reference</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">types</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;...&quot;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">与 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference path=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令相似，这个指令是用来声明 依赖的； 一个 /// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;指令则声明了对某个包的依赖。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">对这些包的名字的解析与在 import语句里对模块名的解析类似。 可以简单地把三斜线类型引用指令当做 import声明的包。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">例如，把 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference types=&quot;node&quot; /&gt;引入到声明文件，表明这个文件使用了 @types/node/index.d.ts里面声明的名字； 并且，这个包需要在编译阶段与声明文件一起被包含进来。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">仅当在你需要写一个d.ts文件时才使用这个指令。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">对于那些在编译阶段生成的声明文件，编译器会自动地添加</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;； 当且仅当结果文件中使用了引用的包里的声明时才会在生成的声明文件里添加/// &lt;reference types=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;语句。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">若要在.ts文件里声明一个对@types包的依赖，使用</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">--</span><span style="color:#24292E;">types命令行选项或在tsconfig.json里指定。</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="声明文件" tabindex="-1">声明文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明文件&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用第三方库时需要引用它的声明文件<code>d.ts</code>才能获得对应的代码补全、接口提示等功能</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">npm i @types</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">xxx</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">npm i @types</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">xxx</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="mixins混入" tabindex="-1">Mixins混入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mixins混入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Mixins混入&quot;">​</a></h3><p>除了传统的面向对象继承方式，还流行一种通过可重用组件创建类的方式，就是联合另一个简单类的代码。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Disposable Mixin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Disposable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">isDisposed</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">dispose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.isDisposed </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Activatable Mixin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Activatable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">isActive</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">activate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">deactivate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SmartObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Disposable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Activatable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setInterval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.isDisposed), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">interact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">activate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Disposable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">isDisposed</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">dispose</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Activatable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">isActive</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">activate</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">deactivate</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyMixins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(SmartObject, [Disposable, Activatable]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> smartObj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SmartObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> smartObj.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">interact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">////////////////////////////////////////</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// In your runtime library somewhere</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">////////////////////////////////////////</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyMixins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">derivedCtor</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">baseCtors</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    baseCtors.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Object.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getOwnPropertyNames</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">derivedCtor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[name] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[name];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Disposable Mixin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Disposable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">isDisposed</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dispose</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.isDisposed </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Activatable Mixin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Activatable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">isActive</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">activate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">deactivate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SmartObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Disposable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Activatable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setInterval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.isActive </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.isDisposed), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">activate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Disposable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">isDisposed</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dispose</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Activatable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">isActive</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">activate</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">deactivate</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyMixins</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(SmartObject, [Disposable, Activatable]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> smartObj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SmartObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> smartObj.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">////////////////////////////////////////</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// In your runtime library somewhere</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">////////////////////////////////////////</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyMixins</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">derivedCtor</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">baseCtors</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    baseCtors.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Object.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getOwnPropertyNames</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">derivedCtor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[name] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">baseCtor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[name];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="装饰器decorator" tabindex="-1">装饰器Decorator <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器decorator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器Decorator&quot;">​</a></h3><p>随着TypeScript和ES6里引入了类，在一些场景下我们需要额外的特性来支持标注或修改类及其成员。 装饰器（Decorators）为我们在类的声明及成员上通过元编程语法添加标注提供了一种方式。</p><p>若要启用实验性的装饰器特性，你必须在命令行或<code>tsconfig.json</code>里启用<code>experimentalDecorators</code>编译器选项：</p><p><strong>命令行</strong>:</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">tsc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ES5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--experimentalDecorators</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tsc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--target</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ES5</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--experimentalDecorators</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>tsconfig.json</strong>:</p><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;compilerOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ES5&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;experimentalDecorators&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;compilerOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ES5&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;experimentalDecorators&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><em>装饰器</em>是一种特殊类型的声明，它能够被附加到<a href="https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/decorators.html#class-decorators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">类声明</a>，<a href="https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/decorators.html#method-decorators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">方法</a>， <a href="https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/decorators.html#accessor-decorators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">访问符</a>，<a href="https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/decorators.html#property-decorators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">属性</a>或<a href="https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/decorators.html#parameter-decorators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">参数</a>上。 装饰器使用 <code>@expression</code>这种形式，<code>expression</code>求值后必须为一个函数，它会在运行时被调用，被装饰的声明信息做为参数传入。</p><h4 id="类装饰器" tabindex="-1">类装饰器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类装饰器&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IKun</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ClassDecorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(target);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ikun&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slogan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;鸡你太美&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@IKun</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">person.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slogan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 鸡你太美</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IKun</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ClassDecorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(target);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ikun&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slogan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;鸡你太美&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@IKun</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">person.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slogan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 鸡你太美</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="装饰器工厂" tabindex="-1">装饰器工厂 <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器工厂" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器工厂&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IKun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decorator</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ClassDecorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slogan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;鸡你太美&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IKun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;小黑子&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(person.name); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 小黑子</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">person.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slogan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 鸡你太美</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IKun</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decorator</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ClassDecorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slogan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;鸡你太美&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IKun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;小黑子&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(person.name); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 小黑子</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">person.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slogan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 鸡你太美</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="方法装饰器" tabindex="-1">方法装饰器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方法装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方法装饰器&quot;">​</a></h4><p><em>方法装饰器</em>声明在一个方法的声明之前（紧靠着方法声明）。 它会被应用到方法的 <em>属性描述符</em>上，可以用来监视，修改或者替换方法定义。 方法装饰器不能用在声明文件( <code>.d.ts</code>)，重载或者任何外部上下文（比如<code>declare</code>的类）中。</p><p>方法装饰器表达式会在运行时当作函数被调用，传入下列3个参数：</p><ol><li>对于静态成员来说是类的构造函数，对于实例成员是类的原型对象。</li><li>成员的名字。</li><li>成员的<em>属性描述符</em>。</li></ol><p>如果方法装饰器返回一个值，它会被用作方法的<em>属性描述符</em>。</p><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">logResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">descriptor</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PropertyDescriptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> descriptor.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  descriptor.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用新的方法来替换原有方法，输出 方法名称 + 输入的参数 实现日志的增强功能</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apply</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rest)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(propertyKey </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @logResult</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @logResult</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;张三&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">p.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// getName：张三</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">p.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// getAge：18</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">logResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">descriptor</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PropertyDescriptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> descriptor.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  descriptor.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#E36209;">rest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用新的方法来替换原有方法，输出 方法名称 + 输入的参数 实现日志的增强功能</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">result</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apply</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rest)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(propertyKey </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @logResult</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @logResult</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;张三&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">p.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// getName：张三</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">p.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// getAge：18</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;reflect-metadata&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">formatMetadataKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;format&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">formatString</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Reflect.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(formatMetadataKey, formatString);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFormat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Reflect.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMetadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(formatMetadataKey, target, propertyKey);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Greeter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello, %s&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">greeting</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.greeting </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">greet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatString </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFormat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;greeting&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;%s&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.greeting);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Greeter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">greet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;Hello, world&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;reflect-metadata&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">formatMetadataKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Symbol</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;format&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">formatString</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Reflect.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(formatMetadataKey, formatString);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFormat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Reflect.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMetadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(formatMetadataKey, target, propertyKey);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Greeter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello, %s&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">greeting</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.greeting </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">greet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatString </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFormat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;greeting&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;%s&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.greeting);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Greeter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">greet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &quot;Hello, world&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="参数装饰器" tabindex="-1">参数装饰器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#参数装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;参数装饰器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>参数装饰器用于装饰函数参数，参数装饰器接收3个参数：</p><ul><li><code>target</code>: 对于静态成员来说是类的构造函数，对于实例成员是类的原型对象</li><li><code>propertyKey</code>: 方法名。</li><li><code>paramIndex</code>: 参数所在位置的索引。</li></ul><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">paramDecorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">paramIndex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(target, propertyKey, paramIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">constructor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@paramDecorator </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;张三&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Person、setName、0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">p.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;李四&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">paramDecorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">propertyKey</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">paramIndex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(target, propertyKey, paramIndex)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">constructor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> age</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@paramDecorator </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;张三&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Person、setName、0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">p.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;李四&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/frontend/base/Typescript.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/frontend/base/Nodejs.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Nodejs</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Webpack</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Webpack</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>jQuery</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>框架</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_base_Webpack" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="webpack" tabindex="-1">Webpack <a class="header-anchor" href="#webpack" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Webpack&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>webpack时前端项目工程化的具体解决方案。webpack的主要功能：提供了友好的前端模块化开发支持、代码压缩混淆、处理浏览器端javascript得兼容性、性能优化等强大的功能。</p></blockquote><h2 id="前端工程化" tabindex="-1">前端工程化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#前端工程化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;前端工程化&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>模块化</li><li>组件化</li><li>规范话</li><li>自动化</li></ul><h2 id="基础使用" tabindex="-1">基础使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础使用&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><code>npm install webpack@version webpack-cli@version -D</code></p></li><li><p>webpack.config.js</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  mode: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;development&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可取值development和production，前者不会压缩和性能优化，打包速度快</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  mode: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;development&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可取值development和production，前者不会压缩和性能优化，打包速度快</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>package.json</p><ul><li><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;script&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;webpack&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;script&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;webpack&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="默认约定" tabindex="-1">默认约定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#默认约定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;默认约定&quot;">​</a></h3><p>webpack 4.x和5.x版本有如下默认约定</p><ul><li>默认打包入口文件：src -&gt; index.js</li><li>默认输出文件路径：dist -&gt; main.js</li></ul><h3 id="修改打包默认约定" tabindex="-1">修改打包默认约定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改打包默认约定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改打包默认约定&quot;">​</a></h3><p>可以在webpack.config.js中</p><ul><li>修改entry节点指定打包入口</li><li>修改output节点指定输出</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  entry: path.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">join</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./src/index.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  output: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path: path.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">join</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./dist&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    filename: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;js/bundle.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  entry: path.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">join</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./src/index.js&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  output: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path: path.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">join</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./dist&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    filename: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;js/bundle.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="插件" tabindex="-1">插件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#插件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;插件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="webpack-dev-server" tabindex="-1">webpack-dev-server <a class="header-anchor" href="#webpack-dev-server" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;webpack-dev-server&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>类似node.js中的nodemon</p></li><li><p>修改源代码后webpack会自动进行项目打包和构建</p></li><li><p><code>npm install webpack-dev-server@version -D</code></p></li><li><p>修改package.json的script</p><ul><li><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;webpack serve&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;webpack serve&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="html-webpack-plugin" tabindex="-1">html-webpack-plugin <a class="header-anchor" href="#html-webpack-plugin" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;html-webpack-plugin&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>可以定制index.html内容</p></li><li><p><code>npm install html-webpack-plugin@version -D</code></p></li><li><p>配置webpack.config.js</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HtmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;html-webpack-plugin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">htmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HtmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  template: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./src/index.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//源文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  filename: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./index.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//生成的问题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  mode: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;development&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  plugins: [htmlPlugin]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HtmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;html-webpack-plugin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">htmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HtmlPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  template: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./src/index.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//源文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  filename: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./index.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//生成的问题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  mode: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;development&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  plugins: [htmlPlugin]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="clean-webpack-plugin" tabindex="-1">clean-webpack-plugin <a class="header-anchor" href="#clean-webpack-plugin" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;clean-webpack-plugin&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>每次打包发布自动清理dist目录的旧文件</p></li><li><p><code>npm i clean-webpack-plugin@version -D</code></p></li><li><p>配置</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CleanWebpackPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">require</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;clean-webpack-plugin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cleanPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CleanWebpackPlugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">plugins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [htmlPlugin, cleanPlugin]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CleanWebpackPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">require</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;clean-webpack-plugin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cleanPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CleanWebpackPlugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">plugins</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [htmlPlugin, cleanPlugin]</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h3 id="devserver节点" tabindex="-1">devServer节点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#devserver节点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;devServer节点&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">devServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">host</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">127.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">devServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">host</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">127.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="loader" tabindex="-1">loader <a class="header-anchor" href="#loader" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;loader&quot;">​</a></h2><p>实际开发中，webpack只能打包处理.js模块，其他后缀的模块需要调用loader加载器才能正常打包</p><p>loader加载器作用：协助webpack打包处理特定的文件模块，比如：</p><ul><li><p>css-loader可以处理.css文件</p><ul><li><p><code>npm i style-loader@version css-loader@version -D</code></p></li><li><p>webpack.config.js的module-&gt;rules数组中添加loader规则</p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rules</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">css</span><span style="color:#F97583;">$</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, use: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;style-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;css-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//先执行css-loader,从后往前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rules</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">css</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">$</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, use: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;style-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;css-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//先执行css-loader,从后往前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>less-loader可以处理.less文件</p><ul><li><code>npm i less-loader@version -D</code></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rules</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">less</span><span style="color:#F97583;">$</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, use: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;style-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;css-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;less-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//先执行less-loader,从后往前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rules</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">less</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">$</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, use: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;style-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;css-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;less-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//先执行less-loader,从后往前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li></li></ul></li><li><p>babel-loader可以处理webpack无法处理的高级JS语法</p><ul><li><p><code>npm i babel-loader@version @babel/core@version @babel/plugin-proposal-decorators@version -D</code></p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rules</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">js</span><span style="color:#F97583;">$</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, use: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;babel-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, exclude:</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">node_modules</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rules</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">js</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">$</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, use: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;babel-loader&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, exclude:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /node_modules/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>配置babel-loader</p><ul><li><p>在根目录下创建<code>babel.config.js</code>配置文件</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  plugins: [[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@babel@plugin-proposal-decorators&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], {legacy: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  plugins: [[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@babel@plugin-proposal-decorators&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], {legacy: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>url-loader可以处理样式表中与url路径相关的文件</p><ul><li><p><code>npm i url-loader@version file-loader@version -D</code></p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rules</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     test: /\.jpg|png|gif$/,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     use: { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       loader: &#39;url-loader&#39;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       options: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         limit: 50000, //limit指定图片大小，单位byte，只有小于等于limit的图片才会被转为base64格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         outputPath: &#39;images&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">jpg</span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">png</span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">gif</span><span style="color:#F97583;">$</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, use: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;url-loader?limit=50000&amp;outputPath=images&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rules</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     test: /\.jpg|png|gif$/,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     use: { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       loader: &#39;url-loader&#39;,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       options: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         limit: 50000, //limit指定图片大小，单位byte，只有小于等于limit的图片才会被转为base64格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         outputPath: &#39;images&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">       }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { test:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">jpg</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;">png</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;">gif</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">$</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, use: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;url-loader?limit=50000&amp;outputPath=images&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="build打包发布" tabindex="-1">build打包发布 <a class="header-anchor" href="#build打包发布" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;build打包发布&quot;">​</a></h2><p>在package.json的script节点下新增build命令：</p><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;webpack serve&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;build&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;webpack --mode production&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;webpack serve&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;build&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;webpack --mode production&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="sourcemap" tabindex="-1">SourceMap <a class="header-anchor" href="#sourcemap" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SourceMap&quot;">​</a></h2><p>SourceMap是一个信息文件，里面存着位置信息。也就是说SourceMap文件中存储着压缩混淆后的代码所对应的转换前的位置。</p><p>出错的时候除错工具直接显示原始代码，而不是转换后的代码，方便后期调试。</p><ul><li><strong>开发环境</strong>在webpack.config.js中添加配置，保证运行时报错和源代码行数一致：</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  devtool: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;eval-source-map&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  devtool: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;eval-source-map&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><strong>生产环境</strong>省略devltool选项则最终生成文件不包含SourceMap，能够防止源码通过SourceMap暴露。如果只想定位报错具体行数，且不想暴露源码，可以将devtool设置为<code>nosources-source-map</code></li></ul><h2 id="其他" tabindex="-1">其他 <a class="header-anchor" href="#其他" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;其他&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>webpack.config.js配置目录别名</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">resolve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">alias</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//@代表源码目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: path.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">join</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./src/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resolve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">alias</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//@代表源码目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: path.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">join</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(__dirname, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./src/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/frontend/base/Webpack.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/frontend/base/Typescript.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Typescript</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>jQuery</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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diff --git a/frontend/base/jQuery.html b/frontend/base/jQuery.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1df054ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/base/jQuery.html
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en-US" dir="ltr">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
+    <title>jQuery | 故事</title>
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+    <script type="module" src="/assets/app.98759a4d.js"></script>
+    <link rel="preload" href="/assets/inter-roman-latin.2ed14f66.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="">
+    <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/chunks/framework.c46ad5ad.js">
+    <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/chunks/theme.cc3777bc.js">
+    <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/frontend_base_jQuery.md.6fdecc20.lean.js">
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+    <div id="app"><div class="Layout" data-v-1919c326><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><span tabindex="-1" data-v-0f60ec36></span><a href="#VPContent" class="VPSkipLink visually-hidden" data-v-0f60ec36> Skip to content </a><!--]--><!----><header class="VPNav" data-v-1919c326 data-v-7e5bc4a5><div class="VPNavBar has-sidebar" data-v-7e5bc4a5 data-v-a0fd61f4><div class="container" data-v-a0fd61f4><div class="title" data-v-a0fd61f4><div class="VPNavBarTitle has-sidebar" data-v-a0fd61f4 data-v-86d1bed8><a class="title" href="/" data-v-86d1bed8><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><img class="VPImage logo" src="/favicon.ico" alt data-v-8426fc1a><!--]--><!--[-->故事<!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></a></div></div><div class="content" data-v-a0fd61f4><div class="curtain" data-v-a0fd61f4></div><div class="content-body" data-v-a0fd61f4><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPNavBarSearch search" style="--vp-meta-key:&#39;Meta&#39;;" data-v-a0fd61f4><!--[--><!----><div id="docsearch"><button type="button" class="DocSearch 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data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_base_jQuery" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="jquery" tabindex="-1">jQuery <a class="header-anchor" href="#jquery" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jQuery&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="顶级对象" tabindex="-1">顶级对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#顶级对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;顶级对象&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>$</code>是jQuery的别称，也是jQuery的顶级对象，相当于原生JavaScript肿的window，把元素用<code>$</code>包装成jQuery对象，就可以调用jQuery的方法。</p><h2 id="入口函数" tabindex="-1">入口函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#入口函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;入口函数&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(document).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ready</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(document).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ready</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="dom对象和jquery对象" tabindex="-1">DOM对象和jQuery对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dom对象和jquery对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DOM对象和jQuery对象&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>用原生JS获取的对象是DOM对象</li><li>jQuery方法获取的元素是jQuery对象，本质是<code>$</code>对DOM对象包装后产生的对象（伪数组形式存储）</li><li>DOM和jQuery对象互相转换 <ul><li>DOM对象转jQuery对象：<code>$(dom对象)</code></li><li>jQuery对象转DOM对象 <ul><li><code>$(&#39;div&#39;)[index]</code></li><li><code>$(&#39;div&#39;).get(index)</code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="jquery常用api" tabindex="-1">jQuery常用API <a class="header-anchor" href="#jquery常用api" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jQuery常用API&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="选择器" tabindex="-1">选择器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#选择器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;选择器&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>$(&quot;选择器&quot;)</code></li><li>筛选选择器 <ul><li><code>$(&#39;li:first&#39;)</code></li><li><code>$(&#39;li:last&#39;)</code></li><li><code>$(&#39;li:eq(2)&#39;)</code>：索引号等于2</li><li><code>$(&#39;li:odd&#39;)</code>:索引号为奇数</li><li><code>$(&#39;li:even&#39;)</code>：索引号为偶数</li></ul></li><li>筛选方法 <ul><li>parent()</li><li>children(selector)</li><li>find(selector)</li><li>siblings(selector):查找兄弟节点 不包括本身</li><li>nextAll([expr])：查找当前元素之后所有同辈元素</li><li>prevtAll([expr])：查找当前之前所有同辈元素</li><li>hasClass(class)</li><li>eq(index)</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p>遍历DOM元素（伪数组形式存储）的过程叫隐式迭代：给匹配到的所有元素进行循环遍历，执行相应的方法，而不用手动进行循环调用</p><p>jQuery支持链式编程</p></blockquote><h3 id="样式操作" tabindex="-1">样式操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#样式操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;样式操作&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>操作样式：<code>jQuery对象.css(属性, 值)</code></li><li>参数可以是对象形式，设置多组样式:<code>jQuery对象.css({&quot;color&quot;: &quot;pink&quot;, &quot;font-size&quot;: &quot;15px&quot;})</code> (属性可以不用加引号)</li><li>获取样式属性值：<code>jQuery对象.css(属性)</code></li><li>设置类样式： <ul><li><code>jQuery对象.addClass(className)</code></li><li><code>jQuery对象.removeClass(className)</code></li><li><code>jQuery对象.toggleClass(className)</code></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="效果" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="显示隐藏" tabindex="-1">显示隐藏 <a class="header-anchor" href="#显示隐藏" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;显示隐藏&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>show([speed, [easing], [fn]]) <ul><li>参数都可以省略，无动画直接显示</li><li>speed：三种预设速度之一的字符串(slow/normal/fast)或表示动画时长的毫秒数值</li><li>easing：用来切换指定效果，默认<code>swing</code>，可用参数<code>linear</code></li><li>fn：回调函数，在动画完成时执行的函数，每个元素执行一次</li></ul></li><li>hide()</li><li>toggle()</li></ul><h4 id="滑动" tabindex="-1">滑动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#滑动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;滑动&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>slideDown()</li><li>slideUp()</li><li>slideToggle()</li></ul><blockquote><p>动画队列停止排队：stop()，必须写在动画的前面</p><p>jQuery对象.children(&quot;ul&quot;).stop().slideToggle()</p></blockquote><h4 id="淡入淡出" tabindex="-1">淡入淡出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#淡入淡出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;淡入淡出&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>fadeIn()</li><li>fadeOut()</li><li>fadeToggle()</li><li>fadeTo([[speed], opacity, [easing], [fn]]):修改透明度</li></ul><h4 id="自定义动画" tabindex="-1">自定义动画 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义动画" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义动画&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>animate(params, [speed], [easing],[fn])</li><li>params:想要更改的样式属性，以对象形式传递，必传。属性名可以不带引号，如果是复合属性需要采取驼峰命名</li></ul><h3 id="属性操作" tabindex="-1">属性操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#属性操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;属性操作&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>prop(属性名):获取元素固有属性</li><li>prop(属性名, 值)：设置元素固有属性</li><li>attr(属性名)：获取元素自定义属性</li><li>attr(属性名, 值)：设置元素自定义属性</li><li>data()：可以在指定元素上存取数据，并不会修改DOM元素结构，页面刷新，存放的数据会被移除，也可以获取h5自定义属性，不用data-开头</li></ul><h3 id="文本属性" tabindex="-1">文本属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文本属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文本属性&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>html()：相当于原生js中的innerHTML</li><li>text()：相当于原生js中的innerText</li><li>val()：相当于原生js的value</li></ul><h3 id="元素操作" tabindex="-1">元素操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#元素操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;元素操作&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- jQuery对象.each(function(index, domElement) { } )：遍历匹配的每一个元素，index是索引号，domElement是DOM元素对象，不是jQuery对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- $.each(obj, function(index, domElement) { })：遍历指定对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- 创建元素：var li = $(&quot;&lt;li&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- 添加元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.append(li)：拼接到最后</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.prepend(li)：插入到最前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.before(li)：放到元素之后</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.after(li)：放到元素之前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- 删除元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.remove()：删除匹配的元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.empty()：删除匹配元素的子节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">  - element.html(&quot;&quot;)：等价于empty()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- jQuery对象.each(function(index, domElement) { } )：遍历匹配的每一个元素，index是索引号，domElement是DOM元素对象，不是jQuery对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- $.each(obj, function(index, domElement) { })：遍历指定对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- 创建元素：var li = $(&quot;&lt;li&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- 添加元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.append(li)：拼接到最后</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.prepend(li)：插入到最前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.before(li)：放到元素之后</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.after(li)：放到元素之前</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- 删除元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.remove()：删除匹配的元素</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.empty()：删除匹配元素的子节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">  - element.html(&quot;&quot;)：等价于empty()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="尺寸、位置操作" tabindex="-1">尺寸、位置操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#尺寸、位置操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;尺寸、位置操作&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="尺寸" tabindex="-1">尺寸 <a class="header-anchor" href="#尺寸" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;尺寸&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>width()/height()：只包含宽高</li><li>innerWidth()/innerHeight()：+padding</li><li>outerWidth()/outerHeight()：+padding、border</li><li>outerWidth(true)/outerHeight(true)：+padding、border、margin</li></ul><h4 id="位置" tabindex="-1">位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;位置&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- offset()：设置或返回被选元素相对于文档(document)的偏移坐标，跟父级没有关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    - 有两个属性left、top</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    - 修改传递对象{top: 10, left: 30}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- position()：返回被选元素相对**带有定位父级**偏移坐标，如果父级都没有定位，以文档为准</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">- scrollTop()/scrollLeft()：被卷去的头部/左侧</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    - 可以传递参数直接跳到指定位置</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- offset()：设置或返回被选元素相对于文档(document)的偏移坐标，跟父级没有关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    - 有两个属性left、top</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    - 修改传递对象{top: 10, left: 30}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- position()：返回被选元素相对**带有定位父级**偏移坐标，如果父级都没有定位，以文档为准</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">- scrollTop()/scrollLeft()：被卷去的头部/左侧</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    - 可以传递参数直接跳到指定位置</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="jquery事件" tabindex="-1">jQuery事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jquery事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jQuery事件&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="事件注册" tabindex="-1">事件注册 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件注册" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件注册&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>element.事件(function(){})</code></li></ul><h4 id="事件处理" tabindex="-1">事件处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件处理&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="on" tabindex="-1">on <a class="header-anchor" href="#on" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;on&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>element.on(events, [selector], fn)</code><ul><li>events：一个或多个用空格分隔的事件类型，如click、keydown</li><li>selector：元素的子元素选择器</li><li>fn：回调函数，即绑定在元素身上的侦听函数</li></ul></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mouseenter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">css</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;background&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;skyblue&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">click</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">css</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;background&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;red&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mouseenter mouseleave&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toggleClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;current&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mouseenter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">css</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;background&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;skyblue&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">click</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">css</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;background&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;red&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">});</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;div&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mouseenter mouseleave&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toggleClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;current&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="事件委托" tabindex="-1">事件委托 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件委托" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件委托&quot;">​</a></h5><p>事件绑定在父元素上</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ul&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;click&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;li&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ul&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;click&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;li&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> () {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;111&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="on可以给未来元素绑定事件" tabindex="-1">on可以给未来元素绑定事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#on可以给未来元素绑定事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;on可以给未来元素绑定事件&quot;">​</a></h5><h5 id="事件解绑off" tabindex="-1">事件解绑off <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件解绑off" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件解绑off&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><code>element.off()</code>解绑所有</li><li><code>element.off(事件1，事件2...)</code>解绑指定</li></ul><h6 id="只触发一次的事件one" tabindex="-1">只触发一次的事件one <a class="header-anchor" href="#只触发一次的事件one" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;只触发一次的事件one&quot;">​</a></h6><p><code>element.one(事件,fn)</code></p><h5 id="自动触发" tabindex="-1">自动触发 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自动触发" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自动触发&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>element.事件()</li><li>element.trigger(事件)</li><li>element.triggerHandler(事件)：不会触发元素的默认行为</li></ul><h4 id="事件对象" tabindex="-1">事件对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p>事件被触发，就会有事件对象的产生</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">element.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(events, [selector], </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(event)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">preventDefault</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止默认行为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止默认行为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stopPropagation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止冒泡</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">element.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(events, [selector], </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(event)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">preventDefault</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止默认行为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止默认行为</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stopPropagation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阻止冒泡</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="其他方法" tabindex="-1">其他方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#其他方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;其他方法&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="拷贝对象" tabindex="-1">拷贝对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#拷贝对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;拷贝对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>$.extend([deep], target, object1, [objectN])</code></p><ul><li><p>deep:true-深拷贝，默认false-浅拷贝</p></li><li><p>target：目标对象</p></li><li><p>object：源对象</p></li><li><p>objectN：第N个源对象，会覆盖前面的相同属性</p></li></ul><h4 id="多库共存" tabindex="-1">多库共存 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多库共存" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多库共存&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>$</code>统一改为<code>jQuery</code></li><li>新的名称<code>$.noConflict()</code>/<code>jQuery.noConflict()</code></li></ul><h4 id="jquery插件" tabindex="-1">jQuery插件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jquery插件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jQuery插件&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>瀑布流</li><li>图片懒加载</li><li>全屏滚动:fullpage.js</li><li>Bootstrap组件、插件</li></ul><h2 id="jquery请求" tabindex="-1">jQuery请求 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jquery请求" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jQuery请求&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><code>$.get(url, [data], [callback])</code></p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      $.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx.com/api/getXxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a=b&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      $.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx.com/api/getXxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a=b&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><code>$.post(url, [data], [callback])</code></p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      $.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx.com/api/getXxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      $.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx.com/api/getXxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><code>$.ajax()</code></p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ajax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  type: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  url: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  data: {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">success</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">$.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ajax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  type: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  url: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  data: {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">success</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {}</span></span>
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data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_framework_Vue" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="vue" tabindex="-1">Vue <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Vue&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>Vue (读音 /vjuː/，类似于 <strong>view</strong>) 是一套用于构建用户界面的<strong>渐进式框架</strong>。</p></blockquote><h2 id="特性" tabindex="-1">特性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#特性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;特性&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>数据驱动视图：在数据变化时页面会重新渲染</li><li>双向数据绑定：DOM元素中的数据和Vue实例中的data保持一致，无论谁被改变，另一方都会更新为相同的数据</li></ul><h3 id="mvvm" tabindex="-1">MVVM <a class="header-anchor" href="#mvvm" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MVVM&quot;">​</a></h3><p>MVVM是Vue实现数据驱动视图和双向数据绑定的原理。MVVM指的是Model、View和ViewModel。</p><ul><li>Model：当前页面渲染时依赖的数据源</li><li>View：当前页面渲染的DOM结构</li><li>ViewModel：Vue的实例，MVVM的核心</li></ul><p>ViewModel把Model和View连接在一起，同时监听DOM变化和数据源的变化。</p><h2 id="起步" tabindex="-1">起步 <a class="header-anchor" href="#起步" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;起步&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">doctype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;viewport&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ie=edge&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;Document&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;app&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {{ msg }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">src</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2/dist/vue.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">vm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        el: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            msg: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#22863A;">doctype</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;viewport&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;X-UA-Compatible&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ie=edge&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;Document&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;app&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {{ msg }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">src</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2/dist/vue.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">vm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        el: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            msg: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="指令和过滤器" tabindex="-1">指令和过滤器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指令和过滤器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指令和过滤器&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="内容渲染" tabindex="-1">内容渲染 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内容渲染" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内容渲染&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>v-test <ul><li><code>&lt;p v-test=username&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</code>：把username值渲染到p标签中</li><li><code>&lt;p v-test=gender&gt;性别&lt;/p&gt;</code>:把gender值渲染到p标签中，原有的值会被覆盖</li></ul></li><li> <ul><li>插值表达式(Mustache),专门用来解决v-text会覆盖默认文本内容的问题，不能用在属性上</li><li><code>&lt;p&gt;性别 &lt;/p&gt;</code></li><li>支持javascript表达式</li></ul></li><li>v-html <ul><li>把包含HTML标签的字符串渲染为页面的HTML元素</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="属性绑定" tabindex="-1">属性绑定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#属性绑定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;属性绑定&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>v-bind：单向绑定 <ul><li><code>v-bind:属性名</code></li><li>简写为<code>:属性名</code></li><li>支持javascript表达式</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="事件绑定" tabindex="-1">事件绑定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件绑定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件绑定&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="v-on" tabindex="-1">v-on <a class="header-anchor" href="#v-on" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;v-on&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p><code>v-on:事件名=&quot;函数(param)&quot;</code>：v-on:click=&quot;add&quot;</p></li><li><p>简写为：<code>@</code>,例如<code>@click=&quot;add&quot;</code></p></li><li><p>函数定义在vue实例的methods中</p></li><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">methods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">param</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ES6写法： </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">methods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(param) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">methods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">param</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ES6写法： </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">methods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(param) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>不传参数默认参数列表有事件对象e,如果传参可以用<code>$event</code>传递事件对象</p></li><li><p>事件修饰符</p><ul><li><code>@click.prevent=show()</code>：绑定事件并阻止默认行为</li><li>stop：阻止事件冒泡</li><li>capture：以捕获模式触发当前事件处理函数</li><li>once：绑定事件只触发一次</li><li>self：只有在even.target时当前元素自身时触发事件处理函数</li></ul></li><li><p>按键修饰符</p><ul><li>判断详细的案件 <ul><li>@keyup.enter=submit</li><li>esc</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="双向绑定" tabindex="-1">双向绑定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#双向绑定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;双向绑定&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>v-model：不操作DOM情况下，快速获取表单数据</li><li>修饰符 <ul><li>.nubmer：自动将输入转为数值</li><li>.trim：自动过滤输入的首尾空白字符</li><li>.lazy：在change时更新，input时不更新</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="条件渲染" tabindex="-1">条件渲染 <a class="header-anchor" href="#条件渲染" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;条件渲染&quot;">​</a></h3><p>控制DOM的显示与隐藏</p><ul><li>v-if <ul><li>通过添加、移除元素实现</li><li>如果刚进入页面不需要被展示，而且后期可能也不需要展示此时v-if性能更好</li><li>配套指令：v-else、v-else-if</li></ul></li><li>v-show <ul><li>display控制元素显示、隐藏</li><li>如果频繁切换显示状态用v-show更好</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="列表渲染" tabindex="-1">列表渲染 <a class="header-anchor" href="#列表渲染" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;列表渲染&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="v-for渲染数组" tabindex="-1">v-for渲染数组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#v-for渲染数组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;v-for渲染数组&quot;">​</a></h4><p>基于一个数组来循环渲染一个列表结构。v-for指令需要用item in items形式的特殊语法</p><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;item in items&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;姓名是： {{ item.name }}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;(item,index) in items&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;姓名是： {{ item.name }}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;item in items&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;姓名是： {{ item.name }}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;(item,index) in items&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;姓名是： {{ item.name }}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>items：待循环数组</li><li>item：被循环的每一项</li><li>index：索引号，从0开始</li></ul><p>建议用到v-for指令，要绑定一个<code>:key</code>属性，而且尽量把id作为key</p><ul><li>key的值要是字符串/数字类型</li><li>index作为key没有任何意义，因为index没有唯一性（和数据没有绑定关系）</li><li>指定key可以提升性能、防止列表状态紊乱</li></ul><h4 id="v-for渲染对象" tabindex="-1">v-for渲染对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#v-for渲染对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;v-for渲染对象&quot;">​</a></h4><p>完整语法</p><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;(value, key, index) in myObject&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ value }} {{ kye }} {{ index }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;(value, key, index) in myObject&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ value }} {{ kye }} {{ index }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">li</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="过滤器-vue3已移除" tabindex="-1">过滤器（vue3已移除） <a class="header-anchor" href="#过滤器-vue3已移除" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;过滤器（vue3已移除）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>常用于文本格式化，过滤器可以用在两个地方：插值表达式和v-bind属性绑定，过滤器本质是函数，被定义在vue实例的filters节点下</p><ul><li><code>&lt;p&gt; 0&lt;/p&gt;</code>：调用captitalize过滤器，对message进行格式化</li><li><code>&lt;div v-bind:id=&quot;rawId | formatId&quot;&gt;&lt;/div</code>：调用formatId过滤器，对rawId进行格式化</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">filters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">capitalize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(val) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> val.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toUppercase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> var.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">capitalize</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(val) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> val.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toUppercase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> var.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="私有过滤器和全局过滤器" tabindex="-1">私有过滤器和全局过滤器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#私有过滤器和全局过滤器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;私有过滤器和全局过滤器&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>私有过滤器：定义在vue实例的filters节点下</li><li>全局过滤器：使用Vue.filter(filter, (str) =&gt; {return xxx})定义</li></ul><h4 id="连续调用-传参" tabindex="-1">连续调用&amp;传参 <a class="header-anchor" href="#连续调用-传参" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;连续调用&amp;传参&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ msg </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> filterA </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filterB</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg1, arg2)}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ msg </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> filterA </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filterB</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg1, arg2)}}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="侦听器" tabindex="-1">侦听器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侦听器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侦听器&quot;">​</a></h2><p>watch侦听器语序开发者监视数据的变化，从而针对数据的变化做特定的操作。</p><h3 id="侦听器格式" tabindex="-1">侦听器格式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#侦听器格式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;侦听器格式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>watch定义在vue实例的watch节点下</p><ul><li><p>方法格式的侦听器</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">watch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal, oldVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal, oldVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">watch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal, oldVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal, oldVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>缺点</p><ul><li>无法在刚进入页面时自动触发</li><li>如果侦听的是一个对象，对象属性发生变化不会触发侦听器</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>对象格式的侦听器</p><ul><li><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">watch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal, oldVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal, oldVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">immediate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">deep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;info.age&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">watch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal, oldVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal, oldVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">immediate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">deep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;info.age&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>可以通过<strong>immediate</strong>选项让侦听器立即触发</p></li><li><p>可以通过<code>deep</code>选项开启深度监听，可以监听到对象的任何一个属性变化</p></li><li><p>如果要侦听的是对象的子属性变化，则必须包裹一层单引号</p></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="计算属性" tabindex="-1">计算属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#计算属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;计算属性&quot;">​</a></h2><p>通过运算得到的属性值，可以被模版结构或methods方法使用。</p><p>计算属性放在vue实例的<code>computed</code>节点中</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> vm </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  el: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, g: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  computed: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算属性rgb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rgb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`rgb(${</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}, ${</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">g</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}, ${</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">})`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算属性 allChecked</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    allChecked: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">every</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item.goods_state)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">newVal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item.goods_state </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rgb) }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> vm </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  el: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, g: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  computed: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算属性rgb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rgb</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`rgb(${</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}, ${</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">g</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}, ${</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span><span style="color:#032F62;">})`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算属性 allChecked</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    allChecked: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">every</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item.goods_state)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">newVal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item.goods_state </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rgb) }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">computed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allChecked</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">every</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item.goods_state)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item.goods_state </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">computed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allChecked</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">every</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item.goods_state)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newVal) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.goodsList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">item</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item.goods_state </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newVal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="axios" tabindex="-1">axios <a class="header-anchor" href="#axios" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;axios&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p>axios一个专注于网络请求的库</p></blockquote><p>基本语法：</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">axios</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  method: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;请求类型&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// URL中的query参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  params: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// body参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  url: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;请求的URL地址&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//.then用来指定成功的回调，result是请求成功后的结果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">axios</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  method: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;请求类型&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// URL中的query参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  params: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// body参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  url: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;请求的URL地址&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//.then用来指定成功的回调，result是请求成功后的结果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><p>结合async和await使用axios</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果调用方法返回值是Promise实例，则可以在前面添加await，await只能用在被async“修饰”的方法中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解构赋值的时候使用：进行重命名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">axios</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    method: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;POST&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;111&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res.data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#btn&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addEventListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;click&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果调用方法返回值是Promise实例，则可以在前面添加await，await只能用在被async“修饰”的方法中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 解构赋值的时候使用：进行重命名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">axios</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    method: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;POST&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;111&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res.data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>axios.get()</li><li>axios.post()</li><li>axios.delete()</li><li>axios.put()</li></ul><h3 id="vue工程中使用" tabindex="-1">vue工程中使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue工程中使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vue工程中使用&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> App </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./App.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> axios </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;axios&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.config.productionTip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 缺点：不利于api接口复用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 组件实例中直接用`this.$http`使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// axios.defaults.baseURL = &#39;请求根路径&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Vue.prototype.$http = axios</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">h</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">h</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(App)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$mount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(#app)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> App </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./App.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> axios </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;axios&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.config.productionTip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 缺点：不利于api接口复用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 组件实例中直接用`this.$http`使用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// axios.defaults.baseURL = &#39;请求根路径&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Vue.prototype.$http = axios</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#E36209;">h</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">h</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(App)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$mount</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(#app)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="vue-cli" tabindex="-1">vue-cli <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue-cli" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vue-cli&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p>单页面应用程序（Single Page Application）简称SPA，指的是一个Web网站中只有唯一的一个HTML页面，所有的功能与交互都在这唯一的一个页面内完成。</p></blockquote><p>vue-cli是Vue.js开发的标准工具。简化了基于webpack创建工程化的Vue项目的过程。</p><h3 id="安装" tabindex="-1">安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>npm install -g @vue/cli</code></p><h3 id="创建项目" tabindex="-1">创建项目 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建项目" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建项目&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>vue create projectName</code></p><h2 id="vue组件" tabindex="-1">vue组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vue组件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="组件组成" tabindex="-1">组件组成 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件组成" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件组成&quot;">​</a></h3><p>组件后缀名是<code>.vue</code>，vue组件包括三个组成部分</p><h4 id="template" tabindex="-1">template <a class="header-anchor" href="#template" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;template&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--template是一个虚拟标签，只起到包裹作用，不会被渲染成任何实质性HTML--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--template中只能有一个根元素--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--template是一个虚拟标签，只起到包裹作用，不会被渲染成任何实质性HTML--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--template中只能有一个根元素--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="script" tabindex="-1">script <a class="header-anchor" href="#script" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;script&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &lt;keep-alive&gt;实现组件缓存功能，调整工具中看到的标签名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// data必须是一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      xx: xx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 组件中的this代表当前组件的实例对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.xx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> yy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  watch: {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  computed: {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// &lt;keep-alive&gt;实现组件缓存功能，调整工具中看到的标签名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// data必须是一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      xx: xx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  methods: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 组件中的this代表当前组件的实例对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.xx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> yy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  watch: {},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  computed: {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="style" tabindex="-1">style <a class="header-anchor" href="#style" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;style&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;less&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 默认lang=&quot;css&quot; */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;less&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 默认lang=&quot;css&quot; */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="组件之间的父子关系" tabindex="-1">组件之间的父子关系 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件之间的父子关系" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件之间的父子关系&quot;">​</a></h3><p>组件被封装好后，彼此之间是相互独立的，不存在父子关系。</p><p>在<strong>使用组件</strong>时，根据彼此的嵌套关系，形成了父子关系，兄弟关系。</p><h3 id="组件使用步骤" tabindex="-1">组件使用步骤 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件使用步骤" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件使用步骤&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="注册私有子组件" tabindex="-1">注册私有子组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注册私有子组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注册私有子组件&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li>import语法导入需要的组件</li></ol><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> A </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/A.vu</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">e</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> A </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/A.vu</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">e</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li>使用components节点注册组件</li></ol><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	components: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		A </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注册名称主要用于 以标签形式把注册的组件 渲染和使用到页面结构之中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	components: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		A </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//注册名称主要用于 以标签形式把注册的组件 渲染和使用到页面结构之中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="3"><li>以标签形式使用注册的组件</li></ol><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;box&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;A&gt;&lt;/A&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;box&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;A&gt;&lt;/A&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="注册全局组件" tabindex="-1">注册全局组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注册全局组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注册全局组件&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Test </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Test.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;MyTest&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Test)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Test </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Test.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;MyTest&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Test)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="组件的props" tabindex="-1">组件的props <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件的props" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件的props&quot;">​</a></h3><p>props是组件的<strong>自定义属性</strong>，在封装通用组件的时候，合理的使用props可以极大提高组件的复用性。</p><ul><li>props中的数据，可以直接在模板结构中使用</li><li>props是只读的</li></ul><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  props: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    initCount: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      default: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      type: Number, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//规定属性的值类型，如果传递的值不符合，则会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      required: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//必填项</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      count: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.initCount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  props: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    initCount: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      default: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      type: Number, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//规定属性的值类型，如果传递的值不符合，则会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      required: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//必填项</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      count: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.initCount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="组件之间样式冲突" tabindex="-1">组件之间样式冲突 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件之间样式冲突" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件之间样式冲突&quot;">​</a></h3><p>默认情况下，写在组件中的样式会全局生效，原因是：</p><ol><li>单页面应用程序中所有的DOM结构都是基于唯一的index.hmtl页面进行呈现的</li><li>每个组件中的样式都会影响整个index.html的DOM元素</li></ol><h4 id="解决方案" tabindex="-1">解决方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解决方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解决方案&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>使用自定义属性:DOM元素增加自定义属性<code>data-v-xxx</code>，使用属性选择器设置样式<code>div[data-v-xxx]</code></p></li><li><p><strong>style标签增加<code>scoped</code>属性</strong>,会自动为每个标签生成<code>data-v</code>属性</p></li></ul><h3 id="deep样式穿透" tabindex="-1">deep样式穿透 <a class="header-anchor" href="#deep样式穿透" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;deep样式穿透&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>/deep/ 选择器</code></p><p>当使用第三方组件库，如果有修改第三方组件库的默认样式需求，需要用到deep</p><h3 id="组件的生命周期" tabindex="-1">组件的生命周期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件的生命周期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件的生命周期&quot;">​</a></h3><p>生命周期是指一个组件从创建-&gt;运行-&gt;销毁的整个阶段。</p><h4 id="分类" tabindex="-1">分类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分类&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>组件创建阶段 <ul><li>beforeCreate：组件的props/data/methods尚未被创建，都处于不可用状态</li><li>created：组件的props/data/methods被创建，都处于可用状态，但是组件的模板结构尚未生成</li><li>beforeMount：将要把内存中编译好的HTML结果渲染到浏览器中，此时浏览器中还没有当前组件的DOM结构</li><li>mounted：已经把内存中编译好的HTML结果渲染到浏览器中，此时浏览器已经包含当前组件DOM结构</li></ul></li><li>组件运行阶段 <ul><li>beforeUpdate：将要根据变化过后、最新的数据重新渲染组件的模版结构</li><li>updated：已经根据最新的数据，完成了组件DOM结构的重新渲染</li></ul></li><li>组件销毁阶段 <ul><li>beforeDestroy：将要销毁此组件但还未销毁，组件还处于正常工作状态</li><li>destroyed：组件已被销毁，此组件在浏览器中对应的DOM结构已被完全移除</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="组件数据共享" tabindex="-1">组件数据共享 <a class="header-anchor" href="#组件数据共享" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组件数据共享&quot;">​</a></h4><h4 id="父组件向子组件共享数据需要使用自定义属性" tabindex="-1">父组件向子组件共享数据需要使用自定义属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#父组件向子组件共享数据需要使用自定义属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;父组件向子组件共享数据需要使用自定义属性&quot;">​</a></h4><h4 id="子向父传值需要使用自定义事件" tabindex="-1">子向父传值需要使用自定义事件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#子向父传值需要使用自定义事件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;子向父传值需要使用自定义事件&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//子组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">methods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$emit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;numchange&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.count)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//子组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">methods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$emit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;numchange&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.count)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//父组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Son</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">@numchange=&quot;getNewCount&quot;&gt;&lt;/Son&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">methods:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getNewCount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(val) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		this.countFromSon </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> val</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//父组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Son</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">@numchange=&quot;getNewCount&quot;&gt;&lt;/Son&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">methods:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getNewCount</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(val) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		this.countFromSon </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> val</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="兄弟组件之间数据共享需要使用eventbus" tabindex="-1">兄弟组件之间数据共享需要使用EventBus <a class="header-anchor" href="#兄弟组件之间数据共享需要使用eventbus" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;兄弟组件之间数据共享需要使用EventBus&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//A组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bus </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./eventBus.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">methods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sendMsg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		bus.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$emit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;share&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.msg)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//eventBus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//兄弟组件B</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bus </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./eventBus.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">created</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bus.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;share&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">val</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.msgFromSibling </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> val</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//A组件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bus </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./eventBus.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">methods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sendMsg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		bus.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$emit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;share&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.msg)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//eventBus.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//兄弟组件B</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bus </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./eventBus.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">created</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bus.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;share&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">val</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.msgFromSibling </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> val</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="ref引用" tabindex="-1">ref引用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#ref引用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ref引用&quot;">​</a></h3><p>ref用来辅助开发者在不依赖jQuery的情况下，获取DOM元素或组件的引用</p><p>每个vue组件的实例上，都包含一个<code>$refs</code>对象，里面存储着对应的DOM元素或组件的引用，默认情况下组件的<code>$refs</code>指向一个空对象</p><h4 id="使用ref引用页面上的dom元素" tabindex="-1">使用ref引用页面上的DOM元素 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用ref引用页面上的dom元素" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用ref引用页面上的DOM元素&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;myDiv&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">// methods中访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">this.$refs.myDiv</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;myDiv&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">// methods中访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">this.$refs.myDiv</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="使用ref引用组件" tabindex="-1">使用ref引用组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用ref引用组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用ref引用组件&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">Son</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;compSon&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">Son</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">// methods中访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">this.$refs.compSon.方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">this.$refs.compSon.属性</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">Son</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;compSon&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">Son</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">// methods中访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">this.$refs.compSon.方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">this.$refs.compSon.属性</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="nexttick-callback" tabindex="-1">$nextTick(callback) <a class="header-anchor" href="#nexttick-callback" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;$nextTick(callback)&quot;">​</a></h4><p>组件的$nextTick(callback)方法，会把callback函数会推迟到下一个DOM更新之后执行。</p><h2 id="动态组件" tabindex="-1">动态组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#动态组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;动态组件&quot;">​</a></h2><p>动态组件指的是动态切换组件的显示与隐藏。</p><h3 id="component标签的is属性" tabindex="-1"><strong>component标签</strong>的<code>is</code>属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#component标签的is属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;**component标签**的`is`属性&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Left </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Left.vue&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Right </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Right.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      componentName: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Left&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  components: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Left,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Right</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:is</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Left </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Left.vue&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Right </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Right.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      componentName: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Left&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  components: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Left,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Right</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="keep-alive" tabindex="-1">keep-alive <a class="header-anchor" href="#keep-alive" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;keep-alive&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>keep-alive</code>标签能把内部的组件进行缓存，而不是销毁组件</p><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:is</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="对应的生命周期函数" tabindex="-1">对应的生命周期函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对应的生命周期函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对应的生命周期函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>被缓存：deactivated生命周期函数</li><li>被激活：activated生命周期函数，当组件第一次被创建也会执行</li></ul><h4 id="include-exclude属性" tabindex="-1">include/exclude属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#include-exclude属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;include/exclude属性&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>include可以指定哪些组件被缓存，只有名称匹配的组件会被缓存，多个用<code>,</code>分隔</p></li><li><p>exclude相反</p></li><li><p>两个属性不能同时使用</p></li></ul><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">include</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Left&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">include</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Left&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:is</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;componentName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">keep-alive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="插槽" tabindex="-1">插槽 <a class="header-anchor" href="#插槽" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;插槽&quot;">​</a></h2><p>插槽（Slot）是vue为组件的封装者提供的能力。允许开发者在封装组件时，把不确定的、希望由用户指定的部份定义为插槽。</p><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--Left.vue--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;default&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    这里可以指定默认内容，会被覆盖</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--Left.vue--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;default&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    这里可以指定默认内容，会被覆盖</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>渲染Left组件时</p><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--此区域必须在组件中声明插槽才会渲染--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--默认情况下 会被填充到名为default的插槽内--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> #</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--此区域必须在组件中声明插槽才会渲染--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--默认情况下 会被填充到名为default的插槽内--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> #</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      自定义内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">Left</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="slot" tabindex="-1">slot <a class="header-anchor" href="#slot" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;slot&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>声明一个插槽区域</p></li><li><p>每个插槽都要有一个name属性，如果省略，则使用默认名称default</p></li><li><p>作用域插槽：封装组件时，为预留的slot提供属性对应的值</p><ul><li><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">定义：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">msg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">-- </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">使用：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;scope&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {{ scope.msg }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">定义：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">msg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">-- </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">使用：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;scope&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {{ scope.msg }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>作用域插槽解构赋值</p><ul><li><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">msg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">slot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">#content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;{msg, user}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {{msg}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {{user}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">msg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:user</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">slot</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">#content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;{msg, user}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {{msg}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {{user}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="v-slot" tabindex="-1">v-slot <a class="header-anchor" href="#v-slot" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;v-slot&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>只能用在template标签上</li><li>使用具名插槽简写形式<code>#default</code></li></ul><h2 id="自定义指令" tabindex="-1">自定义指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义指令&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="私有自定义指令" tabindex="-1">私有自定义指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#私有自定义指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;私有自定义指令&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在每个vue组件中，可以在directives节点下声明私有自定义指令</p><h4 id="bind函数" tabindex="-1">bind函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#bind函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;bind函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>当指令第一次被绑定到元素上的时候，会立刻触发bind函数，且只会触发一次</p></li><li><p>形参el:绑定了此指令的原生的DOM对象</p></li><li><p>形参binding：传递过来的参数是binding中的value</p></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">directives</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">bind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">directives</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bind</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="update函数" tabindex="-1">update函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#update函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;update函数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>第一次不会触发</p></li><li><p>在DOM更新的时候就会触发update函数</p></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">directives</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">update</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">directives</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">update</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="函数简写" tabindex="-1">函数简写 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数简写" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数简写&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如果bind和update函数的逻辑完全相同，则对象格式的自定义指令可以简写为</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">directives</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">directives</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(el, binding) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="全局自定义指令" tabindex="-1">全局自定义指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全局自定义指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全局自定义指令&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>Vue.directive</code>声明</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">directive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">binding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">directive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;color&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">binding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">binding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">update</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">el</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">binding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">directive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">binding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">directive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;color&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">binding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">binding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">update</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">el</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">binding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      el.style.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binding.value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="路由-router" tabindex="-1">路由（Router） <a class="header-anchor" href="#路由-router" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;路由（Router）&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="模式" tabindex="-1">模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模式&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>hash模式</p></li><li><p>history模式</p><ul><li><p>publicPath/baseUrl</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//vue.config.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  publicPath: p<wbr>rocess.env.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NODE_ENV</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;production&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/production-sub-path/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//vue.config.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exports</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  publicPath: p<wbr>rocess.env.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NODE_ENV</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;production&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/production-sub-path/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>createWebHistory(<code>base?</code>)</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="工作方式" tabindex="-1">工作方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#工作方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;工作方式&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>用户点击路由链接</li><li>导致了URL地址栏中Hash值发生变化</li><li>前端路由监听到了Hash地址变化</li><li>前端路由把当前Hash地址对应的组件渲染到浏览器中</li></ol><h3 id="vue-router" tabindex="-1">vue-router <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue-router" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vue-router&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="安装-1" tabindex="-1">安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>npm i vue-router@version</code></p><h4 id="创建路由模块" tabindex="-1">创建路由模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建路由模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建路由模块&quot;">​</a></h4><p>在src目录下，新建<code>router/index.js</code>模块</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">router</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> router</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">router</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> router</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="导入并挂载路由模块" tabindex="-1">导入并挂载路由模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导入并挂载路由模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导入并挂载路由模块&quot;">​</a></h4><p>main.js中挂载路由模块</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//import router from &#39;@/router/index.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//简写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import router </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">h</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">h</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(App),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//router: router</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//属性名 属性值一致 可以简写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  router</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main.js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//import router from &#39;@/router/index.js&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//简写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import router </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#E36209;">h</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">h</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(App),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//router: router</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//属性名 属性值一致 可以简写</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  router</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="声明路由链接和占位符" tabindex="-1">声明路由链接和占位符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明路由链接和占位符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明路由链接和占位符&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>路由链接：<code>router-link</code></li><li>占位符<code>router-view</code>，组件在这里展示</li></ul><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;container&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/home&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;首页&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/movie&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;电影&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/about&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;关于&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    可以用router-link标签代替普通a标签，可以省略#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/home&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;首页&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/movie&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;电影&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#/about&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;关于&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-view</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">router-view</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;container&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/home&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;首页&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/movie&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;电影&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/about&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;关于&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    可以用router-link标签代替普通a标签，可以省略#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/home&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;首页&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/movie&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;电影&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#/about&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;关于&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-link</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-view</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">router-view</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>修改<code>router/index.js</code></p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Home </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Home.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Movie </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Movie.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> About </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/About.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">router</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// routes是一个数组：定义hash地址和组件之间的对应关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  routes: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路由规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, redirect: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Home },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/movie&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Movie },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/about&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: About }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> router</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Home </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Home.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Movie </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Movie.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> About </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/About.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">router</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// routes是一个数组：定义hash地址和组件之间的对应关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  routes: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路由规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, redirect: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Home },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/movie&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Movie },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/about&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: About }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> router</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="嵌套路由" tabindex="-1">嵌套路由 <a class="header-anchor" href="#嵌套路由" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;嵌套路由&quot;">​</a></h3><p>通过路由实现组件的嵌套展示，叫做嵌套路由</p><ul><li>模板内容中又有子级路由链接</li><li>点击子级路由链接显示子级模板内容</li></ul><h4 id="通过children属性声明子路由规则" tabindex="-1">通过children属性声明子路由规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过children属性声明子路由规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过children属性声明子路由规则&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Home </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Home.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Movie </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/Movie.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> About </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/About.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Tab1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/tabs/Tab1.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Tab2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;@/components/tabs/Tab2.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">router</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// routes是一个数组：定义hash地址和组件之间的对应关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  routes: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路由规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, redirect: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Home },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/movie&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Movie },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/about&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      component: About,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      children: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tab1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Tab1 },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        { path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tab2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, component: Tab2 }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> router</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Vue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> VueRouter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue-router&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Home </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Home.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Movie </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/Movie.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> About </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/About.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Tab1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/tabs/Tab1.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Tab2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;@/components/tabs/Tab2.vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用Vue.use()函数，把VueRouter安装为Vue的插件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Vue.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(VueRouter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">router</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// routes是一个数组：定义hash地址和组件之间的对应关系</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  routes: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 路由规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, redirect: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Home },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/movie&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Movie },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    { </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/about&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      component: About,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      children: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tab1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Tab1 },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        { path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tab2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, component: Tab2 }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> router</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">routes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    component: Home,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    meta: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      keepAlive: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      isRecord: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      top: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/user&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    component: User</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">router</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  routes,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrollBehavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">savedPosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (savedPosition) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> savedPosition</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      x: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      y: to.meta.top </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">routes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    component: Home,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    meta: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      keepAlive: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      isRecord: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      top: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/user&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    component: User</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">router</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  routes,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrollBehavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">savedPosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (savedPosition) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> savedPosition</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      x: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      y: to.meta.top </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="动态路由匹配" tabindex="-1">动态路由匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#动态路由匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;动态路由匹配&quot;">​</a></h3><p>把Hash地址中可变的部分定义为参数项，可以提高路由规则的复用性。</p><p>使用<code>:</code>来定义路由的参数项</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{ </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/movie/:id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">component</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Movie, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">props</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{ </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/movie/:id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">component</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Movie, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">props</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>组件中可以通过<code>$route.params.id</code>获取路径参数（Path Variable）</li></ul><blockquote><p><code>$route.params.query</code>获取查询参数</p><p><code>$route.params.fullPath</code>：包含路径和参数</p><p><code>$route.params.path</code>：只有路径没有参数</p></blockquote><ul><li>可以在路由规则中添加<code>props</code>传餐，在组件中定义props直接获取</li></ul><h3 id="导航" tabindex="-1">导航 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导航" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导航&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="声明式导航" tabindex="-1">声明式导航 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明式导航" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明式导航&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>a标签</li><li>route-link标签</li></ul><h4 id="编程式导航" tabindex="-1">编程式导航 <a class="header-anchor" href="#编程式导航" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编程式导航&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>location.href跳转</li><li>vue-router的编程式导航api <ul><li><code>this.$router.push(&#39;hash地址&#39;)</code>：跳转到hash地址，增加一条历史记录</li><li><code>this.$router.replace(&#39;hash地址&#39;)</code>：跳转到hash地址，并替换掉当前的历史记录</li><li><code>this.$router.go(数值n)</code>：可以在浏览历史中前进或后退 <ul><li><code>this.$router.back()</code></li><li><code>this.$router.forward()</code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="导航守卫" tabindex="-1">导航守卫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导航守卫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导航守卫&quot;">​</a></h3><p>可以控制路由的访问权限</p><h4 id="全局前置守卫" tabindex="-1">全局前置守卫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全局前置守卫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全局前置守卫&quot;">​</a></h4><p>每次发生路由导航跳转时，都会触发前置守卫，在前置守卫中，可以对每个路由进行访问权限控制。</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">router</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 每次路由跳转都会触发回调函数                              </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">router.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">beforeEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// to:将要访问的路由信息对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// from:将要离开的路由信息对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// next:一个函数，调用next()表示放行，允许这次路由导航</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">router</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">VueRouter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 每次路由跳转都会触发回调函数                              </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">router.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">beforeEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#E36209;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// to:将要访问的路由信息对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// from:将要离开的路由信息对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// next:一个函数，调用next()表示放行，允许这次路由导航</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="next的三种调用方式" tabindex="-1">next的三种调用方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#next的三种调用方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;next的三种调用方式&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>next()：直接放行</li><li>next(&#39;/path&#39;)：强制跳转到指定页面</li><li>next(false)：不允许跳转，强制保留在当前页面</li></ul><h2 id="vue3-0" tabindex="-1">Vue3.0 <a class="header-anchor" href="#vue3-0" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Vue3.0&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="创建项目-1" tabindex="-1">创建项目 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建项目-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建项目&quot;">​</a></h3><h3 id="vite" tabindex="-1">vite <a class="header-anchor" href="#vite" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;vite&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用：<code>npm init vite-app projectName</code></p><h3 id="create-vue" tabindex="-1">create-vue <a class="header-anchor" href="#create-vue" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;create-vue&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>create-vue</code>创建的项目也是基于vite的构建设置</p><p>使用：<code>npm create vue@3</code> 或者<code>npm init vue@latest</code></p><p>crete-vue同样支持vue2：<code>npm create vue@2</code> / <code>npm init vue@2</code></p><blockquote><p>Vite和Webpack的区别（内容来自ChatGPT）：</p><p>Vite和Webpack是两种常用的前端构建工具。</p><ol><li>底层实现不同</li></ol><p>Vite使用ES modules（ESM）作为模块系统管理，而Webpack使用CommonJS来管理模块。这意味着，在使用Webpack打包项目时，所有模块都将被打包到一个或多个bundle.js文件中，而Vite将原始文件作为模块提取和处理，并将其以一种非常高效的方式提供给浏览器。</p><ol start="2"><li>开发环境下的性能</li></ol><p>Vite在开发环境下启动非常快，不需要等待代码打包时间，并且在修改代码时，也可以直接进行热更新，非常适合在开发阶段使用。而Webpack在开发模式下代码打包速度较慢，启动速度也相对较慢，修改代码后也需要较长的时间来重新打包。</p><ol start="3"><li>生产环境下的性能</li></ol><p>在生产环境下，Webpack可以通过代码分割（Code Splitting）和 Tree Shaking来优化代码，减小打包后的文件大小。而Vite在生产环境下目前还不支持代码分割。因此，如果项目需要大量使用Code Splitting和Tree Shaking等技术，使用Webpack可能会更加合适。</p><ol start="4"><li>生态和可定制性</li></ol><p>Webpack具有强大的社区和众多的插件和Loader来处理各种文件和场景，可以根据不同的需求进行高度的定制。而Vite的生态和可定制性方面要弱于Webpack，它的插件数量还比较少。</p><p>总的来说，Vite是一种专门为现代浏览器设计的前端构建工具，它在开发环境下性能卓越，但在生产环境方面还有一些局限。而Webpack则是一种更加稳健和灵活的构建工具，它可以用于各种复杂的场景和需求，并且有着更强大的生态和定制能力，但需要进行更多的配置。选择使用哪种工具，应该根据具体项目需求和使用场景来进行选择。</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>create-vue和vue-cli的区别：</p><ul><li>vue-cli基于webpack，而create-vue基于vite</li></ul></blockquote><h3 id="构建一个vue实例" tabindex="-1">构建一个vue实例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构建一个vue实例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构建一个vue实例&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { createApp } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">createApp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      count: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { createApp } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createApp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      count: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mount</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;#app&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="feature" tabindex="-1">feature <a class="header-anchor" href="#feature" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;feature&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>vue3的模板中可以有多个根节点</p></li><li><p>api类型不同，vue2使用选项式api，vue3使用组合式api</p></li><li><p>定义变量和方法方式不同：vue2定义在data和methods节点中，vue3使用setup()方法，此方法在组件初始化构造的时候触发</p><ul><li><p>从vue引入reactive</p></li><li><p>使用<code>reactive()</code>方法声明数据为响应式数据<code>const state = reactive({ count: 0 })</code></p></li><li><p><code>&lt;script setup&gt;</code>：顶层的导入和变量声明可在同一组件的模板中直接使用。可以理解为模板中的表达式和 <code>script setup</code>中的代码处在同一个作用域中。</p></li><li><p>使用<code>ref()</code>定义响应式变量,<code>ref()</code> 将传入参数的值包装为一个带 <code>.value</code> 属性的 ref 对象：</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { ref } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { ref } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>和响应式对象的属性类似，ref 的 <code>.value</code> 属性也是响应式的。同时，当值为对象类型时，会用 <code>reactive()</code> 自动转换它的 <code>.value</code>。</p><p>一个包含对象类型值的 ref 可以响应式地替换整个对象：</p><p>js</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">const objectRef = ref({ count: 0 })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">// 这是响应式的替换</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">objectRef.value = { count: 1 }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">const objectRef = ref({ count: 0 })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">// 这是响应式的替换</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">objectRef.value = { count: 1 }</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><blockquote><p>响应式</p><p><a href="https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/essentials/reactivity-fundamentals.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/essentials/reactivity-fundamentals.html</a></p></blockquote></li><li><p>类和样式绑定</p></li><li><p>生命周期变化</p></li></ul><h3 id="响应式对象" tabindex="-1">响应式对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#响应式对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;响应式对象&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>ref()</p><ul><li><p>标注类型</p><ul><li><div class="language-typescript vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">typescript</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { Ref } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">number</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { Ref } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;vue&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">number</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>当 ref 在模板中作为顶层属性被访问时，它们会被自动“解包”，所以不需要使用 <code>.value</code></strong>。</p></li><li><p>当一个 <code>ref</code> 被嵌套在一个深层响应式对象中，作为属性被访问或更改时，它会自动解包</p></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/frontend/framework/Vue.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>jQuery</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>swift语法</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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new file mode 100644
index 000000000..319966121
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d="M17,19H3c-0.6,0-1-0.4-1-1s0.4-1,1-1h14c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1S17.6,19,17,19z"></path></svg><span class="menu-text" data-v-79c8c1df>Menu</span></button><div class="VPLocalNavOutlineDropdown" style="--vp-vh:0px;" data-v-79c8c1df data-v-1c15a60a><button data-v-1c15a60a>Return to top</button><!----></div></div><aside class="VPSidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-b00e2fdd><div class="curtain" data-v-b00e2fdd></div><nav class="nav" id="VPSidebarNav" aria-labelledby="sidebar-aria-label" tabindex="-1" data-v-b00e2fdd><span class="visually-hidden" id="sidebar-aria-label" data-v-b00e2fdd> Sidebar Navigation </span><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>基础</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg 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level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Webpack</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>jQuery</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>框架</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" 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new file mode 100644
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level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Webpack</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>jQuery</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>框架</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" 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data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_others_ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="elementplus-el-upload源码分析" tabindex="-1">ElementPlus el-upload源码分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#elementplus-el-upload源码分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ElementPlus el-upload源码分析&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>使用el-upload实现限制上传文件个数、超出数量后后者覆盖前者、自动上传且自行实现上传文件请求，文档写的不清不楚，试了半天都不行，还是看了源码才明白el-upload组件的整个流程。</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/ElemeFE/element/blob/dev/packages/upload/src/index.vue" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/ElemeFE/element/blob/dev/packages/upload/src/index.vue</a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/ElemeFE/element/blob/dev/packages/upload/src/upload.vue" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/ElemeFE/element/blob/dev/packages/upload/src/upload.vue</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="分析" tabindex="-1">分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分析&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>入口：index.vue的render函数</li><li>uploadData定义了参数结构，用于向子组件传参数，props中的几个属性就是el-upload标签的钩子</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// index.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(h) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> uploadList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.showFileList) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">uploadList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">UploadList</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">disabled</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadDisabled}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">listType</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">files</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on-remove</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleRemove}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handlePreview</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.onPreview}&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">props</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$scopedSlots.file) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$scopedSlots.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  file: props.file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">UploadList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">uploadData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      props: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        type: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.type,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        drag: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.drag,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        action: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.action,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        multiple: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.multiple,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;before-upload&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.beforeUpload,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;with-credentials&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.withCredentials,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        headers: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.headers,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        accept: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.accept,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fileList: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        autoUpload: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.autoUpload,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        listType: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        disabled: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadDisabled,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        limit: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.limit,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-exceed&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.onExceed,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-start&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleStart,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-progress&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleProgress,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-success&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleSuccess,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-error&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleError,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-preview&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.onPreview,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on-remove&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.handleRemove,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http-request&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.httpRequest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ref: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;upload-inner&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">trigger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.trigger </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.default;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">uploadComponent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">uploadData}&gt;{trigger}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> uploadList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.trigger</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [uploadComponent, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.default]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> uploadComponent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.tip}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> uploadList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// index.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(h) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> uploadList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.showFileList) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">uploadList</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">UploadList</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">disabled</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadDisabled}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">listType</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">files</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on-remove</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleRemove}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handlePreview</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.onPreview}&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">props</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$scopedSlots.file) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$scopedSlots.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">file</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  file: props.file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">UploadList</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">uploadData</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      props: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        type: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.type,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        drag: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.drag,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        action: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.action,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        multiple: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.multiple,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;before-upload&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.beforeUpload,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;with-credentials&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.withCredentials,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        headers: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.headers,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        accept: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.accept,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fileList: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        autoUpload: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.autoUpload,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        listType: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        disabled: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadDisabled,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        limit: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.limit,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-exceed&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.onExceed,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-start&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleStart,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-progress&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleProgress,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-success&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleSuccess,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-error&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleError,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-preview&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.onPreview,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on-remove&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.handleRemove,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http-request&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.httpRequest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ref: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;upload-inner&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">trigger</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.trigger </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.default;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">uploadComponent</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">uploadData}&gt;{trigger}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> uploadList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.trigger</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [uploadComponent, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.default]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> uploadComponent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.tip}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> uploadList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>渲染upload子组件，下面是upload组件的render函数</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// upload.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">render</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(h) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      handleClick,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      drag,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      handleChange,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      multiple,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      accept,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      listType,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      uploadFiles,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      disabled,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      handleKeydown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      class: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;el-upload&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      on: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        click: handleClick,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        keydown: handleKeydown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data.class[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`el-upload--${</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">listType</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">data} </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tabindex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          drag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">upload-dragger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">disabled</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{disabled} </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on-file</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{uploadFiles}&gt;{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.default}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">upload-dragger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$slots.default</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;el-upload__input&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;file&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;input&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{name} </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">on-change</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{handleChange} </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">multiple</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{multiple} </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">accept</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{accept}&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">div</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// upload.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">render</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(h) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      handleClick,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      drag,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      handleChange,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      multiple,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      accept,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      listType,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      uploadFiles,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      disabled,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      handleKeydown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      class: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;el-upload&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      on: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        click: handleClick,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        keydown: handleKeydown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data.class[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`el-upload--${</span><span style="color:#24292E;">listType</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">data} </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tabindex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          drag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">upload-dragger</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">disabled</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{disabled} </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on-file</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{uploadFiles}&gt;{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.default}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">upload-dragger</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$slots.default</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;el-upload__input&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;file&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;input&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{name} </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">on-change</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{handleChange} </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">multiple</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{multiple} </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">accept</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{accept}&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">div</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>主要关注<code>&lt;input class=&quot;el-upload__input&quot; type=&quot;file&quot; ref=&quot;input&quot; name={name} on-change={handleChange} multiple={multiple} accept={accept}&gt;&lt;/input&gt;</code>这个jsx代码中绑定了onChange时间，调用函数是<code>handleChange</code></p></li><li><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">// upload.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">handleChange(ev) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      const files = ev.target.files;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      if (!files) return;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      this.uploadFiles(files);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">// upload.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">handleChange(ev) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      const files = ev.target.files;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      if (!files) return;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      this.uploadFiles(files);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>可以看到handleChange直接调用了uploadFiles函数，而uploadFiles函数就是我们要追溯的内容了</p></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">uploadFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(files) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.limit </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fileList.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> files.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.limit) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.onExceed </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onExceed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(files, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fileList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> postFiles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.slice.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">call</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(files);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.multiple) { postFiles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> postFiles.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">slice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">); }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (postFiles.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  postFiles.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rawFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onStart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.autoUpload) </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.beforeUpload) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">beforeUpload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (before </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> before.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    before.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">processedFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fileType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.toString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">call</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object File]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          processedFile </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">File</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([processedFile], rawFile.name, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            type: rawFile.type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (rawFile.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(p)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            processedFile[p] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rawFile[p];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }, () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (before </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">uploadFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(files) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.limit </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fileList.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> files.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.limit) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.onExceed </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onExceed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(files, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fileList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> postFiles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Array</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.slice.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">call</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(files);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.multiple) { postFiles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> postFiles.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">slice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">); }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (postFiles.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  postFiles.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">rawFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onStart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.autoUpload) </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.beforeUpload) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">beforeUpload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (before </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> before.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    before.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">processedFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fileType</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.toString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">call</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object File]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          processedFile </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">File</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([processedFile], rawFile.name, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            type: rawFile.type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (rawFile.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(p)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            processedFile[p] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rawFile[p];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }, () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (before </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>首先判断是否超过限制，如果没有则会遍历files调用onStart函数,onStart函数是在index.vue中定义的，做了三件事 <ul><li>基于原始file构建新的file对象，基于当前时间增加uid，如果是图片展示模式，还会创建一个url做展示</li><li>将新的file对象push进上传文件的数组uploadFiles中</li><li>将处理过的uploadFiles传递给on-change钩子函数（文件状态改变，添加文件、上传成功和上传失败时都会被调用）</li></ul></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleStart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  rawFile.uid </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Date.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">now</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.tempIndex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> file </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    status: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ready&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name: rawFile.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    size: rawFile.size,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    percentage: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    uid: rawFile.uid,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    raw: rawFile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.listType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;picture&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      file.url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createObjectURL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[Element Error][Upload]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">push</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onChange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleStart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  rawFile.uid </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Date.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">now</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.tempIndex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> file </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    status: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ready&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name: rawFile.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    size: rawFile.size,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    percentage: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    uid: rawFile.uid,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    raw: rawFile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  };</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;picture-card&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.listType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;picture&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      file.url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createObjectURL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (err) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[Element Error][Upload]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">push</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onChange</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>onStart执行后会判断是否开启了自动上传，如果开启则会调用upload函数 <ul><li>upload中会调用判断是否定义了beforeUpload事件，如果没有直接调用post函数上传</li><li>如果定义了beforeUpload则会执行该函数，并根据该方法返回的结果决定如何处理文件 <ul><li>如果 beforeUpload 返回一个 Promise，则等待 Promise 执行完毕，并获取其返回值 processedFile。如果 processedFile 是一个 File 或 Blob 类型，则使用它来替换原始的文件并保留原始文件的属性，最后调用 post 方法上传替换后的文件；否则，仍然使用原始的文件上传。</li><li>如果 beforeUpload返回 false，则直接调用 onRemove 方法移除文件。</li><li>如果 beforeUpload返回其他非 false 的值，则直接上传原始文件。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.beforeUpload) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">before</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">beforeUpload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (before </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> before.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    before.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">processedFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fileType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prototype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.toString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">call</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object File]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          processedFile </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">File</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([processedFile], rawFile.name, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            type: rawFile.type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (rawFile.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(p)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            processedFile[p] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rawFile[p];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }, () </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (before </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.beforeUpload) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">before</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">beforeUpload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (before </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> before.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    before.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">processedFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fileType</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prototype</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.toString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">call</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object File]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (fileType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;[object Blob]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          processedFile </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">File</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([processedFile], rawFile.name, {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            type: rawFile.type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (rawFile.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasOwnProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(p)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            processedFile[p] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rawFile[p];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }, () </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (before </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onRemove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>post函数中的上传方法是httpRequest(options)，我们可以使用el-upload标签的http-request替换成自己的实现</li></ul><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">post</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">uid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rawFile;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">options</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.headers,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    withCredentials: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.withCredentials,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    file: rawFile,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    filename: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    action: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.action,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onProgress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onProgress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onSuccess</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">res</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onSuccess</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.reqs[uid];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">err</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.reqs[uid];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">req</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">httpRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(options);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.reqs[uid] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> req;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (req </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> req.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    req.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(options.onSuccess, options.onError);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleClick</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.disabled) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$refs.input.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">click</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleKeydown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.currentTarget) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.keyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">13</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.keyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleClick</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rawFile) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">uid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rawFile;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">options</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.headers,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    withCredentials: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.withCredentials,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    file: rawFile,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    filename: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    action: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.action,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onProgress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onProgress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onSuccess</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#E36209;">res</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onSuccess</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.reqs[uid];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#E36209;">err</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err, rawFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.reqs[uid];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">req</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">httpRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(options);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.reqs[uid] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> req;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (req </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> req.then) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    req.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(options.onSuccess, options.onError);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleClick</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.disabled) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$refs.input.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$refs.input.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">click</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleKeydown</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.currentTarget) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.keyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">13</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.keyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">32</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleClick</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="结果" tabindex="-1">结果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结果&quot;">​</a></h2><p>上面分析的是如果没有超过limit限制的情况，而我要实现的就是在超过限制之后依然能够自动上传。</p><p>回归到代码,uploadFiles函数在执行了onExceed钩子之后直接就return了，所以下面一直到上传的流程都需要我们自己去调用</p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">uploadFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(files) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.limit </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fileList.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> files.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.limit) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.onExceed </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onExceed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(files, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fileList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">uploadFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(files) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.limit </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fileList.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> files.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.limit) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.onExceed </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onExceed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(files, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fileList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在回顾下我的目标：限制上传文件个数为一个、超出数量后后者覆盖前者、自动上传且自行实现上传文件请求</p><p>所以：终极目标是执行完onExceed后能调用上传的函数，el-upload暴露给我们的函数是<code>submit()</code></p><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// index.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">submit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> file.status </span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ready&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.$refs[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;upload-inner&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file.raw);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// index.vue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">submit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">file</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> file.status </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ready&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">file</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.$refs[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;upload-inner&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file.raw);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到这个函数是将uploadFiles中的文件都调用了一次upload，所以我们要在onExceed函数中要做的事：</p><ol><li>在函数中把原有文件清除掉，然后替换为最新的文件</li><li>el-upload暴露的清除文件的方法: clearFiles</li></ol><div class="language-js vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">clearFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.uploadFiles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clearFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.uploadFiles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="3"><li>把最新的文件push到uploadFiles中，这里就要用到上面分析到的handleStart方法，而且这个方法中还会调用onChange钩子</li><li>文件已经push到uploadFiles中，所以只需要调用submit()函数即可</li></ol><h2 id="大致代码" tabindex="-1">大致代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#大致代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;大致代码&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-vue vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">vue</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">el-upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">action</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;upload&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">v-model:file-list</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;fileList&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:limit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Number(1)&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:on-exceed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;handleExceed&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:http-request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;handleUpload&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">list-type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;picture-card&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">:auto-upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">el-upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ts&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { UploadProps, UploadInstance, UploadRawFile } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;element-plus&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">UploadInstance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * 超过限制后调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleExceed</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">UploadProps</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;onExceed&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">files</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 清除所有文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clearFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> files[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">UploadRawFile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    file.uid </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">genFileId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调用handleStart把file push到uploadFiles中 -&gt; handleStart会调用onChange方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleStart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">submit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">el-upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">action</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;upload&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">v-model:file-list</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;fileList&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:limit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Number(1)&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:on-exceed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;handleExceed&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:http-request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;handleUpload&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">list-type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;picture-card&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">:auto-upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">el-upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setup</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ts&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { UploadProps, UploadInstance, UploadRawFile } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;element-plus&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">UploadInstance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * 超过限制后调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleExceed</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">UploadProps</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;onExceed&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">files</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 清除所有文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clearFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">file</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> files[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">UploadRawFile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    file.uid </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">genFileId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调用handleStart把file push到uploadFiles中 -&gt; handleStart会调用onChange方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleStart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    upload.value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">submit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/frontend/others/ElementPlus el-upload源码分析.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>HackingWithSwift-2</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Webpack</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>jQuery</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>框架</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-1" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="hackingwithswift-1" tabindex="-1">HackingWithSwift-1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#hackingwithswift-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HackingWithSwift-1&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuoeXyslFTuZRi4q4VT6lZKxYbr7so1Mr" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuoeXyslFTuZRi4q4VT6lZKxYbr7so1Mr</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="wesplitapp" tabindex="-1">WeSplitApp <a class="header-anchor" href="#wesplitapp" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;WeSplitApp&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> checkAmount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> numberOfPeople </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tipPercentage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@FocusState</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amountIsFocused: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> totalPerPerson: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> peopleCount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(numberOfPeople </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tipSelection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tipPercentage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> checkAmount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tipSelection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> peopleCount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tipPercentages </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">25</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Section</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Amount&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $checkAmount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">currency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">code</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">keyboardType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.decimalPad)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">focused</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">($amountIsFocused)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Picker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Number of people&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $numberOfPeople) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> people&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Picker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Tip percentage&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $tipPercentage) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tipPercentages, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .percent)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">pickerStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.segmented)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }header</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;How much tip do you want to leave&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(totalPerPerson, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">currency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">code</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;WeSplit&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ToolbarItemGroup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">placement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .keyboard) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Done&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        amountIsFocused </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> checkAmount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> numberOfPeople </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tipPercentage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@FocusState</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amountIsFocused: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> totalPerPerson: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> peopleCount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(numberOfPeople </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tipSelection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tipPercentage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> checkAmount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tipSelection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> peopleCount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tipPercentages </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">25</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Section</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Amount&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $checkAmount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">currency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">code</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">keyboardType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.decimalPad)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">focused</span><span style="color:#24292E;">($amountIsFocused)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Picker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Number of people&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $numberOfPeople) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> people&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Picker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Tip percentage&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $tipPercentage) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tipPercentages, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .percent)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">pickerStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.segmented)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }header</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;How much tip do you want to leave&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(totalPerPerson, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">currency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">code</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;WeSplit&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ToolbarItemGroup</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">placement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .keyboard) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Done&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        amountIsFocused </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>Form</p></li><li><p>TextField &amp; format: .currency(code: Locale.current.currencyCode ?? &quot;USD&quot;)</p></li><li><p>Picker</p></li><li><p>Section</p></li><li><p>toolbar修饰符</p></li></ul><h3 id="效果" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220711231438513.png" alt="image-20220711231438513"></p><h2 id="guesstheflag" tabindex="-1">GuessTheFlag <a class="header-anchor" href="#guesstheflag" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;GuessTheFlag&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-1" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showScores </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scores </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> countries </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Estonia&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;France&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Germany&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Ireland&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Italy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Nigeria&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Poland&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Russia&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Spain&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;US&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">shuffled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> correctAnswer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">random</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ZStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//AngularGradient(gradient: Gradient(colors: [.red, .yellow, .green,.blue, .purple,.red]), center: .center)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RadialGradient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">stops</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.76</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.26</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ], </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">center</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .top, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">startRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">endRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">700</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ignoresSafeArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Guess the flag&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.largeTitle.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">weight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.bold))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">spacing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    VStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Tap the flag of&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.subheadline.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">weight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.heavy))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(countries[correctAnswer])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.largeTitle.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">weight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.semibold))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {number </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">flagTapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(number)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(countries[number])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">renderingMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.original)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">infinity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.vertical, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.regularMaterial)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Score </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(scores)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bold</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(scoreTitle, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showScores) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Continue&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">action</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: askQuestion)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(scores)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">flagTapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> number: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> number </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> correctAnswer {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Correct&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            scores </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Wrong&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        showScores </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">askQuestion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        countries.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">shuffle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        correctAnswer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">random</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showScores </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scores </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> countries </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Estonia&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;France&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Germany&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Ireland&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Italy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Nigeria&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Poland&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Russia&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Spain&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;US&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">shuffled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> correctAnswer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">random</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ZStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//AngularGradient(gradient: Gradient(colors: [.red, .yellow, .green,.blue, .purple,.red]), center: .center)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RadialGradient</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">stops</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.76</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.15</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.26</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ], </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">center</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .top, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">startRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">endRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">700</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ignoresSafeArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Guess the flag&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.largeTitle.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">weight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.bold))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">spacing</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    VStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Tap the flag of&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.subheadline.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">weight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.heavy))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(countries[correctAnswer])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.largeTitle.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">weight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.semibold))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {number </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">flagTapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(number)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(countries[number])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">renderingMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.original)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">infinity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.vertical, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.regularMaterial)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Score </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(scores)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bold</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(scoreTitle, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showScores) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Continue&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">action</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: askQuestion)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(scores)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">flagTapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> number: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> number </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> correctAnswer {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Correct&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            scores </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            scoreTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Wrong&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        showScores </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">askQuestion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        countries.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">shuffle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        correctAnswer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">random</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点-1" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Gradient</li><li>alert</li></ul><h3 id="效果-1" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220711232134199.png" alt="image-20220711232134199"></p><h2 id="betterrest" tabindex="-1">BetterRest <a class="header-anchor" href="#betterrest" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;BetterRest&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-2" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CoreML</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wakeUp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultWakeTime</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleepAmount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> coffeeAmount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> alertTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> alertMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingAlert </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultWakeTime: Date {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> components </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DateComponents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        components.hour </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        components.minute </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Calendar.current.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: components) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Date.now</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">spacing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;When do you want to wake up?&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DatePicker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Please enter atime&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $wakeUp, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">displayedComponents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .hourAndMinute)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">labelsHidden</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">spacing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Desired amount of sleep&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(sleepAmount.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">formatted</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">())</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> hours&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $sleepAmount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">step</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.25</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">spacing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Daily coffee intake&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(coffeeAmount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1 cup&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(coffeeAmount)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> cups&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $coffeeAmount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BetterRest&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Calculate&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">action</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: calculateBedtime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(alertTitle, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingAlert) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(alertMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">calculateBedtime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MLModelConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> model </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SleepCalculator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">configuration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: config)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> components </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Calendar.current.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dateComponents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([.hour, .minute], </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: wakeUp)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hour </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (components.hour </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> minute </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (components.minute </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> prediction </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> model.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prediction</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wake</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hour </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> minute), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">estimatedSleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: sleepAmount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">coffee</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(coffeeAmount))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleepTime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wakeUp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> prediction.actualSleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            alertTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your ideal bedtime is ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            alertMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleepTime.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">formatted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .omitted, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">time</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .shortened)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            alertTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Error&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            alertMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Sorry, there was a problem calculating your bedtime.&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        showingAlert </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CoreML</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wakeUp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultWakeTime</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleepAmount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> coffeeAmount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> alertTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> alertMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingAlert </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultWakeTime: Date {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> components </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DateComponents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        components.hour </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        components.minute </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Calendar.current.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: components) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Date.now</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">spacing</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;When do you want to wake up?&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DatePicker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Please enter atime&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $wakeUp, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">displayedComponents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .hourAndMinute)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">labelsHidden</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">spacing</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Desired amount of sleep&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(sleepAmount.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">formatted</span><span style="color:#032F62;">())</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> hours&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $sleepAmount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">step</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.25</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">spacing</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Daily coffee intake&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(coffeeAmount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1 cup&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(coffeeAmount)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> cups&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $coffeeAmount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BetterRest&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Calculate&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">action</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: calculateBedtime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(alertTitle, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingAlert) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(alertMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">calculateBedtime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MLModelConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> model </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SleepCalculator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">configuration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: config)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> components </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Calendar.current.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dateComponents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([.hour, .minute], </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: wakeUp)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hour </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (components.hour </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> minute </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (components.minute </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> prediction </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> model.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prediction</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wake</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hour </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> minute), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">estimatedSleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: sleepAmount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">coffee</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(coffeeAmount))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleepTime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wakeUp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> prediction.actualSleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            alertTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your ideal bedtime is ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            alertMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleepTime.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">formatted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .omitted, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">time</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .shortened)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            alertTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Error&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            alertMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Sorry, there was a problem calculating your bedtime.&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        showingAlert </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点-2" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>CoreML机器学习</p></li><li><p>DateComponents、DatePicker</p></li><li><p>alert修饰符</p></li><li><p>Stepper</p></li></ul><h2 id="wordscramble" tabindex="-1">WordScramble <a class="header-anchor" href="#wordscramble" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;WordScramble&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-3" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-3" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> usedWords </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> errorTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> errorMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;enter your word&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $newWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">autocapitalization</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(usedWords, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { word </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        HStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(word.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.circle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(word)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rootWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">onSubmit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(addNewWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">onAppear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">perform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: startGame)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(errorTitle, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingError) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .cancel) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(errorMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addNewWord</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newWord.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lowercased</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">trimmingCharacters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .whitespacesAndNewlines)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> answer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isOriginal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wordError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Word used already&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Be more original&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPossible</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wordError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;word not possible&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;you can&#39;t spell that word from &#39;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(rootWord)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isReal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wordError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;word not recognized&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;you can&#39;t just make them up, you know!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        withAnimation{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            usedWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">insert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(answer, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">at</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        newWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">startGame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fileURL </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startWords </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: fileURL) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> allWords </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">components</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">separatedBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rootWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> allWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">randomElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;silkworm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Could not load start.txt from bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isOriginal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">usedWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">contains</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(word)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isPossible</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tempWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootWord</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> letter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> word {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pos </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tempWord.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">firstIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: letter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                tempWord.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">at</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: pos)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isReal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">word</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> checker </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">UITextChecker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> range </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NSRange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: word.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">utf16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> misspelledRange </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> checker.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rangeOfMisspelledWord</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: word, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: range, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">startingAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">wrap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">language</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> misspelledRange.location </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> NSNotFound</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wordError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        errorTitle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        errorMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        showingError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> usedWords </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> errorTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> errorMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;enter your word&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $newWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">autocapitalization</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(usedWords, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { word </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        HStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(word.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.circle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(word)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rootWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">onSubmit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(addNewWord)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">onAppear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">perform</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: startGame)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(errorTitle, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingError) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">role</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .cancel) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(errorMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addNewWord</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newWord.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lowercased</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">trimmingCharacters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .whitespacesAndNewlines)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> answer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isOriginal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wordError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Word used already&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Be more original&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPossible</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wordError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;word not possible&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;you can&#39;t spell that word from &#39;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(rootWord)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isReal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: answer) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wordError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;word not recognized&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;you can&#39;t just make them up, you know!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        withAnimation{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            usedWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">insert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(answer, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">at</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        newWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">startGame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fileURL </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startWords </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: fileURL) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> allWords </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">components</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">separatedBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rootWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> allWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">randomElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;silkworm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Could not load start.txt from bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isOriginal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">usedWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">contains</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(word)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isPossible</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tempWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootWord</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> letter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> word {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pos </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tempWord.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">firstIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: letter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                tempWord.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">at</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: pos)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isReal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">word</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> checker </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">UITextChecker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> range </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NSRange</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: word.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">utf16</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> misspelledRange </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> checker.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rangeOfMisspelledWord</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: word, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: range, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">startingAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">wrap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">language</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> misspelledRange.location </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> NSNotFound</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wordError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        errorTitle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        errorMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        showingError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点-3" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-3" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>TextField(&quot;enter your word&quot;, text: $newWord).autocapitalization(.none)</code></p></li><li><p><code>onSubmit</code>、<code>onAppear</code>修饰符</p></li><li><p>读取静态资源</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fileURL </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startWords </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: fileURL) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> allWords </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">components</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">separatedBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rootWord </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> allWords.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">randomElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;silkworm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Could not load start.txt from bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fileURL </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startWords </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: fileURL) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> allWords </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">components</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">separatedBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rootWord </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> allWords.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">randomElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;silkworm&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Could not load start.txt from bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>UITextChecker()</p></li></ul><h3 id="效果-2" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220711232805443.png" alt="image-20220711232805443"></p><h2 id="iexpense" tabindex="-1">iExpense <a class="header-anchor" href="#iexpense" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iExpense&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-4" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-4" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Expenses(ViewModel)</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Expenses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ExpenseItem]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">didSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSONEncoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoded </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoder.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(items) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                UserDefaults.standard.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(encoded, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Items&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> itemArr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> UserDefaults.standard.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Items&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decodedItems </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([ExpenseItem].</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: itemArr) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decodedItems</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Expenses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ExpenseItem]() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">didSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSONEncoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoded </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoder.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(items) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                UserDefaults.standard.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(encoded, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Items&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> itemArr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> UserDefaults.standard.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Items&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decodedItems </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([ExpenseItem].</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: itemArr) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decodedItems</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ExpenseItem(Model)</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ExpenseItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Identifiable, Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">UUID</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ExpenseItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Identifiable, Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">UUID</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>AddView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AddView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expenses: Expenses</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Personal&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> types </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Business&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Personal&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Picker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(types, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Amount&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $amount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">currency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">code</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">keyboardType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.decimalPad)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Add new expense&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ExpenseItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: name, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: type, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">amount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: amount)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    expenses.items.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AddView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expenses: Expenses</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Personal&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> types </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Business&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Personal&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Picker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(types, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Amount&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $amount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">currency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">code</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">keyboardType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.decimalPad)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Add new expense&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ExpenseItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: name, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: type, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">amount</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: amount)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    expenses.items.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ContentView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expenses </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Expenses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingAddExpense </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(expenses.items) { item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item.type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.subheadline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item.amount, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">currency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">code</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">onDelete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">perform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: removeItems)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;iExpense&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    showingAddExpense </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;plus&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingAddExpense) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">expenses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: expenses)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">removeItems</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">at</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offsets: IndexSet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        expenses.items.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">atOffsets</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: offsets)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expenses </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Expenses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingAddExpense </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(expenses.items) { item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item.type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.subheadline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Spacer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item.amount, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">currency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">code</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Locale.current.currencyCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">onDelete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">perform</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: removeItems)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;iExpense&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    showingAddExpense </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;plus&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingAddExpense) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">expenses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: expenses)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">removeItems</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">at</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offsets: IndexSet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        expenses.items.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">atOffsets</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: offsets)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点-4" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-4" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>MVVM</p></li><li><p>@StateObject、@Published、ObservableObject、@ObservedObject</p></li><li><p>UserDefaults(存储少量数据，常用于存储Preference)</p></li><li><p>JSONEncoder、JSONDecoder、Codable</p></li><li><p>属性观察器(willSet、didSet) 配合 UserDefaults保存数据</p></li><li><p>onDelete修饰符</p></li><li><p>sheet修饰符(弹出新页面)</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingAddExpense) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">expenses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: expenses)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingAddExpense) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">expenses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: expenses)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>@Environment(.dismiss) <strong>var</strong> dismiss(@Environment(keyPath) 可以读取系统环境数据，dismiss用于关闭当前展示页面)</p></li></ul><h3 id="效果-3" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果-3" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220711233432310.png" alt="image-20220711233432310"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220711233750123.png" alt="image-20220711233750123"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>SwiftUI入门</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>HackingWithSwift-2</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/HTML.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HTML</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/CSS.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>CSS</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/JavaScript.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>JavaScript</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Nodejs.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Nodejs</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Typescript.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Typescript</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Webpack</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>jQuery</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>框架</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_others_HackingWithSwift-2" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="hackingwithswift-2" tabindex="-1">HackingWithSwift-2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#hackingwithswift-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HackingWithSwift-2&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuoeXyslFTuZRi4q4VT6lZKxYbr7so1Mr" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuoeXyslFTuZRi4q4VT6lZKxYbr7so1Mr</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="moonshot" tabindex="-1">Moonshot <a class="header-anchor" href="#moonshot" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Moonshot&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Bundle-Decodable</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">extension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Bundle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Decodable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> file: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> T {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: file, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(file)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: url) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(file)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DateFormatter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        formatter.dateFormat </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y-MM-dd&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        decoder.dateDecodingStrategy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">formatted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(formatter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loaded </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( T.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: data) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(file)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loaded</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">extension</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Bundle</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Decodable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> file: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> T {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: file, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">withExtension</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(file)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">contentsOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: url) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(file)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DateFormatter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        formatter.dateFormat </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y-MM-dd&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        decoder.dateDecodingStrategy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">formatted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(formatter)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loaded </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( T.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: data) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Failed to locate </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(file)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> in bundle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loaded</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Color-Theme</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">extension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShapeStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Self == Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> darkBackground: Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lightBackgroud: Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Color</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">red</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">green</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">blue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">extension</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShapeStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Self == Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> darkBackground: Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lightBackgroud: Color {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Color</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">red</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">green</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">blue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Model</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Astronaut</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Codable, Identifiable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> id: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> description: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mission</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Codable, Identifiable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CrewRole</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> role: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> id: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> launchDate: Date</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> crew: [CrewRole]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> description: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> displayName: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Apollo </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(id)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> image: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;apollo</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(id)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formattedLaunchDate: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        launchDate</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">formatted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .abbreviated, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">time</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .omitted) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;N/A&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Astronaut</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Codable, Identifiable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> id: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> description: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mission</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Codable, Identifiable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CrewRole</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> role: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> id: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> launchDate: Date</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> crew: [CrewRole]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> description: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> displayName: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Apollo </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(id)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> image: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;apollo</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(id)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formattedLaunchDate: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        launchDate</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">formatted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .abbreviated, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">time</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .omitted) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;N/A&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ContentView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> astronauts: [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Astronaut] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;astronauts.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> missions: [Mission] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;missions.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> columns </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GridItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">adaptive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">minimum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">150</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">LazyVGrid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">columns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: columns) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(missions) { mission </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        NavigationLink{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MissionView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">mission</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: mission, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">astronauts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: astronauts)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            VStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.displayName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.formattedLaunchDate)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.subheadline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">opacity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">infinity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .overlay{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">stroke</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([.horizontal, .bottom])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Moonshot&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">preferredColorScheme</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.dark)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> astronauts: [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Astronaut] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;astronauts.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> missions: [Mission] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Bundle.main.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;missions.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> columns </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GridItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">adaptive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">minimum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">150</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">LazyVGrid</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">columns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: columns) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(missions) { mission </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        NavigationLink{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MissionView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">mission</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: mission, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">astronauts</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: astronauts)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            VStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.displayName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.formattedLaunchDate)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.subheadline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">opacity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">infinity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .overlay{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">stroke</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([.horizontal, .bottom])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Moonshot&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">preferredColorScheme</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.dark)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>MissionView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MissionView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CrewMember</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> role: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> astronaut: Astronaut</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mission: Mission</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> crew: [CrewMember]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        GeometryReader { geometry </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: geometry.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.top)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Rectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mission Highlights&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bold</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.bottom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Rectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Crew&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bold</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.bottom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.horizontal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ScrollView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.horizontal, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showsIndicators</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(crew, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \.role) { crewMember </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AstronautView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">astronaut</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: crewMember.astronaut)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                }label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(crewMember.astronaut.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">frame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">104</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">72</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            .overlay{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">strokeBorder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lineWidth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(crewMember.astronaut.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(crewMember.role)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.horizontal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.bottom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mission.displayName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mission</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Mission, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">astronauts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Astronaut]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.mission </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mission</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.crew </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mission.crew.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { member </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> astronaut </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> astronauts[member.name] {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CrewMember</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: member.role, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">astronaut</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: astronaut)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Missing </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(member.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MissionView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CrewMember</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> role: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> astronaut: Astronaut</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mission: Mission</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> crew: [CrewMember]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        GeometryReader { geometry </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">maxWidth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: geometry.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.top)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Rectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mission Highlights&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bold</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.bottom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Rectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.lightBackgroud)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.vertical)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Crew&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.title.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bold</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.bottom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.horizontal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ScrollView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.horizontal, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showsIndicators</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(crew, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \.role) { crewMember </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AstronautView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">astronaut</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: crewMember.astronaut)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                }label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(crewMember.astronaut.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">frame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">104</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">72</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            .overlay{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">strokeBorder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lineWidth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(crewMember.astronaut.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(crewMember.role)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.horizontal)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.bottom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mission.displayName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mission</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Mission, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">astronauts</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Astronaut]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.mission </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mission</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.crew </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mission.crew.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { member </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> astronaut </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> astronauts[member.name] {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CrewMember</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">role</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: member.role, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">astronaut</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: astronaut)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fatalError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Missing </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(member.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>AstronautView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AstronautView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> astronaut: Astronaut</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(astronaut.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(astronaut.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(astronaut.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AstronautView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> astronaut: Astronaut</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(astronaut.id)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(astronaut.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.darkBackground)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(astronaut.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>extension扩展Bubble读取静态资源文件、扩展Color用于设置背景色</li><li>LazyVGrid设置自适应的网格视图</li><li>.preferredColorScheme(.dark)设置首选项颜色</li><li>GeometryReader，可以获取父View的坐标、尺寸等</li><li>Image调整大小- resizable(), scaleToFit(),frame()</li></ul><h3 id="效果" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220712152252199.png" alt="image-20220712152252199"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220712152306254.png" alt="image-20220712152306254"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220712152317084.png" alt="image-20220712152317084"></p><h2 id="cupcakecorner" tabindex="-1">CupcakeCorner <a class="header-anchor" href="#cupcakecorner" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CupcakeCorner&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-1" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Order</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: ObservableObject, Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CodingKeys</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: CodingKey {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type, quantity, extraFrosting, addSprinkles, name, streetAddress, city, zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> types </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Vanilla&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Strawberry&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Chocolate&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Rainbow&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> quantity </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> specialRequestEnabled </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">didSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> specialRequestEnabled </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> streetAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> city </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> zip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hasValidAddress: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> streetAddress.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> city.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> zip.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cost: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $2 per cake</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cost </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(quantity) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// complicated cakes cost more</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cost </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $1/cake for extra frosting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> extraFrosting {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cost </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $0.5/cake for sprinkles</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> addSprinkles {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cost </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(quantity) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cost</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoder: Encoder) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoder.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">container</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">keyedBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: CodingKeys.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(type, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(quantity, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(extraFrosting, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(addSprinkles, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(streetAddress, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(city, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(zip, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">required</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder: Decoder) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">container</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">keyedBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: CodingKeys.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        quantity </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        city </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        streetAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        zip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: ObservableObject, Codable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CodingKeys</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: CodingKey {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type, quantity, extraFrosting, addSprinkles, name, streetAddress, city, zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> types </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Vanilla&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Strawberry&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Chocolate&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Rainbow&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> quantity </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> specialRequestEnabled </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">didSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> specialRequestEnabled </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> streetAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> city </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> zip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hasValidAddress: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> streetAddress.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> city.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> zip.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cost: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $2 per cake</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cost </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(quantity) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// complicated cakes cost more</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cost </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $1/cake for extra frosting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> extraFrosting {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cost </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// $0.5/cake for sprinkles</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> addSprinkles {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cost </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(quantity) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cost</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoder: Encoder) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoder.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">container</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">keyedBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: CodingKeys.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(type, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(quantity, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(extraFrosting, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(addSprinkles, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(streetAddress, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(city, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(zip, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">required</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder: Decoder) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decoder.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">container</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">keyedBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: CodingKeys.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        quantity </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .quantity)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        extraFrosting </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        addSprinkles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        city </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        streetAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        zip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ContentView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> order </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Picker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Select your cake type&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order.types.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">indices</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order.types[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Number of cakes: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(order.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">quantity</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.quantity, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Any special requests?&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isOn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.specialRequestEnabled.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">animation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> order.specialRequestEnabled {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Add extra frosting&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isOn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Add extra sprinkles&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isOn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddressView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: order)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Deliver details&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Cupcake Corner&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> order </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Picker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Select your cake type&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order.types.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">indices</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order.types[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Stepper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Number of cakes: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(order.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">quantity</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.quantity, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Any special requests?&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isOn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.specialRequestEnabled.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">animation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> order.specialRequestEnabled {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Add extra frosting&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isOn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.extraFrosting)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Add extra sprinkles&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isOn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.addSprinkles)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddressView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: order)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Deliver details&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Cupcake Corner&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>AddressView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AddressView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> order: Order</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Street address&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;City&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Zip&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $order.zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CheckoutView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: order)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Check out&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">disabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">order.hasValidAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Delivery details&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AddressView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> order: Order</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Street address&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.streetAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;City&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.city)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Zip&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $order.zip)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CheckoutView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: order)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Check out&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">disabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">order.hasValidAddress)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Delivery details&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>CheckoutView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CheckoutView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> order: Order</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> confirmationMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingConfirmation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AsyncImage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://hws.dev/img/cupcakes@3x.jpg&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scale</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { image </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } placeholder</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ProgressView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">               </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your total is </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(order.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cost</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, format</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">currency</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">code</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">))</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Place Order&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    Task {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">           </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Check out&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thank you!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingConfirmation) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(confirmationMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">guard</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> encoded </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSONEncoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">encode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(order) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Failed to encode order&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://reqres.in/api/cupcakes&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">URLRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        request.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">setValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;application/json&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">forHTTPHeaderField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        request.httpMethod </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;POST&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (data, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> URLSession.shared.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: request, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: encoded)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decodedOrder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">decode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Order.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            confirmationMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your order for </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(decodedOrder.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">quantity</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">x</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(Order.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">types</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[decodedOrder.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">type</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">].</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lowercased</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">())</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> cupcakes is on its way !&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            showingConfirmation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Check out failed ...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CheckoutView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> order: Order</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> confirmationMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingConfirmation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AsyncImage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://hws.dev/img/cupcakes@3x.jpg&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scale</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { image </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } placeholder</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ProgressView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">               </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your total is </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(order.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cost</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, format</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">currency</span><span style="color:#032F62;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">code</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">))</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Place Order&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    Task {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">           </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Check out&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thank you!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingConfirmation) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(confirmationMessage)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">guard</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> encoded </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSONEncoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">encode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(order) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Failed to encode order&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://reqres.in/api/cupcakes&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">URLRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        request.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">setValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;application/json&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">forHTTPHeaderField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        request.httpMethod </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;POST&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (data, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> URLSession.shared.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: request, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: encoded)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decodedOrder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">decode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Order.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            confirmationMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your order for </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(decodedOrder.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">quantity</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">x</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(Order.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">types</span><span style="color:#032F62;">[decodedOrder.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">type</span><span style="color:#032F62;">].</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lowercased</span><span style="color:#032F62;">())</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> cupcakes is on its way !&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            showingConfirmation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Check out failed ...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="知识点-1" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>Codable协议无法处理被@Published等属性包装器修饰的属性，需要额外编码来手动实现Codable协议</p></li><li><p>Form表单校验使用<code>.disabled()</code>修饰符</p></li><li><p>异步加载图像<code>AsyncImage</code>,这个View不能像普通Image一样直接使用<code>.resizable()</code>调整大小,需要特殊处理</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AsyncImage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://hws.dev/img/cupcakes@3x.jpg&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scale</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { image </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } placeholder</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ProgressView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//加载中loading view</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">AsyncImage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://hws.dev/img/cupcakes@3x.jpg&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scale</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { image </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } placeholder</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ProgressView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//加载中loading view</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>Button的action使用异步方法时需要使用Task</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Place Order&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Task {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Place Order&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Task {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">placeOrder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>使用URLRequest、URLSession发送http请求</p></li><li><p>异步方法，async,await关键字</p></li></ul><h3 id="效果-1" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220713143307866.png" alt="image-20220713143307866"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220713143325947.png" alt="image-20220713143325947"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220713143335966.png" alt="image-20220713143335966"></p><h2 id="bookworm" tabindex="-1">Bookworm <a class="header-anchor" href="#bookworm" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Bookworm&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="核心代码-2" tabindex="-1">核心代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#核心代码-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;核心代码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>BookwormApp</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BookwormApp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: App {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataController </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DataController</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Scene {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        WindowGroup {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\.managedObjectContext, dataController.container.viewContext )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BookwormApp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: App {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@StateObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataController </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DataController</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Scene {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        WindowGroup {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\.managedObjectContext, dataController.container.viewContext )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>ContentView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sortDescriptors</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SortDescriptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\.title, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .forward), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SortDescriptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\.author, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">order</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .forward)]) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> books: FetchedResults&lt;Book&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingAddScreen </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(books) { book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DetailView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">EmojiRatingView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rating</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: book.rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.largeTitle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unknown title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unknown author&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">onDelete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">perform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: deleteBooks)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Bookworm&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ToolbarItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">placement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .navigationBarLeading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">EditButton</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ToolbarItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">placement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .navigationBarTrailing) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        showingAddScreen.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Label</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Add book&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;plus&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingAddScreen) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddBookView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">deleteBooks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">at</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offsets: IndexSet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offset </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offsets {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> books[offset]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sortDescriptors</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SortDescriptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\.title, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .forward), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SortDescriptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\.author, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">order</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .forward)]) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> books: FetchedResults&lt;Book&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingAddScreen </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            List {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(books) { book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    NavigationLink {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DetailView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">book</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">EmojiRatingView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rating</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: book.rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.largeTitle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .leading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unknown title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.headline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unknown author&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">onDelete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">perform</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: deleteBooks)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Bookworm&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ToolbarItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">placement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .navigationBarLeading) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">EditButton</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ToolbarItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">placement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .navigationBarTrailing) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        showingAddScreen.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Label</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Add book&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;plus&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingAddScreen) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddBookView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">deleteBooks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">at</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offsets: IndexSet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offset </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offsets {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> books[offset]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">save</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>DataController</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CoreData</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DataController</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> container </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NSPersistentContainer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Bookworm&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        container.loadPersistentStores { description, error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> error {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Core data failed to load: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(error.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">localizedDescription</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CoreData</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DataController</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> container </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NSPersistentContainer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Bookworm&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        container.loadPersistentStores { description, error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> error {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Core data failed to load: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(error.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">localizedDescription</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>AddBookView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AddBookView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> genre </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> review </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> genres </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Fantasy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Horror&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Kids&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mystery&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Poetry&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Romance&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thriller&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Name of book&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Author&#39;s name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $author)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Picker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Genre&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">selection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $genre) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(genres, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TextEditor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $review)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rating</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } header</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Write a review&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: moc)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">UUID</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.genre </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.genre</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.review </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.review</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        book.rating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Add book&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AddBookView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> genre </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> review </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> genres </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Fantasy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Horror&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Kids&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mystery&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Poetry&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Romance&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thriller&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NavigationView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Form {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Name of book&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Author&#39;s name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $author)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Picker</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Genre&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">selection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $genre) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(genres, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TextEditor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $review)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rating</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } header</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Write a review&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Section {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Book</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: moc)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">UUID</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.genre </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.genre</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.review </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.review</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        book.rating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int16</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rating)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">save</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Add book&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>RatingView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Binding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> label </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> maxmiumRating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offImage: Image</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onImage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;star.fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offColor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color.gray</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onColor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Color.yellow</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> label.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(label)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">maxmiumRating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { number </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: number)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(number </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offColor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onColor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .onTapGesture {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        rating </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> number: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Image {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> number </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> offImage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onImage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onImage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Binding</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> label </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> maxmiumRating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offImage: Image</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onImage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;star.fill&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offColor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color.gray</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onColor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Color.yellow</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        HStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> label.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(label)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">..&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">maxmiumRating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { number </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: number)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(number </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offColor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onColor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .onTapGesture {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        rating </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> number</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> number: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Image {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> number </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> offImage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onImage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onImage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>EmojiRatingView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">EmojiRatingView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rating {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;☹️&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;😞&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;😊&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;😍&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;🤩&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">EmojiRatingView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rating {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;☹️&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;😞&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;😊&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;😍&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;🤩&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>DetailView</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DetailView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book: Book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showingAlert </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ZStack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .bottomTrailing) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.genre </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Fantasy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">resizable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.genre</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">uppercased</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;FANTASY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.caption)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">fontWeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.black)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.black.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">opacity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.75</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unknown author&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.review </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;No review&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rating</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">constant</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.rating)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book.title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unknown book&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Delete this book?&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: $showingAlert) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .destructive,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">action</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: deleteBook)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Cancle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .cancel) { }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Are you sure?&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                showingAlert </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Label</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Delete this book&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;trash&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">deleteBook</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DetailView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book: Book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\.dismiss) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dismiss</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showingAlert </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ScrollView {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ZStack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .bottomTrailing) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.genre </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Fantasy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">resizable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">scaledToFit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.genre</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">uppercased</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;FANTASY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.caption)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">fontWeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.black)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.white)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.black.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">opacity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.75</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">clipShape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Capsule</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unknown author&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.title)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.secondary)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.review </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;No review&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RatingView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rating</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">constant</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.rating)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationTitle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book.title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unknown book&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">navigationBarTitleDisplayMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.inline)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Delete this book?&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">isPresented</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: $showingAlert) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;OK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">role</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .destructive,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">action</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: deleteBook)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Cancle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">role</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .cancel) { }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Are you sure?&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        .toolbar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                showingAlert </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Label</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Delete this book&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;trash&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">deleteBook</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">save</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dismiss</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Bookworm.xcdatamodeld</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220714192129472.png" alt="image-20220714192129472"></p><h3 id="知识点-2" tabindex="-1">知识点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#知识点-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;知识点&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>CoreData相关概念，.xcdatamodeld文件、NSPersistentContainer、@Environment(.managedObjectContext)、context.save()、context.delete(xxx)、FetchRequest</li><li>TextEditor</li><li>通用RatingView</li></ul><h3 id="效果-2" tabindex="-1">效果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#效果-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;效果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220714192654745.png" alt="image-20220714192654745"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220714192710927.png" alt="image-20220714192710927"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220714192720403.png" alt="image-20220714192720403"></p><h2 id="coredata" tabindex="-1">CoreData <a class="header-anchor" href="#coredata" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CoreData&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>Conditional saving of NSManagedObjectContex</li></ul><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc.hasChanges {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(\.managedObjectContext) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Save&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc.hasChanges {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moc.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">save</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>Ensuring Core Data objects are unique using constraints</p><ul><li>配置CoreDataEntity的constranits</li><li>DataController增加</li></ul><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.container.viewContext.mergePolicy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> NSMergePolicy.mergeByPropertyObjectTrump</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.container.viewContext.mergePolicy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> NSMergePolicy.mergeByPropertyObjectTrump</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>Dynamically filtering @FetchRequest with SwiftUI</p></li></ul><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FilteredList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NSManagedOBject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">View</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fetchRequest: FetchedResults&lt;T&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">List</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fetchRequest, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:\.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filterKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filterValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, @</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ViewBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> content: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@escaping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (T) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Content) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    _fetchRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">T</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sortDescriptors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [], </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">predicate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NSPredicate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;%K BEGINSWITH %@&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, filterKey, filterValue))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FilteredList</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NSManagedOBject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">View</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fetchRequest: FetchedResults&lt;T&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">List</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fetchRequest, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:\.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filterKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filterValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, @</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ViewBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> content: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@escaping</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (T) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Content) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    _fetchRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FetchRequest</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">T</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sortDescriptors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [], </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">predicate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NSPredicate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;%K BEGINSWITH %@&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, filterKey, filterValue))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>HackingWithSwift-1</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/Webpack.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Webpack</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/base/jQuery.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>jQuery</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>框架</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/framework/Vue.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Vue</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_others_SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="swiftui入门" tabindex="-1">SwiftUI入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#swiftui入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SwiftUI入门&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="mvvm" tabindex="-1">MVVM <a class="header-anchor" href="#mvvm" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MVVM&quot;">​</a></h2><p>MVVM是一种架构设计范式，把数据和视图分离开，Model和View必须通过ViewModel通信。</p><h3 id="model" tabindex="-1">Model <a class="header-anchor" href="#model" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Model&quot;">​</a></h3><p>数据模型，负责数据和逻辑的处理，独立于UI界面，数据流（data flows）在映射到视图中的过程是<strong>只读</strong>的</p><h3 id="view" tabindex="-1">View <a class="header-anchor" href="#view" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;View&quot;">​</a></h3><p>渲染UI界面，展示Model数据，声明式（为UI声明的方法，在任何时候做它们应做的事情）、无状态的（不需要关心任何状态变化）、响应式的（跟随Model数据变化重新渲染）。</p><h3 id="viewmodel" tabindex="-1">ViewModel <a class="header-anchor" href="#viewmodel" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ViewModel&quot;">​</a></h3><p>执行解释工作（interpreter），绑定View和Model。ViewModel关注Model中的变化（notices changes），然后把Model的数据变更发布出去（publishes changed），订阅了（subsrcbes）某个发布（publication）的View会进行rebuild。</p><blockquote><p>ViewModel没有指向View的指针，不直接与View对话，如果View订阅了某个发布，就会询问ViewModel怎么适应变化，这个过程不会涉及Model，因为ViewModel的作用就是解释Model的变化。</p></blockquote><h2 id="mvvm的processes-intent" tabindex="-1">MVVM的Processes Intent <a class="header-anchor" href="#mvvm的processes-intent" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MVVM的Processes Intent&quot;">​</a></h2><p>MVVM有一个对应的关联架构，是Model-View-Intent。如果用户意图（<em>intent</em>）做一些操作，那么这些Intent就要进行View到Model这个反向传递过程。而swiftUI还没有进行这个设计，所以我们用下面一系列操作来处理Intent：</p><ul><li><strong>View</strong> <em>Calls Intent function</em> 视图调用方法</li><li><strong>ViewModel</strong> <em>modifies the Model</em> 视图模型修改模型</li><li><strong>Model</strong> <em>changes</em> 模型改动变化</li><li><strong>ViewModel</strong> <em>notices changes and publishes</em> 模型关注到变化并发布</li><li><strong>View whitch subscribes</strong> <em>Reflect the Model</em> 订阅变化的视图进行模型映射</li></ul><p>对比MVVM的映射过程，多了ViewModel处理View操作，并且修改Model这两个操作。</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/c14c70c0c9f7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.jianshu.com/p/c14c70c0c9f7</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="layout" tabindex="-1">Layout <a class="header-anchor" href="#layout" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Layout&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="hstack-and-vstack" tabindex="-1">HStack and VStack <a class="header-anchor" href="#hstack-and-vstack" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HStack and VStack&quot;">​</a></h3><p>stacks划分提供给自身的空间，然后把空间分配给内部的视图。优先给<code>least flexible</code>的子视图分配空间。</p><ul><li>Example of inflexible view : Image,Image视图需要一个固定尺寸</li><li>Another example(slightly more flexible): Text,需要一个完全适合内部文本的尺寸</li><li>Example of a very flexible View: RoundedRectangle,总是使用所有可用的空间</li></ul><p>在给一个视图它需要的空间后，这块空间从可用空间中被移除，然后stack继续给下一个<code>least flexible</code>的视图分配空间。<code>very flexible views</code>最后会平分空间。</p><p>在子视图选择了它们的尺寸后，stack会调整自己的size来适应它们，如果有<code>very flexible</code>的子视图，那么这个stack也会变得<code>very flexible</code></p><h4 id="layoutpriority-double" tabindex="-1">.layoutPriority(Double) <a class="header-anchor" href="#layoutpriority-double" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.layoutPriority(Double)&quot;">​</a></h4><p>可以使用<code>.layoutPriority(Double)</code>改变获取空间的优先级，默认值为0。<code>.layoutPriority(Double)</code>的优先级要比<code>least flexible</code>更高。</p><h3 id="alignment" tabindex="-1">alignment <a class="header-anchor" href="#alignment" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;alignment&quot;">​</a></h3><p>why .leading instead of .left？Stacks会根据语言环境判断对齐方式，例如有些语言(阿拉伯语)的文本是从右向左的。</p><h3 id="lazyhstack-and-lazyvstack" tabindex="-1">LazyHStack and LazyVStack <a class="header-anchor" href="#lazyhstack-and-lazyvstack" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;LazyHStack and LazyVStack&quot;">​</a></h3><p>不会build不可见的视图内容，通常用在ScrollView中</p><h3 id="scrollview" tabindex="-1">ScrollView <a class="header-anchor" href="#scrollview" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ScrollView&quot;">​</a></h3><p>占据所有可用空间，子视图大小根据滚动轴调整</p><h3 id="list、form、outlinegroup" tabindex="-1">List、Form、OutlineGroup <a class="header-anchor" href="#list、form、outlinegroup" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;List、Form、OutlineGroup&quot;">​</a></h3><p>really smart VStacks</p><h3 id="backgroup-修饰符" tabindex="-1">.backgroup 修饰符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#backgroup-修饰符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.backgroup 修饰符&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>Text(&quot;hello&quot;).backgroup(Rectangle().foregroundColor(.red))</code>，效果类似ZStack(Text在上),但是区别是这个例子中最终的View大小是由Text决定的</p><h3 id="overlay-修饰符" tabindex="-1">.overlay 修饰符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#overlay-修饰符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.overlay 修饰符&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;folder&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">system</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">55</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">weight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .thin))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">overlay</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;❤️&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">alignment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .bottom)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">Image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;folder&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">system</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">55</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">weight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .thin))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">overlay</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;❤️&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">alignment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .bottom)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>视图的大小由Image决定，Text会堆叠在Image上，底部对齐</p><h3 id="modifiers" tabindex="-1">Modifiers <a class="header-anchor" href="#modifiers" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Modifiers&quot;">​</a></h3><p>所有修饰符都会返回一个View</p><h4 id="example" tabindex="-1">Example <a class="header-anchor" href="#example" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Example&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">HStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(viewModel.cards) { card </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 		 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CardView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">card</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: card).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">aspectRatio</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">contentMode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .fit)                       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(.orange)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">padding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">HStack{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(viewModel.cards) { card </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> 		 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CardView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">card</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: card).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">aspectRatio</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">contentMode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .fit)                       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(.orange)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">padding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>首先被提供空间的是<code>.padding(10)</code></li><li>然后内边距10的空间会提供给<code>.foregroudColor</code></li><li>最后所有空间被提供给HStack</li><li>然后空间被平均分给<code>.aspectRatio</code></li><li>每个<code>.aspectRatio</code>会设置宽度，然后遵循2/3的长宽比设置高度，或者在HStack高度不足时，占据所有高度，然后按2/3设置宽度。</li><li><code>.aspectRatio</code>把所有空间提供给CardView</li></ul><h3 id="spacer-minlength-cgfloat" tabindex="-1">Spacer(minLength: CGFloat) <a class="header-anchor" href="#spacer-minlength-cgfloat" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Spacer(minLength: CGFloat)&quot;">​</a></h3><p>总是占据提供给他的所有空间，不绘制任何东西.</p><h3 id="divider" tabindex="-1">Divider() <a class="header-anchor" href="#divider" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Divider()&quot;">​</a></h3><p>分割线，在HStack中绘制垂直的线，VStack中是水平线。</p><h2 id="viewbuilder" tabindex="-1">@ViewBuilder <a class="header-anchor" href="#viewbuilder" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@ViewBuilder&quot;">​</a></h2><p>@ViewBuilder是一个参数属性，作用于构造视图的闭包参数上，允许闭包提供多个子视图。</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@ViewBuilder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">front</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> card: Card) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> shape </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  shape</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  shape.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">stroke</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(card.content)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ViewBuilder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">front</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> card: Card) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> shape </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RoundedRectangle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cornerRadius</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  shape</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  shape.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">stroke</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(card.content)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="property-wrapper" tabindex="-1">Property Wrapper <a class="header-anchor" href="#property-wrapper" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Property Wrapper&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@propertyWrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Converter1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> from:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> to:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rate:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrappedValue:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(from)\(value)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newValue) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectedValue:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(to)\(value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> rate)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initialValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rate </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.from </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> from</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.to </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> to</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.wrappedValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> initialValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">TestWraper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> myname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Converter1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(initialValue</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;100&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, from</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, to</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rate</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6.88</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> usd_cny</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Converter1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(initialValue</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;100&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, from</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, to</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;EUR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, rate</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.13</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cny_eur</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(usd_cny)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\($usd_cny)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(cny_eur)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\($cny_eur)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     USD100.0=CNY688.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     CNY100.0=EUR13.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@propertyWrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Converter1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> from:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> to:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rate:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrappedValue:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(from)\(value)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newValue) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectedValue:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(to)\(value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> rate)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initialValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rate </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.from </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> from</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.to </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> to</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.wrappedValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> initialValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">TestWraper</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> myname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Converter1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(initialValue</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;100&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, from</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;USD&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, to</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rate</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6.88</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> usd_cny</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Converter1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(initialValue</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;100&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, from</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CNY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, to</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;EUR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, rate</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.13</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cny_eur</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(usd_cny)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\($usd_cny)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(cny_eur)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\($cny_eur)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     USD100.0=CNY688.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     CNY100.0=EUR13.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>属性包装器必须有一个包装值，名为<code>wrappedValue</code>的计算属性</li><li>预计值为<code>projectedValue</code>，访问预计值的方式为<code>.$属性名</code>，<code>projectedValue</code>是只读的。</li></ul><h3 id="property-wrapper使用限制" tabindex="-1">Property Wrapper使用限制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#property-wrapper使用限制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Property Wrapper使用限制&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>protocol中无法使用</li><li>通过wrapper包装的实例属性不能在extension中声明</li><li>不能在enum中声明</li><li>class中通过wrapper包装的属性无法被另外一个属性通过override覆盖</li><li>通过wrapper包装的实例属性不能用<code>lazy</code>、<code>@NSCopying</code>、<code>@NSManaged</code>、<code>weak</code>或<code>unowned</code>修饰</li></ul><h3 id="state" tabindex="-1">@State <a class="header-anchor" href="#state" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@State&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>视图是只读的</p><p>所有视图的struct都是完全、彻底只读的，所以View中只有<code>let</code>和<code>computed</code>(常量和计算属性)才有意义。（被@ObservedObject装饰的属性除外，这种属性必须被标记为<code>var</code>）</p></li><li><p>为什么</p><p>View一直在被创建、丢弃，只有<code>body</code>才会存在很久，所以View不太需要一些需要被修改的属性</p></li></ul><p>don&#39;t worry，之所以这样是因为View应该是stateless的，只负责渲染model，不需要自身具有什么状态属性。但是极少数情况下View也是需要状态的(it turns out there are a few rare times when a View needs some state)，但这种状态存储总是暂时的(always temporary)，所有持久化的状态都存在Model中。</p><p>例如：进入编辑模式，需要提前收集数据来为用户修改数据的intent作准备，需要暂时展示其他的View（编辑页面）来收集数据，编辑完后需要一个动画效果来关闭这个编辑页面，所以需要一个&quot;编辑模式状态&quot;的属性来标记何时该关闭。</p><p>上述场景中可以使用<code>@State</code>来标记这个临时状态存储变量</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> somethingTemporary: SomeType </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//someType can be any struct</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> somethingTemporary: SomeType </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//someType can be any struct</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个临时状态变量是private修饰的，是因为只有当前View能访问这个变量。<code>@State</code>变量的变化会导致这个View的body重新渲染。这和<code>@ObservedObject</code>类似，但是<code>@State</code>作用的是一个随机的数据(值语义)，而<code>@ObservedObject</code>作用在ViewModel上（对象语义）。</p><h3 id="observedobject" tabindex="-1">@ObservedObject <a class="header-anchor" href="#observedobject" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@ObservedObject&quot;">​</a></h3><p>多个视图数据共享和更新时，需要一个数据模型的概念，即多视图的状态可以根据<code>Data-Model</code>进行更新，这种场景下@State就不再适用了。</p><ul><li><p><code>ObservableObject</code>协议定义了一个数据模型的数据发生变化时发布通知的能力</p></li><li><p><code>@ObservedObject</code>这个属性包装器包装的属性可以监听到数据的变化，也可以利用它去更新数据。</p></li><li><p><code>@Published</code>这个属性包装器包装的属性，都会被转化为一个publisher（Combine框架的概念），当值发生变化时，会通知系统，然后系统再去更新画面</p></li></ul><h3 id="stateobject" tabindex="-1">@StateObject <a class="header-anchor" href="#stateobject" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@StateObject&quot;">​</a></h3><p>和@ObservedObject类似，也是修饰对象语义，和@ObservedObject的区别在于，实例是否被创建其的View所持有，其生命周期是否完全可控，@StateObject修饰的属性的生命周期由创建该对象的对象维护（这一点又类似@State）</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DataSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Counter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataSource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DataSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Increment counter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSource.counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Count is </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(dataSource.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">counter</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ItemList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@State</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Append item to list&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        items.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">List</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(items, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Counter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DataSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Counter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataSource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">DataSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Increment counter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSource.counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Count is </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(dataSource.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">counter</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ItemList</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@State</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    VStack {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Append item to list&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        items.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">List</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(items, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Counter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在这个例子中，每次点击<code>Append item to list</code>Button，counter都会被重置，这是因为每次重新渲染，DataSource()都会被重新创建。解决这个问题有两个方法：</p><ol><li>在ItemList中创建DataSource，并把DataSource传递给Counter</li><li>把@ObservedObject替换为@StateObject</li></ol><p>将DataSource标记为@StateObject意味着DataSource被实例化后会保存在Counter的外部，当Counter重新渲染时，会直接用这个值。</p><h3 id="environmentobject" tabindex="-1">@EnvironmentObject <a class="header-anchor" href="#environmentobject" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@EnvironmentObject&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>@ObservedObject</code>可以在视图间共享数据、刷新画面，但是必须为需要的视图进行引用的传递。如果视图的层级较多，且各个View和子View使用同一个数据模型，那么<code>@ObservedObject</code>的传递将会变得笨重且易出错。</p><p>SwiftUI提供了另一种选择,<code>@EnvironmentObject</code>就是把数据模型引用保存到了一个共同的环境变量中，<code>environment</code>是一个共通的存储区域，保存了app的信息和Views，当然也可以保存自定义数据，包括对observable object的引用。</p><h3 id="environment" tabindex="-1">@Environment <a class="header-anchor" href="#environment" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;@Environment&quot;">​</a></h3><p>和<code>@State</code>类似，App也可以响应iOS系统过来的state变化，例如语言环境、字体大小、暗黑模式切换等，为了及时响应这些变化，app可以使用<code>@Environment(KeyPath)</code>来进行获取实时的信息。</p><h2 id="combine框架" tabindex="-1">Combine框架 <a class="header-anchor" href="#combine框架" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Combine框架&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>@Published</code>属性包装器和<code>ObservableObject</code>的实现定义在<code>Combine</code>框架中。Combine框架中定义了一些协议和数据类型，可以让我们处理数据，当一个代码数据发生变化，可以应用这个框架来通知另外一处代码有新数据可以使用。</p><p>这样就会出现两个类型的任务，一个是发布者(publisher)，一个是订阅者(subscriber)。发布者决定了数据和错误信息的产生并发给订阅者，订阅者会接受这些信息。</p><p>在SwiftUI中，被<code>@Published</code>修饰的属性，会被自动转化为Publisher，<code>ObservableObject</code>协议的实现中，定义了被<code>@Published</code>修饰的属性作为发布者，在属性的值发生变化的时候，发布者将通知订阅者。<code>@ObservedObject</code>和<code>@EnvironmentObject</code>修饰的属性，扮演订阅者的角色。</p><h3 id="just发布者和subscribers-sink" tabindex="-1">Just发布者和Subscribers.Sink <a class="header-anchor" href="#just发布者和subscribers-sink" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Just发布者和Subscribers.Sink&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Combine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Foundation</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> myPublisher </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Just</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;55&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mySubscriber </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Subscribers.Sink</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Never</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">receiveCompletion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { completion </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> completion </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .finished {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;111&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;222&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">receiveValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">subscribe</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mySubscriber)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Combine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Foundation</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> myPublisher </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Just</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;55&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mySubscriber </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Subscribers.Sink</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Never</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">receiveCompletion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { completion </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> completion </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .finished {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;111&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;222&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">receiveValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">subscribe</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mySubscriber)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="数据的转换" tabindex="-1">数据的转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据的转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据的转换&quot;">​</a></h3><p>中间发布者</p><p>Publishers.Map</p><p>Publishers.Filter</p><p>...</p><p>或Just().操作符</p><h3 id="subjects" tabindex="-1">Subjects <a class="header-anchor" href="#subjects" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Subjects&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Combine还有一种发布者叫Subjects，实现了Subject协议，可以调用send方法发送数据</p><ul><li>PassthroughSubject()</li><li>CurrentValueSubject(value)</li></ul><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Combine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Foundation</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyErrors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Error {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrongValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> myPublisher </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> PassthroughSubject</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, MyErrors</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//let myPublisher = CurrentValueSubject&lt;String, MyErrors&gt;(&quot;100&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mySubscriber </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">count</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sink</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">receiveCompletion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {completion </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> completion </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">failure</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(MyErrors.wrongValue) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;MyErrors.wrongValue&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(completion)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">receiveValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;value: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(value)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;h&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Combine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Foundation</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyErrors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Error {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrongValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> myPublisher </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> PassthroughSubject</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, MyErrors</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//let myPublisher = CurrentValueSubject&lt;String, MyErrors&gt;(&quot;100&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mySubscriber </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">count</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sink</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">receiveCompletion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {completion </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> completion </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">failure</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(MyErrors.wrongValue) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;MyErrors.wrongValue&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(completion)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">receiveValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;value: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(value)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">myPublisher.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;h&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="onreceive" tabindex="-1">.onReceive <a class="header-anchor" href="#onreceive" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.onReceive&quot;">​</a></h3><p>SwiftUI中，View协议有一个修饰符<code>.onReceive(Publisher, perform: Closure)</code>把任何View转换成一个订阅者，来接受来自发布者的数据，SwiftUI使UI组件和Combine结合带来了扩展可能。</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentViewData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@Published</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> counter: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> timePublisher </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Timer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">publish</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">every</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .main, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: .common).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">autoconnect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> contentData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ContentViewData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello, world! </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">contentData</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">counter</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">onReceive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(contentData.timePublisher, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">perform</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: { value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.contentData.counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.contentData.counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.contentData.timePublisher.upstream.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">connect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cancel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stop&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SwiftUI</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentViewData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: ObservableObject {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@Published</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> counter: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> timePublisher </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Timer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">publish</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">every</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .main, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: .common).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">autoconnect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContentView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@ObservedObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> contentData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ContentViewData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello, world! </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">contentData</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">counter</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">onReceive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(contentData.timePublisher, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">perform</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: { value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.contentData.counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.contentData.counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.contentData.timePublisher.upstream.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">connect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cancel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stop&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    })</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/frontend/others/SwiftUI入门.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>swift语法</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>HackingWithSwift-1</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>swift语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/SwiftUI%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SwiftUI入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-1</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/HackingWithSwift-2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>HackingWithSwift-2</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/others/ElementPlus%20el-upload%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ElementPlus el-upload源码分析</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_others_swift%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="swift语法" tabindex="-1">swift语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#swift语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swift语法&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>英文原版：<a href="https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/</a></p><p>中文版：<a href="https://swiftgg.gitbook.io/swift/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://swiftgg.gitbook.io/swift/</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="可选类型" tabindex="-1">可选类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#可选类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;可选类型&quot;">​</a></h2><p>*可选类型（optionals）*来处理值可能缺失的情况。可选类型实际也是一个枚举:</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> none</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(T) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> none</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(T) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="nil" tabindex="-1">nil <a class="header-anchor" href="#nil" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;nil&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如果声明一个可选常量或者变量但是没有赋值，它们会自动被设置为<code>nil</code>：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">							var hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">							var hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> surveyAnswer: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// surveyAnswer 会被自动设置为 nil -&gt; var surveyAnswer: String? = nil</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> surveyAnswer: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// surveyAnswer 会被自动设置为 nil -&gt; var surveyAnswer: String? = nil</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="强制解析" tabindex="-1">强制解析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#强制解析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;强制解析&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hello</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hello</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>等价于</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//raise an exception(crash)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//raise an exception(crash)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="可选绑定" tabindex="-1">可选绑定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#可选绑定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;可选绑定&quot;">​</a></h3><p>强制解析可能会导致异常，可以使用<code>if let</code>来安全的获取可选类型中的值</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> safehello </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(safehello)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> safehello </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(safehello)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>等价于</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hello {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//do something else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>使用可选绑定时后面不能用<code>&amp;&amp;</code>,可以用<code>,</code>隔开语句</p></blockquote><h3 id="空合运算符-nil-coalescing-operator" tabindex="-1">空合运算符（Nil Coalescing Operator） <a class="header-anchor" href="#空合运算符-nil-coalescing-operator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空合运算符（Nil Coalescing Operator）&quot;">​</a></h3><p><em>空合运算符</em>（<code>a ?? b</code>）将对可选类型 <code>a</code> 进行空判断，如果 <code>a</code> 包含一个值就进行解包，否则就返回一个默认值 <code>b</code>。表达式 <code>a</code> 必须是 Optional 类型。默认值 <code>b</code> 的类型必须要和 <code>a</code> 存储值的类型保持一致。</p><p>空合运算符是对以下代码的简短表达方法：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span></code></pre></div><p>例子：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">??</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> z</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">??</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> z</span></span></code></pre></div><p>实际等价于上：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> z</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> z</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="可选链" tabindex="-1">可选链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#可选链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;可选链&quot;">​</a></h3><p><em>可选链式调用</em>是一种可以在当前值可能为 <code>nil</code> 的可选值上请求和调用属性、方法及下标的方法。如果可选值有值，那么调用就会成功；如果可选值是 <code>nil</code>，那么调用将返回 <code>nil</code>。多个调用可以连接在一起形成一个调用链，如果其中任何一个节点为 <code>nil</code>，整个调用链都会失败，即返回 <code>nil</code>。</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.bar</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.z</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.bar</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.z</span></span></code></pre></div><p>等价于</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xval)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xval.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">foo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xfooval)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xfooval.bar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">none</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xfbval)</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xfbval.z</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xval)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xval.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">foo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xfooval)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xfooval.bar {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">none</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xfbval)</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xfbval.z</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="闭包" tabindex="-1">闭包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#闭包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;闭包&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="闭包表达式" tabindex="-1">闭包表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#闭包表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;闭包表达式&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{ (parameters) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> return_type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statements</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{ (parameters) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> return_type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statements</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="尾随闭包-trailing-closures" tabindex="-1">尾随闭包（Trailing Closures） <a class="header-anchor" href="#尾随闭包-trailing-closures" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;尾随闭包（Trailing Closures）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>尾随闭包是一个书写在函数圆括号之后的闭包表达式，函数支持将其作为最后一个参数调用。在使用尾随闭包时，不用写出它的参数标签</p><p>例如：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(modelData.categories.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">keys</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sorted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: \.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CategoryRow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">categoryName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: key, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">items</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: modelData.categories[key]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ForEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(modelData.categories.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">keys</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sorted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: \.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CategoryRow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">categoryName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: key, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">items</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: modelData.categories[key]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="多重尾随闭包-multiple-trailing-closure" tabindex="-1">多重尾随闭包（multiple trailing closure） <a class="header-anchor" href="#多重尾随闭包-multiple-trailing-closure" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多重尾随闭包（multiple trailing closure）&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SignInView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            showingProfile.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } label</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Label</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;User Profile&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;person.crop.circle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SignInView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Button {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            showingProfile.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } label</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Label</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;User Profile&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">systemImage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;person.crop.circle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="方法" tabindex="-1">方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方法&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="在实例方法中修改值类型" tabindex="-1">在实例方法中修改值类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在实例方法中修改值类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在实例方法中修改值类型&quot;">​</a></h3><p>结构体和枚举是<em>值类型</em>。默认情况下，值类型的属性不能在它的实例方法中被修改。</p><p>如果确实需要在某个特定的方法中修改结构体或者枚举的属性，可以为这个方法选择 <code>可变（mutating）</code></p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">mutating</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">moveBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> deltaX: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> deltaY: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> deltaX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> deltaY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> somePoint </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">somePoint.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">moveBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;The point is now at (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(somePoint.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(somePoint.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">y</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“The point is now at (3.0, 4.0)”</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">mutating</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">moveBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> deltaX: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> deltaY: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> deltaX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> deltaY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> somePoint </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">somePoint.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">moveBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;The point is now at (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(somePoint.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(somePoint.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">y</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“The point is now at (3.0, 4.0)”</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="属性" tabindex="-1">属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;属性&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="计算属性" tabindex="-1">计算属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#计算属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;计算属性&quot;">​</a></h3><p>计算属性不直接存储值，而是提供一个 getter 和一个可选的 setter，来间接获取和设置其他属性或变量的值。</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Rect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> centerX </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> centerY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: centerX, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: centerY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newCenter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newCenter.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newCenter.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> square </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Rect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">origin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> initialSquareCenter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> square.center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">square.center </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;square.origin is now at (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(square.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">origin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(square.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">origin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">y</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“square.origin is now at (10.0, 10.0)”</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Size</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Rect</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> centerX </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> centerY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: centerX, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: centerY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newCenter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newCenter.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newCenter.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> square </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Rect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">origin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> initialSquareCenter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> square.center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">square.center </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;square.origin is now at (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(square.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">origin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(square.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">origin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">y</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“square.origin is now at (10.0, 10.0)”</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="简化-setter-声明" tabindex="-1">简化 Setter 声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简化-setter-声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简化 Setter 声明&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如果计算属性的 setter 没有定义表示新值的参数名，则可以使用默认名称 <code>newValue</code>。下面是使用了简化 setter 声明的 <code>Rect</code> 结构体代码：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AlternativeRect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> centerX </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> centerY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: centerX, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: centerY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newValue.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newValue.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AlternativeRect</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> centerX </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> centerY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: centerX, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: centerY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newValue.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newValue.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="简化-getter-声明" tabindex="-1">简化 Getter 声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简化-getter-声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简化 Getter 声明&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如果整个 getter 是单一表达式，getter 会隐式地返回这个表达式结果。下面是另一个版本的 <code>Rect</code> 结构体，用到了简化的 getter 和 setter 声明：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CompactRect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> origin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Point</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newValue.x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newValue.y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CompactRect</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> origin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> center: Point {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Point</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newValue.x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            origin.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newValue.y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (size.height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在 getter 中忽略 <code>return</code> 与在函数中忽略 <code>return</code> 的规则相同.</p><h4 id="只读计算属性" tabindex="-1">只读计算属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#只读计算属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;只读计算属性&quot;">​</a></h4><p>只有 getter 没有 setter 的计算属性叫<em>只读计算属性</em>。只读计算属性总是返回一个值，可以通过点运算符访问，但不能设置新的值。</p><blockquote><p>注意</p><p>必须使用 <code>var</code> 关键字定义计算属性，包括只读计算属性，因为它们的值不是固定的。<code>let</code> 关键字只用来声明常量属性，表示初始化后再也无法修改的值。</p></blockquote><p>只读计算属性的声明可以去掉 <code>get</code> 关键字和花括号：</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cuboid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, depth </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> volume: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> height </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> depth</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fourByFiveByTwo </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Cuboid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">width</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">height</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">depth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;the volume of fourByFiveByTwo is </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(fourByFiveByTwo.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">volume</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“the volume of fourByFiveByTwo is 40.0”</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cuboid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, depth </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> volume: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> height </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> depth</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fourByFiveByTwo </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Cuboid</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">width</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">height</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">depth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;the volume of fourByFiveByTwo is </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(fourByFiveByTwo.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">volume</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印“the volume of fourByFiveByTwo is 40.0”</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="属性观察器" tabindex="-1">属性观察器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#属性观察器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;属性观察器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>属性观察器监控和响应属性值的变化，每次属性被设置值的时候都会调用属性观察器，即使新值和当前值相同的时候也不例外。</p><p>可以在以下位置添加属性观察器：</p><ul><li>自定义的存储属性</li><li>继承的存储属性</li><li>继承的计算属性</li></ul><p>可以为属性添加其中一个或两个观察器：</p><ul><li><code>willSet</code> 在新的值被设置之前调用</li><li><code>didSet</code> 在新的值被设置之后调用</li></ul><p><code>willSet</code> 观察器会将新的属性值作为常量参数传入，在 <code>willSet</code> 的实现代码中可以为这个参数指定一个名称，如果不指定则参数仍然可用，这时使用默认名称 <code>newValue</code> 表示。</p><p>同样，<code>didSet</code> 观察器会将旧的属性值作为参数传入，可以为该参数指定一个名称或者使用默认参数名 <code>oldValue</code>。如果在 <code>didSet</code> 方法中再次对该属性赋值，那么新值会覆盖旧的值。</p><blockquote><p>在父类初始化方法调用之后，在子类构造器中给父类的属性赋值时，会调用父类属性的 <code>willSet</code> 和 <code>didSet</code> 观察器。而在父类初始化方法调用之前，给子类的属性赋值时不会调用子类属性的观察器。</p></blockquote><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StepCounter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> totalSteps: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">willSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(newTotalSteps) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;将 totalSteps 的值设置为 </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(newTotalSteps)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">didSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> totalSteps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldValue  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;增加了 </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">\(totalSteps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> oldValue)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">let</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> stepCounter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">StepCounter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 200 步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">360</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 360</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 160 步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">896</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 896</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 536 步</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StepCounter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> totalSteps: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">willSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(newTotalSteps) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;将 totalSteps 的值设置为 </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(newTotalSteps)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">didSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> totalSteps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldValue  {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;增加了 </span><span style="color:#032F62;">\(totalSteps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> oldValue)</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">let</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> stepCounter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">StepCounter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 200 步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">360</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 360</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 160 步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">stepCounter.totalSteps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">896</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将 totalSteps 的值设置为 896</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 增加了 536 步</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="protocol" tabindex="-1">protocol <a class="header-anchor" href="#protocol" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;protocol&quot;">​</a></h2><p>sort of a &quot;stripped-down&quot; struct/class</p><p>有函数和变量，但是没有具体实现，类似interface, 当实现一个协议时，必须实现协议中所有的函数和变量</p><p>使用protocol来限制entension:</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">extension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Array</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Element: Hashable {</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">extension</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Array</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Element: Hashable {</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用protocol来限制函数:</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Data) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Data: Collection, Data.Element: Identifiable</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Data) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Data: Collection, Data.Element: Identifiable</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="protocol-extension" tabindex="-1">protocol extension <a class="header-anchor" href="#protocol-extension" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;protocol extension&quot;">​</a></h3><p>可以通过extension给protocol的func或var添加默认的实现</p><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Tesla</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: Vehicle {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">extension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Vehicle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  fun </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">registerWithDMV</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// actual implementation }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Tesla</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: Vehicle {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">extension</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Vehicle</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  fun </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">registerWithDMV</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// actual implementation }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protocol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">View</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> body: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protocol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">View</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> body: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">extension</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">View</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> color: Color) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* implementation */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">font</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> font: Font</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">some</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> View { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* implementation */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">extension</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">View</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">foregroundColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> color: Color) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* implementation */</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">font</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> font: Font</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">some</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> View { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* implementation */</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="generics-protocols" tabindex="-1">generics + protocols <a class="header-anchor" href="#generics-protocols" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;generics + protocols&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-swift vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">swift</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protocol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Identifiable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">associatedtype</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ID</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> id: ID { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protocol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Identifiable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">associatedtype</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ID</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> id: ID { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
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class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _golang_base_GoTemplate" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="go-template" tabindex="-1">Go Template <a class="header-anchor" href="#go-template" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Go Template&quot;">​</a></h1><p>Go Template是一种用于生成文本输出的模板引擎，它是Go语言标准库中内置的一部分。Go Template使用简单而强大的语法来描述要生成的最终文本的结构和内容。</p><p>Go Template的语法是基于文本插值的思想，通过在模板文件中插入占位符和控制指令来控制输出的结果。模板可以包含静态文本和动态值，并且可以使用控制指令来迭代、条件判断和执行其他逻辑操作。</p><h2 id="示例" tabindex="-1">示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;示例&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--test.html--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">content</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;Go Web&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--test.html--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#22863A;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">http-equiv</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">content</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;Go Web&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html/template</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">net/http</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tmpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(w http.ResponseWriter, r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http.Request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t1, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ParseFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">panic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t1.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(w, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	server </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> http.Server{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Addr: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;127.0.0.1:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	http.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HandleFunc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, tmpl)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	server.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ListenAndServe</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html/template</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">net/http</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tmpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(w http.ResponseWriter, r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">http.Request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t1, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ParseFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">panic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t1.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(w, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	server </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> http.Server{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Addr: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;127.0.0.1:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	http.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HandleFunc</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, tmpl)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	server.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ListenAndServe</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="和作用域" tabindex="-1"><code>.</code>和作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#和作用域" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;`.`和作用域&quot;">​</a></h2><p>在写template的时候，会经常用到&quot;.&quot;。</p><p>在template中，点&quot;.&quot;代表<strong>当前作用域的当前对象</strong>。它类似于java/c++的this关键字，类似于perl/python的self。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Age  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Person{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;leo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	tmpl, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Name: {{.Name}}, Age: {{.Age}}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tmpl.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(os.Stdout, p)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Name: leo, Age: 23</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Age  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Person{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;leo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	tmpl, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Name: {{.Name}}, Age: {{.Age}}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tmpl.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(os.Stdout, p)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Name: leo, Age: 23</span></span></code></pre></div><p>但是并非只有一个顶级作用域，range、with、if等内置action都有自己的本地作用域。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">os</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text/template</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Friend</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Fname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Person</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	UserName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Emails   []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Friends  []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Friend</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	f1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Friend{Fname: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xiaofang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	f2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Friend{Fname: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;wugui&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Must</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(t.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`hello {{.UserName}}!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ range .Emails }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">an email {{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ with .Friends }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- range . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">my friend name is {{.Fname}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ end }}`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Person{UserName: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Emails:  []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a1@qq.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a2@gmail.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Friends: []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Friend{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">f1, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">f2}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(os.Stdout, p)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">os</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text/template</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Friend</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Fname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Person</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	UserName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Emails   []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Friends  []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Friend</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	f1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Friend{Fname: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xiaofang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	f2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Friend{Fname: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;wugui&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Must</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(t.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`hello {{.UserName}}!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ range .Emails }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">an email {{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ with .Friends }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- range . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">my friend name is {{.Fname}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ end }}`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Person{UserName: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Emails:  []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a1@qq.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a2@gmail.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Friends: []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Friend{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">f1, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">f2}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(os.Stdout, p)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>输出：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">hello test!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">an email a1@qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">an email a2@gmail.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">my friend name is xiaofang</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">my friend name is wugui</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">hello test!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">an email a1@qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">an email a2@gmail.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">my friend name is xiaofang</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">my friend name is wugui</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="去除空白" tabindex="-1">去除空白 <a class="header-anchor" href="#去除空白" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;去除空白&quot;">​</a></h2><p>template引擎在进行替换的时候，是完全按照文本格式进行替换的。除了需要评估和替换的地方，所有的行分隔符、空格等等空白都原样保留。所以， <strong>对于要解析的内容，不要随意缩进、随意换行</strong>。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可以在`{{&lt;/span&gt;`符号的后面加上短横线并保留一个或多个空格&quot;- &quot;来去除它前面的空白(包括换行符、制表符、空格等)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//，即`{{- xxxx`。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//在`}}`的前面加上一个或多个空格以及一个短横线&quot;-&quot;来去除它后面的空白，即`xxxx -}}`。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">23</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可以在`{{&lt;/span&gt;`符号的后面加上短横线并保留一个或多个空格&quot;- &quot;来去除它前面的空白(包括换行符、制表符、空格等)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//，即`{{- xxxx`。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//在`}}`的前面加上一个或多个空格以及一个短横线&quot;-&quot;来去除它后面的空白，即`xxxx -}}`。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">23</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的例子</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">t.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`hello {{.UserName}}!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ range .Emails }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">an email {{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ with .Friends }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- range . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">my friend name is {{.Fname}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{ end }}`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">t.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">`hello {{.UserName}}!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ range .Emails }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">an email {{ . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ with .Friends }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- range . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">my friend name is {{.Fname}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{ end }}`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注意，上面没有进行缩进。因为缩进的制表符或空格在替换的时候会保留。</p><h2 id="注释" tabindex="-1">注释 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注释" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注释&quot;">​</a></h2><p>注释方式：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment */</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注释后的内容不会被引擎进行替换。但需要注意，注释行在替换的时候也会占用行，所以应该去除前缀和后缀空白，否则会多一空行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* a comment without prefix/suffix space */</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注意，应该只去除前缀或后缀空白，不要同时都去除，否则会破坏原有的格式。</p><h2 id="管道pipeline" tabindex="-1">管道pipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#管道pipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;管道pipeline&quot;">​</a></h2><p>pipeline是指产生数据的操作。</p><p>可以使用管道符号<code>|</code>链接多个命令，用法和unix下的管道类似：<code>|</code>前面的命令将运算结果(或返回值)传递给后一个命令的最后一个位置。</p><p>例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{.}} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;abcd&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{.}} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;abcd&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>命令可以有超过1个的返回值，这时第二个返回值必须为err类型。</p><p>需要注意的是，并非只有使用了<code>|</code>才是pipeline。Go template中，pipeline的概念是传递数据，只要能产生数据的，都是pipeline。这使得某些操作可以作为另一些操作内部的表达式先运行得到结果，就像是Unix下的命令替换一样。</p><p>例如，下面的<code>(len &quot;output&quot;)</code>是pipeline，它整体先运行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{println (len </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{println (len </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>下面是Pipeline的几种示例，它们都输出<code>&quot;output&quot;</code>：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`&quot;output&quot;`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%q</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%q</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%q</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (print </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;put&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;put&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%q</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printf </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%q</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`&quot;output&quot;`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%q</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%q</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%q</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (print </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;put&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;put&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;out&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%q</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printf </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%q</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="变量" tabindex="-1">变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以在template中定义变量：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 未定义过的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> :</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 已定义过的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = pipeline</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 未定义过的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">$</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> :</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 已定义过的变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">$</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = pipeline</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $how_long </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(len </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> println $how_long}}   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 输出6</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $how_long </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(len </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;output&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> println $how_long}}   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 输出6</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Must</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hh&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`{{range $x := . -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{$y := 333}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- if (gt $x 33)}}{{println $x $y ($z := 444)}}{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">22</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">33</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">44</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">55</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tx.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(os.Stdout, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//44 333 444</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//55 333 444</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Must</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hh&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">`{{range $x := . -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{$y := 333}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- if (gt $x 33)}}{{println $x $y ($z := 444)}}{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">22</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">33</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">44</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">55</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tx.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(os.Stdout, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//44 333 444</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//55 333 444</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的示例中，使用range迭代slice，每个元素都被赋值给变量<code>$x</code>，每次迭代过程中，都新设置一个变量<code>$y</code> ，在内层嵌套的if结构中，可以使用这个两个外层的变量。在if的条件表达式中，使用了一个内置的比较函数gt，如果<code>$x</code> 大于33，则为true。在println的参数中还定义了一个<code>$z</code>，之所以能定义，是因为<code>($z := 444)</code>的过程是一个Pipeline，可以先运行。</p><p>需要注意三点：</p><ol><li><strong>变量有作用域，只要出现end，则当前层次的作用域结束。内层可以访问外层变量，但外层不能访问内层变量</strong>。</li><li><strong>有一个特殊变量<code>$</code>，它代表模板的最顶级作用域对象(通俗地理解，是以模板为全局作用域的全局变量)，在Execute() 执行的时候进行赋值，且一直不变</strong>。例如上面的示例中，<code>$ = [11 22 33 44 55]</code>。再例如，define定义了一个模板t1，则t1中的<code>$</code> 作用域只属于这个t1。</li><li><strong>变量不可在模板之间继承</strong>。普通变量可能比较容易理解，但对于特殊变量&quot;.&quot;和&quot;$&quot;，比较容易搞混。见下面的例子。</li></ol><h2 id="条件判断" tabindex="-1">条件判断 <a class="header-anchor" href="#条件判断" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;条件判断&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T0 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T0 {{end}}{{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T0 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T0 {{end}}{{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>需要注意的是，pipeline为false的情况是各种数据对象的0值：数值0，指针或接口是nil，数组、slice、map或string则是len为0。</p><h2 id="range-end迭代" tabindex="-1">range...end迭代 <a class="header-anchor" href="#range-end迭代" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;range...end迭代&quot;">​</a></h2><p>有两种迭代表达式</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>range可以迭代slice、数组、map或channel。迭代的时候，会设置&quot;.&quot;为当前正在迭代的元素。</p><p>对于第一个表达式，当迭代对象的值为0值时，则range直接跳过，就像if一样。对于第二个表达式，则在迭代到0值时执行else语句。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Must</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hh&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`{{range $x := . -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{println $x}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">22</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">33</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">44</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">55</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tx.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(os.Stdout, s)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Must</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hh&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">`{{range $x := . -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{println $x}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">22</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">33</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">44</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">55</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tx.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(os.Stdout, s)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>需注意的是，range的参数部分是pipeline，所以在迭代的过程中是可以进行赋值的。但有两种赋值情况：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $key,$value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $key,$value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果range中只赋值给一个变量，则这个变量是当前正在迭代元素的值。如果赋值给两个变量，则第一个变量是索引值( map/slice是数值，map是key)，第二个变量是当前正在迭代元素的值。</p><h2 id="with-end" tabindex="-1">with...end <a class="header-anchor" href="#with-end" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;with...end&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>with用来设置&quot;.&quot;的值</strong>。两种格式：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{with pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{with pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{with pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{with pipeline}} T1 {{</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} T0 {{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>对于第一种格式，当pipeline不为0值的时候，点&quot;.&quot; 设置为pipeline运算的值，否则跳过。对于第二种格式，当pipeline为0值时，执行else语句块，否则&quot;.&quot;设置为pipeline运算的值，并执行T1。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{with </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}{{println .}}{{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{with </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}{{println .}}{{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面将输出<code>xx</code>，因为&quot;.&quot;已经设置为&quot;xx&quot;。</p><h2 id="内置函数和自定义函数" tabindex="-1">内置函数和自定义函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内置函数和自定义函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内置函数和自定义函数&quot;">​</a></h2><p>template定义了一些内置函数，也支持自定义函数</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">and</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    返回第一个为空的参数或最后一个参数。可以有任意多个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    and x y等价于if x then y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">not</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    布尔取反。只能一个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">or</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    返回第一个不为空的参数或最后一个参数。可以有任意多个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;or x y&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">等价于</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;if x then x else y&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">printf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">println</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    分别等价于fmt包中的Sprint、Sprintf、Sprintln</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">len</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    返回参数的length。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">index</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    对可索引对象进行索引取值。第一个参数是索引对象，后面的参数是索引位。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index x 1 2 3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">代表的是x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    可索引对象包括map、slice、array。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">call</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    显式调用函数。第一个参数必须是函数类型，且不是template中的函数，而是外部函数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    例如一个struct中的某个字段是func类型的。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;call .X.Y 1 2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">表示调用dot.X.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)，Y必须是func类型，函数参数是1和2。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    函数必须只能有一个或2个返回值，如果有第二个返回值，则必须为error类型。</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">and</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    返回第一个为空的参数或最后一个参数。可以有任意多个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    and x y等价于if x then y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">not</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    布尔取反。只能一个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">or</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    返回第一个不为空的参数或最后一个参数。可以有任意多个参数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;or x y&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">等价于</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;if x then x else y&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">printf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">println</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    分别等价于fmt包中的Sprint、Sprintf、Sprintln</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">len</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    返回参数的length。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">index</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    对可索引对象进行索引取值。第一个参数是索引对象，后面的参数是索引位。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index x 1 2 3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">代表的是x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    可索引对象包括map、slice、array。</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">call</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    显式调用函数。第一个参数必须是函数类型，且不是template中的函数，而是外部函数。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    例如一个struct中的某个字段是func类型的。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;call .X.Y 1 2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">表示调用dot.X.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)，Y必须是func类型，函数参数是1和2。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    函数必须只能有一个或2个返回值，如果有第二个返回值，则必须为error类型。</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">eq arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ne arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lt arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">le arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gt arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ge arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2时为true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">eq arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ne arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">lt arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">le arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">gt arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ge arg1 arg2：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2时为true</span></span></code></pre></div><p>对于eq函数，支持多个参数,它们都和第一个参数arg1进行比较。它等价于：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">eq arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">eq arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">arg1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;">arg2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;">arg3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;">arg4</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="嵌套template-define和template" tabindex="-1">嵌套template：define和template <a class="header-anchor" href="#嵌套template-define和template" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;嵌套template：define和template&quot;">​</a></h2><p>define可以直接在待解析内容中定义一个模板，这个模板会加入到common结构组中，并关联到关联名称上。</p><p>定义了模板之后，可以使用template这个action来执行模板。template有两种格式：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{template </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{template </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{template </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{template </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>第一种是直接执行名为name的template，点设置为nil。第二种是点&quot;.&quot;设置为pipeline的值，并执行名为name的template。可以将template看作是函数：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">template</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">template(&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,pipeline)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">template</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">template(&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,pipeline)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	tmpl, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> t1.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`{{- define &quot;T1&quot;}}ONE {{println .}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- define &quot;T2&quot;}}TWO {{println .}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- define &quot;T3&quot;}}{{template &quot;T1&quot;}}{{template &quot;T2&quot; &quot;haha&quot;}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{{- template &quot;T3&quot; -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tmpl.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(os.Stdout, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ONE &lt;nil&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//TWO haha</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	tmpl, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> t1.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">`{{- define &quot;T1&quot;}}ONE {{println .}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- define &quot;T2&quot;}}TWO {{println .}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- define &quot;T3&quot;}}{{template &quot;T1&quot;}}{{template &quot;T2&quot; &quot;haha&quot;}}{{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">{{- template &quot;T3&quot; -}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tmpl.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(os.Stdout, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ONE &lt;nil&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//TWO haha</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="block块" tabindex="-1">block块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#block块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;block块&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{block </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	A block is shorthand </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defining a template</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		{{define </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	and then executing it in place</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		{{template </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pipeline}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	The typical use is to define a set of root templates that are</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	then customized by redefining the block templates within.</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{block </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	A block is shorthand </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defining a template</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		{{define </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}} T1 {{end}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	and then executing it in place</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		{{template </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pipeline}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	The typical use is to define a set of root templates that are</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	then customized by redefining the block templates within.</span></span></code></pre></div><p>根据官方文档的解释：block等价于define定义一个名为name的模板，并在&quot;有需要&quot;的地方执行这个模板，执行时将&quot;.&quot;设置为pipeline的值。</p><p>但应该注意，**block的第一个动作是执行名为name的模板，如果不存在，则在此处自动定义这个模板，并执行这个临时定义的模板。换句话说，block可以认为是设置一个默认模板 **。</p><p>例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{block </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;T1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> .}} one {{end}}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{block </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;T1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> .}} one {{end}}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>它首先找到T1模板，如果T1存在，则执行找到的T1，如果没找到T1，则临时定义一个，并执行它。</p><h2 id="不转义" tabindex="-1">不转义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不转义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不转义&quot;">​</a></h2><p>上下文感知的自动转义能让程序更加安全，比如防止XSS攻击(例如在表单中输入带有<code>&lt;script&gt;...&lt;/script&gt;</code> 的内容并提交，会使得用户提交的这部分script被执行)。</p><p>如果确实不想转义，可以进行类型转换。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CSS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HTML</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">URL</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CSS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HTML</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">URL</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(w http.ResponseWriter, r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http.Request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ParseFiles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tmpl.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	t.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(w, template.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">FormValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;comment&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(w http.ResponseWriter, r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">http.Request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ParseFiles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tmpl.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	t.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(w, template.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">FormValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;comment&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/golang/base/GoTemplate.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/golang/base/golang%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Golang基础语法</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/golang/web/Gin.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Gin</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _golang_base_golang%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="golang基础语法" tabindex="-1">Golang基础语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#golang基础语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Golang基础语法&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="第一个go程序" tabindex="-1">第一个Go程序 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一个go程序" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一个Go程序&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello, World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello, World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="关键字" tabindex="-1">关键字 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关键字" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关键字&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><code>package</code>：定义当前源码文件所属的包。</li><li><code>import</code>：导入其他包。</li><li><code>func</code>：定义函数。</li><li><code>var</code>：声明变量。</li><li><code>const</code>：声明常量。</li><li><code>type</code>：定义类型。</li><li><code>struct</code>：定义结构体。</li><li><code>interface</code>：定义接口。</li><li><code>map</code>：定义映射类型。</li><li><code>range</code>：用于循环迭代。</li><li><code>select</code>：用于通道操作。</li><li><code>defer</code>：延迟执行。</li><li><code>go</code>：启动一个新的 goroutine。</li><li><code>chan</code>：定义通道类型。</li><li><code>default</code>：select 语句中的默认情况。</li><li><code>fallthrough</code>：在 switch 语句中贯穿到下一个 case。</li><li><code>if</code>：条件语句。</li><li><code>else</code>：if 语句中的默认情况。</li><li><code>switch</code>：多分支条件语句。</li><li><code>case</code>：switch 语句中的分支情况。</li><li><code>for</code>：循环语句。</li><li><code>break</code>：跳出循环或 switch 语句。</li><li><code>continue</code>：结束当前循环，开始下一次循环。</li><li><code>return</code>：返回函数结果。</li><li><code>panic</code>：抛出异常。</li></ul><h2 id="变量与常量" tabindex="-1">变量与常量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量与常量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量与常量&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="变量" tabindex="-1">变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="声明变量不赋值" tabindex="-1">声明变量不赋值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明变量不赋值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明变量不赋值&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>整型、浮点型变量的默认值为0和0.0</li><li>字符串变量的默认值为空字符串</li><li>布尔类型变量默认为false</li><li>切片、函数、指针变量的默认为nil</li></ul><h4 id="声明变量并初始化" tabindex="-1">声明变量并初始化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明变量并初始化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明变量并初始化&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b = hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b的类型是string</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b = hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b的类型是string</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="声明变量省略类型" tabindex="-1">声明变量省略类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明变量省略类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明变量省略类型&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b = hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b的类型是string</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a = 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// a的类型是int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b = hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// b的类型是string</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="短声明-只能在函数内" tabindex="-1">短声明（只能在函数内） <a class="header-anchor" href="#短声明-只能在函数内" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;短声明（只能在函数内）&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, c的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, c, c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// c = 1, c的类型是string</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, c的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, c, c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// c = 1, c的类型是string</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="多变量声明" tabindex="-1">多变量声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多变量声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多变量声明&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xx, yy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kk, wx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;666</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    var (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        nn int = 100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        mm bool = true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xx, yy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kk, wx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;666</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    var (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        nn int = 100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        mm bool = true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="匿名变量" tabindex="-1">匿名变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名变量&quot;">​</a></h4><p>匿名变量：下划线<code>_</code>，本身就是一个特殊的标识符。可以像其他标识符那样用于变量的声明，任何类型都可以赋值给它，<strong>但任何赋值给这个标识符的值都将被抛弃</strong>，因此这些值不能在后续的代码中使用。</p><h4 id="变量交换" tabindex="-1">变量交换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量交换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量交换&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p>和其他静态类型语言不同，可以直接交换变量（python也有这个语法）</p></blockquote><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	a, b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b, a</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 200 100</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	a, b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b, a</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 200 100</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="常量" tabindex="-1">常量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常量&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 常量(只读属性)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> length int </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// length = 100  // 常量是不允许被修改的</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;length = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 常量(只读属性)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> length int </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// length = 100  // 常量是不允许被修改的</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;length = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="使用常量定义枚举类型" tabindex="-1">使用常量定义枚举类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用常量定义枚举类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用常量定义枚举类型&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// const来定义枚举类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    BEIJING </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    SHANGHAI </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    SHENZHEN </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BEIJING = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, BEIJING)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;SHANGHAI = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, SHANGHAI)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;SHENZHEN = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, SHENZHEN)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// const来定义枚举类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    BEIJING </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    SHANGHAI </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    SHENZHEN </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BEIJING = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, BEIJING)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;SHANGHAI = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, SHANGHAI)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;SHENZHEN = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, SHENZHEN)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="iota常量计数器" tabindex="-1">iota常量计数器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iota常量计数器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iota常量计数器&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>iota</code> 是一个常量生成器，用于生成一组相关的枚举值。<code>iota</code> 可以与 <code>const</code> 关键字一起使用，在定义一组枚举时，用来生成连续的值。const 中每新增一行常量声明将使 iota 计数一次(iota 可理解为 const 语句块中的行索引)</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// iota 初始值为 0，每当出现一个新的常量声明时，它的值就会自动加 1，因此 Monday 的值为 1，Tuesday 的值为 2，以此类推。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Sunday </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iota</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Monday        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Tuesday       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Wednesday     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Thursday      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Friday        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Saturday      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 在下面的例子中，B 被显式赋值为 3.14，因此接下来的 C 的值为 iota + 1，即 2，而 D 的值也是 iota + 1，所以它的值为 3。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    A </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iota</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    B </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    C </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iota</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    D        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// iota 初始值为 0，每当出现一个新的常量声明时，它的值就会自动加 1，因此 Monday 的值为 1，Tuesday 的值为 2，以此类推。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Sunday </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iota</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Monday        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Tuesday       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Wednesday     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Thursday      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Friday        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Saturday      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 在下面的例子中，B 被显式赋值为 3.14，因此接下来的 C 的值为 iota + 1，即 2，而 D 的值也是 iota + 1，所以它的值为 3。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    A </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iota</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    B </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    C </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iota</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    D        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义递增的步长</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    BEIJING </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iota</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    SHANGHAI</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    SHENZHEN</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BEIJING = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, BEIJING)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;SHANGHAI = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, SHANGHAI)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;SHENZHEN = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, SHENZHEN)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义递增的步长</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    BEIJING </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iota</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    SHANGHAI</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    SHENZHEN</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BEIJING = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, BEIJING)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;SHANGHAI = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, SHANGHAI)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;SHENZHEN = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, SHENZHEN)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="基本数据类型" tabindex="-1">基本数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本数据类型&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="整型" tabindex="-1">整型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#整型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;整型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>int8：有符号 8 位整数类型，取值范围为 -128 到 127。</li><li>uint8（或 byte）：无符号 8 位整数类型，取值范围为 0 到 255。</li><li>int16：有符号 16 位整数类型，取值范围为 -32768 到 32767。</li><li>uint16：无符号 16 位整数类型，取值范围为 0 到 65535。</li><li>int32（或 rune）：有符号 32 位整数类型，取值范围为 -2147483648 到 2147483647。</li><li>uint32：无符号 32 位整数类型，取值范围为 0 到 4294967295。</li><li>int64：有符号 64 位整数类型，取值范围为 -9223372036854775808 到 9223372036854775807。</li><li>uint64：无符号 64 位整数类型，取值范围为 0 到 18446744073709551615。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">math</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">unsafe</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 有符号整型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num8 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">127</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num16 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">32767</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num32 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxInt32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num64 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxInt64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxInt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num8的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num8的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num8是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num8, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num8), num8)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num16的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num16的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num16是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num16, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num16), num16)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num32的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num32的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num32是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num32, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num32), num32)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num64的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num64的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num64是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num64, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num64), num64)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num), num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 无符号整型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">unsignedInteger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num8 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">128</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num16 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">32768</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num32 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxUint32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num64 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxUint64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxUint</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num8的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num8的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num8是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num8, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num8), num8)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num16的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num16的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num16是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num16, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num16), num16)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num32的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num32的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num32是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num32, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num32), num32)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num64的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num64的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num64是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num64, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num64), num64)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num的类型是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num的大小 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, num是 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		num, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num), num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;---------------------------------------&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">unsignedInteger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">math</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">unsafe</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 有符号整型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num8 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int8</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">127</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num16 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">32767</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num32 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxInt32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num64 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxInt64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxInt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num8的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num8的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num8是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num8, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num8), num8)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num16的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num16的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num16是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num16, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num16), num16)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num32的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num32的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num32是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num32, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num32), num32)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num64的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num64的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num64是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num64, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num64), num64)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num), num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 无符号整型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">unsignedInteger</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num8 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint8</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">128</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num16 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">32768</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num32 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxUint32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num64 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxUint64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxUint</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num8的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num8的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num8是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num8, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num8), num8)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num16的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num16的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num16是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num16, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num16), num16)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num32的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num32的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num32是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num32, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num32), num32)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num64的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num64的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num64是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num64, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num64), num64)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num的类型是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num的大小 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, num是 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		num, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num), num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;---------------------------------------&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">unsignedInteger</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><ul><li>除非对整型的大小有特定的需求，否则你通常应该使用 <code>int</code> 表示整型宽度，在 <code>32</code> 位系统下是 <code>32</code> 位，而在 <code>64</code> 位系统下是 <code>64</code> 位。表示范围：在 <code>32</code> 位系统下是 <code>-2147483648</code> ~ <code>2147483647</code> ，而在 <code>64</code> 位系统是 <code>-9223372036854775808</code> ~ <code>9223372036854775807</code> 。</li><li>对于 <code>int8</code> ， <code>int16</code> 等这些类型后面有跟一个数值的类型来说，它们能表示的数值个数是固定的。所以，在有的时候：例如在二进制传输、读写文件的结构描述(为了保持文件的结构不会受到不同编译目标平台字节长度的影响)等情况下，使用更加精确的 <code>int32</code> 和 <code>int64</code> 是更好的。</li></ul></div><h3 id="浮点型" tabindex="-1">浮点型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#浮点型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;浮点型&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>float32</code> 类型的变量占用 4 个字节的内存，可以表示的数值范围为±1.401298464324817e-45 到±3.4028234663852886e+38，精度约为 7 个十进制位。</p></li><li><p><code>float64</code> 类型的变量占用 8 个字节的内存， 可以表示的数值范围为±4.9406564584124654e-324 到±1.7976931348623157e+308，精度约为 15 个十进制位。</p></li></ul><p>Go 语言中的浮点数默认为 <code>float64</code> 类型，如果需要使用 <code>float32</code> 类型，需要显式声明。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">math</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showFloat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxFloat32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math.MaxFloat64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num1的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,num1是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%g\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, num1, num1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;num2的类型是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,num1是</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%g\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, num2, num2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showFloat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//num1的类型是float32,num1是3.4028235e+38</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//num2的类型是float64,num1是1.7976931348623157e+308</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">math</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showFloat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxFloat32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> math.MaxFloat64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num1的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,num1是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%g\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, num1, num1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;num2的类型是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,num1是</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%g\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, num2, num2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showFloat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//num1的类型是float32,num1是3.4028235e+38</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//num2的类型是float64,num1是1.7976931348623157e+308</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="字符" tabindex="-1">字符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字符&quot;">​</a></h3><p>字符串中的每一个元素叫作“字符”，定义字符时使用单引号。Go 语言的字符有两种。</p><ul><li><code>byte</code>类型，占用1个字节，表示 UTF-8 字符串的单个字节的值，表示的是 ASCII 码表中的一个字符，uint8 的别名类型</li><li><code>rune</code>类型，占用4个字节，表示单个 unicode 字符，int32 的别名类型</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">unsafe</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showChar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	z </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// x = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// y = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;z = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, z) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// z = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sizeOfChar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x 占用 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 个字节</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">rune</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y 占用 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 个字节</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(y))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showChar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sizeOfChar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">unsafe</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showChar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint8</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	z </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// x = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// y = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;z = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, z) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// z = A</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sizeOfChar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">65</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x 占用 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 个字节</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rune</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y 占用 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 个字节</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, unsafe.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sizeof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(y))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showChar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sizeOfChar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="字符串" tabindex="-1">字符串 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字符串" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字符串&quot;">​</a></h3><p>字符串在Go语言中是基本数据类型。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> study </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	 		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义名为str的字符串类型变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">study </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《123》&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将变量赋值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">study2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《789》&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 以自动推断方式初始化</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> study </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  	 		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义名为str的字符串类型变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">study </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《123》&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将变量赋值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">study2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《789》&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 以自动推断方式初始化</span></span></code></pre></div><p>定义多行字符串的方法如下。</p><ul><li>双引号书写字符串被称为字符串字面量（string literal），这种字面量不能跨行。</li><li>多行字符串需要使用反引号“`”，多用于内嵌源码和内嵌数据。</li><li>在反引号中的所有代码不会被编译器识别，而只是作为字符串的一部分。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    		study := &#39;Go语言&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    		fmt.Println(study)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">			`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    		study := &#39;Go语言&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    		fmt.Println(study)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">			`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="布尔" tabindex="-1">布尔 <a class="header-anchor" href="#布尔" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;布尔&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showBool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a=&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b=&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true &amp;&amp; false = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true || false = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showBool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showBool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a=&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b=&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true &amp;&amp; false = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true || false = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showBool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="复数" tabindex="-1">复数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#复数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;复数&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th>类 型</th><th>字 节 数</th><th>说 明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>complex64</td><td>8</td><td>64 位的复数型，由 float32 类型的实部和虚部联合表示</td></tr><tr><td>complex128</td><td>16</td><td>128 位的复数型，由 float64 类型的实部和虚部联合表示</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showComplex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 内置的 complex 函数用于构建复数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">complex64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">complex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">complex128</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">complex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> z </span><span style="color:#F97583;">complex128</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">complex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;z = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, z)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 内建的 real 和 imag 函数分别返回复数的实部和虚部</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;real(x) = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">real</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;imag(x) = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">imag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y * z = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, y</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">z)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showComplex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showComplex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 内置的 complex 函数用于构建复数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">complex64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">complex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">complex128</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">complex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> z </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">complex128</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">complex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;z = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, z)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 内建的 real 和 imag 函数分别返回复数的实部和虚部</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;real(x) = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">real</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;imag(x) = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">imag</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y * z = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, y</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">z)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showComplex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>同样可以用自然方式表示复数</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#F97583;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">z </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#F97583;">i</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">z </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">i</span></span></code></pre></div></div><h3 id="fmt格式化输出" tabindex="-1">fmt格式化输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#fmt格式化输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;fmt格式化输出&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th><strong>格式</strong></th><th><strong>含义</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>%%</td><td>一个%字面量</td></tr><tr><td>%b</td><td>一个二进制整数值(基数为 2)，或者是一个(高级的)用科学计数法表示的指数为 2 的浮点数</td></tr><tr><td>%c</td><td>字符型。可以把输入的数字按照 ASCII 码相应转换为对应的字符</td></tr><tr><td>%d</td><td>一个十进制数值(基数为 10)</td></tr><tr><td>%f</td><td>以标准记数法表示的浮点数或者复数值</td></tr><tr><td>%o</td><td>一个以八进制表示的数字(基数为 8)</td></tr><tr><td>%p</td><td>以十六进制(基数为 16)表示的一个值的地址，前缀为 0x,字母使用小写的 a-f 表示</td></tr><tr><td>%q</td><td>使用 Go 语法以及必须时使用转义，以双引号括起来的字符串或者字节切片[]byte，或者是以单引号括起来的数字</td></tr><tr><td>%s</td><td>字符串。输出字符串中的字符直至字符串中的空字符（字符串以’\0‘结尾，这个’\0’即空字符）</td></tr><tr><td>%t</td><td>以 true 或者 false 输出的布尔值</td></tr><tr><td>%T</td><td>使用 Go 语法输出的值的类型</td></tr><tr><td>%x</td><td>以十六进制表示的整型值(基数为十六)，数字 a-f 使用小写表示</td></tr><tr><td>%X</td><td>以十六进制表示的整型值(基数为十六)，数字 A-F 使用小写表示</td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li><p>fmt.Print: 将指定的内容打印到标准输出，不换行。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Println: 将指定的内容打印到标准输出，并在末尾添加换行符。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Printf: 根据格式字符串将指定的内容格式化后打印到标准输出。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Sprintf: 根据格式字符串将指定的内容格式化后返回一个格式化的字符串。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Scan: 从标准输入读取内容，并将其存储到指定的变量中。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Scanln: 从标准输入按空格分隔读取内容，并将其存储到指定的变量中，遇到换行符停止。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Scanf: 根据格式字符串从标准输入读取内容，并将其按指定的格式存储到指定的变量中。</p></li><li><p>fmt.Errorf: 根据格式字符串创建一个新的错误。</p></li></ul><h2 id="运算符" tabindex="-1">运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;运算符&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="算数运算符" tabindex="-1">算数运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#算数运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;算数运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>+</code>、<code>-</code>、<code>*</code>、<code>/</code>、<code>%</code>、<code>++</code>、<code>--</code></p><h3 id="关系运算符" tabindex="-1">关系运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关系运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关系运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>==</code>、<code>!=</code>、<code>&gt;</code>、<code>&lt;</code>、<code>&gt;=</code>、<code>&lt;=</code></p><h3 id="逻辑运算符" tabindex="-1">逻辑运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#逻辑运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;逻辑运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>&amp;&amp;</code>、<code>||</code>、<code>!</code></p><h3 id="位运算符" tabindex="-1">位运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#位运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;位运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>&amp;</code>、<code>|</code>、<code>^</code>、<code>&lt;&lt;</code>、<code>&gt;&gt;</code></p><h2 id="容器类型" tabindex="-1">容器类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#容器类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;容器类型&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="数组" tabindex="-1">数组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Go 中的数组是值类型而不是引用类型。当数组赋值给一个新的变量时，该变量会得到一个原始数组的一个副本。如果对新变量进行更改，不会影响原始数组。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">arrByValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	arr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	copy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	copy[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arr)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(copy)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">arrByValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	arr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	copy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	copy[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arr)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(copy)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="声明" tabindex="-1">声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>var variable_name [SIZE]variable_type</code></p><h4 id="初始化" tabindex="-1">初始化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#初始化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;初始化&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>var balance = [5]float32{1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0}</code></li><li><code>balance := [5]float32{1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0}</code></li></ul><p>如果数组长度不确定，可以使用 <strong>...</strong> 代替数组的长度，编译器会根据元素个数自行推断数组的长度：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">或</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">或</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果设置了数组的长度，我们还可以通过指定下标来初始化元素：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//  将索引为 1 和 3 的元素初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//  将索引为 1 和 3 的元素初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>初始化数组中 <strong>{}</strong> 中的元素个数不能大于 <strong>[]</strong> 中的数字。</p><p>如果忽略 <strong>[]</strong> 中的数字不设置数组大小，Go 语言会根据元素的个数来设置数组的大小：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">balance[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50.0</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">balance[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50.0</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="访问" tabindex="-1">访问 <a class="header-anchor" href="#访问" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;访问&quot;">​</a></h4><p>数组元素可以通过索引（位置）来读取。格式为数组名后加中括号，中括号中为索引的值。例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> salary </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> balance[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> salary </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> balance[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="数组长度" tabindex="-1">数组长度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组长度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组长度&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>len(arr)</code></p><h4 id="数组遍历" tabindex="-1">数组遍历 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数组遍历" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数组遍历&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用<code>for range循环</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showArr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	arr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index, value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arr[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">]=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, index, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;value=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showArr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	arr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index, value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arr[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">]=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, index, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;value=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="切片slice" tabindex="-1">切片Slice <a class="header-anchor" href="#切片slice" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切片Slice&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Go 语言切片是对数组的抽象。</p><p>Go 数组的长度不可改变，在特定场景中这样的集合就不太适用，Go 中提供了一种灵活，功能强悍的内置类型切片(&quot;动态数组&quot;)，与数组相比切片的长度是不固定的，可以追加元素，在追加时可能使切片的容量增大。</p><h4 id="定义切片" tabindex="-1">定义切片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定义切片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定义切片&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> identifier []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> identifier []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span></span></code></pre></div><p>切片不需要说明长度。</p><p>或使用 <strong>make()</strong> 函数来创建切片:</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> slice1 []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]type, len)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">也可以简写为</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">slice1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]type, len)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> slice1 []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]type, len)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">也可以简写为</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">slice1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]type, len)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>也可以指定容量，其中 <strong>capacity</strong> 为可选参数。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]T, length, capacity)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]T, length, capacity)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里 len 是数组的长度并且也是切片的初始长度。</p><h4 id="切片初始化" tabindex="-1">切片初始化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切片初始化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切片初始化&quot;">​</a></h4><p>直接初始化切片，<strong>[]</strong> 表示是切片类型，<strong>{1,2,3}</strong> 初始化值依次是 <strong>1,2,3</strong>，其 <strong>cap=len=3</strong>。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span></code></pre></div><p>初始化切片 <strong>s</strong>，是数组 arr 的引用。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr[:]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr[:]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>将 arr 中从下标 startIndex 到 endIndex-1 下的元素创建为一个新的切片。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr[startIndex:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr[startIndex:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>默认 endIndex 时将表示一直到arr的最后一个元素。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr[startIndex:]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr[startIndex:]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>默认 startIndex 时将表示从 arr 的第一个元素开始。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr[:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr[:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>通过切片 s 初始化切片 s1。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s[startIndex:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s[startIndex:endIndex]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>通过内置函数 <strong>make()</strong> 初始化切片<strong>s</strong>，<strong>[]int</strong> 标识为其元素类型为 int 的切片。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,len,cap)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,len,cap)</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p><code>make([]T, length, capacity)</code> 用于创建一个指定类型 <code>T</code>、长度为 <code>length</code>、容量为 <code>capacity</code> 的切片。其中，<code>length</code> 表示切片的实际长度，而 <code>capacity</code> 则表示切片底层数组的容量。</p><p>切片的容量可以理解为底层数组能够容纳的元素数量。当切片的容量不足以容纳新添加的元素时，Go 会自动将底层数组扩展一倍，并将原有的元素复制到新的数组中。因此，在预先分配足够容量的情况下，可以避免频繁的内存分配和数据复制操作，提高代码的性能。</p><p>需要注意的是，<code>capacity</code> 参数不能小于 <code>length</code> 参数。如果 <code>capacity</code> 小于 <code>length</code>，则会抛出一个运行时异常。</p></blockquote><ul><li>由于 slice 是引用类型，所以你不对它进行赋值的话，它的默认值是 <code>nil</code></li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> numList []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(numList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> numList []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(numList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>切片之间不能比较，因此我们不能使用 <code>==</code> 操作符来判断两个 slice 是否含有全部相等元素。特别注意，如果你需要测试一个 slice 是否是空的，使用 <code>len(s) == 0</code> 来判断，而不应该用 <code>s == nil</code> 来判断。</li></ul><h4 id="切片的长度和容量" tabindex="-1">切片的长度和容量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切片的长度和容量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切片的长度和容量&quot;">​</a></h4><p>一个 slice 由三个部分构成：<strong>指针</strong> 、 <strong>长度</strong> 和 <strong>容量</strong> 。指针指向第一个 slice 元素对应的底层数组元素的地址，要注意的是 slice 的第一个元素并不一定就是数组的第一个元素。长度对应 slice 中元素的数目；长度不能超过容量，容量一般是从 slice 的开始位置到底层数据的结尾位置。简单的讲，容量就是从创建切片索引开始的底层数组中的元素个数，而长度是切片中的元素个数。</p><p>内置的 <code>len</code> 和 <code>cap</code> 函数分别返回 slice 的长度和容量。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="切片元素修改" tabindex="-1">切片元素修改 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切片元素修改" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切片元素修改&quot;">​</a></h4><p>切片自己不拥有任何数据。它只是底层数组的一种表示。对切片所做的任何修改都会反映在底层数组中。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">modifySlice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arr[:] </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//[0:len(arr)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arr) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arr) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">modifySlice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arr[:] </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//[0:len(arr)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arr) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arr) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里的 <code>arr[:]</code> 没有填入起始值和结束值，默认就是 <code>0</code> 和 <code>len(arr)</code> 。</p><h4 id="追加切片元素" tabindex="-1">追加切片元素 <a class="header-anchor" href="#追加切片元素" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;追加切片元素&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用 <code>append</code> 可以将新元素追加到切片上。<code>append</code> 函数的定义是 <code>func append(slice []Type, elems ...Type) []Type</code> 。其中 <code>elems ...Type</code> 在函数定义中表示该函数接受参数 <code>elems</code> 的个数是可变的。这些类型的函数被称为可变参数。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">appendSliceData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;567&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s, []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">appendSliceData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;567&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s, []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当新的元素被添加到切片时，如果容量不足，会创建一个新的数组。现有数组的元素被复制到这个新数组中，并返回新的引用。现在新切片的容量是旧切片的两倍。</p><h4 id="多维切片" tabindex="-1">多维切片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多维切片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多维切片&quot;">​</a></h4><p>类似于数组，切片也可以有多个维度。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mSlice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	numList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [][]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(numList)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mSlice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	numList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [][]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(numList)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="map" tabindex="-1">Map <a class="header-anchor" href="#map" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Map&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在 Go 语言中，map 是散列表(哈希表)的引用。它是一个拥有键值对元素的<strong>无序集合</strong>，在这个集合中，键是唯一的，可以通过键来获取、更新或移除操作。无论这个散列表有多大，这些操作基本上是通过常量时间完成的。所有可比较的类型，如 <code>整型</code> ，<code>字符串</code> 等，都可以作为 <code>key</code> 。</p><h4 id="创建map" tabindex="-1">创建Map <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建map" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建Map&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用 <code>make</code> 函数传入键和值的类型，可以创建 map 。具体语法为 <code>make(map[KeyType]ValueType)</code> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个键类型为 string 值类型为 int 名为 scores 的 map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">scores </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">steps </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个键类型为 string 值类型为 int 名为 scores 的 map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">scores </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">steps </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>字面量创建：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> steps2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]string </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(steps2)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> steps2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]string </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(steps2)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">steps3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(steps3)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">steps3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(steps3)</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="map操作" tabindex="-1">Map操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#map操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Map操作&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>添加元素</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以使用 `map[key] = value` 向 map 添加元素。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">steps3[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;总监&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以使用 `map[key] = value` 向 map 添加元素。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">steps3[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;总监&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>更新元素</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 若 key 已存在，使用 map[key] = value 可以直接更新对应 key 的 value 值。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">steps3[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CTO&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 若 key 已存在，使用 map[key] = value 可以直接更新对应 key 的 value 值。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">steps3[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CTO&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>获取元素</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 直接使用 map[key] 即可获取对应 key 的 value 值,如果 key不存在,会返回其 value 类型的零值。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(steps3[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] )</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 直接使用 map[key] 即可获取对应 key 的 value 值,如果 key不存在,会返回其 value 类型的零值。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(steps3[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] )</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>删除元素</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//使用 delete(map, key)可以删除 map 中的对应 key 键值对,如果 key 不存在,delete 函数会静默处理，不会报错。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(steps3, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//使用 delete(map, key)可以删除 map 中的对应 key 键值对,如果 key 不存在,delete 函数会静默处理，不会报错。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(steps3, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>判断 key 是否存在</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果我们想知道 map 中的某个 key 是否存在，可以使用下面的语法：value, ok := map[key]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">v3, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> steps3[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">v4, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> steps3[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v4)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果我们想知道 map 中的某个 key 是否存在，可以使用下面的语法：value, ok := map[key]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">v3, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> steps3[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">v4, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> steps3[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第四步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v4)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个语句说明 <code>map</code> 的下标读取可以返回两个值，第一个值为当前 <code>key</code> 的 <code>value</code> 值，第二个值表示对应的 <code>key</code> 是否存在，若存在 <code>ok</code> 为 <code>true</code> ，若不存在，则 <code>ok</code> 为 <code>false</code> 。</p></li><li><p>遍历 map</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 遍历 map 中所有的元素需要用 for range 循环。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key, value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> steps3 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;key: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, key, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 遍历 map 中所有的元素需要用 for range 循环。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key, value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> steps3 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;key: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, key, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>获取 map 长度</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用 len 函数可以获取 map 长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(steps3))    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用 len 函数可以获取 map 长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(steps3))    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h4 id="map是引用类型" tabindex="-1">map是引用类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#map是引用类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;map是引用类型&quot;">​</a></h4><p>当 <code>map</code> 被赋值为一个新变量的时候，它们指向同一个内部数据结构。因此，改变其中一个变量，就会影响到另一变量。</p><div class="language-GO vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">GO</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mapByReference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		steps4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;steps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, steps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// steps4:  map[第一步:123 第三步:789 第二步:456]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	newSteps4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> steps4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;steps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, steps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// steps4:  map[第一步:123-222 第三步:789-222 第二步:456-222]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;newSteps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, newSteps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// newSteps4:  map[第一步:123-222 第三步:789-222 第二步:456-222]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mapByReference</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		steps4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;steps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, steps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// steps4:  map[第一步:123 第三步:789 第二步:456]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	newSteps4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> steps4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第一步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第二步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	newSteps4[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第三步&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789-222&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;steps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, steps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// steps4:  map[第一步:123-222 第三步:789-222 第二步:456-222]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;newSteps4: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, newSteps4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// newSteps4:  map[第一步:123-222 第三步:789-222 第二步:456-222]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当 <code>map</code> 作为函数参数传递时也会发生同样的情况。</p><h2 id="流程控制语句" tabindex="-1">流程控制语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程控制语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程控制语句&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="条件语句" tabindex="-1">条件语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#条件语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;条件语句&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 条件1 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  逻辑代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  条件2 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  逻辑代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 条件 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 条件1 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  逻辑代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  条件2 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  逻辑代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 条件 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">90</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩等级为A&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩等级为B&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">70</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩等级为C&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩等级为D&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩等级为E 成绩不及格&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">90</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩等级为A&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩等级为B&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">70</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩等级为C&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩等级为D&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩等级为E 成绩不及格&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>if</code> 还有另外一种写法，它包含一个 <code>statement</code> 可选语句部分，该可选语句在条件判断之前运行。它的语法是：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statement; condition {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;成绩及格&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statement; condition {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;成绩及格&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="switch-case" tabindex="-1">switch case <a class="header-anchor" href="#switch-case" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;switch case&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式值1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        业务逻辑代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式值2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        业务逻辑代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式值3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        业务逻辑代码3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表达式值 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        业务逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        业务逻辑代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表达式 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表达式值1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        业务逻辑代码1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表达式值2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        业务逻辑代码2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表达式值3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        业务逻辑代码3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表达式值 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        业务逻辑代码 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        业务逻辑代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">grade </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;B&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> grade {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;A&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is between 90 and 100.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;B&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is between 80 and 90.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;C&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is between 70 and 80.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;D&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is between 60 and 70.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Your score is below 60.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">grade </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;B&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> grade {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;A&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is between 90 and 100.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;B&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is between 80 and 90.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;C&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is between 70 and 80.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;D&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is between 60 and 70.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Your score is below 60.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>一个 case 多个条件</strong></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">month </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> month {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份有 31 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份有 30 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份闰年为 29 天，非闰年为 28 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;输入有误！&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">month </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> month {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份有 31 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份有 30 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份闰年为 29 天，非闰年为 28 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;输入有误！&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>switch</code> 还有另外一种写法，它包含一个 <code>statement</code> 可选语句部分，该可选语句在表达式之前运行。它的语法是：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> statement; expression {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> month </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; month {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份有 31 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份有 30 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;该月份闰年为 29 天，非闰年为 28 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;输入有误！&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> statement; expression {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> month </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; month {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份有 31 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份有 30 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;该月份闰年为 29 天，非闰年为 28 天&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;输入有误！&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里 <code>month</code> 变量的作用域就仅限于这个 <code>switch</code> 内。</p><p><strong>switch 后可接函数</strong></p><p><code>switch</code> 后面可以接一个函数，只要保证 <code>case</code> 后的值类型与函数的返回值一致即可。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> chinese </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> math </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">90</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> english </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">95</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(chinese, math, english) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;考试通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;考试未通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> chinese </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> math </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">90</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> english </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">95</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(chinese, math, english) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;考试通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;考试未通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>无表达式的 switch</strong></p><p><code>switch</code> 后面的表达式是可选的。如果省略该表达式，则表示这个 <code>switch</code> 语句等同于 <code>switch true</code> ，并且每个 <code>case</code> 表达式都被认定为有效，相应的代码块也会被执行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">90</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;grade A&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">90</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;grade B&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">70</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;grade C&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">70</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;grade D&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> score </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;grade E&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">88</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">90</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;grade A&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">90</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;grade B&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">70</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;grade C&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">70</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;grade D&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> score </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;grade E&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>该 <code>switch-case</code> 语句相当于 <code>if-elseif-else</code> 语句。</p><p><strong>fallthrough 语句</strong></p><p>正常情况下 <code>switch-case</code> 语句在执行时只要有一个 <code>case</code> 满足条件，就会直接退出 <code>switch-case</code> ，如果一个都没有满足，才会执行 <code>default</code> 的代码块。不同于其他语言需要在每个 <code>case</code> 中添加 <code>break</code> 语句才能退出。使用 <code>fallthrough</code> 语句可以在已经执行完成的 <code>case</code> 之后，把控制权转移到下一个 <code>case</code> 的执行代码中。<code>fallthrough</code> 只能穿透一层，不管你有没有匹配上，都要退出了。<code>fallthrough</code> 语句是 <code>case</code> 子句的最后一个语句。如果它出现在了 <code>case</code> 语句的中间，编译会不通过。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fallthrough</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fallthrough</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="循环语句" tabindex="-1">循环语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#循环语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;循环语句&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>循环语句</strong> 可以用来重复执行某一段代码。在 C 语言中，循环语句有 <code>for</code> 、 <code>while</code> 和 <code>do while</code> 三种循环。但在 Go 中只有 <code>for</code> 一种循环语句。下面是 <code>for</code> 循环语句的四种基本模型：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接三个表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> initialisation; condition; post {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接一个条件表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> condition {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接一个 range 表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> range_expression {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 不接表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接三个表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> initialisation; condition; post {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接一个条件表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> condition {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 接一个 range 表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> range_expression {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// for 不接表达式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p><strong>接一个条件表达式</strong></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    num</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    num</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><strong>接三个表达式</strong></p><p><code>for</code> 后面接的这三个表达式，各有各的用途：</p><ul><li>第一个表达式(<code>initialisation</code>)：初始化控制变量，在整个循环生命周期内，只执行一次；</li><li>第二个表达式(<code>condition</code>)：设置循环控制条件，该表达式值为 <code>true</code> 时循环，值为 <code>false</code> 时结束循环；</li><li>第三个表达式(<code>post</code>)：每次循环完都会执行此表达式，可以利用其让控制变量增量或减量。</li></ul><p>这三个表达式，使用 <code>;</code> 分隔。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; num</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; num</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><strong>接一个 range 表达式</strong></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index, value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, value </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, index, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index, value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, value </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%c\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, index, value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><strong>不接表达式</strong></p><p><code>for</code> 后面不接表达式就相当于无限循环，当然，可以使用 <code>break</code> 语句退出循环</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 第一种写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 第二种写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ;; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 第一种写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 第二种写法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ;; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><strong>break 语句</strong></p><p><code>break</code> 语句用于终止 <code>for</code> 循环，之后程序将执行在 <code>for</code> 循环后的代码。上面的例子已经演示了 <code>break</code> 语句的使用。</p></li><li><p><strong>continue 语句</strong></p><p><code>continue</code> 语句用来跳出 <code>for</code> 循环中的当前循环。在 <code>continue</code> 语句后的所有的 <code>for</code> 循环语句都不会在本次循环中执行，执行完 <code>continue</code> 语句后将会继续执行一下次循环。下面的程序会打印出 <code>10</code> 以内的奇数。</p></li></ul><h3 id="defer延迟调用" tabindex="-1">defer延迟调用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#defer延迟调用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;defer延迟调用&quot;">​</a></h3><p>含有 <code>defer</code> 语句的函数，会在该函数将要返回之前，调用另一个函数。简单点说就是 <code>defer</code> 语句后面跟着的函数会延迟到当前函数执行完后再执行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">bookPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bookPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main函数...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bookPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bookPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main函数...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>首先，执行 <code>main</code> 函数，因为 <code>bookPrint()</code> 函数前有 <code>defer</code> 关键字，所以会在执行完 <code>main</code> 函数后再执行 <code>bookPrint()</code> 函数，所以先打印出 <code>main函数...</code> ，再执行 <code>bookPrint()</code> 函数打印 <code>123</code> 。</p><p><strong>即时求值的变量快照</strong></p><p>使用 <code>defer</code> 只是延时调用函数，传递给函数里的变量，不应该受到后续程序的影响。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 123</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 123</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>延迟方法</strong></p><p><code>defer</code> 不仅能够延迟函数的执行，也能延迟方法的执行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b Book) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, b.bookName, b.authorName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Book{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">printName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main... &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main... 123 456</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Book</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b Book) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, b.bookName, b.authorName)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Book{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">printName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main... &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main... 123 456</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>defer 栈</strong></p><p>当一个函数内多次调用 <code>defer</code> 时，Go 会把 <code>defer</code> 调用放入到一个栈中，随后按照 <strong>后进先出</strong> 的顺序执行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main...789456123</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main...789456123</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>defer 在 return 后调用</strong></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showLesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;showLesson: s =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showLesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main: s =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main: lesson =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//showLesson: s = 123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main: s = 456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main: lesson = 123</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showLesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;showLesson: s =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showLesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main: s =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main: lesson =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//showLesson: s = 123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main: s = 456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//main: lesson = 123</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><h3 id="go-中-defer-和-return-执行的先后顺序" tabindex="-1">Go 中 defer 和 return 执行的先后顺序 <a class="header-anchor" href="#go-中-defer-和-return-执行的先后顺序" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Go 中 defer 和 return 执行的先后顺序&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>多个defer的执行顺序为“后进先出”；</li><li>defer、return、返回值三者的执行逻辑应该是：return最先执行，return负责将结果写入返回值中；接着defer开始执行一些收尾工作；最后函数携带当前返回值退出。</li></ol><p>如果函数的返回值是无名的（不带命名返回值），则go语言会在执行return的时候会执行一个类似创建一个临时变量作为保存return值的动作，而有名返回值的函数，由于返回值在函数定义的时候已经将该变量进行定义，在执行return的时候会先执行返回值保存操作，而后续的defer函数会改变这个返回值(虽然defer是在return之后执行的，但是由于使用的函数定义的变量，所以执行defer操作后对该变量的修改会影响到return的值</p></blockquote><p><strong>defer 可以使代码更简洁</strong></p><p>如果没有使用 <code>defer</code> ，当在一个操作资源的函数里调用多个 <code>return</code> 时，每次都得释放资源，你可能这样写代码：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//0，获取资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//2，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//3，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//4，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//0，获取资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//2，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//3，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//4，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>有了 <code>defer</code> 之后，可以简洁地写成下面这样：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//0，获取资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//0，获取资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1，释放资源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">......</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="goto无条件跳转" tabindex="-1">goto无条件跳转 <a class="header-anchor" href="#goto无条件跳转" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;goto无条件跳转&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在 Go 语言中保留 <code>goto</code> 。<code>goto</code> 后面接的是标签，表示下一步要执行哪里的代码。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">goto</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> label</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">label:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//789</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">goto</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> label</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;456&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">label:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;789&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//789</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="指针" tabindex="-1">指针 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指针" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指针&quot;">​</a></h2><p>一个指针变量指向了一个值的内存地址。</p><p>类似于变量和常量，在使用指针前你需要声明指针。指针声明格式如下：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> var_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">var</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">type</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> var_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">var</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">type</span></span></code></pre></div><p>var-type 为指针类型，var_name 为指针变量名，* 号用于指定变量是作为一个指针。以下是有效的指针声明：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指向整型*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*float32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指向浮点型 */</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指向整型*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*float32</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指向浮点型 */</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="操作符" tabindex="-1">操作符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#操作符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;操作符&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>&amp; 操作符可以从一个变量中取到其内存地址。</li></ul><ul><li>操作符如果在赋值操作值的左边，指该指针指向的变量；* 操作符如果在赋值操作符的右边，指从一个指针变量中取得变量值，又称指针的解引用。</li></ul><h3 id="如何使用指针" tabindex="-1">如何使用指针 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何使用指针" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何使用指针&quot;">​</a></h3><p>指针使用流程：</p><ul><li>定义指针变量。</li><li>为指针变量赋值。</li><li>访问指针变量中指向地址的值。</li><li>在指针类型前面加上 * 号（前缀）来获取指针所指向的内容。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 声明实际变量 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 声明指针变量 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   ip </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指针变量的存储地址 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;a 变量的地址是: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%x\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指针变量的存储地址 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ip 变量储存的指针地址: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%x\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, ip )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 使用指针访问值 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*ip 变量的值: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ip )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//a 变量的地址是: 20818a220</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ip 变量储存的指针地址: 20818a220</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//*ip 变量的值: 20</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 声明实际变量 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 声明指针变量 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   ip </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">a  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指针变量的存储地址 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;a 变量的地址是: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%x\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">a  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 指针变量的存储地址 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ip 变量储存的指针地址: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%x\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, ip )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 使用指针访问值 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*ip 变量的值: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ip )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//a 变量的地址是: 20818a220</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ip 变量储存的指针地址: 20818a220</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//*ip 变量的值: 20</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="空指针" tabindex="-1">空指针 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空指针" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空指针&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当一个指针被定义后没有分配到任何变量时，它的值为 nil。</p><p>nil 指针也称为空指针。</p><p>nil在概念上和其它语言的null、None、nil、NULL一样，都指代零值或空值。</p><p>一个指针变量通常缩写为 ptr。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ptr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*int</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ptr 的值为 : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%x</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">**</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, ptr  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ptr 的值为 : 0</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ptr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*int</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ptr 的值为 : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%x</span><span style="color:#032F62;">**</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, ptr  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//ptr 的值为 : 0</span></span></code></pre></div><p>空指针判断</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ptr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* ptr 不是空指针 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ptr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* ptr 是空指针 */</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ptr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* ptr 不是空指针 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ptr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* ptr 是空指针 */</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="函数传递指针函数" tabindex="-1">函数传递指针函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数传递指针函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数传递指针函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在函数中对指针参数所做的修改，在函数返回后会保存相应的修改。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">changeByPointer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	x3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	p3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;执行changeByPointer函数之前p3是&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">changeByPointer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;执行changeByPointer函数之后p3是&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行changeByPointer函数之前p3是 99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行changeByPointer函数之后p3是 200</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">changeByPointer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	x3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	p3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;执行changeByPointer函数之前p3是&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">changeByPointer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;执行changeByPointer函数之后p3是&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">p3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行changeByPointer函数之前p3是 99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行changeByPointer函数之后p3是 200</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="指针与切片" tabindex="-1">指针与切片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指针与切片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指针与切片&quot;">​</a></h3><p>切片与指针一样是引用类型，如果我们想通过一个函数改变一个数组的值，可以将该数组的切片当作参数传给函数，也可以将这个数组的指针当作参数传给函数。但 Go 中建议使用第一种方法，即将该数组的切片当作参数传给函数，因为这么写更加简洁易读。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用切片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">changeSlice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	value[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用数组指针</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">changeArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">changeSlice</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x[:])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [200 20 30]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">changeArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(y) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [200 200 300]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用切片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">changeSlice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	value[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用数组指针</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">changeArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">value)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">changeSlice</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x[:])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [200 20 30]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">changeArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(y) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// [200 200 300]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="结构体" tabindex="-1">结构体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结构体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结构体&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Go 语言中数组可以存储同一类型的数据，但在结构体中我们可以为不同项定义不同的数据类型。</p><p>结构体是由一系列具有相同类型或不同类型的数据构成的数据集合。Go中没有<code>class</code>的概念，只有<code>struct</code>结构体，所以也没有继承。</p><h3 id="声明-1" tabindex="-1">声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">struct_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    attribute_name1   attribute_type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    attribute_name2   attribute_type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//学习目标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//学习花费时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可以把相同类型的属性声明在同一行，这样可以使结构体变得更加紧凑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name, target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    spend             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">struct_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    attribute_name1   attribute_type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    attribute_name2   attribute_type</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//学习目标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//学习花费时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//可以把相同类型的属性声明在同一行，这样可以使结构体变得更加紧凑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name, target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    spend             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的结构体称为命名结构体<code>Named Structure</code>。声明结构体时也可以不用声明新类型，这种结构体类型称为匿名结构体<code>Anonymous Structure</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name, target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    spend             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name, target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    spend             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="创建命名结构体" tabindex="-1">创建命名结构体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建命名结构体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建命名结构体&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用字段名创建结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;学习Go语言，并完成一个单体服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		spend:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不使用字段名创建结构体，按字段声明顺序初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;学习Go语言，并完成一个单体服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson1 &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson2 &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用字段名创建结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;学习Go语言，并完成一个单体服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		spend:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不使用字段名创建结构体，按字段声明顺序初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;学习Go语言，并完成一个单体服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson1 &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson2 &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="结构体标签" tabindex="-1">结构体标签 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结构体标签" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结构体标签&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Tag是结构体的元信息，可以在运行的时候通过反射的机制读取出来。</p><p>Tag在结构体字段的后方定义，由一对反引号包裹起来，具体的格式如下：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`key1:&quot;value1&quot; key2:&quot;value2&quot;`</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">`key1:&quot;value1&quot; key2:&quot;value2&quot;`</span></span></code></pre></div><p>结构体标签由一个或多个键值对组成。键与值使用冒号分隔，值用双引号括起来。键值对之间使用一个空格分隔。 注意事项： 为结构体编写Tag时，必须严格遵守键值对的规则。结构体标签的解析代码的容错能力很差，一旦格式写错，编译和运行时都不会提示任何错误，通过反射也无法正确取值。例如不要在key和value之间添加空格。</p><p>例如我们为Student结构体的每个字段定义json序列化时使用的Tag：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//Student 学生</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Student</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ID     </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`json:&quot;id&quot;`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//通过指定tag实现json序列化该字段时的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Gender </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//json序列化是默认使用字段名作为key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//私有不能被json包访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ID:     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Gender: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;女&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;pprof&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Marshal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;json marshal failed!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;json str:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, data) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//json str:{&quot;id&quot;:1,&quot;Gender&quot;:&quot;女&quot;}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//Student 学生</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Student</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ID     </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`json:&quot;id&quot;`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//通过指定tag实现json序列化该字段时的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Gender </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//json序列化是默认使用字段名作为key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//私有不能被json包访问</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ID:     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Gender: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;女&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;pprof&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Marshal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;json marshal failed!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;json str:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, data) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//json str:{&quot;id&quot;:1,&quot;Gender&quot;:&quot;女&quot;}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="创建匿名结构体" tabindex="-1">创建匿名结构体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建匿名结构体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建匿名结构体&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建匿名结构体变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name, target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		spend          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握GO语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		spend:   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson3 &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建匿名结构体变量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name, target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		spend          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握GO语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		spend:   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson3 &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="结构体的零值-zero-value" tabindex="-1">结构体的零值(Zero Value) <a class="header-anchor" href="#结构体的零值-zero-value" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结构体的零值(Zero Value)&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当定义好的结构体没有被显式初始化时，结构体的字段将会默认赋为相应类型的零值。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不初始化结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson4 &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson4  {  0}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不初始化结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson4 &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson4  {  0}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="访问结构体字段" tabindex="-1">访问结构体字段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#访问结构体字段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;访问结构体字段&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>.</code>点操作符访问：<code>lesson.name</code></p><p>使用<code>.</code>也可用与给结构体字段赋值:<code>lesson.name = &quot;test&quot;</code></p><h3 id="指向结构体的指针" tabindex="-1">指向结构体的指针 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指向结构体的指针" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指向结构体的指针&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson8 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Lesson{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言微服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson8 name: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lesson8).name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson8 name: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson8.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson8 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Lesson{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言微服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson8 name: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">lesson8).name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson8 name: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson8.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>lesson8</code> 是一个指向结构体 <code>Lesson</code> 的指针，用 <code>(*lesson8).name</code> 访问 <code>lesson8</code> 的 <code>name</code> 字段， <code>lesson8.name</code> 代替 <code>(*lesson8).name</code> 的解引用访问。</p><h3 id="匿名字段" tabindex="-1">匿名字段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名字段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名字段&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在创建结构体时，字段可以只有类型没有字段名，这种字段称为 <strong>匿名字段(Anonymous Field)</strong> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson9 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson4{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson9 &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson9)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson9 string: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson9.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson9 int: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson9.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson9 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson4{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson9 &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson9)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson9 string: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson9.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson9 int: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson9.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的程序结构体定义了两个匿名字段，虽然这两个字段没有字段名，但匿名字段的名称默认就是它的类型。所以上面的结构体 <code>Lesoon4</code> 有两个名为 <code>string</code> 和 <code>int</code> 的字段。</p><h3 id="嵌套结构体" tabindex="-1">嵌套结构体 <a class="header-anchor" href="#嵌套结构体" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;嵌套结构体&quot;">​</a></h3><p>结构体的字段也可能是另外一个结构体，这样的结构体称为 <strong>嵌套结构体(Nested Structs)</strong></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Author</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	wx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	author Author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson10 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson5{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		spend: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson10.author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Author{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		wx: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;666&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 spend:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.spend)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 author name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.author.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 author wx:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.author.wx)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Author</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	wx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson5</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	author Author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson10 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson5{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		spend: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson10.author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Author{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		wx: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;666&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 spend:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.spend)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 author name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.author.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 author wx:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.author.wx)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的程序 <code>Lesson5</code> 结构体有一个字段 <code>author</code> ，而且它的类型也是一个结构体 <code>Author</code> 。</p><h3 id="提升字段" tabindex="-1">提升字段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#提升字段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;提升字段&quot;">​</a></h3><p>结构体中如果有匿名的结构体类型字段，则该匿名结构体里的字段就称为 <strong>提升字段(Promoted Fields)</strong> 。这是因为提升字段就像是属于外部结构体一样，可以用外部结构体直接访问。就像刚刚上面的程序，如果我们把 <code>Lesson</code> 结构体中的字段 <code>author</code> 直接用匿名字段 <code>Author</code> 代替， <code>Author</code> 结构体的字段例如 <code>name</code> 就不用像上面那样使用 <code>lesson10.author.wx</code> 访问，而是使用 <code>lesson10.wx</code> 就能访问 <code>Author</code> 结构体中的 <code>wx</code> 字段。现在结构体 <code>Author</code> 有 <code>name</code> 、 <code>wx</code> 两个字段，访问字段就像在 <code>Lesson</code> 里直接声明的一样，因此我们称之为提升字段。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Author</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	wx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson10 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson6{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson10.Author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Author{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		wx:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;666&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;lesson10 author wx:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson10.wx)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 name: Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 target: 掌握Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 author wx: 666</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Author</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	wx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson6</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson10 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson6{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson10.Author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Author{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;golang&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		wx:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;666&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;lesson10 author wx:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson10.wx)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 name: Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 target: 掌握Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//lesson10 author wx: 666</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="结构体比较" tabindex="-1">结构体比较 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结构体比较" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结构体比较&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如果结构体的全部成员都是可以比较的，那么结构体也是可以比较的，那样的话两个结构体将可以使用 <code>==</code> 或 <code>!=</code> 运算符进行比较。可以通过==运算符或 DeeplyEqual()函数比较两个结构相同的类型并包含相同的字段值。因此下面两个比较的表达式是等价的：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson11 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson12 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson11.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson12.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson11.target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson12.target) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson11 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson12) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson11 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson12 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson11.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson12.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson11.target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson12.target) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson11 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson12) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="给结构体定义方法" tabindex="-1">给结构体定义方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#给结构体定义方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给结构体定义方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在 Go 中无法在结构体内部定义方法</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ShowLessonInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (l Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, l.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, l.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ShowLessonInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (l Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, l.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, l.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的程序中定义了一个与结构体 <code>Lesson</code> 绑定的方法 <code>ShowLessonInfo()</code> ，其中 <code>ShowLessonInfo</code> 是方法名， <code>(l Lesson)</code> 表示将此方法与 <code>Lesson</code> 的实例绑定，这在 Go 语言中称为接收者，而 <code>l</code> 表示实例本身，相当于 Python 中的 <code>self</code> ，在方法内可以使用 <code>实例本身.属性名称</code> 来访问实例属性。</p><h3 id="方法的参数传递方式" tabindex="-1">方法的参数传递方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方法的参数传递方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方法的参数传递方式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如果绑定结构体的方法中要改变实例的属性时，必须使用指针作为方法的接收者。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ShowLessonInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (l Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, l.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, l.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// AddTime 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法，使 spend 值加 n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (l </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AddTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	l.spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> l.spend </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        spend:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;添加add方法前&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;添加add方法后&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name,target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ShowLessonInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (l Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, l.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, l.target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// AddTime 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法，使 spend 值加 n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (l </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AddTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	l.spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> l.spend </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        spend:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;添加add方法前&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;添加add方法后&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson13.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowLessonInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="函数" tabindex="-1">函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>函数</strong> 是基于功能或逻辑进行封装的可复用的代码结构。将一段功能复杂、很长的一段代码封装成多个代码片段(即函数)，有助于提高代码可读性和可维护性。由于 Go 语言是编译型语言，所以函数编写的顺序是无关紧要的。</p><h3 id="声明-2" tabindex="-1">声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">function_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameter_list) (result_list) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">function_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameter_list) (result_list) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//函数体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="可变参数" tabindex="-1">可变参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#可变参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;可变参数&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="多个类型一致的参数" tabindex="-1">多个类型一致的参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多个类型一致的参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多个类型一致的参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>在参数类型前面加 <code>...</code> 表示一个切片，用来接收调用者传入的参数。注意，如果该函数下有其他类型的参数，这些其他参数必须放在参数列表的前面，切片必须放在最后。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	sum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		sum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	sum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(item)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		sum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="多个类型不一致的参数" tabindex="-1">多个类型不一致的参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多个类型不一致的参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多个类型不一致的参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如果传多个参数的类型都不一样，可以指定类型为 <code>...interface{}</code> ，然后再遍历。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, arg </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg.(type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;type is int.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;type is string.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;type is float64.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;is an unknown type.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">57</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, arg </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg.(type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;type is int.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;type is string.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;type is float64.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;is an unknown type.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">57</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="解序列" tabindex="-1">解序列 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解序列" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解序列&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用 <code>...</code> 可以用来解序列</p><h3 id="函数的返回值" tabindex="-1">函数的返回值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数的返回值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数的返回值&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当函数没有返回值时，函数体可以使用 <code>return</code> 语句返回。在 Go 中一个函数可以返回多个值。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showBookInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bookInfo, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">showBookInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;45&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bookInfo = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, err = </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, bookInfo, err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showBookInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bookInfo, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">showBookInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;45&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bookInfo = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, err = </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, bookInfo, err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>返回带有变量名的值</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">showBookInfo2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不使用 := 因为已经在返回值那里声明了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 直接返回即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">showBookInfo2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 不使用 := 因为已经在返回值那里声明了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 直接返回即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="匿名函数" tabindex="-1">匿名函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名函数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (parameter_list) (result_list) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	body</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (parameter_list) (result_list) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	body</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="内部方法与外部方法" tabindex="-1">内部方法与外部方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内部方法与外部方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内部方法与外部方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在 Go 语言中，函数名通过首字母大小写实现控制对方法的访问权限。</p><ul><li>当方法的首字母为 <strong>大写</strong> 时，这个方法对于 <strong>所有包</strong> 都是 <strong>Public</strong> ，其他包可以随意调用。</li><li>当方法的首字母为 <strong>小写</strong> 时，这个方法是 <strong>Private</strong> ，其他包是无法访问的。</li></ul><h2 id="方法" tabindex="-1">方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方法&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>方法</strong> 其实就是一个函数，在 <code>func</code> 这个关键字和方法名中间加入了一个特殊的接收器类型。接收器可以是结构体类型或者是非结构体类型。接收器是可以在方法的内部访问的。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (t Type) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">methodName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameterList) returnList{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (t Type) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">methodName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameterList) returnList{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="实例绑定" tabindex="-1">实例绑定 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实例绑定" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实例绑定&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// PrintInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    l </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    l.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// PrintInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    l </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    l.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>也可以把上面程序的方法改成一个函数</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson Lesson) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson Lesson) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行这个程序，也同样会输出上面一样的答案，那么我们为什么还要用方法呢？因为在 Go 中，相同的名字的方法可以定义在不同的类型上，而相同名字的函数是不被允许的。如果你在上面这个程序添加一个同名函数，就会报错。但是在不同的结构体上面定义同名的方法就是可行的。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Target </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Lesson name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Lesson target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Author</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (author Author) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;author name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, author.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Author{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Google&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    author.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Name   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Target </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Lesson name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Lesson target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Author</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (author Author) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;author name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, author.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Target: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Author{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Google&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    author.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="指针接收器与值接收器" tabindex="-1">指针接收器与值接收器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指针接收器与值接收器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指针接收器与值接收器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>值接收器和指针接收器之间的区别在于，在指针接收器的方法内部的改变对于调用者是可见的，然而值接收器的方法内部的改变对于调用者是不可见的，所以若要改变实例的属性时，必须使用指针作为方法的接收者。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Name      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Target    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	SpendTime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// PrintInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;spendTime:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, lesson.SpendTime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChangeLessonName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.Name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AddSpendTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.SpendTime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lesson.SpendTime </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Name:      </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Target:    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		SpendTime: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;before change&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;after change&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddSpendTime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ChangeLessonName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言123&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Lesson 定义一个名为 Lesson 的结构体</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Name      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Target    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	SpendTime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// PrintInfo 定义一个与 Lesson 的绑定的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;target:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.Target)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;spendTime:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, lesson.SpendTime)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChangeLessonName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.Name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AddSpendTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.SpendTime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lesson.SpendTime </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Name:      </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Target:    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;掌握Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		SpendTime: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;before change&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;after change&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddSpendTime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ChangeLessonName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言123&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在上面的程序中， <code>AddSpendTime</code> 使用指针接收器最终能改变实例的 <code>SpendTime</code> 值，然而使用值接收器的 <code>ChangeLessonName</code> 最终没有改变实例 <code>Name</code> 的值。</p><h3 id="在方法中使用值接收器-与-在函数中使用值参数" tabindex="-1">在方法中使用值接收器 与 在函数中使用值参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在方法中使用值接收器-与-在函数中使用值参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在方法中使用值接收器 与 在函数中使用值参数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当一个函数有一个值参数，它只能接受一个值参数。当一个方法有一个值接收器，它可以接受值接收器和指针接收器。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson Lesson) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Lesson{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bPtr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lesson</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//PrintInfo(bPtr) // error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bPtr.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lesson Lesson) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson Lesson) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson.Name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Lesson{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lesson)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	lesson.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bPtr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">lesson</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//PrintInfo(bPtr) // error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bPtr.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在上面的程序中，使用值参数 <code>PrintInfo(lesson)</code> 来调用这个函数是合法的，使用值接收器来调用 <code>lesson.PrintInfo()</code> 也是合法的。</p><p>然后在程序中我们创建了一个指向 <code>Lesson</code> 的指针 <code>bPtr</code> ，通过使用指针接收器来调用 <code>bPtr.PrintInfo()</code> 是合法的，但使用值参数调用 <code>PrintInfo(bPtr)</code> 是非法的。</p><h3 id="在非结构体上的方法" tabindex="-1">在非结构体上的方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在非结构体上的方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在非结构体上的方法&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">myInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (a myInt) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b myInt) myInt {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x myInt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y myInt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(y))   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 57</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">myInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (a myInt) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b myInt) myInt {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x myInt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y myInt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(y))   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 57</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="接口" tabindex="-1">接口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口&quot;">​</a></h2><p>在 Go 语言中， <strong>接口</strong> 就是方法签名(Method Signature)的集合。在面向对象的领域里，接口定义一个对象的行为，接口只指定了对象应该做什么，至于如何实现这个行为，则由对象本身去确定。当一个类型实现了接口中的所有方法，我们称它实现了该接口。接口指定了一个类型应该具有的方法，并由该类型决定如何实现这些方法。</p><h3 id="定义" tabindex="-1">定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定义&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">interface_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interface_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">method</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="接口实现" tabindex="-1">接口实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口实现&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Study</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Student</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    student1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;张三&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        book: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    student1.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Study</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Student</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    student1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;张三&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        book: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    student1.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的程序定义了一个名为 <code>Study</code> 的接口，接口中有未实现的方法 <code>learn()</code> ，这里还定义了名为 <code>Student</code> 的结构体，其绑定了方法 <code>learn()</code> ，也就隐式实现了 <code>Study</code> 接口，实现的内容是打印语句。</p><h3 id="接口实现多态" tabindex="-1">接口实现多态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口实现多态" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口实现多态&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Study</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Student</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Worker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	by   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (w </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Worker) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,通过方式 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, w.name, w.book, w.by)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s1 Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s2 Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	student2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;李四&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		book: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> student2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s1.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	student3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;王五&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		book: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">student3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s1.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	worker1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Worker{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;老王&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		book: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		by:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;视频&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// s2 = worker1 // error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">worker1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s2.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Study</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Student</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Worker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	by   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (w </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Worker) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,通过方式 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, w.name, w.book, w.by)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s1 Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s2 Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	student2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;李四&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		book: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> student2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s1.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	student3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;王五&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		book: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">student3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s1.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	worker1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Worker{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;老王&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		book: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		by:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;视频&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// s2 = worker1 // error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">worker1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s2.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="接口的内部表示" tabindex="-1">接口的内部表示 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口的内部表示" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口的内部表示&quot;">​</a></h3><p>可以把接口的内部看做 <code>(type, value)</code>。<code>type</code> 是接口底层的具体类型(Concrete Type)，而 <code>value</code> 是具体类型的值。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Study</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Student</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	name, book </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShowInterface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s Study) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接口类型: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 接口值: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, s, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	student2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		name: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;李四&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		book: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> student2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowInterface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	s.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接口类型: main.Student</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接口值: {李四 《Go语言》}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//李四 在读 《Go语言》</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Study</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Student</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	name, book </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (s Student) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 在读 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s.name, s.book)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShowInterface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s Study) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;接口类型: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 接口值: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, s, s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s Study</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	student2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Student{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		name: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;李四&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		book: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> student2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowInterface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	s.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接口类型: main.Student</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接口值: {李四 《Go语言》}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//李四 在读 《Go语言》</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="空接口" tabindex="-1">空接口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空接口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空接口&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>空接口</strong> 是特殊形式的接口类型，没有定义任何方法的接口就称为空接口，可以说所有类型都至少实现了空接口，空接口表示为 <code>interface{}</code> 。例如，我们之前的写过的空接口参数函数，可以接受任何类型的参数：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;类型: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, 值: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;类型: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, 值: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>通过上面的例子不难发现接口都有两个属性，一个是值，而另一个是类型。对于空接口来说，这两个属性都为 <code>nil</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Type: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, Value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Type: &lt;nil&gt;, Value: &lt;nil&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Type: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, Value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Type: &lt;nil&gt;, Value: &lt;nil&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>除了上面讲到的使用空接口作为函数参数的用法，空接口还有以下两种用法。</p><p>直接使用 <code>interface{}</code> 作为类型声明一个实例，这个实例就能承载任何类型的值：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Let&#39;s go</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Let&#39;s go</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>我们也可以定义一个接收任何类型的 <code>array</code> 、 <code>slice</code> 、 <code>map</code> 、 <code>strcut</code> 。例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>空接口可以承载任何值，但是空接口类型的对象是不能赋值给另一个固定类型对象的。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> num</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> num</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当空接口承载数组和切片后，该对象无法再进行切片。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// error</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="类型断言" tabindex="-1">类型断言 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型断言" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类型断言&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类型断言用于提取接口的底层值(Underlying Value)。使用 <code>interface.(Type)</code> 可以获取接口的底层值，其中接口 <code>interface</code> 的具体类型是 <code>Type</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">assert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    value, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i.(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value, ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">assert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">assert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">assert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    value, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i.(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value, ok)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">assert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">assert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>第一次调用 <code>assert(x)</code> 输出 <code>3 true</code>，表示将整数 3 转换为 <code>int</code> 类型成功。</p><p>第二次调用 <code>assert(y)</code> 输出 <code>0 false</code>，表示将字符串 &quot;Go语言&quot; 转换为 <code>int</code> 类型失败，因为该字符串无法转换为整数。</p><h3 id="类型选择" tabindex="-1">类型选择 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类型选择" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类型选择&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i.(type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Type: int, Value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i.(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Type: string, Value: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i.(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unknown type</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i.(type) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Type: int, Value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i.(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Type: string, Value: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i.(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unknown type</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">getTypeValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="实现多个接口" tabindex="-1">实现多个接口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现多个接口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现多个接口&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类型或者结构体可以实现多个接口</p><h3 id="接口的嵌套" tabindex="-1">接口的嵌套 <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口的嵌套" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口的嵌套&quot;">​</a></h3><p>虽然在 Go 中没有继承机制，但可以通过接口的嵌套实现类似功能。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个简单的读取器接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Reader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Read</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个简单的写入器接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Writer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Write</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个复合接口，嵌套了Reader和Writer接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ReadWriter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Reader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Writer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现Reader接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyReader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (r MyReader) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Read</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Data read from MyReader&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现Writer接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyWriter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (w MyWriter) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Write</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Writing data:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现ReadWriter接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyReadWriter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    MyReader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    MyWriter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用ReadWriter接口作为参数进行函数调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ProcessData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rw ReadWriter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rw.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Read</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    rw.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Write</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; modified&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建MyReadWriter实例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    myRW </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyReadWriter{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用ProcessData函数，传入myRW作为参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ProcessData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(myRW)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个简单的读取器接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Reader</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Read</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个简单的写入器接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Writer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Write</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个复合接口，嵌套了Reader和Writer接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ReadWriter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Reader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Writer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现Reader接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyReader</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (r MyReader) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Read</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Data read from MyReader&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现Writer接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyWriter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (w MyWriter) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Write</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Writing data:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实现ReadWriter接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyReadWriter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    MyReader</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    MyWriter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用ReadWriter接口作为参数进行函数调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ProcessData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rw ReadWriter) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rw.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Read</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    rw.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Write</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; modified&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建MyReadWriter实例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    myRW </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyReadWriter{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 调用ProcessData函数，传入myRW作为参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ProcessData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(myRW)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>定义了三个接口：<code>Reader</code>、<code>Writer</code>和<code>ReadWriter</code>。然后，我们实现了这些接口的具体类型：<code>MyReader</code>、<code>MyWriter</code>和<code>MyReadWriter</code>。</p><p><code>MyReadWriter</code>结构体通过嵌套<code>MyReader</code>和<code>MyWriter</code>，同时实现了<code>Reader</code>和<code>Writer</code>接口。这样，<code>MyReadWriter</code>可以以<code>ReadWriter</code>类型的方式使用。</p><p>在<code>main</code>函数中，我们创建了一个<code>MyReadWriter</code>实例<code>myRW</code>，然后将其作为参数传递给<code>ProcessData</code>函数。<code>ProcessData</code>函数接收一个<code>ReadWriter</code>类型的参数，并调用其中的方法。</p><p>通过接口嵌套，我们可以更灵活地组织和复用代码</p><h2 id="包" tabindex="-1">包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>包(package)</strong> 用于组织 Go 源代码，提供了更好的可重用性与可读性.可以用 <code>go list std</code>命令查看标准包,标准库为大多数的程序提供了必要的基础组件。</p><h3 id="创建包" tabindex="-1">创建包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建包&quot;">​</a></h3><p>先创建一个 <code>book</code> 文件夹，位于该目录下创建一个 <code>book.go</code> 源文件，里面实现自定义的数学加法函数。函数名的首字母要大写。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Package book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">book</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ShowBookInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authorName, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Package book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">book</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ShowBookInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bookName, authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;图书名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;作者名称为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,作者:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authorName, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="导入包" tabindex="-1">导入包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导入包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导入包&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用包之前我们需要导入包，在 GoLand 中会帮你自动导入所需要的包。导入包的语法为 <code>import path</code> ，其中 <code>path</code> 可以是相对于工作区文件夹的相对路径，也可以是绝对路径。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">learn/book</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bookName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	bookInfo, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ShowBookInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bookName, author)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bookInfo = &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, bookInfo)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">learn/book</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bookName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;《Go语言》&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Golang&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	bookInfo, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ShowBookInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bookName, author)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bookInfo = &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, bookInfo)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="使用别名" tabindex="-1">使用别名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用别名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用别名&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">crypto/rand</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mrand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">math/rand</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将名称替换为 mrand 避免冲突</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">crypto/rand</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mrand</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">math/rand</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 将名称替换为 mrand 避免冲突</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="使用点操作" tabindex="-1">使用点操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用点操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用点操作&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hello, world&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hello, world&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>对于一些使用高频的包，例如 <code>fmt</code> 包，每次调用打印函数时都要使用 <code>fmt.Println()</code> 进行调用，很不方便。可以在导入包的时，使用 <code>import . package_path</code> 语法。打印就不用加 <code>fmt</code> 了。</p><h3 id="包的初始化" tabindex="-1">包的初始化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包的初始化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包的初始化&quot;">​</a></h3><p>每个包都允许有一个或多个 <code>init</code> 函数， <code>init</code> 函数不应该有任何返回值类型和参数，在代码中也不能显式调用它，当这个包被导入时，就会执行这个包的 <code>init</code> 函数，做初始化任务， <code>init</code> 函数优先于 <code>main</code> 函数执行。该函数形式如下：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>包的初始化顺序：首先初始化 <strong>包级别(Package Level)</strong> 的变量，紧接着调用 <code>init</code> 函数。包可以有多个 <code>init</code> 函数(在一个文件或分布于多个文件中)，它们按照编译器解析它们的顺序进行调用。如果一个包导入了另一个包，会先初始化被导入的包。尽管一个包可能会被导入多次，但是它只会被初始化一次。</p><h3 id="包的匿名导入" tabindex="-1">包的匿名导入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包的匿名导入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包的匿名导入&quot;">​</a></h3><p>导入一个没有使用的包编译会报错。但有时候我们只是想执行包里的 <code>init</code> 函数来执行一些初始化任务，可以使用匿名导入的方法，使用 <strong>空白标识符(Blank Identifier)</strong> ：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="协程" tabindex="-1">协程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#协程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协程&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>Go 语言的 协程(Groutine)</strong> 是与其他函数或方法一起并发运行的工作方式。协程可以看作是轻量级线程。与线程相比，创建一个协程的成本很小。因此在 Go 应用中，常常会看到会有很多协程并发地运行。</p><h3 id="启动一个-go-协程" tabindex="-1">启动一个 go 协程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动一个-go-协程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动一个 go 协程&quot;">​</a></h3><p>调用函数或者方法时，如果在前面加上关键字 <code>go</code> ，就可以让一个新的 Go 协程并发地运行。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">functionName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameterList) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 执行一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">functionName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameterList)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程执行这个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">functionName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameterList)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">functionName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameterList) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 执行一个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">functionName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameterList)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程执行这个函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">functionName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameterList)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程执行 PrintInfo 函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使主协程休眠 1 秒</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印 main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程执行 PrintInfo 函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使主协程休眠 1 秒</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印 main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>PrintInfo()</code> 函数与 <code>main()</code> 函数会并发执行，主函数运行在一个特殊的协程上，这个协程称之为 <strong>主协程(Main Goroutine)</strong> 。</p><p>启动一个新的协程时，协程的调用会立即返回。与函数不同，程序控制不会去等待 Go 协程执行完毕。在调用 Go 协程之后，程序控制会立即返回到代码的下一行，忽略该协程的任何返回值。如果 Go 主协程终止，则程序终止，于是其他 Go 协程也会终止。为了让新的协程能继续运行，在 <code>main()</code> 函数添加了 <code>time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)</code> 使主协程休眠 1 秒</p><h3 id="启动多个-go-协程" tabindex="-1">启动多个 Go 协程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动多个-go-协程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动多个 Go 协程&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 避免观察不到并发效果 加个休眠</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 1 号协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 2 号协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使主协程休眠 1 秒</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 避免观察不到并发效果 加个休眠</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 1 号协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 2 号协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintNum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使主协程休眠 1 秒</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="通道" tabindex="-1">通道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通道&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>通道(channel)</strong> ，就是一个管道，可以想像成 Go 协程之间通信的管道。它是一种队列式的数据结构，遵循先入先出的规则。</p><h3 id="通道的声明" tabindex="-1">通道的声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通道的声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通道的声明&quot;">​</a></h3><p>每个通道都只能传递一种数据类型的数据，在你声明的时候，我们要指定通道的类型。<code>chan Type</code> 表示 <code>Type</code> 类型的通道。通道的零值为 <code>nil</code> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> channel_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> channel_types</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> channel_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> channel_types</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="通道的初始化" tabindex="-1">通道的初始化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通道的初始化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通道的初始化&quot;">​</a></h3><p>声明完通道后，通道的值为 <code>nil</code> ，我们不能直接使用，必须先使用 <code>make</code> 函数对通道进行初始化操作。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> channel_type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> channel_type)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这样，我们就已经定义好了一个 <code>string</code> 类型的通道 <code>nameChan</code> 。当然，也可以使用简短声明语句一次性定义一个通道：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="使用通道发送和接收数据" tabindex="-1">使用通道发送和接收数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用通道发送和接收数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用通道发送和接收数据&quot;">​</a></h3><p>发送数据：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 把 data 数据发送到 channel_name 通道中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 即把 data 数据写入到 channel_name 通道中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">channel_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 把 data 数据发送到 channel_name 通道中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 即把 data 数据写入到 channel_name 通道中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">channel_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span></span></code></pre></div><p>接收数据：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 从 channel_name 通道中接收数据到 value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 即从 channel_name 通道中读取数据到 value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> channel_name</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 从 channel_name 通道中接收数据到 value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 即从 channel_name 通道中读取数据到 value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> channel_name</span></span></code></pre></div><p>通道旁的箭头方向指定了是发送数据还是接收数据。箭头指向通道，代表数据写入到通道中；箭头往通道指向外，代表从通道读数据出去。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PrintChan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道传入数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;学习Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印 &quot;学习课程:&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;学习课程:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PrintChan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 从通道接收数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rec </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印从通道接收到的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rec)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PrintChan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道传入数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;学习Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印 &quot;学习课程:&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;学习课程:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PrintChan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 从通道接收数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rec </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印从通道接收到的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rec)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Tips</strong>: <strong>发送与接收默认是阻塞的</strong></p><ul><li>从上面的例子我们知道，如果从通道接收数据没接收完主协程是不会继续执行下去的。当把数据发送到通道时，会在发送数据的语句处发生阻塞，直到有其它协程从通道读取到数据，才会解除阻塞。与此类似，当读取通道的数据时，如果没有其它的协程把数据写入到这个通道，那么读取过程就会一直阻塞着。</li></ul><h3 id="通道的关闭" tabindex="-1">通道的关闭 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通道的关闭" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通道的关闭&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(channel_name)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(channel_name)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里要注意，对于一个已经关闭的通道如果再次关闭会导致报错，我们可以在接收数据时，判断通道是否已经关闭，从通道读取数据返回的第二个值表示通道是否没被关闭，如果已经关闭，返回值为 <code>false</code> ；如果还未关闭，返回值为 <code>true</code> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> channel_name</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">value, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> channel_name</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="通道的容量与长度" tabindex="-1">通道的容量与长度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通道的容量与长度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通道的容量与长度&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>make</code> 函数是可以接收两个参数的，同理，创建通道可以传入第二个参数——容量。</p><ul><li>当容量为 <code>0</code> 时，说明通道中不能存放数据，在发送数据时，必须要求立马有人接收，否则会报错。此时的通道称之为无缓冲通道。</li><li>当容量为 <code>1</code> 时，说明通道只能缓存一个数据，若通道中已有一个数据，此时再往里发送数据，会造成程序阻塞。利用这点可以利用通道来做锁。</li><li>当容量大于 <code>1</code> 时，通道中可以存放多个数据，可以用于多个协程之间的通信管道，共享资源。</li></ul><p>既然通道有容量和长度，那么我们可以通过 <code>cap</code> 函数和 <code>len</code> 函数获取通道的容量和长度。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;初始化后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;传入两个数后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;取出一个数后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;初始化后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;传入两个数后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;取出一个数后：&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cap =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;len =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="缓冲通道与无缓冲通道" tabindex="-1">缓冲通道与无缓冲通道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#缓冲通道与无缓冲通道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;缓冲通道与无缓冲通道&quot;">​</a></h3><p>按照是否可缓冲数据可分为：<strong>缓冲通道</strong> 与 <strong>无缓冲通道</strong> 。</p><p>无缓冲通道在通道里无法存储数据，接收端必须先于发送端准备好，以确保你发送完数据后，有人立马接收数据，否则发送端就会造成阻塞，原因很简单，通道中无法存储数据。也就是说发送端和接收端是同步运行的。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>缓冲通道允许通道里存储一个或多个数据，设置缓冲区后，发送端和接收端可以处于异步的状态。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="双向通道" tabindex="-1">双向通道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#双向通道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;双向通道&quot;">​</a></h3><p>到目前为止，上面定义的都是双向通道，既可以发送数据也可以接收数据。例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 发送数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;send: 1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 接收数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;receive:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 主协程休眠</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 发送数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;send: 1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 接收数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;receive:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 主协程休眠</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="单向通道" tabindex="-1">单向通道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#单向通道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;单向通道&quot;">​</a></h3><p>单向通道只能发送或者接收数据。所以可以具体细分为只读通道和只写通道。</p><p><code>&lt;-chan</code> 表示只读通道：</p><p><code>chan&lt;-</code> 表示只写通道：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Sender 只写通道类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Sender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Receiver 只读通道类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Receiver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个双向通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只能写通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sender Sender </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;即将学习:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		sender </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只能读通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> receiver Receiver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">receiver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;开始学习: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Sender 只写通道类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Sender</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Receiver 只读通道类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Receiver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个双向通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只能写通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sender Sender </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;即将学习:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		sender </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只能读通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> receiver Receiver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">receiver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;开始学习: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="遍历通道" tabindex="-1">遍历通道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#遍历通道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;遍历通道&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用 <code>for range</code> 循环可以遍历通道，但在遍历时要确保通道是处于关闭状态，否则循环会被阻塞。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">loopPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 记得要关闭通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 否则主协程遍历完不会结束，而会阻塞</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">loopPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch2 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">loopPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 记得要关闭通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 否则主协程遍历完不会结束，而会阻塞</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建一个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">loopPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch2 {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="用通道做锁" tabindex="-1">用通道做锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#用通道做锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;用通道做锁&quot;">​</a></h3><p>上面讲过，当通道容量为 <code>1</code> 时，说明通道只能缓存一个数据，若通道中已有一个数据，此时再往里发送数据，会造成程序阻塞。例如：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 由于 x = x+1 不是原子操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 所以应避免多个协程对 x 进行操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用容量为 1 的通道可以达到锁的效果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">increment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">increment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch3, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 由于 x = x+1 不是原子操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 所以应避免多个协程对 x 进行操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用容量为 1 的通道可以达到锁的效果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">increment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">increment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch3, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="死锁" tabindex="-1">死锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#死锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;死锁&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当协程给一个通道发送数据时，照理说会有其他 Go 协程来接收数据。如果没有的话，程序就会在运行时触发 <code>panic</code> ，形成死锁。同理，当有协程等着从一个通道接收数据时，我们期望其他的 Go 协程会向该通道写入数据，要不然程序也会触发 <code>panic</code> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//使用 make 函数创建通道时默认不传递第二个参数，通道中不能存放数据，在发送数据时，必须要求立马有人接收，即该通道为无缓冲通道。所以在接收者没有准备好前，发送操作会被阻塞。</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//使用 make 函数创建通道时默认不传递第二个参数，通道中不能存放数据，在发送数据时，必须要求立马有人接收，即该通道为无缓冲通道。所以在接收者没有准备好前，发送操作会被阻塞。</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">funcRecieve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">funcRecieve</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch6)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">funcRecieve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">funcRecieve</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch4)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Millisecond)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch6 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch6)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="waitgroup" tabindex="-1">WaitGroup <a class="header-anchor" href="#waitgroup" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;WaitGroup&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在实际开发中我们并不能保证每个协程执行的时间，如果需要等待多个协程，全部结束任务后，再执行某个业务逻辑。下面我们介绍处理这种情况的方式。</p><p><code>WaitGroup</code> 有几个方法：</p><ul><li><code>Add</code>：初始值为 <code>0</code> ，这里直接传入子协程的数量，你传入的值会往计数器上加。</li><li><code>Done</code>：当某个子协程完成后，可调用此方法，会从计数器上减一，即子协程的数量减一，通常使用 <code>defer</code> 来调用。</li><li><code>Wait</code>：阻塞当前协程，直到实例里的计数器归零。</li></ul><h4 id="使用信道" tabindex="-1">使用信道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用信道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用信道&quot;">​</a></h4><p>信道可以实现多个协程间的通信，于是乎我们可以定义一个信道，在任务执行完成后，往信道中写入 <code>true</code> ，然后在主协程中获取到 <code>true</code> ，就可以认为子协程已经执行完毕。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	isDone </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		isDone </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isDone</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	isDone </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		isDone </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isDone</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行上面的程序，主协程就会等待创建的协程执行完毕后退出。</p><h4 id="使用-waitgroup" tabindex="-1">使用 WaitGroup <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用-waitgroup" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用 WaitGroup&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用上面的信道方法，虽然可行，但在你程序中使用很多协程的话，你的代码就会看起来很复杂，这里就要介绍一种更好的方法，那就是使用 <code>sync</code> 包中提供的 <strong>WaitGroup</strong> 类型。<code>WaitGroup</code> 用于等待一批 Go 协程执行结束。程序控制会一直阻塞，直到这些协程全部执行完毕。当然 <code>WaitGroup</code> 也可以用于实现工作池。</p><p><code>WaitGroup</code> 实例化后就能使用：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name sync.WaitGroup</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name sync.WaitGroup</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sync</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">task</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(taskNum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, wg </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sync.WaitGroup) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 延迟调用 执行完子协程计数器减一</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Done</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 输出任务号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;task </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, taskNum, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实例化 sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> waitGroup sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 传入子协程的数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	waitGroup.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 1 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 2 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 3 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实例 waitGroup 阻塞当前协程 等待所有子协程执行完</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	waitGroup.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Wait</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sync</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">task</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(taskNum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, wg </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">sync.WaitGroup) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 延迟调用 执行完子协程计数器减一</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Done</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 输出任务号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;task </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, taskNum, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实例化 sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> waitGroup sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 传入子协程的数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	waitGroup.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 1 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 2 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启一个子协程 协程 3 以及 实例 waitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">waitGroup)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 实例 waitGroup 阻塞当前协程 等待所有子协程执行完</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	waitGroup.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Wait</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="select" tabindex="-1">Select <a class="header-anchor" href="#select" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Select&quot;">​</a></h2><p><strong>select</strong> 语句用在多个发送/接收通道操作中进行选择。</p><ul><li><code>select</code> 语句会一直阻塞，直到发送/接收操作准备就绪。</li><li>如果有多个通道操作准备完毕， <code>select</code> 会随机地选取其中之一执行。</li></ul><p><code>select</code> 语法如下：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expression1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expression2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expression1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expression2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        code</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建3个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 1 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 2 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 3 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 默认输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;No data received.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建3个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 1 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 2 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 往通道 3 发送数据 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 默认输出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;No data received.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在执行 <code>select</code> 语句时，如果有机会的话会运行所有表达式，只要其中一个通道接收到数据，那么就会执行对应的 <code>case</code> 代码，然后退出。</p><h3 id="select-的应用" tabindex="-1">select 的应用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#select-的应用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;select 的应用&quot;">​</a></h3><p>每个任务执行的时间不同，使用 <code>select</code> 语句等待相应的通道发出响应。<code>select</code> 会选择首先响应先完成的 task，而忽略其它的响应。使用这种方法，我们可以做多个 task，并给用户返回最快的 task 结果。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">task1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">task2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">task3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建三个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ch3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">task3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">task1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">task2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">task3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.Second)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建三个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ch3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">task3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的程序会发现，没有 <code>default</code> 分支，因为如果加了该默认分支，如果还没从通道接收到数据， <code>select</code> 语句就会直接执行 <code>default</code> 分支然后退出，而不是被阻塞。</p><h3 id="造成死锁" tabindex="-1">造成死锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#造成死锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;造成死锁&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如果没有 <code>default</code> 分支， <code>select</code> 就会阻塞，如果一直没有命中其中的某个 <code>case</code> 最后会造成死锁。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建两个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建两个通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 1 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch1 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 2 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch2 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果从通道 3 收到数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ch3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch3 received:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, message3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行上面的程序会造成死锁。解决该问题的方法是写好 <code>default</code> 分支。</p><p>还有另一种情况会导致死锁的发生，那就是使用空 <code>select</code> ：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行上面的程序会抛出 <code>panic</code> 。</p><p><strong>Tips：</strong></p><ul><li><code>switch-case</code> 里面的 <code>case</code> 是顺序执行的，但在 <code>select</code> 里并不是顺序执行的。在上面的第一个例子就可以看出，当 <code>select</code> 由多个 <code>case</code> 准备就绪时，将会随机地选取其中之一去执行。</li></ul><h3 id="select超时处理" tabindex="-1">select超时处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#select超时处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;select超时处理&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当 <code>case</code> 里的通道始终没有接收到数据时，而且也没有 <code>default</code> 语句时， <code>select</code> 整体就会阻塞，但是有时我们并不希望 <code>select</code> 一直阻塞下去，这时候就可以手动设置一个超时时间。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">makeTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.Second </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Duration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(t))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    c2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    c3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    timeout </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">makeTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(timeout, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> msg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, msg1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> msg2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c2 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, msg2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> msg3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c3 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, msg3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">timeout:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Timeout, exit.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">makeTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.Second </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Duration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(t))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    c2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    c3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    timeout </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">makeTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(timeout, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> msg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, msg1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> msg2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c2 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, msg2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> msg3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c3:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c3 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, msg3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">timeout:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Timeout, exit.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="读取-写入数据" tabindex="-1">读取/写入数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#读取-写入数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;读取/写入数据&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>select</code> 里的 <code>case</code> 表达式只能对通道进行操作，不管你是往通道写入数据，还是从通道读出数据。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;channel blocking&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//c1 received:  Go语言1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//c1 received:  Go语言2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    c1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言1&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c1 received: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;channel blocking&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//c1 received:  Go语言1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//c1 received:  Go语言2</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="线程同步" tabindex="-1">线程同步 <a class="header-anchor" href="#线程同步" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;线程同步&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Go 语言中，经常会遇到并发的问题，当然我们会优先考虑使用通道，同时 Go 语言也给出了传统的解决方式 <strong>Mutex(互斥锁)</strong> 和 <strong>RWMutex(读写锁)</strong> 来处理竞争条件。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Bank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(amount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Bank</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(amount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="临界区" tabindex="-1">临界区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#临界区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;临界区&quot;">​</a></h3><p>当程序并发地运行时，多个 Go 协程不应该同时访问那些修改共享资源的代码。这些修改共享资源的代码称为<strong>临界区</strong> 。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sync</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Bank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(amount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	b.balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Bank{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Done</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Wait</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//972000,962000,941000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sync</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Bank</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(amount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	b.balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Bank{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Done</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Wait</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//972000,962000,941000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>举一个简单的例子，当前变量的值增加 <code>b.balance += amount</code></p><p>当然，对于只有一个协程的程序来说，上面的代码没有任何问题。但是，如果有多个协程并发运行时，就会发生错误，这种情况就称之为数据竞争(data race)。使用下面的互斥锁 <code>Mutex</code> 就能避免这种情况的发生。</p><h3 id="互斥锁-mutex" tabindex="-1">互斥锁 Mutex <a class="header-anchor" href="#互斥锁-mutex" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;互斥锁 Mutex&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>互斥锁(Mutex，mutual exclusion)</strong> 用于提供一种 <strong>加锁机制(Locking Mechanism)</strong> ，可确保在某时刻只有一个协程在临界区运行，以防止出现竞争。也是为了来保护一个资源不会因为并发操作而引起冲突导致数据不准确。</p><p><code>Mutex</code> 有两个方法，分别是 <code>Lock()</code> 和 <code>Unlock()</code> ，即对应的加锁和解锁。在 <code>Lock()</code> 和 <code>Unlock()</code> 之间的代码，都只能由一个协程执行，就能避免竞争条件。</p><p>如果有一个协程已经持有了<strong>锁(Lock)</strong>，当其他协程试图获得该锁时，这些协程会被阻塞，直到<code>Mutex</code>解除锁定。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sync</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BankV2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    m       sync.Mutex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV2) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(amount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.m.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Lock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.m.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Unlock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV2) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV2{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Done</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Wait</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1000000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sync</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BankV2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    m       sync.Mutex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV2) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(amount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.m.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Lock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.m.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Unlock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV2) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV2{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Done</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Wait</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//1000000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>要注意同一协程里不要在尚未解锁时再次加锁，也不要对已经解锁的锁再次解锁。</p><h3 id="读写锁-rwmutex" tabindex="-1">读写锁 RWMutex <a class="header-anchor" href="#读写锁-rwmutex" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;读写锁 RWMutex&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>sync.RWMutex</code> 类型实现读写互斥锁，适用于读多写少的场景，它规定了当有人还在读取数据（即读锁占用）时，不允许有人更新这个数据（即写锁会阻塞）；为了保证程序的效率，多个人（协程）读取数据（拥有读锁）时，互不影响不会造成阻塞，它不会像 <code>Mutex</code> 那样只允许有一个人（协程）读取同一个数据。读锁与读锁兼容，读锁与写锁互斥，写锁与写锁互斥。</p><ul><li>可以同时申请多个读锁；</li><li>有读锁时申请写锁将阻塞，有写锁时申请读锁将阻塞；</li><li>只要有写锁，后续申请读锁和写锁都将阻塞。</li></ul><p>定义一个 <code>RWMuteux</code> 读写锁：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rwMutex sync.RWMutex</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rwMutex sync.RWMutex</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>RWMutex</code> 里提供了两种锁，每种锁分别对应两个方法，为了避免死锁，两个方法应成对出现，必要时请使用 <code>defer</code> 。</p><ul><li>读锁：调用 <code>RLock</code> 方法开启锁，调用 <code>RUnlock</code> 释放锁；</li><li>写锁：调用 <code>Lock</code> 方法开启锁，调用 <code>Unlock</code> 释放锁。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sync</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">time</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BankV3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    rwMutex sync.RWMutex </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read write lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV3) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(amount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Lock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// write lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Unlock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// wirte unlock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV3) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() (balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    balance </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RUnlock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read unlock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">BankV3{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Done</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Wait</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Balance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sync</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">time</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BankV3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    rwMutex sync.RWMutex </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read write lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV3) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(amount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Lock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// write lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amount</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Unlock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// wirte unlock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV3) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() (balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    balance </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.balance</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b.rwMutex.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RUnlock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// read unlock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wg sync.WaitGroup</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">BankV3{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Deposit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Done</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    wg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Wait</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Balance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="条件变量-sync-cond" tabindex="-1">条件变量 sync.Cond <a class="header-anchor" href="#条件变量-sync-cond" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;条件变量 sync.Cond&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Cond 实现了一个条件变量，在 Locker 的基础上增加的一个消息通知的功能，保存了一个通知列表，用来唤醒一个或所有因等待条件变量而阻塞的 Go 程，以此来实现多个 Go 程间的同步。</p><h2 id="错误与异常" tabindex="-1">错误与异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#错误与异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;错误与异常&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="错误" tabindex="-1">错误 <a class="header-anchor" href="#错误" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;错误&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="内建错误" tabindex="-1">内建错误 <a class="header-anchor" href="#内建错误" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;内建错误&quot;">​</a></h4><p>在 Go 中， <strong>错误</strong> 使用内建的 <code>error</code> 类型表示。<code>error</code> 类型是一个接口类型，它的定义如下：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>error</code> 有了一个签名为 <code>Error() string</code> 的方法。所有实现该接口的类型都可以当作一个错误类型。<code>Error()</code> 方法给出了错误的描述。<code>fmt.Println</code> 在打印错误时，会在内部调用 <code>Error() string</code> 方法来得到该错误的描述。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">os</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 尝试打开文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    file, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/a.txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果打开文件时发生错误 返回一个不等于 nil 的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果打开文件成功 返回一个文件句柄 和 一个值为 nil 的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;opened successfully&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// open /a.txt: no such file or directory</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">os</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 尝试打开文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    file, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/a.txt&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果打开文件时发生错误 返回一个不等于 nil 的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果打开文件成功 返回一个文件句柄 和 一个值为 nil 的错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;opened successfully&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// open /a.txt: no such file or directory</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="自定义错误" tabindex="-1">自定义错误 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义错误" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义错误&quot;">​</a></h4><p>使用 <code>errors</code> 包中的 <code>New</code> 函数可以创建自定义错误。下面是 <code>errors</code> 包中 <code>New</code> 函数的实现代码：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">errors</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">errorString{text}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">errorString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">errorString) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">errors</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">errorString{text}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">errorString</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">errorString) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>errorString</code> 是一个结构体类型，只有一个字符串字段 <code>s</code> 。它使用了 <code>errorString</code> 指针接受者，来实现 <code>error</code> 接口的 <code>Error() string</code> 方法。<code>New</code> 函数有一个字符串参数，通过这个参数创建了 <code>errorString</code> 类型的变量，并返回了它的地址。于是它就创建并返回了一个新的错误。</p><p>下面是一个简单的自定义错误例子，该例子创建了一个计算矩形面积的函数，当矩形的长和宽两者有一个为负数时，就会返回一个错误：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">errors</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;计算错误, 长度或宽度，不能小于0.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, r)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">errors</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, errors.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;计算错误, 长度或宽度，不能小于0.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, r)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="给错误添加更多信息" tabindex="-1">给错误添加更多信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#给错误添加更多信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给错误添加更多信息&quot;">​</a></h4><p>上面的程序能报出我们自定义的错误，但是没有具体说明是哪个数据出了问题，所以下面就来改进一下这个程序，我们使用 <code>fmt</code> 包中的 <code>Errorf</code> 函数，规定错误格式，并返回一个符合该错误的字符串。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Errorf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;计算错误, 长度</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">或宽度</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">，不能小于0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Errorf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;计算错误, 长度</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">或宽度</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">，不能小于0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>给错误添加更多信息还可以 <strong>使用结构体类型和字段</strong> 实现。下面还是通过改进上面的程序来讲解这种方法的实现：</p><p>首先创建一个表示错误的结构体类型，一般错误类型名称都是以 <code>Error</code> 结尾，上面的错误是由于面积计算中长度或宽度错误导致的，所以这里把结构体命名为 <code>areaError</code> ：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">areaError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误有关的长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误有关的宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用指针接收者 *areaError 实现了 error 接口的 Error() string 方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印长度和宽度以及错误的描述</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Sprintf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;length </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, width </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, e.length, e.width, e.err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rectangleArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;length or width is negative&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a, b}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">rectangleArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查了错误是否为 nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 断言 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err.(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError); ok {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果错误是 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 用 err.length 和 err.width 来获取错误的长度和宽度 打印出自定义错误的消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;length </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> or width </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> is less than zero&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err.length, err.width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">areaError</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误有关的长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误有关的宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用指针接收者 *areaError 实现了 error 接口的 Error() string 方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印长度和宽度以及错误的描述</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Sprintf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;length </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, width </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, e.length, e.width, e.err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rectangleArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;length or width is negative&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a, b}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">rectangleArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查了错误是否为 nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 断言 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err.(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError); ok {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果错误是 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 用 err.length 和 err.width 来获取错误的长度和宽度 打印出自定义错误的消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;length </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> or width </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> is less than zero&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err.length, err.width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>还可以使用 <strong>结构体类型的方法</strong> 来给错误添加更多信息。下面我们继续完善上面的程序，让程序更加精确的定位是长度引发的错误还是宽度引发的错误。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">areaError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用指针接收者 *areaError 实现了 error 接口的 Error() string 方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.err</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 长度为负数返回 true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lengthNegative</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 宽度为负数返回 true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">widthNegative</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">bool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(length, width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;length is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; and width is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError{err, length, width}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> width, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    width </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">area</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(length, width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查了错误是否为 nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 断言 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err, ok </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err.(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">areaError); ok {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果错误是 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果长度为负数 打印错误长度具体值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">lengthNegative</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;error: 长度 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 小于0</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err.length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果宽度为负数 打印错误宽度具体值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">widthNegative</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;error: 宽度 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 小于0</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err.width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">areaError</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 错误信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 长度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用指针接收者 *areaError 实现了 error 接口的 Error() string 方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.err</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 长度为负数返回 true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lengthNegative</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 宽度为负数返回 true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError) </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">widthNegative</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">bool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(length, width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;length is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; and width is less than zero&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError{err, length, width}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> width, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    width </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    area, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">area</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(length, width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查了错误是否为 nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 断言 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err, ok </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err.(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">areaError); ok {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果错误是 *areaError 类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果长度为负数 打印错误长度具体值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">lengthNegative</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;error: 长度 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 小于0</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err.length)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果宽度为负数 打印错误宽度具体值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">widthNegative</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;error: 宽度 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 小于0</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err.width)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Area =&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, area)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="异常" tabindex="-1">异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异常&quot;">​</a></h3><p>错误和异常是两个不同的概念，非常容易混淆。错误指的是可能出现问题的地方出现了问题；而异常指的是不应该出现问题的地方出现了问题。</p><h3 id="panic" tabindex="-1">panic <a class="header-anchor" href="#panic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;panic&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在有些情况，当程序发生异常时，无法继续运行。在这种情况下，我们会使用 <code>panic</code> 来终止程序。当函数发生 <code>panic</code> 时，它会终止运行，在执行完所有的延迟函数后，程序返回到该函数的调用方。这样的过程会一直持续下去，直到当前协程的所有函数都返回退出，然后程序会打印出 <code>panic</code> 信息，接着打印出堆栈跟踪，最后程序终止。</p><p>我们应该尽可能地使用错误，而不是使用 <code>panic</code> 和 <code>recover</code> 。只有当程序不能继续运行的时候，才应该使用 <code>panic</code> 和 <code>recover</code> 机制。</p><p><code>panic</code> 有两个合理的用例：</p><ul><li>发生了一个不能恢复的错误，此时程序不能继续运行。一个例子就是 web 服务器无法绑定所要求的端口。在这种情况下，就应该使用 <code>panic</code> ，因为如果不能绑定端口，啥也做不了。</li><li>发生了一个编程上的错误。假如我们有一个接收指针参数的方法，而其他人使用 <code>nil</code> 作为参数调用了它。在这种情况下，我们可以使用 <code>panic</code> ，因为这是一个编程错误：用 <code>nil</code> 参数调用了一个只能接收合法指针的方法。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">panic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{})</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">panic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{})</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">panic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;panic error&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">panic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;panic error&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="发生-panic-时的-defer" tabindex="-1">发生 panic 时的 defer <a class="header-anchor" href="#发生-panic-时的-defer" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;发生 panic 时的 defer&quot;">​</a></h4><p>上面已经提到了，当函数发生 <code>panic</code> 时，它会终止运行，在执行完所有的延迟函数后，程序返回到该函数的调用方。这样的过程会一直持续下去，直到当前协程的所有函数都返回退出，然后程序会打印出 <code>panic</code> 信息，接着打印出堆栈跟踪，最后程序终止。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">myTest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;defer myTest&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">panic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;panic myTest&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;defer main&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">myTest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// defer myTest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// defer main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// panic: panic myTest</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">myTest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;defer myTest&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">panic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;panic myTest&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;defer main&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">myTest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// defer myTest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// defer main</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// panic: panic myTest</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="recover" tabindex="-1">recover <a class="header-anchor" href="#recover" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;recover&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>recover</code> 是一个内建函数，用于重新获得 <code>panic</code> 协程的控制。下面是内建函数 <code>recover</code> 的签名：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">recover</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">recover</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>recover</code> 必须在 <code>defer</code> 函数中才能生效，在其他作用域下，它是不工作的。在延迟函数内调用 <code>recover</code> ，可以取到 <code>panic</code> 的错误信息，并且停止 <code>panic</code> 续发事件，程序运行恢复正常。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outOfArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">defer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// recover() 可以将捕获到的 panic 信息打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">recover</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(); err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> array [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    array[x] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 故意制造数组越界 触发 panic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">outOfArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果能执行到这句 说明 panic 被捕获了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 后续的程序能继续运行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// runtime error: index out of range [20] with length 5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main...</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outOfArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">defer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// recover() 可以将捕获到的 panic 信息打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">recover</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(); err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> array [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    array[x] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 故意制造数组越界 触发 panic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">outOfArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果能执行到这句 说明 panic 被捕获了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 后续的程序能继续运行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// runtime error: index out of range [20] with length 5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main...</span></span></code></pre></div><p>虽然该程序触发了 <code>panic</code> ，但由于我们使用了 <code>recover()</code> 捕获了 <code>panic</code> 异常，并输出 <code>panic</code> 信息，即使 <code>panic</code> 会导致整个程序退出，但在退出前，有 <code>defer</code> 延迟函数，还是得执行完 <code>defer</code> 。然后程序还会继续执行下去</p><p>只有在相同的协程中调用 <code>recover</code> 才管用， <code>recover</code> 不能恢复一个不同协程的 <code>panic</code>。</p><h2 id="make-和-new" tabindex="-1">make 和 new <a class="header-anchor" href="#make-和-new" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;make 和 new&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="new函数" tabindex="-1">new函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#new函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;new函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>内置函数 <code>new</code> 分配内存。该函数只接受一个参数，该参数是一个任意类型(包括自定义类型)，而不是值，返回指向该类型新分配零值的指针。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// The new built-in function allocates memory. The first argument is a type,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// not a value, and the value returned is a pointer to a newly</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// allocated zero value of that type.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Type) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Type</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// The new built-in function allocates memory. The first argument is a type,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// not a value, and the value returned is a pointer to a newly</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// allocated zero value of that type.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Type) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Type</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用 <code>new</code> 函数首先会分配内存，并设置类型零值，最后返回指向该类型新分配零值的指针。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印出类型的值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">num)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 打印出类型的值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">num)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="make函数" tabindex="-1">make函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#make函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;make函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>内置函数 <code>make</code> 只能分配和初始化类型为 <code>slice</code> 、 <code>map</code> 或 <code>chan</code> 的对象。与 <code>new</code> 一样，第一个参数是类型，而不是值。与 <code>new</code> 不同， <code>make</code> 的返回类型与其参数的类型相同，而不是指向它的指针。结果取决于类型：</p><ul><li><code>slice</code>：size 指定长度。切片的容量等于其长度。可提供第三个参数以指定不同的容量；它不能小于长度。</li><li><code>map</code>：为空映射分配足够的空间来容纳指定数量的元素。可以省略大小，在这种情况下，分配一个小的起始大小。</li><li><code>chan</code>：使用指定的缓冲区容量初始化通道的缓冲区。如果为零，或者忽略了大小，则通道是无缓冲的。</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(t Type, size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">IntegerType) Type</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(t Type, size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">IntegerType) Type</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用make函数必须初始化</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// slice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">([]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// chan</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">chan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// slice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">([]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// chan</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">chan</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="new-和-make-的区别" tabindex="-1">new 和 make 的区别 <a class="header-anchor" href="#new-和-make-的区别" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;new 和 make 的区别&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>new</code>：为所有的类型分配内存，并初始化为零值，返回指针。</p><p><code>make</code>：只能为 <code>slice</code> 、 <code>map</code> 、 <code>chan</code> 分配内存，并初始化，返回的是类型。</p><h2 id="反射" tabindex="-1">反射 <a class="header-anchor" href="#反射" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;反射&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="reflect-包" tabindex="-1">reflect 包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#reflect-包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;reflect 包&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Go 语言提供了一种机制，能够在运行时更新变量和检查它们的值、调用它们的方法，而不需要在编译时就知道这些变量的具体类型。这种机制被称为 <strong>反射</strong> 。</p><p>在 Go 中 <code>reflect</code> 包实现了运行时反射。<code>reflect</code> 包会帮助识别 <code>interface{}</code> 变量的底层具体类型和具体值。</p><h4 id="reflect-type" tabindex="-1">reflect.Type <a class="header-anchor" href="#reflect-type" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;reflect.Type&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>reflect.Type</code> 表示 <code>interface{}</code> 的具体类型。<code>reflect.TypeOf()</code> 方法返回 <code>reflect.Type</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="reflect-value" tabindex="-1">reflect.Value <a class="header-anchor" href="#reflect-value" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;reflect.Value&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>reflect.Value</code> 表示 <code>interface{}</code> 的具体值。<code>reflect.ValueOf()</code> 方法返回 <code>reflect.Value</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    typeX </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    valueX </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(typeX)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(valueX)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    typeX </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    valueX </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(typeX)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(valueX)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="relfect-kind" tabindex="-1">relfect.Kind <a class="header-anchor" href="#relfect-kind" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;relfect.Kind&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>relfect.Kind</code> 表示的是种类。在使用反射时，需要理解类型（Type）和种类（Kind）的区别。编程中，使用最多的是类型，但在反射中，当需要区分一个大品种的类型时，就会用到种类（Kind）。</p><p>Go 语言程序中的类型（Type）指的是系统原生数据类型，如 <code>int</code> 、 <code>string</code> 、 <code>bool</code> 、 <code>float32</code> 等类型，以及使用 <code>type</code> 关键字定义的类型，这些类型的名称就是其类型本身的名称。例如使用 <code>type A struct{}</code> 定义结构体时，<code>A</code> 就是 <code>struct{}</code> 的类型。</p><p>种类（Kind）指的是对象归属的品种，在 <code>reflect</code> 包中有如下定义：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// A Kind represents the specific kind of type that a Type represents.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// The zero Kind is not a valid kind.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Kind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">uint</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">const</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Invalid Kind </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iota</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Bool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Int8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Int16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Int32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Int64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uint</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uint8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uint16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uint32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uint64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Uintptr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Float32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Float64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Complex64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Complex128</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Array</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Chan</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Func</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Ptr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Slice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    UnsafePointer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// A Kind represents the specific kind of type that a Type represents.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// The zero Kind is not a valid kind.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Kind</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">uint</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">const</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Invalid Kind </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iota</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Bool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Int8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Int16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Int32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Int64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uint</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uint8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uint16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uint32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uint64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Uintptr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Float32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Float64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Complex64</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Complex128</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Array</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Chan</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Func</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Map</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Ptr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Slice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    UnsafePointer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    typeX </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(typeX.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Kind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(typeX)        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    typeX </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(typeX.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Kind</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(typeX)        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">book</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="relfect-numfield" tabindex="-1">relfect.NumField() <a class="header-anchor" href="#relfect-numfield" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;relfect.NumField()&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>relfect.NumField()</code> 方法返回结构体中字段的数量。</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查 x 的类别是 struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Kind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.Struct {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Number of fields&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    spend  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查 x 的类别是 struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Kind</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.Struct {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Number of fields&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">book</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    spend  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b book</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="relfect-field" tabindex="-1">relfect.Field() <a class="header-anchor" href="#relfect-field" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;relfect.Field()&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>relfect.Field(i int)</code> 方法返回字段 <code>i</code> 的 <code>reflect.Value</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查 x 的类别是 struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Kind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.Struct {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Number of fields&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(); i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Field:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> type:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> value:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Field</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i), v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Field</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">book</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">struct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    spend  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> book{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Number of fields 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Field:0 type:reflect.Value value:Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Field:1 type:reflect.Value value:8</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查 x 的类别是 struct</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Kind</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.Struct {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Number of fields&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(); i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Field:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> type:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> value:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Field</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i), v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Field</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">book</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">struct</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    spend  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> book{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Go语言&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">reflectNumField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Number of fields 2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Field:0 type:reflect.Value value:Go语言</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Field:1 type:reflect.Value value:8</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="反射的三大定律" tabindex="-1">反射的三大定律 <a class="header-anchor" href="#反射的三大定律" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;反射的三大定律&quot;">​</a></h3><p>一个接口变量，实际上都是由一 <code>pair</code> 对（type 和 data）组合而成，pair 对中记录着实际变量的值和类型。也就是说在真实世界（反射前环境）里，type 和 value 是合并在一起组成接口变量的。</p><p>而在反射的世界（反射后的环境）里，type 和 data 却是分开的，他们分别由 <code>reflect.Type</code> 和 <code>reflect.Value</code> 来表现。</p><p>Go语言反射三定律：</p><ol><li>Reflection goes from interface value to reflection object.</li><li>Reflection goes from reflection object to interface value.</li><li>To modify a reflection object, the value must be settable.</li></ol><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接口变量的类型为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> ，值为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, a, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 反射第一定律</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;从接口变量到反射对象：Type对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;从接口变量到反射对象：Value对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 反射第二定律</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;从反射对象到接口变量：对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">，值为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用类型断言进行转换</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x 类型为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%T</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">，值为 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, x, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;接口变量的类型为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> ，值为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, a, a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TypeOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 反射第一定律</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;从接口变量到反射对象：Type对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, t)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;从接口变量到反射对象：Value对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 反射第二定律</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;从反射对象到接口变量：对象类型为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">，值为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, i, i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 使用类型断言进行转换</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x 类型为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%T</span><span style="color:#032F62;">，值为 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%v\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, x, x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflect</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Elem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    v.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SetFloat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">a)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflect</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float64</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reflect.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ValueOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">a).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Elem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;是否可写:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CanSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    v.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SetFloat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/golang/base/golang基础语法.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/golang/base/GoTemplate.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>GoTemplate</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/golang/web/Gin.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Gin</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cli</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/golang/tools/redis-cleaner.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>redis-cleaner</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _golang_cli_Cobra" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="cobra" tabindex="-1">Cobra <a class="header-anchor" href="#cobra" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Cobra&quot;">​</a></h1><p>Cobra是一个能够快速构建cli工具的库，相比于之前用过的Python的argparser模块，Cobra更加强大、灵活，还有自动生成文档等功能。</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/main/site/content/user_guide.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/main/site/content/user_guide.md</a></p></blockquote><h3 id="安装cobra依赖" tabindex="-1">安装cobra依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装cobra依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装cobra依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>go get -u github.com/spf13/cobra@latest</code></p><h3 id="安装cobra-cli工具" tabindex="-1">安装cobra-cli工具 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装cobra-cli工具" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装cobra-cli工具&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>go install github.com/spf13/cobra-cli@latest</code></p><blockquote><p>cobra-cli会被安装到GOPATH的bin目录</p></blockquote><h3 id="使用cobra-cli初始化项目" tabindex="-1">使用cobra-cli初始化项目 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用cobra-cli初始化项目" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用cobra-cli初始化项目&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cobra-cli</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">//</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Your</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ready</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">at</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">//</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/Users/story/Developer/go/src/cobra-learn</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cobra-cli</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">//</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Your</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ready</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">at</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">//</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/Users/story/Developer/go/src/cobra-learn</span></span></code></pre></div><p>生成的目录结构:</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">LICENSE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go.mod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go.sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.go</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">LICENSE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go.mod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go.sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.go</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cobra-learn/cmd</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	cmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// main.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cobra-learn/cmd</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	cmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">os</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/spf13/cobra</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// rootCmd represents the base command when called without any subcommands</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootCmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra.Command{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Use:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cobra-learn&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Short: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;A brief description of your application&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Long: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">examples and usage of using your application. For example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">This application is a tool to generate the needed files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to quickly create a Cobra application.`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Uncomment the following line if your bare application</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// has an action associated with it:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) { },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Execute adds all child commands to the root command and sets flags appropriately.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// This is called by main.main(). It only needs to happen once to the rootCmd.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		os.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports persistent flags, which, if defined here,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// will be global for your application.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&amp;cfgFile, &quot;config&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;config file (default is $HOME/.cobra-learn.yaml)&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra also supports local flags, which will only run</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// when this action is called directly.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Flags</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BoolP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;toggle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Help message for toggle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">os</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/spf13/cobra</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// rootCmd represents the base command when called without any subcommands</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootCmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra.Command{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Use:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cobra-learn&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Short: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;A brief description of your application&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Long: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">examples and usage of using your application. For example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">This application is a tool to generate the needed files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">to quickly create a Cobra application.`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Uncomment the following line if your bare application</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// has an action associated with it:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) { },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Execute adds all child commands to the root command and sets flags appropriately.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// This is called by main.main(). It only needs to happen once to the rootCmd.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		os.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports persistent flags, which, if defined here,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// will be global for your application.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&amp;cfgFile, &quot;config&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;config file (default is $HOME/.cobra-learn.yaml)&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra also supports local flags, which will only run</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// when this action is called directly.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Flags</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">BoolP</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;toggle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Help message for toggle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>执行命令<code>go run main.go</code>会输出定义的详细描述</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">longer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">that</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">spans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multiple</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">lines</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">likely</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">examples</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">usage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">using</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">your</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">For</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CLI</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">library</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">that</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">empowers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">This</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">generate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">needed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">quickly</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application.</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.go</span><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">longer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">that</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">spans</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">multiple</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">lines</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">likely</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">examples</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">usage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">using</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">your</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">For</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CLI</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">library</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">that</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">empowers</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">This</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">generate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">needed</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">quickly</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">create</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application.</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="给命令添加子命令" tabindex="-1">给命令添加子命令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#给命令添加子命令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给命令添加子命令&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-cli</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">created</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">at</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/Users/story/Developer/go/src/cobra-learn</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-cli</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">created</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">at</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/Users/story/Developer/go/src/cobra-learn</span></span></code></pre></div><p>目录结构:</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">LICENSE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go.mod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go.sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.go</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">LICENSE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go.mod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go.sum</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.go</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// version.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/spf13/cobra</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd represents the version command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> versionCmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra.Command{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Use:   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;version&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Short: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;A brief description of your command&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Long: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains examples</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and usage of using your command. For example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">This application is a tool to generate the needed files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to quickly create a Cobra application.`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	Run: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra.Command, args []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;version called&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports Persistent Flags which will work for this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// and all subcommands, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.PersistentFlags().String(&quot;foo&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;A help for foo&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports local flags which will only run when this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// is called directly, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.Flags().BoolP(&quot;toggle&quot;, &quot;t&quot;, false, &quot;Help message for toggle&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// version.go</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cmd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/spf13/cobra</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd represents the version command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> versionCmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra.Command{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Use:   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;version&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Short: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;A brief description of your command&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Long: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains examples</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">and usage of using your command. For example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">This application is a tool to generate the needed files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">to quickly create a Cobra application.`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	Run: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra.Command, args []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;version called&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports Persistent Flags which will work for this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// and all subcommands, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.PersistentFlags().String(&quot;foo&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;A help for foo&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports local flags which will only run when this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// is called directly, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.Flags().BoolP(&quot;toggle&quot;, &quot;t&quot;, false, &quot;Help message for toggle&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>执行<code>go build</code>编译项目,会在项目根目录生成二进制文件<code>cobra-learn</code>执行该命令：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">longer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">that</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">spans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multiple</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">lines</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">likely</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">examples</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">usage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">using</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">your</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">For</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CLI</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">library</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">that</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">empowers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">This</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">generate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">needed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">quickly</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [command]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Available</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Commands:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">completion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Generate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">autocompletion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">specified</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">shell</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">about</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">brief</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">your</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">command</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Flags:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-t,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--toggle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">toggle</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cobra-learn [command] --help&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">more</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">information</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">about</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">command.</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">longer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">that</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">spans</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">multiple</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">lines</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">likely</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">examples</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">usage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">using</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">your</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">For</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">example:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CLI</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">library</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">that</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">empowers</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">applications.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">This</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">generate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">needed</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">files</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">quickly</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">create</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Cobra</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [command]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Available</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Commands:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">completion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Generate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">autocompletion</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">specified</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">shell</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">about</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#032F62;">A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">brief</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">your</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">command</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Flags:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-t,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--toggle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">toggle</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Use</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cobra-learn [command] --help&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">more</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">information</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">about</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">command.</span></span></code></pre></div><p>执行<code>cobra-learn version</code>：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">called</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">called</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到调用命令执行的就是<code>Run</code>属性对应的函数</p><h3 id="给命令增加flag" tabindex="-1">给命令增加flag <a class="header-anchor" href="#给命令增加flag" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给命令增加flag&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports Persistent Flags which will work for this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// and all subcommands, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.PersistentFlags().String(&quot;foo&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;A help for foo&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports local flags which will only run when this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// is called directly, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Flags</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">StringP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ver&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;版本号&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports Persistent Flags which will work for this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// and all subcommands, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// versionCmd.PersistentFlags().String(&quot;foo&quot;, &quot;&quot;, &quot;A help for foo&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Cobra supports local flags which will only run when this command</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// is called directly, e.g.:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Flags</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">StringP</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ver&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;版本号&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [flags]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Flags:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-v,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--ver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">版本号</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (default </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [flags]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Flags:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-v,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--ver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">版本号</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (default </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在Run函数中获取flag</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Run: </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra.Command, args []</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		ver, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Flags</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GetString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ver&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ver)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Run: </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra.Command, args []</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		ver, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Flags</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GetString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ver&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ver)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--ver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1234</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">1234</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用shorthand</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">1.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不带flag 使用默认值</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">                       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--ver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">123</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1234</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">1234</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用shorthand</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">1.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不带flag 使用默认值</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="修改命令配置" tabindex="-1">修改命令配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改命令配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改命令配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="自定义usage输出" tabindex="-1">自定义usage输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义usage输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义usage输出&quot;">​</a></h4><p>可以看到上面输出的<code>./cobra-learn version</code>的uage信息是默认的</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [flags]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Usage:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [flags]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>我们可以通过<code>SetUsageTemplate</code>或<code>SetUsageFunc</code>自定义这一内容：</p><ul><li>SetUsageTemplate</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SetUsageTemplate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`Usage: story version [options] &lt;ver&gt;`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`版本号`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`Options:`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`  -h, --help   help for version`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SetUsageTemplate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`Usage: story version [options] &lt;ver&gt;`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`版本号`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`Options:`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`  -h, --help   help for version`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">accepts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">received</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">story</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [options] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ver</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">版本号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Options:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">accepts</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">s</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">received</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">story</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [options] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ver</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">版本号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Options:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>SetUsageFunc</li></ul><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SetUsageFunc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra.Command) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Usage: story version&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	rootCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">AddCommand</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(versionCmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	versionCmd.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SetUsageFunc</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra.Command) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Usage: story version&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">➜  cobra</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">learn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">go</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> build             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">➜  cobra</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">learn .</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cobra</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">learn version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Usage: story version</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">➜  cobra</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">learn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">go</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> build             </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">➜  cobra</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">learn .</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">cobra</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;">learn version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Usage: story version</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="限制arg参数" tabindex="-1">限制arg参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#限制arg参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;限制arg参数&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>Number of arguments:</p><ul><li><code>NoArgs</code> - report an error if there are any positional args.</li><li><code>ArbitraryArgs</code> - accept any number of args.</li><li><code>MinimumNArgs(int)</code> - report an error if less than N positional args are provided.</li><li><code>MaximumNArgs(int)</code> - report an error if more than N positional args are provided.</li><li><code>ExactArgs(int)</code> - report an error if there are not exactly N positional args.</li><li><code>RangeArgs(min, max)</code> - report an error if the number of args is not between <code>min</code> and <code>max</code>.</li></ul></li><li><p>Content of the arguments:</p><ul><li><code>OnlyValidArgs</code> - report an error if there are any positional args not specified in the <code>ValidArgs</code> field of <code>Command</code>, which can optionally be set to a list of valid values for positional args.</li></ul></li></ul><p>例：<code>Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1)</code></p><p>执行不带参数时：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">accepts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">received</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 提示需要提供一个参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">story</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">version</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./cobra-learn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">accepts</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">s</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">received</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 提示需要提供一个参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">story</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">version</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/golang/cli/Cobra.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/golang/web/Gin.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Gin</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/golang/tools/redis-cleaner.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>redis-cleaner</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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diff --git a/golang/index.html b/golang/index.html
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/golang/index.html
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href="/golang/web/Gin.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Gin</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cli</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/golang/cli/Cobra.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Cobra</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/golang/tools/redis-cleaner.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>redis-cleaner</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _golang_tools_redis-cleaner" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="redis-cleaner" tabindex="-1">Redis-cleaner <a class="header-anchor" href="#redis-cleaner" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Redis-cleaner&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">context</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fmt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/redis/go-redis/v9</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ctx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Background</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建Redis客户端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NewClient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">redis.Options{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Addr: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;localhost:6379&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		DB:   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义匹配模式和批量处理大小</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	matchPattern </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	batchSize </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置游标初始值和删除计数器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	startCursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">uint64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	keysDeleted </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	memSaved </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 扫描Redis中的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		keys, cursor, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx, startCursor, matchPattern, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(batchSize)).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查每个key的过期时间并删除符合条件的键</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _, key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> keys {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			ttl, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">TTL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果过期时间大于15年，则删除该键</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ttl.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Hours</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">24</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">365</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				mem, err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MemoryUsage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Del</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Err</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				memSaved </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mem)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				keysDeleted</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果游标为0，则表示已完成遍历</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		startCursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cursor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;已删除 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 个过期时间大于10年的键</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, keysDeleted)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;已释放 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> MB内存</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, memSaved</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 关闭Redis客户端连接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> err </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">nil</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">context</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fmt</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/redis/go-redis/v9</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ctx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Background</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建Redis客户端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NewClient</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">redis.Options{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Addr: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;localhost:6379&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		DB:   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 定义匹配模式和批量处理大小</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	matchPattern </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	batchSize </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置游标初始值和删除计数器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	startCursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">uint64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	keysDeleted </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	memSaved </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 扫描Redis中的key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		keys, cursor, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx, startCursor, matchPattern, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(batchSize)).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 检查每个key的过期时间并删除符合条件的键</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _, key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> keys {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			ttl, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">TTL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果过期时间大于15年，则删除该键</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ttl.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Hours</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">24</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">365</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				mem, err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MemoryUsage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Del</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx, key).</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Err</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				memSaved </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mem)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				keysDeleted</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 如果游标为0，则表示已完成遍历</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		startCursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cursor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;已删除 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 个过期时间大于10年的键</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, keysDeleted)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fmt.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;已释放 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> MB内存</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, memSaved</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 关闭Redis客户端连接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> err </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">nil</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Fatal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(err)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/golang/tools/redis-cleaner.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/golang/cli/Cobra.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Cobra</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/golang/web/Gin.html b/golang/web/Gin.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7871019db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/golang/web/Gin.html
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en-US" dir="ltr">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
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data-v-e31bd47b>GoTemplate</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/golang/web/Gin.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Gin</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cli</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/golang/cli/Cobra.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Cobra</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/golang/tools/redis-cleaner.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>redis-cleaner</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _golang_web_Gin" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="gin" tabindex="-1">Gin <a class="header-anchor" href="#gin" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Gin&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>Gin is a HTTP web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a Martini-like API with much better performance -- up to 40 times faster. If you need smashing performance, get yourself some Gin.</p></blockquote><h2 id="gin安装和基本使用" tabindex="-1">Gin安装和基本使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#gin安装和基本使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Gin安装和基本使用&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin</code></p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">POST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/post&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;POST Data&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">POST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/post&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;POST Data&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p><code>curl -X GET http://localhost:8080</code></p><ul><li><code>Hello World!</code></li></ul></li><li><p><code>curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/post</code></p><ul><li><code>{&quot;message&quot;:&quot;POST Data&quot;}</code></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="返回一个静态页" tabindex="-1">返回一个静态页 <a class="header-anchor" href="#返回一个静态页" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;返回一个静态页&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置favicon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载静态页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 响应页面给前端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Main website&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置favicon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载静态页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 响应页面给前端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Main website&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>访问<code>localhost:8080</code>或<code>localhost:8080/index</code></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230701204904138.png" alt="静态页"></p><h2 id="加载资源文件" tabindex="-1">加载资源文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#加载资源文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;加载资源文件&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置favicon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">New</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载静态页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 响应页面给前端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Main website&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/thinkerou/favicon</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 创建服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 设置favicon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(favicon.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">New</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./favicon.ico&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 加载静态页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 响应页面给前端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Main website&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230701204606034.png" alt="加载资源文件"></p><h2 id="restful-api" tabindex="-1">Restful API <a class="header-anchor" href="#restful-api" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Restful API&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="query参数" tabindex="-1">Query参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#query参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Query参数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">net/http</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user/info&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		userId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Query</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		userName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Query</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:   userId,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: userName,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">net/http</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user/info&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		userId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Query</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		userName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Query</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:   userId,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: userName,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>curl -X GET &#39;http://localhost:8080/user/info?userId=123&amp;userName=小明&#39;</code><ul><li><code>{&quot;userId&quot;:&quot;123&quot;,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;小明&quot;}</code></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="body参数" tabindex="-1">Body参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#body参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Body参数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">encoding/json</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">net/http</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">POST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// request body []byte, err</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		body, _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GetRawData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 包装为map类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> m </span><span style="color:#F97583;">map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Unmarshal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(body, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">m)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusOK, m)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">encoding/json</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">net/http</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">POST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// request body []byte, err</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		body, _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GetRawData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 包装为map类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> m </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Unmarshal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(body, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">m)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusOK, m)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>curl -X POST &#39;http://127.0.0.1:8080/user&#39; --header &#39;Content-Type: application/json&#39; --data &#39;{&quot;userName&quot;: &quot;张三&quot;}&#39;</code><ul><li><code>{&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;张三&quot;}</code></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="表单参数" tabindex="-1">表单参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#表单参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;表单参数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;Title&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">link</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">href</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/base.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;Hello World!&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">form</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">action</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user/add&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;post&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;submit&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;提交&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">button</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">form</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">src</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/static/base.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#22863A;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;Title&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">link</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;stylesheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">href</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/base.css&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">h1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;Hello World!&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">h1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">form</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">action</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user/add&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">method</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;post&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">button</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;submit&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;提交&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">button</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">form</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">src</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/static/base.js&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">net/http</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusOK, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">POST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user/add&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PostForm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		password </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PostForm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;msg&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;success&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;data&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: username,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: password,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">net/http</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusOK, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">POST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user/add&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PostForm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		password </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PostForm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusOK, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;msg&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;success&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;data&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;username&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: username,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: password,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			},</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="路由" tabindex="-1">路由 <a class="header-anchor" href="#路由" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;路由&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">net/http</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向到首页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Redirect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusMovedPermanently, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusOK, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 404页面</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NoRoute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HTML</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(http.StatusNotFound, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;404.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;404&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">net/http</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">LoadHTMLGlob</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;templates/*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 重定向到首页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Redirect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusMovedPermanently, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/index&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusOK, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;index.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 404页面</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NoRoute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HTML</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(http.StatusNotFound, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;404.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;404&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	})</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="路由组" tabindex="-1">路由组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#路由组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;路由组&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	userGroup </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/get&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;get user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">POST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/post&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;post user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	userGroup </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/get&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;get user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">POST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/post&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;post user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="自定义中间件-拦截器" tabindex="-1">自定义中间件 拦截器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义中间件-拦截器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义中间件 拦截器&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">myHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() gin.HandlerFunc {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zhangsan&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		context.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 放行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// context.Abort() 阻止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	userGroup </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/get&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">myHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#F97583;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 获取拦截器里设置的值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MustGet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			log.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			c.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">JSON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;get user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2023/07/01 21:36:53 zhangsan</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">myHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() gin.HandlerFunc {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zhangsan&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		context.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 放行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// context.Abort() 阻止</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ginServer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gin.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Default</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	userGroup </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		userGroup.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/get&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">myHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">gin.Context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 获取拦截器里设置的值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MustGet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			log.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			c.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">JSON</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, gin.H{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;get user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ginServer.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:8080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2023/07/01 21:36:53 zhangsan</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/golang/web/Gin.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/golang/base/GoTemplate.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>GoTemplate</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/golang/cli/Cobra.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Cobra</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_base_JDK1_8HashMap%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="jdk1-8-hashmap源码学习" tabindex="-1">JDK1.8 HashMap源码学习 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jdk1-8-hashmap源码学习" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;JDK1.8 HashMap源码学习&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="hashmap" tabindex="-1">HashMap <a class="header-anchor" href="#hashmap" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HashMap&quot;">​</a></h2><p>HashMap是开发中最常用的容器之一，它也是Java集合框架中极为重要的组成部分，HashMap实现了Map接口，并继承 AbstractMap 抽象类</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AbstractMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Map</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cloneable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">***</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AbstractMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Map</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cloneable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">***</span><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>首先了解下HashMap的几个字段</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 默认的初始容量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//最大容量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.75f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认负载因子</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">transient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;[] table; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//哈希桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">transient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//容器中键值对的个数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">transient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modCount;	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//容器内部结构发生变化的次数，主要用于迭代的快速失败</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threshold; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阈值 table * loadFactor size超过这个值就会扩容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loadFactor; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//负载因子 默认0.75</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 默认的初始容量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//最大容量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.75f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//默认负载因子</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">transient</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;[] table; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//哈希桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">transient</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//容器中键值对的个数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">transient</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modCount;	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//容器内部结构发生变化的次数，主要用于迭代的快速失败</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threshold; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//阈值 table * loadFactor size超过这个值就会扩容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loadFactor; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//负载因子 默认0.75</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Node的结构</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Node</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Map.Entry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> K key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    V value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Node</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">hash</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, K </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, V </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> K </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()        { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> V </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()      { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;=&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Objects.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(key) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">^</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Objects.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> V </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(V </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">newValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        V oldValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (o </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (o </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map.Entry) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Map.Entry&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Map.Entry</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)o;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Objects.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(key, e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Objects.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value, e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Node</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Map.Entry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> K key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    V value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Node</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">hash</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, K </span><span style="color:#E36209;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, V </span><span style="color:#E36209;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> K </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()        { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> V </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()      { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;=&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value; }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Objects.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(key) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">^</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Objects.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> V </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(V </span><span style="color:#E36209;">newValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        V oldValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object </span><span style="color:#E36209;">o</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (o </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (o </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map.Entry) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Map.Entry&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Map.Entry</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)o;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Objects.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(key, e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Objects.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value, e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Node（JDK1.8之前叫Entry）是HashMap的静态内部类，实现了Map.Entry接口，包括了hash，key，value和下一节点next四个属性，<strong>是构成哈希表的基石，是哈希表存储的元素的具体形式。</strong></p><h3 id="构造方法" tabindex="-1">构造方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#构造方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;构造方法&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> initialCapacity, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loadFactor) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Illegal initial capacity: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                           initialCapacity);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (loadFactor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Float.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNaN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(loadFactor))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Illegal load factor: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                           loadFactor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loadFactor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.threshold </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(initialCapacity);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> initialCapacity) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// all other fields defaulted</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Map</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> extends K, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> extends V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> m) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">putMapEntries</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(m, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> initialCapacity, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loadFactor) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Illegal initial capacity: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                           initialCapacity);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        initialCapacity </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (loadFactor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Float.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNaN</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(loadFactor))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalArgumentException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Illegal load factor: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                           loadFactor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loadFactor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.threshold </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(initialCapacity);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> initialCapacity) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// all other fields defaulted</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">=====================================================================</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Map</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> extends K, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> extends V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> m) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.loadFactor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">putMapEntries</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(m, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>HashMap的初始容量和负载因子是影响map性能的关键参数，容量指的是table数组的大小，负载因子是衡量哈希表使用程度的一个尺度，负载因子越小，那哈希表空间的利用率就越低，造成的空间浪费就越严重。而如果负载因子越大，哈希表的利用率越高，带来的问题就是查找效率的下降。0.75是对空间和时间成本的折衷选择，一般情况下无需修改。</p><h2 id="hashmap的数据结构" tabindex="-1">HashMap的数据结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#hashmap的数据结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HashMap的数据结构&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>hash的概念：把任意长度的输入，通过hash算法，转换成相同长度的输出（通常为整型)。</p></li><li><p>HashMap的数据结构：</p><p>HashMap的底层数据结构结合了数组和链表（JDK1.8之前)，实际上就是一个链表数组，也就是上文提到的Node&lt;K,V&gt; table[]。我们都知道数组的优势是查找快，增删慢，而链表则是增删快，查找慢，而这种链表数组——拉链法，结合了二者的优势，查找快，增删也快。查找元素的时间复杂度为O（1+n），n为链表的长度。在JDK1.8之后，为了解决哈希冲突频繁的问题，在原来的基础上又引入了红黑树，当链表长度超过8时，链表便会转化为红黑树结构，查找的时间复杂度从O(1+n)变成了O(1+lgn），大大提高了查询效率，不必再遍历链表。</p></li><li><p>JDK1.8之前的HashMap结构 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2020-06-08_23-40-22.png" alt="Snipaste_20200608_234022.png"></p></li><li><p>JDK1.8的HashMap结构 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2020-06-08_23-41-01.png" alt="Snipaste_20200608_234101.png"></p></li></ul><h2 id="hashmap的功能" tabindex="-1">HashMap的功能 <a class="header-anchor" href="#hashmap的功能" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;HashMap的功能&quot;">​</a></h2><p>HashMap中的方法很多，这里主要从hash，put，get，resize几个点深入研究</p><h3 id="hash" tabindex="-1">hash <a class="header-anchor" href="#hash" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;hash&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hash</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> h;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (h </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">^</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (h </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hash</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> h;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (h </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">^</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (h </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>首先，我们可以发现HashMap是允许null键的，而HashTable则不支持。</p><p><code>hash</code>方法的本质是对<code>key.hashCode()</code>和<code>key.hashCode()&gt;&gt;&gt;16</code>进行异或运算，<code>&gt;&gt;&gt;</code>为无符号右移运算符，就是将补码右移后高位补0。<code>^</code>异或是参与运算的数每一位上的数字对比，相同结果为0，不同结果为1。</p><p>所以hash方法的功能就是对高16bit和低16bit进行异或运算来减少碰撞。</p><h3 id="put方法" tabindex="-1">put方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#put方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;put方法&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> V </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(K key, V value) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">putVal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hash</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(key), key, value, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> V </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(K key, V value) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">putVal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hash</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(key), key, value, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="putval方法" tabindex="-1">putVal方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#putval方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;putVal方法&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> V </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">putVal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash, K key, V value, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> onlyIfAbsent,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">               </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> evict) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;[] tab; Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; p; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n, i;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果table为空或者为初始化则进行初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((tab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> table) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tab.length) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (tab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()).length;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算插入的索引值（n- 1) &amp; hash，如果数组中这个索引位置为空 则直接插入，next指针指向为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tab[i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash]) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        tab[i] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">newNode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hash, key, value, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果key已经存在了，直接覆盖value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; e; K k;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (p.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ((k </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> p.key) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//把第一个元素赋值给e记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> p;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果是红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TreeNode)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)p).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">putTreeVal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, tab, hash, key, value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果为链表，进行遍历直到下一个节点为null或者key存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> binCount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; ; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">binCount) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> p.next) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入链表最末端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    p.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">newNode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hash, key, value, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果链表长度达到阈值 转换为红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (binCount </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TREEIFY_THRESHOLD </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// -1 for 1st</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">treeifyBin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tab, hash);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//判断链表中的节点key与即将插入的key是否相同</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    ((k </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.key) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//和前面的e = p.next对应 用来遍历链表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                p </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果key存在，则覆盖原来的value，返回oldValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// existing mapping for key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            V oldValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">onlyIfAbsent </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                e.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//访问后的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">afterNodeAccess</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//记录结构修改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">modCount;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果哈希表中的键值对数量达到阈值，进行扩容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threshold)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入后的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">afterNodeInsertion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(evict);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> V </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">putVal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash, K key, V value, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> onlyIfAbsent,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">               </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> evict) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;[] tab; Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; p; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n, i;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果table为空或者为初始化则进行初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((tab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> table) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tab.length) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (tab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resize</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()).length;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//计算插入的索引值（n- 1) &amp; hash，如果数组中这个索引位置为空 则直接插入，next指针指向为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tab[i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash]) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        tab[i] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">newNode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hash, key, value, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果key已经存在了，直接覆盖value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; e; K k;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (p.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ((k </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> p.key) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//把第一个元素赋值给e记录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> p;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果是红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TreeNode)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)p).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">putTreeVal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, tab, hash, key, value);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果为链表，进行遍历直到下一个节点为null或者key存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> binCount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; ; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">binCount) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> p.next) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入链表最末端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    p.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">newNode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hash, key, value, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果链表长度达到阈值 转换为红黑树</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (binCount </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TREEIFY_THRESHOLD </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// -1 for 1st</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">treeifyBin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tab, hash);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//判断链表中的节点key与即将插入的key是否相同</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    ((k </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.key) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//和前面的e = p.next对应 用来遍历链表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                p </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果key存在，则覆盖原来的value，返回oldValue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// existing mapping for key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            V oldValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">onlyIfAbsent </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                e.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//访问后的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">afterNodeAccess</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldValue;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//记录结构修改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">modCount;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果哈希表中的键值对数量达到阈值，进行扩容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threshold)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resize</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//插入后的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">afterNodeInsertion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(evict);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>流程梳理：</p><ol><li><p>计算key的hash值 （h = key.hashCode() ^ h &gt;&gt;&gt; 16)</p></li><li><p>根据hash值和table数组的长度n计算插入table数组的索引，(n - 1) &amp; hash。由于n始终是2的n次方（为什么后面会介绍），所以(n - 1) &amp; hash 相等于 hash % n ，但是位运算要比取模效率更高</p></li><li><p>多种情况</p><ul><li><p>如果该位置没有数据，新生成一个节点保存新数据，返回null</p></li><li><p>如果该位置有数据且是红黑树结构，那么执行相应的插入 / 更新操作；</p></li><li><p>如果该位置有数据且是链表</p><ul><li>该链表没有这个节点，采用尾插法新增节点保存新数据，返回null</li><li>链表上有这个节点，比较key.hash是否一致，一致则覆盖value，返回oldValue</li></ul></li></ul></li></ol><p>流程图: <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2020-06-20_16-37-37.png" alt="Snipaste_20200620_163737.png"></p><h3 id="get" tabindex="-1">get <a class="header-anchor" href="#get" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;get&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> V </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getNode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hash</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(key), key)) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Node</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getNode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash, Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;[] tab; Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; first, e; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n; K k;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1. 定位键值对所在桶的位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((tab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> table) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tab.length) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        (first </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tab[(n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash]) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (first.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// always check first node</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ((k </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> first.key) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> first;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> first.next) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 如果 first 是 TreeNode 类型，则调用黑红树查找方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (first </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TreeNode)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)first).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTreeNode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hash, key);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 对链表进行查找</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    ((k </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.key) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (key </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> key.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.next) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> V </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getNode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hash</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(key), key)) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Node</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getNode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash, Object key) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;[] tab; Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; first, e; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n; K k;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1. 定位键值对所在桶的位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((tab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> table) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tab.length) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        (first </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tab[(n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash]) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (first.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// always check first node</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ((k </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> first.key) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> first;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> first.next) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 如果 first 是 TreeNode 类型，则调用黑红树查找方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (first </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TreeNode)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)first).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTreeNode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hash, key);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 对链表进行查找</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    ((k </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.key) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (key </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> key.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(k))))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.next) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="resize" tabindex="-1">resize <a class="header-anchor" href="#resize" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;resize&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Node</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//oldTable指向当前hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;[] oldTab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> table;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (oldTab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldTab.length;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threshold;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newCap, newThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (oldCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶不为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (oldCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果大于最大容量,则阈值设置为最大整数的值 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                threshold </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.MAX_VALUE;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                     oldCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶容量扩容一次(左移1位)后小于最大值,并且旧的桶容量大于默认值16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//新桶容量 = 旧桶容量*2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                newThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// double threshold</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (oldThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// initial capacity was placed in threshold</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldThr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// zero initial threshold signifies using defaults</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            newThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (newThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ft </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loadFactor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            newThr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ft </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">float</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                      (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)ft </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.MAX_VALUE);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        threshold </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newThr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">SuppressWarnings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">({</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;rawtypes&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;unchecked&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化一个容量为newCap的新hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;[] newTab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Node</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[])</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Node</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[newCap];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将新桶复制给旧的hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        table </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (oldTab </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶不为空,则开始扩容操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> j </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; j </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldCap; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">j) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldTab[j]) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//旧桶j处节点值赋值给e,如果不为空,将旧桶j节点设置为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    oldTab[j] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e后面没有节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        newTab[e.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (newCap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//直接对e的hash值对新数组长度求模获得hash桶中存储位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TreeNode)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e为红黑树节点,将e添加到红黑树中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">K,V</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)e).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, newTab, j, oldCap);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// preserve order //如果是链表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; loHead </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, loTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; hiHead </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, hiTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">V</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.next;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e的下一节点赋值给next</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldCap) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e的hash值对旧桶长度求模为0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (loTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    loHead </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果loTail为null,将e赋给loHead</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    loTail.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//非则将e赋值给loTail的next节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                loTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e赋值给loTail节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e的hash值对旧桶长度取模不为0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (hiTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    hiHead </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//hiHead为null,将e赋值给hiHead</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    hiTail.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//否则e赋值给hiTail.next</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                hiTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e赋值给hiTail</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> next) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//直到e为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (loTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果loTail不为空,将loTail的下一节点设置为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            loTail.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将loHead赋值给新桶的j处</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            newTab[j] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loHead;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (hiTail </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果hiTail不为空,将hiTail的下一节点设置为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            hiTail.next </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//hiHead赋值给新桶的j+旧桶数组长度处</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            newTab[j </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oldCap] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hiHead;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> newTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Node</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resize</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//oldTable指向当前hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;[] oldTab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> table;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (oldTab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldTab.length;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threshold;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newCap, newThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (oldCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶不为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (oldCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果大于最大容量,则阈值设置为最大整数的值 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                threshold </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.MAX_VALUE;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                     oldCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶容量扩容一次(左移1位)后小于最大值,并且旧的桶容量大于默认值16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//新桶容量 = 旧桶容量*2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                newThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// double threshold</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (oldThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// initial capacity was placed in threshold</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldThr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {               </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// zero initial threshold signifies using defaults</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            newThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (newThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ft </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loadFactor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            newThr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ft </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">float</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                      (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)ft </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.MAX_VALUE);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        threshold </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newThr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SuppressWarnings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">({</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;rawtypes&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;unchecked&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//初始化一个容量为newCap的新hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;[] newTab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Node</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[])</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Node</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[newCap];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将新桶复制给旧的hash桶数组</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        table </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (oldTab </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果旧的hash桶不为空,则开始扩容操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> j </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; j </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldCap; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">j) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; e;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldTab[j]) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//旧桶j处节点值赋值给e,如果不为空,将旧桶j节点设置为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    oldTab[j] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e后面没有节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        newTab[e.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (newCap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//直接对e的hash值对新数组长度求模获得hash桶中存储位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TreeNode)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e为红黑树节点,将e添加到红黑树中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        ((TreeNode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">K,V</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)e).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, newTab, j, oldCap);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// preserve order //如果是链表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; loHead </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, loTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; hiHead </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, hiTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        Node&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">K</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">V</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; next;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.next;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e的下一节点赋值给next</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldCap) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e的hash值对旧桶长度求模为0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (loTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    loHead </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果loTail为null,将e赋给loHead</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    loTail.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//非则将e赋值给loTail的next节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                loTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e赋值给loTail节点</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果e的hash值对旧桶长度取模不为0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (hiTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    hiHead </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//hiHead为null,将e赋值给hiHead</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    hiTail.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//否则e赋值给hiTail.next</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                hiTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将e赋值给hiTail</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((e </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> next) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//直到e为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (loTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果loTail不为空,将loTail的下一节点设置为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            loTail.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//将loHead赋值给新桶的j处</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            newTab[j] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loHead;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (hiTail </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果hiTail不为空,将hiTail的下一节点设置为null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            hiTail.next </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//hiHead赋值给新桶的j+旧桶数组长度处</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            newTab[j </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oldCap] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hiHead;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> newTab;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="为什么table的长度总是2的n次幂" tabindex="-1">为什么table的长度总是2的n次幂 <a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么table的长度总是2的n次幂" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;为什么table的长度总是2的n次幂&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>tableSizeFor(int cap)方法</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cap) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cap) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><p>测试类</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">65538</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cap));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cap</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cap);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">cap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Test</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">65538</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cap));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cap</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cap);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableSizeFor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">cap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toBinaryString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MAXIMUM_CAPACITY </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">010000000000000010</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">010000000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">011000000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">011110000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">011111111000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">011111111111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">011111111111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">100000000000000000</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">010000000000000010</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">010000000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">011000000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">011110000000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">011111111000000001</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">011111111111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">011111111111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">100000000000000000</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>分析 第一次运行： 10000000000000010 n &gt;&gt;&gt; 1; 01000000000000000 进行|运算 11000000000000001 把最大位的1，通过位移后移一位，并且通过|运算，组合起来 第二次运行： 11000000000000001 n &gt;&gt;&gt; 2; 00110000000000000 进行|运算 11110000000000001 把最大的两位，已经变成1的，往后移动两位，并且通过|运算，组合起来 第三次运行： 11110000000000001 n &gt;&gt;&gt; 4; 00001111000000000 进行|运算 11111111000000001 把最大4位，已经变成1的，往后移动4位，并且通过|运算，组合起来 第四次运行： 11111111000000001 n &gt;&gt;&gt; 8; 00000000111111110 进行|运算 11111111111111111 把最大的8位，已经变成1的，往后移动8位，并且通过|运算，组合起来 第五次运算： 同上进行16位运算 第六次运算： 返回结果,格式为最高位为1其他为全为0的值,即一定是2的整数次幂</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/base/JDK1.8HashMap源码学习.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/base/String%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>String类的深入学习</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/base/Java8%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Java8新特性回顾</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_base_Java8%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="java8新特性回顾" tabindex="-1">Java8新特性回顾 <a class="header-anchor" href="#java8新特性回顾" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Java8新特性回顾&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="lambda表达式" tabindex="-1">lambda表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#lambda表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;lambda表达式&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Lambda 允许把函数作为一个方法的参数（函数作为参数传递进方法中）</p><h3 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameters) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expression</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">或</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(parameters) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{ statements; }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameters) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expression</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">或</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(parameters) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{ statements; }</span></span></code></pre></div><p>以下是lambda表达式的重要特征:</p><ul><li><strong>可选类型声明</strong>：不需要声明参数类型，编译器可以统一识别参数值。</li><li><strong>可选的参数圆括号</strong>：一个参数无需定义圆括号，但<strong>多个参数需要定义圆括号</strong>。</li><li><strong>可选的大括号</strong>：如果主体包含了一个语句，就不需要使用大括号。</li><li><strong>可选的返回关键字</strong>：如果主体只有一个表达式返回值则编译器会自动返回值，大括号需要指定表达式返回了一个数值。</li></ul><h3 id="示例" tabindex="-1">示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;示例&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1. 不需要参数,返回值为 5  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 接收一个参数(数字类型),返回其2倍的值  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3. 接受2个参数(数字),并返回他们的差值  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x, y) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x – y  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4. 接收2个int型整数,返回他们的和  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5. 接受一个 string 对象,并在控制台打印,不返回任何值(看起来像是返回void)  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String s) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1. 不需要参数,返回值为 5  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 2. 接收一个参数(数字类型),返回其2倍的值  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 3. 接受2个参数(数字),并返回他们的差值  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(x, y) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x – y  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 4. 接收2个int型整数,返回他们的和  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 5. 接受一个 string 对象,并在控制台打印,不返回任何值(看起来像是返回void)  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(String s) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="变量作用域" tabindex="-1">变量作用域 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量作用域" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量作用域&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>lambda 表达式只能引用标记了 final 的外层局部变量，这就是说不能在 lambda 内部修改定义在域外的局部变量，否则会编译错误。</li><li>lambda 表达式的局部变量可以不用声明为 final，但是必须不可被后面的代码修改（即隐性的具有 final 的语义）</li><li>在 Lambda 表达式当中不允许声明一个与局部变量同名的参数或者局部变量。</li></ul><h3 id="lambda表达和匿名内部类的区别" tabindex="-1">lambda表达和匿名内部类的区别 <a class="header-anchor" href="#lambda表达和匿名内部类的区别" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;lambda表达和匿名内部类的区别&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>第一点：所需类型不同</p><p>匿名内部类：可以是接口，也可以是抽象类，还可以是具体类。 **Lambda表达式：**只能是接口。</p><p>第二点：使用限制不同</p><p>1，如果接口中有且仅有一个抽象方法，可以使用Lambda表达式，也可以使用匿名内部类。 2，如果接口中有多于一个抽象方法，只能使用匿名内部类，不可以使用Lambda表达式。</p><p>第三点：实现原理不同</p><p>匿名内部类：编译之后会产生一个单独的.class字节码文件。 Lambda表达式：编译之后没有产生一个单独的.class字节码文件，对应的字节码文件会在运行的时候动态生成。</p></blockquote><h2 id="函数式接口" tabindex="-1">函数式接口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数式接口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数式接口&quot;">​</a></h2><p>函数式接口(Functional Interface)就是一个有且仅有一个抽象方法，但是可以有多个非抽象方法的接口。</p><p>函数式接口可以被隐式转换为 lambda 表达式。</p><p>Lambda 表达式和方法引用（实际上也可认为是Lambda表达式）上。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">FunctionalInterface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GreetingService</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sayMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">GreetingService greetService1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FunctionalInterface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GreetingService</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sayMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">GreetingService greetService1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message);</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="stream" tabindex="-1">Stream <a class="header-anchor" href="#stream" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Stream&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Stream 使用一种类似用 SQL 语句从数据库查询数据的直观方式来提供一种对 Java 集合运算和表达的高阶抽象。</p><p>这种风格将要处理的元素集合看作一种流， 流在管道中传输， 并且可以在管道的节点上进行处理， 比如筛选， 排序，聚合等。</p><p>元素流在管道中经过中间操作（intermediate operation）的处理，最后由最终操作(terminal operation)得到前面处理的结果。</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">+--------------------+       +------+   +------+   +---+   +-------+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">| stream of elements +-----&gt; |filter+-&gt; |sorted+-&gt; |map+-&gt; |collect|</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">+--------------------+       +------+   +------+   +---+   +-------+</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">+--------------------+       +------+   +------+   +---+   +-------+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">| stream of elements +-----&gt; |filter+-&gt; |sorted+-&gt; |map+-&gt; |collect|</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">+--------------------+       +------+   +------+   +---+   +-------+</span></span></code></pre></div><p>以上的流程转换为 Java 代码为：</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; transactionsIds </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">widgets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stream</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getColor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RED)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sorted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((x,y) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getWeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> y.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getWeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mapToInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Widget</span><span style="color:#F97583;">::</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">getWeight)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; transactionsIds </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">widgets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stream</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">             .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getColor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RED)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">             .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sorted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((x,y) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getWeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> y.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getWeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">             .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mapToInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Widget</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">::</span><span style="color:#24292E;">getWeight)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">             .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Stream（流）是一个来自数据源的元素队列并支持聚合操作</p><ul><li>元素是特定类型的对象，形成一个队列。 Java中的Stream并不会存储元素，而是按需计算。</li><li><strong>数据源</strong> 流的来源。 可以是集合，数组，I/O channel等。</li><li><strong>聚合操作</strong> 类似SQL语句一样的操作， 比如filter, map, reduce, find, match, sorted等。</li></ul><p>和以前的Collection操作不同， Stream操作还有两个基础的特征：</p><ul><li><strong>Pipelining</strong>: 中间操作都会返回流对象本身。 这样多个操作可以串联成一个管道， 如同流式风格（fluent style）。 这样做可以对操作进行优化， 比如延迟执行(laziness)和短路( short-circuiting)。</li><li><strong>内部迭代</strong>： 以前对集合遍历都是通过Iterator或者For-Each的方式, 显式的在集合外部进行迭代， 这叫做外部迭代。 Stream提供了内部迭代的方式， 通过访问者模式(Visitor)实现。</li></ul><h3 id="流的特性" tabindex="-1">流的特性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#流的特性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流的特性&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><code>stream</code>不存储数据，而是按照特定的规则对数据进行计算，一般会输出结果；</p></li><li><p><code>stream</code><strong>不会改变数据源</strong>，通常情况下会产生一个新的集合；</p></li><li><p><code>stream</code>具有<strong>延迟执行特性，只有调用终端操作时，中间操作才会执行</strong>。</p></li><li><p>对<code>stream</code>操作分为终端操作和中间操作，那么这两者分别代表什么呢？ 终端操作：会消费流，这种操作会产生一个结果的，如果一个流被消费过了，那它就不能被重用的。 中间操作：中间操作会产生另一个流。因此中间操作可以用来创建执行一系列动作的管道。一个特别需要注意的点是: 中间操作不是立即发生的。相反，当在中间操作创建的新流上执行完终端操作后，中间操作指定的操作才会发生。所以中间操作是延迟发生的，中间操作的延迟行为主要是让流API能够更加高效地执行。</p></li><li><p><code>stream</code>不可复用，对一个已经进行过终端操作的流再次调用，会抛出异常。</p></li></ul><h3 id="生成流" tabindex="-1">生成流 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生成流" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生成流&quot;">​</a></h3><p>集合创建流：</p><ul><li><strong>stream()</strong> − 为集合创建串行流。</li><li><strong>parallelStream()</strong> − 为集合创建并行流。</li></ul><p>数组创建流：</p><ul><li>Arrays.stream(arr)</li><li>Stream.of(arr)</li></ul><h3 id="常用方法" tabindex="-1">常用方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常用方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常用方法&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>foreach：迭代</li><li>map：将元素映射为另一种元素</li><li>filter：过滤元素</li><li>limit：获取制定数量的流</li><li>count：统计数量</li><li>max：最大值</li><li>min：最小值</li><li>sorted：排序，可以使用自然排序或特定比较器。</li><li>reduce：把一个流缩减为一个值，比如对一个集合求和等</li><li>collect：collect操作可接收各种方法为参数，将流中数据汇总，例如Collectors.toList()。</li><li>joining：将元素用特定字符链接起来</li><li>concat：可以组合两个流</li></ul><h2 id="optional" tabindex="-1">Optional <a class="header-anchor" href="#optional" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Optional&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Optional 类是一个可以为null的容器对象。如果值存在则isPresent()方法会返回true，调用get()方法会返回该对象。</p><p>Optional 是个容器：它可以保存类型T的值，或者仅仅保存null。Optional提供很多有用的方法，这样我们就不用显式进行空值检测。</p><p>Optional 类的引入很好的解决空指针异常。</p><h3 id="示例-1" tabindex="-1">示例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#示例-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;示例&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Java8Tester</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Java8Tester java8Tester </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Java8Tester</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Integer value1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Integer value2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.ofNullable - 允许传递为 null 参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Optional.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ofNullable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.of - 如果传递的参数是 null，抛出异常 NullPointerException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Optional.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(java8Tester.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a,b));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.isPresent - 判断值是否存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第一个参数值存在: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isPresent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;第二个参数值存在: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isPresent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.orElse - 如果值存在，返回它，否则返回默认值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Integer value1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">orElse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//Optional.get - 获取值，值需要存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Integer value2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">第一个参数值存在</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">第二个参数值存在</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Java8Tester</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Java8Tester java8Tester </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Java8Tester</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Integer value1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Integer value2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.ofNullable - 允许传递为 null 参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Optional.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ofNullable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.of - 如果传递的参数是 null，抛出异常 NullPointerException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Optional.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(java8Tester.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a,b));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Optional&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.isPresent - 判断值是否存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第一个参数值存在: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isPresent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;第二个参数值存在: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isPresent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Optional.orElse - 如果值存在，返回它，否则返回默认值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Integer value1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">orElse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//Optional.get - 获取值，值需要存在</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Integer value2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">第一个参数值存在</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">第二个参数值存在</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/base/Java8新特性回顾.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/base/JDK1.8HashMap%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>JDK1.8HashMap源码学习</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/ConfigurationProperties%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>ConfigurationProperties注解</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_base_String%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="string类的深入学习" tabindex="-1">String类的深入学习 <a class="header-anchor" href="#string类的深入学习" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;String类的深入学习&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="string类" tabindex="-1">String类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#string类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;String类&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.io.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Comparable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CharSequence</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /** The value is used for character storage. */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value[];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.io.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Comparable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CharSequence</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /** The value is used for character storage. */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value[];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_1-string类的声明" tabindex="-1">1.String类的声明 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-string类的声明" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.String类的声明&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>String类是final的,不可以被继承</li><li>String类底层是char型数组实现的</li><li>value[] 也是final的,而且是private修饰的,这就保证了String类的对象一旦被初始化就无法更改。</li></ul><blockquote><p>String对象被创建后就无法更改指的是常规方法无法更改,因为String类是由char型数组实现的,而这个数组value也是一个引用,我们可以通过暴力反射setAccessible(true),来修改value数组的内容。</p></blockquote><h3 id="_2-常用构造方法" tabindex="-1">2.常用构造方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-常用构造方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.常用构造方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>1.<code>String str = new String();</code>构造一个空字符串</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>2.<code>String str = new String(String string)</code>根据指定的字符串来构造新的String对象</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String original) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> original.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.hash </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> original.hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String original) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> original.value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.hash </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> original.hash;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>3.<code>String str = new String(char[] value)</code>通过指定字符数组来构造新的String对象</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> value[]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Arrays.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">copyOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value, value.length);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> value[]) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Arrays.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">copyOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value, value.length);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>当然,还有我们最常用的<code>String str = &quot;123&quot;</code>,不过这种通过<strong>字面量</strong>形式构造对象的方式完全等同于上述的第三种形式,实际上它的实现是:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] chars </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;3&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(chars);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] chars </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;3&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(chars);</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_3-关于声明一个字符串是否创建了对象" tabindex="-1">3.关于声明一个字符串是否创建了对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-关于声明一个字符串是否创建了对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.关于声明一个字符串是否创建了对象&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>由字面量声明的字符串不一定创建了对象</li></ul><p>String a = &quot;123&quot;;是否创建了对象要看字符串常量池中,是否已经有了&quot;123&quot;这个对象,如果有,那么这句代码就没有创建对象,如果没有,那么就在字符串常量池中创建了一个&quot;123&quot;对象.</p><ul><li>通过new出来的字符串一定创建了对象</li></ul><p>String a = new String(&quot;123&quot;),无论字符串常量池是否有&quot;123&quot;这个对象,这句代码都会创建对象,区别就在于创建了一个还是两个.假如常量池中没有,那么就分别在常量池和堆区都分别创建了&quot;123&quot;对象。如果常量池中有该对象,那么就只在堆区中创建一个&quot;123&quot;对象。</p><h2 id="字符串常量池" tabindex="-1">字符串常量池 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字符串常量池" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字符串常量池&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-字符串常量池的设计思想" tabindex="-1">1.字符串常量池的设计思想 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-字符串常量池的设计思想" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.字符串常量池的设计思想&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>字符串的分配，和其他的对象分配一样，耗费高昂的时间与空间代价，作为最基础的数据类型，大量频繁的创建字符串，极大程度地影响程序的性能</p></li><li><p>JVM为了提高性能和减少内存开销，为字符串开辟一个字符串常量池，类似于缓存区,创建字符串常量时，首先判断字符串常量池是否存在该字符串.如果存在该字符串，返回引用实例，不存在，实例化该字符串并放入池中</p></li><li><p>实现的基础:字符串<strong>不可变</strong></p></li></ul><h3 id="_2-字符串常量池的位置" tabindex="-1">2.字符串常量池的位置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-字符串常量池的位置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.字符串常量池的位置&quot;">​</a></h3><p>字符串常量池在JDK1.6之前是存放在Perm区的(永久代),也就是我们常说的方法区,而在JDK1.7之后,字符串常量池已经被移到了Heap区(堆区)存放,而在JDK1.8,Perm区已经被移除了,取而代之是元空间。</p><blockquote><p>我们常说的方法区,其实是JVM中提出的规范,永久代和方法区的关系,类似我们Java中的类与接口,方法区是一个接口,制定了规范,而永久代是HotSpot虚拟机对这个规范的实现</p></blockquote><p>并且,字符串常量池相较其他常量池有着特殊性:</p><ul><li><p>直接使用字面量声明的String对象，如果在常量池中不存在，那么就会直接存储在字符串常量池中,如果存在,那么就会直接指向字符串常量池中的对象</p></li><li><p>而通过new关键字创建的String对象,如果在常量池中不存在，可以通过native方法<code>intern</code>手动入池。而即使常量池中存在这个字符串,这个方法就不会生效.</p></li><li><p><strong>能否入池，都取决于字符串常量池中是否存在该字符串。</strong></p><ul><li>如果不存在就会入池。</li><li>如果存在，那么通过字面量声明的字符串就会直接从常量池中取值；而intern方法就没有任何效果</li></ul></li></ul><p><strong>很重要的一点：</strong></p><p>​ 由于JDK对于字符串常量池的改动，在JDK1.7和之后的版本，字符串常量池都在堆区中了，而且，<strong>使用intern方法入池的字符串，不会再在字符串常量池中创建一个对象，而是保存调用intern方法的这个字符串的引用。</strong></p><h2 id="stringbuilder和stringbuffer" tabindex="-1">StringBuilder和StringBuffer <a class="header-anchor" href="#stringbuilder和stringbuffer" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;StringBuilder和StringBuffer&quot;">​</a></h2><p>众所周知，在Java中,运算符<code>+</code>在和字符串一起使用时的作用是<code>拼接</code>,而非运算,那么到底是什么原因呢,其实底层就是StringBuffer(JDK1.0)和StringBuilder(JDK1.5之后)实现的。</p><p>看了API就会发现，StringBuilder和StringBuffer都是<strong>可变字符序列</strong>，而且两者的方法是完全一样的，唯一的区别就是线程安全问题，StringBuilder是线程不安全的，而StringBuffer是线程安全的，而StringBuffer始于JDK1.0，StringBuilder始于JDK1.5，也就是说，StringBuilder的出现，就是为了在单线程条件下替换StringBuffer，也就意味着，在不考虑线程安全问题的情况下，我们通常都会使用StringBuilder，因为没有线程问题的影响，StringBuilder的速度更快。</p><p>再说回字符串拼接的问题，</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(d);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//&quot;123&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(d);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//&quot;123&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面这个代码片段的底层实现,其实是:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">valueof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a))).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">valueof</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a))).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><p>换言之,字符串拼接,其实是创建了一个新的StringBuilder的对象,来调用append方法进行拼接,拼接完成后再调用toString方法来返回一个新的字符串.</p><p>因此,</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;World&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String d </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(d);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(c</span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">d);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;World&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String d </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(d);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(c</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;">d);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个代码片段的结果是HelloWorld,HelloWorld,false。</p><p>原因是StringBuilder的toString方法每次都会返回一个new出来的String对象。源码如下:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//StringBuilder类重写的toString方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Create a copy, don&#39;t share the array</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, count);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//StringBuilder类重写的toString方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Create a copy, don&#39;t share the array</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, count);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="关于string类的面试题" tabindex="-1">关于String类的面试题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关于string类的面试题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关于String类的面试题&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="题目1" tabindex="-1">题目1: <a class="header-anchor" href="#题目1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;题目1:&quot;">​</a></h3><h3 id="string-str-new-string-123-一共创建了几个对象" tabindex="-1">String str = new String（&quot;123&quot;)一共创建了几个对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#string-str-new-string-123-一共创建了几个对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;String str = new String（&quot;123&quot;)一共创建了几个对象&quot;">​</a></h3><p>答:</p><p>1.假如字符串常量池中没有&quot;123&quot;这个字符串,那么这条代码就创建了两个对象,第一个是在字符串常量池中创建了字符串对象&quot;123&quot;,然后在堆区创建了一个字符串对象&quot;123&quot;,接着会把堆区这个&quot;123&quot;的引用地址值赋给在栈区声明的str。</p><p>2.假如字符串常量池中有&quot;123&quot;这个字符串,那么就只创建了一个对象,就是在堆区中创建了对象&quot;123&quot;,然后把地址值赋给str.</p><h3 id="题目2" tabindex="-1">题目2: <a class="header-anchor" href="#题目2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;题目2:&quot;">​</a></h3><p>引用自:<a href="https://tech.meituan.com/2014/03/06/in-depth-understanding-string-intern.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">深入解析String#intern-美团技术团队</a></p><p><strong>代码片段1:</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">intern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s3.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">intern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;11&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s4);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">intern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s3.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">intern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;11&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s4);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在JDK1.6中:结果是<code>false false</code></p><p>在JDK1.7中:结果是<code> false true</code></p><p>分析:</p><ul><li><strong>在JDK1.6中:字符串常量池存储于永久代</strong></li></ul><p>String s1 = new String(&quot;1&quot;)首先在字符串常量池中创建了对象&quot;1&quot;,然后在堆区创建对象&quot;1&quot;,s1的引用指向的是堆区的对象;</p><p>s1.intern()方法,会查找字符串常量池中是否有&quot;1&quot;这个对象,结果里面有,所以这个方法没有生效,等于没写.</p><p>String s2 = &quot;1&quot;,因为常量池中已经有&quot;1&quot;这个字符串了,所以s2指向了常量池中&quot;1&quot;</p><p><strong>s1指向堆区,s2指向永久代,显然二者地址不同,结果为false</strong></p><p>String s3 = new String(&quot;1&quot;) + new String(&quot;1&quot;);这句代码在堆区创建了两个匿名&quot;1&quot;对象,拼接后的等于在堆区中创建了字符串&quot;11&quot;对象</p><p>s3.intern()方法将&quot;11&quot;对象保存在了字符串常量池中</p><p>String s4 = &quot;11&quot;,指向的是字符串常量池中&quot;11&quot;对象</p><p><strong>s3指向堆区,s4指向永久代,结果为false</strong></p><ul><li><strong>在JDK1.7中:字符串常量池存储于堆区,且intern方法不会创建对象,而是保存堆区对象的引用</strong></li></ul><p>s1在常量池和堆区分别创建了对象&quot;1&quot;,s1指向的是堆区的&quot;1&quot;对象,s.intern()方法无效,s2指向的是常量池中的&quot;1&quot;对象,s1和s2指向地址不同,所以是false;</p><p>s3在堆区创建了对象&quot;11&quot;,s3.intern()将堆区对象存在常量池中,<strong>但是</strong>!!! 这里的<strong>存</strong>是将堆区中&quot;11&quot;的引用存在了常量池,而非创建对象.</p><p>所以s4指向常量池中的引用,其实就是s3的引用,所以s3==s4为true。</p><p><strong>代码片段2：</strong></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s1.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">intern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String s4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;11&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s3.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">intern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(s3 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s4);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s1.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">intern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s2);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">String s4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;11&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">s3.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">intern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(s3 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s4);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>JDK1.6结果:<code>false false</code></p><p>JDK1.7结果:<code>false false</code></p><p>分析:</p><ul><li><strong>在JDK1.6中:字符串常量池存储于永久代</strong></li></ul><p>s1在常量池和堆区分别创建了对象&quot;1&quot;,s1指堆区的对象&quot;1&quot;;</p><p>s2指向的是常量池的对象&quot;1&quot;</p><p>因为常量池中有&quot;1&quot;这个对象,所以s1.intern()无效</p><p><strong>s1,s2二者指向地址不同,所以是false.</strong></p><p>s3在堆区创建了对象&quot;11&quot;</p><p>s4在常量池创建了对象&quot;11&quot;,并指向了常量池中的&quot;11&quot;对象</p><p>常量池中已经有了对象&quot;11&quot;,s3.intern()无效</p><p><strong>s3,s4指向不同,所以false</strong></p><ul><li><strong>在JDK1.7中:字符串常量池存储于堆区,且intern方法不会创建对象,而是保存堆区对象的引用</strong></li></ul><p>s1在常量池和堆区分别创建了对象&quot;1&quot;,s1指堆区的对象&quot;1&quot;;</p><p>s2指向的是常量池的对象&quot;1&quot;</p><p>因为常量池中有&quot;1&quot;这个对象,所以s1.intern()无效</p><p><strong>s1,s2二者指向地址不同,所以是false.</strong></p><p>s3在堆区创建了对象&quot;11&quot;</p><p>s4在常量池创建了对象&quot;11&quot;,并指向了常量池中的&quot;11&quot;对象</p><p>常量池中已经有了对象&quot;11&quot;,s3.intern()无效</p><p><strong>s3,s4指向不同,所以false</strong></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/base/String类的深入学习.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/base/JDK1.8HashMap%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>JDK1.8HashMap源码学习</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_database_MySql%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="mysql索引" tabindex="-1">MySql索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mysql索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MySql索引&quot;">​</a></h1><p>本篇内容基于MySQL的InnoDB存储引擎。</p><h2 id="索引的概念" tabindex="-1">索引的概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引的概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引的概念&quot;">​</a></h2><p>索引是一个单独的、存储在磁盘上的数据库结构，它们包含着对数据表里所有记录的引用指针。使用索引用于快速找出在某个或多个列中有一特定值的行，所有MySQL列类型都可以被索引，==对相关列使用索引是提高查询操作速度的最佳途径==。</p><p>InnoDB存储引擎中的索引都是指BTree索引，MySQL中还有Hash索引,详见官网<a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">存储引擎索引类型</a></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//1271254-20201013142145162-80980408.png" alt="12712542020101314214516280980408.png"></p><h2 id="索引的原理" tabindex="-1">索引的原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引的原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引的原理&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p><strong>内容引用自美团技术团队发表的文章</strong><a href="https://tech.meituan.com/2014/06/30/mysql-index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MySQL索引原理及慢查询优化</a></p><p>索引的目的在于提高查询效率，可以类比字典，如果要查“mysql”这个单词，我们肯定需要定位到m字母，然后从下往下找到y字母，再找到剩下的sql。如果没有索引，那么你可能需要把所有单词看一遍才能找到你想要的，如果我想找到m开头的单词呢？或者ze开头的单词呢？是不是觉得如果没有索引，这个事情根本无法完成？</p><p>数据库的索引结构需要做的事:每次查找数据时把磁盘IO次数控制在一个很小的数量级，最好是常数数量级。那么我们就想到如果一个高度可控的多路搜索树是否能满足需求呢？就这样，b+树应运而生。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//d641ac414176455b97a57b6210b9febb.jpg" alt="b树.jpg"> 如上图，是一颗b+树，关于b+树的定义可以参见<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%2B%E6%A0%91" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">B+树</a>，这里只说一些重点，浅蓝色的块我们称之为一个磁盘块，可以看到每个磁盘块包含几个数据项（深蓝色所示）和指针（黄色所示），如磁盘块1包含数据项17和35，包含指针P1、P2、P3，P1表示小于17的磁盘块，P2表示在17和35之间的磁盘块，P3表示大于35的磁盘块。真实的数据存在于叶子节点即3、5、9、10、13、15、28、29、36、60、75、79、90、99。非叶子节点只不存储真实的数据，只存储指引搜索方向的数据项，如17、35并不真实存在于数据表中。</p><h4 id="b-树的查找过程" tabindex="-1">b+树的查找过程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#b-树的查找过程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;b+树的查找过程&quot;">​</a></h4><p>如图所示，如果要查找数据项29，那么首先会把磁盘块1由磁盘加载到内存，此时发生一次IO，在内存中用二分查找确定29在17和35之间，锁定磁盘块1的P2指针，内存时间因为非常短（相比磁盘的IO）可以忽略不计，通过磁盘块1的P2指针的磁盘地址把磁盘块3由磁盘加载到内存，发生第二次IO，29在26和30之间，锁定磁盘块3的P2指针，通过指针加载磁盘块8到内存，发生第三次IO，同时内存中做二分查找找到29，结束查询，总计三次IO。真实的情况是，3层的b+树可以表示上百万的数据，如果上百万的数据查找只需要三次IO，性能提高将是巨大的，如果没有索引，每个数据项都要发生一次IO，那么总共需要百万次的IO，显然成本非常非常高。</p><h4 id="b-树性质" tabindex="-1">b+树性质 <a class="header-anchor" href="#b-树性质" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;b+树性质&quot;">​</a></h4><p>1.通过上面的分析，我们知道IO次数取决于b+数的高度h，假设当前数据表的数据为N，每个磁盘块的数据项的数量是m，则有h=㏒(m+1)N，当数据量N一定的情况下，m越大，h越小；而m = 磁盘块的大小 / 数据项的大小，磁盘块的大小也就是一个数据页的大小，是固定的，如果数据项占的空间越小，数据项的数量越多，树的高度越低。这就是为什么每个数据项，即索引字段要尽量的小，比如int占4字节，要比bigint8字节少一半。这也是为什么b+树要求把真实的数据放到叶子节点而不是内层节点，一旦放到内层节点，磁盘块的数据项会大幅度下降，导致树增高。当数据项等于1时将会退化成线性表。</p><p>2.当b+树的数据项是复合的数据结构，比如(name,age,sex)的时候，b+数是按照从左到右的顺序来建立搜索树的，比如当(张三,20,F)这样的数据来检索的时候，b+树会优先比较name来确定下一步的所搜方向，如果name相同再依次比较age和sex，最后得到检索的数据；但当(20,F)这样的没有name的数据来的时候，b+树就不知道下一步该查哪个节点，因为建立搜索树的时候name就是第一个比较因子，必须要先根据name来搜索才能知道下一步去哪里查询。比如当(张三,F)这样的数据来检索时，b+树可以用name来指定搜索方向，但下一个字段age的缺失，所以只能把名字等于张三的数据都找到，然后再匹配性别是F的数据了， 这个是非常重要的性质，即索引的最左匹配特性。</p></blockquote><h2 id="索引的类别" tabindex="-1">索引的类别 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引的类别" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引的类别&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-primary-key-主键索引" tabindex="-1">1.Primary Key(主键索引) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-primary-key-主键索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.Primary Key(主键索引)&quot;">​</a></h3><p>主键索引是一种特殊的唯一索引，这个时候需要一个表只能有一个主键，不允许有空值。一般是在建表的时候同时创建主键索引</p><blockquote><p>InnoDB存储引擎的表，如果建表的时候没有指定主键，则会使用第一非空的唯一索引作为聚集索引，如果没有主键也没有合适的唯一索引，那么innodb内部会生成一个隐藏的主键作为聚集索引，这个隐藏的主键是一个6个字节的列，该列的值会随着数据的插入自增。</p><p>在其他存储引擎或其他数据库中主键索引不一定就是聚集索引</p></blockquote><h3 id="_2-unique-唯一索引" tabindex="-1">2.Unique（唯一索引） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-unique-唯一索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.Unique（唯一索引）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>唯一索引列的值必须是唯一的，但允许有空值,如果是组合索引，则列值的组合必须是唯一的。</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">UNIQUE index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">索引名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">UNIQUE index</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">索引名</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_3-key-普通索引" tabindex="-1">3.Key（普通索引） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-key-普通索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.Key（普通索引）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>MySQL中的基本索引类型，允许在定义索引的列中插入重复值和空值</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">索引名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">index</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">索引名</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_4-组合索引" tabindex="-1">4.组合索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-组合索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.组合索引&quot;">​</a></h3><p>指多个字段上创建的索引，只有在查询条件中使用了创建索引时的第一个字段，索引才会被使用。使用组合索引时遵循最左前缀原则</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">索引名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名(列名,列名...)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">index</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">索引名</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名(列名,列名...)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_5-全文索引" tabindex="-1">5.全文索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-全文索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.全文索引&quot;">​</a></h3><p>全文索引类型为FULLTEXT，在定义索引的列上支持值的全文查找，允许在这些索引列中插入重复值和空值。全文索引可以在CHAR、VARCHAR或者TEXT类型的列上创建</p><h2 id="索引的基本语法" tabindex="-1">索引的基本语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引的基本语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引的基本语法&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>创建</li></ul><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mytable </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [UNIQUE]  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [indexName] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mytable </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  [UNIQUE]  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [indexName] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名(列名)</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>删除</li></ul><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [indexName] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [indexName] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名;</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>查看</li></ul><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">SHOW </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 表名</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">SHOW </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 表名</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>alter命令</li></ul><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 有四种方式来添加数据表的索引：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (column_list): 该语句添加一个主键，这意味着索引值必须是唯一的，且不能为NULL。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">UNIQUE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index_name (column_list): 这条语句创建索引的值必须是唯一的（除了NULL外，NULL可能会出现多次）。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index_name (column_list): 添加普通索引，索引值可出现多次。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ADD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">FULLTEXT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index_name (column_list):该语句指定了索引为 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">FULLTEXT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ，用于全文索引。</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 有四种方式来添加数据表的索引：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (column_list): 该语句添加一个主键，这意味着索引值必须是唯一的，且不能为NULL。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">UNIQUE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index_name (column_list): 这条语句创建索引的值必须是唯一的（除了NULL外，NULL可能会出现多次）。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INDEX</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index_name (column_list): 添加普通索引，索引值可出现多次。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tbl_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FULLTEXT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index_name (column_list):该语句指定了索引为 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FULLTEXT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ，用于全文索引。</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="索引的使用场景" tabindex="-1">索引的使用场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引的使用场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引的使用场景&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1-适合使用索引" tabindex="-1">1.适合使用索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-适合使用索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.适合使用索引&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>频繁作为查询条件的字段</li><li>多表查询中与其他表进行关联的字段,外键关系建立索引</li><li>单列/组合索引的选择,在高并发的场景下适合建立组合索引</li><li>查询中常用于排序的字段</li><li>查询中常用于分组或统计的字段</li></ul><h3 id="_2-不适合使用索引" tabindex="-1">2.不适合使用索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-不适合使用索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.不适合使用索引&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>频繁更新的字段</p></li><li><p>where条件中用不到的字段</p></li><li><p>表记录很少</p></li><li><p>重复记录非常多的表</p></li><li><p>数据区分不明显的字段,例如性别栏位</p></li></ul><h2 id="索引有效场景" tabindex="-1">索引有效场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引有效场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引有效场景&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>全值匹配的查询,例如根据订单id查询select * from t_order where order_id = &#39;9999676623&#39;</p></li><li><p>匹配范围值的查询,例如 where id &gt; &#39;123456&#39;</p></li><li><p>最左匹配原则,如user表的username pwd创建了组合索引那么以下几种都可以命中索引</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;zhangsan&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>而</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> user </span><span style="color:#F97583;">where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> user </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pwd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;axsedf1sd&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>不能命中索引</p></li><li><p>非前导模糊查询, 例如 where name like &#39;xiaoming%&#39;</p></li></ul><h3 id="索引失效场景" tabindex="-1">索引失效场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#索引失效场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;索引失效场景&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>负向查询会使索引失效,例如 id not in (1,2,3)</li><li>在索引字段进行运算会使索引失效,例如计算,函数,类型转换</li><li>!=或者&lt;&gt;会使索引失效</li><li>is not null无法使用索引,但是is null可以</li><li>前导模糊查询会使索引失效,例如 name like &#39;%xiaoming&#39;,但是非前导可以</li><li>字符串不加单引号会使索引失效</li><li>使用组合索引时不遵循最左匹配原则会使索引失效</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/database/MySql索引.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>kafka常用命令记录</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>SQL优化学习</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_database_Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="otter实现数据全量增量同步" tabindex="-1">Otter实现数据全量增量同步 <a class="header-anchor" href="#otter实现数据全量增量同步" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Otter实现数据全量增量同步&quot;">​</a></h1><p>otter是一款基于数据库增量日志解析，准实时同步到本机房或异地机房的mysql/oracle数据库. 一个分布式数据库同步系统</p><p>仓库地址：<code>https://github.com/alibaba/otter</code></p><h2 id="前置工作" tabindex="-1">前置工作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#前置工作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;前置工作&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>源库开启binlog，并且必须是ROW模式</p></li><li><p>需要启动zookeeper</p></li><li><p>otter是基于canal的，但是otter项目本身内嵌了canal，所以无需独立启动canal-server</p></li><li><p>初始化otter数据库</p><ul><li><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><p>CREATE DATABASE /<em>!32312 IF NOT EXISTS</em>/ <code>otter</code> /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin */;</p><p>USE <code>otter</code>;</p><p>SET sql_mode=&#39;ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION&#39;;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>ALARM_RULE</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>MONITOR_NAME</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL, <code>RECEIVER_KEY</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL, <code>STATUS</code> varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, <code>MATCH_VALUE</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PARAMETERS</code> text DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>AUTOKEEPER_CLUSTER</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>CLUSTER_NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>SERVER_LIST</code> varchar(1024) NOT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>CANAL</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PARAMETERS</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>CANALUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>CHANNEL</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PARAMETERS</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>CHANNELUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>COLUMN_PAIR</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>SOURCE_COLUMN</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>TARGET_COLUMN</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> (<code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>COLUMN_PAIR_GROUP</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>COLUMN_PAIR_CONTENT</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> (<code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>DATA_MEDIA</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>NAMESPACE</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>PROPERTIES</code> varchar(1000) NOT NULL, <code>DATA_MEDIA_SOURCE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>DATAMEDIAUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>,<code>NAMESPACE</code>,<code>DATA_MEDIA_SOURCE_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>PULLWEIGHT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PUSHWEIGHT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>RESOLVER</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>FILTER</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>SOURCE_DATA_MEDIA_ID</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>TARGET_DATA_MEDIA_ID</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>COLUMN_PAIR_MODE</code> varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>DATA_MEDIA_SOURCE</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>TYPE</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>PROPERTIES</code> varchar(1000) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>DATAMEDIASOURCEUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>DELAY_STAT</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>DELAY_TIME</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>DELAY_NUMBER</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID_GmtModified_ID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>GMT_MODIFIED</code>,<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_Pipeline_GmtCreate</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>GMT_CREATE</code>), KEY <code>idx_GmtCreate_id</code> (<code>GMT_CREATE</code>,<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>LOG_RECORD</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NID</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>CHANNEL_ID</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>TITLE</code> varchar(1000) DEFAULT NULL, <code>MESSAGE</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>logRecord_pipelineId</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>NODE</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>IP</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>PORT</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PARAMETERS</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>NODEUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>,<code>IP</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>PIPELINE</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NAME</code> varchar(200) NOT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PARAMETERS</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>CHANNEL_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>PIPELINEUNIQUE</code> (<code>NAME</code>,<code>CHANNEL_ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_ChannelID</code> (<code>CHANNEL_ID</code>,<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>PIPELINE_NODE_RELATION</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>NODE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>LOCATION</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>SYSTEM_PARAMETER</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL, <code>VALUE</code> text DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>TABLE_HISTORY_STAT</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>FILE_SIZE</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>FILE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>INSERT_COUNT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>UPDATE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>DELETE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL, <code>START_TIME</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>END_TIME</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID_END_TIME</code> (<code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code>,<code>END_TIME</code>), KEY <code>idx_GmtCreate_id</code> (<code>GMT_CREATE</code>,<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>TABLE_STAT</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>FILE_SIZE</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>FILE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>INSERT_COUNT</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>UPDATE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>DELETE_COUNT</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID_DataMediaPairID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>DATA_MEDIA_PAIR_ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>THROUGHPUT_STAT</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>TYPE</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>NUMBER</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>SIZE</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>PIPELINE_ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL, <code>START_TIME</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>END_TIME</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID_Type_GmtCreate_ID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>TYPE</code>,<code>GMT_CREATE</code>,<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_PipelineID_Type_EndTime_ID</code> (<code>PIPELINE_ID</code>,<code>TYPE</code>,<code>END_TIME</code>,<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>idx_GmtCreate_id</code> (<code>GMT_CREATE</code>,<code>ID</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>USER</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>USERNAME</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>PASSWORD</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>AUTHORIZETYPE</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>DEPARTMENT</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>REALNAME</code> varchar(20) NOT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), UNIQUE KEY <code>USERUNIQUE</code> (<code>USERNAME</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE <code>DATA_MATRIX</code> ( <code>ID</code> bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, <code>GROUP_KEY</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>MASTER</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>SLAVE</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>DESCRIPTION</code> varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL, <code>GMT_CREATE</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;, <code>GMT_MODIFIED</code> timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (<code>ID</code>), KEY <code>GROUPKEY</code> (<code>GROUP_KEY</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</p><p>CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <code>meta_history</code> ( <code>id</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT &#39;主键&#39;, <code>gmt_create</code> datetime NOT NULL COMMENT &#39;创建时间&#39;, <code>gmt_modified</code> datetime NOT NULL COMMENT &#39;修改时间&#39;, <code>destination</code> varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;通道名称&#39;, <code>binlog_file</code> varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog文件名&#39;, <code>binlog_offest</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog偏移量&#39;, <code>binlog_master_id</code> varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog节点id&#39;, <code>binlog_timestamp</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog应用的时间戳&#39;, <code>use_schema</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;执行sql时对应的schema&#39;, <code>sql_schema</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;对应的schema&#39;, <code>sql_table</code> varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;对应的table&#39;, <code>sql_text</code> longtext DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;执行的sql&#39;, <code>sql_type</code> varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;sql类型&#39;, <code>extra</code> text DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;额外的扩展信息&#39;, PRIMARY KEY (<code>id</code>), UNIQUE KEY binlog_file_offest(<code>destination</code>,<code>binlog_master_id</code>,<code>binlog_file</code>,<code>binlog_offest</code>), KEY <code>destination</code> (<code>destination</code>), KEY <code>destination_timestamp</code> (<code>destination</code>,<code>binlog_timestamp</code>), KEY <code>gmt_modified</code> (<code>gmt_modified</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=&#39;表结构变化明细表&#39;;</p><p>CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS <code>meta_snapshot</code> ( <code>id</code> bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT &#39;主键&#39;, <code>gmt_create</code> datetime NOT NULL COMMENT &#39;创建时间&#39;, <code>gmt_modified</code> datetime NOT NULL COMMENT &#39;修改时间&#39;, <code>destination</code> varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;通道名称&#39;, <code>binlog_file</code> varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog文件名&#39;, <code>binlog_offest</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog偏移量&#39;, <code>binlog_master_id</code> varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog节点id&#39;, <code>binlog_timestamp</code> bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;binlog应用的时间戳&#39;, <code>data</code> longtext DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;表结构数据&#39;, <code>extra</code> text DEFAULT NULL COMMENT &#39;额外的扩展信息&#39;, PRIMARY KEY (<code>id</code>), UNIQUE KEY binlog_file_offest(<code>destination</code>,<code>binlog_master_id</code>,<code>binlog_file</code>,<code>binlog_offest</code>), KEY <code>destination</code> (<code>destination</code>), KEY <code>destination_timestamp</code> (<code>destination</code>,<code>binlog_timestamp</code>), KEY <code>gmt_modified</code> (<code>gmt_modified</code>) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=&#39;表结构记录表快照表&#39;;</p><p>insert into USER(ID,USERNAME,PASSWORD,AUTHORIZETYPE,DEPARTMENT,REALNAME,GMT_CREATE,GMT_MODIFIED) values(null,&#39;admin&#39;,&#39;801fc357a5a74743894a&#39;,&#39;ADMIN&#39;,&#39;admin&#39;,&#39;admin&#39;,now(),now()); insert into USER(ID,USERNAME,PASSWORD,AUTHORIZETYPE,DEPARTMENT,REALNAME,GMT_CREATE,GMT_MODIFIED) values(null,&#39;guest&#39;,&#39;471e02a154a2121dc577&#39;,&#39;OPERATOR&#39;,&#39;guest&#39;,&#39;guest&#39;,now(),now());</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h2 id="manager配置" tabindex="-1">manager配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#manager配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;manager配置&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## otter manager domain name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.domainName = xxx.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## otter manager http port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.port = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## otter manager database config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.database.driver.class.name = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.database.driver.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/otter?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.database.driver.username = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.database.driver.password = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## otter communication port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.communication.manager.port = 1099</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">## default zookeeper address</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">otter.zookeeper.cluster.default = 127.0.0.1:2181</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## otter manager domain name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.domainName = xxx.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## otter manager http port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.port = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## otter manager database config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.database.driver.class.name = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.database.driver.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/otter?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.database.driver.username = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.database.driver.password = </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## otter communication port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.communication.manager.port = 1099</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">## default zookeeper address</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">otter.zookeeper.cluster.default = 127.0.0.1:2181</span></span></code></pre></div><p>修改完关键配置后即可执行bin/startup.sh启动manager服务，webUI访问时默认是游客，admin密码默认为<code>admin</code> ,otter没有提供权限控制，游客用户也能看到所有配置信息，因此不能暴露在公网。</p><blockquote><p>坑：startup.sh中的java启动参数-Xss（单个线程栈内存）值都设置的是256k,使用jdk1.8是无法启动的，需要调成大一点例如512k</p><p><code>The stack size specified is too small, Specify at least 384k</code></p></blockquote><p>切换到admin用户后需要配置zookeeper &amp; node信息，这个node的id为1</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230228201401938.png" alt="image-20230228201401938"></p><h2 id="node配置" tabindex="-1">node配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#node配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;node配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>在node/conf下执行<code>echo 1 &gt; nid</code>，调整node配置后启动node，看到node状态为已启动即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230228201429514.png" alt="image-20230228201429514"></p><h2 id="数据源配置" tabindex="-1">数据源配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据源配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据源配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>配置两个数据源，一个作为源库，一个作为目标库</p><h2 id="数据表配置" tabindex="-1">数据表配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据表配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据表配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>表明可以用模糊匹配，也可以指定具体的表</p><h2 id="canal配置" tabindex="-1">canal配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>监听源库，开启tsdb监控表结构变化</p><h2 id="配置channel" tabindex="-1">配置Channel <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置channel" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置Channel&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="添加channel" tabindex="-1">添加channel <a class="header-anchor" href="#添加channel" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;添加channel&quot;">​</a></h3><p>基于日志变更、行记录模式</p><h3 id="添加pipeline" tabindex="-1">添加pipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#添加pipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;添加pipeline&quot;">​</a></h3><p>select和load机器直接选node，同步数据来源的canal选择刚才配置的</p><h3 id="配置映射关系列表" tabindex="-1">配置映射关系列表 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置映射关系列表" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置映射关系列表&quot;">​</a></h3><p>添加源表和目标表的映射，视图模式的include/exclude分别代表选中的字段同步/选中的字段排除（不同步），配置好映射关系后保存</p><blockquote><p>批量添加</p><p>schema1,table1,sourceId1,schema2,table2,sourceId2</p><p>schema1,table1,sourceId1为源表信息</p><p>schema2,table2,sourceId2为目标表信息</p><p>sourceId是数据源的id，在数据源配置页面可以找到</p><p>映射权重 (对应的数字越大，同步会越后面得到同步，优先同步权重小的数据)</p></blockquote><h2 id="启动channel" tabindex="-1">启动channel <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动channel" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动channel&quot;">​</a></h2><p>启动channel即可测试源库源表的数据变更后，目标库的目标表是否跟着一起更新。</p><h2 id="全量数据同步" tabindex="-1">全量数据同步 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全量数据同步" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全量数据同步&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="方案1" tabindex="-1">方案1 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方案1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方案1&quot;">​</a></h3><p>上述介绍的是增量同步数据的基本操作，但是往往源表中已经有了大量的存量数据需要全量同步一次。</p><p>Otter官方提供了一种叫<code>自由门</code>的方案可以用于：</p><ul><li>数据订正</li><li>全量数据同步</li></ul><p>原理是基于otter系统表retl_buffer，插入特定数据，otter系统感知后回根据表明和pk提取对应记录和正常增量同步数据一起同步到目标库</p><h4 id="前提" tabindex="-1">前提 <a class="header-anchor" href="#前提" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;前提&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>已经建好了两个表的同步channel并且启动</li></ul><h4 id="retl库建表sql" tabindex="-1">retl库建表sql <a class="header-anchor" href="#retl库建表sql" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;retl库建表sql&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">供 otter 使用， otter 需要对 retl.* 的读写权限，以及对业务表的读写权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1. 创建database retl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DATABASE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 2. 用户授权 给同步用户授权 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;retl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> USAGE </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`retl`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`retl`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INSERT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">EXECUTE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`retl`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`retl`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 业务表授权，这里可以限定只授权同步业务的表 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INSERT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`retl`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;  </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 3. 创建系统表 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">USE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> retl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">IF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl_buffer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">IF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl_mark</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">IF</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">xdual</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">retl_buffer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	TABLE_ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	FULL_NAME </span><span style="color:#F97583;">varchar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">512</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">CHAR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	PK_DATA </span><span style="color:#F97583;">VARCHAR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">256</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	GMT_CREATE </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TIMESTAMP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	GMT_MODIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TIMESTAMP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">CONSTRAINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RETL_BUFFER_ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ID) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)  ENGINE</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">InnoDB </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">retl_mark</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	CHANNEL_ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">INT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	CHANNEL_INFO </span><span style="color:#F97583;">varchar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">128</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">CONSTRAINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RETL_MARK_ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ID) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) ENGINE</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xdual</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  X </span><span style="color:#F97583;">timestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ID)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) ENGINE</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 4. 插入初始化数据 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">INSERT INTO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">retl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">xdual</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(id, x) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">VALUES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">now</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DUPLICATE </span><span style="color:#F97583;">KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">now</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">供 otter 使用， otter 需要对 retl.* 的读写权限，以及对业务表的读写权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">1. 创建database retl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">*/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DATABASE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 2. 用户授权 给同步用户授权 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;retl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> USAGE </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`retl`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`retl`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INSERT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXECUTE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`retl`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`retl`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 业务表授权，这里可以限定只授权同步业务的表 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INSERT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`retl`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;  </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 3. 创建系统表 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">USE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> retl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">IF</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl_buffer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">IF</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl_mark</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">IF</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EXISTS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">xdual</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">retl_buffer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	TABLE_ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	FULL_NAME </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">varchar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">512</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">CHAR</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	PK_DATA </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">VARCHAR</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">256</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	GMT_CREATE </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TIMESTAMP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	GMT_MODIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TIMESTAMP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">CONSTRAINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RETL_BUFFER_ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ID) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)  ENGINE</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">InnoDB </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">retl_mark</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">(	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	CHANNEL_ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">INT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	CHANNEL_INFO </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">varchar</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">128</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">CONSTRAINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RETL_MARK_ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ID) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">) ENGINE</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TABLE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xdual</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BIGINT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> AUTO_INCREMENT,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  X </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">timestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NOT NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PRIMARY KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ID)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">) ENGINE</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CHARSET</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">utf8;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 4. 插入初始化数据 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">INSERT INTO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">retl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">xdual</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(id, x) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">VALUES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">now</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DUPLICATE </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">now</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="全量同步操作" tabindex="-1">全量同步操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全量同步操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全量同步操作&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">insert into retl.retl_buffer(ID,TABLE_ID, FULL_NAME,TYPE,PK_DATA,GMT_CREATE,GMT_MODIFIED) (select null,0,&#39;$schema.table$&#39;,&#39;I&#39;,id,now(),now() from $schema.table$);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">insert into retl.retl_buffer(ID,TABLE_ID, FULL_NAME,TYPE,PK_DATA,GMT_CREATE,GMT_MODIFIED) (select null,0,&#39;$schema.table$&#39;,&#39;I&#39;,id,now(),now() from $schema.table$);</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>例如：insert into retl.retl_buffer(ID,TABLE_ID, FULL_NAME,TYPE,PK_DATA,GMT_CREATE,GMT_MODIFIED) (select null,0,&#39;test.user&#39;,&#39;I&#39;,id,now(),now() from test.user);</p></blockquote><h3 id="方案2" tabindex="-1">方案2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#方案2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;方案2&quot;">​</a></h3><p>上述基于数据库插入记录触发otter同步的方案，如果数据量大会比较耗时。也可以直接把源表数据导出并记录导出时binlog的position，先将全量数据导入一次目标表，再基于导出数据时的binlog的position进行增量同步。</p><h4 id="导出数据" tabindex="-1">导出数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导出数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导出数据&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>mysqldump -uxxx -pxxx --single-transaction --master-data=2 --databases xxx --tables xxx &gt; data.sql</code></p><p>这样，导出的data.sql文件中会有一行信息，记录导出时的binlog文件和position</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230228203126413.png" alt="image-20230228203126413"></p><h4 id="导入数据" tabindex="-1">导入数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#导入数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导入数据&quot;">​</a></h4><p>在目标库执行导入sql</p><h4 id="配置canal的读取postion" tabindex="-1">配置canal的读取postion <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置canal的读取postion" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置canal的读取postion&quot;">​</a></h4><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20230228203443257.png" alt="image-20230228203443257"></p><p>后续新建channel的操作和普通增量同步一样即可。</p><h2 id="踩坑" tabindex="-1">踩坑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#踩坑" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;踩坑&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="更换zookeeper后manager-webui无法访问" tabindex="-1">更换zookeeper后manager webui无法访问 <a class="header-anchor" href="#更换zookeeper后manager-webui无法访问" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;更换zookeeper后manager webui无法访问&quot;">​</a></h3><p>更换zookeeper后，manager管理页面无法进入，报错内容类似<code>org.I0Itec.zkclient.exception.ZkNoNodeException: org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$NoNodeException: KeeperErrorCode = NoNode for /otter/channel/3/3/process</code> 。原因是otter会在zookepper中存储一些节点信息，更换zookeeper后，需要复制节点数据，或者删除数据库中的channel、pipeline等表的数据内容 或者访问 <code>http://域名:端口/system_reduction.htm</code>，点击一键修复即可。</p><h3 id="canal指定的binlog被清除" tabindex="-1">canal指定的binlog被清除 <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal指定的binlog被清除" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal指定的binlog被清除&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>show master logs</code><code>show binlog events in &#39;binlog.000048&#39; from 1226 limit 4;</code> 更新canal中的位点配置重新启动</p><h3 id="读取从库binlog" tabindex="-1">读取从库binlog <a class="header-anchor" href="#读取从库binlog" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;读取从库binlog&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li></li></ul><p>低权限用户需要授权，否则无法读取binlog<code>GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO &#39;xxx&#39;@&#39;%&#39; IDENTIFIED BY &#39;&#39;;</code></p><ul><li>从库需要设置<code>log_slave_updates=1</code>，将主库binlog中的操作写入到从库的binlog中，默认是关闭的，虽然数据可以同步，但是从库binlog没有记录这些内容。</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/database/Otter实现数据全量增量同步.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>SQL优化学习</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Maven的生命周期</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_database_SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="sql优化学习" tabindex="-1">SQL优化学习 <a class="header-anchor" href="#sql优化学习" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SQL优化学习&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="mysql查询的流程" tabindex="-1">MySQL查询的流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mysql查询的流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MySQL查询的流程&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//v2-33c07d2bec1fd9f093e45fd448aaacfa_hd.jpg" alt="v233c07d2bec1fd9f093e45fd448aaacfa_hd.jpg"></p><ul><li>客户端将查询发送至服务器</li><li>服务器检查查询缓存，如果找到了，就从缓存中返回结果，否则进行下一步</li><li>服务器解析，预处理</li><li>查询优化器优化查询</li><li>生成执行计划，执行引擎调用存储引擎API执行查询</li><li>服务器将结果发送回客户端</li></ul><h3 id="_1-客户端连接阶段" tabindex="-1">1.客户端连接阶段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-客户端连接阶段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.客户端连接阶段&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>show processlist</code>命令可以查看mysql连接的状态，以我自己的阿里云服务器为例</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//058461b82cd84f30b2f0f58005a8cd04.png" alt="1.png"></p><p>常见的状态：</p><ul><li>Sleep：线程正在等待客户端发送数据</li><li>Query：连接线程正在执行查询</li><li>Locked：线程正在等待表锁的释放</li><li>Sorting result：线程正在对结果进行排序</li><li>Sending data：向请求端返回数据</li></ul><p>完整状态列表说明请见官网<a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/general-thread-states.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">地址</a></p><h3 id="_2-查询缓存" tabindex="-1">2.查询缓存 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-查询缓存" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.查询缓存&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在解析一个查询语句之前，==如果查询缓存是打开的==(默认是关闭的,浪费性能)，那么MySQL会优先检查这个查询是否命中查询缓存中的数据，如果命中缓存直接从缓存中拿到结果并返回给客户端。这种情况下，查询不会被解析，不用生成执行计划，不会被执行。</p><p>可以使用<code>show variables like &#39;query_cache%&#39;</code>来查看缓存的设置情况</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-02_13-09-03.png" alt="Snipaste_20210302_130903"> 如图,<code>query_cache_type</code>一栏时OFF关闭状态,如要开启可以修改my.cnf文件设置query_cache_type=1</p><p>query_cache_type=0时表示关闭，1时表示打开，2表示只要select 中明确指定SQL_CACHE才缓存。</p><h3 id="_3-解析、预处理、优化阶段" tabindex="-1">3.解析、预处理、优化阶段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-解析、预处理、优化阶段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.解析、预处理、优化阶段&quot;">​</a></h3><p>MySQL通过关键字将SQL语句进行解析，并生成一棵对应的“解析树”。MySQL解析器将使用MySQL语法规则验证和解析查询。语法树被校验合法后由优化器转成查询计划，一条语句可以有很多种执行方式，最后返回相同的结果。优化器的作用就是找到这其中最好的执行计划。</p><p>执行计划可以用==explain==命令查看，详见后文。</p><h3 id="_4-查询执行引擎" tabindex="-1">4.查询执行引擎 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-查询执行引擎" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.查询执行引擎&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在解析和优化阶段，MySQL将生成查询对应的执行计划，MySQL的查询执行引擎则根据这个执行计划来完成整个查询。最常使用的也是比较最多的引擎是MyISAM引擎和InnoDB引擎。mysql5.5开始的默认存储引擎已经变更为innodb。</p><h2 id="慢查询" tabindex="-1">慢查询 <a class="header-anchor" href="#慢查询" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;慢查询&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以使用<code>show variable like &#39;long_query_time&#39;</code>命令来查看慢查询的时间</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-02_13-49-03.png" alt="Snipaste_20210302_134903.png"></p><p>可以看到MySQL中默认的慢查询为10s，然而这个时间属于根本无法接受的地步了,可以将这个时间设置为业务可以接受的范围.</p><p>一般的慢SQL定位:业务驱动,测试驱动,慢查询日志</p><h3 id="开启慢查询日志" tabindex="-1">开启慢查询日志 <a class="header-anchor" href="#开启慢查询日志" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;开启慢查询日志&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>SHOW VARIABLES LIKE &#39;SLOW_QUERY_LOG&#39;</code>命令查看是否开启了慢查询日志保存</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-02_13-55-29.png" alt="Snipaste_20210302_135529.png"></p><p>可以看到默认是没有开启的</p><p>可以使用以下命令开启保存慢查询日志(==重启mysql后会失效==)</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> slow_query_log </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 打开慢日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> slow_query_log_file </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/var/lib/mysql/test-slow.log&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">--慢日志保存位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> log_queries_not_using_indexes </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 没有命中索引的是否要记录慢日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> long_query_time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (秒) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 执行时间超过多少为慢日志</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> slow_query_log </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 打开慢日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> slow_query_log_file </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/var/lib/mysql/test-slow.log&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">--慢日志保存位置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> log_queries_not_using_indexes </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 没有命中索引的是否要记录慢日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">global</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> long_query_time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (秒) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 执行时间超过多少为慢日志</span></span></code></pre></div><p>或者直接修改my.cnf文件添加相应配置后重启mysql(==永久生效==)</p><h2 id="explain命令" tabindex="-1">Explain命令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#explain命令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Explain命令&quot;">​</a></h2><p>EXPLAIN可以帮助开发人员分析SQL问题，EXPLAIN显示了MySQL如何使用使用SQL执行计划，可以帮助开发人员写出更优化的查询语句。使用方法，在select语句前加上Explain就可以了</p><p>例如:<code>EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM ARTICLE WHERE ARTICLE_ID = &#39;1&#39;</code></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-02_14-58-46.png" alt="Snipaste_20210302_145846.png"> 结果列说明:</p><h3 id="_1-id" tabindex="-1">1.id <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-id" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.id&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这是SELECT的查询序列号,表示查询中执行select子句或操作表的顺序,id相同，执行顺序从上到下,id不同，id值越大执行优先级越高</p><h3 id="_2-select-type" tabindex="-1">2.select_type <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-select-type" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.select_type&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示SELECT语句的类型</p><ul><li><p>SIMPLE:简单的select查询(不使用连接查询或者子查询)</p></li><li><p>PRIMARY:表示主查询，或者是最外层的查询语句，最外层查询为PRIMARY，也就是最后加载的就是PRIMARY</p></li><li><p>UNION:表示连接查询的第二个或者后面的查询语句,不依赖外部查询的结果集</p></li><li><p>DEPENDENT UNION:union中的第二个或后面的select语句，取决于外面的查询。</p></li><li><p>UNION RESULT:连接查询的结果；</p></li><li><p>SUBQUERY:子查询中的第1个SELECT语句；不依赖于外部查询的结果集</p></li><li><p>DEPENDENT SUBQUERY:子查询中的第1个SELECT，依赖于外面的查询；</p></li><li><p>DERIVED:导出表的SELECT（FROM子句的子查询）,MySQL会递归执行这些子查询，把结果放在临时表里</p></li><li><p>DEPENDENT DERIVED:派生表依赖于另一个表</p></li><li><p>MATERIALIZED:物化子查询</p></li><li><p>UNCACHEABLE SUBQUERY:子查询，其结果无法缓存，必须针对外部查询的每一行重新进行评估</p></li><li><p>UNCACHEABLE UNION:UNION中的第二个或随后的 select 查询，属于不可缓存的子查询</p></li></ul><h3 id="_3-table" tabindex="-1">3.table <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-table" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.table&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示查询的表</p><h3 id="_4-type" tabindex="-1">4.type <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-type" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.type&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示表的连接类型,从最好到最差的连接类型为</p><p>system &gt; const &gt; eq_ref &gt; ref &gt; ref_or_null &gt; index_merge &gt; unique_subquery &gt; index_subquery &gt; range &gt; index &gt; ALL</p><ol><li><p><strong>system</strong>：表仅有一行，这是const类型的特列，平时不会出现，这个也可以忽略不计。</p></li><li><p><strong>const</strong>：数据表最多只有一个匹配行，因为只匹配一行数据，所以很快</p></li><li><p><strong>eq_ref</strong>：mysql手册是这样说的:&quot;对于每个来自于前面的表的行组合，从该表中读取一行。这可能是最好的联接类型，除了const类型。它用在一个索引的所有部分被联接使用并且索引是UNIQUE或PRIMARY KEY&quot;。eq_ref可以用于使用=比较带索引的列。</p></li><li><p><strong>ref</strong>：查询条件索引既不是UNIQUE也不是PRIMARY KEY的情况。ref可用于=或&lt;或&gt;操作符的带索引的列。</p></li><li><p><strong>ref_or_null</strong>：该连接类型如同ref，但是添加了MySQL可以专门搜索包含NULL值的行。在解决子查询中经常使用该联接类型的优化。</p></li><li><p><strong>index_merge</strong>：该连接类型表示使用了索引合并优化方法。在这种情况下，key列包含了使用的索引的清单，key_len包含了使用的索引的最长的关键元素。</p></li><li><p><strong>unique_subquery</strong>：该类型替换了下面形式的IN子查询的ref: value IN (SELECT primary_key FROM single_table WHERE some_expr) unique_subquery是一个索引查找函数,可以完全替换子查询,效率更高。</p></li><li><p><strong>index_subquery</strong>：该连接类型类似于unique_subquery。可以替换IN子查询,但只适合下列形式的子查询中的非唯一索引: value IN (SELECT key_column FROM single_table WHERE some_expr)</p></li><li><p><strong>range</strong>：只检索给定范围的行,使用一个索引来选择行。key列显示使用了哪个索引。key_len包含所使用索引的最长关键元素。当使用＝、＜＞、＞、＞＝、＜、＜＝、IS NULL、＜＝＞、BETWEEN或者IN操作符用常量比较关键字列时，类型为range</p></li><li><p><strong>index</strong>：该连接类型与ALL相同,除了只有索引树被扫描。通常比ALL快,因为索引文件通常比数据文件小。</p><p>这个类型发生在这两种方式：</p><p>**1)**如果索引是查询的覆盖索引，并且可用于满足表中所需的所有数据，则仅扫描索引树。在这种情况下，Extra列显示为 Using index</p><p>**2)**使用对索引的读取执行全表扫描，以按索引顺序查找数据行。 Uses index没有出现在 Extra列中。</p></li><li><p><strong>ALL</strong>：对于每个来自于先前的表的行组合,进行完整的表扫描。（性能最差）</p></li></ol><h3 id="_5-possible-keys" tabindex="-1">5.possible_keys <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-possible-keys" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.possible_keys&quot;">​</a></h3><p>指MySQL能使用哪个索引在该表中找到行。如果为空，没有相关的索引。这时如果要提升性能，可以通过检验WHERE子句，看它是否引用某些列或适合索引的列来提高查询性能。如果是这样，可以创建适合的索引来提高查询的性能。</p><h3 id="_6-key" tabindex="-1">6.key <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-key" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.key&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示查询实际使用的索引，如果没有选择索引，该列的值是NULL。如果为primary的话，表示使用了主键。要想强制MySQL使用或忽视possible_keys列中的索引，在查询中使用FORCE INDEX、USE INDEX或者IGNORE INDEX</p><h3 id="_7-key-len" tabindex="-1">7.key_len <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-key-len" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.key_len&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示MySQL选择的索引字段按字节计算的长度，若键是NULL，则长度为NULL。通过key_len值可以确定MySQL将实际使用一个多列索引中的几个字段</p><h3 id="_8-ref" tabindex="-1">8.ref <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-ref" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;8.ref&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示使用哪个列或常数与索引一起来查询记录。</p><h3 id="_9-rows" tabindex="-1">9.rows <a class="header-anchor" href="#_9-rows" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;9.rows&quot;">​</a></h3><p>显示MySQL在表中进行查询时必须检查的行数。</p><h3 id="_10-extra" tabindex="-1">10.extra <a class="header-anchor" href="#_10-extra" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;10.extra&quot;">​</a></h3><p>表示MySQL在处理查询时的详细信息</p><ul><li>Distinct:MySQL发现第1个匹配行后,停止为当前的行组合搜索更多的行。</li><li>Not exists:MySQL能够对查询进行LEFT JOIN优化,发现1个匹配LEFT JOIN标准的行后,不再为前面的的行组合在该表内检查更多的行。</li><li>range checked for each record (index map: #):MySQL没有发现好的可以使用的索引,但发现如果来自前面的表的列值已知,可能部分索引可以使用。</li><li>Using filesort:MySQL需要额外的一次传递,以找出如何按排序顺序检索行。</li><li>Using index:从只使用索引树中的信息而不需要进一步搜索读取实际的行来检索表中的列信息。</li><li>Using temporary:为了解决查询,MySQL需要创建一个临时表来容纳结果。</li><li>Using where:WHERE 子句用于限制哪一个行匹配下一个表或发送到客户。</li><li>Using sort_union(...), Using union(...), Using intersect(...):这些函数说明如何为index_merge联接类型合并索引扫描。</li><li>Using index for group-by:类似于访问表的Using index方式,Using index for group-by表示MySQL发现了一个索引,可以用来查 询GROUP BY或DISTINCT查询的所有列,而不要额外搜索硬盘访问实际的表。</li></ul><p><strong>贴一个美团技术团队的文章:<a href="https://tech.meituan.com/2014/06/30/mysql-index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MySQL索引原理及慢查询优化</a>,以下内容引用自该文章</strong></p><h2 id="建索引的几大原则" tabindex="-1">建索引的几大原则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#建索引的几大原则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;建索引的几大原则&quot;">​</a></h2><p>1.最左前缀匹配原则，非常重要的原则，mysql会一直向右匹配直到遇到范围查询(&gt;、&lt;、between、like)就停止匹配，比如a = 1 and b = 2 and c &gt; 3 and d = 4 如果建立(a,b,c,d)顺序的索引，d是用不到索引的，如果建立(a,b,d,c)的索引则都可以用到，a,b,d的顺序可以任意调整。</p><p>2.=和in可以乱序，比如a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3 建立(a,b,c)索引可以任意顺序，mysql的查询优化器会帮你优化成索引可以识别的形式。</p><p>3.尽量选择区分度高的列作为索引，区分度的公式是count(distinct col)/count(*)，表示字段不重复的比例，比例越大我们扫描的记录数越少，唯一键的区分度是1，而一些状态、性别字段可能在大数据面前区分度就是0，那可能有人会问，这个比例有什么经验值吗？使用场景不同，这个值也很难确定，一般需要join的字段我们都要求是0.1以上，即平均1条扫描10条记录。</p><p>4.索引列不能参与计算，保持列“干净”，比如from_unixtime(create_time) = ’2014-05-29’就不能使用到索引，原因很简单，b+树中存的都是数据表中的字段值，但进行检索时，需要把所有元素都应用函数才能比较，显然成本太大。所以语句应该写成create_time = unix_timestamp(’2014-05-29’)。</p><p>5.尽量的扩展索引，不要新建索引。比如表中已经有a的索引，现在要加(a,b)的索引，那么只需要修改原来的索引即可。</p><h2 id="慢查询优化基本步骤" tabindex="-1">慢查询优化基本步骤 <a class="header-anchor" href="#慢查询优化基本步骤" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;慢查询优化基本步骤&quot;">​</a></h2><p>0.先运行看看是否真的很慢，注意设置SQL_NO_CACHE</p><p>1.where条件单表查，锁定最小返回记录表。这句话的意思是把查询语句的where都应用到表中返回的记录数最小的表开始查起，单表每个字段分别查询，看哪个字段的区分度最高</p><p>2.explain查看执行计划，是否与1预期一致（从锁定记录较少的表开始查询）</p><p>3.order by limit 形式的sql语句让排序的表优先查</p><p>4.了解业务方使用场景</p><p>5.加索引时参照建索引的几大原则</p><p>6.观察结果，不符合预期继续从0分析</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/database/SQL优化学习.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/database/MySql%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>MySql索引</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_devtool_Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="maven的生命周期" tabindex="-1">Maven的生命周期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#maven的生命周期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Maven的生命周期&quot;">​</a></h1><p>maven共有三个标准生命周期：</p><ul><li><p>clean：项目清理的处理</p></li><li><p>default：项目部署的处理</p></li><li><p>site：站点文件生成的处理</p></li></ul><h2 id="maven的构建生命周期" tabindex="-1">Maven的构建生命周期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#maven的构建生命周期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Maven的构建生命周期&quot;">​</a></h2><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">阶段</th><th style="text-align:left;">处理</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">验证 validate</td><td style="text-align:left;">验证项目</td><td style="text-align:left;">验证项目是否正确且所有必须信息是可用的</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">编译 compile</td><td style="text-align:left;">执行编译</td><td style="text-align:left;">源代码编译在此阶段完成</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">测试 Test</td><td style="text-align:left;">测试</td><td style="text-align:left;">使用适当的单元测试框架（例如JUnit）运行测试。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">包装 package</td><td style="text-align:left;">打包</td><td style="text-align:left;">创建JAR/WAR包如在 pom.xml 中定义提及的包</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">检查 verify</td><td style="text-align:left;">检查</td><td style="text-align:left;">对集成测试的结果进行检查，以保证质量达标</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">安装 install</td><td style="text-align:left;">安装</td><td style="text-align:left;">安装打包的项目到本地仓库，以供其他项目使用</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">部署 deploy</td><td style="text-align:left;">部署</td><td style="text-align:left;">拷贝最终的工程包到远程仓库中，以共享给其他开发人员和工程</td></tr></tbody></table><p>平常用到最多的是mvn clean package或者mvn install，两者都会在target生成最终的jar或war文件，区别在于install命令还会将生成的jar或war包安装至本地仓库。而当需要跨项目引用jar包时，我们需要把自己的jar包上传至maven私服（远程仓库）中，之前还傻傻的直接动手去maven私服手动上传jar包，不过相比于mvn deploy肯定是麻烦很多的，maven的deploy可以很方便的将我们工程中的jar发布至maven私服中方便团队间的jar包共享。</p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>当deploy快照版本时，maven会给快照打上时间戳以区分快照的版本，因为快照可能会频繁变更。maven会以包名是否包含SNAPSHOT来判断是否快照。</p></div><h2 id="clean-生命周期" tabindex="-1">Clean 生命周期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#clean-生命周期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Clean 生命周期&quot;">​</a></h2><p>当我们执行 mvn post-clean 命令时，Maven 调用 clean 生命周期，它包含以下阶段：</p><ul><li>pre-clean：执行一些需要在clean之前完成的工作</li><li>clean：移除所有上一次构建生成的文件</li><li>post-clean：执行一些需要在clean之后立刻完成的工作</li></ul><p>mvn clean 中的 clean 就是上面的 clean，在一个生命周期中，运行某个阶段的时候，它之前的所有阶段都会被运行，也就是说，如果执行 mvn clean 将运行以下两个生命周期阶段：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">pre-clean, clean</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">pre-clean, clean</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果我们运行 mvn post-clean ，则运行以下三个生命周期阶段：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">pre-clean, clean, post-clean</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">pre-clean, clean, post-clean</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="site-生命周期" tabindex="-1">Site 生命周期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#site-生命周期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Site 生命周期&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Maven Site 插件一般用来创建新的报告文档、部署站点等。</p><ul><li>pre-site：执行一些需要在生成站点文档之前完成的工作</li><li>site：生成项目的站点文档</li><li>post-site： 执行一些需要在生成站点文档之后完成的工作，并且为部署做准备</li><li>site-deploy：将生成的站点文档部署到特定的服务器上</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/devtool/Maven的生命周期.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_devtool_nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录" tabindex="-1">nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录&quot;">​</a></h1><p>maven私服突然无法下载依赖，在idea中使用命令查看下详细错误信息<code>mvn clean install -U -e -X</code></p><p>Client报错信息：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Caused by: org.eclipse.aether.transfer.ArtifactTransferException: Could not transfer artifact org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.4.1 from/to nexus (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx): GET request of: org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar from nexus failed</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Caused by: org.eclipse.aether.transfer.ArtifactTransferException: Could not transfer artifact org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.4.1 from/to nexus (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx): GET request of: org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar from nexus failed</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Could not transfer artifact org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.4.1 from/to nexus (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx): GET request of: org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar from nexus failed: Premature end of Content-Length delimited message body (expected: 1,302,347; received: 76,515) -&gt; [Help 1]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Could not transfer artifact org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.4.1 from/to nexus (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx): GET request of: org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar from nexus failed: Premature end of Content-Length delimited message body (expected: 1,302,347; received: 76,515) -&gt; [Help 1]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>服务端错误日志：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2022-04-10 16:51:14,488+0800 INFO  [qtp1752276351-145] *UNKNOWN org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.AbstractValidatingSessionManager - Enabling session validation scheduler...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2022-04-10 16:51:14,502+0800 INFO  [qtp1752276351-51] *UNKNOWN org.sonatype.nexus.internal.security.anonymous.AnonymousManagerImpl - Loaded configuration: AnonymousConfiguration{enabled=false, userId=&#39;anonymous&#39;, realmName=&#39;NexusAuthorizingRealm&#39;}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2022-04-10 16:51:15,233+0800 WARN  [qtp1752276351-48] deployment org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet - Failure servicing: GET /repository/maven-public/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">org.eclipse.jetty.io.EofException: null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint.flush(ChannelEndPoint.java:284)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.WriteFlusher.flush(WriteFlusher.java:393)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.WriteFlusher.write(WriteFlusher.java:277)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractEndPoint.write(AbstractEndPoint.java:380)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection$SendCallback.process(HttpConnection.java:826)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.IteratingCallback.processing(IteratingCallback.java:241)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.IteratingCallback.iterate(IteratingCallback.java:224)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.send(HttpConnection.java:550)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.sendResponse(HttpChannel.java:850)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.write(HttpChannel.java:921)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:249)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:225)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:524)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.common.io.ByteStreams.copy(ByteStreams.java:113)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.view.Payload.copy(Payload.java:61)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.view.Content.copy(Content.java:116)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.DefaultHttpResponseSender.send(DefaultHttpResponseSender.java:81)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.dispatchAndSend(ViewServlet.java:228)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.doService(ViewServlet.java:174)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.service(ViewServlet.java:126)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.doServiceImpl(ServletDefinition.java:286)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.doService(ServletDefinition.java:276)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.service(ServletDefinition.java:181)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.DynamicServletPipeline.service(DynamicServletPipeline.java:71)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:85)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:112)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:61)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.executeChain(AbstractShiroFilter.java:449)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.security.SecurityFilter.executeChain(SecurityFilter.java:85)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter$1.call(AbstractShiroFilter.java:365)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.doCall(SubjectCallable.java:90)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.call(SubjectCallable.java:83)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.execute(DelegatingSubject.java:383)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.doFilterInternal(AbstractShiroFilter.java:362)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.security.SecurityFilter.doFilterInternal(SecurityFilter.java:101)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ExhaustRequestFilter.doFilter(ExhaustRequestFilter.java:80)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.sonatype.nexus.licensing.internal.LicensingRedirectFilter.doFilter(LicensingRedirectFilter.java:114)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.codahale.metrics.servlet.AbstractInstrumentedFilter.doFilter(AbstractInstrumentedFilter.java:112)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:79)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.EnvironmentFilter.doFilter(EnvironmentFilter.java:101)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.HeaderPatternFilter.doFilter(HeaderPatternFilter.java:98)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.DynamicFilterPipeline.dispatch(DynamicFilterPipeline.java:104)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.GuiceFilter.doFilter(GuiceFilter.java:135)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.bootstrap.osgi.DelegatingFilter.doFilter(DelegatingFilter.java:73)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$CachedChain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1602)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doHandle(ServletHandler.java:540)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:146)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle(SecurityHandler.java:548)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:257)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doHandle(SessionHandler.java:1700)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:255)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doHandle(ContextHandler.java:1345)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:203)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doScope(ServletHandler.java:480)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doScope(SessionHandler.java:1667)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:201)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doScope(ContextHandler.java:1247)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:144)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at com.codahale.metrics.jetty9.InstrumentedHandler.handle(InstrumentedHandler.java:239)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerCollection.handle(HandlerCollection.java:152)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.handle(Server.java:505)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.handle(HttpChannel.java:370)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.onFillable(HttpConnection.java:267)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractConnection$ReadCallback.succeeded(AbstractConnection.java:305)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:103)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint$2.run(ChannelEndPoint.java:117)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.runTask(EatWhatYouKill.java:333)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.doProduce(EatWhatYouKill.java:310)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.tryProduce(EatWhatYouKill.java:168)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.run(EatWhatYouKill.java:126)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.ReservedThreadExecutor$ReservedThread.run(ReservedThreadExecutor.java:366)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool.runJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:698)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$Runner.run(QueuedThreadPool.java:804)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">Caused by: java.io.IOException: Connection reset by peer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at sun.nio.ch.FileDispatcherImpl.write0(Native Method)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at sun.nio.ch.SocketDispatcher.write(SocketDispatcher.java:47)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.writeFromNativeBuffer(IOUtil.java:93)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.write(IOUtil.java:51)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.write(SocketChannelImpl.java:471)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint.flush(ChannelEndPoint.java:262)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">	... 102 common frames omitted</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2022-04-10 16:51:14,488+0800 INFO  [qtp1752276351-145] *UNKNOWN org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.AbstractValidatingSessionManager - Enabling session validation scheduler...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2022-04-10 16:51:14,502+0800 INFO  [qtp1752276351-51] *UNKNOWN org.sonatype.nexus.internal.security.anonymous.AnonymousManagerImpl - Loaded configuration: AnonymousConfiguration{enabled=false, userId=&#39;anonymous&#39;, realmName=&#39;NexusAuthorizingRealm&#39;}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2022-04-10 16:51:15,233+0800 WARN  [qtp1752276351-48] deployment org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet - Failure servicing: GET /repository/maven-public/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.4.1/spring-boot-2.4.1.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">org.eclipse.jetty.io.EofException: null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint.flush(ChannelEndPoint.java:284)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.WriteFlusher.flush(WriteFlusher.java:393)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.WriteFlusher.write(WriteFlusher.java:277)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractEndPoint.write(AbstractEndPoint.java:380)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection$SendCallback.process(HttpConnection.java:826)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.IteratingCallback.processing(IteratingCallback.java:241)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.IteratingCallback.iterate(IteratingCallback.java:224)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.send(HttpConnection.java:550)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.sendResponse(HttpChannel.java:850)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.write(HttpChannel.java:921)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:249)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:225)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpOutput.write(HttpOutput.java:524)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.common.io.ByteStreams.copy(ByteStreams.java:113)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.view.Payload.copy(Payload.java:61)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.view.Content.copy(Content.java:116)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.DefaultHttpResponseSender.send(DefaultHttpResponseSender.java:81)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.dispatchAndSend(ViewServlet.java:228)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.doService(ViewServlet.java:174)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ViewServlet.service(ViewServlet.java:126)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.doServiceImpl(ServletDefinition.java:286)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.doService(ServletDefinition.java:276)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.ServletDefinition.service(ServletDefinition.java:181)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.DynamicServletPipeline.service(DynamicServletPipeline.java:71)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:85)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:112)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:61)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.executeChain(AbstractShiroFilter.java:449)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.security.SecurityFilter.executeChain(SecurityFilter.java:85)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter$1.call(AbstractShiroFilter.java:365)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.doCall(SubjectCallable.java:90)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.call(SubjectCallable.java:83)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.execute(DelegatingSubject.java:383)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.doFilterInternal(AbstractShiroFilter.java:362)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.security.SecurityFilter.doFilterInternal(SecurityFilter.java:101)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.repository.httpbridge.internal.ExhaustRequestFilter.doFilter(ExhaustRequestFilter.java:80)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.sonatype.nexus.licensing.internal.LicensingRedirectFilter.doFilter(LicensingRedirectFilter.java:114)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.codahale.metrics.servlet.AbstractInstrumentedFilter.doFilter(AbstractInstrumentedFilter.java:112)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:79)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.EnvironmentFilter.doFilter(EnvironmentFilter.java:101)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.internal.web.HeaderPatternFilter.doFilter(HeaderPatternFilter.java:98)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.FilterChainInvocation.doFilter(FilterChainInvocation.java:82)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.DynamicFilterPipeline.dispatch(DynamicFilterPipeline.java:104)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.google.inject.servlet.GuiceFilter.doFilter(GuiceFilter.java:135)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.sonatype.nexus.bootstrap.osgi.DelegatingFilter.doFilter(DelegatingFilter.java:73)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$CachedChain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1602)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doHandle(ServletHandler.java:540)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:146)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle(SecurityHandler.java:548)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:257)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doHandle(SessionHandler.java:1700)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:255)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doHandle(ContextHandler.java:1345)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:203)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doScope(ServletHandler.java:480)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doScope(SessionHandler.java:1667)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:201)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doScope(ContextHandler.java:1247)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:144)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at com.codahale.metrics.jetty9.InstrumentedHandler.handle(InstrumentedHandler.java:239)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerCollection.handle(HandlerCollection.java:152)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:132)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.handle(Server.java:505)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.handle(HttpChannel.java:370)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.onFillable(HttpConnection.java:267)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractConnection$ReadCallback.succeeded(AbstractConnection.java:305)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:103)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint$2.run(ChannelEndPoint.java:117)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.runTask(EatWhatYouKill.java:333)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.doProduce(EatWhatYouKill.java:310)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.tryProduce(EatWhatYouKill.java:168)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.run(EatWhatYouKill.java:126)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.ReservedThreadExecutor$ReservedThread.run(ReservedThreadExecutor.java:366)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool.runJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:698)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$Runner.run(QueuedThreadPool.java:804)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">Caused by: java.io.IOException: Connection reset by peer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at sun.nio.ch.FileDispatcherImpl.write0(Native Method)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at sun.nio.ch.SocketDispatcher.write(SocketDispatcher.java:47)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.writeFromNativeBuffer(IOUtil.java:93)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.write(IOUtil.java:51)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.write(SocketChannelImpl.java:471)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint.flush(ChannelEndPoint.java:262)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">	... 102 common frames omitted</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="解决" tabindex="-1">解决 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解决" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解决&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410223038569.png" alt="image-20220410223038569"></p><p>在nginx的location配置中增加<code>proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;</code></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/devtool/nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Maven的生命周期</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/java/framework/netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>spring-session实现集群session共享</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" 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href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8spring%20validation%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用spring validation进行参数校验</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%B7%A8%E5%9F%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_ConfigurationProperties%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="configurationproperties注解" tabindex="-1">ConfigurationProperties注解 <a class="header-anchor" href="#configurationproperties注解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ConfigurationProperties注解&quot;">​</a></h1><p>@ConfigurationProperties注解可以从外部获取配置信息，并将其绑定到JavaBean中。</p><h2 id="原理" tabindex="-1">原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原理&quot;">​</a></h2><p>SpringBoot可以让配置信息外部化，支持的配置有多种，最常见的<code>.properties</code>、<code>.yaml</code>文件，启动时命令行参数<code>--xxx</code>、系统环境变量、Java系统属性(System.getProperties())...</p><p>@ConfigurationProperties注解的功能由ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor这个后置处理器实现，spring容器中的<code>enviroment.propertySources</code>记录着外部的属性值，properties后置处理器会从中找到匹配的值绑定到JavaBean中。</p><p>属性的绑定是会被覆盖的，排序靠后的会覆盖靠前的，即越靠后的优先级越高。（os环境变量可以覆盖application.properties,java系统属性可以覆盖系统环境变量，命令行参数可以覆盖java系统属性...)</p><p>这些配置的方式和可以参照spring boot官方文档：</p><blockquote><p><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config</a></p><h2 id="_2-externalized-configuration" tabindex="-1">2. Externalized Configuration <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-externalized-configuration" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2. Externalized Configuration&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Spring Boot lets you externalize your configuration so that you can work with the same application code in different environments. You can use a variety of external configuration sources, include Java properties files, YAML files, environment variables, and command-line arguments.</p><p>Property values can be injected directly into your beans by using the <code>@Value</code> annotation, accessed through Spring’s <code>Environment</code> abstraction, or be <a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config.typesafe-configuration-properties" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">bound to structured objects</a> through <code>@ConfigurationProperties</code>.</p><p>Spring Boot uses a very particular <code>PropertySource</code> order that is designed to allow sensible overriding of values. Properties are considered in the following order (with values from lower items overriding earlier ones):</p><ol><li>Default properties (specified by setting <code>SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties</code>).</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.3.21/javadoc-api/org/springframework/context/annotation/PropertySource.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>@PropertySource</code></a> annotations on your <code>@Configuration</code> classes. Please note that such property sources are not added to the <code>Environment</code> until the application context is being refreshed. This is too late to configure certain properties such as <code>logging.*</code> and <code>spring.main.*</code> which are read before refresh begins.</li><li>Config data (such as <code>application.properties</code> files).</li><li>A <code>RandomValuePropertySource</code> that has properties only in <code>random.*</code>.</li><li>OS environment variables.</li><li>Java System properties (<code>System.getProperties()</code>).</li><li>JNDI attributes from <code>java:comp/env</code>.</li><li><code>ServletContext</code> init parameters.</li><li><code>ServletConfig</code> init parameters.</li><li>Properties from <code>SPRING_APPLICATION_JSON</code> (inline JSON embedded in an environment variable or system property).</li><li>Command line arguments.</li><li><code>properties</code> attribute on your tests. Available on <a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.7.1/api/org/springframework/boot/test/context/SpringBootTest.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>@SpringBootTest</code></a> and the <a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.testing.spring-boot-applications.autoconfigured-tests" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">test annotations for testing a particular slice of your application</a>.</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.3.21/javadoc-api/org/springframework/test/context/TestPropertySource.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>@TestPropertySource</code></a> annotations on your tests.</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/using.html#using.devtools.globalsettings" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Devtools global settings properties</a> in the <code>$HOME/.config/spring-boot</code> directory when devtools is active.</li></ol><p>Config data files are considered in the following order:</p><ol><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config.files" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Application properties</a> packaged inside your jar (<code>application.properties</code> and YAML variants).</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config.files.profile-specific" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Profile-specific application properties</a> packaged inside your jar (<code>application-{profile}.properties</code> and YAML variants).</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config.files" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Application properties</a> outside of your packaged jar (<code>application.properties</code> and YAML variants).</li><li><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/features.html#features.external-config.files.profile-specific" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Profile-specific application properties</a> outside of your packaged jar (<code>application-{profile}.properties</code> and YAML variants).</li></ol></blockquote><h3 id="系统环境变量的方式" tabindex="-1">系统环境变量的方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#系统环境变量的方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;系统环境变量的方式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这里通过系统环境变量的绑定方式大致记录下，因为java应用的docker镜像通常使用这种方式，例如docker启动指令里加上<code>-e xxx=xxx</code>，就是在指定docker容器的系统环境变量。比较常见的<code>-e JAVA_OPTS=xxx</code> ,因为java应用的镜像通常entrypoint都是<code>sh -c java $JAVA_OPTS xxx.jar</code>。</p><p>上文中<code>enviroment.propertySources</code>会读取外部的配置，系统环境变量是通过<code>System.getenv()</code>获取的，通过docker指令给镜像添加了系统环境变量后，就会通过这种方式绑定到java应用的配置类中。</p><h3 id="但是" tabindex="-1">但是 <a class="header-anchor" href="#但是" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;但是&quot;">​</a></h3><p>通过docker指令配置系统环境变量的方式，参数的命名需要做对应的调整，例如:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ConfigurationProperties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">prefix</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ConfigurationProperties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">prefix</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果是通过<code>.properties</code>文件来配置那么文件中应该是<code>user.name=xxx</code>,如果是通过linux系统环境变量的方式，则环境变量中应该是<code>USER_NAME=xxx</code>.这是因为不同操作系统对环境变量的命名规则都有严格的要求，spring boot的宽松绑定规则要尽可能兼容不同系统的限制.</p><p>linux shell变量的命名规则：可以<code>a-zA-Z0-9</code>，可以下划线<code>_</code>,按照惯例，变量名都是大写的。所以，通过环境变量读取java配置时，应该遵循的原则</p><ul><li><p>将<code>.</code>替换为<code>_</code></p></li><li><p>删除所有破折号<code>-</code></p></li><li><p>变量名转为大写</p></li></ul><p>例：<code>spring.main.log-startup-info</code> -&gt; <code>SPRING_MAIN_LOGSTARTUPINFO</code></p><blockquote><h5 id="binding-from-environment-variables" tabindex="-1">Binding from Environment Variables <a class="header-anchor" href="#binding-from-environment-variables" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Binding from Environment Variables&quot;">​</a></h5><p>Most operating systems impose strict rules around the names that can be used for environment variables. For example, Linux shell variables can contain only letters (<code>a</code> to <code>z</code> or <code>A</code> to <code>Z</code>), numbers (<code>0</code> to <code>9</code>) or the underscore character (<code>_</code>). By convention, Unix shell variables will also have their names in UPPERCASE.</p><p>Spring Boot’s relaxed binding rules are, as much as possible, designed to be compatible with these naming restrictions.</p><p>To convert a property name in the canonical-form to an environment variable name you can follow these rules:</p><ul><li>Replace dots (<code>.</code>) with underscores (<code>_</code>).</li><li>Remove any dashes (<code>-</code>).</li><li>Convert to uppercase.</li></ul><p>For example, the configuration property <code>spring.main.log-startup-info</code> would be an environment variable named <code>SPRING_MAIN_LOGSTARTUPINFO</code>.</p><p>Environment variables can also be used when binding to object lists. To bind to a <code>List</code>, the element number should be surrounded with underscores in the variable name.</p><p>For example, the configuration property <code>my.service[0].other</code> would use an environment variable named <code>MY_SERVICE_0_OTHER</code>.</p></blockquote></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/ConfigurationProperties注解.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/base/Java8%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Java8新特性回顾</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/JavaSPI%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%92%8CSpringboot%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E8%A3%85%E9%85%8D%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/java/framework/netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>spring-session实现集群session共享</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" 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href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8spring%20validation%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用spring validation进行参数校验</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%B7%A8%E5%9F%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_JavaSPI%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%92%8CSpringboot%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E8%A3%85%E9%85%8D%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="javaspi机制和springboot自动装配原理" tabindex="-1">JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#javaspi机制和springboot自动装配原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;JavaSPI机制和Springboot自动装配原理&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="spi机制" tabindex="-1">SPI机制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#spi机制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SPI机制&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>SPI（Service Provider Interface）</code>是一种服务发现机制，提供服务接口，且为该接口寻找服务的实现。</p><p>从Java6开始引入，是一种基于ClassLoader类加载器发现并加载服务的机制。</p><p>标准的SPI构成：</p><ul><li>Service：公开的接口或抽象类，定义一个抽象的功能模块</li><li>Service Provider：Service接口/抽象类的具体实现</li><li>ServiceLoader：SPI中的核心组件，负责在<strong>运行时</strong>发现并加载Service Provider</li></ul><h3 id="java-spi的规范要素" tabindex="-1">JAVA SPI的规范要素 <a class="header-anchor" href="#java-spi的规范要素" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;JAVA SPI的规范要素&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>规范的配置文件 <ul><li>文件路径：必须要在JAR中的META-INF/services下</li><li>文件名称：<strong>Service接口</strong>全限定名</li><li>文件内容：<strong>Service实现类</strong>的全限定名，如果有多个，则每个类单独占一行</li></ul></li><li>ServiceProvider必须有无参构造方法，因为要通过反射实例化</li><li>保证能加载到配置文件和ServiceProvider类 <ul><li>将jar包放到classpath下</li><li>jar包安装到jre的扩展目录下</li><li>自定义一个ClassLoader</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="场景" tabindex="-1">场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;场景&quot;">​</a></h3><p>SPI在JDBC中的应用：JDBC要求Driver实现类在类加载的时候将自身的实例注册到DriverManager中，从而加载数据库驱动，在SPI出现之前，加载数据库驱动时要执行<code>Class.forName(&quot;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver&quot;)</code>， 在SPI出现后，只需要引入对应依赖的JAR包后，ServiceLoader会自动去约定的路径下寻找需要加载的类。</p><h4 id="以mysql-connector-java的jar文件为例" tabindex="-1">以mysql-connector-java的jar文件为例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#以mysql-connector-java的jar文件为例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;以mysql-connector-java的jar文件为例&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>配置文件</p></li><li><p>无参构造器</p></li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410224639940.png" alt="image-20220410224639940"></p><h3 id="总结" tabindex="-1">总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#总结" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;总结&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>SPI提供了一种<strong>组件发现和注册的方式</strong>，可以用于各种插件、组件的灵活替换</li><li>可以实现模块间解耦</li><li>面向接口+配置文件+反射</li><li>应用：JDBC、SLF4J。。。</li></ul><h3 id="简单实例" tabindex="-1">简单实例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简单实例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简单实例&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410231011833.png" alt="image-20220410231011833"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410231049522.png" alt="image-20220410231049522"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410231109810.png" alt="image-20220410231109810"></p><p>当spi-company依赖spi-lt时运行main方法：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410231225984.png" alt="image-20220410231225984"></p><p>当spi-company依赖spi-yd时运行main方法：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410231313507.png" alt="image-20220410231313507"></p><h2 id="springboot的自动装配" tabindex="-1">springboot的自动装配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#springboot的自动装配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;springboot的自动装配&quot;">​</a></h2><p>自动装配，即auto-configuration，是基于引入的依赖jar包对springboot应用进行自动配置，提供自动配置的jar包通常以starter结尾，比如mybatis-spring-boot-starter等等。</p><p>springboot默认会扫描项目下所有的配置类并注入到ioc容器中，但集成到其他框架并不能直接注入。为了实现真正的auto configuration，springboot的自动装配也采用了和spi类似的设计思想：</p><ul><li></li></ul><p>使用约定的配置文件：自动装配的配置文件为META-INF/spring.factories，文件内容为org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=class1,class2,..classN，class是自动配置类的类名</p><ul><li>提供自动配置类的jar包中，需要提供配置文件META-INF/spring.factories</li><li>使用ClassLoader的getResource和getResources方法，读取classpath中的配置文件并使用反射实例化</li></ul><p>例如mybatis-spring-boot-starter的包结构：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220410232256701.png" alt="image-20220410232256701"></p><h3 id="总结-1" tabindex="-1">总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#总结-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;总结&quot;">​</a></h3><p>springboot的自动装配核心流程：springboot程序启动，通过spring factories机制加载classpath下的META-INF/spring.factories文件，筛选出所有EnableAutoConfiguration的配置类，反射实例化后注入到springIOC容器中。</p><p>todo：实现一个自定义springboot-starter</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" 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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_Java%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="java日志发展历史" tabindex="-1">Java日志发展历史 <a class="header-anchor" href="#java日志发展历史" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Java日志发展历史&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>最近java社区被log4j2的远程代码执行漏洞引爆了，不过还好我们公司的日志主要用的logback，只有少数几个服务用的log4j2，不过还是因为这个加了会班=.=。而java日志有很多乱七八糟的log4j，log4j2，logback，slf4j，jul。。。</p><p><a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1U44y1E7sE" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1U44y1E7sE</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="日志发展史" tabindex="-1">日志发展史 <a class="header-anchor" href="#日志发展史" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;日志发展史&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="阶段一" tabindex="-1">阶段一 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段一" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段一&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>2001年以前，java是没有日志库的，打印日志全靠<code>System.out</code>，<code>System.err</code></p></blockquote><p>缺点：</p><p>1.产生大量的io操作</p><p>2.输出的内容不能保存到文件</p><p>3.只能打印在控制台，打印完就看不到了</p><p>4.无法定制化，且粒度不够细</p><h3 id="阶段二" tabindex="-1">阶段二 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段二" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段二&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>大佬Ceki Gülcü在2001年开发出了日志库Log4j，后来Log4j成为了Apache项目，Ceki大佬也加入了Apache组织</p></blockquote><p>Apache曾经还建议过SUN公司引入Log4j到java标准库中，但被拒绝了</p><h3 id="阶段三" tabindex="-1">阶段三 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段三" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段三&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>2002年2月JDK1.4发布，SUN推出了自己的日志标准库JUL（Java Util Logging），其实是照着log4j抄的，但是没抄好，在JDK1.5之后性能和可用性才有所提升</p></blockquote><p>由于Log4j比JUL好用，并且比较成熟，所以Log4j更具优势</p><h3 id="阶段四" tabindex="-1">阶段四 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段四" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段四&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>2002年8月Apache推出了JCL（Jakarta Commons Logging），也就是日志抽象层，支持运行时动态加载日志组件的实现，也提供了一个默认实现的Simple Log。</p><p>（在ClassLoader中进行查找，如果能找到Log4j就默认使用Log4j的实现，如果没有则使用JUL实现，再没有则使用JCL内部提供的Simple Log实现）</p></blockquote><p>但是JCL有三个缺点：</p><ol><li>效率较低</li><li>容易引发混乱</li><li>使用了自定义ClassLoader的程序中，会引发内存泄露</li></ol><h3 id="阶段五" tabindex="-1">阶段五 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段五" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段五&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>2006年大佬Ceki Gülcü（Log4j）因为一些原因离开了Apache，之后Ceki觉得JCL不好用，自己重新开发了一套新的日志标准接口规范Slf4j（Simple Logging Facade for Java），也可称为日志门面，很明显Slf4j是为了对标JCL，后面也证明了Slf4j比JCL更加优秀</p></blockquote><p>大佬Ceki提供了一系列的桥接包来帮助Slf4j接口与其他日志库建立关系，这种方式称为桥接设置模式。</p><p>代码使用Slf4j接口，就可以实现日志的统一标准化，后续如果想要更换日志的实现，只需要引入Slf4j和相关的桥接包，再引入具体的日志标准库即可。</p><h3 id="阶段六" tabindex="-1">阶段六 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段六" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段六&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>Ceki大佬觉得市场上的日志标准库都是间接实现Slf4j接口，每次都需要配合桥接包，因此在2016年，Ceki大佬基于Slf4j接口开发出了Logback日志标准库作为Slf4j的默认实现，Logback也十分给力，在功能的完整度和性能上超越了所有已有的日志标准库</p></blockquote><h3 id="阶段七" tabindex="-1">阶段七 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阶段七" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阶段七&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>2012年，Apache推出新项目Log4j2（不兼容Log4j），Log4j2全面借鉴了Slf4j+Logback，虽然log4j2有明显抄袭嫌疑，但是汲取了logback优秀的设计，还解决了一些问题，性能有了极大提升，官方测试是18倍</p></blockquote><p>Log4j2不仅具有Logback的所有特性，还做了分离设计，分为log4j-api和log4j-core，api是日志接口，core是日志标准库，而且Apache也为Log4j2提供了各种桥接包</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/Java日志发展历史.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_Mybatis%20Generator%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="mybatis-generator配置" tabindex="-1">Mybatis Generator配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mybatis-generator配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Mybatis Generator配置&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><ol><li>仓库地址:<a href="https://github.com/mybatis/generator" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/mybatis/generator</a></li><li>官方文档:<a href="http://www.mybatis.org/generator/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://www.mybatis.org/generator/index.html</a></li></ol></blockquote><p>mbg逆向工程能快速生成实体类和mapper文件以及xml，提升开发效率。记录下不同持久层框架对应的mbg配置备忘。</p><ul><li><p>mbg的context标签可以自定义targetRuntime，具体的区别可以在<a href="http://mybatis.org/generator/quickstart.html#target-runtime-information-and-samples%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E3%80%82MyBatis3%EF%BC%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E9%87%8F%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%EF%BC%8C%E4%BC%9A%E6%9C%89byExample%E5%92%8Cselective%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E3%80%82MyBatis3Simple%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E9%87%8F%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%B0%8F%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8D%E4%BC%9A%E6%9C%89byExample%E5%92%8Cselective%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E3%80%82" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://mybatis.org/generator/quickstart.html#target-runtime-information-and-samples查看。MyBatis3，生成的代码量比较大，会有byExample和selective相关的代码生成。MyBatis3Simple生成的代码量比较小，不会有byExample和selective方法生成。</a></p></li><li><p>常用运行方式（还包含 ant、命令行、eclipse）</p><ul><li>java代码</li><li>maven plugin</li></ul></li><li><p>maven依赖</p><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.mybatis.generator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mybatis-generator-core&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1.3.5&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mysql&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mysql-connector-java&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8.0.16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.mybatis.generator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mybatis-generator-core&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1.3.5&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mysql&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mysql-connector-java&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8.0.16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用maven插件时</p><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.mybatis.generator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mybatis-generator-maven-plugin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1.3.5&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configuration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 在控制台打印执行日志 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">verbose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;true&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">verbose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 重复生成时会覆盖之前的文件--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overwrite</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;true&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overwrite</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                 &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configurationFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;src/main/resources/generatorConfig.xml&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configurationFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configuration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mysql&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;mysql-connector-java&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8.0.16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugins</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.mybatis.generator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mybatis-generator-maven-plugin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1.3.5&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configuration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 在控制台打印执行日志 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">verbose</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;true&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">verbose</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 重复生成时会覆盖之前的文件--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overwrite</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;true&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overwrite</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                 &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configurationFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;src/main/resources/generatorConfig.xml&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configurationFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configuration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mysql&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;mysql-connector-java&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8.0.16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugins</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h2 id="通用mapper" tabindex="-1">通用mapper <a class="header-anchor" href="#通用mapper" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通用mapper&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">xml</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#F97583;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">generatorConfiguration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        PUBLIC &quot;-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &quot;http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mysql&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetRuntime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;MyBatis3Simple&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">defaultModelType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;flat&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--property*,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;beginningDelimiter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;`&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;endingDelimiter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;`&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--plugin*,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 为继承的BaseMapper接口添加对应的实现类 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tk.mybatis.mapper.generator.MapperPlugin&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mappers&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cn.xxx.CustomBaseMapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">plugin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--commentGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--&lt;commentGenerator type=&quot;mybatis.generator.MyCommentGenerator&quot;&gt;&lt;/commentGenerator&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--jdbcConnection,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">driverClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">connectionURL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx?autoReconnect=true</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">useUnicode=true</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">characterEncoding=UTF-8</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tinyInt1isBit=false</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">useSSL=false&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">userId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaTypeResolver?, 自定义jdbcType和javaType的映射关系，比如默认的TINYINT会对应Java的Byte类型，如果我们想让TINYINT对应JavaType为Integer就需要在解析类中自定义，这种方式适合源码方式运行mbg，使用maven plugin会比较麻烦--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mybatis.generator.MyJavaTypeResolver&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaModelGenerator,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cn.xxx.dao.entity&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--&lt;property name=&quot;rootClass&quot; value=&quot;xx.BaseEntity&quot;/&gt;  entity会继承的类--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--sqlMapGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mapper&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/resources&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaClientGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cn.superdesk.app.wechat.dao.mapper&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;XMLMAPPER&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--table+--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tb_xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">domainObjectName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;XxEntity&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">generatedKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">column</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;id&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sqlStatement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mysql&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">identity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#22863A;">xml</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">generatorConfiguration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        PUBLIC &quot;-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &quot;http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mysql&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetRuntime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;MyBatis3Simple&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">             </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">defaultModelType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;flat&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--property*,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;beginningDelimiter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;`&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;endingDelimiter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;`&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--plugin*,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 为继承的BaseMapper接口添加对应的实现类 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tk.mybatis.mapper.generator.MapperPlugin&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mappers&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cn.xxx.CustomBaseMapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">plugin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--commentGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--&lt;commentGenerator type=&quot;mybatis.generator.MyCommentGenerator&quot;&gt;&lt;/commentGenerator&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--jdbcConnection,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">driverClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">connectionURL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx?autoReconnect=true</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">useUnicode=true</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">characterEncoding=UTF-8</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">tinyInt1isBit=false</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">useSSL=false&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">userId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">password</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaTypeResolver?, 自定义jdbcType和javaType的映射关系，比如默认的TINYINT会对应Java的Byte类型，如果我们想让TINYINT对应JavaType为Integer就需要在解析类中自定义，这种方式适合源码方式运行mbg，使用maven plugin会比较麻烦--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mybatis.generator.MyJavaTypeResolver&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaModelGenerator,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cn.xxx.dao.entity&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--&lt;property name=&quot;rootClass&quot; value=&quot;xx.BaseEntity&quot;/&gt;  entity会继承的类--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--sqlMapGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mapper&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/resources&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--javaClientGenerator?,--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cn.superdesk.app.wechat.dao.mapper&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;XMLMAPPER&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--table+--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">table</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tb_xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">domainObjectName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;XxEntity&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">generatedKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">column</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;id&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sqlStatement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mysql&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">identity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">table</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>生成的Mapper统一继承的接口</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CustomBaseMapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tk.mybatis.mapper.common.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BaseMapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MySqlMapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">T</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CustomBaseMapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tk.mybatis.mapper.common.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BaseMapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MySqlMapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">T</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>自定义类型解析器</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyJavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; warnings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Properties properties;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Context context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> forceBigDecimals;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; typeMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyJavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Properties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.ARRAY, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ARRAY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.BIGINT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BIGINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Long.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.BINARY, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.BIT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BIT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Boolean.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.BLOB, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.BOOLEAN, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BOOLEAN&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Boolean.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.CHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.CLOB, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.DATALINK, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DATALINK&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.DATE, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DATE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.DISTINCT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DISTINCT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.DOUBLE, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DOUBLE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Double.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.FLOAT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;FLOAT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Double.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.INTEGER, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;INTEGER&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.JAVA_OBJECT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;JAVA_OBJECT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Jdbc4Types.LONGNVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;LONGNVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.LONGVARBINARY, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;LONGVARBINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.LONGVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;LONGVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Jdbc4Types.NCHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Jdbc4Types.NCLOB, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NCLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Jdbc4Types.NVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.NULL, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NULL&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.OTHER, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;OTHER&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.REAL, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;REAL&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Float.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.REF, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;REF&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.SMALLINT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;SMALLINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.STRUCT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;STRUCT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.TIME, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TIME&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.TIMESTAMP, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TIMESTAMP&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.TINYINT, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TINYINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.VARBINARY, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;VARBINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Types.VARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;VARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addConfigurationProperties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Properties </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">properties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">putAll</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(properties);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        forceBigDecimals </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringUtility.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isTrue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(PropertyRegistry.TYPE_RESOLVER_FORCE_BIG_DECIMALS));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">calculateJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            IntrospectedColumn </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">introspectedColumn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        FullyQualifiedJavaType answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.JdbcTypeInformation jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> typeMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Types.DECIMAL</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Types.NUMERIC</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getScale</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLength</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> forceBigDecimals) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(BigDecimal.class</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLength</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Long.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLength</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Short.class.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> jdbcTypeInformation.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">calculateJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(IntrospectedColumn </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">introspectedColumn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.JdbcTypeInformation jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> typeMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Types.DECIMAL</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DECIMAL&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Types.NUMERIC</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;NUMERIC&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> jdbcTypeInformation.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setWarnings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">warnings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.warnings </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> warnings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Context </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.context </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">jdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                   FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">fullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.jdbcTypeName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyJavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; warnings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Properties properties;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Context context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> forceBigDecimals;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; typeMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyJavaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Properties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.ARRAY, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ARRAY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.BIGINT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BIGINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Long.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.BINARY, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.BIT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BIT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Boolean.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.BLOB, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.BOOLEAN, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BOOLEAN&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Boolean.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.CHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.CLOB, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.DATALINK, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DATALINK&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.DATE, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DATE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.DISTINCT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DISTINCT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.DOUBLE, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DOUBLE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Double.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.FLOAT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;FLOAT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Double.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.INTEGER, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;INTEGER&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.JAVA_OBJECT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;JAVA_OBJECT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Jdbc4Types.LONGNVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;LONGNVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.LONGVARBINARY, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;LONGVARBINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.LONGVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;LONGVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Jdbc4Types.NCHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Jdbc4Types.NCLOB, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NCLOB&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Jdbc4Types.NVARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NVARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.NULL, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NULL&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.OTHER, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;OTHER&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.REAL, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;REAL&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Float.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.REF, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;REF&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.SMALLINT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;SMALLINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.STRUCT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;STRUCT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.TIME, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;TIME&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.TIMESTAMP, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;TIMESTAMP&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Date.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.TINYINT, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;TINYINT&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.VARBINARY, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;VARBINARY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;byte[]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))); </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        typeMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Types.VARCHAR, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;VARCHAR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addConfigurationProperties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Properties </span><span style="color:#E36209;">properties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">putAll</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(properties);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        forceBigDecimals </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringUtility.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isTrue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(PropertyRegistry.TYPE_RESOLVER_FORCE_BIG_DECIMALS));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">calculateJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            IntrospectedColumn </span><span style="color:#E36209;">introspectedColumn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        FullyQualifiedJavaType answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.JdbcTypeInformation jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> typeMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Types.DECIMAL</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Types.NUMERIC</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getScale</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLength</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> forceBigDecimals) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(BigDecimal.class</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLength</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Long.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLength</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Short.class.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> jdbcTypeInformation.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">calculateJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(IntrospectedColumn </span><span style="color:#E36209;">introspectedColumn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        JavaTypeResolverDefaultImpl.JdbcTypeInformation jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> typeMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (jdbcTypeInformation </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (introspectedColumn.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Types.DECIMAL</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DECIMAL&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Types.NUMERIC</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;NUMERIC&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//$NON-NLS-1$</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> jdbcTypeInformation.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> answer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setWarnings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">warnings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.warnings </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> warnings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Context </span><span style="color:#E36209;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.context </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> context;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JdbcTypeInformation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">jdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                   FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#E36209;">fullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.jdbcTypeName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getJdbcTypeName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> jdbcTypeName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FullyQualifiedJavaType </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFullyQualifiedJavaType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fullyQualifiedJavaType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>入口方法</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyBatisGeneratorTool</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        URL resource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Thread.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getContextClassLoader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getResource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resource.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getPath</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;        warnings   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             overwrite  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        File                configFile </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">File</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(resource.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getPath</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;../../src/test/resources/generator/generatorConfig.xml&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ConfigurationParser cp         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ConfigurationParser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(warnings);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Configuration       config     </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cp.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(configFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (XMLParserException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        DefaultShellCallback callback         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DefaultShellCallback</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(overwrite);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        MyBatisGenerator     myBatisGenerator </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            myBatisGenerator </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyBatisGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(config, callback, warnings);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (InvalidConfigurationException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            myBatisGenerator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">generate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (SQLException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (InterruptedException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyBatisGeneratorTool</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        URL resource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Thread.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getContextClassLoader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getResource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resource.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getPath</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;        warnings   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">             overwrite  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        File                configFile </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">File</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(resource.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getPath</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;../../src/test/resources/generator/generatorConfig.xml&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ConfigurationParser cp         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ConfigurationParser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(warnings);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Configuration       config     </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cp.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(configFile);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (XMLParserException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        DefaultShellCallback callback         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DefaultShellCallback</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(overwrite);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        MyBatisGenerator     myBatisGenerator </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            myBatisGenerator </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyBatisGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(config, callback, warnings);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (InvalidConfigurationException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            myBatisGenerator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">generate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (SQLException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (InterruptedException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220409210512601.png" alt="image-20220409210512601"></p><h2 id="mybatis-plus" tabindex="-1">mybatis-plus <a class="header-anchor" href="#mybatis-plus" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;mybatis-plus&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">xml</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#F97583;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">generatorConfiguration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        PUBLIC &quot;-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &quot;http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- context 是逆向工程的主要配置信息 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- id：起个名字 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetRuntime：设置生成的文件适用于那个 mybatis 版本 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;default&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetRuntime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;MyBatis3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--optional,指在创建class时，对注释进行控制--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">commentGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;suppressDate&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否去除自动生成的注释 true：是 ： false:否 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;suppressAllComments&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">commentGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--jdbc的数据库连接 wg_insert 为数据库名字--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">driverClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">connectionURL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://xxx/xx?autoReconnect=true</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">useUnicode=true</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">characterEncoding=UTF-8</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tinyInt1isBit=false</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">useSSL=false</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nullCatalogMeansCurrent=true&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">userId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--非必须，类型处理器，在数据库类型和java类型之间的转换控制--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 默认情况下数据库中的 decimal，bigInt 在 Java 对应是 sql 下的 BigDecimal 类 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 不是 double 和 long 类型 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用常用的基本类型代替 sql 包下的引用类型 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;forceBigDecimals&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage：生成的实体类所在的包 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetProject：生成的实体类所在的硬盘位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否允许子包 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否对modal添加构造函数 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;constructorBased&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否清理从数据库中查询出的字符串左右两边的空白字符 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;trimStrings&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 建立modal对象是否不可改变 即生成的modal对象不会有setter方法，只有构造方法 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;immutable&quot; value=&quot;false&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage 和 targetProject：生成的 mapper 文件的包和位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/resources&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 针对数据库的一个配置，是否把 schema 作为字包名 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage 和 targetProject：生成的 interface 文件的包和位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;XMLMAPPER&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 针对 oracle 数据库的一个配置，是否把 schema 作为字包名 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- tableName是数据库中的表名，domainObjectName是生成的JAVA模型名，后面的参数不用改，要生成更多的表就在下面继续加table标签 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tableName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">domainObjectName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;XxxEntity&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">table</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">context</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#22863A;">xml</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">generatorConfiguration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        PUBLIC &quot;-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &quot;http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- context 是逆向工程的主要配置信息 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- id：起个名字 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetRuntime：设置生成的文件适用于那个 mybatis 版本 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;default&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetRuntime</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;MyBatis3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--optional,指在创建class时，对注释进行控制--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">commentGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;suppressDate&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否去除自动生成的注释 true：是 ： false:否 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;suppressAllComments&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">commentGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--jdbc的数据库连接 wg_insert 为数据库名字--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">driverClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">connectionURL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://xxx/xx?autoReconnect=true</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">useUnicode=true</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">characterEncoding=UTF-8</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">tinyInt1isBit=false</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">useSSL=false</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&amp;amp;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nullCatalogMeansCurrent=true&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">userId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">password</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">jdbcConnection</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--非必须，类型处理器，在数据库类型和java类型之间的转换控制--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 默认情况下数据库中的 decimal，bigInt 在 Java 对应是 sql 下的 BigDecimal 类 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 不是 double 和 long 类型 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用常用的基本类型代替 sql 包下的引用类型 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;forceBigDecimals&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaTypeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage：生成的实体类所在的包 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetProject：生成的实体类所在的硬盘位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否允许子包 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否对modal添加构造函数 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;constructorBased&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 是否清理从数据库中查询出的字符串左右两边的空白字符 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;trimStrings&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 建立modal对象是否不可改变 即生成的modal对象不会有setter方法，只有构造方法 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--            &lt;property name=&quot;immutable&quot; value=&quot;false&quot;/&gt;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaModelGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage 和 targetProject：生成的 mapper 文件的包和位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xx/src/main/resources&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 针对数据库的一个配置，是否把 schema 作为字包名 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">sqlMapGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- targetPackage 和 targetProject：生成的 interface 文件的包和位置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;XMLMAPPER&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">targetProject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/Users/story/project/xxx/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 针对 oracle 数据库的一个配置，是否把 schema 作为字包名 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;enableSubPackages&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">javaClientGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- tableName是数据库中的表名，domainObjectName是生成的JAVA模型名，后面的参数不用改，要生成更多的表就在下面继续加table标签 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">table</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tableName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">domainObjectName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;XxxEntity&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">table</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">context</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">generatorConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220409211128783.png" alt="image-20220409211128783"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/Mybatis Generator配置.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/Java%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Java日志发展历史</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/POI%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%B9%B6%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96Excel%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/java/framework/netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>spring-session实现集群session共享</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" 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href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8spring%20validation%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用spring validation进行参数校验</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%B7%A8%E5%9F%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_POI%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%B9%B6%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96Excel%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="poi事件模式解析并读取excel文件数据" tabindex="-1">POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#poi事件模式解析并读取excel文件数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>传统的POI用户模式解析Excel为我们操作提供了丰富的API,用起来很方便,但是这种模式是一次性将Excel中的数据全部写入内存,并且要还封装结构,使得内存的占用远远超过原本Excel文件的大小,稍微大一点的文件采用用户模式进行解析都会内存溢出,由于现在做的项目要处理的Excel数据量普遍都很大,而且业务对导入功能的使用尤其频繁,所以必须采用事件模式的解析方式来实现业务需求.</p><p>事件模式避免内存溢出的原理很简单,就是采用SAX方式解析Excel文件底层的XML文件,这样逐行读取,逐行处理的方式可以完美解决内存占用的问题.</p><p>简单的入门程序可以从POI官网找到,下面是根据官方demo封装的一个比较完善的类,只需要创建一个类继承该抽象类然后实现抽象方法rowHandler,然后在rowHandler里进行我们需要的业务操作即可.</p><p>关于事件模式解析Excel的代码执行具体流程以后有时间再写篇文章进行总结~</p><h2 id="代码" tabindex="-1">代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;代码&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark has-diff vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description POI事件模式读取Excel抽象类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/6/18 14:27</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">abstract</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DefaultHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 构造方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 是否将单元格值解析成字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">           是否忽略首行(一般是表头)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parseCellValueStringFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ignoreFirstRow;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 构造方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 将单元格值解析成字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">           忽略首行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">dataFormatStyle</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">          指定日期类型解析格式 默认yyyy-MM-dd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">dataFormatStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parseCellValueStringFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ignoreFirstRow;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.dateFormatStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataFormatStyle;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 单元格类型索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">enum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 布尔值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BOOL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;b&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 异常错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ERROR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;e&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">FORMULA</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;str&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">INLINESTR</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;inlineStr&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 共享字符表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SSTINDEX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 数值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NUMBER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;n&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NULL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;null&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">cellType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CellDataType </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellTypeEnum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">cellType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CellDataType cellDataType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CellDataType.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">values</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//数字类型时c标签没有t属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (cellType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> NUMBER;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellDataType.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), cellType)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellDataType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet顺序索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetId;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String sheetName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 缩放百分比</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> zoomPercent;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 自适应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fitToPage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 是否显示网格线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> showGridLines </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 默认行高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultRowHeight;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet中每一列的样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; columnStyles;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 合并单元格</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]&gt; mergeCells;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 打印属性 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 上边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> topMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.75</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 下边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bottomMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.75</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 左边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> leftMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 右边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rightMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.7</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页脚边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> footerMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页头边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> headerMargin </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 缩放比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scale </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页宽</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fitWidth </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fitHeight </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 纸张设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pageSize </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> PrintSetup.A4_PAPERSIZE;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 垂直居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> verticallyCenter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 水平居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> horizontallyCenter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 横向打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> landscape;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 网格线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printGridlines;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 行号列标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printHeadings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 草稿品质</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> draft;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 单色打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> noColor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 打印顺序 true:先行后列 false:先列后行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> leftToRigh;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 起始页页码自动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> usePage;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 起始页码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pageStart </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页眉页脚与页边距对齐</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> alignWithMargins </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 列样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 列宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> columnWidth;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 列是否隐藏</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isHidden;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 默认的列样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultColumnStyleIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RowData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowHeight;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; cellDataValues;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行单元格样式索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; cellStyles;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行单元格数据类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; cellDataTypes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 单元格公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; cellFormula;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RowData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellDataValues </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellStyles </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellDataTypes </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cellFormula </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet打印区域</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String sheetName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String sheetIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String printArea;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String printTitleRows;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String printTitleColumns;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享字符表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SharedStringsTable sst;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 单元格样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StylesTable stylesTable;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet游标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行游标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 列坐标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 最大行数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowMax;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 最大列数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colMax;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否为有效数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> valueFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isTElement </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 记录当前值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringBuilder cellBuilder;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否过滤首行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 格式化日期样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String dateFormatStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;yyyy-MM-dd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 格式化样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; formatStyleMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 数据格式化formatter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DataFormatter dataFormatter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DataFormatter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 当前sheet样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SheetStyle sheetStyle;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RowData rowData;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet打印区域 key:sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; sheetPrintMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 所有sheetName,key:sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; sheetNameMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 当前打印标签的sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String localSheetId;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 辨别是否打印区域数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> printFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否解析成String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否读取公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isReadFormula </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否共享公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isSharedFormula;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式存放</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; sharedFormulaMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式插值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&gt; diffMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式存放key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String si;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 核心抽象方法,读取一行后的操作,将业务逻辑在该方法中实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowData</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">abstract</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rowHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RowData </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet处理完后调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetStyle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sheetOver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SheetStyle </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 整个工作簿处理完后调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 处理完整的Excel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">filePath</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OpenXML4JException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IOException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SAXException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">filePath</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OpenXML4JException, IOException, SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        OPCPackage opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(filePath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(opcPackage, parser);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasNext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputStream sheet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSheetName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputSource sheetSource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheet);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                parser.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheet.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                opcPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 处理指定的sheet页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">filePath</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIdx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OpenXML4JException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SAXException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IOException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">filePath</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIdx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OpenXML4JException, SAXException, IOException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        OPCPackage opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(filePath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(opcPackage, parser);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasNext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputStream sheet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (sheetIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetIdx) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">continue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheets.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSheetName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputSource sheetSource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheet);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                parser.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheet.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (opcPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                opcPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(OPCPackage </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">opcPackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, XMLReader </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">parser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IOException, OpenXML4JException, SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFReader reader </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">XSSFReader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(opcPackage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        sst </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSharedStringsTable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        stylesTable </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStylesTable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (XSSFReader.SheetIterator) reader.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSheetsData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取工作簿内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputStream workbookData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getWorkbookData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputSource workbookDataSource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(workbookData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(workbookDataSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        workbookData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取单元格样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputStream stylesData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStylesData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InputSource stylesDataSource </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(stylesData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(stylesDataSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        stylesData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheets;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XMLReader </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XMLReaderFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createXMLReader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setContentHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 读取每对标签的开始标签时调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">uri</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">localName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">       当前标签名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">attributes</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 当前标签上的属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">startElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">uri</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">localName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                             </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Attributes </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">attributes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;numFmt&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> numFmtId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Short.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseShort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;numFmtId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String formatCode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;formatCode&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            formatStyleMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(numFmtId, formatCode);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mergeCells&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setMergeCells</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]&gt;());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mergeCell&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] range </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ref&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] positionDx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(range[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] end </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(range[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> end[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> end[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMergeCells</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(positionDx);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;pageSetUpPr&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;fitToPage&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;fitToPage&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setFitToPage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;sheetView&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;showGridLines&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;showGridLines&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setShowGridLines</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zoomScale&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setZoomPercent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zoomScale&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;sheetFormatPr&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;defaultRowHeight&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDefaultRowHeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;defaultRowHeight&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;sheetData&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开始读取sheet页数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RowData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sheetHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetIndex, sheetStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dimension&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ref&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setColumnStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;col&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> startColIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;min&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> endColIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;max&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">double</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> columnWidth </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultColumnStyleIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hidden </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                defaultColumnStyleIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;style&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                hidden </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ColumnStyle columnStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDefaultColumnStyleIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(defaultColumnStyleIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHidden</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(hidden);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setColumnWidth</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(columnWidth);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getColumnStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(startColIndex) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(endColIndex), columnStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;row&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开始读取行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;r&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">adjustRowMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rowIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//清空数据容器中保留的上一行的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clear</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ht&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setRowHeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ht&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取单元格内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String position </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;r&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (position </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(position)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">adjustColMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(colIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">size</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CellDataType.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellTypeEnum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//单元格数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            isTElement </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;definedName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;localSheetId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;_xlnm.Print_Area&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;_xlnm.Print_Titles&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                printFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                localSheetId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;localSheetId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;sheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sheetNameMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;r:id&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;pageMargins&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;pageSetup&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页面设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;printOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//打印选项</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;headerFooter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页眉页脚</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isReadFormula </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;f&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//共享公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                isSharedFormula </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                si </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;si&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 读取每对标签的结束标签时调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">uri</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">localName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">endElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">uri</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">localName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Object result;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;worksheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//一个sheet读取完毕</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sheetOver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetIndex, sheetStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;row&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//一行数据读取完毕</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (rowIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ignoreFirstRow) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//过滤首行数据 一般为表头</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//调用实现的业务逻辑方法处理当前行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rowHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetIndex, rowIndex, rowData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowIndex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setRowHeight</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取到单元格的数据标签</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CellDataType cellDataType </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (cellDataType) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BOOL</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;0&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;0&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ERROR</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ERROR:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FORMULA</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> INLINESTR</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">XSSFRichTextString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SSTINDEX</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//共享字符需要从共享字符表中取</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> idx </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">XSSFRichTextString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sst.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntryAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(idx));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> NUMBER</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer styleAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (styleAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> XSSFCellStyle cellStyle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> stylesTable.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getStyleAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(styleAt);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">short</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDataFormat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String formatString </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellStyle.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDataFormatString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (formatString </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (formatString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contains</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;m/dd/yy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contains</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;m/d/yy&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contains</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;yyyy/mm/dd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contains</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;yyyy/m/d&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataFormatter.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatRawCellContents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        formatIndex, dateFormatStyle).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;T&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataFormatter.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatRawCellContents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                        formatIndex, formatString).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;_&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">trim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;c&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            colIndex</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;f&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isReadFormula) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, CellDataType.FORMULA);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cellBuilder);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isTElement) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">trim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            isTElement </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (printFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;definedName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writePrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            printFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 写sheet打印区域和打印标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writePrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(localSheetId) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#REF!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String rId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;rId&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(localSheetId) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String sheetName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetNameMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SheetPrint sheetPrint </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">containsKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setSheetIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(localSheetId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (String str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPrintArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPrintTitleRows</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPrintTitleColumns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sheetName, sheetPrint);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        localSheetId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 1-区域 2-顶端 3-左端 0-判断错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isArea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String split </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> countMatches </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">countMatches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(split, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;$&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (countMatches </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (countMatches </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String substr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> split.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">substring</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(split.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> substr.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charAt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Pattern pattern </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Pattern.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">compile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[0-9]*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (pattern.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">matcher</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(substr).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">matches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((charAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;z&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (charAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;A&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Z&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 计算当前的最大行和列数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ref</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] range </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ref.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">split</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String maxStr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (range.length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            maxStr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> range[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            maxStr </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> range[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] maxPosition </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(maxStr);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        rowMax </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> maxPosition[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        colMax </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> maxPosition[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 把单元格数据添加到当前行的数据容器中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Object </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">result</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        rowData.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 数据append到cellBuilder中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">length</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">characters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (valueFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">append</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ch, start, length);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetStyle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sheetHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, SheetStyle </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sheetStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 获取position坐标的实际坐标数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">position</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">position</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String amPosition </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> position.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replaceAll</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[0-9]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">char</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] chars </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> amPosition.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toUpperCase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toCharArray</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ret </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> chars.length; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ret </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (chars[i] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;A&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">26</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, chars.length </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        result[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ret;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        result[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(position.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replaceAll</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[A-Z]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调整列最大值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">colIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">adjustColMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">colIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (colIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colMax) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            colMax </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> colIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调整行最大值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">adjustRowMax</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">rowIndex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (rowIndex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowMax) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            rowMax </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rowIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light has-diff vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description POI事件模式读取Excel抽象类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/6/18 14:27</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">abstract</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DefaultHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 构造方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 是否将单元格值解析成字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">           是否忽略首行(一般是表头)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parseCellValueStringFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ignoreFirstRow;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 构造方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 将单元格值解析成字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">           忽略首行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">dataFormatStyle</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">          指定日期类型解析格式 默认yyyy-MM-dd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">POIEventModeHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">parseCellValueStringFlag</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ignoreFirstRow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">dataFormatStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parseCellValueStringFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ignoreFirstRow;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.dateFormatStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataFormatStyle;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 单元格类型索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">enum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 布尔值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">BOOL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;b&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 异常错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">ERROR</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;e&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">FORMULA</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;str&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">INLINESTR</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;inlineStr&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 共享字符表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">SSTINDEX</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 数值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NUMBER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;n&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">NULL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;null&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">cellType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CellDataType </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellTypeEnum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">cellType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CellDataType cellDataType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CellDataType.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">values</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//数字类型时c标签没有t属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (cellType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> NUMBER;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellDataType.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), cellType)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellDataType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet顺序索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetId;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String sheetName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 缩放百分比</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> zoomPercent;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 自适应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fitToPage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 是否显示网格线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> showGridLines </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 默认行高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultRowHeight;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * sheet中每一列的样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; columnStyles;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 合并单元格</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]&gt; mergeCells;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/* 打印属性 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 上边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> topMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.75</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 下边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bottomMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.75</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 左边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> leftMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.7</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 右边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rightMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.7</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页脚边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> footerMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页头边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> headerMargin </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 缩放比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scale </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页宽</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fitWidth </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fitHeight </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 纸张设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pageSize </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> PrintSetup.A4_PAPERSIZE;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 垂直居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> verticallyCenter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 水平居中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> horizontallyCenter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 横向打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> landscape;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 网格线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printGridlines;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 行号列标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printHeadings;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 草稿品质</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> draft;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 单色打印</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> noColor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 打印顺序 true:先行后列 false:先列后行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> leftToRigh;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 起始页页码自动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> usePage;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 起始页码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pageStart </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 页眉页脚与页边距对齐</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> alignWithMargins </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 列样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 列宽度</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> columnWidth;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 列是否隐藏</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isHidden;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 默认的列样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultColumnStyleIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RowData</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowHeight;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; cellDataValues;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行单元格样式索引</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; cellStyles;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 当前行单元格数据类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">CellDataType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; cellDataTypes;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 单元格公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; cellFormula;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RowData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellDataValues </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellStyles </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellDataTypes </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cellFormula </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet打印区域</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EqualsAndHashCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">callSuper</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String sheetName;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String sheetIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String printArea;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String printTitleRows;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String printTitleColumns;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享字符表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SharedStringsTable sst;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 单元格样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StylesTable stylesTable;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet游标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行游标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 列坐标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 最大行数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowMax;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 最大列数量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colMax;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否为有效数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> valueFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * T</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isTElement </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 记录当前值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringBuilder cellBuilder;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否过滤首行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ignoreFirstRow </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 格式化日期样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String dateFormatStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;yyyy-MM-dd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 格式化样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Short</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; formatStyleMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 数据格式化formatter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DataFormatter dataFormatter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DataFormatter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 当前sheet样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SheetStyle sheetStyle;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RowData rowData;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet打印区域 key:sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; sheetPrintMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 所有sheetName,key:sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; sheetNameMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 当前打印标签的sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String localSheetId;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 辨别是否打印区域数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> printFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否解析成String</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parseCellValueStringFlag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否读取公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isReadFormula </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 是否共享公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isSharedFormula;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式存放</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; sharedFormulaMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式插值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&gt; diffMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 共享公式存放key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String si;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 核心抽象方法,读取一行后的操作,将业务逻辑在该方法中实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowData</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">abstract</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rowHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RowData </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet处理完后调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetStyle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sheetOver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SheetStyle </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 整个工作簿处理完后调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 处理完整的Excel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">filePath</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OpenXML4JException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IOException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SAXException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">filePath</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OpenXML4JException, IOException, SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        OPCPackage opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(filePath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(opcPackage, parser);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasNext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputStream sheet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSheetName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputSource sheetSource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheet);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                parser.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheet.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                opcPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 处理指定的sheet页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">filePath</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIdx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OpenXML4JException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SAXException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IOException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">filePath</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIdx</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OpenXML4JException, SAXException, IOException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        OPCPackage opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(filePath);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(opcPackage, parser);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasNext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputStream sheet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (sheetIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetIdx) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">continue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SheetStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheets.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSheetName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputSource sheetSource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheet);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                parser.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheet.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (opcPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                opcPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">workbookOver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseSheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(OPCPackage </span><span style="color:#E36209;">opcPackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, XMLReader </span><span style="color:#E36209;">parser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IOException, OpenXML4JException, SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFReader reader </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">XSSFReader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(opcPackage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        sst </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSharedStringsTable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        stylesTable </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStylesTable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFReader.SheetIterator sheets </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (XSSFReader.SheetIterator) reader.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSheetsData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取工作簿内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputStream workbookData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getWorkbookData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputSource workbookDataSource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(workbookData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(workbookDataSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        workbookData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取单元格样式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputStream stylesData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> reader.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStylesData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InputSource stylesDataSource </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InputSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(stylesData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(stylesDataSource);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        stylesData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheets;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XMLReader </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fetchSheetParser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SAXException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XMLReader parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XMLReaderFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createXMLReader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        parser.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setContentHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 读取每对标签的开始标签时调用的方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">uri</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">localName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">       当前标签名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">attributes</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 当前标签上的属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">startElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">uri</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">localName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                             </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Attributes </span><span style="color:#E36209;">attributes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;numFmt&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> numFmtId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Short.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseShort</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;numFmtId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String formatCode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;formatCode&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            formatStyleMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(numFmtId, formatCode);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mergeCells&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setMergeCells</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]&gt;());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mergeCell&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] range </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ref&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] positionDx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(range[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] end </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(range[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> end[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            positionDx[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> end[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMergeCells</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(positionDx);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;pageSetUpPr&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;fitToPage&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;fitToPage&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setFitToPage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;sheetView&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;showGridLines&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;showGridLines&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setShowGridLines</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zoomScale&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setZoomPercent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zoomScale&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;sheetFormatPr&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;defaultRowHeight&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDefaultRowHeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;defaultRowHeight&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;sheetData&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开始读取sheet页数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RowData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sheetHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetIndex, sheetStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dimension&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ref&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setColumnStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;col&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> startColIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;min&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> endColIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;max&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">double</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> columnWidth </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultColumnStyleIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hidden </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                defaultColumnStyleIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;style&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;hidden&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                hidden </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ColumnStyle columnStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ColumnStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDefaultColumnStyleIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(defaultColumnStyleIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHidden</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(hidden);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            columnStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setColumnWidth</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(columnWidth);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getColumnStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(startColIndex) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(endColIndex), columnStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;row&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开始读取行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;r&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">adjustRowMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rowIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//清空数据容器中保留的上一行的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clear</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ht&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setRowHeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ht&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取单元格内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String position </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;r&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (position </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(position)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">adjustColMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(colIndex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">size</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex; idx</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellFormula</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CellDataType.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellTypeEnum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//单元格数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            isTElement </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;definedName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;localSheetId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;_xlnm.Print_Area&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;_xlnm.Print_Titles&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                printFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                localSheetId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;localSheetId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StringBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;sheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sheetNameMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;r:id&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;pageMargins&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页边距</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;pageSetup&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页面设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;printOptions&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//打印选项</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;headerFooter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//页眉页脚</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isReadFormula </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;f&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;shared&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//共享公式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                isSharedFormula </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                si </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> attributes.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;si&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 读取每对标签的结束标签时调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">uri</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">localName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">endElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">uri</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">localName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Object result;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;worksheet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//一个sheet读取完毕</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cellBuilder </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sheetOver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetIndex, sheetStyle);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;row&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//一行数据读取完毕</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (rowIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ignoreFirstRow) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//过滤首行数据 一般为表头</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//调用实现的业务逻辑方法处理当前行数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rowHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetIndex, rowIndex, rowData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowIndex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setRowHeight</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//读取到单元格的数据标签</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CellDataType cellDataType </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">switch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (cellDataType) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BOOL</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;0&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> firstFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;0&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ERROR</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ERROR:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FORMULA</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> INLINESTR</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">XSSFRichTextString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SSTINDEX</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//共享字符需要从共享字符表中取</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> idx </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">XSSFRichTextString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sst.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntryAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(idx));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> NUMBER</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (parseCellValueStringFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer styleAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellStyles</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (styleAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> XSSFCellStyle cellStyle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> stylesTable.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getStyleAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(styleAt);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">short</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDataFormat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String formatString </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellStyle.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDataFormatString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (formatString </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (formatString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contains</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;m/dd/yy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contains</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;m/d/yy&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contains</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;yyyy/mm/dd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatString.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contains</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;yyyy/m/d&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataFormatter.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatRawCellContents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        formatIndex, dateFormatStyle).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;T&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataFormatter.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatRawCellContents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                        formatIndex, formatString).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;_&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">trim</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Double.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseDouble</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;c&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            colIndex</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;f&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isReadFormula) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, CellDataType.FORMULA);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cellBuilder);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isTElement) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">trim</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            isTElement </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (printFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;definedName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writePrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            valueFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            printFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 写sheet打印区域和打印标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writePrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object </span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(localSheetId) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#REF!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String rId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;rId&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(localSheetId) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String sheetName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetNameMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SheetPrint sheetPrint </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">containsKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SheetPrint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setSheetName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setSheetIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(localSheetId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (String str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPrintArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPrintTitleRows</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheetPrint.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPrintTitleColumns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        sheetPrintMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sheetName, sheetPrint);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        localSheetId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> 1-区域 2-顶端 3-左端 0-判断错误</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isArea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String split </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> countMatches </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">countMatches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(split, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;$&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (countMatches </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (countMatches </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String substr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> split.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">substring</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(split.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> substr.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charAt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Pattern pattern </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Pattern.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">compile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[0-9]*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (pattern.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">matcher</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(substr).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">matches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((charAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;z&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (charAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;A&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> charAt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Z&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 计算当前的最大行和列数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ref</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] range </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ref.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">split</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String maxStr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (range.length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            maxStr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> range[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            maxStr </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> range[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] maxPosition </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(maxStr);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        rowMax </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> maxPosition[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        colMax </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> maxPosition[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 把单元格数据添加到当前行的数据容器中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writeColData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Object </span><span style="color:#E36209;">result</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        rowData.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCellDataValues</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 数据append到cellBuilder中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">length</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">characters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (valueFlag) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cellBuilder.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">append</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ch, start, length);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * sheet处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetStyle</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sheetHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, SheetStyle </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sheetStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 获取position坐标的实际坐标数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">position</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parsePosition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">position</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String amPosition </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> position.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replaceAll</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[0-9]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">char</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] chars </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> amPosition.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toUpperCase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toCharArray</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ret </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> chars.length; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ret </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (chars[i] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;A&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Math.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">26</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, chars.length </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        result[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ret;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        result[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(position.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replaceAll</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[A-Z]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调整列最大值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">colIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">adjustColMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">colIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (colIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colMax) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            colMax </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> colIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 调整行最大值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowIndex</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">adjustRowMax</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">rowIndex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (rowIndex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowMax) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            rowMax </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rowIndex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/Mybatis%20Generator%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Mybatis Generator配置</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/Spring%20Cloud%20Config%E6%8E%A5%E5%85%A5.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Spring Cloud Config接入</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/java/framework/netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>spring-session实现集群session共享</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" 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href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8spring%20validation%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用spring validation进行参数校验</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%B7%A8%E5%9F%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_Spring%20Cloud%20Config%E6%8E%A5%E5%85%A5" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="spring-cloud-config接入" tabindex="-1">Spring Cloud Config接入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#spring-cloud-config接入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Spring Cloud Config接入&quot;">​</a></h1><p>微服务配置中心能帮助统一管理多个环境、多个应用程序的外部化配置，不需要在某个配置有改动或新增某个配置项时去多个节点上一个个修改，做到了一次改动，处处使用。这里和Eureka注册中心配合使用。</p><h2 id="spring-cloud-config" tabindex="-1">Spring Cloud Config <a class="header-anchor" href="#spring-cloud-config" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Spring Cloud Config&quot;">​</a></h2><p>SpringCloud子项目，提供了分布式系统中外部配置管理的能力，分为<code>server</code>和<code>client</code> 两部分。<a href="https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-config" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">官网地址</a></p><h2 id="配合git仓库使用" tabindex="-1">配合git仓库使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配合git仓库使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配合git仓库使用&quot;">​</a></h2><p>建立一个git仓库，将配置文件放在仓库里，配置文件格式应用名-profile.properties(yml) ，多服务的情况包名可根据服务前缀命名，在配置中心server端配置中增加search-path配置即可，比如多个包名app-1/app-2，可以配置search-path：app-*</p><h2 id="服务端" tabindex="-1">服务端 <a class="header-anchor" href="#服务端" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;服务端&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="依赖" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-cloud-config-server&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-cloud-config-server&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="配置文件" tabindex="-1">配置文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置文件&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8077</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">spring</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">spring-cloud-config-center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">cloud</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">uri</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">账号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">search-paths</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">app-*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#搜索路径，使用通配符</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">eureka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">client</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">service-url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">defaultZone</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">fetch-registry-interval-seconds</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">prefer-ip-address</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8077</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">spring</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">application</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">spring-cloud-config-center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">cloud</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">uri</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git仓库地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">账号</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">password</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">search-paths</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">app-*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#搜索路径，使用通配符</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">eureka</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">client</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">service-url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">defaultZone</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">fetch-registry-interval-seconds</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">prefer-ip-address</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="启动类" tabindex="-1">启动类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">SpringBootApplication</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EnableEurekaClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EnableConfigServer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ConfigCenterApplication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        SpringApplication.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ConfigCenterApplication.class, args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SpringBootApplication</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EnableEurekaClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EnableConfigServer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ConfigCenterApplication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        SpringApplication.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ConfigCenterApplication.class, args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="服务端-1" tabindex="-1">服务端 <a class="header-anchor" href="#服务端-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;服务端&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="依赖-1" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--springcloud config客户端--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-cloud-config-client&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--springcloud config客户端--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.cloud&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-cloud-config-client&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="配置文件-1" tabindex="-1">配置文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置文件-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置文件&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">spring</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">app-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">cloud</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">profile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: @</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">spring.profiles.active@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">label</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">master</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">discovery</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">service-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">spring-cloud-config-center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">eureka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">client</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">service-url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">defaultZone</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">spring</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">application</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">app-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">cloud</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">config</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">profile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: @</span><span style="color:#032F62;">spring.profiles.active@</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">label</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">master</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">discovery</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">service-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">spring-cloud-config-center</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">eureka</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">client</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">service-url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">defaultZone</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>SpringCloudConfig配合服务发现使用时，必须在bootstrap.yaml(或环境变量) 开启服务发现<code>spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled=true</code>，并且要配置注册中心的地址<code>eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone</code> ，服务启动时会首先去注册中心找到配置中心server。</p></div><p>The HTTP service has resources in the following form:</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">/{application}/{profile}[/{label}]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">/{application}-{profile}.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">/{label}/{application}-{profile}.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">/{application}-{profile}.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">/{label}/{application}-{profile}.properties</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">/{application}/{profile}[/{label}]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">/{application}-{profile}.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">/{label}/{application}-{profile}.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">/{application}-{profile}.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">/{label}/{application}-{profile}.properties</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="以下引自官网" tabindex="-1">以下引自官网 <a class="header-anchor" href="#以下引自官网" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;以下引自官网&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><h3 id="discovery-first-bootstrap" tabindex="-1"><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-config/docs/2.2.8.RELEASE/reference/html/#discovery-first-bootstrap" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Discovery First Bootstrap</a> <a class="header-anchor" href="#discovery-first-bootstrap" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;[Discovery First Bootstrap](https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-config/docs/2.2.8.RELEASE/reference/html/#discovery-first-bootstrap)&quot;">​</a></h3><p>If you use a <code>DiscoveryClient</code> implementation, such as Spring Cloud Netflix and Eureka Service Discovery or Spring Cloud Consul, you can have the Config Server register with the Discovery Service. However, in the default “Config First” mode, clients cannot take advantage of the registration.</p><p>If you prefer to use <code>DiscoveryClient</code> to locate the Config Server, you can do so by setting <code>spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled=true</code> (the default is <code>false</code>). The net result of doing so is that client applications all need a <code>bootstrap.yml</code> (or an environment variable) with the appropriate discovery configuration. For example, with Spring Cloud Netflix, you need to define the Eureka server address (for example, in <code>eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone</code>). The price for using this option is an extra network round trip on startup, to locate the service registration. The benefit is that, as long as the Discovery Service is a fixed point, the Config Server can change its coordinates. The default service ID is <code>configserver</code>, but you can change that on the client by setting <code>spring.cloud.config.discovery.serviceId</code> (and on the server, in the usual way for a service, such as by setting <code>spring.application.name</code>).</p></blockquote><h2 id="坑" tabindex="-1">坑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#坑" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;坑&quot;">​</a></h2><p>配置中心启动后，其他服务向配置中心获取配置文件时，配置中心会去git上拉配置并缓存在本地的临时目录。</p><p>默认情况下，它们被放在带有config-repo-前缀的系统临时目录中。例如，在linux上，它可以是<code>/tmp/config-repo-&lt;randomid&gt;</code> 。一些操作系统会定期清理临时目录，导致意料之外的情况发生，例如丢失属性。需要在配置文件中增加配置<code>spring.cloud.config.server.git.basedir</code> 或<code>spring.cloud.config.server.svn.basedir</code>来指定一个不在系统临时路径下的目录。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/Spring Cloud Config接入.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/POI%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%B9%B6%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96Excel%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>POI事件模式解析并读取Excel文件数据</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/SpringMVC%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_SpringMVC%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="springmvc的执行流程源码分析" tabindex="-1">SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#springmvc的执行流程源码分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>一个常见的面试/笔试题: SpringMVC的执行流程</p><p>答:</p><p>1、前端请求到核心前端控制器DispatcherServlet</p><p>2、DispatcherServlet收到请求调用HandlerMapping处理器映射器。</p><p>3、处理器映射器找到具体的处理器，生成处理器对象及处理器拦截器(如果有则生成)一并返回给DispatcherServlet。</p><p>4、 DispatcherServlet调用HandlerAdapter处理器适配器。</p><p>5、HandlerAdapter经过适配调用具体的处理器(Controller，也叫后端控制器)。</p><p>6、Controller执行完成返回ModelAndView。</p><p>7、HandlerAdapter将controller执行结果ModelAndView返回给DispatcherServlet。</p><p>8、DispatcherServlet将ModelAndView传给ViewReslover视图解析器。</p><p>9、ViewReslover解析后返回具体View.</p><p>10、DispatcherServlet根据View进行渲染视图（即将模型数据填充至视图中）。</p><p>11、DispatcherServlet响应用户。</p><p>为了应付面试相信很多人和我一样死记硬背过，今天就来看下源码，看看这个流程的庐山真面目。</p><p>首先找到DispatcherServlet类，看看它的继承关系 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//7c35641772854695a2f11a2d11a15fc9.png" alt="diagram.png"></p><h2 id="_1-dispathcerservlet的初始化过程" tabindex="-1">1.DispathcerServlet的初始化过程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-dispathcerservlet的初始化过程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.DispathcerServlet的初始化过程&quot;">​</a></h2><p>过程图 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//4ce896811eba43288927b367844052a7.jpg" alt="2.jpg"></p><p>初始化方法</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onRefresh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ApplicationContext context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initStrategies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initStrategies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ApplicationContext context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initMultipartResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initLocaleResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initThemeResolver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initHandlerMappings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initHandlerAdapters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initHandlerExceptionResolvers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initRequestToViewNameTranslator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initViewResolvers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initFlashMapManager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onRefresh</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ApplicationContext context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initStrategies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initStrategies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ApplicationContext context) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initMultipartResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initLocaleResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initThemeResolver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initHandlerMappings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initHandlerAdapters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initHandlerExceptionResolvers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initRequestToViewNameTranslator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initViewResolvers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initFlashMapManager</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(context);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到initStrategies方法初始化了9个组件，其中不乏文章开头中问题涉及到的组件</p><p>这九个初始化方法做的事情如下：</p><ul><li>initMultipartResolver：初始化MultipartResolver，用于处理文件上传服务，如果有文件上传，那么就会将当前的HttpServletRequest包装成DefaultMultipartHttpServletRequest，并且将每个上传的内容封装成CommonsMultipartFile对象。需要在dispatcherServlet-servlet.xml中配置文件上传解</li><li>initLocaleResolver：用于处理应用的国际化问题，本地化解析策略。</li><li>initThemeResolver：用于定义一个主题。</li><li>initHandlerMapping：用于定义请求映射关系。</li><li>initHandlerAdapters：用于根据Handler的类型定义不同的处理规则。</li><li>initHandlerExceptionResolvers：当Handler处理出错后，会通过此将错误日志记录在log文件中，默认实现类是SimpleMappingExceptionResolver</li><li>initRequestToViewNameTranslators：将指定的ViewName按照定义的RequestToViewNameTranslators替换成想要的格式。</li><li>initViewResolvers：用于将View解析成页面。</li><li>initFlashMapManager：用于生成FlashMap管理器。</li></ul><h2 id="_2-dispatcherservlet如何处理用户请求" tabindex="-1">2.DispatcherServlet如何处理用户请求 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-dispatcherservlet如何处理用户请求" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.DispatcherServlet如何处理用户请求&quot;">​</a></h2><p>首先要明确DispatcherServlet也是一个Servlet，也要遵守servlet接口的规范，servlet通过service方法来根据不同的请求方式来执行doGet，doPost等方法。而FrameworkServlet重写了service方法，并调用了processRequest方法，processRequest方法中又调用了抽象方法doService，DispatcherServlet实现了doService方法，并在该方法中调用了doDispatch方法，doDispatch方法就是具体的请求处理过程</p><p>过程图： <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//172f19f1372a4d1db544830425c13fa1.jpeg" alt="3.jpeg"></p><h2 id="_3-dodispatch方法" tabindex="-1">3.doDispatch方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-dodispatch方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.doDispatch方法&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * Process the actual dispatching to the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet&#39;s HandlerMappings in order.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet&#39;s installed HandlerAdapters</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * to find the first that supports the handler class.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It&#39;s up to HandlerAdapters or handlers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">request</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> current HTTP request</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">response</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> current HTTP response</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Exception</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> in case of any kind of processing failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doDispatch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		HttpServletRequest processedRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> multipartRequestParsed </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		WebAsyncManager asyncManager </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAsyncManager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			ModelAndView mv </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			Exception dispatchException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//判断是否为上传文件的请求，如果不是就返回原始的request，否则做相应的处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				processedRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">checkMultipart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				multipartRequestParsed </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (processedRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Determine handler for the current request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//找到当前请求对应的处理器，返回的是对应的处理器及拦截器集合</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">noHandlerFound</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Determine handler adapter for the current request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据上一步找到的处理器，再找到对应的处理器适配器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				HandlerAdapter ha </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandlerAdapter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				String method </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isGet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;GET&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(method);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isGet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;HEAD&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(method)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">long</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lastModified </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ha.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLastModified</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ServletWebRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">checkNotModified</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lastModified) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isGet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">						</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//这里执行了所有的拦截器中的preHandle方法 也就是为什么拦截器总在controller前先执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyPreHandle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Actually invoke the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//调用处理器的处理方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				mv </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ha.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//设置modelAndView的默认名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyDefaultViewName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, mv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行拦截器的postHanle方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyPostHandle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response, mv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				dispatchException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Throwable </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">err</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// As of 4.3, we&#39;re processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				dispatchException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NestedServletException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Handler dispatch failed&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//处理modelAndView并渲染</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">processDispatchResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">triggerAfterCompletion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Throwable </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">err</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">triggerAfterCompletion</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NestedServletException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Handler processing failed&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, err));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (multipartRequestParsed) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cleanupMultipart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(processedRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * Process the actual dispatching to the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet&#39;s HandlerMappings in order.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet&#39;s installed HandlerAdapters</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * to find the first that supports the handler class.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * &lt;p&gt;All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It&#39;s up to HandlerAdapters or handlers</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">request</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> current HTTP request</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">response</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> current HTTP response</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@throws</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Exception</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> in case of any kind of processing failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">	 */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doDispatch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		HttpServletRequest processedRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> multipartRequestParsed </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		WebAsyncManager asyncManager </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAsyncManager</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			ModelAndView mv </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			Exception dispatchException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//判断是否为上传文件的请求，如果不是就返回原始的request，否则做相应的处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				processedRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">checkMultipart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				multipartRequestParsed </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (processedRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Determine handler for the current request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//找到当前请求对应的处理器，返回的是对应的处理器及拦截器集合</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">noHandlerFound</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Determine handler adapter for the current request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据上一步找到的处理器，再找到对应的处理器适配器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				HandlerAdapter ha </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandlerAdapter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				String method </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isGet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;GET&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(method);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isGet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;HEAD&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(method)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">long</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lastModified </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ha.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLastModified</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ServletWebRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">checkNotModified</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lastModified) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isGet) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">						</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//这里执行了所有的拦截器中的preHandle方法 也就是为什么拦截器总在controller前先执行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyPreHandle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Actually invoke the handler.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//调用处理器的处理方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				mv </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ha.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//设置modelAndView的默认名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyDefaultViewName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, mv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//执行拦截器的postHanle方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyPostHandle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response, mv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				dispatchException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ex;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Throwable </span><span style="color:#E36209;">err</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// As of 4.3, we&#39;re processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				dispatchException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NestedServletException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Handler dispatch failed&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//处理modelAndView并渲染</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">processDispatchResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">triggerAfterCompletion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Throwable </span><span style="color:#E36209;">err</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">triggerAfterCompletion</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NestedServletException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Handler processing failed&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, err));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (mappedHandler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					mappedHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (multipartRequestParsed) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cleanupMultipart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(processedRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_1-gethandler方法" tabindex="-1">1.getHandler方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-gethandler方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.getHandler方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>该方法返回的是HandlerExecutionChain对象,其中包含了处理器和过滤器的集合,这里调用了handlerMapping的getHandler方法,该方法主要调用了<code>getHandlerExecutionChain</code>方法,handlerMapping的集合是在初始化dispatchServlet的时候从beanFactory中查找并封装的,具体的handlerMappings初始化细节可以看<code>initHandlerMappings</code>方法,handlerMapping有多种类型,对应不同的请求,比如请求静态资源的和请求接口的等,此处我们以请求一个查询接口为例</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">   if (this.handlerMappings != null) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">   		//循环所有的handlerMapping,直到找到对应的handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">         HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">         if (handler != null) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">            return handler;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">         }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">   return null;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">   if (this.handlerMappings != null) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">   		//循环所有的handlerMapping,直到找到对应的handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">         HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">         if (handler != null) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">            return handler;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">         }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">   return null;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>getHandlerExecutionChain</code>方法</li></ul><p><strong>这里调用的是AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的getHandlerInternal方法,该方法又调用了同一个类中的lookupHandlerMethod方法</strong></p><ul><li><p>lookupHandlerMethod方法会根据请求的uri在mappingRegistry中查询已经注册了的请求路径(requestMapping注解中的路径),如果能直接从map中get到非空的list,就直接根据list匹配对应的HandleMethod对象,如果mappingRegistry中get不到,就尝试使用uri路径匹配,例如带有url参数的这种格式/test/{username}的格式,{username}会被替换为.*的正则表达式去进行匹配,匹配到后返回;</p></li><li><p><code>getHandlerExecutionChain</code>方法则是根据请求的路径匹配拦截器的路径,如果有匹配到的,就添加到执行链当中</p></li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据request找到对应的handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		Object handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandlerInternal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDefaultHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Bean name or resolved handler?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			String handlerName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (String) handler;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">obtainApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		HandlerExecutionChain executionChain </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handler, request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isTraceEnabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">trace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mapped to &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handler);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isDebugEnabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDispatcherType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(DispatcherType.ASYNC)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">debug</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mapped to &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> executionChain.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (CorsUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isCorsRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			CorsConfiguration globalConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.corsConfigurationSource.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			CorsConfiguration handlerConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handler, request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			CorsConfiguration config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (globalConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">combine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerConfig) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> handlerConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			executionChain </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCorsHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, executionChain, config);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> executionChain;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object handler, HttpServletRequest request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		HandlerExecutionChain chain </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				(HandlerExecutionChain) handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handler));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		String lookupPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.urlPathHelper.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLookupPathForRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (HandlerInterceptor interceptor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.adaptedInterceptors) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (interceptor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MappedInterceptor) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				MappedInterceptor mappedInterceptor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (MappedInterceptor) interceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (mappedInterceptor.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">matches</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lookupPath, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.pathMatcher)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					chain.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mappedInterceptor.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				chain.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(interceptor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> chain;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据request找到对应的handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		Object handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandlerInternal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDefaultHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Bean name or resolved handler?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			String handlerName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (String) handler;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">obtainApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		HandlerExecutionChain executionChain </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handler, request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isTraceEnabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">trace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mapped to &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handler);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isDebugEnabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDispatcherType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(DispatcherType.ASYNC)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">debug</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mapped to &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> executionChain.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (CorsUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isCorsRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			CorsConfiguration globalConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.corsConfigurationSource.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			CorsConfiguration handlerConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handler, request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			CorsConfiguration config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (globalConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">combine</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerConfig) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> handlerConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			executionChain </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCorsHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, executionChain, config);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> executionChain;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object handler, HttpServletRequest request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		HandlerExecutionChain chain </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HandlerExecutionChain </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				(HandlerExecutionChain) handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HandlerExecutionChain</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handler));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		String lookupPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.urlPathHelper.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLookupPathForRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (HandlerInterceptor interceptor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.adaptedInterceptors) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (interceptor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MappedInterceptor) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				MappedInterceptor mappedInterceptor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (MappedInterceptor) interceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (mappedInterceptor.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">matches</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lookupPath, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.pathMatcher)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					chain.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mappedInterceptor.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				chain.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(interceptor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> chain;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_2-gethandleradapter方法" tabindex="-1">2.getHandlerAdapter方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-gethandleradapter方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.getHandlerAdapter方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这个方法比较简单,就是从handlerAdapter集合中遍历找到支持当前请求的处理器适配器,用到了handlerAdapter的supports方法,测试的接口请求会调用AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter这个类的supports方法</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * This implementation expects the handler to be an {@link HandlerMethod}.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">handler</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> the handler instance to check</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> whether or not this adapter can adapt the given handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">supports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object handler) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HandlerMethod </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">supportsInternal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((HandlerMethod) handler));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * This implementation expects the handler to be an {@link HandlerMethod}.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">handler</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> the handler instance to check</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> whether or not this adapter can adapt the given handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">supports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object handler) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (handler </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HandlerMethod </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">supportsInternal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((HandlerMethod) handler));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="_3-handle方法" tabindex="-1">3.handle方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-handle方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.handle方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在找到对应的处理器适配器后,会执行拦截器的preHandle方法,然后执行处理器适配器的handle方法,这个就是实际上调用我们所写的controller了,该方法有几个实现 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2020-07-16_13-13-23.jpg" alt="Snipaste_20200716_131323.jpg"> 这里调用的是AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter的方法,该方法调用了抽象方法<code>handleInternal</code>,它的实现在RequestMappingHandlerAdapter类中</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ModelAndView </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleInternal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest request,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   ModelAndView mav;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">checkRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Execute invokeHandlerMethod in synchronized block if required.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.synchronizeOnSession) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      HttpSession session </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSession</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (session </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         Object mutex </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSessionMutex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(session);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">synchronized</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (mutex) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            mav </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// No HttpSession available -&gt; no mutex necessary</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         mav </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// No synchronization on session demanded at all...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      mav </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">containsHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getSessionAttributesHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerMethod).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasSessionAttributes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">applyCacheSeconds</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(response, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.cacheSecondsForSessionAttributeHandlers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">prepareResponse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mav;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ModelAndView </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleInternal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest request,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   ModelAndView mav;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">checkRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Execute invokeHandlerMethod in synchronized block if required.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.synchronizeOnSession) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      HttpSession session </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSession</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (session </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         Object mutex </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSessionMutex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(session);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">synchronized</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (mutex) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            mav </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// No HttpSession available -&gt; no mutex necessary</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         mav </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// No synchronization on session demanded at all...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      mav </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response, handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">containsHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getSessionAttributesHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerMethod).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasSessionAttributes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">applyCacheSeconds</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(response, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.cacheSecondsForSessionAttributeHandlers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">prepareResponse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mav;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>其中重点在invokeHandlerMethod方法,这个方法首先初始化了一个新的handlerMethod对象,添加了相关的解析组件,返回值处理器等等,然后执行了invokeAndHandle方法,然后最终调用了InvocableHandlerMethod类中的<code>doInvoke</code>方法</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ModelAndView </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest request,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   ServletWebRequest webRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ServletWebRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDataBinderFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ModelFactory modelFactory </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getModelFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerMethod, binderFactory);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createInvocableHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.argumentResolvers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.argumentResolvers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.returnValueHandlers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.returnValueHandlers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDataBinderFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(binderFactory);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setParameterNameDiscoverer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parameterNameDiscoverer);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ModelAndViewContainer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      mavContainer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addAllAttributes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(RequestContextUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getInputFlashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      modelFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initModel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(webRequest, mavContainer, invocableMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      mavContainer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      AsyncWebRequest asyncWebRequest </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createAsyncWebRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      asyncWebRequest.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.asyncRequestTimeout);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      WebAsyncManager asyncManager </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAsyncManager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTaskExecutor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.taskExecutor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setAsyncWebRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(asyncWebRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">registerCallableInterceptors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.callableInterceptors);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">registerDeferredResultInterceptors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.deferredResultInterceptors);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         Object result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         mavContainer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ModelAndViewContainer) asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getConcurrentResultContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">clearConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         LogFormatUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">traceDebug</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(logger, traceOn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String formatted </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LogFormatUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">traceOn);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Resume with async result [&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> formatted </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         invocableMethod </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrapConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invokeAndHandle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(webRequest, mavContainer);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getModelAndView</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      webRequest.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">requestCompleted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ModelAndView </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invokeHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest request,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   ServletWebRequest webRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ServletWebRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDataBinderFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ModelFactory modelFactory </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getModelFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerMethod, binderFactory);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createInvocableHandlerMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(handlerMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.argumentResolvers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.argumentResolvers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.returnValueHandlers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.returnValueHandlers);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDataBinderFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(binderFactory);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setParameterNameDiscoverer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parameterNameDiscoverer);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ModelAndViewContainer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      mavContainer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addAllAttributes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(RequestContextUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getInputFlashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      modelFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initModel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(webRequest, mavContainer, invocableMethod);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      mavContainer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      AsyncWebRequest asyncWebRequest </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createAsyncWebRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request, response);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      asyncWebRequest.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTimeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.asyncRequestTimeout);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      WebAsyncManager asyncManager </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebAsyncUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAsyncManager</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTaskExecutor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.taskExecutor);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setAsyncWebRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(asyncWebRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">registerCallableInterceptors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.callableInterceptors);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">registerDeferredResultInterceptors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.deferredResultInterceptors);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         Object result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         mavContainer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ModelAndViewContainer) asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getConcurrentResultContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">];</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">clearConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         LogFormatUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">traceDebug</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(logger, traceOn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String formatted </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LogFormatUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">traceOn);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Resume with async result [&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> formatted </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         invocableMethod </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrapConcurrentResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      invocableMethod.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invokeAndHandle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(webRequest, mavContainer);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (asyncManager.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isConcurrentHandlingStarted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getModelAndView</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      webRequest.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">requestCompleted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>doInvoke方法</li></ul><p>这里就比较明显了,首先利用暴力反射将方法设置为可访问的,然后直接反射调用并返回结果</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * Invoke the handler method with the given argument values.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Nullable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Object </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doInvoke</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object... args) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   ReflectionUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">makeAccessible</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">invoke</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (IllegalArgumentException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">assertTargetBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      String text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ex.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ex.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Illegal argument&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatInvokeError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(text, args), ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (InvocationTargetException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Unwrap for HandlerExceptionResolvers ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      Throwable targetException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ex.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getTargetException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RuntimeException) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (RuntimeException) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Error) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Error) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">formatInvokeError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Invocation failure&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, args), targetException);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * Invoke the handler method with the given argument values.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Nullable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Object </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doInvoke</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object... args) throws Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   ReflectionUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">makeAccessible</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">invoke</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (IllegalArgumentException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">assertTargetBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBridgedMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), args);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      String text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ex.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ex.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Illegal argument&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatInvokeError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(text, args), ex);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (InvocationTargetException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// Unwrap for HandlerExceptionResolvers ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      Throwable targetException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ex.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getTargetException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RuntimeException) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (RuntimeException) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Error) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Error) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (targetException </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception) targetException;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">         </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">formatInvokeError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Invocation failure&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, args), targetException);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>返回modelAndview对象后就是渲染的一些操作</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/Spring%20Cloud%20Config%E6%8E%A5%E5%85%A5.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Spring Cloud Config接入</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/dubbo%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E8%B6%85%E6%97%B6%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>dubbo接口超时配置</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>中间件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E9%94%81%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="spring配置和条件化组件加载注解" tabindex="-1">Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解 <a class="header-anchor" href="#spring配置和条件化组件加载注解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解&quot;">​</a></h1><ul><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnProperty</code>：该注解用于根据配置属性的值来决定是否启用或禁用特定的配置项。通过指定属性名称和值，可以在配置文件中动态地控制应用程序的行为。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnClass</code>：该注解在类路径中存在特定的类时才会生效。它可以用来根据是否引入了某个类来决定是否加载或配置相关的组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@EnableConfigurationProperties</code>：该注解用于启用特定的配置属性绑定功能。它通常与 @ConfigurationProperties 注解一起使用，用于将配置文件中的属性值绑定到对应的 Java 对象中。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConfigurationProperties</code>：将配置文件中的属性值映射到指定的Java类。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnBean</code>：根据指定的bean的存在与否，有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@Conditional</code>：根据指定的条件，有条件地加载一个组件。可以使用自定义条件类。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnMissingBean</code>：如果指定的bean不存在，则有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnMissingClass</code>：如果类路径中缺少指定的类，则有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@AutoConfigureBefore</code>：用于指定某个自动配置类在另一个指定的自动配置类之前生效。它可以控制自动配置类的加载顺序，确保特定的自动配置类在其他自动配置之前被应用。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnExpression</code>：根据指定的SpEL表达式，有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnWebApplication</code>：根据应用程序是否为Web应用程序，有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li><li><p><code>@ConditionalOnResource</code>：根据指定资源的存在与否，有条件地加载一个组件。</p></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_dubbo%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E8%B6%85%E6%97%B6%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="dubbo接口超时配置" tabindex="-1">dubbo接口超时配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dubbo接口超时配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;dubbo接口超时配置&quot;">​</a></h1><p>最近在跟第三方公司对接商城的账单数据，按对账单维度直接推送所有订单和明细，在测试大批量数据时出现了接口超时情况。原因是provider和consumer的超时时间都设置的比较短，因此要把这个接口超时时间调整更大一些。</p><h2 id="dubbo服务超时时间设置及优先级" tabindex="-1">dubbo服务超时时间设置及优先级 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dubbo服务超时时间设置及优先级" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;dubbo服务超时时间设置及优先级&quot;">​</a></h2><p>dubbo的服务超时时间有三个范围，分别是接口方法、接口类、全局。优先级<code>接口方法&gt;接口类&gt;全局</code>。而consumer服务和provider服务又分别可以配置这些超时时间。优先级为<code>consumer&gt;provider</code>。因此完整的dubbo服务超时配置优先级为<code>消费方method &gt;提供方method&gt;消费方reference&gt;提供方service&gt;消费方全局配置provider&gt;提供方全局配置consumer</code></p><h2 id="使用注解配置" tabindex="-1">使用注解配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用注解配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用注解配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>provider：</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">timeout</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//alibaba包中的service，包含了spring framework的@Service功能和暴露服务功能,timeout单位ms</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Service</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">timeout</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//alibaba包中的service，包含了spring framework的@Service功能和暴露服务功能,timeout单位ms</span></span></code></pre></div><p>cosumer:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Reference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">timeout</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//单位ms</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Reference</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">timeout</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//单位ms</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="使用xml配置" tabindex="-1">使用xml配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用xml配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用xml配置&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="提供方" tabindex="-1">提供方 <a class="header-anchor" href="#提供方" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;提供方&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“5000”/&gt; 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“4000” …/&gt; 接口类配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“3000” …&gt; 方法配置</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“5000”/&gt; 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“4000” …/&gt; 接口类配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“3000” …&gt; 方法配置</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">xml</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">beans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns:xsi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns:dubbo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user-service-provider&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用zookeeper广播注册中心暴露服务地址 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">address</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zookeeper://192.168.0.126:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:protocol</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dubbo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;20880&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 和本地bean一样实现服务 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">bean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 timeout 接口类中全部方法超时配置 优先级2 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.UserService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;4000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 单个方法超时配置优先级最高1 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;queryAllUserAddress&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 服务提供者全局超时时间配置优先级最低 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;5000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">beans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#22863A;">xml</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">beans</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns:xsi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns:dubbo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:application</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user-service-provider&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用zookeeper广播注册中心暴露服务地址 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">address</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zookeeper://192.168.0.126:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:protocol</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dubbo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;20880&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 和本地bean一样实现服务 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">bean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 timeout 接口类中全部方法超时配置 优先级2 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.UserService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;4000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 单个方法超时配置优先级最高1 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;queryAllUserAddress&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:service</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 服务提供者全局超时时间配置优先级最低 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;5000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:provider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">beans</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="消费方" tabindex="-1">消费方 <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费方" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费方&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“4000” &gt; 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“3000” …&gt; 接口类配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=“2000” …&gt; 方法配置</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“4000” &gt; 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“3000” …&gt; 接口类配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=“2000” …&gt; 方法配置</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">xml</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">beans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns:xsi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xmlns:dubbo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:application</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;order-service-consumer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用zookeeper广播注册中心暴露服务地址 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">address</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zookeeper://192.168.0.126:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 引用配置： 创建一个远程服务代理，一个引用可以指向多个注册中心 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.UserService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;queryAllUserAddress&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;2000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- orderService --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">bean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.impl.OrderServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ref</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">property</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">bean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 超时全局配置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">timeout</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;4000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">beans</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;?</span><span style="color:#22863A;">xml</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">?&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">beans</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns:xsi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xmlns:dubbo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">xsi:schemaLocation</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:application</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;order-service-consumer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 使用zookeeper广播注册中心暴露服务地址 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">address</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zookeeper://192.168.0.126:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 引用配置： 创建一个远程服务代理，一个引用可以指向多个注册中心 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.UserService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;queryAllUserAddress&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;2000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:method</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:reference</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- orderService --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">bean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.service.impl.OrderServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ref</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;userService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">property</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">bean</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 超时全局配置 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timeout</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;4000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dubbo:consumer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">beans</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/dubbo接口超时配置.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/SpringMVC%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>SpringMVC的执行流程源码分析</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/logback%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>logback自定义</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_logback%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="logback自定义" tabindex="-1">logback自定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#logback自定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;logback自定义&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="自定义日志动态输出内容" tabindex="-1">自定义日志动态输出内容 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义日志动态输出内容" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义日志动态输出内容&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以通过自定义全局拦截器通过MDC存储数据，在logback配置文件中直接通过<code>%X{变量名} </code>读取变量。</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description 全局拦截器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/11 16:13</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GlobalInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HandlerInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">preHandle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, HttpServletResponse </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Object </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">handler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 获取当前登录用户信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        LoginSession loginSession </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LoginContext.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLoginSession</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (loginSession </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            MDC.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, loginSession.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getUserName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            MDC.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;anonymous&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description 全局拦截器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/11 16:13</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GlobalInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HandlerInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">preHandle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest </span><span style="color:#E36209;">request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, HttpServletResponse </span><span style="color:#E36209;">response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Object </span><span style="color:#E36209;">handler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 获取当前登录用户信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        LoginSession loginSession </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LoginContext.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLoginSession</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (loginSession </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            MDC.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, loginSession.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getUserName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            MDC.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;anonymous&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="logback-spring-xml" tabindex="-1">logback-spring.xml <a class="header-anchor" href="#logback-spring-xml" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;logback-spring.xml&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;INFO_FILE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--日志文件输出格式--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--%X{operator}可以直接获取当前线程MDC中的operator参数输出到日志中--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} %X{operator}  %msg%n&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;INFO_FILE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--日志文件输出格式--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--%X{operator}可以直接获取当前线程MDC中的operator参数输出到日志中--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} %X{operator}  %msg%n&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="自定义converter" tabindex="-1">自定义converter <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义converter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义converter&quot;">​</a></h2><p>通过自定义转换器来对日志输出的内容进行自定义处理</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/23 15:39</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OperatorConverter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ClassicConverter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">convert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ILoggingEvent </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String operator </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMDCPropertyMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(operator) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;- &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> operator </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; - &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/23 15:39</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OperatorConverter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ClassicConverter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">convert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ILoggingEvent </span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String operator </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMDCPropertyMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(operator) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;- &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> operator </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; - &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="logback-spring-xml-1" tabindex="-1">logback-spring.xml <a class="header-anchor" href="#logback-spring-xml-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;logback-spring.xml&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configuration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scanPeriod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;10 seconds&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--先声明一个转换器--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">conversionRule</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">conversionWord</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">converterClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.config.logback.converter.OperatorConverter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--在输出的pattern中直接使用，此时就不需要用%X{变量}了，直接%conversionWord即可--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--此时如果MDC中没有operator变量时%operator会输出空串，否则会输出 &quot;- 操作人姓名 - &quot;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;INFO_FILE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--日志文件输出格式--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} %operator%msg%n&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">configuration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configuration</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scanPeriod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;10 seconds&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--先声明一个转换器--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">conversionRule</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">conversionWord</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;operator&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">converterClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.config.logback.converter.OperatorConverter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--在输出的pattern中直接使用，此时就不需要用%X{变量}了，直接%conversionWord即可--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--此时如果MDC中没有operator变量时%operator会输出空串，否则会输出 &quot;- 操作人姓名 - &quot;--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;INFO_FILE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--日志文件输出格式--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} %operator%msg%n&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">configuration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="自定义filter" tabindex="-1">自定义filter <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义filter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义filter&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description logback日志过滤器：开发环境下只打印本项目路径下的debug &amp; debug以上级别的日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/16 20:15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">LogBackDebugPackageFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AbstractMatcherFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ILoggingEvent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String PROJECT_BASE_PACKAGE </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decide</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ILoggingEvent </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isStarted</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply.NEUTRAL;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Level level </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLevel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (level.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isGreaterOrEqual</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Level.DEBUG)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String loggerName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLoggerName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (level.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Level.DEBUG)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (loggerName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loggerName.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">startsWith</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(PROJECT_BASE_PACKAGE)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply.ACCEPT;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply.DENY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply.ACCEPT;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FilterReply.NEUTRAL;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description logback日志过滤器：开发环境下只打印本项目路径下的debug &amp; debug以上级别的日志</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/16 20:15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">LogBackDebugPackageFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AbstractMatcherFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ILoggingEvent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String PROJECT_BASE_PACKAGE </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decide</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ILoggingEvent </span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isStarted</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply.NEUTRAL;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Level level </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLevel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (level.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isGreaterOrEqual</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Level.DEBUG)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String loggerName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLoggerName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (level.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Level.DEBUG)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (loggerName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loggerName.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">startsWith</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(PROJECT_BASE_PACKAGE)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply.ACCEPT;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply.DENY;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply.ACCEPT;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FilterReply.NEUTRAL;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="logback-spring-xml-2" tabindex="-1">logback-spring.xml <a class="header-anchor" href="#logback-spring-xml-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;logback-spring.xml&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--输出到控制台--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;CONSOLE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.config.logback.LogBackDebugPackageFilter&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">Pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">Pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 设置字符集 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">encoder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">appender</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--输出到控制台--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;CONSOLE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.config.logback.LogBackDebugPackageFilter&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">Pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">Pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!-- 设置字符集 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UTF-8&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">encoder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">appender</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/logback自定义.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/dubbo%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E8%B6%85%E6%97%B6%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>dubbo接口超时配置</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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diff --git "a/java/framework/netty+websocket\345\256\236\347\216\260\345\215\263\346\227\266\351\200\232\350\256\257\345\212\237\350\203\275.html" "b/java/framework/netty+websocket\345\256\236\347\216\260\345\215\263\346\227\266\351\200\232\350\256\257\345\212\237\350\203\275.html"
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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="netty-websocket实现即时通讯功能" tabindex="-1">netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能 <a class="header-anchor" href="#netty-websocket实现即时通讯功能" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能&quot;">​</a></h1><p>大致思路:</p><ul><li>后台应用启动后开启nettyserver</li><li>前台登录后使用websocket连接netty</li><li>登录时先向netty发送一条初始化消息,服务器将保存通道和当前用户的关系映射</li><li>通讯双方都上线时,即可以开始聊天</li></ul><p>后台:</p><ul><li>应用启动后,开启netty服务器</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ServerStarter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ApplicationListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ContextRefreshedEvent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onApplicationEvent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ContextRefreshedEvent </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (event.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getParent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IMServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (InterruptedException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ServerStarter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ApplicationListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ContextRefreshedEvent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onApplicationEvent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ContextRefreshedEvent </span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (event.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getApplicationContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getParent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IMServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (InterruptedException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>nettyserver</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:23</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IMServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Logger logger </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LoggerFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLogger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(IMServer.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InterruptedException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NioEventLoopGroup boss </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        NioEventLoopGroup worker </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ServerBootstrap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        serverBootstrap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(boss,worker)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(NioServerSocketChannel.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">localAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//自定义初始化器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">childHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IMStoryInitializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ChannelFuture future </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> serverBootstrap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">bind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        future.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChannelFutureListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">operationComplete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ChannelFuture </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">future</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;server start on 8000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:23</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IMServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Logger logger </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LoggerFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLogger</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(IMServer.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InterruptedException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NioEventLoopGroup boss </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        NioEventLoopGroup worker </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ServerBootstrap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        serverBootstrap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(boss,worker)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(NioServerSocketChannel.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">localAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//自定义初始化器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">childHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IMStoryInitializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ChannelFuture future </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> serverBootstrap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bind</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        future.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChannelFutureListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">operationComplete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ChannelFuture </span><span style="color:#E36209;">future</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;server start on 8000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>初始化器</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:28</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IMStoryInitializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChannelInitializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">SocketChannel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initChannel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(SocketChannel </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ChannelPipeline pipeline </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ch.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//http编解码器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addLast</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HttpServerCodec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//以块写数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addLast</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChunkedWriteHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//聚合器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addLast</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HttpObjectAggregator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">64</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//websocket</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addLast</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebSocketServerProtocolHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/ws&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//自定义handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addLast</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChatHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:28</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IMStoryInitializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChannelInitializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SocketChannel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initChannel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(SocketChannel </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ChannelPipeline pipeline </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ch.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//http编解码器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addLast</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HttpServerCodec</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//以块写数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addLast</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChunkedWriteHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//聚合器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addLast</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HttpObjectAggregator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">64</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1024</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//websocket</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addLast</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebSocketServerProtocolHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/ws&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//自定义handler</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pipeline.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addLast</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChatHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>自定义handler</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:34</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChatHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SimpleChannelInboundHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">TextWebSocketFrame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 管理所有channel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChannelGroup channels </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DefaultChannelGroup</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">protected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">channelRead0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ctx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, TextWebSocketFrame </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">msg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端发过来的消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> msg.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">text</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//当前通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Channel channel </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ctx.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Message message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(content, Message.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMsg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String fromUser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFromUser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端建立连接后先发送一条init消息,后台保存这个通道和用户信息的映射</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAction</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;init&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ChannelUserContext.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fromUser,channel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getAction</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(),</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;chat&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Channel toChannel </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChannelUserContext.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getToUser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (toChannel </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//消息接收方在线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                toChannel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writeAndFlush</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">TextWebSocketFrame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(JSON.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toJSONString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFromUser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMsg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接收方不在线 离线消息推送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handlerAdded</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ctx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        channels.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handlerRemoved</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ctx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        channels.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ctx.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:34</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChatHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SimpleChannelInboundHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TextWebSocketFrame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 管理所有channel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChannelGroup channels </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DefaultChannelGroup</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">protected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">channelRead0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ctx</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, TextWebSocketFrame </span><span style="color:#E36209;">msg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端发过来的消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> msg.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">text</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//当前通道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Channel channel </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ctx.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Message message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(content, Message.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMsg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String fromUser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFromUser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端建立连接后先发送一条init消息,后台保存这个通道和用户信息的映射</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAction</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;init&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ChannelUserContext.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fromUser,channel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StringUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getAction</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(),</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;chat&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Channel toChannel </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChannelUserContext.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getToUser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (toChannel </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//消息接收方在线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                toChannel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writeAndFlush</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">TextWebSocketFrame</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(JSON.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toJSONString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFromUser</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMsg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//接收方不在线 离线消息推送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handlerAdded</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ctx</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        channels.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handlerRemoved</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ChannelHandlerContext </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ctx</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        channels.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ctx.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>通道和用户的映射保存</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:46</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ChannelUserContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ConcurrentHashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; userChannelMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        userChannelMap </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ConcurrentHashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Channel </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">channel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        userChannelMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(user,channel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Channel </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> userChannelMap.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(user);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:46</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ChannelUserContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ConcurrentHashMap&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; userChannelMap;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        userChannelMap </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ConcurrentHashMap&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Channel </span><span style="color:#E36209;">channel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        userChannelMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(user,channel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Channel </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> userChannelMap.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(user);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>message</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:38</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">long</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> serialVersionUID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">301234912340234L</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String msg;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String fromUser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String toUser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String action;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> Xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2020/7/9 9:38</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">long</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> serialVersionUID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">301234912340234L</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String msg;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String fromUser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String toUser;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String action;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>前台页面1</p><div class="language-html vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">html</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lang</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">meta</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">charset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;WebSocket客户端&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;text/javascript&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> socket;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果浏览器支持WebSocket</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(window.WebSocket){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//参数就是与服务器连接的地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        socket </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebSocket</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ws://localhost:8000/ws&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端收到服务器消息的时候就会执行这个回调方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onmessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			console.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(event);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ta </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ta.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">event.data;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//连接建立的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onopen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ta </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;连接开启&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;init&quot;,&quot;msg&quot;:&quot;test&quot;,&quot;fromUser&quot;:&quot;张三&quot;,&quot;toUser&quot;:&quot;李四&quot;}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            socket.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//连接断掉的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onclose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">event</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">var</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ta </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> document.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ta.value </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;连接关闭&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;浏览器不支持WebSocket！&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">function</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">window.WebSocket){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//当websocket状态打开</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(socket.readyState </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebSocket.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">OPEN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;chat&quot;,&quot;msg&quot;:&quot;&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> message </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&quot;,&quot;fromUser&quot;:&quot;张三&quot;,&quot;toUser&quot;:&quot;李四&quot;}&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            socket.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">alert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;连接没有开启&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">form</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onsubmit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">textarea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width: 400px;height: 200px&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">textarea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> =</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;button&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;张三:发送数据&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onclick</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">form</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">message</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">);&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">h3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;服务器输出：&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">h3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">textarea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> =</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">style</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;width: 400px;height: 300px;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">textarea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;button&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onclick</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">javascript</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">document</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">(&#39;responseText&#39;).</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;清空数据&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">form</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;!</span><span style="color:#22863A;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lang</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;en&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">meta</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">charset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;WebSocket客户端&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">head</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;text/javascript&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> socket;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//如果浏览器支持WebSocket</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(window.WebSocket){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//参数就是与服务器连接的地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        socket </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebSocket</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ws://localhost:8000/ws&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//客户端收到服务器消息的时候就会执行这个回调方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onmessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			console.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">log</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(event);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ta </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ta.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">event.data;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//连接建立的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onopen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ta </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;连接开启&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;init&quot;,&quot;msg&quot;:&quot;test&quot;,&quot;fromUser&quot;:&quot;张三&quot;,&quot;toUser&quot;:&quot;李四&quot;}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            socket.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//连接断掉的回调函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        socket.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onclose</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#E36209;">event</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">var</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ta </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> document.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ta.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ta.value </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;连接关闭&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;浏览器不支持WebSocket！&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">function</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">window.WebSocket){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//当websocket状态打开</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(socket.readyState </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebSocket.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">OPEN</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;{&quot;action&quot;:&quot;chat&quot;,&quot;msg&quot;:&quot;&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> message </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&quot;,&quot;fromUser&quot;:&quot;张三&quot;,&quot;toUser&quot;:&quot;李四&quot;}&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            socket.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">alert</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;连接没有开启&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">form</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onsubmit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">textarea</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;message&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width: 400px;height: 200px&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">textarea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> =</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;button&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;张三:发送数据&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onclick</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#032F62;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">form</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">message</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">value</span><span style="color:#032F62;">);&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">h3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;服务器输出：&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">h3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">textarea</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> =</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;responseText&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">style</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;width: 400px;height: 300px;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">textarea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;button&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onclick</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">javascript</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">document</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getElementById</span><span style="color:#032F62;">(&#39;responseText&#39;).</span><span style="color:#24292E;">value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;清空数据&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">form</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">body</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>页面二就是对这个页面稍微改一下</p><p>启动后台后打开两个页面,即可开始进行通讯 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//066e71b5e86d4b7fb03a82cf440496e4.jpg" alt="1.jpg"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//9e901e6eff0941d1a2542b2c15df351e.jpg" alt="2.jpg"><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//df96070561aa44fa91e6d82156ec9505.jpg" alt="3.jpg"><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//0bcfbfa509bb42a79ddf823a6c057033.jpg" alt="4.jpg"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/logback%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>logback自定义</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>spring-session实现集群session共享</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="spring-session实现集群session共享" tabindex="-1">spring-session实现集群session共享 <a class="header-anchor" href="#spring-session实现集群session共享" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;spring-session实现集群session共享&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="问题场景" tabindex="-1">问题场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#问题场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;问题场景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>系统后台登录使用的是图片验证码，生成验证码接口会把验证码放在session中，登录时前端会携带账号密码的密文和验证码到后台，后台再用session中的验证码和前端带过来的进行校验。利用单机的session存储信息有个显而易见的问题，集群环境下这个功能是不可用的，因此要对这个过程进行改造，实现集群共享session，这里采用的是spring-session + redis的方案。</p><h2 id="实现" tabindex="-1">实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现&quot;">​</a></h2><p>spring-session和springboot的集成非常简单，如果项目使用的是springboot只需要引入依赖，再添加几个简单的配置类即可。如果是ssm那就要稍微麻烦点，要写xml的配置文件。本文是springboot的集成方案，详细内容可以下载spring-session官方<a href="https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-session" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">sample</a>查看。</p><h3 id="依赖" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--spring-session--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.session&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-session-data-redis&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;2.0.3.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">&lt;!--spring-session--&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.session&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-session-data-redis&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;2.0.3.RELEASE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="配置类" tabindex="-1">配置类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.session.web.context.AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Initializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Initializer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Config.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.session.web.context.AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Initializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Initializer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Config.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.EnableRedisHttpSession;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(EmbeddedRedisConfig.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EnableRedisHttpSession</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.EnableRedisHttpSession;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Import</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(EmbeddedRedisConfig.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EnableRedisHttpSession</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStandaloneConfiguration;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">EmbeddedRedisConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;${session.share.redis.ip}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String ip;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;${session.share.redis.db}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String db;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RedisConnectionFactory </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">redisConnectionFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        log.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;session redis ip :{}, db:{}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,ip,db);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RedisStandaloneConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ip);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6379</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//指定database</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDatabase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(db));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">JedisConnectionFactory</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(redisConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStandaloneConfiguration;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">EmbeddedRedisConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;${session.share.redis.ip}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String ip;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;${session.share.redis.db}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String db;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RedisConnectionFactory </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">redisConnectionFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        log.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;session redis ip :{}, db:{}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,ip,db);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RedisStandaloneConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ip);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPort</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6379</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//指定database</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        redisConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDatabase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseInt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(db));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">JedisConnectionFactory</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(redisConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="业务代码" tabindex="-1">业务代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#业务代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;业务代码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这里就省略了，思路很简单，就是用session_id作为key存储登录验证码，从而实现不论登录请求落到集群的哪个服务器都能从redis中获取到正确的验证码。</p><h2 id="总结" tabindex="-1">总结 <a class="header-anchor" href="#总结" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;总结&quot;">​</a></h2><p>不得不感慨下spring生态的强大，毫不费力的就集成了一个功能。spring-session使用redis共享session的原理是通过RedisHttpSessionConfiguration配置类，生成一个过滤器SessionRepositoryFilter并且加入到过滤器链中，而且这个过滤器优先级是最高的，然后在SessionRepositoryFilter的doFilter方法中使用HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse的包装类把原始的request、response对象包装一下传递到其他过滤器中，在doFilter的final代码段里通过commitSession实现session到redis的持久化。简单的说就是spring-session使用redis存储的session替换了tomcat的httpsession实现。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/spring-session实现集群session共享.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>springcloud优雅下线服务</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/java/framework/netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>spring-session实现集群session共享</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" 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href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8spring%20validation%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用spring validation进行参数校验</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%B7%A8%E5%9F%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path 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data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="springcloud优雅下线服务" tabindex="-1">springcloud优雅下线服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#springcloud优雅下线服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;springcloud优雅下线服务&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="问题场景" tabindex="-1">问题场景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#问题场景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;问题场景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>线上问题需要紧急修复部署，但是服务一直在跑，网关还会一直往服务中路由请求进行处理，如果直接停掉服务，客户端会出现业务中断的问题。因此需要在替换更新前先手动下线服务，这样用户请求不会被分发到下线的节点上，就可以直接进行更新而不影响用户体验。</p><h2 id="实现" tabindex="-1">实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="查询注册中心中服务的状态" tabindex="-1">查询注册中心中服务的状态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查询注册中心中服务的状态" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查询注册中心中服务的状态&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port</span></span></code></pre></div><p>例如</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-GET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-GET</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="结果" tabindex="-1">结果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结果&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UP&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;  # 状态为在线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UNKNOWN&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; # 重写状态为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961178498&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654480&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;ADDED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UP&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;  # 状态为在线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UNKNOWN&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; # 重写状态为空</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961178498&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654480&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;ADDED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="通知注册中心服务下线" tabindex="-1">通知注册中心服务下线 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通知注册中心服务下线" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通知注册中心服务下线&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port/status?value=OUT_OF_SERVICE</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port/status?value=OUT_OF_SERVICE</span></span></code></pre></div><p>例如：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001/status?value=OUT_OF_SERVICE</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001/status?value=OUT_OF_SERVICE</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="结果-1" tabindex="-1">结果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结果-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结果&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">HTTP/1.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 请求成功</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-Content-Type-Options:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nosniff</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-XSS-Protection:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; mode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">block</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cache-Control:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-cache,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-store,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">max-age=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">must-revalidate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Pragma:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-cache</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Expires:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-Frame-Options:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DENY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Content-Type:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application/xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Content-Length:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Mon,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Nov</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2021</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">07</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:30:32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">GMT</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HTTP/1.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 请求成功</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-Content-Type-Options:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">nosniff</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-XSS-Protection:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; mode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">block</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cache-Control:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-cache,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-store,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">max-age=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">must-revalidate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Pragma:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-cache</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Expires:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-Frame-Options:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DENY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Content-Type:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application/xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Content-Length:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Mon,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Nov</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2021</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">07</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:30:32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">GMT</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="再次查询服务状态" tabindex="-1">再次查询服务状态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#再次查询服务状态" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;再次查询服务状态&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;OUT_OF_SERVICE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; # 服务状态-已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;OUT_OF_SERVICE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; # 重写状态为已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961468691&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961432181&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654480&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;MODIFIED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;OUT_OF_SERVICE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; # 服务状态-已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;OUT_OF_SERVICE&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; # 重写状态为已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961468691&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961432181&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654480&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;MODIFIED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到此时，服务状态为已经下线，不过还是要等到网关服务不再路由请求到该服务时再停掉服务。</p><h3 id="通知注册中心服务上线" tabindex="-1">通知注册中心服务上线 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通知注册中心服务上线" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通知注册中心服务上线&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port/status</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">eureka_username:eureka_password</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://eureka_ip:eureka_port/eureka/apps/服务名称/实例ip:实例名称:实例port/status</span></span></code></pre></div><p>例如：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-u</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001/status</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DELETE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-u</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">admin:admin123</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://127.0.0.1:19991/eureka/apps/app-platform/127.0.0.1:app-platform-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001/status</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="结果-2" tabindex="-1">结果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#结果-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;结果&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">HTTP/1.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 请求成功</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-Content-Type-Options:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nosniff</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-XSS-Protection:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; mode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">block</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Cache-Control:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-cache,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-store,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">max-age=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">must-revalidate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Pragma:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no-cache</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Expires:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">X-Frame-Options:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DENY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Content-Type:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">application/xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Content-Length:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Mon,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Nov</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2021</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">07</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:37:11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">GMT</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HTTP/1.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 请求成功</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-Content-Type-Options:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">nosniff</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-XSS-Protection:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; mode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">block</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Cache-Control:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-cache,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-store,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">max-age=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">must-revalidate</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Pragma:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no-cache</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Expires:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">X-Frame-Options:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DENY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Content-Type:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">application/xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Content-Length:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Mon,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Nov</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2021</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">07</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:37:11</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">GMT</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="再次查询服务状态-1" tabindex="-1">再次查询服务状态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#再次查询服务状态-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;再次查询服务状态&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hostName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">app</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UP&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; # 此时服务已上线 如果通知后立刻查询,状态可能会是unknown，隔一段时间再查询即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;UNKNOWN&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">securePort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">countryId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961828894&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961861799&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">management.port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961828894&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1636961828889&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;ADDED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">actionType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1:app-platform-2.0.0-SNAPSHOT:8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instanceId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">hostName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">app</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UP&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; # 此时服务已上线 如果通知后立刻查询,状态可能会是unknown，隔一段时间再查询即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;UNKNOWN&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">overriddenstatus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;443&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">securePort</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">countryId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;MyOwn&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dataCenterInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;10&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">renewalIntervalInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;30&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">durationInSecs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961828894&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">registrationTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961861799&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastRenewalTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">evictionTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636639654493&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">serviceUpTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">leaseInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;8001&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">management.port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;127.0.0.1_kkg&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">nodeId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">homePageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/info&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">statusPageUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;http://127.0.0.1:8001/actuator/health&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">healthCheckUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">vipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;app-platform&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">secureVipAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;false&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961828894&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastUpdatedTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1636961828889&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">lastDirtyTimestamp</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;ADDED&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">actionType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/springcloud优雅下线服务.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>spring-session实现集群session共享</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/swagger+knife4j.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>swagger+knife4j</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/java/framework/netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>spring-session实现集群session共享</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" 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href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8spring%20validation%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用spring validation进行参数校验</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%B7%A8%E5%9F%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_swagger+knife4j" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="swagger-knife4j" tabindex="-1">swagger+knife4j <a class="header-anchor" href="#swagger-knife4j" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swagger+knife4j&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="swagger2风格" tabindex="-1">swagger2风格 <a class="header-anchor" href="#swagger2风格" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swagger2风格&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="pom" tabindex="-1">POM <a class="header-anchor" href="#pom" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;POM&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;io.springfox&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;springfox-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;3.0.0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;com.github.xiaoymin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;knife4j-spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;3.0.2&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;io.springfox&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;springfox-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;3.0.0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;com.github.xiaoymin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;knife4j-spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;3.0.2&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="swagger-config" tabindex="-1">swagger config <a class="header-anchor" href="#swagger-config" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swagger config&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// swagger config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EnableOpenApi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">EnableKnife4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SwaggerConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Docket </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">createRestApi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 返回文档摘要信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Docket</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(DocumentationType.OAS_30)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.withMethodAnnotation(Operation.class))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(RequestHandlerSelectors.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">basePackage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">paths</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(PathSelectors.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">any</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">globalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getGlobalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">globalResponses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpMethod.GET, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">globalResponses</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpMethod.POST, </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 生成接口信息，包括标题、联系人等</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ApiInfo </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ApiInfoBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接口文档&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;如有雷同，纯属故意&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Contact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc@163.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 封装全局通用参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequestParameter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getGlobalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequestParameter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; parameters </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        parameters.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RequestParameterBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">required</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ParameterType.QUERY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">query</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(q </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> q.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">model</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(m </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> m.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scalarModel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ScalarType.STRING)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">required</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parameters;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 封装通用响应信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; responseList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        responseList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ResponseBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">code</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;404&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;未找到资源&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> responseList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">// swagger config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EnableOpenApi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">EnableKnife4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SwaggerConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Docket </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">createRestApi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 返回文档摘要信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Docket</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(DocumentationType.OAS_30)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.withMethodAnnotation(Operation.class))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apis</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(RequestHandlerSelectors.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">basePackage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">paths</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(PathSelectors.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">any</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">globalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getGlobalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">globalResponses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpMethod.GET, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">globalResponses</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpMethod.POST, </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 生成接口信息，包括标题、联系人等</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ApiInfo </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apiInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ApiInfoBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;接口文档&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;如有雷同，纯属故意&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Contact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc@163.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 封装全局通用参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequestParameter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getGlobalRequestParameters</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequestParameter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; parameters </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        parameters.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RequestParameterBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">required</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ParameterType.QUERY)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">query</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(q </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> q.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">model</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(m </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> m.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scalarModel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ScalarType.STRING)))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">required</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parameters;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 封装通用响应信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getGlobalResponseMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; responseList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        responseList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ResponseBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">code</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;404&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;未找到资源&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> responseList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="webmvcconfig" tabindex="-1">WebMvcConfig <a class="header-anchor" href="#webmvcconfig" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;WebMvcConfig&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TokenInterceptor tokenInterceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(InterceptorRegistry </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] ignore </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/doc.html**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/webjars/js/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/webjars/css/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/swagger-ui/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/swagger-resources/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/v3/**&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tokenInterceptor).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addPathPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">excludePathPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ignore);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TokenInterceptor tokenInterceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#E36209;">registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(InterceptorRegistry </span><span style="color:#E36209;">registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] ignore </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/doc.html**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/webjars/js/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/webjars/css/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/swagger-ui/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/swagger-resources/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/v3/**&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tokenInterceptor).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addPathPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">excludePathPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ignore);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="swagger2注解" tabindex="-1">swagger2注解 <a class="header-anchor" href="#swagger2注解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swagger2注解&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>@Api</code>:定义接口分组名称</li><li><code>@ApiImplicitParam</code>: 单个参数注释</li><li><code>@ApiImplicitParams</code>:多个参数注释</li><li><code>@ApiModel</code>:实体类定义</li><li><code>@ApiModelProperty</code>:实体属性定义</li><li><code>@ApiOperation</code>:接口定义</li><li><code>@ApiParam</code>:参数注释</li><li><code>@ApiResponse</code>:响应码</li><li><code>@ApiResponses</code>:多个响应码</li></ul><h2 id="knife4j-openapi3-0风格" tabindex="-1">knife4j+OpenApi3.0风格 <a class="header-anchor" href="#knife4j-openapi3-0风格" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;knife4j+OpenApi3.0风格&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="pom-1" tabindex="-1">POM <a class="header-anchor" href="#pom-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;POM&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;com.github.xiaoymin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;knife4j-openapi3-spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;4.1.0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;com.github.xiaoymin&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;knife4j-openapi3-spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;4.1.0&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependencies</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="swagger-config-1" tabindex="-1">swagger config <a class="header-anchor" href="#swagger-config-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;swagger config&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Swagger3Config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GlobalOpenApiCustomizer </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">orderGlobalOpenApiCustomizer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> openApi </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            Info info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> openApi.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以覆写信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            info.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;API&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            info.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GroupedOpenApi </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">opcenterApi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] packagedToMatch </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.controller.wallpaper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GroupedOpenApi.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">builder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;wallpaper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// token header</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addOperationCustomizer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(((operation, handlerMethod) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> operation.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addParametersItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HeaderParameter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">required</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">schema</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> io.swagger.v3.oas.models.media.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StringSchema</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowEmptyValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                )))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">packagesToScan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(packagedToMatch).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GroupedOpenApi </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">adminApi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GroupedOpenApi.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">builder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">packagesToScan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc.controller.admin&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> OpenAPI </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">customOpenAPI</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">OpenAPI</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">title</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;story&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">description</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;API服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">termsOfService</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://storyxc.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">license</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">License</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;GPLv3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">contact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Contact</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">email</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc@163.cn&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://storyxc.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">summary</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;API服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Swagger3Config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GlobalOpenApiCustomizer </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">orderGlobalOpenApiCustomizer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> openApi </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            Info info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> openApi.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 可以覆写信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            info.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;API&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            info.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GroupedOpenApi </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">opcenterApi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] packagedToMatch </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.controller.wallpaper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GroupedOpenApi.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">builder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;wallpaper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// token header</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addOperationCustomizer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(((operation, handlerMethod) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> operation.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addParametersItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HeaderParameter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">required</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">schema</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> io.swagger.v3.oas.models.media.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StringSchema</span><span style="color:#24292E;">())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowEmptyValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                )))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">packagesToScan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(packagedToMatch).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GroupedOpenApi </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">adminApi</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GroupedOpenApi.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">builder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;admin&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">packagesToScan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc.controller.admin&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> OpenAPI </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">customOpenAPI</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OpenAPI</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">title</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;story&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">description</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;API服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">termsOfService</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://storyxc.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">license</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">License</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;GPLv3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">contact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Contact</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">email</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc@163.cn&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://storyxc.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">summary</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;API服务&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="webmvcconfig-1" tabindex="-1">WebMvcConfig <a class="header-anchor" href="#webmvcconfig-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;WebMvcConfig&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> TokenInterceptor tokenInterceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(InterceptorRegistry </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] ignore </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/doc.html**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/webjars/js/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/webjars/css/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/swagger-ui/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/swagger-resources/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/v3/**&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tokenInterceptor).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addPathPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">excludePathPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ignore);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> TokenInterceptor tokenInterceptor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#E36209;">registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(InterceptorRegistry </span><span style="color:#E36209;">registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] ignore </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/doc.html**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/webjars/js/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/webjars/css/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/swagger-ui/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/swagger-resources/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/v3/**&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tokenInterceptor).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addPathPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">excludePathPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ignore);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="application-yaml" tabindex="-1">application.yaml <a class="header-anchor" href="#application-yaml" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;application.yaml&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">springdoc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">api-docs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">knife4j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#增强模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">production</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#是否生产，生产会关闭knife4j 需要开启增强模式生效</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">setting</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">swagger-model-name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">模型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">documents</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">项目文档</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">locations</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">classpath:doc/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">wallpaper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">locations</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">classpath:sql/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">group</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sql</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">springdoc</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">api-docs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">knife4j</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#增强模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">production</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#是否生产，生产会关闭knife4j 需要开启增强模式生效</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">setting</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">swagger-model-name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">模型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">documents</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">项目文档</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">locations</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">classpath:doc/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">wallpaper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">locations</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">classpath:sql/*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">group</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sql</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="openapi3注解" tabindex="-1">OpenApi3注解 <a class="header-anchor" href="#openapi3注解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;OpenApi3注解&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th>Swagger3</th><th>注解说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>@Tag(name = “接口类描述”)</td><td>Controller 类</td></tr><tr><td>@Operation(summary =“接口方法描述”)</td><td>Controller 方法</td></tr><tr><td>@Parameters</td><td>Controller 方法</td></tr><tr><td>@Parameter(description=“参数描述”)</td><td>Controller 方法上 @Parameters 里Controller 方法的参数</td></tr><tr><td>@Parameter(hidden = true) 、@Operation(hidden = true)@Hidden</td><td>排除或隐藏api</td></tr><tr><td>@Schema</td><td>DTO实体DTO实体属性</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/swagger+knife4j.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>springcloud优雅下线服务</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8EasyExcel%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BAexcel.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>使用EasyExcel导出excel</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8EasyExcel%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BAexcel" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="使用easyexcel导出excel" tabindex="-1">使用EasyExcel导出excel <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用easyexcel导出excel" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用EasyExcel导出excel&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>本来一直在用easypoi，但是发现多sheet导出easyexcel的支持更好一点，遂切换</p><h2 id="依赖" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;com.alibaba&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;easyexcel&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;2.2.7&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;com.alibaba&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;easyexcel&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;2.2.7&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="导出多sheet" tabindex="-1">导出多sheet <a class="header-anchor" href="#导出多sheet" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;导出多sheet&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(X param, HttpServletResponse response) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String templatePath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        OutputStream fos </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ExcelWriter excelWriter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fos </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getOutputStream</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setContentType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;application/vnd.ms-excel&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            SimpleDateFormat yyyyMMdd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SimpleDateFormat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;yyyyMMddHHmmss&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String date </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> yyyyMMdd.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String fileName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> date;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fileName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fileName.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBytes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ISO8859-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            response.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Content-Disposition&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;attachment;filename=&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fileName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.xls&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            excelWriter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">write</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fos).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">withTemplate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(templatePath).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            WriteSheet sheet0 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writerSheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            WriteSheet sheet1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">writerSheet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            FillConfig fillConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> FillConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">builder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forceNewRow</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Boolean.FALSE).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">build</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//遍历：模版文件 {t.属性}  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fill</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FillWrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, xxx), fillConfig, sheet0);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//.fill(exportDate, writeSheet0); 填充单独属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">fill</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FillWrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, xxx), fillConfig, sheet1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">finish</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            log.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (fos </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    fos.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    log.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(X param, HttpServletResponse response) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String templatePath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        OutputStream fos </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ExcelWriter excelWriter;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fos </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getOutputStream</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setContentType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;application/vnd.ms-excel&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            SimpleDateFormat yyyyMMdd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SimpleDateFormat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;yyyyMMddHHmmss&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String date </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> yyyyMMdd.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Date</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String fileName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> date;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fileName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fileName.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBytes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ISO8859-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            response.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Content-Disposition&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;attachment;filename=&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fileName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.xls&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            excelWriter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">write</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fos).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">withTemplate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(templatePath).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            WriteSheet sheet0 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writerSheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            WriteSheet sheet1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> EasyExcel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writerSheet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            FillConfig fillConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> FillConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">builder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forceNewRow</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Boolean.FALSE).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">build</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//遍历：模版文件 {t.属性}  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fill</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FillWrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, xxx), fillConfig, sheet0);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//.fill(exportDate, writeSheet0); 填充单独属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fill</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FillWrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, xxx), fillConfig, sheet1);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            excelWriter.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">finish</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            log.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (fos </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    fos.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (IOException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    log.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">error</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxxx&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/使用EasyExcel导出excel.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/swagger+knife4j.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>swagger+knife4j</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8spring%20validation%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>使用spring validation进行参数校验</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8spring%20validation%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="使用spring-validation进行参数校验" tabindex="-1">使用spring validation进行参数校验 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用spring-validation进行参数校验" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用spring validation进行参数校验&quot;">​</a></h1><p>后台的参数校验如果全写在业务代码里会导致代码很臃肿，此时可以引入Spring Validation来进行参数校验，还可以自定义校验规则，自定义参数校验异常等</p><h2 id="简单使用" tabindex="-1">简单使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简单使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简单使用&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li>项目引入spring-boot-starter-web依赖</li></ol><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.hibernate&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;hibernate-validator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;com.fasterxml.jackson.core&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;jackson-databind&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.hibernate&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;hibernate-validator&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;com.fasterxml.jackson.core&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;jackson-databind&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li><p>在需要校验的对象前，加上@Validated注解，在对象字段上使用具体校验规则的注解即可。如果是嵌套对象，则在嵌套的对象上使用@Valid注解表明需要嵌套校验</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">receive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequestBody</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Validated</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StatementDto dto, BindingResult result) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (result.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasErrors</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">receive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequestBody</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Validated</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StatementDto dto, BindingResult result) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (result.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasErrors</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">QchjcCustomerStatementDto</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">NotEmpty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;不能为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Valid</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">OrderDto</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; order;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">DecimalMin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;金额需大于等于0.00&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BigDecimal amount;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">QchjcCustomerStatementDto</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Serializable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NotEmpty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;不能为空&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Valid</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">OrderDto</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; order;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">DecimalMin</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;金额需大于等于0.00&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BigDecimal amount;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>@Validated注解标记的参数会被spring进行校验，校验的信息会存放到其后的BindingResult中，如果有多个参数需要校验可以采用如下形式：(@Validated Person person, BindingResult fooBindingResult ，@Validated Bar bar, BindingResult barBindingResult);即一个校验类对应一个校验结果。</p></div></li></ol><h2 id="常用校验" tabindex="-1">常用校验 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常用校验" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常用校验&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li><p>JSR303/JSR-349: JSR303是一项标准,只提供规范不提供实现，规定一些校验规范即校验注解，如@Null，@NotNull，@Pattern，位于javax.validation.constraints包下。JSR-349是其的升级版本，添加了一些新特性。</p><ol><li><p>@Null 被注释的元素必须为null</p></li><li><p>@NotNull 被注释的元素必须不为null</p></li><li><p>@AssertTrue 被注释的元素必须为true</p></li><li><p>@AssertFalse 被注释的元素必须为false</p></li><li><p>@Min(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须大于等于指定的最小值</p></li><li><p>@Max(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须小于等于指定的最大值</p></li><li><p>@DecimalMin(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须大于等于指定</p><p>最小值</p></li><li><p>@DecimalMax(value) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须小于等于指定</p><p>最大值</p></li><li><p>@Size(max, min) 被注释的元素的大小必须在指定的范围内</p></li><li><p>@Digits (integer, fraction) 被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须在可接受的范围内</p></li><li><p>@Past 被注释的元素必须是一个过去的日期</p></li><li><p>@Future 被注释的元素必须是一个将来的日期</p></li><li><p>@Pattern(value) 被注释的元素必须符合指定的正则表达式</p></li></ol></li><li><p>hibernate validation：hibernate validation是对这个规范的实现，并增加了一些其他校验注解，如@Email，@Length，@Range等等</p><ol><li>@Email 被注释的元素必须是电子邮箱地址</li><li>@Length 被注释的字符串的大小必须在指定的范围内</li><li>@NotEmpty 被注释的字符串的必须非空</li><li>@Range 被注释的元素必须在合适的范围内</li></ol></li><li><p>spring validation：spring validation对hibernate validation进行了二次封装，在springmvc模块中添加了自动校验，并将校验信息封装进了特定的类中</p></li></ol><h2 id="统一异常处理" tabindex="-1">统一异常处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#统一异常处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;统一异常处理&quot;">​</a></h2><p>如果方法参数中不声明BindingResult，那么spring校验不通过后会直接抛出BindException，体验很不好。因此我们可以进行自定义异常处理。</p><ul><li>自定义异常</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RuntimeException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">long</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> serialVersionUID </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1L</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BindingResult bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(BindingResult </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">bindingResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.bindingResult </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BindingResult </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBindingResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;参数校验不通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RuntimeException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">long</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> serialVersionUID </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1L</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BindingResult bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ParameterNotValidException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(BindingResult </span><span style="color:#E36209;">bindingResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.bindingResult </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BindingResult </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBindingResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bindingResult;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;参数校验不通过&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>统一异常处理</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ControllerAdvice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ExceptionHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 方法参数校验异常处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ExceptionHandler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ParameterNotValidException.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">ResponseBody</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> O </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleMethodArgumentNotValidException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ParameterNotValidException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        BindingResult bindingResult </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBindingResult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        FieldError fieldError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bindingResult.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getFieldError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String field </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fieldError.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getField</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String defaultMessage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fieldError.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDefaultMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        O o </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">O</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        o.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setResultCode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        o.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setSuccess</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        o.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setResultMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(field </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> defaultMessage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> o;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ControllerAdvice</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ExceptionHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 方法参数校验异常处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ExceptionHandler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ParameterNotValidException.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ResponseBody</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> O </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleMethodArgumentNotValidException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ParameterNotValidException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        BindingResult bindingResult </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBindingResult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        FieldError fieldError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bindingResult.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getFieldError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String field </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fieldError.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getField</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String defaultMessage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fieldError.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDefaultMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        O o </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">O</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        o.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setResultCode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        o.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setSuccess</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        o.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setResultMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(field </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> defaultMessage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> o;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="自定义校验规则" tabindex="-1">自定义校验规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义校验规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义校验规则&quot;">​</a></h2><p>例如，我们需要新增一个校验规则，数字类型必须大于0</p><ul><li><p>新建校验注解</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Target</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ElementType.FIELD)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Retention</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Constraint</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">validatedBy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> GreaterThanZeroValidator.class)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//标注校验由哪些类执行，可以是多个</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">GreaterThanZero</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Class</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;?&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">groups</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//在不同接口中参数可能校验的规则不同，可以创建不同的组，并在校验规则标记组，在controller层也标记组，这样就可以不同接口实现不同校验规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Class</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;?&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">payload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">default</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Target</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ElementType.FIELD)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Retention</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Constraint</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">validatedBy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> GreaterThanZeroValidator.class)</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//标注校验由哪些类执行，可以是多个</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">GreaterThanZero</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Class</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;?&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">groups</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//在不同接口中参数可能校验的规则不同，可以创建不同的组，并在校验规则标记组，在controller层也标记组，这样就可以不同接口实现不同校验规则</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Class</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;?&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">payload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">default</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>一个标注(annotation) 是通过<code>@interface</code>关键字来定义的. 这个标注中的属性是声明成类似方法的样式的. 根据Bean Validation API 规范的要求</p><ul><li><p>message属性, 这个属性被用来定义默认得消息模版, 当这个约束条件被验证失败的时候,通过此属性来输出错误信息.</p></li><li></li></ul><p>groups 属性, 用于指定这个约束条件属于哪(些)个校验组.这个的默认值必须是<code>Class&lt;?&gt;</code>类型到空到数组.</p><ul><li><p><code>payload</code> 属性, Bean Validation API 的使用者可以通过此属性来给约束条件指定严重级别. 这个属性并不被API自身所使用.</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Severity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Payload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Error</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">extends</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Payload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ContactDetails</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">NotNull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Name is mandatory&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">payload</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Severity.Error.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">NotNull</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Phone number not specified, but not mandatory&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">payload</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Severity.Info.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String phoneNumber;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Severity</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Info</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Payload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Error</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">extends</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Payload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ContactDetails</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NotNull</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Name is mandatory&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">payload</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Severity.Error.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String name;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">NotNull</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Phone number not specified, but not mandatory&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">payload</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Severity.Info.class)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String phoneNumber;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这样, 在校验完一个<code>ContactDetails</code> 的示例之后, 你就可以通过调用<code>ConstraintViolation.getConstraintDescriptor().getPayload()</code>来得到之前指定到错误级别了,并且可以根据这个信息来决定接下来到行为.</p></li></ul></blockquote></li><li><p>校验规则类</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GreaterThanZeroValidator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ConstraintValidator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">GreaterThanZero</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isValid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Object </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, ConstraintValidatorContext </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">constraintValidatorContext</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (o </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (o </span><span style="color:#F97583;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Number) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((Number) o).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">intValue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GreaterThanZeroValidator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ConstraintValidator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">GreaterThanZero</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isValid</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Object </span><span style="color:#E36209;">o</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, ConstraintValidatorContext </span><span style="color:#E36209;">constraintValidatorContext</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (o </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (o </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">instanceof</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Number) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((Number) o).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">intValue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>ConstraintValidator</code>定义了两个泛型参数, 第一个是这个校验器所服务到标注类型, 第二个这个校验器所支持到被校验元素到类型.如果一个约束标注支持多种类型到被校验元素的话, 那么需要为每个所支持的类型定义一个<code>ConstraintValidator</code>,并且注册到约束标注中.这个验证器的实现就很平常了</li><li><code>initialize()</code> 方法传进来一个所要验证的标注类型的实例</li><li><code>isValid()</code>是实现真正的校验逻辑的地方</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/使用spring validation进行参数校验.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8EasyExcel%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BAexcel.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>使用EasyExcel导出excel</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/java/framework/netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>spring-session实现集群session共享</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" 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href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8spring%20validation%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用spring validation进行参数校验</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%B7%A8%E5%9F%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job" tabindex="-1">分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>今天领导让我了解下分布式定时任务的内容,对项目中目前的定时任务改造一下,公司目前项目中封装的定时任务注解是基于spring的scheduler的,单机环境下没问题,但是为了服务的高可用生产都是集群部署的,会导致任务多次运行的问题,上家公司用的ssm,定时任务选型是Quartz,生产上采用的quartz的集群部署,quartz集群是不会出现任务重复执行的,原理跟下文讲到的xxl-job一样都是通过数据库表来加锁实现</p><h2 id="xxl-job" tabindex="-1">xxl-job <a class="header-anchor" href="#xxl-job" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;xxl-job&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Xxl-job官网:<a href="https://www.xuxueli.com/xxl-job/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.xuxueli.com/xxl-job/</a></p><p>XXL-JOB是一个分布式任务调度平台，其核心设计目标是开发迅速、学习简单、轻量级、易扩展。现已开放源代码并接入多家公司线上产品线，开箱即用。</p><p>选择xxl-job的原因有以下几点:</p><ul><li>调度和任务解耦,有单独的调度中心及控制台</li><li>代码易扩展</li><li>实现的功能比较全面</li></ul><p>使用流程:</p><ul><li><p>执行doc中的sql脚本,建相关的库表,具体表的作用可阅读帮助文档</p></li><li><p>修改xxl-job-admin配置文件后可以直接启动admin应用</p></li><li><p>修改执行器应用中配置文件,注意匹配admin的相关信息</p></li><li><p>copy一份示例执行器的代码 修改应用端口和执行端口</p></li><li><p>启动两个示例执行器应用(模拟集群)</p></li><li><p>打开控制台可以看到已经注册上了两个节点 <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-18_20-18-51.png" alt="Snipaste_20210318_201851.png"></p></li><li><p>在控制台任务管理中修改任务的相关信息,这里只试个最简单的,更多高级配置请看使用文档</p></li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-18_20-21-27.png" alt="Snipaste_20210318_202127.png"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-18_20-22-18.png" alt="Snipaste_20210318_202218.png"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-18_20-22-26.png" alt="Snipaste_20210318_202226.png"></p><p>可以在控制台的调度记录中看到,集群模式下任务也只执行了一次.</p><p>除了cron任务,xxl-job中还支持周期性的任务,shell任务等.路由策略还支持轮询,一致性哈希,故障转移等,在admin中配置好java.mail信息,在控制配置任务时添加告警邮件,在任务调度出现异常时还会邮件告警</p><p>集成到微服务系统的思路:</p><ul><li>数据库建表</li><li>新建一个job-admin服务将xxl-job-admin迁移,修改配置信息</li><li>在需要定时任务的业务服务中引入xxl-core依赖</li><li>在任务类中实现业务逻辑,任务方法上加上@XxlJob(value = &quot;xxHandler&quot;)</li><li>admin服务启动后启动具体的业务服务</li><li>在调度中心新建任务,配置相关信息,注意JobHandler的值为@XxlJob注解的Value</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path 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collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>中间件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E9%94%81%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%B7%A8%E5%9F%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="后端允许跨域配置" tabindex="-1">后端允许跨域配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#后端允许跨域配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;后端允许跨域配置&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="过滤器方案" tabindex="-1">过滤器方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#过滤器方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;过滤器方案&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CorsFilterConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CorsFilter </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">corsFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setAllowCredentials</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addAllowedOriginPattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addAllowedHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addAllowedMethod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setMaxAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10000L</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        source.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">registerCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, corsConfiguration);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CorsFilter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(source);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CorsFilterConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CorsFilter </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">corsFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setAllowCredentials</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addAllowedOriginPattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addAllowedHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addAllowedMethod</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        corsConfiguration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setMaxAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10000L</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        source.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">registerCorsConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, corsConfiguration);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CorsFilter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(source);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="spring拦截器方案" tabindex="-1">Spring拦截器方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#spring拦截器方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Spring拦截器方案&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">implements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">registry</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">allowedHeaders</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                .</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Configuration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfiguration</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">implements</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WebMvcConfigurer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addCorsMappings</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CorsRegistry </span><span style="color:#E36209;">registry</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        registry.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/**&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedOriginPatterns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedMethods</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowCredentials</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">allowedHeaders</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                .</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">maxAge</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    } </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/后端允许跨域配置.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>中间件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E9%94%81%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_framework_%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="自定义mybatisplusgenerator" tabindex="-1">自定义MybatisPlusGenerator <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义mybatisplusgenerator" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义MybatisPlusGenerator&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="入口类" tabindex="-1">入口类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#入口类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;入口类&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.DbType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.StringPool;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.AutoGenerator;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.InjectionConfig;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.po.TableInfo;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.rules.DateType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.rules.NamingStrategy;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.engine.FreemarkerTemplateEngine;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.util.ArrayList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.util.List;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/19 09:20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MybatisPlusCodeGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> System.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user.dir&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//====================配置变量区域=====================//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成文件的作者，可以不填</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String rootPackage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成的entity、controller、service等包所在的公共上一级包路径全限定名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc-model&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc-web&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String controllerModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;storyxc-web&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据库配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/story?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String driverClassName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;root&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String password </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;root&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] tableNames </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//====================配置变量区域=====================//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] tablePrefix </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[]{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 代码生成器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        AutoGenerator generator </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">AutoGenerator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        GlobalConfig globalConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">GlobalConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setOutputDir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成文件的输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setFileOverride</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否覆盖已有文件，默认false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setOpen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否打开输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setAuthor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(author);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setServiceName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;%sService&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 去掉service接口的首字母I</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setBaseResultMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 BaseResultMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDateType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(DateType.ONLY_DATE);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只使用 java.util.date代替</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setIdType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(IdType.ASSIGN_ID);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 分配ID (主键类型为number或string）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setGlobalConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(globalConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据源配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        DataSourceConfig dataSourceConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DataSourceConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setUrl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDbType</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(DbType.MYSQL);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据库类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDriverName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(driverClassName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setUsername</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(username);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPassword</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(password);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDataSource</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(dataSourceConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 包配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        PackageConfig packageConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">PackageConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//packageConfig.setModuleName(scanner(&quot;模块名&quot;));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setParent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rootPackage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setController</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;controller&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setService</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;service&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;service&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.impl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.impl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setEntity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dao.entity&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setMapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dao.mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//packageConfig.setXml(&quot;dao.mapper.xml&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPackageInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(packageConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 注意：模板引擎在mybatisplus依赖中的templates目录下，可以依照此默认模板进行自定义</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 策略配置：配置根据哪张表生成代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        StrategyConfig strategy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StrategyConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setInclude</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tableNames);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 表名，多个英文逗号分割（与exclude二选一配置）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setNaming</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(NamingStrategy.underline_to_camel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setColumnNaming</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(NamingStrategy.underline_to_camel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// strategy.setSuperEntityClass(&quot;你自己的父类实体,没有就不用设置!&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setEntityLombokModel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// lombok模型，@Accessors(chain = true)setter链式操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setRestControllerStyle</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// controller生成@RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setEntityTableFieldAnnotationEnable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否生成实体时，生成字段注解</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// strategy.setEntityColumnConstant(true);// 是否生成字段常量（默认 false）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTablePrefix</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(tablePrefix);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成实体时去掉表前缀</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        TemplateConfig templateConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">TemplateConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setController</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setService</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setXml</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setMapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setEntity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTemplate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(templateConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setStrategy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(strategy);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setTemplateEngine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FreemarkerTemplateEngine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 自定义输出路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// controller</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; focList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/story-entity.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 自定义输出文件名 ， 如果你 Entity 设置了前后缀、此处注意 xml 的名称会跟着发生变化！！</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/dao/entity/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/story-controller.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> controllerModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/controller/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Controller&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/service.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/service/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Service&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// serviceImpl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/story-serviceImpl.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/service/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/impl/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.java</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/story-mapper.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/dao/mapper/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/templates/mapper.xml.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 自定义输出文件名 ， 如果你 Entity 设置了前后缀、此处注意 xml 的名称会跟着发生变化！！</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/src/main/resources/mapper/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StringPool.DOT_XML;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        InjectionConfig injectionConfig </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InjectionConfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() { }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        injectionConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setFileOutConfigList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(focList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setCfg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(injectionConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">execute</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.DbType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.StringPool;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.AutoGenerator;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.InjectionConfig;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.po.TableInfo;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.rules.DateType;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.config.rules.NamingStrategy;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.baomidou.mybatisplus.generator.engine.FreemarkerTemplateEngine;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.util.ArrayList;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.util.List;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @date 2023/5/19 09:20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MybatisPlusCodeGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> System.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user.dir&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//====================配置变量区域=====================//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成文件的作者，可以不填</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String rootPackage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.storyxc&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成的entity、controller、service等包所在的公共上一级包路径全限定名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc-model&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc-web&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String controllerModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;storyxc-web&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据库配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/story?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;useSSL=false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String driverClassName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 或者com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;root&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String password </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;root&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] tableNames </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//====================配置变量区域=====================//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] tablePrefix </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[]{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 代码生成器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        AutoGenerator generator </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AutoGenerator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 全局配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        GlobalConfig globalConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">GlobalConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setOutputDir</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成文件的输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setFileOverride</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否覆盖已有文件，默认false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setOpen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否打开输出目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setAuthor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(author);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setServiceName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;%sService&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 去掉service接口的首字母I</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setBaseResultMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 开启 BaseResultMap</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDateType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(DateType.ONLY_DATE);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 只使用 java.util.date代替</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        globalConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setIdType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(IdType.ASSIGN_ID);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 分配ID (主键类型为number或string）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setGlobalConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(globalConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据源配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        DataSourceConfig dataSourceConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DataSourceConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setUrl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDbType</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(DbType.MYSQL);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 数据库类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDriverName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(driverClassName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setUsername</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(username);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dataSourceConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPassword</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(password);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDataSource</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(dataSourceConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 包配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        PackageConfig packageConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PackageConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//packageConfig.setModuleName(scanner(&quot;模块名&quot;));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setParent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rootPackage);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setController</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;controller&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setService</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;service&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;service&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.impl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.impl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setEntity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dao.entity&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        packageConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setMapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dao.mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (StrUtil.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">isNotBlank</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(pkgName) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//packageConfig.setXml(&quot;dao.mapper.xml&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPackageInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(packageConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 注意：模板引擎在mybatisplus依赖中的templates目录下，可以依照此默认模板进行自定义</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 策略配置：配置根据哪张表生成代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        StrategyConfig strategy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StrategyConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setInclude</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tableNames);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 表名，多个英文逗号分割（与exclude二选一配置）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setNaming</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(NamingStrategy.underline_to_camel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setColumnNaming</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(NamingStrategy.underline_to_camel);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// strategy.setSuperEntityClass(&quot;你自己的父类实体,没有就不用设置!&quot;);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setEntityLombokModel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// lombok模型，@Accessors(chain = true)setter链式操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setRestControllerStyle</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// controller生成@RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setEntityTableFieldAnnotationEnable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 是否生成实体时，生成字段注解</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// strategy.setEntityColumnConstant(true);// 是否生成字段常量（默认 false）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        strategy.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTablePrefix</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(tablePrefix);</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 生成实体时去掉表前缀</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        TemplateConfig templateConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">TemplateConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setController</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setService</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setServiceImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setXml</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setMapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        templateConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setEntity</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTemplate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(templateConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setStrategy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(strategy);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setTemplateEngine</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FreemarkerTemplateEngine</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         * 自定义输出路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">         */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// controller</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        List&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; focList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/story-entity.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 自定义输出文件名 ， 如果你 Entity 设置了前后缀、此处注意 xml 的名称会跟着发生变化！！</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/dao/entity/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/story-controller.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> controllerModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/controller/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Controller&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/service.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/service/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Service&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// serviceImpl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/story-serviceImpl.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> serviceModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/service/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/impl/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ServiceImpl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.java</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/story-mapper.java.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/java/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> rootPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/dao/mapper/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_JAVA;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// mapper.xml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        focList.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">FileOutConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/templates/mapper.xml.ftl&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">outputFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(TableInfo </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tableInfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 自定义输出文件名 ， 如果你 Entity 设置了前后缀、此处注意 xml 的名称会跟着发生变化！！</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> projectPath </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modelModuleName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/src/main/resources/mapper/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pkgName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tableInfo.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntityName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Mapper&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StringPool.DOT_XML;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        });</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        InjectionConfig injectionConfig </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InjectionConfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() { }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        injectionConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setFileOutConfigList</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(focList);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setCfg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(injectionConfig);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        generator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">execute</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="模板" tabindex="-1">模板 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模板" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模板&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p>模板不能使用IDE格式化，否则生成的文件缩进会有问题</p></div><h3 id="story-entity-java-ftl" tabindex="-1">story-entity.java.ftl <a class="header-anchor" href="#story-entity-java-ftl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;story-entity.java.ftl&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">package ${package.Entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#list table.importPackages as pkg&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import ${pkg};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if swagger2&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.Data;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.experimental.Accessors;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.experimental.FieldNameConstants;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * ${table.comment!}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @author ${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @since ${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if superEntityClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Accessors(chain = true)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if table.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@TableName(&quot;${table.name}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if swagger2&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@ApiModel(value=&quot;${entity}对象&quot;, description=&quot;${table.comment!}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@FieldNameConstants</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if superEntityClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class ${entity} extends ${superEntityClass}&lt;#if activeRecord&gt;&lt;${entity}&gt;&lt;/#if&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#elseif activeRecord&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class ${entity} extends Model&lt;${entity}&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class ${entity} implements Serializable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if entitySerialVersionUID&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#-- ----------  BEGIN 字段循环遍历  ----------&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if field.keyFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#assign keyPropertyName=&quot;${field.propertyName}&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @Schema(description = &quot;${field.comment}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if field.keyFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#-- 主键 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#if field.keyIdentityFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableId(value = &quot;${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, type = IdType.AUTO)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#elseif idType??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableId(value = &quot;${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, type = IdType.${idType})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#elseif field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableId(&quot;${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#-- 普通字段 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#elseif field.fill??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#-- -----   存在字段填充设置   -----&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#if field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableField(value = &quot;${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, fill = FieldFill.${field.fill})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.${field.fill})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#elseif field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableField(&quot;${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#-- 乐观锁注解 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if (versionFieldName!&quot;&quot;) == field.name&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @Version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#-- 逻辑删除注解 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if (logicDeleteFieldName!&quot;&quot;) == field.name&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @TableLogic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    private ${field.propertyType} ${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#------------  END 字段循环遍历  ----------&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if !entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#if field.propertyType == &quot;boolean&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;#assign getprefix=&quot;is&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;#assign getprefix=&quot;get&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    public ${field.propertyType} ${getprefix}${field.capitalName}() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        return ${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    public ${entity} set${field.capitalName}(${field.propertyType} ${field.propertyName}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    public void set${field.capitalName}(${field.propertyType} ${field.propertyName}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        this.${field.propertyName} = ${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        return this;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if entityColumnConstant&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    public static final String ${field.name?upper_case} = &quot;${field.name}&quot;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if activeRecord&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    protected Serializable pkVal() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#if keyPropertyName??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        return this.${keyPropertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        return null;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if !entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    public String toString() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        return &quot;${entity}{&quot; +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#if field_index==0&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &quot;${field.propertyName}=&quot; + ${field.propertyName} +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &quot;, ${field.propertyName}=&quot; + ${field.propertyName} +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &quot;}&quot;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">package ${package.Entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#list table.importPackages as pkg&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import ${pkg};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if swagger2&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.Data;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.experimental.Accessors;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.experimental.FieldNameConstants;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * ${table.comment!}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @author ${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @since ${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if superEntityClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Accessors(chain = true)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if table.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@TableName(&quot;${table.name}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if swagger2&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@ApiModel(value=&quot;${entity}对象&quot;, description=&quot;${table.comment!}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@FieldNameConstants</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if superEntityClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class ${entity} extends ${superEntityClass}&lt;#if activeRecord&gt;&lt;${entity}&gt;&lt;/#if&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#elseif activeRecord&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class ${entity} extends Model&lt;${entity}&gt; {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class ${entity} implements Serializable {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if entitySerialVersionUID&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#-- ----------  BEGIN 字段循环遍历  ----------&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if field.keyFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#assign keyPropertyName=&quot;${field.propertyName}&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @Schema(description = &quot;${field.comment}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if field.keyFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#-- 主键 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#if field.keyIdentityFlag&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableId(value = &quot;${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, type = IdType.AUTO)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#elseif idType??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableId(value = &quot;${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, type = IdType.${idType})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#elseif field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableId(&quot;${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#-- 普通字段 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#elseif field.fill??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#-- -----   存在字段填充设置   -----&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#if field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableField(value = &quot;${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;, fill = FieldFill.${field.fill})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.${field.fill})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#elseif field.convert&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableField(&quot;${field.annotationColumnName}&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#-- 乐观锁注解 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if (versionFieldName!&quot;&quot;) == field.name&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @Version</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#-- 逻辑删除注解 --&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if (logicDeleteFieldName!&quot;&quot;) == field.name&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @TableLogic</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    private ${field.propertyType} ${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#------------  END 字段循环遍历  ----------&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if !entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#if field.propertyType == &quot;boolean&quot;&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;#assign getprefix=&quot;is&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;#assign getprefix=&quot;get&quot;/&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    public ${field.propertyType} ${getprefix}${field.capitalName}() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        return ${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    public ${entity} set${field.capitalName}(${field.propertyType} ${field.propertyName}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    public void set${field.capitalName}(${field.propertyType} ${field.propertyName}) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        this.${field.propertyName} = ${field.propertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#if chainModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        return this;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if entityColumnConstant&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    public static final String ${field.name?upper_case} = &quot;${field.name}&quot;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if activeRecord&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    protected Serializable pkVal() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#if keyPropertyName??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        return this.${keyPropertyName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        return null;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if !entityLombokModel&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    public String toString() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        return &quot;${entity}{&quot; +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;#list table.fields as field&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#if field_index==0&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &quot;${field.propertyName}=&quot; + ${field.propertyName} +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &quot;, ${field.propertyName}=&quot; + ${field.propertyName} +</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;/#list&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &quot;}&quot;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="story-controller-java-ftl" tabindex="-1">story-controller.java.ftl <a class="header-anchor" href="#story-controller-java-ftl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;story-controller.java.ftl&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">package ${package.Controller};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import ${package.Service}.${table.serviceName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if restControllerStyle&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if superControllerClassPackage??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import ${superControllerClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * ${table.comment!} 前端控制器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @author ${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @since ${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Tag(name = &quot;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if restControllerStyle&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Controller</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@RequestMapping(&quot;&lt;#if package.ModuleName?? </span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> package.ModuleName != &quot;&quot;&gt;/${package.ModuleName}&lt;/#if&gt;/&lt;#if controllerMappingHyphenStyle??&gt;${controllerMappingHyphen}&lt;#else&gt;${table.entityPath}&lt;/#if&gt;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if kotlin&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">class ${table.controllerName}&lt;#if superControllerClass??&gt; : ${superControllerClass}()&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if superControllerClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class ${table.controllerName} extends ${superControllerClass} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class ${table.controllerName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    private final ${table.serviceName} ${table.serviceName?uncap_first};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">package ${package.Controller};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import ${package.Service}.${table.serviceName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if restControllerStyle&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if superControllerClassPackage??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import ${superControllerClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * ${table.comment!} 前端控制器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @author ${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @since ${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Tag(name = &quot;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if restControllerStyle&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Controller</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@RequestMapping(&quot;&lt;#if package.ModuleName?? </span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> package.ModuleName != &quot;&quot;&gt;/${package.ModuleName}&lt;/#if&gt;/&lt;#if controllerMappingHyphenStyle??&gt;${controllerMappingHyphen}&lt;#else&gt;${table.entityPath}&lt;/#if&gt;&quot;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if kotlin&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">class ${table.controllerName}&lt;#if superControllerClass??&gt; : ${superControllerClass}()&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if superControllerClass??&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class ${table.controllerName} extends ${superControllerClass} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class ${table.controllerName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    private final ${table.serviceName} ${table.serviceName?uncap_first};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="story-serviceimpl-java-ftl" tabindex="-1">story-serviceImpl.java.ftl <a class="header-anchor" href="#story-serviceimpl-java-ftl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;story-serviceImpl.java.ftl&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">package ${package.ServiceImpl};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import ${package.Entity}.${entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import ${package.Mapper}.${table.mapperName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import ${package.Service}.${table.serviceName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import ${superServiceImplClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * ${table.comment!} 服务实现类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @author ${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> * @since ${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@Service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#if kotlin&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">open class ${table.serviceImplName} : ${superServiceImplClass}&lt;${table.mapperName}, ${entity}&gt;(), ${table.serviceName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">public class ${table.serviceImplName} extends ${superServiceImplClass}&lt;${table.mapperName}, ${entity}&gt; implements ${table.serviceName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">package ${package.ServiceImpl};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import ${package.Entity}.${entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import ${package.Mapper}.${table.mapperName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import ${package.Service}.${table.serviceName};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import ${superServiceImplClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * ${table.comment!} 服务实现类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @author ${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> * @since ${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Slf4j</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@RequiredArgsConstructor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@Service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#if kotlin&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">open class ${table.serviceImplName} : ${superServiceImplClass}&lt;${table.mapperName}, ${entity}&gt;(), ${table.serviceName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;#else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">public class ${table.serviceImplName} extends ${superServiceImplClass}&lt;${table.mapperName}, ${entity}&gt; implements ${table.serviceName} {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/#if&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="story-mapper-java-ftl" tabindex="-1">story-mapper.java.ftl <a class="header-anchor" href="#story-mapper-java-ftl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;story-mapper.java.ftl&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ${</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">apper};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ${</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">package</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.Entity}.${entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ${superMapperClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * &lt;p&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * ${table.comment!} Mapper 接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * &lt;/p&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> ${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@since</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> ${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">#</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kotlin</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{table.mapperName} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ${superMapperClass}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">${entity}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">#</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Mapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{table.mapperName} extends ${superMapperClass}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">${entity}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">#</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ${</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">M</span><span style="color:#24292E;">apper};</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ${</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">package</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.Entity}.${entity};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ${superMapperClassPackage};</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * &lt;p&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * ${table.comment!} Mapper 接口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * &lt;/p&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> *</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> ${author}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@since</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> ${date}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">#</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kotlin</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{table.mapperName} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ${superMapperClass}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">${entity}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">#</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Mapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{table.mapperName} extends ${superMapperClass}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">${entity}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">#</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/framework/自定义MybatisPlusGenerator.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%B7%A8%E5%9F%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>后端允许跨域配置</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/java/framework/netty+websocket%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%B3%E6%97%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>netty+websocket实现即时通讯功能</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/spring-session%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4session%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>spring-session实现集群session共享</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/springcloud%E4%BC%98%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" 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href="/java/framework/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8spring%20validation%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用spring validation进行参数校验</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88xxl-job.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式定时任务解决方案xxl-job</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%B7%A8%E5%9F%9F%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is 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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_middleware_kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="kafka学习记录" tabindex="-1">kafka学习记录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka学习记录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka学习记录&quot;">​</a></h1><p>新公司用的消息中间件是kafka,此前没有接触过,先大致了解下内容,后续再补充</p><h2 id="kafka简介" tabindex="-1">kafka简介 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka简介" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka简介&quot;">​</a></h2><p>​ Kafka is a distributed,partitioned,replicated commit logservice。</p><p>Apache Kafka 是一个分布式发布 - 订阅消息系统和一个强大的队列，可以处理大量的数据，并使你能够将消息从一个端点传递到另一个端点。 Kafka 适合离线和在线消息消费。 Kafka 消息保留在磁盘上，并在群集内复制以防止数据丢失。 Kafka 构建在 ZooKeeper 同步服务之上。 它与 Apache Storm 和 Spark 非常好地集成，用于实时流式数据分析。</p><p>Kafka 是一个分布式消息队列，具有高性能、持久化、多副本备份、横向扩展能力。生产者往队列里写消息，消费者从队列里取消息进行业务逻辑。一般在架构设计中起到解耦、削峰、异步处理的作用。</p><p>相关术语:</p><ul><li><p>broker:kafka集群中的每一台server称为一个kafka实例,也叫broker</p></li><li><p>topic:主题,一个topic中保存同一类消息,相当于对消息的分类</p></li><li><p>partition:分区,每个topic都可以分成多个partition,每个partition的存储层面都是append log文件.任何发布到该partition的消息都会被追加到log文件尾部.</p><blockquote><p>分区的根本原因:kafka基于文件进行存储,当文件内容达到一定程度很容易达到单个磁盘的上限,因此采取分区的办法,一个分区对应一个文件,这样就可以将数据分别存储到不同server上,另外也可以负载均衡,容纳更多消费者</p></blockquote></li><li><p>offset:偏移量,一个分区对应一个磁盘上的文件,而消息在文件中的位置就是offset偏移量,offset为一个long型数字,可以唯一标记一条消息,kafka没有提供其他额外的索引机制来存储offset,所以只能顺序读写,在kafka中几乎不允许对消息进行&quot;随机读写&quot;</p></li></ul><p>总结:</p><ul><li>kafka是一个基于发布-订阅模型的分布式消息系统(消息队列)</li><li>kafka面向大数据,消息保存在topic中,每个topic有多个partition</li><li>kafka的消息数据保存在磁盘,每个partition对应磁盘上的一个文件,消息写入就是在append log文件尾部追加内容,文件可以在集群内备份以防丢失</li><li>即使消息被消费,kafka也不会立即删除消息,可以通过配置使得过一段时间后自动删除以释放磁盘空间</li><li>kafka依赖分布式协调服务zookeeper,适合离线/在线消息的消费</li></ul><h2 id="基本原理" tabindex="-1">基本原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本原理&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_1、分布式和分区-distributed、partitioned" tabindex="-1">1、分布式和分区（distributed、partitioned） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1、分布式和分区-distributed、partitioned" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1、分布式和分区（distributed、partitioned）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>一个topic对应的多个partition分散存储到集群的多个broker上,存储方式是一个partition对应一个文件,每个broker负责存储在自己机器上的partition中的消息读写</p><h3 id="_2、副本-replicated" tabindex="-1">2、副本（replicated） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2、副本-replicated" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2、副本（replicated）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>kafka可以配置partitions需要备份的个数(replicas),每个partition将会备份到多台机器上,以提高可用性.既然有副本,就涉及到对同一个文件的多个备份如何进行管理调度,kafka的方案是每个partition选举一个server作为leader,由leader负责所有对该分区的读写,其他server作为follower只需要简单的与leader同步,如果原来的leader失效,会重新选举由其他的follower来成为新的leader</p><p>如何选举leader:kafka使用zookeeper在broker中选出一个controller,用于partition的分配和leader选举</p><p>另外,作为leader的server承担了该分区所有的读写,所以压力较大,从整体考虑,有多少个partition就有多少个leader,kafka会将leader分散到不同的broker上,确保整体负载均衡</p><h3 id="_3、整体数据流程" tabindex="-1">3、整体数据流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3、整体数据流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3、整体数据流程&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//0baa25b0ca394eb68370a5056577f320.jpg" alt="202009161733104250.jpg"></p><h4 id="_1-数据生产过程-producer" tabindex="-1">1）数据生产过程（producer） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-数据生产过程-producer" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1）数据生产过程（producer）&quot;">​</a></h4><p>生产者写入的消息，可以指定四个参数：topic、partition、key、value其中topic和value是必须指定的，key和partition是可选的。</p><p>对于一条记录，先对其进行序列化，然后按照topic和partition，放进对应的发送队列中。如果partition没有指定，那么情况如下：a、Key有填，按照key进行hash，相同的key去一个partition</p><p>b、key没填，round-robin轮询来选partition <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//14c59ff6e49b4a25be834e28e97aec79.png" alt="202009161733117119.png"></p><p>producer会和topic下的所有partition leader保持socket连接，消息经过producer直接通过socket发送至broker。其中partition leader的位置（host：port）注册在zookeeper中，producer作为zookeeper客户端已经注册了watch监听partition leader的变更事件，因此可以准确的知道谁是当前leader。</p><p>producer端采用异步发送，多条消息暂且在客户端buffer起来，并将他们批量发送到broker，小数据IO太多，会拖慢整体的网络延迟，批量延迟发送事实上提升了网络效率</p><h3 id="_2-数据消费过程-consumer" tabindex="-1">2）数据消费过程（consumer） <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-数据消费过程-consumer" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2）数据消费过程（consumer）&quot;">​</a></h3><p>消费者不是以单独形式存在，每一个消费者属于一个consumer group消费者组，一个group包含多个consumer。订阅topic是以一个消费组来订阅的，发送到topic的消息，只会被订阅此topic的每个group中的consumer消费。</p><p>如果所有的consumer都具有相同group，那么就像一个点对点的消息系统，如果每个consumer都具有不同的group，那消息就会广播给所有消费者。</p><p>具体说来，这实际上是根据partition来分的，==一个partition只能被消费组里的一个消费者消费，但是可以被多个消费组消费==，消费组里的每个消费者是关联到一个partition的，因此有这样的说法：对于一个topic,同一个group中不能有多于partitions个数的consumer同时消费,否则意味着某些消费者无法得到消息</p><p>同一个消费组的两个消费者不会同时消费一个partition.</p><p>在kafka中,采用了pull的方式，即consumer和broker建立连接之后，主动去pull（或者说fetch）消息，首先consumer端可以根据自己的消费能力适时去fetch消息并处理，且可以控制消息消费的进度（offset）。</p><p>partition中的消息只有一个consumer在消费，且不存在消息状态的控制，也没有复杂的消息确认机制，所以kafka的broker端很轻量级。当消息被consumer接受之后，需要保存offset记录消费到哪，以前保存在zk中，由于zk的性能瓶颈，以前的解决方案是consumer一分钟上报一次，在0.10版本后kafka把offset保存，从zk中剥离，保存在consumeroffsets topic的topic中，由此可见，consumer客户端也很轻量级</p><h4 id="_4、消息传送机制" tabindex="-1">4、消息传送机制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4、消息传送机制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4、消息传送机制&quot;">​</a></h4><p>kafka支持三种消息投递语义，在业务中通常使用At least once模型</p><ul><li>At most once：最多一次，消息可能丢失，不会重复</li><li>At least once：最少一次，消息不会丢失，可能重复</li><li>Exactly once：只且一次，消息不丢失不重复，且只消费一次。</li></ul><h2 id="集群架构" tabindex="-1">集群架构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#集群架构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;集群架构&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//4dd59c664ee545948186e2adf332a2be.png" alt="20190805220416350.png"><img src="http://io.storyxc.com/storyxc/1ebece4a4f0c48e8ab3b66a09bd9b9ab.jpg" alt="cluster_architecture.jpg"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/middleware/kafka学习记录.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path 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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_middleware_kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="kafka常用命令记录" tabindex="-1">kafka常用命令记录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka常用命令记录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka常用命令记录&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>环境信息：MacOS 13.4.1</p><p>Kafka版本：Homebrew Kafka_3.4.0</p></blockquote><h2 id="topic" tabindex="-1">topic <a class="header-anchor" href="#topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;topic&quot;">​</a></h2><h5 id="新建topic" tabindex="-1">新建topic <a class="header-anchor" href="#新建topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新建topic&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-topics --create --topic topic-name --partitions 4 --replication-factor 2 --bootstrap-server localhost:9092</code></p><h5 id="查看所有topic" tabindex="-1">查看所有topic <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看所有topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看所有topic&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-topics --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --list</code></p><h5 id="查看topic信息" tabindex="-1">查看topic信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看topic信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看topic信息&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-topics --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --describe --topic topic-name</code></p><h5 id="修改topic分区数" tabindex="-1">修改topic分区数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改topic分区数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改topic分区数&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-topics --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --alter --partitions 2 --topic topic-name</code></p><h5 id="删除topic" tabindex="-1">删除topic <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除topic&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-topics --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --delete --topic topic-name</code></p><h2 id="消费者组" tabindex="-1">消费者组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费者组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费者组&quot;">​</a></h2><h5 id="查看所有消费者组" tabindex="-1">查看所有消费者组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看所有消费者组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看所有消费者组&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-consumer-groups --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --list</code></p><h5 id="查看消费者组详情" tabindex="-1">查看消费者组详情 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看消费者组详情" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看消费者组详情&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-consumer-groups --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --describe --group topic-name</code></p><h5 id="查看消费者组里具体成员" tabindex="-1">查看消费者组里具体成员 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看消费者组里具体成员" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看消费者组里具体成员&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-consumer-groups --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --describe --members --group topic-name</code></p><h2 id="消费者console" tabindex="-1">消费者console <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费者console" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费者console&quot;">​</a></h2><h5 id="查看topic中的所有消息" tabindex="-1">查看topic中的所有消息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看topic中的所有消息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看topic中的所有消息&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-console-consumer --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic topic-name --from-beginning</code></p><h5 id="指定分区、offset的消息" tabindex="-1">指定分区、offset的消息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#指定分区、offset的消息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;指定分区、offset的消息&quot;">​</a></h5><p><code>kafka-console-consumer --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic topic-name --partition 0 --offset 1</code></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/middleware/kafka常用命令记录.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" 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data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_middleware_kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="kafka实践" tabindex="-1">kafka实践 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka实践" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka实践&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="下载" tabindex="-1">下载 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载&quot;">​</a></h2><p>官方地址:<a href="https://kafka.apache.org/downloads.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://kafka.apache.org/downloads.html</a></p><p>linux下载<code>wget https://mirror-hk.koddos.net/apache/kafka/2.8.0/kafka_2.13-2.8.0.tgz</code></p><h2 id="kafka入门介绍" tabindex="-1">kafka入门介绍 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka入门介绍" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka入门介绍&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="kafka作为一个分布式流平台-意味着什么" tabindex="-1">kafka作为一个分布式流平台，意味着什么 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka作为一个分布式流平台-意味着什么" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka作为一个分布式流平台，意味着什么&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>发布和订阅消息（流），在这方面它类似一个消息队列</li><li>以容错（故障转移）的方式存储消息（流）</li><li>在消息流发生时处理它们</li></ul><h3 id="kafka的优势" tabindex="-1">kafka的优势 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka的优势" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka的优势&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>构建实时的数据管道，可靠的获取系统和应用程序间的数据</li><li>构建实时流的应用程序，对数据流进行转换或反应</li></ul><h3 id="kafka的几个概念" tabindex="-1">kafka的几个概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka的几个概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka的几个概念&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>kafka作为集群运行在一个或多个服务器上</li><li>kafka集群存储的消息是以topic为类别记录的</li><li>每个消息由一个key，一个value和时间戳构成</li></ul><h3 id="kafka四个核心api" tabindex="-1">kafka四个核心API <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka四个核心api" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka四个核心API&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Product API：发布消息到一个或多个topic中</li><li>Consumer API：订阅一个或多个topic，并处理产生的消息</li><li>Streams API：充当一个流处理器 ，从一个或多个topic消费输入流，并产生一个输出流到一个或多个输出topic，有效地将输入流转换到输出流</li><li>Connector API：可构建或运行可重用的生产者或消费者，将topic连接到现有的应用程序或数据系统。例如连接到关系型数据库的连接器可以捕捉表的每个变更</li></ul><h2 id="快速启动kafka" tabindex="-1">快速启动kafka <a class="header-anchor" href="#快速启动kafka" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;快速启动kafka&quot;">​</a></h2><p>官方文档:<a href="http://kafka.apache.org/quickstart" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://kafka.apache.org/quickstart</a></p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>强烈建议新学习一项新内容的时候尽量阅读英文原版文档</p></div><h3 id="启动kafka需要的运行环境" tabindex="-1">启动kafka需要的运行环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动kafka需要的运行环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动kafka需要的运行环境&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用kafka自带的zookeeper启动</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">tar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-xzf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka_2.13-2.8.0.tgz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka_2.13-2.8.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config/zookeeper.properties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#后台启动</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-xzf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka_2.13-2.8.0.tgz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka_2.13-2.8.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config/zookeeper.properties</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#后台启动</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>在kafka0.5x版本后已经自带了zookeeper, 而在最新的kafka2.8版本中,不再需要zookeeper服务,官网把这种称之为KRaft模式</p></blockquote><h3 id="打开另一个命令终端启动kafka服务" tabindex="-1">打开另一个命令终端启动kafka服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#打开另一个命令终端启动kafka服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;打开另一个命令终端启动kafka服务&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bin/kafka-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">config/server.properties</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bin/kafka-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">config/server.properties</span></span></code></pre></div><p>等所有服务等启动完毕,kafka就已经是可用的了</p><h3 id="创建一个主题-topic" tabindex="-1">创建一个主题(topic) <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建一个主题-topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建一个主题(topic)&quot;">​</a></h3><p>创建一个名为quickstart-events的topic,只有一个分区和一个备份</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bin/kafka-topics.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost:9092</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--replication-factor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--partitions</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--topic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">quickstart-events</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">查看已创建的topic信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">​</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">```</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[root@localhost kafka_2.13-2.8.0]</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --topic quickstart-events --bootstrap-server localhost:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">Topic: quickstart-events        TopicId: iOM06pJVQV-y_A6QkmfeHw PartitionCount: 1       ReplicationFactor: 1  Configs: segment.bytes=1073741824</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        Topic: quickstart-events        Partition: 0    Leader: 0       Replicas: 0     Isr: 0</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bin/kafka-topics.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--create</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost:9092</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--replication-factor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--partitions</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--topic</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">quickstart-events</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">查看已创建的topic信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">​</span><span style="color:#032F62;">```</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[root@localhost kafka_2.13-2.8.0]</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --topic quickstart-events --bootstrap-server localhost:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">Topic: quickstart-events        TopicId: iOM06pJVQV-y_A6QkmfeHw PartitionCount: 1       ReplicationFactor: 1  Configs: segment.bytes=1073741824</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">        Topic: quickstart-events        Partition: 0    Leader: 0       Replicas: 0     Isr: 0</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="发送消息到topic" tabindex="-1">发送消息到Topic <a class="header-anchor" href="#发送消息到topic" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;发送消息到Topic&quot;">​</a></h3><p>kafka提供了一个命令行工具,可以从输入文件或命令行中读取消息并发送给kafka集群,每一行是一条消息.运行<code>producer(生产者)</code>,然后再控制台输入几条消息到服务器</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bin/kafka-console-producer.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--topic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">quickstart-events</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost:9092</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bin/kafka-console-producer.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--topic</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">quickstart-events</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost:9092</span></span></code></pre></div><p>输入此命令后进入交互模式,便可以开始发送消息到topic</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hello world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">this is first kafka message</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">hello world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">this is first kafka message</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以使用<code>Ctrl+C</code>退出交互模式</p><h3 id="消费topic中的消息" tabindex="-1">消费Topic中的消息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费topic中的消息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费Topic中的消息&quot;">​</a></h3><p>打开另外一个终端窗口运行命令</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--topic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">quickstart-events</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--from-beginning</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost:9092</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--topic</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">quickstart-events</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--from-beginning</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--bootstrap-server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost:9092</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到输出了刚才我们通过生产者终端发送的消息</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hello</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">first</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hello</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">first</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span></span></code></pre></div><p>此时如果我们再在生产者终端发送消息,消费者终端也能实时进行消费,同样可以使用<code>Ctrl+C</code>退出消费者的交互模式,消息会被持久化到kafka中,所以消息可以被消费多次以及被多个消费者消费,比如我们再打开一个窗口,执行消费的命令</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[root@localhost kafka_2.13-2.8.0]# bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --topic quickstart-events --from-beginning --bootstrap-server localhost:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hello</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">first</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">可以看到,新的消费者又消费到了刚才的消息</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[root@localhost kafka_2.13-2.8.0]# bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --topic quickstart-events --from-beginning --bootstrap-server localhost:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hello</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hello</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">world</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">first</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">可以看到,新的消费者又消费到了刚才的消息</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="kafka的java客户端" tabindex="-1">Kafka的Java客户端 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka的java客户端" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Kafka的Java客户端&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="依赖" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.apache.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;kafka-streams&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scope</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scope</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-kafka-test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scope</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scope</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-boot-starter&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.apache.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;kafka-streams&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-boot-starter-test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">scope</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">scope</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-kafka-test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">scope</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;test&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">scope</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        &lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="修改kafka配置" tabindex="-1">修改kafka配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改kafka配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改kafka配置&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">修改config/server.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">listeners</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">advertised.listeners</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=PLAINTEXT://192.168.174.130:9092</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">修改config/server.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">listeners</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9092</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">advertised.listeners</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=PLAINTEXT://192.168.174.130:9092</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="开放虚拟机端口9092" tabindex="-1">开放虚拟机端口9092 <a class="header-anchor" href="#开放虚拟机端口9092" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;开放虚拟机端口9092&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9092/tcp --permanent</code></p><p><code>firewall-cmd --reload</code></p><h3 id="生产者" tabindex="-1">生产者 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生产者" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生产者&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 23:58</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KafkaProducerTests</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">kafkaProducerTest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Properties properties </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Properties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bootstrap.servers&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.174.130:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;acks&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;all&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;retries&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;batch.size&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16384</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;linger.ms&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;buffer.memory&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">33554432</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;key.serializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;value.serializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        KafkaProducer&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; producer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> KafkaProducer&lt;&gt;(properties);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; i</span><span style="color:#F97583;">++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            producer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ProducerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, Integer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Kafka message &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;发送了消息&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        producer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 23:58</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KafkaProducerTests</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">kafkaProducerTest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Properties properties </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Properties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bootstrap.servers&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.174.130:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;acks&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;all&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;retries&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;batch.size&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16384</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;linger.ms&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;buffer.memory&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">33554432</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;key.serializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        properties.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;value.serializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        KafkaProducer&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; producer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> KafkaProducer&lt;&gt;(properties);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; i</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">++</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            producer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ProducerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, Integer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Kafka message &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;发送了消息&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        producer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p><code>send()</code>方法是异步的,添加消息到缓冲区等待发送并立即return,生产者会将单个消息批量在一起进行发送</p></li><li><p><code>ack</code>是判断是否发送成功的,<code>all</code>将会阻塞消息,这种性能是最低的,但是是最可靠的</p></li><li><p><code>retries</code>,如果请求失败,生产者会自动重试,如果启用重试,可能会产生重复消息</p></li><li><p>producer缓存每个分区未发送的消息,缓存的大小通过<code>batch.size</code>配置指定,数值较大会产生更大的批次并需要更大的内存</p><p>默认缓冲可立即发送,即使缓存空间没有满,但是如果想减少请求的数量,可设置<code>linger.ms</code>大于0,这将让生产者在发送请求前等待一会儿,希望更多的消息来填补到缓冲区中</p></li><li><p><code>buffer.memory</code>控制生产者可用的缓存总量,如果消息发送速度比其传输到服务器的快,将会耗尽缓存空间,当缓存空间耗尽时,其他发送调用将会被阻塞,阻塞实践的阈值通过<code>max.block.ms</code>设定,之后它将抛出一个TimeoutException</p></li><li><p><code>key.serializer</code>和<code>value.serializer</code>将用户提供的key和value对象ProducerRecord转换成字节,可以使用附带 的<strong>ByteArraySerializer</strong>或<strong>StringSeriializer</strong>处理byte或string类型</p></li></ul><h3 id="消费者" tabindex="-1">消费者 <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费者" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费者&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 23:59</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KafkaConsumerTests</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">kafkaConsumerTest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Properties props </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Properties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;bootstrap.servers&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.174.130:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;group.id&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;enable.auto.commit&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;auto.commit.interval.ms&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;1000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;key.deserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        props.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;value.deserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        KafkaConsumer&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; consumer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> KafkaConsumer&lt;&gt;(props);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        consumer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">subscribe</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Collections.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">singletonList</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ConsumerRecords&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; records </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> consumer.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">poll</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Duration.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ofMillis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ConsumerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; record </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> records)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 23:59</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KafkaConsumerTests</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">kafkaConsumerTest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Properties props </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Properties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;bootstrap.servers&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.174.130:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;group.id&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;enable.auto.commit&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;auto.commit.interval.ms&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;1000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;key.deserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        props.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setProperty</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;value.deserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        KafkaConsumer&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; consumer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> KafkaConsumer&lt;&gt;(props);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        consumer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">subscribe</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Collections.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">singletonList</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;test&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ConsumerRecords&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; records </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> consumer.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">poll</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Duration.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ofMillis</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ConsumerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; record </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> records)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>enable.auto.commit</code>自动提交偏移量,<code>auto.commit.interval.ms</code>控制提交的频率</li><li>客户端订阅了名为<code>test</code>的topic,消费者组叫test</li><li>broker通过心跳检测test消费组中的进程,消费者会自动ping集群,告诉集群他还活着,只要消费者停止心跳的时间超过了<code>session.timeout.ms</code>就会被认定为故障,它的分区将会被分配到别的进程</li></ul><h3 id="启动" tabindex="-1">启动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动&quot;">​</a></h3><p>先启动消费者,后启动生产者,可以看到消费者的终端输出了</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">502</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">503</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">504</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">505</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">506</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">507</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">508</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">509</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">510</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">511</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">512</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">513</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">514</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">12</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">515</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">13</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">13</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">516</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">14</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">517</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">518</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">519</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">17</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">17</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">520</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">521</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">19</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">19</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">offset</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">522</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">......</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">502</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">503</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">504</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">505</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">506</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">507</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">508</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">509</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">510</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">511</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">512</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">513</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">514</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">12</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">515</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">13</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">13</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">516</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">14</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">14</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">517</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">518</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">519</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">17</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">17</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">520</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">521</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">19</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">19</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">offset</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">522</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Kafka</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">......</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="springboot集成kafka" tabindex="-1">springboot集成kafka <a class="header-anchor" href="#springboot集成kafka" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;springboot集成kafka&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="依赖-1" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;spring-kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.springframework.kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;spring-kafka&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="生产者-1" tabindex="-1">生产者 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生产者-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生产者&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 21:49</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RequestMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KafkaDemoProducer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">GetMapping</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/send/{msg}&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sendMessage</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">PathVariable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">msg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ListenableFuture send </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kafkaTemplate.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;springboot-kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;测试发送:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> msg </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> System.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">currentTimeMillis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(send);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;发送成功&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/10 21:49</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RestController</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RequestMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KafkaDemoProducer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Autowired</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">GetMapping</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/send/{msg}&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sendMessage</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">PathVariable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">msg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ListenableFuture send </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kafkaTemplate.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;springboot-kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;测试发送:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> msg </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> System.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">currentTimeMillis</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(send);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;发送成功&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="消费者-1" tabindex="-1">消费者 <a class="header-anchor" href="#消费者-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;消费者&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/15 23:55</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KafkaDemoConsumer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">KafkaListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">topics</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;springboot-kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">onReceive</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ConsumerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">?</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接收消息:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">topic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">partition</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> record.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> xc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @createdTime 2021/5/15 23:55</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Component</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KafkaDemoConsumer</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">KafkaListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">topics</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;springboot-kafka&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">onReceive</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ConsumerRecord&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">?</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#E36209;">record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;接收消息:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">topic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">partition</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;-&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> record.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="测试" tabindex="-1">测试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#测试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;测试&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>启动应用</p></li><li><p>发送消息</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210516155645928.png" alt=""></p></li><li><p>日志</p></li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INFO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10808</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">---</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Kafka version: 2.6.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INFO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10808</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">---</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Kafka commitId: 62abe01bee039651</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INFO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10808</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">---</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Kafka startTimeMs: 1621151778430</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:56:18.435</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INFO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10808</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">---</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ad </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">producer-1]</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">org.apache.kafka.clients.Metadata</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [Producer </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">clientId=producer-1]</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Cluster</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ID:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">t54vUJ_qTWm-o8WmD-dfag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">org.springframework.util.concurrent.SettableListenableFuture@2a59dc33</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">接收消息:springboot-kafka-0-测试发送:hello-1621151778418</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INFO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10808</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">---</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Kafka version: 2.6.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INFO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10808</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">---</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Kafka commitId: 62abe01bee039651</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:56:18.430</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INFO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10808</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">---</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Kafka startTimeMs: 1621151778430</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2021-05-16</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:56:18.435</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INFO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10808</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">---</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ad </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">producer-1]</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">org.apache.kafka.clients.Metadata</span><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [Producer </span><span style="color:#032F62;">clientId=producer-1]</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Cluster</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ID:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">t54vUJ_qTWm-o8WmD-dfag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">org.springframework.util.concurrent.SettableListenableFuture@2a59dc33</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">接收消息:springboot-kafka-0-测试发送:hello-1621151778418</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/middleware/kakfa实践.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>kafka学习记录</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>kakfa重复消费问题处理</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_middleware_kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="kafka重复消费问题处理" tabindex="-1">kafka重复消费问题处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka重复消费问题处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka重复消费问题处理&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>最近在支援开发公司的财务对账系统，其中涉及一个功能点是某个对账单创建开票申请后，需要更新对账单的开票申请状态（未申请，部分申请，全部申请），这里使用了kafka,当创建开票申请后生产者即发送一条消息，消费者再去进行消费。</p><p>然后就碰到个问题，生产者这里是有事务的，因此会出现事务还没提交，开票申请数据还没有写入到数据库中，但是消息已经发送到kafka了，此时消费者直接消费消息时是查询不到这批开票申请数据的，就会出现创建开票申请业务实际成功了，但是对账单的开票申请状态仍为未申请。所以用了一个笨方法解决这个问题，在消费者线程中<code>sleep(5000)</code>，来确保消费到消息时生产者的事务已经提交。</p><p>在测试环境测试少量账单&amp;开票申请数据时是完全没有问题的，但是上了生产之后会有批量的账单数据推送过来，创建了大量的开票申请。这时候就发现异常情况了：消息队列中堆积了大量的消息，虽然日志一直还在正常跑，但是offset一直没变，并且过一段时间还会重复消费已经跑过日志的消息。</p><h2 id="重复消费的原因" tabindex="-1">重复消费的原因 <a class="header-anchor" href="#重复消费的原因" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重复消费的原因&quot;">​</a></h2><p>消费重复消费的根本原因都是：已经消费了数据，但是offset并没有提交。</p><p>网上找到的资料里有一段这么写的：</p><blockquote><p><strong>kafka消息重复消费很大一部分原因在于发生了再均衡。</strong></p><p>1）消费者宕机、重启等。导致消息已经消费但是没有提交offset。</p><p>2）消费者使用自动提交offset，但当还没有提交的时候，有新的消费者加入或者移除，发生了rebalance。再次消费的时候，消费者会根据提交的偏移量来，于是重复消费了数据。</p><p>3）消息处理耗时，或者消费者拉取的消息量太多，处理耗时，超过了max.poll.interval.ms的配置时间，导致认为当前消费者已经死掉，触发再均衡。</p></blockquote><p>日志：</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">This member will leave the group because consumer poll timeout has expired. This means the time between subsequent calls to poll() was longer than the configured max.poll.interval.ms, which typically implies that the poll loop is spending too much time processing messages. You can address this either by increasing max.poll.interval.ms or by reducing the maximum size of batches returned in poll() with max.poll.records.</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">This member will leave the group because consumer poll timeout has expired. This means the time between subsequent calls to poll() was longer than the configured max.poll.interval.ms, which typically implies that the poll loop is spending too much time processing messages. You can address this either by increasing max.poll.interval.ms or by reducing the maximum size of batches returned in poll() with max.poll.records.</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这里我碰到的情况就是第三种，因为消费者consumer每次拉取的消息较多，且有线程<code>sleep</code>的操作，所以导致处理超时了，超过<code>max.poll.interval.ms</code>的时间就会触发<code>rebalance</code>,然后就会重新分配消费者再次消费上次拉取的那批数据，这就是重复消费的原因。</p><h2 id="处理方案" tabindex="-1">处理方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#处理方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;处理方案&quot;">​</a></h2><p>了解了超时的原因，就好解决了，根据日志中的提示，我们可以调整<code>max.poll.interval.ms</code>和<code>max.poll.records</code>两个参数</p><ol><li>增加<code>max.poll.interval.ms</code>的值，默认值为300000,单位是ms，即5分钟，可以调整为10分钟</li><li>减少<code>max.poll.records</code>的值，默认是500，可以调整为100</li><li>减少业务代码中线程休眠的时间</li></ol><p>参考资料：</p><ol><li><a href="https://docs.confluent.io/platform/current/installation/configuration/consumer-configs.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.confluent.io/platform/current/installation/configuration/consumer-configs.html</a></li><li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/yangyongjie/p/14675119.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.cnblogs.com/yangyongjie/p/14675119.html</a></li></ol><blockquote><p><strong>Kafka知识回顾</strong></p><p>1、消费者常见参数</p><p>①：fetch.min.bytes，配置Consumer一次拉取请求中能从Kafka中拉取的最小数据量，默认为1B，如果小于这个参数配置的值，就需要进行等待，直到数据量满足这个参数的配置大小。调大可以提交吞吐量，但也会造成延迟</p><p>②：fetch.max.bytes，一次拉取数据的最大数据量，默认为52428800B，也就是50M，但是如果设置的值过小，甚至小于每条消息的值，实际上也是能消费成功的</p><p>③：fetch.wait.max.ms，若是不满足fetch.min.bytes时，等待消费端请求的最长等待时间，默认是500ms</p><p>④：max.poll.records，单次poll调用返回的最大消息记录数，如果处理逻辑很轻量，可以适当提高该值。一次从kafka中poll出来的数据条数,max.poll.records条数据需要在在session.timeout.ms这个时间内处理完，默认值为500</p><p>⑤：consumer.poll(100) ，100 毫秒是一个超时时间，一旦拿到足够多的数据（fetch.min.bytes 参数设置），consumer.poll(100)会立即返回 ConsumerRecords&lt;String, String&gt; records。如果没有拿到足够多的数据，会阻塞100ms，但不会超过100ms就会返回</p><p>⑥：session. timeout. ms ，默认值是10s，该参数是 Consumer Group 主动检测 (组内成员comsummer)崩溃的时间间隔。若超过这个时间内没有收到心跳报文，则认为此消费者已经下线。将触发再均衡操作</p><p>⑦：max.poll.interval.ms，两次拉取消息的间隔，默认5分钟；通过消费组管理消费者时，该配置指定拉取消息线程最长空闲时间，若超过这个时间间隔没有发起poll操作，则消费组认为该消费者已离开了消费组，将进行再均衡操作（将分区分配给组内其他消费者成员）</p><p>若超过这个时间则报如下异常：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.CommitFailedException: Commit cannot be completed since the group has already rebalanced and assigned the partitions to another member. This means that the time between subsequent calls to poll() was longer than the configured max.poll.interval.ms, which typically implies that the poll loop is spending too much time message processing. You can address this either by increasing the session timeout or by reducing the maximum size of batches returned in poll() with max.poll.records.</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.CommitFailedException: Commit cannot be completed since the group has already rebalanced and assigned the partitions to another member. This means that the time between subsequent calls to poll() was longer than the configured max.poll.interval.ms, which typically implies that the poll loop is spending too much time message processing. You can address this either by increasing the session timeout or by reducing the maximum size of batches returned in poll() with max.poll.records.</span></span></code></pre></div><p>即：无法完成提交，因为组已经重新平衡并将分区分配给另一个成员。这意味着对poll()的后续调用之间的时间比配置的max.poll.interval.ms长，这通常意味着poll循环花费了太多的时间来处理消息。</p><p>可以通过增加max.poll.interval.ms来解决这个问题，也可以通过减少在poll()中使用max.poll.records返回的批的最大大小来解决这个问题</p><p>2、poll机制</p><p>①：每次poll的消息处理完成之后再进行下一次poll，是同步操作</p><p>②：每次poll之前检查是否可以进行位移提交，如果可以，那么就会提交上一次轮询的位移</p><p>③：每次poll时，consumer都将尝试使用上次消费的offset作为起始offset，然后依次拉取消息</p><p>④：poll(long timeout)，timeout指等待轮询缓冲区的数据所花费的时间，单位是毫秒</p><p>3、再均衡 rebalance</p><p>将分区的所有权从一个消费者转移到其他消费者的行为称为再均衡（重平衡，rebalance）。</p><p>消费者通过向组织协调者（kafka broker）发送心跳来维护自己是消费者组的一员并确认其拥有的分区。对于不同不的消费群体来说，其组织协调者可以是不同的。只要消费者定期发送心跳，就会认为 消费者是存活的并处理其分区中的消息。当消费者检索记录或者提交它所消费的记录时就会发送心跳。</p><p>如果过了一段时间Kafka停止发送心跳了，会话（session）就会过期，组织协调者就会认为这个consumer已经死亡，就会触发一次重平衡。如果消费者宕机并且停止发送消息，组织协调者会等待几秒钟，确认它死亡了才会触发重平衡。在这段时间里，死亡的消费者将不处理任何消息。在清理消费者时，消费者将通知协调者它要离开群组，组织协调者会触发一次重平衡，尽量降低处理停顿。</p><p>重平衡是一把双刃剑，它为消费者群组带来高可用性和伸缩性的同时，还有有一些明显的缺点(bug)，而这些 bug 到现在社区还无法修改。也就是说，在重平衡期间，消费者组中的消费者实例都会停止消费（Stop The World），等待重平衡的完成。而且重平衡这个过程很慢。</p><p></p><p>触发再均衡的情况：</p><p>①：有新的消费者加入消费组、或已有消费者主动离开组</p><p>②：消费者超过session时间未发送心跳（已有 consumer 崩溃了）</p><p>③：一次poll()之后的消息处理时间超过了max.poll.interval.ms的配置时间，因为一次poll()处理完才会触发下次poll() （已有 consumer 崩溃了）</p><p>④：订阅主题数发生变更</p><p>⑤：订阅主题的分区数发生变更</p><p><strong>三、重复消费的解决方案</strong></p><p>由于网络问题，重复消费不可避免，因此，消费者需要实现消费幂等。</p><p>方案：</p><p>①：消息表</p><p>②：数据库唯一索引</p><p>③：缓存消费过的消息id</p><p><strong>四、项目kafka重复消费的排查</strong></p><p>重复消费问题1：</p><p>每次拉取的消息记录数max.poll.records为100，poll最大拉取间隔max.poll.interval.ms为 300s，消息处理过于耗时导致时长大于了这个值，导致再均衡发生重复消费</p><p>解决办法：</p><p>①：减少每次拉取的消息记录数和增大poll之间的时间间隔</p><p>②：拉取到消息之后异步处理（保证成功消费）</p></blockquote></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/middleware/kakfa重复消费问题处理.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>kakfa实践</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>kafka常用命令记录</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_middleware_%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="关于消息中间件mq" tabindex="-1">关于消息中间件MQ <a class="header-anchor" href="#关于消息中间件mq" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关于消息中间件MQ&quot;">​</a></h1><p><strong>本文以RabbitMQ为例</strong></p><h2 id="_1-为什么要使用mq" tabindex="-1">1.为什么要使用MQ <a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-为什么要使用mq" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;1.为什么要使用MQ&quot;">​</a></h2><p>这个问题也可以理解为MQ的作用,MQ的作用:</p><ul><li>异步:系统A中产生的一个数据,另外的系统BCD都需要对数据进行操作,不引入MQ时可以用A依次调用BCD的接口进行数据处理,这也就会耗费大量的时间,对于前台是无法接受的.如果引入MQ,可以将A系统的数据写入MQ,其他系统分别去消费数据,可以大大节省时间,优化体验</li><li>解耦:如上面所说的,不使用MQ时,需要在A系统的代码里分别调用BCD的接口,如果BCD的服务宕机就会对A系统产生影响,又或者BCD系统如果后期不需要这个数据了,那就要删除A系统中对应的代码,如果要增加E服务处理A的数据,那又要增加相应的E系统的代码,耦合严重.如果引入MQ,系统中不会存在太大影响,就算其他系统宕机,也不会对A产生影响</li><li>削峰:在高并发的情况下,如秒杀抢购活动,会在短时间内有大量请求涌入,如果流量太大,超过了系统的处理能力,可能就会导致我们的系统,数据库崩溃,可以将用户请求写入MQ,按照系统最大承载能力去处理请求,超过一定的阈值就将请求丢弃或给出错误提示</li></ul><h2 id="_2-消息队列的优缺点" tabindex="-1">2.消息队列的优缺点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-消息队列的优缺点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.消息队列的优缺点&quot;">​</a></h2><p>优点：</p><ul><li>对结构复杂的操作进行解耦，降低了系统的维护成本</li><li>对一个可以异步进行的操作进行异步化，可以减少响应时间</li><li>对高并发请求进行削峰，保证系统稳定性</li></ul><p>缺点：</p><ul><li><p>系统复杂度提高。需要考虑MQ的各种情况，如消息丢失，重复消费，顺序消费等</p></li><li><p>一致性问题。如A系统返回了成功的结果，BC系统成功了但D系统失败了</p></li><li><p>系统可用性问题。如果MQ宕机，可能会导致系统的崩溃</p></li></ul><h2 id="_3-如何保证消息队列高可用" tabindex="-1">3.如何保证消息队列高可用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-如何保证消息队列高可用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;3.如何保证消息队列高可用&quot;">​</a></h2><p>RabbitMQ有三种模式：单机、普通集群、镜像集群</p><p>**普通集群：**就是在多台服务器上启动多个rabbitmq实例，但是创建的队列只会放在一个rabbitmq实例中，其他的实例会同步这个队列的元数据。消费的时候如果连接了另一个实例，也会从拥有队列的那个实例获取消息然后返回。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//8494967-4832d2e63865764d.webp" alt="84949674832d2e63865764d.webp"></p><p>这种方案并不能做到高可用</p><p>**镜像集群：**真正的高可用模式，创建的queue无论元数据还是消息数据都存放在多个实例中，每次写消息到queue时，都会自动把消息同步到多个queue中。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//8494967-3a4af86b205cebcf.webp" alt="84949673a4af86b205cebcf.webp"></p><p>优点：实现了高可用，任何一台机器宕机，其他机器能继续使用</p><p>缺点：1、性能消耗较大，所有机器都要进行消息同步 2、没有扩展性，如果有一个queue负载很重，就算增加机器，新增的机器也包含这个queue的全部数据，</p><h2 id="_4-如何保证消息不重复消费" tabindex="-1">4.如何保证消息不重复消费 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_4-如何保证消息不重复消费" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;4.如何保证消息不重复消费&quot;">​</a></h2><p>保证消费的幂等性,让每条消息带一个全局唯一的bizId,具体过程:</p><p>1、消费者获取消息后先根据redis/db是否有该消息</p><p>2、如果不存在，则正常消费，消费完毕后写入redis/db</p><p>3、如果已经存在，证明已经消费过，直接丢弃</p><h2 id="_5-如何保证消息不丢失" tabindex="-1">5.如何保证消息不丢失 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-如何保证消息不丢失" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.如何保证消息不丢失&quot;">​</a></h2><p>原则：数据不能多也不能少，不能多是指不重复消费，不能少是指不能丢数据</p><p>丢失数据场景：</p><ul><li>生产者丢失数据：生产者发送数据到mq时可能因为网络波动丢失数据</li><li>rabbitmq丢失数据：如果没有开启rabbitmq持久化，一旦mq重启，数据就丢了</li><li>消费者丢失数据：消费者刚消费到还没开始处理，消费者就挂掉了，重启后mq就认为已经消费过了，丢掉了数据</li></ul><p>解决方案：</p><p><strong>针对生产者丢失数据：</strong></p><ul><li>rabbitmq事务，生产者发送消息前开启事务，如果消息没有发送成功生产者会收到异常报错，这时可以回滚并重试发送</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">channel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">txSelect</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  channel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rollback</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//重新发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">channel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">txSelect</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  channel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rollback</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//重新发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>**缺点：**开启事务会变成阻塞操作，造成生产者的性能和吞吐量的下降</p><ul><li>把channel设置成confirm模式，每次写的消息都会分配一个唯一的id，如果mq接到消息就会回调生产者的接口，通知消息已经收到，如果mq接受报错，也会回调通知，这样可以重试发送数据，伪代码如下</li></ul><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开启confirm模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">channel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">confirm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">在生产者服务提供一个回调接口的实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String messageId）{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//已经收到消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">nack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String messageId){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//重发消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//开启confirm模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">channel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">confirm</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">//发送消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">在生产者服务提供一个回调接口的实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String messageId）{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//已经收到消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">nack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String messageId){</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//重发消息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>**针对mq丢失数据：**开启mq的持久化，将交换机/队列的durable设置为true，表示交换机/队列时持久化的，在服务崩溃或重启后无需重新创建</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">RabbitListener</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">bindings</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">QueueBinding</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Queue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dynamicQueue&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">autoDelete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">durable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exchange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Exchange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">value</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;exchange&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">durable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;routingKey&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">dynamicQueue</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Message message, Channel channel) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接收消息：&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getBody</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">RabbitListener</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">bindings</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">QueueBinding</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Queue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dynamicQueue&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">autoDelete</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;false&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">durable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exchange</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Exchange</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">value</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;exchange&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">durable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">key</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;routingKey&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dynamicQueue</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Message message, Channel channel) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;接收消息：&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getBody</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果消息想从rabbitmq崩溃中回复，消息必须实现：</p><ul><li>消息发送前，把投递模式设置为2（持久）来标记为持久消息</li><li>将消息发送到持久交换机</li><li>将消息发送到持久队列</li></ul><p><strong>针对消费者丢失数据</strong>：关闭消费者的autoAck机制，然后每次处理完一条消息，主动发送ack给rabbitmq，如果此时还没发送ack就宕机，mq没有收到ack消息，就会重新将消息重新分配给其他</p><p>强制消费者手动确认：</p><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">manual</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">manual</span></span></code></pre></div><p>消费者手动ack：</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">channel.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">basicAck</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(message.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getMessageProperties</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getDeliveryTag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">channel.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">basicAck</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(message.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getMessageProperties</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getDeliveryTag</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="_6-如何保证消息的顺序消费" tabindex="-1">6.如何保证消息的顺序消费 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_6-如何保证消息的顺序消费" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;6.如何保证消息的顺序消费&quot;">​</a></h2><p>一个queue一个consumer</p><h2 id="_7-消息积压" tabindex="-1">7.消息积压 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-消息积压" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.消息积压&quot;">​</a></h2><p>1.先修复consumer的问题,确保恢复消费速度,然后停掉所有consumer</p><p>2.临时建立数十倍的queue</p><p>3.写一个临时分发的consumer程序,部署上去消费积压的消息,消费不做处理,直接轮询写入上一步建好的queue中</p><p>4.重新部署consumer(机器加倍),每一批consumer消费一个临时queue</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/middleware/关于消息中间件MQ.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/middleware/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E9%94%81%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>分布式锁解决方案</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>kafka学习记录</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_middleware_%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E9%94%81%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="分布式锁解决方案" tabindex="-1">分布式锁解决方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式锁解决方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式锁解决方案&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="分布式锁的概念" tabindex="-1">分布式锁的概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式锁的概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式锁的概念&quot;">​</a></h2><p>在单体应用中,对于并发处理公共资源时例如卖票,减商品库存这类操作,可以简单的加锁实现同步.但当单体应用服务化后,在分布式场景下,简单的加锁操作就无法实现需求了.这时就需要借助第三方组件来达到多进程多线程之间的同步操作.</p><p><strong>分布式锁</strong>:在分布式环境下,多个程序/线程都需要对某一份(有限份)数据进行修改时,针对程序进行控制,保证在同一时间节点下,只有一个程序/线程对数据进行操作的技术</p><h2 id="分布式锁的执行流程" tabindex="-1">分布式锁的执行流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式锁的执行流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式锁的执行流程&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-05_15-26-34.png" alt="Snipaste_20210305_152634.png"></p><h2 id="常见的解决方案" tabindex="-1">常见的解决方案: <a class="header-anchor" href="#常见的解决方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常见的解决方案:&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>基于数据库的唯一索引</li><li>基于数据库的排他锁</li><li>基于Redis的<code>EX NX</code>参数</li><li>基于ZooKeeper的临时有序节点</li></ul><h3 id="基于数据库的唯一索引" tabindex="-1">基于数据库的唯一索引 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于数据库的唯一索引" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于数据库的唯一索引&quot;">​</a></h3><p>步骤:</p><p>1.创建一张表,表中要有唯一索引的字段用于记录当前哪个程序在进行操作</p><p>2.程序访问时,将程序的编号insert到这张表中(保证这个编号符合规则可以区分)</p><p>3.insert操作成功则代表该程序获得了锁,可以执行业务逻辑</p><p>4.当其他相同编号的程序进行insert时,由于唯一索引的限制会失败,则代表获取锁失败</p><p>5.当占用锁的程序业务逻辑执行完毕后删除该数据,代表释放锁</p><h3 id="基于数据库的排他锁" tabindex="-1">基于数据库的排他锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于数据库的排他锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于数据库的排他锁&quot;">​</a></h3><p>以mysql为例的innodb引擎为例,可以使用<code>for update</code>语句来给数据库表加排他锁,当一个线程执行了for update操作给一条记录加锁后,其他线程无法再在该记录上增加排他锁</p><p>步骤:</p><p>1.开启事务</p><p>2.在查询语句后跟<code>for update</code> 例如 <code>select * from tb_goods where id=1 for update</code></p><p>3.成功获取排他锁的线程即获得了分布式锁,可以执行业务逻辑</p><p>4.执行完毕后需要<code>commit</code>提交事务来释放锁</p><p>==这种方式需要关闭数据库事务的自动提交==</p><p>以上两种通过数据库来实现分布式锁的方案比较==简单方便,可以快速实现==,但是基于数据库的操作,开销非常大,对服务的性能存在影响</p><h3 id="基于redis实现分布式锁" tabindex="-1">基于Redis实现分布式锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于redis实现分布式锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于Redis实现分布式锁&quot;">​</a></h3><p>redis实现分布式锁最核心的方法<code>setnx</code>,setnx的含义就是set if not exists,其中有两个参数setnx(key,value).该方法是原子的,如果key不存在,则设置当前key成功,返回1,如果key已存在,则设置当前key失败,返回0;</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-05_16-17-17.png" alt="Snipaste_20210305_161717.png"></p><h4 id="锁超时" tabindex="-1">锁超时 <a class="header-anchor" href="#锁超时" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;锁超时&quot;">​</a></h4><p>理想情况下,当某个程序抢占了锁后,处理完业务流程应该删除对应的key,如果这个过程中发生了问题,导致锁超时或者出现了异常,没有办法释放锁,就会产生死锁问题.</p><p>redis提供的另一个指令<code>EXPIRE</code>,来设置锁的过期时间<code>EXPIRE KEY seconds</code>来设置key的生存时间,如图</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-05_16-23-30.png" alt="Snipaste_20210305_162330.png"></p><p>两秒以后key就被自动删除了.</p><p>但是程序里我们也不能写成如下的代码</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrongGetLock1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Jedis jedis, String lockKey, String requestId, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expireTime) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Long result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> jedis.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setnx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lockKey, requestId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        jedis.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">expire</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(lockKey, expireTime);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doSomething</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrongGetLock1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Jedis jedis, String lockKey, String requestId, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expireTime) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Long result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> jedis.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setnx</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lockKey, requestId);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        jedis.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">expire</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(lockKey, expireTime);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doSomething</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>因为setnx和expire两个指令是两条命令并不具有原子性,如果在执行setnx后程序突然崩溃,没有设置过期时间就会发生死锁.</p><p>在redis2.6.12版本后,又提供了一个新的方案</p><blockquote><p>SET key value [EX seconds] [PX millisecounds] [NX|XX] EX seconds:设置键的过期时间为second秒 PX millisecounds:设置键的过期时间为millisecounds 毫秒 NX:只在键不存在的时候,才对键进行设置操作 XX:只在键已经存在的时候,才对键进行设置操作 SET操作成功后,返回的是OK,失败返回NIL</p></blockquote><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//Snipaste_2021-03-07_14-52-07.png" alt="Snipaste_20210307_145207.png"></p><h4 id="如何释放锁" tabindex="-1">如何释放锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何释放锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何释放锁&quot;">​</a></h4><p>释放锁的时候很容易联想到<code>del</code>指令,可是这个指令如果直接在代码中使用,会产生一个很严重的问题,拥有超时锁的线程会释放掉当前拥有锁的那个线程的锁</p><p>(删了不属于自己的锁)</p><p>场景:</p><ul><li>线程1,2,3分别尝试加锁最后只有1成功获得锁,其他线程加锁失败继续尝试</li><li>线程1开始执行业务代码,线程2,3继续尝试</li><li>线程1的锁超时了,自动释放了锁,此时线程2获得了锁,线程3继续尝试加锁</li><li>线程1的任务执行完毕,使用了del指令删除锁,线程2在执行业务代码,线程3这时会获得锁(因为线程1把线程2的锁删了)</li></ul><p>所以,我们要在set键值对的时候,保证可以区分开当前锁是否属于执行指令的这个线程,value我们可以设置为当前的requestID或线程的id</p><p>而这些步骤如果直接用代码控制则会显得较为繁琐,可以引入lua脚本</p><div class="language-lua vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">lua</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">call</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;get&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, KEYS[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ARGV[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">call</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;del&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, KEYS[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">end</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">call</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;get&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, KEYS[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ARGV[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> redis.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">call</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;del&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, KEYS[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">end</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上述lua脚本用于比较KEYS[1]对应的VALUE和ARG[1]的值是否一直,即当前锁是否属于当前线程,如果是true则删除锁,返回del结果,否则直接返回0</p><p>执行脚本可以使用redis的eval指令</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">jedis.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">eval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String script, List</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kyes,List</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args);</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">jedis.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">eval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String script, List</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kyes,List</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args);</span></span></code></pre></div><p>存在的问题:上面讨论的是单机redis的场景,如果是分布式下的redis哨兵集群会存在问题,如果线程1的锁加在了主库,这时候主库直接宕机,redis还没来得及将这个锁的数据同步至从节点,sentinel就将从库中的一台选举为主库了,这时候另一个线程也来进行加锁,也会成功,这时候便有两个线程同时获得了锁</p><p>这种情况可以使用Redisson redlock</p><blockquote><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Config config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">config.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">useSentinelServers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addSentinelAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6369&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6379&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6389&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setMasterName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;masterName&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setPassword</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">setDatabase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">RedissonClient redissonClient </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Redisson.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">create</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(config);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">RLock redLock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> redissonClient.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;REDLOCK_KEY&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">boolean</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> isLock;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	isLock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> redLock.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tryLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isLock) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//TODO if get lock success, do something;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	redLock.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">unlock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Config config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Config</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">config.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">useSentinelServers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addSentinelAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6369&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6379&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;127.0.0.1:6389&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setMasterName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;masterName&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setPassword</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;password&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">setDatabase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">RedissonClient redissonClient </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Redisson.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">create</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(config);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">RLock redLock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> redissonClient.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;REDLOCK_KEY&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">boolean</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> isLock;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	isLock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> redLock.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tryLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isLock) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//TODO if get lock success, do something;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">} </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	redLock.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">unlock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>由于 redisson 包的实现中，通过 lua 脚本校验了解锁时的 client 身份，所以我们无需再在 finally 中去判断是否加锁成功，也无需做额外的身份校验，可以说已经达到开箱即用的程度了。</p></blockquote><h3 id="基于zookeeper实现分布式锁" tabindex="-1">基于ZooKeeper实现分布式锁 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于zookeeper实现分布式锁" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于ZooKeeper实现分布式锁&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>zookeeper一般有多个节点构成(单数个),采用zab一致性协议,所以可以将zk看成一个单点结构,对其修改数据其内部会自动将所有节点进行修改才提供查询服务</p></li><li><p>zookeeper的数据是目录树的方式存储的,每个目录称为znode,znode可以存储数据,还可以在其中增加子节点</p></li><li><p>子节点有三种类型</p><ul><li>序列化节点:每在该节点下增加一个节点会自动给节点的名字自增</li><li>临时节点:一旦创建这个节点的客户端与服务器失去联系会自动删除节点</li><li>普通节点</li></ul></li><li><p>Watch机制,客户端可以监控每个节点的变化,产生变化时会给客户端产生一个事件</p></li></ul><h4 id="zookeeper分布式锁原理" tabindex="-1">zookeeper分布式锁原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#zookeeper分布式锁原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;zookeeper分布式锁原理&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><strong>获取和释放锁</strong>:利用临时节点的特性和watch机制,每个锁占用一个普通节点/lock,当需要获取锁时在/lock目录下创建一个临时节点,创建成功表示获取锁成功,失败则watch /lock节点,有删除操作时再去竞争锁。临时节点的好处在于当进程挂掉后自动上锁的节点会自动删除，即释放锁.</li><li><strong>获取锁的顺序</strong>:上锁为创建临时有序节点,每个上锁的节点均能创建节点成功,只是序号不同,只有序号最小的才能拥有锁,如果节点序号不是最小则watch序号比自身小的前一个节点(公平锁)</li></ul><p>获取锁的流程:</p><p>1.先有一个锁根节点,lockRootNode,可以是一个永久节点</p><p>2.客户端获取锁,先在lockRootNode下创建一个顺序的临时节点</p><p>3.调用lockRootNode节点的getChildren()方法获取所有节点,并从小到大排序,如果创建的最小的节点是当前节点,则返回true,获取锁成功,否则,watch比自己序号小的节点的释放动作(exist watch),这也可以保证每个客户端只需要watch一个节点</p><p>4.如果有节点释放操作,重复第3步</p><p>代码中可以使用<a href="http://curator.apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Apache Curator</a>来实现基于临时节点的分布式锁</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CuratorDistrLockTest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /** Zookeeper info */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String ZK_ADDRESS </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.1.100:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String ZK_LOCK_PATH </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/lockRootNode&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InterruptedException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1.Connect to zk</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        CuratorFramework client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CuratorFrameworkFactory.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">newClient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                ZK_ADDRESS,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RetryNTimes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        client.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;zk client start successfully!&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Thread t1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(client);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Thread t2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(client);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;t2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t1.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t2.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CuratorFramework </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">client</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        InterProcessMutex lock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">InterProcessMutex</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(client, ZK_LOCK_PATH);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (lock.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">acquire</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Thread.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; hold lock&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                Thread.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5000L</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Thread.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getName</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; release lock&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                lock.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">release</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CuratorDistrLockTest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /** Zookeeper info */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String ZK_ADDRESS </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.1.100:2181&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String ZK_LOCK_PATH </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/lockRootNode&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InterruptedException {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">// 1.Connect to zk</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        CuratorFramework client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CuratorFrameworkFactory.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">newClient</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                ZK_ADDRESS,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RetryNTimes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        client.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;zk client start successfully!&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Thread t1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(client);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Thread t2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(client);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;t2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t1.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t2.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doWithLock</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CuratorFramework </span><span style="color:#E36209;">client</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        InterProcessMutex lock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">InterProcessMutex</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(client, ZK_LOCK_PATH);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (lock.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">acquire</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Thread.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; hold lock&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                Thread.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5000L</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Thread.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">currentThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getName</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; release lock&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                lock.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">release</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>优缺点:</p><p><strong>优点</strong>:</p><ul><li>客户端如果宕机,可以立即释放锁</li><li>集群模式的稳定性高</li><li>可以通过watch机制实现阻塞锁</li></ul><p><strong>缺点:</strong></p><ul><li>一旦出现网络抖动,zk就会认为客户端挂掉并断掉连接,其他客户端就会获取锁</li><li>性能不高,每次获取锁和释放锁都基于创建删除临时节点,zk创建和删除节点只能通过leader服务器进行,然后再同步至所有follower上</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/middleware/分布式锁解决方案.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>关于消息中间件MQ</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" 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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_others_OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="openjdk没有jstack等命令的解决办法" tabindex="-1">OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#openjdk没有jstack等命令的解决办法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法&quot;">​</a></h1><p>使用yum list --showduplicate | grep java-1.8 找出相关的软件版本</p><p>yum install 安装图中这两个软件即可<img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//5b912b2afd7847419e5d2af77f733692.png" alt="jstack.png"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/others/OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法.md" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_others_POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="poi踩坑-zip-file-is-closed" tabindex="-1">POI踩坑-zip file is closed <a class="header-anchor" href="#poi踩坑-zip-file-is-closed" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;POI踩坑-zip file is closed&quot;">​</a></h1><p>前几天做一个大批量数据异步的导入,采用的是之前用过的事件模式处理,大致流程是用户上传excel文件后,主线程对excel表头进行校验,如果通过校验,则开辟子线程进行业务处理,主线程返回响应.</p><p>整个导入流程和原来做的没什么区别,就是这次整个业务流程都放在子线程中进行处理,原来做的那个导入是只是主线程读数据,读到设定的阈值时则新开线程进行数据的持久化.</p><p>之前的那个系统做的功能是没有什么问题的,只是前台需要等待主线程读取完数据,后台在异步的分批插入数据到db,主线程读取数据这个过程前端页面一直在loading,体验不是很好. 这次为了优化用户体验,整个读取和业务流程操作都放在子线程中,并且新增了进度条展示,但是出现了标题的Zip File is closed异常,但不能完全重现,时而出现,时而正常.完整堆栈信息如下:</p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Exception in thread </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;main&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.lang.IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Zip File is closed</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.util.ZipFileZipEntrySource.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getEntries</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ZipFileZipEntrySource.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">45</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.ZipPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getPartsImpl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ZipPackage.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">161</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getParts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">662</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">223</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">186</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at com.test.util.POIEventModeHandler.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(POIEventModeHandler.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">482</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	at com.test.util.Test.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Test.java</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Exception in thread </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;main&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.lang.IllegalStateException</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Zip File is closed</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.util.ZipFileZipEntrySource.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getEntries</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ZipFileZipEntrySource.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">45</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.ZipPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getPartsImpl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ZipPackage.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">161</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getParts</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">662</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">223</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(OPCPackage.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">186</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at com.test.util.POIEventModeHandler.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">handleExcel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(POIEventModeHandler.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">482</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	at com.test.util.Test.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Test.java</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>追踪源码后发现,出现这个异常时,读取的zipentry为null,简单点说就是读了个不存在的文件.</p><p>然后我才想起来项目里文件上传有个对应的拦截器,请求过来之后,拦截器会把前台传的文件先保存在服务器的临时目录中,我们的controller里拿到的文件路径封装的是服务器上的临时文件目录,而不是前台那个MultipartFile的,在controller响应的时候,这个拦截器又把临时文件删除了.所以我这个问题就是线程执行的随机性导致的,正常的时候先执行了子线程中读取临时文件的方法,此时再切换到主线程返回响应时,拦截器无法删除这个文件,而如果一直先执行的是主线程,拦截器会先把文件删掉,这个时候子线程执行open那个临时文件就会出现zip file is closed的异常.</p><p>由于拦截器是公用的,而且原来的逻辑是响应后删除临时文件避免服务器磁盘占用,所以处理方案就是主线程在新建子线程任务之前把这个临时文件再copy一份让子线程去读取这个copy,子线程的finally中再把这个copy的文件删除即可.</p><ul><li>补充 在搜这个问题的时候还看到有人直接用request中的multipartfile进行读取也会报这个错的情况,原因是客户端的文件路径poi没法直接读到,但是还有人直接用poi处理inputStream也会报错,所以推荐大家在使用poi事件模式读取前台上传的文件时,先将文件保存在服务器端,然后去读取服务器上的文件,处理完后再删除即可.</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/others/POI踩坑-zip file is closed.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_others_cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="cpu占用率高排查思路" tabindex="-1">cpu占用率高排查思路 <a class="header-anchor" href="#cpu占用率高排查思路" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;cpu占用率高排查思路&quot;">​</a></h1><p>1.<code>top</code>命令找出cpu占用率高的进程pid</p><p>2.<code>top -H -p pid</code> 找出cpu占用率高的线程tid</p><p>3.<code>printf &quot;%x&quot; tid</code>命令打印出tid的十六进制形式</p><p>4.<code>jstack pid | grep 十六进制tid -A 行数</code>打印堆栈信息 或者 <code>jstack pid &gt;&gt; log.txt</code>将堆栈信息保存在文件中，再从文件中查找对应线程的信息</p><p>5.<code>jstat -gcutil pid 5000</code> 每隔5秒打印一次gc情况</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">S0：幸存1区当前使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">S1：幸存2区当前使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">E：伊甸园区使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">O：老年代使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">M：元数据区使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">CCS：压缩使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">YGC：年轻代垃圾回收次数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">FGC：老年代垃圾回收次数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">FGCT：老年代垃圾回收消耗时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">GCT：垃圾回收消耗总时间</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">S0：幸存1区当前使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">S1：幸存2区当前使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">E：伊甸园区使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">O：老年代使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">M：元数据区使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">CCS：压缩使用比例</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">YGC：年轻代垃圾回收次数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">FGC：老年代垃圾回收次数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">FGCT：老年代垃圾回收消耗时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">GCT：垃圾回收消耗总时间</span></span></code></pre></div><p>6.<code>jmap -heap pid</code> 查看堆内存详细信息</p><p>7.<code>jmap -histo pid &gt; xxx.log</code> 输出gc日志到文件</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/others/cpu占用率高排查思路.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is 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data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_others_feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录" tabindex="-1">feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>有个功能需要做ip的判断，区分请求是来自用户端还是来自其他服务的feign调用，其中有个一个服务发起的feign调用，一直无法获取到真实的服务器ip，而一直是用户端的ip。</p><h2 id="排查" tabindex="-1">排查 <a class="header-anchor" href="#排查" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;排查&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li>首先贴出来获取ip的工具类</li></ol><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> String </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getIpAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(HttpServletRequest request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x-forwarded-for&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Proxy-Client-IP&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;WL-Proxy-Client-IP&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getRemoteAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据网卡取本机配置的IP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                InetAddress inet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    inet </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> InetAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLocalHost</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (UnknownHostException </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    e.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> inet.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHostAddress</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照&#39;,&#39;分割</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">length</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//&quot;***.***.***.***&quot;.length() = 15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                ipAddress </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">substring</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ipAddress;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> String </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getIpAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(HttpServletRequest request) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x-forwarded-for&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Proxy-Client-IP&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;WL-Proxy-Client-IP&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;unknown&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ipAddress)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getRemoteAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//根据网卡取本机配置的IP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                InetAddress inet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    inet </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> InetAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLocalHost</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (UnknownHostException </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    e.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printStackTrace</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> inet.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHostAddress</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照&#39;,&#39;分割</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">length</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) { </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">//&quot;***.***.***.***&quot;.length() = 15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                ipAddress </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">substring</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, ipAddress.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">indexOf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ipAddress;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li>根据调试发现，请求的``x-forwarded-for`请求头是一直包含两个ip的，第一个ip是用户端的ip，第二个是nginx所在的服务器ip，这个也好理解，通过代理转发的请求，会把代理ip拼在真实ip后面。但是问题是这个请求是由其他服务feign发起的，理应不存在nginx转发（通过注册中心的服务名调用，绕过nginx）。</li></ol><blockquote><p><a href="https://imququ.com/post/x-forwarded-for-header-in-http.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HTTP 请求头中的 X-Forwarded-For</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/shouke/p/15511149.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Nginx remote_addr和proxy_add_x_forwarded_for变量详解</a>]</p></blockquote><ol start="3"><li>把问题转到排查feign调用上后发现，该服务实例化了feign.builder来实现传递自定义请求头的目标</li></ol><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Feign.Builder </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">feignBuilder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		</span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Feign.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">builder</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">requestInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RequestInterceptor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			@</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			</span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">apply</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(RequestTemplate </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">requestTemplate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; customHeaders </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> WebUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCustomHeaders</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				customHeaders.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">forEach</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">((k, v) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">					requestTemplate.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">header</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(k, v);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">				});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">		});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String, String</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getCustomHeaders</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        HttpServletRequest request </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> RequestContextHelper.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getRequest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Enumeration&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; headerNames </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHeaderNames</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(headerNames.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hasMoreElements</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            String headerName </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ((String)headerNames.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">nextElement</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()).</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toLowerCase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (headerName.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">startsWith</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x-&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                String headerValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(headerName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (headerValue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    headers.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(headerName, headerValue);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        headers.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x-invoker-ip&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, IpUtils.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getLocalIpAddr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">containsKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x-auth-token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            headers.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">put</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x-auth-token&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, TokenGenerator.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">generateWithSign</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> headers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Bean</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Feign.Builder </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">feignBuilder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Feign.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">builder</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">requestInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RequestInterceptor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			@</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apply</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(RequestTemplate </span><span style="color:#E36209;">requestTemplate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; customHeaders </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> WebUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCustomHeaders</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				customHeaders.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">forEach</span><span style="color:#24292E;">((k, v) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">					requestTemplate.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">header</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(k, v);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">				});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">			}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">		});</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">String, String</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getCustomHeaders</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">HashMap</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        HttpServletRequest request </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> RequestContextHelper.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getRequest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Enumeration&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; headerNames </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHeaderNames</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(headerNames.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hasMoreElements</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            String headerName </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ((String)headerNames.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">nextElement</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()).</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toLowerCase</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (headerName.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">startsWith</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x-&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                String headerValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getHeader</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(headerName);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (headerValue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    headers.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(headerName, headerValue);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        headers.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x-invoker-ip&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, IpUtils.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getLocalIpAddr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">containsKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x-auth-token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            headers.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">put</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x-auth-token&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, TokenGenerator.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">generateWithSign</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> headers;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><p>至此，问题解决，x-forwarded-for被放在了feign请求头中，导致了上述问题，这里把x-forwarded-for请求头排除即可。</p><ol start="4"><li><p>分析：</p><p>请求流程： 用户-&gt;nginx-&gt;网关服务-&gt;a服务-&gt;feign调用-&gt;b服务</p></li></ol><p>用户的请求通过nignx后代理ip就会被添加到x-forwarded-for请求头中，此时x-forwarded-for请求头为:<code>用户ip,nginx服务器的ip</code>，后请求从网关路由到a服务，a服务通过feign.buider的添加拦截器方法，增加了一个添加指定请求头到feign的请求中的拦截器，导致原来的x-forwarded-for被原封不动的传到了b服务，b服务根据这个请求头获取ip时，就拿到了原始用户的ip。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/others/feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_others_linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="linux服务器安装openoffice踩坑" tabindex="-1">linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux服务器安装openoffice踩坑" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>最近公司项目需要做一个在线预览Office文件的功能,尝试了使用OpenOffice把Office文档转化成PDF格式和HTML格式的文件再由前端解析PDF或者直接通过iFrame访问HTML文件的方案,windows系统直接下载安装后cmd运行命令就可以启动openoffice的服务了.服务器就稍微麻烦一点,本文记录了我在自己的阿里云服务器上安装OpenOffice遇到的坑和解决的办法. 解压安装OpenOffice,这个网上搜一下有很多,不再详细记录.可以参考 <a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/Oliver-rebirth/p/Linux_openOffice.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">linux环境下安装 openOffice 并启动服务</a></p><h2 id="遇到的问题" tabindex="-1">遇到的问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#遇到的问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;遇到的问题&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>找不到Java运行环境 这个问题是因为我服务器上的JDK是解压版本的,虽然配置了JAVA_HOME这些但是openoffice识别不到,后来我就删了这个解压版的JDK,然后用yum命令安装了OpenJDK 1.8,命令:<code>yum install openjdk 1.8</code>重新配置了JAVA_HOME后解决了这个报错</li><li>找不到libXext.so.6 /opt/openoffice4/program/下缺少libXext.so.6文件 运行<code>yum install libXext.X86_64</code>. 这个是64位linux的版本,32位的系统需要改成对应的版本</li><li>no suitable windowing system found existing 运行<code>yum groupinstall &quot;X Window System&quot;</code>,我在运行这个命令的时候,又碰到了另一个报错:<strong>no packages in any requested group available to install or update</strong>, 这里命令后面要加上一些参数,执行<code>yum groupinstall &quot;X Window System&quot; --setoptgroup_package_type=mandatory.default.optional</code></li></ul><p>解决报错后,再重新执行启动服务的命令 <code>nohup ./soffice -headless -accept=&quot;socket,host=127.0.0.1,port=8100;urp;&quot; -nofirststartwizard &amp;</code></p><p>执行后可以使用netstat命令查看8100端口的占用情况<code>net stat -lnp|grep 8100</code> 可以看到soffice.bin就说明服务成功启动了</p><p>然后启动测试的demo后发现,office文件转换成PDF后中文出现乱码,这是因为服务器上没有中文字体,用ftp工具把windows的中文字体直接传到服务器上的/usr/share/fonts文件夹中,清除缓存后重新启动openoffice服务后就能正确显示中文了.</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/others/linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path 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closed</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" 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data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_others_mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题" tabindex="-1">mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题&quot;">​</a></h1><p>今天同事碰到个问题，在服务中引入了另一个服务的mapper文件后找不到其中配置的resultMap引发报错。后经排查是因为配置文件中classpath的配置问题引起的。</p><p><code>classpath:</code>: 只会从当前服务的class目录下寻找文件</p><p><code>classpath*:</code>: 会从class目录下寻找文件，还会从引入的依赖（打包后lib文件夹中的jar包）中寻找文件</p><p>所以当把mybatis的classpath配置从<code>classpath:</code>改为<code>classpath*:</code>后问题能解决了</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink 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diff --git "a/java/others/ribbon\345\210\267\346\226\260\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\210\227\350\241\250\351\227\264\351\232\224\345\222\214canal\347\232\204\345\235\221.html" "b/java/others/ribbon\345\210\267\346\226\260\346\234\215\345\212\241\345\210\227\350\241\250\351\227\264\351\232\224\345\222\214canal\347\232\204\345\235\221.html"
new file mode 100644
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" 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d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85OpenOffice%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux服务器安装OpenOffice踩坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/POI%E8%B8%A9%E5%9D%91-zip%20file%20is%20closed.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>POI踩坑-zip file is 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data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>cpu占用率高排查思路</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_others_ribbon%E5%88%B7%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%94%E5%92%8Ccanal%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%91" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑" tabindex="-1">ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>ribbon有个参数可以用来调整刷新server list的时间间隔参数。</p></blockquote><h2 id="serverlistrefreshinterval" tabindex="-1">ServerListRefreshInterval <a class="header-anchor" href="#serverlistrefreshinterval" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ServerListRefreshInterval&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>ribbon-loadbalancer-2.2.0-sources.jar!/com/netflix/client/config/CommonClientConfigKey.java</code></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IClientConfigKey&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; ServerListRefreshInterval </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CommonClientConfigKey&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Integer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ServerListRefreshInterval&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">){};</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IClientConfigKey&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; ServerListRefreshInterval </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CommonClientConfigKey&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Integer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ServerListRefreshInterval&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">){};</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="pollingserverlistupdater" tabindex="-1">PollingServerListUpdater <a class="header-anchor" href="#pollingserverlistupdater" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;PollingServerListUpdater&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>ribbon-loadbalancer-2.2.0-sources.jar!/com/netflix/loadbalancer/PollingServerListUpdater.java</code></p><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">long</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getRefreshIntervalMs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(IClientConfig clientConfig) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> clientConfig.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(CommonClientConfigKey.ServerListRefreshInterval, LISTOFSERVERS_CACHE_REPEAT_INTERVAL);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">synchronized</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> UpdateAction updateAction) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (isActive.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">compareAndSet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">final</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Runnable wrapperRunnable </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Runnable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                @</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">isActive.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (scheduledFuture </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            scheduledFuture.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cancel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        updateAction.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doUpdate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        lastUpdated </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> System.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">currentTimeMillis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">warn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Failed one update cycle&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            scheduledFuture </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getRefreshExecutor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scheduleWithFixedDelay</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    wrapperRunnable,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    initialDelayMs,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    refreshIntervalMs,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        } </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            logger.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Already active, no-op&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">long</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getRefreshIntervalMs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(IClientConfig clientConfig) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> clientConfig.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(CommonClientConfigKey.ServerListRefreshInterval, LISTOFSERVERS_CACHE_REPEAT_INTERVAL);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">synchronized</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> UpdateAction updateAction) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (isActive.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">compareAndSet</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">final</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Runnable wrapperRunnable </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Runnable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                @</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Override</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">isActive.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (scheduledFuture </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            scheduledFuture.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cancel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        updateAction.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doUpdate</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        lastUpdated </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> System.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">currentTimeMillis</span><span style="color:#24292E;">();</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">catch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Exception </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">warn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Failed one update cycle&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, e);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            };</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            scheduledFuture </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getRefreshExecutor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scheduleWithFixedDelay</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    wrapperRunnable,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    initialDelayMs,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    refreshIntervalMs,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            );</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        } </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            logger.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Already active, no-op&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到有个定时线程,每隔一定时间会去刷新服务的列表,因此,这个时间不要改的太长,默认应该是30s,公司的测试环境不知道是哪位大佬出于什么考虑改的,我反正已经改回去了 = =.</p><h2 id="canal的坑" tabindex="-1">canal的坑 <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal的坑" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal的坑&quot;">​</a></h2><p>公司用canal主要是因为有新旧两个系统,两个系统同时在运转,目前还没有完全迁移,因此用canal保证新旧系统数据的一致性,这次主要是修复一个楼层信息不同步的bug,问题是更新的时候有个状态字段被写死了,没有用kafka里消息体里的数据更新,这个小问题上周就修复了,自测通过了的,这周测试复测结果发现什么操作都同步不了.这使我一度陷入了自我怀疑.... 然后去看监控的服务日志,发现确实是什么数据库的变更都检测不到了,因为不熟悉这套东西,看了半天也没看出来问题,只能求助我们头儿,然后据他说这个问题经常出现,然后就删了canal实例里面的meta.bat文件,然后运行./restart.sh,重启之后果然恢复正常了,具体啥原因我还没搞懂,日后研究明白了再补充</p><p>后续:canal提供了tsdb时序数据库,上次碰到的canal报错问题,是因为监控表的元数据跟现有数据不一致导致的,tsdb中会记录所有对监控的表的操作记录,但是有一张表加了两个字段(57+2)后,这两条alter语句不知道什么情况没有被记录到tsdb的history表中,导致监控到的表的列数不匹配,canal认为还是57列,实际为59,由于是测试环境,所以直接把这张表copy了一份然后把原表删了,再把copy的表改个名字就ok了</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/others/ribbon刷新服务列表间隔和canal的坑.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/others/feign%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7ip%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>feign请求导致的用户ip获取问题记录</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/others/cpu%E5%8D%A0%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87%E9%AB%98%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>cpu占用率高排查思路</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>后端允许跨域配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89MybatisPlusGenerator.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>自定义MybatisPlusGenerator</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/framework/Spring%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Spring配置和条件化组件加载注解</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 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data-v-e31bd47b>分布式锁解决方案</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6MQ.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>关于消息中间件MQ</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka学习记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa实践</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kakfa%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kakfa重复消费问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/middleware/kafka%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>kafka常用命令记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" 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data-v-e31bd47b>MySql索引</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/SQL%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>SQL优化学习</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/database/Otter%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Otter实现数据全量增量同步</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>工具</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/Maven%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Maven的生命周期</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/java/devtool/nexus%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>nexus无法下载依赖的问题记录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path 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data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _java_others_%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类" tabindex="-1">微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>小程序授权登录获取用户手机号功能</p><h2 id="依赖" tabindex="-1">依赖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#依赖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;依赖&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-xml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">xml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;org.bouncycastle&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;bcprov-jdk16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1.46&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;commons-codec&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">groupId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;commons-codec&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;1.4&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dependency</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;org.bouncycastle&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;bcprov-jdk16&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1.46&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;commons-codec&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">groupId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;commons-codec&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">artifactId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    &lt;</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;1.4&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#22863A;">dependency</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="代码" tabindex="-1">代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;代码&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-java vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">java</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> javax.crypto.Cipher;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.security.Security;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.security.spec.AlgorithmParameterSpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> java.util.Map;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description 微信敏感数据对称解密工具类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @create 2021/4/30 15:32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">WeixinDecryptUtils</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 微信加密数据对称解密</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">appId</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">       公众号/小程序id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encryptData</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">   加密数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">iv</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">          加密初始向量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sessionKey</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">    会话密钥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#F97583;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">              解密数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decrypt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">appId</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">sessionKey</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encryptData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,String </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">iv</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] decodeEncryptData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(encryptData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] decodeIv </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(iv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] decodeSessionKey </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sessionKey);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Security.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">addProvider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">BouncyCastleProvider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        AlgorithmParameterSpec ivSpec </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">IvParameterSpec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(decodeIv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Cipher cipher </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Cipher.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">getInstance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;AES/CBC/PKCS7Padding&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;BC&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        SecretKeySpec keySpec </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">SecretKeySpec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(decodeSessionKey, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;AES&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cipher.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec, ivSpec);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">byte</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] doFinal </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cipher.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">doFinal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(decodeEncryptData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String str </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(doFinal);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map map </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str, Map.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; watermark </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (Map</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">String, Object</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) map.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;watermark&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (watermark </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">appId.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(watermark.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;appid&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">new</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">RunException</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Invalid encrpytedData watermark appId &quot;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">appId</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,parsed appID &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(String)watermark.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;appid&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> map;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">void</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[] </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">throws</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Exception{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String appId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;wx4f4bc4dec97d474b&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String sessionKey </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tiihtNczf5v6AKRyjwEUhQ==&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String encryptedData </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;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&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        String iv </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;r7BXXKkLb8qrSNn05n0qiA==&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">String</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&gt; decode </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decrypt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(appId, sessionKey, encryptedData, iv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">println</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(JSON.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toJSONString</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(decode));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> javax.crypto.Cipher;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.security.Security;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.security.spec.AlgorithmParameterSpec;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> java.util.Map;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">/**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@author</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @description 微信敏感数据对称解密工具类</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> * @create 2021/4/30 15:32</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"> */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">WeixinDecryptUtils</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">    /**</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * 微信加密数据对称解密</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">appId</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">       公众号/小程序id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encryptData</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">   加密数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">iv</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">          加密初始向量</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@param</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sessionKey</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">    会话密钥</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     * </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">@return</span><span style="color:#6A737D;">              解密数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">     */</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decrypt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">appId</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">sessionKey</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encryptData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,String </span><span style="color:#E36209;">iv</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] decodeEncryptData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(encryptData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] decodeIv </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(iv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] decodeSessionKey </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Base64.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decodeBase64</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sessionKey);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Security.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">addProvider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">BouncyCastleProvider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">());</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        AlgorithmParameterSpec ivSpec </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">IvParameterSpec</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(decodeIv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Cipher cipher </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Cipher.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">getInstance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;AES/CBC/PKCS7Padding&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;BC&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        SecretKeySpec keySpec </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">SecretKeySpec</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(decodeSessionKey, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;AES&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cipher.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec, ivSpec);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">byte</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] doFinal </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cipher.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">doFinal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(decodeEncryptData);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String str </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(doFinal);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map map </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> JSON.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parseObject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str, Map.class);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; watermark </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (Map</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">String, Object</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) map.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;watermark&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (watermark </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;">appId.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(watermark.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;appid&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throw</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">new</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RunException</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Invalid encrpytedData watermark appId &quot;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">appId</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,parsed appID &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(String)watermark.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;appid&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> map;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">void</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[] </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">throws</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Exception{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String appId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;wx4f4bc4dec97d474b&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String sessionKey </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tiihtNczf5v6AKRyjwEUhQ==&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String encryptedData </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;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&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        String iv </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;r7BXXKkLb8qrSNn05n0qiA==&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Map&lt;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">String</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&gt; decode </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decrypt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(appId, sessionKey, encryptedData, iv);</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        System.out.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">println</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(JSON.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toJSONString</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(decode));</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/java/others/微信小程序加密数据对称解密工具类.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/java/others/OpenJDK%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89jstack%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>OpenJDK没有jstack等命令的解决办法</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/java/others/mybatis%E7%9A%84classpath%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%AF%BC%E8%87%B4%E7%9A%84jar%E5%8C%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>mybatis的classpath配置导致的jar包读取问题</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" 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data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" 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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_applications_Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="canal部署" tabindex="-1">canal部署 <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal部署" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal部署&quot;">​</a></h1><p>canal官方仓库:<code>https://github.com/alibaba/canal/</code></p><p>wiki:<code>https://github.com/alibaba/canal/wiki</code></p><p>canal的用途是基于mysql的binlog日志解析，提供增量数据的订阅和消费。简单的场景：通过canal监控mysql数据变更从而及时更新redis中对应的缓存。</p><p>本文主要介绍canal在服务器端的部署，包括<code>canal-admin</code>,<code>canal-tsdb配置</code>以及<code>instance</code>配置。</p><p>首先需要下载canal的发行版，下载地址：<a href="https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E9%87%8C%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%84v1.1.5%E3%80%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BAcentos7%E3%80%82" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases，可自行选择版本，这里直接选择最新的v1.1.5。系统版本为centos7。</a></p><h2 id="canal-admin" tabindex="-1">canal admin <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal-admin" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal admin&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>解压</li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">tar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zxvf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">canal.admin-1.1.5.tar.gz</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/home/install/canal/admin</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">zxvf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">canal.admin-1.1.5.tar.gz</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/home/install/canal/admin</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>执行conf文件夹中的canal_manager.sql建表</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617000438523.png" alt="image-20210617000438523"></p><p>修改conf文件夹中的application.yml</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617001123953.png" alt="image-20210617001123953"></p><ul><li><p>开放admin控制台的端口，以默认的8089为例</p><p>开放端口：<code>firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8089/tcp --permanent</code></p><p>配置立即生效：<code>firewall-cmd --reload</code></p></li></ul></li><li><p>执行bin目录的startup.sh</p></li><li><p>访问8089端口</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617001200010.png" alt="image-20210617001200010"></p></li><li><p>使用默认账号密码 admin/123456即可登录</p></li><li><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617001457272.png" alt="image-20210617001457272"></p></li></ul><blockquote><blockquote><p>canal-admin的核心模型主要有：</p></blockquote><ol><li>instance，对应canal-server里的instance，一个最小的订阅mysql的队列</li><li>server，对应canal-server，一个server里可以包含多个instance</li><li>集群，对应一组canal-server，组合在一起面向高可用HA的运维</li></ol><p>简单解释：</p><ol><li>instance因为是最原始的业务订阅诉求，它会和 server/集群 这两个面向资源服务属性的进行关联，比如instance A绑定到server A上或者集群 A上，</li><li>有了任务和资源的绑定关系后，对应的资源服务就会接收到这个任务配置，在对应的资源上动态加载instance，并提供服务 <ul><li>动态加载的过程，对应配置文件中的autoScan配置，只不过基于canal-admin之后可就以变为远程的web操作，而不需要在机器上运维配置文件</li></ul></li><li>将server抽象成资源之后，原本canal-server运行所需要的canal.properties/instance.properties配置文件就需要在web ui上进行统一运维，每个server只需要以最基本的启动配置 (比如知道一下canal-admin的manager地址，以及访问配置的账号、密码即可)</li></ol></blockquote><ul><li><p>新建server，按照图中配置即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617001928077.png" alt="image-20210617001928077"></p><blockquote><p>配置项：</p><ul><li>所属集群，可以选择为单机 或者 集群。一般单机Server的模式主要用于一次性的任务或者测试任务</li><li>Server名称，唯一即可，方便自己记忆</li><li>Server Ip，机器ip</li><li>admin端口，canal 1.1.4版本新增的能力，会在canal-server上提供远程管理操作，默认值11110</li><li>tcp端口，canal提供netty数据订阅服务的端口</li><li>metric端口， promethues的exporter监控数据端口 (未来会对接监控)</li></ul></blockquote></li></ul><h2 id="canal-deployer" tabindex="-1">canal deployer <a class="header-anchor" href="#canal-deployer" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;canal deployer&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>解压</li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">tar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xzvf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">canal.deployer-1.1.5.tar.gz</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/home/install/canal/deployer</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xzvf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">canal.deployer-1.1.5.tar.gz</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/home/install/canal/deployer</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>用conf目录下的canal_local.properties替换canal.properties</p></li><li><p>执行bin目录下的startup.sh</p></li><li><p>直接在canal admin的webUI界面中配置instance即可</p><ul><li><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210617002844737.png" alt="image-20210617002844737"></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon 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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Nginx配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Canal部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_applications_Clash" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="clash" tabindex="-1">Clash <a class="header-anchor" href="#clash" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Clash&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>Repo：<a href="https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash</a></p><p>Premium Binary：<a href="https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases/tag/premium" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases/tag/premium</a></p><p>Configuration：<a href="https://dreamacro.github.io/clash/configuration/configuration-reference.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://dreamacro.github.io/clash/configuration/configuration-reference.html</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="配置" tabindex="-1">配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>下载最新版的premium内核二进制文件</p></li><li><p>编写配置文件</p><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /root/.config/clash/config.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (HTTP and SOCKS5 in one port)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">mixed-port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7890</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RESTful API for clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">external-controller</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">127.0.0.1:9090</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">secret</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">allow-lan</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">mode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rule</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">log-level</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">warning</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">tun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">stack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">system</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># system gvisor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">auto-route</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">auto-detect-interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">dns-hijack</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">any:53</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># DNS hijacking might result in a failure, if the system DNS is at a private IP address (since auto-route does not capture private network traffic).</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">dns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">listen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">0.0.0.0:7874</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ipv6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">default-nameserver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">114.114.114.114</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">nameserver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">119.29.29.29</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">223.5.5.5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8.8.8.8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">fallback</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://dns.cloudflare.com/dns-query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tls://dns.google:853</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://1.1.1.1/dns-query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enhanced-mode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">fake-ip</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># fake-ip redir-host</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">fake-ip-range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">198.18.0.1/16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">fake-ip-filter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.lan&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.localdomain&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.example&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.invalid&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.localhost&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.test&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.local&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.home.arpa&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time.*.gov</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time.*.edu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time.*.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time-ios.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time1.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time2.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time3.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time4.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time5.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time6.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time7.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp1.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp2.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp3.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp4.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp5.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp6.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntp7.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.time.edu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.ntp.org.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.pool.ntp.org&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">time1.cloud.tencent.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">music.163.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.music.163.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.126.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">musicapi.taihe.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">music.taihe.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">songsearch.kugou.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">trackercdn.kugou.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.kuwo.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">api-jooxtt.sanook.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">api.joox.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">joox.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">y.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.y.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">streamoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mobileoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">isure.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">aqqmusic.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">amobile.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.xiami.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.music.migu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">music.migu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.msftconnecttest.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.msftncsi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost.ptlogin2.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost.sec.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.tencent.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.n.n.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.playstation.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xbox.*.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.*.xboxlive.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xbox.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xnotify.xboxlive.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.battlenet.com.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wotgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wggames.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wowsgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wargaming.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">proxy.golang.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stun.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stun.*.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">heartbeat.belkin.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.linksys.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.linksyssmartwifi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mobileoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">isure.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">aqqmusic.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">amobile.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.xiami.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.music.migu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">music.migu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.msftconnecttest.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.msftncsi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost.ptlogin2.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">localhost.sec.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.tencent.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.n.n.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.playstation.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xbox.*.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.*.xboxlive.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xbox.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xnotify.xboxlive.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.battlenet.com.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wotgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wggames.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wowsgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.wargaming.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">proxy.golang.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stun.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stun.*.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">heartbeat.belkin.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.linksys.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.linksyssmartwifi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.router.asus.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mesu.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swscan.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swquery.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swdownload.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swcdn.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swdist.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">lens.l.google.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stun.l.google.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.nflxvideo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.square-enix.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.finalfantasyxiv.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.ffxiv.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.ff14.sdo.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ff.dorado.sdo.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;*.mcdn.bilivideo.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.media.dssott.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">shark007.net</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Mijia Cloud</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.cmbchina.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.cmbimg.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">local.adguard.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.sandai.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;+.n0808.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">proxy-providers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">provider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./profile/provider.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">subscription.url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">36000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">health-check</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://www.gstatic.com/generate_204</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3600</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">proxy-groups</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">select</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">provider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">rule-providers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">reject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/reject.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/reject.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">icloud</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/icloud.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/icloud.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">apple</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/apple.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/apple.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># google:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   type: http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   behavior: domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   url: &quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules@release/google.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   path: ./ruleset/google.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   interval: 86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">proxy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/proxy.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/proxy.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">direct</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/direct.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/direct.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">private</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/private.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/private.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">gfw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/gfw.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/gfw.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">tld-not-cn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/tld-not-cn.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/tld-not-cn.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">telegramcidr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/telegramcidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/telegramcidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">cncidr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/cncidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/cncidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">lancidr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/lancidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/lancidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">applications</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">behavior</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">classical</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">url</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/applications.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">./ruleset/applications.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Script Shortcuts enables the use of script in rules mode. By default, DNS resolution takes place for SCRIPT rules. no-resolve can be appended to the rule to prevent the resolution. (i.e.: SCRIPT,quic,DIRECT,no-resolve)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">engine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">expr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># or starlark (10x to 20x slower)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">shortcuts</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">quic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">network == &#39;udp&#39; and dst_port == 443</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">resolve_process_name() == &#39;curl&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># curl: resolve_process_path() == &#39;/usr/bin/curl&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">not_common_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dst_port not in [21, 22, 23, 53, 80, 123, 143, 194, 443, 465, 587, 853, 993, 995, 998, 2052, 2053, 2082, 2083, 2086, 2095, 2096, 5222, 5228, 5229, 5230, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888, 8889]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">rules</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SCRIPT,not_common_port,DIRECT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只代理常规端口，常用于防止PT、BT的流量走代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SCRIPT,quic,REJECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DST-PORT,22,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,applications,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DOMAIN,clash.razord.top,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DOMAIN,yacd.haishan.me,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,private,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,reject,REJECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,icloud,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,apple,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - RULE-SET,google,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,proxy,PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,direct,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,lancidr,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,cncidr,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RULE-SET,telegramcidr,PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">GEOIP,LAN,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">GEOIP,CN,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">MATCH,PROXY</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /root/.config/clash/config.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (HTTP and SOCKS5 in one port)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">mixed-port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7890</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># RESTful API for clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">external-controller</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">127.0.0.1:9090</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">secret</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123456</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">allow-lan</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">mode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rule</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">log-level</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">warning</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">tun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">stack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">system</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># system gvisor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">auto-route</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">auto-detect-interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">dns-hijack</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">any:53</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># DNS hijacking might result in a failure, if the system DNS is at a private IP address (since auto-route does not capture private network traffic).</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">dns</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">listen</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">0.0.0.0:7874</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ipv6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">default-nameserver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">114.114.114.114</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">nameserver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">119.29.29.29</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">223.5.5.5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8.8.8.8</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">fallback</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://dns.cloudflare.com/dns-query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tls://dns.google:853</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://1.1.1.1/dns-query</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enhanced-mode</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">fake-ip</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># fake-ip redir-host</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">fake-ip-range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">198.18.0.1/16</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">fake-ip-filter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.lan&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.localdomain&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.example&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.invalid&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.localhost&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.test&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.local&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.home.arpa&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time.*.gov</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time.*.edu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time.*.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time-ios.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time1.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time2.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time3.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time4.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time5.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time6.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time7.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp1.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp2.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp3.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp4.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp5.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp6.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntp7.*.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.time.edu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.ntp.org.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.pool.ntp.org&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">time1.cloud.tencent.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">music.163.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.music.163.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.126.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">musicapi.taihe.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">music.taihe.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">songsearch.kugou.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">trackercdn.kugou.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.kuwo.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">api-jooxtt.sanook.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">api.joox.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">joox.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">y.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.y.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">streamoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mobileoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">isure.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">aqqmusic.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">amobile.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.xiami.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.music.migu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">music.migu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.msftconnecttest.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.msftncsi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost.ptlogin2.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost.sec.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.tencent.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.n.n.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.playstation.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xbox.*.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.*.xboxlive.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xbox.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xnotify.xboxlive.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.battlenet.com.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wotgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wggames.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wowsgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wargaming.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">proxy.golang.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stun.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stun.*.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">heartbeat.belkin.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.linksys.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.linksyssmartwifi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mobileoc.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">isure.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">aqqmusic.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">amobile.music.tc.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.xiami.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.music.migu.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">music.migu.cn</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.msftconnecttest.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.msftncsi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost.ptlogin2.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">localhost.sec.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.qq.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.tencent.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.n.n.srv.nintendo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.playstation.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xbox.*.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.*.xboxlive.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xbox.*.microsoft.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xnotify.xboxlive.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.battlenet.com.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wotgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wggames.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wowsgame.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.wargaming.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">proxy.golang.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stun.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stun.*.*.*</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.stun.*.*.*.*.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">heartbeat.belkin.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.linksys.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.linksyssmartwifi.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.router.asus.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mesu.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swscan.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swquery.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swdownload.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swcdn.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swdist.apple.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">lens.l.google.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stun.l.google.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.nflxvideo.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.square-enix.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.finalfantasyxiv.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.ffxiv.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.ff14.sdo.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ff.dorado.sdo.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;*.mcdn.bilivideo.cn&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.media.dssott.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">shark007.net</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Mijia Cloud</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.cmbchina.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.cmbimg.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">local.adguard.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.sandai.net&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;+.n0808.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">proxy-providers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">provider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./profile/provider.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">subscription.url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">36000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">health-check</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://www.gstatic.com/generate_204</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3600</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">proxy-groups</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">select</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">provider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">rule-providers</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">reject</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/reject.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/reject.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">icloud</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/icloud.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/icloud.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">apple</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/apple.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/apple.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># google:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   type: http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   behavior: domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   url: &quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules@release/google.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   path: ./ruleset/google.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   interval: 86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">proxy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/proxy.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/proxy.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">direct</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/direct.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/direct.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">private</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/private.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/private.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">gfw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/gfw.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/gfw.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">tld-not-cn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/tld-not-cn.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/tld-not-cn.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">telegramcidr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/telegramcidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/telegramcidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">cncidr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/cncidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/cncidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">lancidr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ipcidr</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/lancidr.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/lancidr.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">applications</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">behavior</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">classical</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">url</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/clash-rules/release/applications.txt&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">./ruleset/applications.yaml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">86400</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Script Shortcuts enables the use of script in rules mode. By default, DNS resolution takes place for SCRIPT rules. no-resolve can be appended to the rule to prevent the resolution. (i.e.: SCRIPT,quic,DIRECT,no-resolve)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">script</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">engine</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">expr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># or starlark (10x to 20x slower)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">shortcuts</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">quic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">network == &#39;udp&#39; and dst_port == 443</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">resolve_process_name() == &#39;curl&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># curl: resolve_process_path() == &#39;/usr/bin/curl&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">not_common_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dst_port not in [21, 22, 23, 53, 80, 123, 143, 194, 443, 465, 587, 853, 993, 995, 998, 2052, 2053, 2082, 2083, 2086, 2095, 2096, 5222, 5228, 5229, 5230, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888, 8889]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">rules</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SCRIPT,not_common_port,DIRECT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只代理常规端口，常用于防止PT、BT的流量走代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SCRIPT,quic,REJECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DST-PORT,22,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,applications,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DOMAIN,clash.razord.top,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DOMAIN,yacd.haishan.me,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,private,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,reject,REJECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,icloud,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,apple,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - RULE-SET,google,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,proxy,PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,direct,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,lancidr,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,cncidr,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RULE-SET,telegramcidr,PROXY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">GEOIP,LAN,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">GEOIP,CN,DIRECT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">MATCH,PROXY</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/systemd/system/clash.service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Description=clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ExecStart=/usr/bin/clash -d /root/.config/clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># systemctl daemon-reload</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/systemd/system/clash.service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Description=clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">ExecStart=/usr/bin/clash -d /root/.config/clash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># systemctl daemon-reload</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h2 id="管理api" tabindex="-1">管理API <a class="header-anchor" href="#管理api" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;管理API&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>获取代理信息：<code>curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9090/proxies --header &#39;Authorization: Bearer 123456&#39;</code></li><li>获取指定代理信息：<code>curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9090/proxies/{proxyGroupName} --header &#39;Authorization: Bearer 123456&#39;</code></li><li>代理组切换指定节点：<code>curl -X PUT http://127.0.0.1:9090/proxies/{proxyGroupName} --header &#39;Authorization: Bearer 123456&#39; --header &quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot; -d &#39;{&quot;name&quot;: &quot;代理节点名称&quot;}&#39;</code></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/applications/Clash.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Grafana</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>linux磁盘操作相关</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink 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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_applications_FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="ffmpeg相关" tabindex="-1">FFmpeg相关 <a class="header-anchor" href="#ffmpeg相关" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;FFmpeg相关&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>FFmpeg: A complete, cross-platform solution to record, convert and stream audio and video.</p></blockquote><h3 id="提取视频文件中的音频文件并输出" tabindex="-1">提取视频文件中的音频文件并输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#提取视频文件中的音频文件并输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;提取视频文件中的音频文件并输出&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ffmpeg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">input.mp4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-vn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-acodec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">libmp3lame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-q:a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/Downlaods/output.mp3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ffmpeg</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">input.mp4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-vn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-acodec</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">libmp3lame</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-q:a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/Downlaods/output.mp3</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><code>-vn</code>:禁用复制视频流，只提取音频流</li><li><code>-acodec libmp3lame</code>：指定输出使用 LAME MP3 编码器进行编码。</li><li><code>-q:a 0</code>：设置输出音频的质量。<code>0</code> 表示最高品质。</li></ul><h3 id="yt-dlp下载最高质量音频并由ffmpeg输出mp3" tabindex="-1">yt-dlp下载最高质量音频并由ffmpeg输出mp3 <a class="header-anchor" href="#yt-dlp下载最高质量音频并由ffmpeg输出mp3" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;yt-dlp下载最高质量音频并由ffmpeg输出mp3&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yt-dlp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bestaudio</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ffmpeg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-i</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-vn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-acodec</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">libmp3lame</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-q:a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/downloads/output.mp3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yt-dlp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bestaudio</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-o</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ffmpeg</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-i</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-vn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-acodec</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">libmp3lame</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-q:a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/downloads/output.mp3</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="yt-dlp下载最高质量视频-音频并合成一个视频" tabindex="-1">yt-dlp下载最高质量视频&amp;音频并合成一个视频 <a class="header-anchor" href="#yt-dlp下载最高质量视频-音频并合成一个视频" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;yt-dlp下载最高质量视频&amp;音频并合成一个视频&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yt-dlp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bestvideo+bestaudio</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/Downloads/output.mp4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--recode-video</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mp4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yt-dlp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bestvideo+bestaudio</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-o</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/Downloads/output.mp4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--recode-video</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mp4</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" 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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Nginx配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Canal部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_applications_Grafana" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="grafana" tabindex="-1">Grafana <a class="header-anchor" href="#grafana" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Grafana&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="告警" tabindex="-1">告警 <a class="header-anchor" href="#告警" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;告警&quot;">​</a></h2><p>grafana的告警可以使用Go Template语法来读取内置的变量数据并输出到告警邮件中</p><p>比如alert query从Loki日志中查询，可以同时从日志中提取出自己需要的关键属性作为标签:</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">count_over_time(</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{job=</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&quot;wechat&quot;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">}</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">= </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">订单申请退款失败</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pattern</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">_</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> orderNo=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">orderNo</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> refundNo=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">refundNo</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">m])</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">count_over_time(</span><span style="color:#24292E;">{job=</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&quot;wechat&quot;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">}</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;">= </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">订单申请退款失败</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pattern</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">_</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> orderNo=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">orderNo</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> refundNo=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">refundNo</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">m])</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的查询提取了订单号、退款单号的数据，标签会存在<code>_value_string_</code>中，可以使用$values访问，在Summary中填写以下模板：</p><div class="language-go vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">go</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ with $values }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $k, $v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  订单编号: {{$v.Labels.orderNo}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  退款单号: {{$v.Labels.refundNo}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  服务器实例: {{$v.Labels.instance}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{{ end }}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ with $values }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $k, $v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> . }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  订单编号: {{$v.Labels.orderNo}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  退款单号: {{$v.Labels.refundNo}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  服务器实例: {{$v.Labels.instance}}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ end }}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{{ end }}</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p><a href="https://community.grafana.com/t/how-to-use-alert-message-templates-in-grafana/67537/3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://community.grafana.com/t/how-to-use-alert-message-templates-in-grafana/67537/3</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="匿名访问" tabindex="-1">匿名访问 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名访问" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名访问&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>首先在Administration中创建新的组织<code>Guest</code></li><li>修改配置文件</li></ul><div class="language-ini vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ini</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># grafana.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[auth.anonymous]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># enable anonymous access</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">enabled</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># specify organization name that should be used for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">org_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = Guest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># specify role for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">org_role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = Viewer</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># mask the Grafana version number for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">hide_version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = true</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># grafana.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[auth.anonymous]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># enable anonymous access</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">enabled</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># specify organization name that should be used for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">org_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = Guest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># specify role for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">org_role</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = Viewer</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># mask the Grafana version number for unauthenticated users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">hide_version</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = true</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/applications/Grafana.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>FFmpeg相关</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Clash</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%90%AF%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%86%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E5%B9%B6%E7%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div 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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Nginx配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Canal部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_applications_Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="linux中使用selenium" tabindex="-1">Linux中使用selenium <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux中使用selenium" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux中使用selenium&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="安装linux版chrome" tabindex="-1">安装linux版chrome <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装linux版chrome" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装linux版chrome&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="centos" tabindex="-1">centos <a class="header-anchor" href="#centos" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;centos&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm</code></p><p><code>yum install google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm</code></p><h2 id="安装相关库" tabindex="-1">安装相关库 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装相关库" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装相关库&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>yum install mesa-libOSMesa-devel gnu-free-sans-fonts wqy-zenhei-fonts</code></p><h3 id="ubuntu" tabindex="-1">ubuntu <a class="header-anchor" href="#ubuntu" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ubuntu&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb</code><code>sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb </code></p><blockquote><p>安装报错</p><p>dpkg: error processing package google-chrome-stable (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ... Errors were encountered while processing: google-chrome-stable</p></blockquote><p>使用<code>sudo apt-get install -f</code>修复依赖关系，</p><p><em>如果系统中有某个软件包不满足依赖条件,这个命令就会自动修复,将要安装那个软件包依赖的软件包。</em></p><h2 id="安装chromedriver" tabindex="-1">安装chromedriver <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装chromedriver" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装chromedriver&quot;">​</a></h2><p>淘宝源地址：<code>http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/</code></p><p>需要根据不同版本的chrome进行选择下载，比如我安装的chrome是96版本的，那么chromedriver就需要找对应的96版本</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20220104161559216.png" alt="image-20220104161559216"></p><p>这里选择一个最近更新的即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20220104161718088.png" alt="image-20220104161718088"></p><p>这里下载linux版本,下载后解压，把解压后的chromedriver可执行文件移动到path下，例如<code>/usr/bin</code></p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">wget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/96.0.4664.45/chromedriver_linux64.zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">unzip</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">chromedriver_linux64.zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mv</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">chromedriver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">+x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/bin/chromedriver</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/96.0.4664.45/chromedriver_linux64.zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">unzip</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">chromedriver_linux64.zip</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mv</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">chromedriver</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">+x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/bin/chromedriver</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="使用python测试" tabindex="-1">使用python测试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用python测试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用python测试&quot;">​</a></h2><p>linux下无头浏览器模式：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--no-sandbox&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--disable-dev-shm-usage&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">driver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">driver.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.baidu.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./baidu.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;w&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fp:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fp.write(driver.page_source)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--no-sandbox&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--disable-dev-shm-usage&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">driver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">driver.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.baidu.com&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./baidu.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;w&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fp:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fp.write(driver.page_source)</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/applications/Linux中使用selenium.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/applications/Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Canal部署</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>screen的进阶用法</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Nginx配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Canal部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_applications_Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="nginx配置" tabindex="-1">nginx配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#nginx配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;nginx配置&quot;">​</a></h1><p>记录常用、踩坑的nginx配置内容</p><h2 id="http" tabindex="-1">http <a class="header-anchor" href="#http" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;http&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="upstream" tabindex="-1">upstream <a class="header-anchor" href="#upstream" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;upstream&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>upstream指令主要用于负载均衡，设置一系列的后端服务器</p></blockquote><h3 id="server" tabindex="-1">server <a class="header-anchor" href="#server" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;server&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>server块的指令主要用于指定主机和端口</p></blockquote><h4 id="listen" tabindex="-1">listen <a class="header-anchor" href="#listen" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;listen&quot;">​</a></h4><p>监听的端口号</p><ul><li><p><code>default_server</code>：定义默认的 server 处理没有成功匹配 server_name 的请求，如果没有显式定义，则会选取第一个定义的server作为default_server。</p><ul><li><p>显式定义：<code>listen 80 default_server</code></p></li><li><p>隐式定义</p><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">http</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果没有显式声明 default server 则第一个 server 会被隐式的设为 default server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># _ 并不是重点 __ 也可以 ___也可以</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">403</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 403 forbidden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">www.a.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">http</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果没有显式声明 default server 则第一个 server 会被隐式的设为 default server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">_; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># _ 并不是重点 __ 也可以 ___也可以</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">403</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 403 forbidden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">www.a.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="server-name" tabindex="-1">server_name <a class="header-anchor" href="#server-name" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;server_name&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p><code>server_name storyxc.com</code>：完整匹配</p></li><li><p><code>server_name *.storyxc.com</code>：<code>*</code>开始的通配符匹配</p><ul><li>特殊情况：<code>.storyxc.com</code>能同时匹配<code>storyxc.com</code>和<code>*.storyxc.com</code></li></ul><blockquote><p>A wildcard name may contain an asterisk only on the name’s start or end, and only on a dot border. The names “<code>www.*.example.org</code>” and “<code>w*.example.org</code>” are invalid. However, these names can be specified using regular expressions, for example, “<code>~^www\..+\.example\.org$</code>” and “<code>~^w.*\.example\.org$</code>”. An asterisk can match several name parts. The name “<code>*.example.org</code>” matches not only <code>www.example.org</code> but <code>www.sub.example.org</code> as well.</p><p>A special wildcard name in the form “<code>.example.org</code>” can be used to match both the exact name “<code>example.org</code>” and the wildcard name “<code>*.example.org</code>”.</p></blockquote></li><li><p><code>server_name mail.* </code>：<code>*</code>结尾的通配符匹配</p></li><li><p><code>server_name ~^(?&lt;user&gt;.+)\.storyxc\.com$</code>第一个匹配的正则表达式（按照配置文件中出现的顺序）</p></li><li><p><code>server_name _</code>：通常使用<code>_</code>作为<code>default server</code>的server_name</p></li></ul><h3 id="location" tabindex="-1">location <a class="header-anchor" href="#location" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;location&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>location块用于匹配网页位置</p></blockquote><h4 id="匹配规则" tabindex="-1">匹配规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匹配规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匹配规则&quot;">​</a></h4><p>location支持正则表达式匹配，也支持条件判断匹配</p><p>语法规则：<code> location [=|~|~*|^~] /uri/ { … }</code></p><ul><li><code>=</code>：完全精确匹配</li><li><code>^~</code>：表示uri以某个常规字符串开头，理解为匹配url路径即可，nginx不对url进行编码</li><li><code>~</code>：表示区分大小写的正则匹配</li><li><code>~*</code>：表示不区分大小写的正则匹配</li><li><code>!~</code>：区分大小写不匹配</li><li><code>!~*</code>：不区分大小写不匹配</li><li><code>/</code>：通用匹配，优先级最低</li></ul><p>匹配顺序：<code>=</code>最高，正则匹配其次（按照规则顺序），通用匹配<code>/</code>最低，匹配成功时停止匹配按照当前规则处理请求</p><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">~</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 匹配所有扩展名以.gif、.jpg、.jpeg、.png、.bmp、.swf结尾的静态文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> root </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/wwwroot/xxx;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># expires用来指定静态文件的过期时间，这里是30天</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> expires </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">30d;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">~</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 匹配所有扩展名以.gif、.jpg、.jpeg、.png、.bmp、.swf结尾的静态文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> root </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/wwwroot/xxx;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># expires用来指定静态文件的过期时间，这里是30天</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> expires </span><span style="color:#24292E;">30d;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">~</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">^/(upload|html)/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 匹配所有/upload /html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">	root </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/web/wwwroot/www.cszhi.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">	expires </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">30d;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">~</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">^/(upload|html)/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 匹配所有/upload /html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">	root </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/web/wwwroot/www.cszhi.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">	expires </span><span style="color:#24292E;">30d;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="location和proxy-pass是否带-的影响" tabindex="-1">location和proxy_pass是否带<code>/</code>的影响 <a class="header-anchor" href="#location和proxy-pass是否带-的影响" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;location和proxy_pass是否带`/`的影响&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/xqin/nginx-proxypass-server-paths" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/xqin/nginx-proxypass-server-paths</a></p></blockquote><table><thead><tr><th>Case #</th><th>Nginx location</th><th>proxy_pass URL</th><th>Test URL</th><th>Path received</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>01</td><td>/test01</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080</a></td><td>/test01/abc/test</td><td>/test01/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>02</td><td>/test02</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/</a></td><td>/test02/abc/test</td><td>//abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>03</td><td>/test03/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080</a></td><td>/test03/abc/test</td><td>/test03/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>04</td><td>/test04/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/</a></td><td>/test04/abc/test</td><td>/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>05</td><td>/test05</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1</a></td><td>/test05/abc/test</td><td>/app1/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>06</td><td>/test06</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1/</a></td><td>/test06/abc/test</td><td>/app1//abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>07</td><td>/test07/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1</a></td><td>/test07/abc/test</td><td>/app1abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>08</td><td>/test08/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1/</a></td><td>/test08/abc/test</td><td>/app1/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>09</td><td>/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080</a></td><td>/test09/abc/test</td><td>/test09/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/</a></td><td>/test10/abc/test</td><td>/test10/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app1</a></td><td>/test11/abc/test</td><td>/app1test11/abc/test</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>/</td><td><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8080/app2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://127.0.0.1:8080/app2/</a></td><td>/test12/abc/test</td><td>/app2/test12/abc/test</td></tr></tbody></table><h4 id="root和alias区别" tabindex="-1">root和alias区别 <a class="header-anchor" href="#root和alias区别" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;root和alias区别&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>alias指定的是准确目录，且最后必须是<code>/</code>，否则就会访问失败</li><li>root是指定目录的上级目录</li></ul><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/abc </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> root </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/wwwroot/aaa;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 此规则匹配的最终资源路径为/wwwroot/aaa/abc/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果访问的是/abc/a.html,则最终访问的资源是服务器中的/wwwroot/aaa/abc/a.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> index </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/abc </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> alias </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/wwwroot/aaa/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 此规则匹配的最终资源路径为/wwwroot/aaa/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果访问的是/abc/b.txt，则最终访问的资源是/wwwroot/aaa/b.txt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> index </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/abc </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> root </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/wwwroot/aaa;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> 	</span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 此规则匹配的最终资源路径为/wwwroot/aaa/abc/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果访问的是/abc/a.html,则最终访问的资源是服务器中的/wwwroot/aaa/abc/a.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> index </span><span style="color:#24292E;">index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/abc </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> alias </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/wwwroot/aaa/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 此规则匹配的最终资源路径为/wwwroot/aaa/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果访问的是/abc/b.txt，则最终访问的资源是/wwwroot/aaa/b.txt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> index </span><span style="color:#24292E;">index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="访问静态资源重定向问题" tabindex="-1">访问静态资源重定向问题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#访问静态资源重定向问题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;访问静态资源重定向问题&quot;">​</a></h4><p>当nginx监听的不是80端口时，访问文件夹且末尾不是<code>/</code>，则nginx会进行301永久重定向，此时会丢掉客户端访问时的端口号，可以通过以下配置解决，作用是将不以 <code>/</code> 结尾的目录 URL 重定向至以 <code>/</code> 结尾的目录 URL。使用 <code>-d</code> 判断 <code>$request_filename</code> 是否为一个目录，如果是，则使用 <code>rewrite</code> 指令进行重写。其中，<code>[^/]$</code> 表示匹配不以 <code>/</code> 结尾的 URL，即目录 URL，<code>$scheme://$http_host$uri/</code> 表示重定向目标 URL，其中使用了 <code>$scheme</code> 变量表示客户端请求所使用的协议（HTTP 或 HTTPS）、<code>$http_host</code> 变量表示客户端请求的 HOST 头部信息、<code>$uri</code> 变量表示客户端请求的 URI。</p><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-d </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$request_filename) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">rewrite</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">^/]$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $scheme://$http_host$uri/ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">permanent</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> try_files </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$uri $uri/ /index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-d </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$request_filename) {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">rewrite</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">^/]$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $scheme://$http_host$uri/ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">permanent</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> try_files </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$uri $uri/ /index.html;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="变量" tabindex="-1">变量 <a class="header-anchor" href="#变量" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;变量&quot;">​</a></h2><table><thead><tr><th>变量名</th><th>作用</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>$scheme</td><td>请求使用的协议 (http 或 https)</td></tr><tr><td>$host</td><td>当前请求的主机名，不包括端口号。</td></tr><tr><td>$http_host</td><td>完整的HTTP主机头，包括主机名和端口号。</td></tr><tr><td>$request_uri</td><td>完整的请求 URI,包括查询字符串</td></tr><tr><td>$uri</td><td>当前请求的 URI (不包含请求参数)</td></tr><tr><td>$args</td><td>当前请求的参数部分,不包括问号</td></tr><tr><td>$request_method</td><td>当前请求的方法 (GET、POST 等)</td></tr><tr><td>$remote_addr</td><td>客户端 IP 地址</td></tr><tr><td>$server_addr</td><td>服务器 IP 地址</td></tr><tr><td>$server_name</td><td>当前请求的服务器名称</td></tr><tr><td>$server_protocol</td><td>服务器使用的协议版本</td></tr><tr><td>$request_filename</td><td>当前请求的文件路径和名称</td></tr><tr><td>$document_root</td><td>当前请求的根目录</td></tr><tr><td>$is_args</td><td>如果请求包含参数部分，值为 ?，否则为空字符串</td></tr><tr><td>$query_string</td><td>当前请求的查询字符串部分,包括问号（?）</td></tr><tr><td>$http_user_agent</td><td>客户端发送的 User-Agent 头部信息</td></tr><tr><td>$http_referer</td><td>客户端发送的 Referer 头部信息</td></tr><tr><td>$http_cookie</td><td>客户端发送的 Cookie 头部信息</td></tr><tr><td>$remote_port</td><td>客户端端口号</td></tr><tr><td>$server_port</td><td>服务器端口号</td></tr><tr><td>$realpath_root</td><td>请求根目录的实际路径</td></tr><tr><td>$content_type</td><td>请求的内容类型</td></tr><tr><td>$content_length</td><td>请求的内容长度</td></tr><tr><td>$request_body</td><td>请求的主体内容</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="proxy-set-header" tabindex="-1">proxy_set_header <a class="header-anchor" href="#proxy-set-header" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;proxy_set_header&quot;">​</a></h2><table><thead><tr><th>配置指令</th><th>作用</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header Host $host;</code></td><td>设置代理请求的主机头，通常用于传递客户端的原始主机头。<code>$http_host</code>传递包含端口号。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;</code></td><td>设置代理请求的客户端真实IP地址，用于传递客户端的真实IP地址给后端服务器。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;</code></td><td>用于将客户端的原始IP地址添加到<code>X-Forwarded-For</code>头中，以便后端服务器知道请求的真实来源。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;</code></td><td>设置代理请求的协议（HTTP或HTTPS），以便后端服务器知道请求的协议类型。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header User-Agent $http_user_agent;</code></td><td>传递客户端的User-Agent头，用于识别客户端的浏览器或应用程序。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header Referer $http_referer;</code></td><td>传递客户端的Referer头，通常用于跟踪页面来源。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;</code></td><td>传递客户端的Cookie头，以便后端服务器可以访问客户端的Cookie数据。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header Connection &quot;&quot;;</code></td><td>清除代理请求的Connection头，通常用于避免代理干扰连接的管理。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;</code></td><td>用于处理WebSocket连接的Upgrade头，通常与WebSocket代理一起使用。</td></tr><tr><td><code>proxy_set_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;</code></td><td>用于设置<code>X-Frame-Options</code>头，控制网页是否可以嵌套在其他网页中显示。</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/applications/Nginx配置.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path 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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" 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data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_applications_iptables" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="iptables" tabindex="-1">iptables <a class="header-anchor" href="#iptables" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iptables&quot;">​</a></h1><p>iptables是一个用户级程序，用于操作内核级的网络模块<code>netfilter</code></p><h2 id="表和链" tabindex="-1">表和链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#表和链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;表和链&quot;">​</a></h2><p>iptables的功能由表的形式呈现，每张表由若干个链组成，每个链可以分配一组规则</p><p>iptables有五张内建表，按照优先级高到底分别是：Raw、Mangle、NAT、Filter、Security</p><h3 id="raw" tabindex="-1">Raw <a class="header-anchor" href="#raw" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Raw&quot;">​</a></h3><p>此表负责数据包标记，决定数据包是否被状态跟踪机制处理，Raw表有2个内建链</p><ul><li>PREROUTING：用于通过任何网络接口到达的数据包</li><li>OUTPUT：针对本地进程产生的数据包</li></ul><h3 id="mangle" tabindex="-1">Mangle <a class="header-anchor" href="#mangle" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Mangle&quot;">​</a></h3><p>此表负责更改数据包内容,Mangle表有5个内建链</p><ul><li>PREROUTING</li><li>OUTPUT</li><li>FORWARD</li><li>INPUT</li><li>POSTROUTING</li></ul><h3 id="nat" tabindex="-1">NAT <a class="header-anchor" href="#nat" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;NAT&quot;">​</a></h3><p>此表负责数据包的ip地址转换，NAT表有3种内建链</p><ul><li>PREROUTING：处理刚到达本机并在路由转发前的数据包。它会转换数据包中的目标IP地址（destination ip address），通常用于DNAT(destination NAT)。</li><li>POSTROUTING：处理即将离开本机的数据包。它会转换数据包中的源IP地址（source ip address），通常用于SNAT（source NAT）。</li><li>OUTPUT：处理本机产生的数据包。</li></ul><h3 id="filter" tabindex="-1">Filter <a class="header-anchor" href="#filter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Filter&quot;">​</a></h3><p>此表负责过滤数据包，iptables的默认表，具有3种内建链</p><ul><li>INPUT：处理来自外部的数据。</li><li>OUTPUT：处理向外发送的数据。</li><li>FORWARD：将数据转发到本机的其他网卡设备上。</li></ul><h3 id="security" tabindex="-1">Security <a class="header-anchor" href="#security" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Security&quot;">​</a></h3><p>新加入的特性，用于强制访问控制（MAC）网络规则，有3种内建链</p><ul><li>INPUT</li><li>OUTPUT</li><li>FORWARD</li></ul><h2 id="iptables数据包处理流程图" tabindex="-1">iptables数据包处理流程图 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iptables数据包处理流程图" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iptables数据包处理流程图&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/v2-6c9358844d8f440486551d925dfe36b5_1440w.jpg" alt="v2-6c9358844d8f440486551d925dfe36b5_1440w"></p><h2 id="iptables语法" tabindex="-1">iptables语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iptables语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iptables语法&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>iptables [-t 表名] 命令选项 [链名] [匹配条件] [-j 策略] </code></p><p>iptables命令包含五个部分</p><ul><li><p>表名：要操作的表，不指定时默认操作Filter表</p></li><li><p>链名：要操作的链，不指定链时默认表内所有链</p></li><li><p>命令选项：要进行的操作</p></li><li><p>匹配条件：定义规则适用哪些数据包（匹配哪些数据包）</p></li><li><p>策略：匹配数据的目标执行的操作，说白了就是packet匹配上规则后该干嘛</p></li></ul><h3 id="常见的命令选项" tabindex="-1">常见的命令选项 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常见的命令选项" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常见的命令选项&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>-A 在指定链的末尾添加（append）一条新的规则</li><li>-D 删除（delete）指定链中的某一条规则，可以按规则序号和内容删除</li><li>-I 在指定链中插入（insert）一条新的规则，默认在第一行添加</li><li>-R 修改、替换（replace）指定链中的某一条规则，可以按规则序号和内容替换</li><li>-L 列出（list）指定链中所有的规则进行查看</li><li>-E 重命名用户定义的链，不改变链本身</li><li>-F 清空（flush）</li><li>-N 新建（new-chain）一条用户自己定义的规则链</li><li>-X 删除指定表中用户自定义的规则链（delete-chain）</li><li>-P 设置指定链的默认策略（policy）</li><li>-Z 将所有表的所有链的字节和数据包计数器清零</li><li>-n 使用数字形式（numeric）显示输出结果</li><li>-v 查看规则表详细信息（verbose）的信息</li><li>-V 查看版本(version)</li><li>-h 获取帮助（help）</li></ul><h3 id="常见策略-target" tabindex="-1">常见策略（target） <a class="header-anchor" href="#常见策略-target" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常见策略（target）&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>ACCEPT：允许数据包通过。</p></li><li><p>DROP：直接丢弃数据包，不给任何回应信息，这时候客户端会感觉自己的请求泥牛入海了，过了超时时间才会有反应。</p></li><li><p>REJECT：拒绝数据包通过，必要时会给数据发送端一个响应的信息，客户端刚请求就会收到拒绝的信息。</p></li><li><p>SNAT：源地址转换，解决内网用户用同一个公网地址上网的问题。</p></li><li><p>MASQUERADE：是SNAT的一种特殊形式，适用于动态的、临时会变的ip上。</p></li><li><p>DNAT：目标地址转换。</p></li><li><p>REDIRECT：在本机做端口映射。</p></li></ul><h3 id="添加规则" tabindex="-1">添加规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#添加规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;添加规则&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>-A：在链的末尾追加一条规则，例如<code>iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.1 -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT</code></li><li>-I：在链的开头（或指定序号）插入一条规则，例如<code>iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -j ACCEPT</code>或<code>iptables -I INPUT 2 -p tcp -j ACCEPT</code></li></ul><h3 id="查看规则" tabindex="-1">查看规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看规则&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>-L：列出所有规则</p></li><li><p>-n：以数字形式显示地址、端口等信息</p></li><li><p>-v：显示更详细规则信息</p></li><li><p>--line-numbers：显示规则序号</p></li></ul><h3 id="删除规则" tabindex="-1">删除规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除规则&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>删除nat表INPUT链的第三条规则：<code>iptables -t nat -D INPUT 3</code></p></li><li><p>清空nat表所有规则：<code>iptables -t nat -F</code></p></li></ul><h3 id="给指定的链设置默认策略" tabindex="-1">给指定的链设置默认策略 <a class="header-anchor" href="#给指定的链设置默认策略" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给指定的链设置默认策略&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>iptables -t filter -P FORWARD DROP</code></li></ul><h3 id="通用匹配" tabindex="-1">通用匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通用匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通用匹配&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="协议匹配-p-protocol" tabindex="-1">协议匹配 -p（protocol） <a class="header-anchor" href="#协议匹配-p-protocol" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协议匹配 -p（protocol）&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>指定规则的协议，如tcp, udp, icmp等，可以使用<strong>all</strong>来指定所有协议。</li><li>如果不指定**-p<strong>参数，则默认是</strong>all**值。这并不明智，请总是明确指定协议名称。</li><li>可以使用协议名(如tcp)，或者是协议值（比如6代表tcp）来指定协议。映射关系请查看/etc/protocols</li><li>还可以使用**–protocol<strong>参数代替</strong>-p**参数</li></ul><h4 id="地址匹配-s-d" tabindex="-1">地址匹配 -s -d： <a class="header-anchor" href="#地址匹配-s-d" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;地址匹配 -s -d：&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="s-源地址" tabindex="-1">-s 源地址 <a class="header-anchor" href="#s-源地址" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-s 源地址&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>指定数据包的源地址</li><li>参数可以使IP地址、网络地址、主机名</li><li>例如：-s 192.168.1.101指定IP地址</li><li>例如：-s 192.168.1.10/24指定网络地址</li><li>如果不指定-s参数，就代表所有地址</li><li>还可以使用**–src<strong>或者</strong>–source**</li></ul><h5 id="d-目标地址" tabindex="-1">-d 目标地址 <a class="header-anchor" href="#d-目标地址" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-d 目标地址&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>指定目的地址</li><li>参数和**-s**相同</li><li>还可以使用**–dst<strong>或者</strong>–destination**</li></ul><h4 id="接口匹配-i-o" tabindex="-1">接口匹配 -i -o <a class="header-anchor" href="#接口匹配-i-o" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;接口匹配 -i -o&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="i-输入接口-input-interface" tabindex="-1">-i 输入接口（input interface） <a class="header-anchor" href="#i-输入接口-input-interface" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-i 输入接口（input interface）&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><strong>-i</strong>代表输入接口(input interface)</li><li><strong>-i</strong>指定了要处理来自哪个接口的数据包</li><li>这些数据包即将进入INPUT, FORWARD, PREROUTE链</li><li>例如：<strong>-i eth0</strong>指定了要处理经由eth0进入的数据包</li><li>如果不指定**-i**参数，那么将处理进入所有接口的数据包</li><li>如果出现**!** -i eth0，那么将处理所有经由<strong>eth0以外的接口</strong>进入的数据包</li><li>如果出现-i eth**+<strong>，那么将处理所有经由</strong>eth开头的接口**进入的数据包</li><li>还可以使用**–in-interface**参数</li></ul><h5 id="o-输出-out-interface" tabindex="-1">-o 输出（out interface） <a class="header-anchor" href="#o-输出-out-interface" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-o 输出（out interface）&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li><strong>-o</strong>代表”output interface”</li><li><strong>-o</strong>指定了数据包由哪个接口输出</li><li>这些数据包即将进入FORWARD, OUTPUT, POSTROUTING链</li><li>如果不指定**-o**选项，那么系统上的所有接口都可以作为输出接口</li><li>如果出现**!** -o eth0，那么将从<strong>eth0以外的接口</strong>输出</li><li>如果出现-i eth**+<strong>，那么将仅从</strong>eth开头的接口**输出</li><li>还可以使用**–out-interface**参数</li></ul><h3 id="隐含匹配" tabindex="-1">隐含匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#隐含匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;隐含匹配&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="端口匹配" tabindex="-1">端口匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#端口匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;端口匹配&quot;">​</a></h4><h5 id="–sport-源端口-source-port-针对-p-tcp-或者-p-udp" tabindex="-1">-–sport 源端口（source port） 针对-p tcp 或者 -p udp <a class="header-anchor" href="#–sport-源端口-source-port-针对-p-tcp-或者-p-udp" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-–sport 源端口（source port） 针对-p tcp 或者 -p udp&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>缺省情况下，将匹配所有端口</li><li>可以指定端口号或者端口名称，例如”–sport 22″与”–sport ssh”。</li><li>/etc/services文件描述了上述映射关系。</li><li>从性能上讲，使用端口号更好</li><li>使用冒号可以匹配端口范围，如”–sport 22:100″</li><li>还可以使用”–source-port”</li></ul><h5 id="–-dport-目的端口-destination-port-针对-p-tcp-或者-p-udp" tabindex="-1">–-dport 目的端口（destination port） 针对-p tcp 或者 -p udp <a class="header-anchor" href="#–-dport-目的端口-destination-port-针对-p-tcp-或者-p-udp" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;–-dport 目的端口（destination port） 针对-p tcp 或者 -p udp&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>参数和–sport类似</li><li>还可以使用”–destination-port”</li></ul><h5 id="–tcp-flags-tcp标志-针对-p-tcp" tabindex="-1">-–tcp-flags TCP标志 针对-p tcp <a class="header-anchor" href="#–tcp-flags-tcp标志-针对-p-tcp" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-–tcp-flags TCP标志 针对-p tcp&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>可以指定由逗号分隔的多个参数</li><li>有效值可以是：SYN, ACK, FIN, RST, URG, PSH</li><li>可以使用<strong>ALL</strong>或者<strong>NONE</strong></li></ul><h5 id="–icmp-type-icmp类型-针对-p-icmp" tabindex="-1">-–icmp-type ICMP类型 针对-p icmp <a class="header-anchor" href="#–icmp-type-icmp类型-针对-p-icmp" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;-–icmp-type ICMP类型 针对-p icmp&quot;">​</a></h5><ul><li>–icmp-type 0 表示Echo Reply</li><li>–icmp-type 8 表示Echo</li></ul><h3 id="显式匹配" tabindex="-1">显式匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#显式匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;显式匹配&quot;">​</a></h3><p>多端口匹配 -m multiport --sport 源端口列表 -m multiport --dport 目的端口列表 IP范围匹配 -m iprange --src-range IP范围 MAC地址匹配 -m mac –mac1-source MAC地址 状态匹配 -m state --state 连接状态</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multiport</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--dport</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">25</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,80,110,143</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">FORWARD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iprange</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--src-range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.4.21-192.168.4.28</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-A</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mac</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--mac-source</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">00</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:0c:29:c0:55:3f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DROP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-P</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DROP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-I</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multiport</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--dport</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">-82,85</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-I</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">state</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--state</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ACCEPT</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">multiport</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--dport</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">25</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,80,110,143</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">FORWARD</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iprange</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--src-range</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.4.21-192.168.4.28</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-A</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mac</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--mac-source</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">00</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:0c:29:c0:55:3f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DROP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-P</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DROP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-I</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">multiport</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--dport</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#032F62;">-82,85</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ACCEPT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-I</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">state</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--state</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ACCEPT</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/applications/iptables.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>screen的进阶用法</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>FFmpeg相关</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEswap%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux设置swap空间</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D(ln%E3%80%81alias).html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>链接和别名(ln、alias)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%B9%8BACL.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" 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level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" 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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_applications_screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="screen的进阶用法" tabindex="-1">screen的进阶用法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#screen的进阶用法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;screen的进阶用法&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="以detatch模式创建daemon会话" tabindex="-1">以detatch模式创建daemon会话 <a class="header-anchor" href="#以detatch模式创建daemon会话" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;以detatch模式创建daemon会话&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>screen -dmS &lt;name&gt;</code></p><h2 id="向会话窗口中发送文本" tabindex="-1">向会话窗口中发送文本 <a class="header-anchor" href="#向会话窗口中发送文本" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;向会话窗口中发送文本&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>screen -S &lt;name&gt; -X stuff &lt;text&gt;</code></p><p>例如：<code>screen -S &lt;name&gt; -X stuff abc</code>，当attach之后，窗口中已经有了abc</p><p>如果想执行命令：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nam</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">e</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&lt;command&gt; \n&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nam</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">e</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&lt;command&gt; \r&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">centos</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$&#39;&lt;command&gt; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">new_screen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stuff</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cd /dir</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nam</span><span style="color:#24292E;">e</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&lt;command&gt; \n&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nam</span><span style="color:#24292E;">e</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&lt;command&gt; \r&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">centos</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">$&#39;&lt;command&gt; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">new_screen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stuff</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cd /dir</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="清理screen窗口" tabindex="-1">清理screen窗口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#清理screen窗口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;清理screen窗口&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>screen -S &lt;name&gt; -X quit</code></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/applications/screen的进阶用法.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Linux中使用selenium</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>iptables</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Nginx配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Canal部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="archlinux安装" tabindex="-1">ArchLinux安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#archlinux安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ArchLinux安装&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>安装指南：<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Installation_guide" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Installation_guide</a></p><p>镜像下载：<a href="https://archlinux.org/download/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://archlinux.org/download/</a></p></blockquote><h2 id="使用uefi模式引导" tabindex="-1">使用UEFI模式引导 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用uefi模式引导" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用UEFI模式引导&quot;">​</a></h2><p>禁用Secure Boot</p><h2 id="安装" tabindex="-1">安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装&quot;">​</a></h2><h4 id="使用ssh连接操作" tabindex="-1">使用ssh连接操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用ssh连接操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用ssh连接操作&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>ip add</code>查看当前ip</p><p><code>passwd</code>修改密码</p><h4 id="设置镜像-可选" tabindex="-1">设置镜像（可选) <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置镜像-可选" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置镜像（可选)&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-c</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">China</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--sort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">reflector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-c</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">China</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--sort</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--save</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflector</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-c</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">China</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--sort</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--save</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reflector</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-c</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">China</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--sort</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--save</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="文件系统" tabindex="-1">文件系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文件系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文件系统&quot;">​</a></h4><p>查看磁盘设备情况<code>fdisk -l</code> 或 <code>lsblk</code>，以rom、loop、airoot结尾的设备可以忽略</p><h5 id="磁盘分区" tabindex="-1">磁盘分区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#磁盘分区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;磁盘分区&quot;">​</a></h5><blockquote><p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/EFI_system_partition" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/EFI_system_partition</a></p></blockquote><p>arch linux推荐的分区表设置</p><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;">挂载点</th><th style="text-align:center;">分区</th><th style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table#Partition_type_GUIDs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">分区类型</a></th><th style="text-align:center;">建议大小</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/mnt/boot</code></td><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/dev/efi_system_partition</code></td><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/EFI_system_partition" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">EFI system partition</a></td><td style="text-align:center;">At least 300 MiB. If multiple kernels will be installed, then no less than 1 GiB.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><code>[SWAP]</code></td><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/dev/*swap_partition</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">Linux swap</td><td style="text-align:center;">More than 512 MiB</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/mnt</code></td><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/dev/root_partition</code></td><td style="text-align:center;">Linux x86-64 root (/)</td><td style="text-align:center;">Remainder of the device</td></tr></tbody></table><h6 id="操作" tabindex="-1">操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;操作&quot;">​</a></h6><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">fdisk</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将磁盘分区表设置为GPT格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新增一个分区，分区号默认会递增，直接回车，起始扇区直接回车按默认值，结束输入+300M并回车，标识分区大小为300M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重复新建分区操作，创建好3个空间大小分别为300M、1G、剩余全部空间的三个分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更改分区类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重复t操作 把1、2、3分区分别改为1（EFI System Partition)、19（SWAP）、23（linux x86-64 root)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">w</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 写入保存分区表</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fdisk</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">g</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将磁盘分区表设置为GPT格式</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新增一个分区，分区号默认会递增，直接回车，起始扇区直接回车按默认值，结束输入+300M并回车，标识分区大小为300M</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重复新建分区操作，创建好3个空间大小分别为300M、1G、剩余全部空间的三个分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更改分区类型</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重复t操作 把1、2、3分区分别改为1（EFI System Partition)、19（SWAP）、23（linux x86-64 root)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">w</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 写入保存分区表</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="磁盘格式化" tabindex="-1">磁盘格式化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#磁盘格式化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;磁盘格式化&quot;">​</a></h5><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkfs.fat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-F</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">32</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkswap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkfs.ext4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkfs.fat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-F</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">32</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkswap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkfs.ext4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda3</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="分区挂载到文件系统" tabindex="-1">分区挂载到文件系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分区挂载到文件系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分区挂载到文件系统&quot;">​</a></h5><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/boot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/boot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#创建/mnt/boot目录供挂载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">swapon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sda2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 挂载swap</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mount</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/boot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mount</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/boot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#创建/mnt/boot目录供挂载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">swapon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sda2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 挂载swap</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="安装基本软件包" tabindex="-1">安装基本软件包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装基本软件包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装基本软件包&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pacstrap</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-K</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">base</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linux</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linux-firmware</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Sy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vim</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pacstrap</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-K</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">base</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linux</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linux-firmware</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pacman</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Sy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pacman</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vim</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="生成fstab" tabindex="-1">生成fstab <a class="header-anchor" href="#生成fstab" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生成fstab&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">genfstab</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-U</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/etc/fstab</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/etc/fstab</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">genfstab</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-U</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/etc/fstab</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/etc/fstab</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="更换当前根目录到硬盘上的系统" tabindex="-1">更换当前根目录到硬盘上的系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#更换当前根目录到硬盘上的系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;更换当前根目录到硬盘上的系统&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Chroot" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Chroot</a></p></blockquote><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">arch-chroot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">arch-chroot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="调整时区" tabindex="-1">调整时区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#调整时区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;调整时区&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ln</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-sf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/localtime</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 切换时区到东8区 或者timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hwclock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--systohc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将系统时间同步到硬件时钟 生成/etc/adjtime文件</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ln</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-sf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/localtime</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 切换时区到东8区 或者timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hwclock</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--systohc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将系统时间同步到硬件时钟 生成/etc/adjtime文件</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="编辑-etc-locale-gen配置本地化" tabindex="-1">编辑/etc/locale.gen配置本地化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#编辑-etc-locale-gen配置本地化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编辑/etc/locale.gen配置本地化&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/locale.gen</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将en_US.UTF-8和zh_CN.UTF-8注释去掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">locale-gen</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/locale.gen</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将en_US.UTF-8和zh_CN.UTF-8注释去掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">locale-gen</span></span></code></pre></div><p>创建<code>/etc/locale.conf</code>文件并编辑</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#/etc/locale.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">LANG</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">en_US.UTF-8</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#/etc/locale.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">LANG</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">en_US.UTF-8</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="主机名" tabindex="-1">主机名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#主机名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;主机名&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;archlinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/hostname</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;archlinux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/hostname</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="设置密码" tabindex="-1">设置密码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置密码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置密码&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">passwd</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">passwd</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="引导程序" tabindex="-1">引导程序 <a class="header-anchor" href="#引导程序" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;引导程序&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dosfstools</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">grub</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">efibootmgr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装引导程序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">grub-install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--target=x86_64-efi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--efi-directory=/boot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--recheck</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将grub安装至EFI分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">grub-mkconfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/boot/grub/grub.cfg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成grub配置</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pacman</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dosfstools</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">grub</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">efibootmgr</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装引导程序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grub-install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--target=x86_64-efi</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--efi-directory=/boot</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--recheck</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将grub安装至EFI分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grub-mkconfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-o</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/boot/grub/grub.cfg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成grub配置</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="应用安装" tabindex="-1">应用安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#应用安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;应用安装&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-S</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">networkmanager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">network-manager-applet</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dialog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">os-prober</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mtools</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ntfs-3g</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">base-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linux-headers</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">reflector</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">git</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">net-tools</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dnsutils</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">inetutils</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iproute2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pacman</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-S</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">networkmanager</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">network-manager-applet</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dialog</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">os-prober</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mtools</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ntfs-3g</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">base-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linux-headers</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">reflector</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">git</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">net-tools</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dnsutils</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">inetutils</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iproute2</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="退出chroot环境重新启动" tabindex="-1">退出chroot环境重新启动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#退出chroot环境重新启动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;退出chroot环境重新启动&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 返回至arch-chroot之前的环境</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 卸载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">umount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/boot</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">umount</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">reboot</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重启</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 返回至arch-chroot之前的环境</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 卸载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">umount</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/boot</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">umount</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reboot</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 重启</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="安装后操作" tabindex="-1">安装后操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装后操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装后操作&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># dhcpcd开机自启</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sshd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sshd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># sshd开机自启</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">dhcpcd</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># dhcpcd开机自启</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sshd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sshd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># sshd开机自启</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="ssh配置" tabindex="-1">ssh配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#ssh配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ssh配置&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PermitRootLogin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PermitRootLogin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>systemctl restart sshd</code></p><h4 id="静态ip" tabindex="-1">静态ip <a class="header-anchor" href="#静态ip" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;静态ip&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dhcpcd" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dhcpcd</a></p></blockquote><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/dhcpcd.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">interface</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">eth0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ip_address=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.2.67/24</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">routers=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.2.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">static</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">domain_name_servers=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.2.1</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/dhcpcd.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">interface</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">eth0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ip_address=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.2.67/24</span><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">routers=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.2.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">static</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">domain_name_servers=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.2.1</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="general-recommendations" tabindex="-1">General recommendations <a class="header-anchor" href="#general-recommendations" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;General recommendations&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/General_recommendations" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/General_recommendations</a></p></blockquote></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/ArchLinux安装.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Ubuntu-server</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Linux常用指令</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%90%AF%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%86%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E5%B9%B6%E7%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEswap%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux设置swap空间</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D(ln%E3%80%81alias).html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>链接和别名(ln、alias)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%B9%8BACL.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Nginx配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Canal部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_Centos7%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Python3%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="centos7安装python3环境" tabindex="-1">Centos7安装Python3环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#centos7安装python3环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Centos7安装Python3环境&quot;">​</a></h1><ol><li>安装编译工具</li></ol><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">groupinstall</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Development tools&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zlib-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bzip2-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">openssl-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ncurses-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sqlite-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">readline-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tk-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gdbm-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">db4-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">libpcap-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">xz-devel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">libffi-devel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zlib1g-dev</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zlib</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">groupinstall</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Development tools&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">zlib-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bzip2-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">openssl-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ncurses-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sqlite-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">readline-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tk-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gdbm-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">db4-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">libpcap-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">xz-devel</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">libffi-devel</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">zlib1g-dev</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">zlib</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li>下载安装包</li></ol><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">wget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这一步骤提示我wget命令找不到，所以要先安装wget</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">wget</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">wget</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再次执行下载安装包的命令</p><ol start="3"><li>下载完成后解压并安装</li></ol><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/python3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">tar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-xvf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Python-3.7.2.tar.xz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Python-3.7.2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定安装位置 提高运行速度 第三个是为了解决pip需要用到ssl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./configure</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--prefix=/usr/local/python3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--with-ssl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/python3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-xvf</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Python-3.7.2.tar.xz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Python-3.7.2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定安装位置 提高运行速度 第三个是为了解决pip需要用到ssl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./configure</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--prefix=/usr/local/python3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--with-ssl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-ssl --enable-optimizations参数可能在低版本gcc导致编译报错 去掉即可</p></blockquote><ol start="4"><li>创建软链接</li></ol><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ln</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/python3/bin/python3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/bin/python3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ln</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/bin/pip3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ln</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/python3/bin/python3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/bin/python3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ln</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/python3/bin/pip3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/bin/pip3</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="5"><li>验证</li></ol><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">python3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pip3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">python3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pip3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/Centos7安装Python3环境.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/env/%E4%BB%8E%E9%9B%B6%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BALinux%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/env/bash%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%AB%E6%8D%B7%E9%94%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>bash常用的快捷键</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEswap%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux设置swap空间</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D(ln%E3%80%81alias).html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>链接和别名(ln、alias)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%B9%8BACL.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Nginx配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Canal部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="linux常用指令" tabindex="-1">Linux常用指令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux常用指令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux常用指令&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="设置时区" tabindex="-1">设置时区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置时区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置时区&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看当前时间、时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">date</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列出可用时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">timedatectl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">list-timezones</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">timedatectl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set-timezone</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确认已经更改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">timedatectl</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看当前时间、时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">date</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列出可用时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timedatectl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">list-timezones</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timedatectl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set-timezone</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确认已经更改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">timedatectl</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="修改主机名" tabindex="-1">修改主机名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改主机名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改主机名&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看主机信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hostnamectl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 修改主机名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">hostnamectl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set-hostname</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">newhostname</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看主机信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hostnamectl</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 修改主机名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hostnamectl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set-hostname</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">newhostname</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/Linux常用指令.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>ArchLinux安装</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/applications/Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Nginx配置</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_Linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置" tabindex="-1">Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置&quot;">​</a></h1><p>使用场景：由于公司没有单独的文件服务器/nas之类的共享存储，图片之类的也没有上云，目前业务中上传的文件也是放在应用服务器当中的。生产环境都是高可用的多节点部署，这样就会产生问题。比如用户上传一张图片，请求被分发到A服务器中，由于图片访问的域名是统一的B服务器域名，上传完成后用B服务器的域名去访问静态文件就会404。后续我们考虑搭建fastdfs来统一管理文件。目前的临时解决方案是通过配置服务器共享目录来实现文件在多个节点服务器间的同步。</p><h2 id="准备工作" tabindex="-1">准备工作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#准备工作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;准备工作&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>环境：CentOS 7.6</p></li><li><p>分别在A、B两台服务器上安装nfs和rpcbind</p><ul><li><code>yum install nfs-utils rpcbind</code></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="server配置" tabindex="-1">server配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#server配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;server配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>比如我们的静态资源存储在B服务器，则需要把B服务器的目录暴露出来，共享给A服务器，让A服务器挂载该目录。</p><ul><li><p>在B服务器（提供资源的服务器）上修改/etc/exports文件，把指定的目录暴露给A服务器并分配权限</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /需要暴露的目录 A服务器IP（rw,async,no_root_squash)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/data/images</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.111.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rw,async,no_root_squash</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /需要暴露的目录 A服务器IP（rw,async,no_root_squash)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/data/images</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.111.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rw,async,no_root_squash</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>修改完后需要使配置立即生效，执行<code>exportfs -arv</code>命令</p></li><li><p>关闭防火墙/端口111(tcp/udp)、2049(tcp)、4046(udp)向指定ip开放</p></li></ul><h2 id="启动nfs服务和rpcbind服务" tabindex="-1">启动nfs服务和rpcbind服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动nfs服务和rpcbind服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动nfs服务和rpcbind服务&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><code>service rpcbind start</code></li><li><code>service nfs start</code></li></ul><h2 id="在a服务器中挂载远程目录" tabindex="-1">在A服务器中挂载远程目录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#在a服务器中挂载远程目录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;在A服务器中挂载远程目录&quot;">​</a></h2><p>执行命令：<code>mount -o rw -t nfs B服务器IP:/B服务器暴露的路径 /要映射的本机(A服务器)的路径</code></p><p>例如：<code>mount -o rw -t nfs 192.168.111.2:/data/images /data/images</code></p><h2 id="验证" tabindex="-1">验证 <a class="header-anchor" href="#验证" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;验证&quot;">​</a></h2><p>可以在A服务器的/data/images下上传一些文件，然后看B服务器中的/data/images目录中是否同步，如果同步了则说明挂载成功，共享目录就配置完成了。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/env/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%90%AF%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%86%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E5%B9%B6%E7%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEswap%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Linux设置swap空间</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEswap%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux设置swap空间</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D(ln%E3%80%81alias).html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>链接和别名(ln、alias)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%B9%8BACL.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 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data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="linux私钥登陆提示server-refused-our-key" tabindex="-1">Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux私钥登陆提示server-refused-our-key" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>家庭内网装了个物理机的Ubuntu server，用的最新版本的22.04，然后用windows端的mobaxterm和navicat使用ssh私钥连接内网服务器时返回了<code>Server refused our key</code>的异常</p><h2 id="问题原因" tabindex="-1">问题原因 <a class="header-anchor" href="#问题原因" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;问题原因&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>openssh 8.8</code>开始默认禁用了使用<code>SHA-1</code>哈希算法的<code>RSA</code>签名,看了一下ubuntu server 22.04的默认openssh版本：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">➜</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ssh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-V</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">OpenSSH_8.9p1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Ubuntu-3,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">OpenSSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Mar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2022</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">➜</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ssh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-V</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">OpenSSH_8.9p1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Ubuntu-3,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">OpenSSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Mar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2022</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p><a href="https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-8.8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-8.8</a></p><p>This release disables RSA signatures using the SHA-1 hash algorithm by default. This change has been made as the SHA-1 hash algorithm is cryptographically broken, and it is possible to create chosen-prefix hash collisions for &lt;USD$50K [1]</p></blockquote><h2 id="解决方案" tabindex="-1">解决方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解决方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解决方案&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">+ssh-rsa</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sshd</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">+ssh-rsa</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sshd</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%B9%8BACL.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Ubuntu-server</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 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data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" 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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_Linux%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEswap%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="linux设置swap空间" tabindex="-1">Linux设置swap空间 <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux设置swap空间" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux设置swap空间&quot;">​</a></h1><p>服务器上日常运行着静态博客+云笔记+jenkins的容器，jenkins用于gitee上托管的博客repo的ci/cd。当jenkins进行构建时，内存占用率会急剧升高，轻则容器宕机，重则服务器跟着一起boom。因此需要设置swap来缓解jenkins内存占用瞬时升高的状况。</p><h2 id="查看磁盘分区" tabindex="-1">查看磁盘分区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看磁盘分区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看磁盘分区&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><code>df -h</code></li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220310010316020.png" alt="image-20220310010316020"></p><p>Filesystem中<code>/dev/vda1</code>挂载点为<code>/</code>的就是我们的磁盘</p><blockquote><p>一般来说swap大小设置规则：</p><p>4G以内RAM，Swap设置为2倍RAM</p><p>4G-8GRAM，Swap设置等于内存大小</p><p>8G-64G，Swap设置为8G</p><p>64G-256G，Swap设置为16G</p></blockquote><h2 id="创建swap分区文件" tabindex="-1">创建Swap分区文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建swap分区文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建Swap分区文件&quot;">​</a></h2><p>我这个是腾讯云4c 4G 80G的机器，这里swap设置为4G：<code>fallocate -l 4G /swap</code></p><h2 id="启用swap分区" tabindex="-1">启用Swap分区 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启用swap分区" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启用Swap分区&quot;">​</a></h2><p>修改权限使文件只能root访问：<code>chmod 600 /swap</code></p><p>将文件标记为swap空间：<code>mkswap /swap</code></p><p>启用swap文件：<code>swapon /swap</code></p><p>验证交换是否可用：<code>swapon --show</code></p><h2 id="持久化swap挂载" tabindex="-1">持久化swap挂载 <a class="header-anchor" href="#持久化swap挂载" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;持久化swap挂载&quot;">​</a></h2><p>备份fstab：<code>cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak</code></p><p>添加一条记录： <code>echo &#39;/swapfile none swap sw 0 0&#39; | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab</code></p><h2 id="调整swap设置" tabindex="-1">调整Swap设置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#调整swap设置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;调整Swap设置&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>swappiness</li></ul><p>调整Swappiness参数，该参数主要配置系统将数据从RAM交换到交换空间的频率。该参数的值是介于0和100之间的百分比。范围在0到100之间。 低参数值会让内核尽量少用交换，更高参数值会使内核更多的去使用交换空间。</p><p>查看当前swappiness值：<code>cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness</code></p><p>临时修改，重启失效：<code>sysctl vm.swappiness=10</code></p><p>永久设置：<code>vim /etc/sysctl.conf</code>，最后一行加上<code>vm.swappiness=10</code>，保存并退出。<code>sysctl -p </code>立即生效</p><ul><li>vfs_cache_pressure 表示强制Linux VM最低保留多少空闲内存（Kbytes）。当可用内存低于这个参数时，系统开始回收cache内存，以释放内存，直到可用内存大于这个值。 查看 <code>cat /proc/sys/vm/vfs_cache_pressure</code> 缺省值100表示内核将根据pagecache和swapcache，把directory和inode cache保持在一个合理的百分比；降低该值低于100，将导致内核倾向于保留directory和inode cache；增加该值超过100，将导致内核倾向于回收directory和inode cache。</li></ul><p><code>vim /etc/sysctl.conf</code>，最后一行加上<code>vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50</code></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/Linux设置swap空间.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path 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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_Linux%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%B9%8BACL" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="linux访问权限控制之acl" tabindex="-1">Linux访问权限控制之ACL <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux访问权限控制之acl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Linux访问权限控制之ACL&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="什么是acl" tabindex="-1">什么是ACL <a class="header-anchor" href="#什么是acl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;什么是ACL&quot;">​</a></h2><p>ACL即Access Control List，访问控制列表，POSIX 1003.1e/1003.2c标准中定义的权限管理方式。详细内容可以参考<a href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/publications/library/proceedings/usenix03/tech/freenix03/full_papers/gruenbacher/gruenbacher_html/main.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">POSIX Access Control Lists on Linux</a>这篇文章。</p><blockquote><p>POSIX：POSIX是可移植操作系统接口（Portable Operating System Interface of UNIX）的缩写，POSIX标准定义了操作系统应该为应用程序提供的接口标准，是在各种UNIX操作系统上运行的软件的一系列API标准的总称。POSIX标准意在期望获得源代码级别的软件可移植性。换句话说，为一个POSIX兼容的操作系统编写的程序，应该可以在任何其它的POSIX操作系统（即使是来自另一个厂商）上编译执行。</p></blockquote><h2 id="为什么使用acl" tabindex="-1">为什么使用ACL <a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么使用acl" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;为什么使用ACL&quot;">​</a></h2><p>经典的Unix权限模型中每个文件系统对象都定义了三组权限，owner、group和other。也就是常用的<code>chmod</code>命令中修改的权限，包括读（r）、写入（w）和执行（x）。但是如果我们想更细颗粒度的控制某些用户的权限时，使用<code>chmod</code>、<code>chown</code>就很难办了。这就需要ACL来针对单一用户、单一文件或目录来进行权限控制。</p><h2 id="acl的工作原理" tabindex="-1">ACL的工作原理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#acl的工作原理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ACL的工作原理&quot;">​</a></h2><p>ACL由一系列Access Entry组成，Access Entry又包括三个部分：Entry type，qualifier(非必须）、权限</p><p>Entry type有以下类型：</p><ul><li><p>Owner/ACL_USER_OBJ : 相当于Linux里file_owner的权限</p></li><li><p>Named user/ACL_USER: 定义了额外的用户可以对此文件拥有的权限</p></li><li><p>Owning group/ACL_GROUP_OBJ: 相当于Linux里group的权限</p></li><li><p>Named group/ACL_GROUP: 定义了额外的组可以对此文件拥有的权限</p></li><li><p>Mask/ACL_MASK: 定义了ACL_USER, ACL_GROUP_OBJ和ACL_GROUP的最大权限</p></li><li><p>Others/ACL_OTHER: 相当于Linux里other的权限</p></li></ul><h3 id="访问检查算法" tabindex="-1">访问检查算法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#访问检查算法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;访问检查算法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>进程请求访问文件系统对象。执行两个步骤。第一步选择与请求进程最匹配的 ACL 条目。ACL 条目按以下顺序查看：所有者、命名用户、（拥有或命名）组、其他。只有一个条目决定访问。第二步检查匹配条目是否包含足够的权限。</p><p>一个进程可以是多个组中的成员，因此可以匹配多个组条目。如果这些匹配的组条目中的任何一个包含请求的权限，则选择包含请求的权限的条目（无论选择哪个条目，结果都是相同的）。如果没有匹配的组条目包含请求的权限，则无论选择哪个条目都将拒绝访问。</p><p>访问检查算法可以用伪代码描述如下。</p><ul><li><p><strong>if</strong></p><p>进程的用户ID是所有者，所有者条目决定访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>进程的用户 ID 与指定用户条目之一中的限定符匹配，此条目确定访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>进程的组 ID 之一与所属组匹配，并且所属组条目包含请求的权限，此条目确定访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>进程的组 ID 之一与命名组条目之一的限定符匹配，并且此条目包含请求的权限，此条目确定访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>进程的组 ID 之一与所属组或任何命名组条目匹配，但所属组条目或任何匹配命名组条目均不包含请求的权限，这确定访问被拒绝</p></li><li><p><strong>else</strong></p><p>另一个条目决定访问。</p></li><li><p><strong>if</strong></p><p>此选择产生的匹配条目是所有者或其他条目，并且它包含请求的权限，授予访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>匹配条目是命名用户、拥有组或命名组条目，并且此条目包含请求的权限，并且掩码条目也包含请求的权限（或没有掩码条目），授予访问权限</p></li><li><p><strong>else</strong></p><p>访问被拒绝。</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>The access check algorithm can be described in pseudo-code as follows.</p><ul><li><p><strong>If</strong></p><p>the user ID of the process is the owner, the owner entry determines access</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>the user ID of the process matches the qualifier in one of the named user entries, this entry determines access</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>one of the group IDs of the process matches the owning group and the owning group entry contains the requested permissions, this entry determines access</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>one of the group IDs of the process matches the qualifier of one of the named group entries and this entry contains the requested permissions, this entry determines access</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>one of the group IDs of the process matches the owning group or any of the named group entries, but neither the owning group entry nor any of the matching named group entries contains the requested permissions, this determines that access is denied</p></li><li><p><strong>else</strong></p><p>the other entry determines access.</p></li><li><p><strong>If</strong></p><p>the matching entry resulting from this selection is the owner or other entry and it contains the requested permissions, access is granted</p></li><li><p><strong>else if</strong></p><p>the matching entry is a named user, owning group, or named group entry and this entry contains the requested permissions and the mask entry also contains the requested permissions (or there is no mask entry), access is granted</p></li><li><p><strong>else</strong></p><p>access is denied.</p></li></ul></blockquote><h2 id="acl命令" tabindex="-1">ACL命令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#acl命令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ACL命令&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><code>getfacl</code>：查看某个文件/目录的ACL权限</p></li><li><p><code>setfacl</code>：设置某个文件/目录的ACL权限</p><ul><li>-m：设置后续acl参数</li><li>-x：删除后续acl参数</li><li>-b：删除全部acl参数</li><li>-k：删除默认acl参数</li><li>-R：递归设置acl参数</li><li>-d：设置默认acl参数</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="例子" tabindex="-1">例子 <a class="header-anchor" href="#例子" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;例子&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="设置指定用户-组权限" tabindex="-1">设置指定用户/组权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置指定用户-组权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置指定用户/组权限&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><code>setfacl -m u:user1:rx /test</code>：给user1用户设置<code>/test</code>目录的rx（r-x）权限</li><li><code>setfacl -m g:group1:rx /test</code>：给group1组设置<code>/test</code>目录的rx（r-x）权限</li><li><code>setfacl -m o:--x /test</code>：给other设置x（--x）权限（chmod o+x /test）</li></ul><h3 id="默认acl权限" tabindex="-1">默认ACL权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#默认acl权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;默认ACL权限&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>默认权限下新建的子目录会继承父目录的权限，只有目录才能给默认权限，不是目录的对象仅继承父目录的默认 ACL 作为其访问 ACL。</strong></p><ul><li><code>setfacl -m d:u:user1:rx /test</code>：给user1用户设置<code>/test</code>目录的默认rx权限</li><li><code>setfacl -m d:g:group1:rx /test</code>：给group1组设置<code>/test</code>目录的默认rx权限</li><li><code>setfacl -m d:o:--x /test</code>：给other设置<code>/test</code>目录的默认x权限</li></ul><h3 id="最大有效权限mask" tabindex="-1">最大有效权限mask <a class="header-anchor" href="#最大有效权限mask" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;最大有效权限mask&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如上文所描述的，mask定义了ACL_USER, ACL_GROUP_OBJ和ACL_GROUP的最大权限。例如，mask权限为<code>r--</code>，此时不管ACL_USER的权限为多大，就算是``rwx<code>，最终生效的都只会是</code>r--`。<strong>概括来说：用户和用户组的权限必须在mask权限的范围之内才能生效，mask权限就是最大有效权限。</strong></p><h4 id="修改mask权限" tabindex="-1">修改mask权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改mask权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改mask权限&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>setfacl -m m:rx /test</code>：设置mask权限为r-x，使用<code>setfacl -m m:权限 路径</code></p><h3 id="删除所有acl权限" tabindex="-1">删除所有acl权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除所有acl权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除所有acl权限&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>setfacl -b /test</code></p><h3 id="删除指定acl权限" tabindex="-1">删除指定acl权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除指定acl权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除指定acl权限&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>setfacl -x u:user1 /test</code></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/Linux访问权限控制之ACL.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path 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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 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data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_Ubuntu-server" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="ubuntu-server" tabindex="-1">Ubuntu-server <a class="header-anchor" href="#ubuntu-server" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Ubuntu-server&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="关闭欢迎提示" tabindex="-1">关闭欢迎提示 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭欢迎提示" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭欢迎提示&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code> chmod -x /etc/update-motd.d/*</code></p><h2 id="关闭ssh登录motd广告" tabindex="-1">关闭ssh登录motd广告 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭ssh登录motd广告" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭ssh登录motd广告&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>vim /etc/default/motd-news</code> 将enabled改为0</p><h2 id="关闭ssh登录系统信息" tabindex="-1">关闭ssh登录系统信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭ssh登录系统信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭ssh登录系统信息&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>apt remove landscape-common landscape-client</code></p><h2 id="系统盘迁移" tabindex="-1">系统盘迁移 <a class="header-anchor" href="#系统盘迁移" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;系统盘迁移&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1.备份数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 2.制作一个linux启动盘 例如live server的</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 3.连接原启动盘和需要迁移到的目标盘</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 4.U盘启动直接进入shell</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 5.查看磁盘信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">lsblk</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 6.dd命令直接全盘迁移</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">dd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">if=/dev/sda</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of=/dev/sdb</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bs=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4096</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">conv=sync,noerror</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 7.拷贝完成后使用新磁盘启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 8.删除旧分区&amp;resize</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">fdisk</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sdX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除磁盘最后一个分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#新建一个分区，扇区开始结束都用默认即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">w</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#写盘保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">partprobe</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#重新读取分区表并更新分区信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">resize2fs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/sdXX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调整文件系统的大小</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1.备份数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 2.制作一个linux启动盘 例如live server的</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 3.连接原启动盘和需要迁移到的目标盘</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 4.U盘启动直接进入shell</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 5.查看磁盘信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lsblk</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 6.dd命令直接全盘迁移</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">if=/dev/sda</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of=/dev/sdb</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bs=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4096</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">conv=sync,noerror</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 7.拷贝完成后使用新磁盘启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 8.删除旧分区&amp;resize</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">fdisk</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sdX</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除磁盘最后一个分区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#新建一个分区，扇区开始结束都用默认即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">w</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#写盘保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">partprobe</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#重新读取分区表并更新分区信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resize2fs</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/sdXX</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调整文件系统的大小</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>ArchLinux安装</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Nginx配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Canal部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_bash%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%AB%E6%8D%B7%E9%94%AE" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="bash常用的快捷键" tabindex="-1">bash常用的快捷键 <a class="header-anchor" href="#bash常用的快捷键" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;bash常用的快捷键&quot;">​</a></h1><ul><li>ctrl+a：光标移到行首</li><li>ctrl+b：光标左移一个字母</li><li>ctrl+c：杀死当前进程</li><li>ctrl+d：退出当前Shell</li><li>ctrl+e：光标移到行尾</li><li>ctrl+h：删除光标前一个字符，同backspace键相同</li><li>ctrl+k：清除光标后至行尾的内容</li><li>ctrl+l：清屏，相当于clear</li><li>ctrl+r：搜索之前打过的命令会有一个提示，根据你输入的关键字进行搜索bash的history</li><li>ctrl+u：清除光标前至行首间的所有内容。</li><li>ctrl+w：移除光标前的一个单词</li><li>ctrl+t：交换光标位置前的两个字符</li><li>ctrl+y：粘贴或者恢复上次的删除</li><li>ctrl+d：删除光标所在字母;注意和backspace以及ctrl+h的区别，这2个是删除光标前的字符</li><li>ctrl+f：光标右移</li><li>ctrl+z：把当前进程转到后台运行，使用’fg‘命令恢复。比如top-d1然后ctrl+z，到后台，然后fg,重新恢复</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/bash常用的快捷键.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_centos7%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E5%A2%99%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="centos7防火墙命令" tabindex="-1">centos7防火墙命令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#centos7防火墙命令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;centos7防火墙命令&quot;">​</a></h1><p>centos7.0以上的版本默认为firewalld，以下是iptables，整理一下命令备用。</p><h2 id="firewall-cmd" tabindex="-1">firewall-cmd <a class="header-anchor" href="#firewall-cmd" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;firewall-cmd&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="查看防火墙状态" tabindex="-1">查看防火墙状态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看防火墙状态" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看防火墙状态&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--state</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--state</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="查看防火墙规则" tabindex="-1">查看防火墙规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看防火墙规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看防火墙规则&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--list-all</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--list-all</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="更新防火墙规则" tabindex="-1">更新防火墙规则 <a class="header-anchor" href="#更新防火墙规则" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;更新防火墙规则&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--reload</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--reload</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="关闭-开启防火墙" tabindex="-1">关闭/开启防火墙 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭-开启防火墙" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭/开启防火墙&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">firewalld.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">firewalld.service</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stop</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">firewalld.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">firewalld.service</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="端口操作" tabindex="-1">端口操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#端口操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;端口操作&quot;">​</a></h3><h3 id="永久开放端口" tabindex="-1">永久开放端口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#永久开放端口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;永久开放端口&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--zone=public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--add-port=5672/tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--permanent</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--zone=public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--add-port=5672/tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--permanent</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="关闭端口" tabindex="-1">关闭端口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭端口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭端口&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--zone=public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--remove-port=5672/tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--permanent</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--zone=public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--remove-port=5672/tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--permanent</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;&quot;">​</a></h3><h2 id="iptables" tabindex="-1">iptables <a class="header-anchor" href="#iptables" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iptables&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="开启-关闭防火墙" tabindex="-1">开启/关闭防火墙 <a class="header-anchor" href="#开启-关闭防火墙" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;开启/关闭防火墙&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iptables.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iptables.service</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iptables.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stop</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iptables.service</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="查看防火墙状态-1" tabindex="-1">查看防火墙状态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看防火墙状态-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看防火墙状态&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iptables.service</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iptables.service</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="开放端口" tabindex="-1">开放端口 <a class="header-anchor" href="#开放端口" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;开放端口&quot;">​</a></h3><p>1.命令</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-I</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tcp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--dport</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">8000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-j</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ACCEPT</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-I</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">INPUT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tcp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--dport</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">8000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-j</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ACCEPT</span></span></code></pre></div><p>2.直接修改/etc/sysconfig/iptables</p><p><code>-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8000 -j ACCEPT　</code></p><h3 id="重启iptables" tabindex="-1">重启iptables <a class="header-anchor" href="#重启iptables" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重启iptables&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">iptables</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">restart</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">iptables</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">restart</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f 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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Nginx%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Nginx配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Canal%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Canal部署</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_%E4%BB%8E%E9%9B%B6%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BALinux%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="从零搭建linux虚拟机环境" tabindex="-1">从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境 <a class="header-anchor" href="#从零搭建linux虚拟机环境" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="基础" tabindex="-1">基础 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="镜像安装" tabindex="-1">镜像安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#镜像安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;镜像安装&quot;">​</a></h3><p>CentOS7-1908版本</p><p><a href="http://vault.centos.org/7.7.1908/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1908.torrent" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://vault.centos.org/7.7.1908/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1908.torrent</a></p><h2 id="基础命令包安装" tabindex="-1">基础命令包安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础命令包安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础命令包安装&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>ifconfig</p><ul><li><code>yum search ifconfig</code></li><li><code>yum install net-tools.x86_64</code></li></ul></li><li><p>lsb_release</p><ul><li><code>yum install -y redhat-lsb</code></li></ul></li><li><p>yum提示没有可用镜像</p><ul><li><code>curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo</code></li></ul></li><li><p>wget</p><ul><li><code>yum install wget</code></li></ul></li><li><p>dns</p><ul><li>虚拟机ping不通域名的解决办法<code> vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33</code></li><li>虚拟机的静态ip和真机的必须在同一网段,添加谷歌的dns解析</li><li>虚拟机内的配置</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210505171618465.png" alt="image-20210505171618465"></p><ul><li><p>真机的ip信息</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210505171651704.png" alt="image-20210505171651704"></p></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="环境搭建" tabindex="-1">环境搭建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#环境搭建" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;环境搭建&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>JDK1.8</p><ul><li><p>oracle官网下载jdk后上传虚拟机</p></li><li><p>解压并配置环境变量，比如我下载的是jre1.8.0_202</p><p><code>vi /etc/profile/</code></p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/java/jre1.8.0_202</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">PATH</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/bin:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$PATH</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">CLASSPATH</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/lib/dt.jar:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/lib/tools.jar:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/jre/lib/rt.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">JAVA_HOME</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CLASSPATH</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">export</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PATH</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/java/jre1.8.0_202</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">PATH</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/bin:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$PATH</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">CLASSPATH</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/lib/dt.jar:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/lib/tools.jar:</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$JAVA_HOME</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/jre/lib/rt.jar</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">JAVA_HOME</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CLASSPATH</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">export</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PATH</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p><code>source /etc/profile</code>或重启虚拟机使环境变量生效</p></li></ul></li><li><p>python3</p><ul><li>见另一篇博客 <a href="https://blog.storyxc.com/actions/Centos7%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Python3%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">centos7安装python环境</a></li></ul></li><li><p>mysql 5.7</p><ul><li><p>下载并安装mysql官方的yum repository: <code>wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar</code></p></li><li><p>解压包：<code>tar -xvf mysql-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar</code></p></li><li><p><code>yum -y install mysql-community-common-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm</code></p></li><li><p>启动<code>systemctl enable mysqld &amp;&amp; systemctl start mysqld</code></p></li><li><p>临时密码 <code>grep &#39;temporary password&#39; /var/log/mysqld.log</code></p></li><li><p>根据临时密码登入mysql</p></li><li><p>改密码 <code>ALTER USER &#39;root&#39;@&#39;localhost&#39; IDENTIFIED BY &#39;new pwd&#39;;</code></p></li><li><p>更改密码弱口令设置，设置简单密码：</p><ul><li><p><code>set global validate_password_policy=0;</code></p></li><li><p><code> set global validate_password_length=1;</code></p></li></ul></li><li><p>配置远程登陆</p><ul><li><p><code>grant all on *.* to &#39;root&#39;@&#39;%&#39; identified by &#39;pwd&#39;;</code></p></li><li><p>立即生效: <code>flush privileges;</code></p></li></ul></li><li><p>创建用户&amp;授权</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 创建用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">用户名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&#39;@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">用户名</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">&#39;@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 授权全部</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">grant</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> all privileges </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> identified </span><span style="color:#F97583;">by</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;     #本地授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">grant</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> all privileges </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> identified </span><span style="color:#F97583;">by</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;             #远程授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">flush privileges;                                                                 #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 授权指定</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">grant</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">select</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">update</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">insert</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;用户&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> identified </span><span style="color:#F97583;">by</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">flush privileges; #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 删除用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">Delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> User</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;          #删除本地用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">Delete</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">Where</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> User</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;                  #删除远程用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">flush privileges;                                                         #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 删除用户及权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DROP</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 查看当前用户权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">show grants;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 查看指定用户权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">show grants </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> username@localhost;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 创建用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">用户名</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&#39;@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">用户名</span><span style="color:#24292E;">&#39;@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 授权全部</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">grant</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> all privileges </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> identified </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">by</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;     #本地授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">grant</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> all privileges </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> identified </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">by</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;             #远程授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">flush privileges;                                                                 #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 授权指定</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">grant</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">select</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">update</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">insert</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 数据库名称.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;用户&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> identified </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">by</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">; </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">flush privileges; #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 删除用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">Delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> User</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;          #删除本地用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">Delete</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">Where</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> User</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;                  #删除远程用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">flush privileges;                                                         #刷新系统权限表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 删除用户及权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DROP</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;%&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 查看当前用户权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">show grants;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 查看指定用户权限</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">show grants </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> username@localhost;</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>mysql 8.0</p><div class="language-sql vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">sql</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 修改root密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">SET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> authentication_string</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">WHERE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> User</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">WITH</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mysql_native_password </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;new_password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> USER </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#F97583;">BY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ALL PRIVILEGES </span><span style="color:#F97583;">ON</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">TO</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">@</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">-- 修改root密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">UPDATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">SET</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> authentication_string</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">WHERE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> User</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">WITH</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mysql_native_password </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;new_password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> USER </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> IDENTIFIED </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">BY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ALL PRIVILEGES </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">ON</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">TO</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">@</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>nginx</p><ul><li><p>依赖</p><ul><li>centos: <code>yum -y install gcc pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel</code></li><li>ubuntu: <code>apt install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev openssl libssl-dev</code></li></ul></li><li><p>下载安装包 <code>wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz </code></p></li><li><p>解压到指定目录 <code>tar -xzvf nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz -C /usr/local/nginx/</code></p></li><li><p>切换到nginx的目录执行 cd /usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.9.9</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./configure</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--prefix=/usr/local/nginx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--with-http_stub_status_module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--with-http_ssl_module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#配置ssl模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">make</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">make</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./configure</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--prefix=/usr/local/nginx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--with-http_stub_status_module</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--with-http_ssl_module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#配置ssl模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>安装后切换到/usr/local/nginx/sbin启动nginx并访问</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210505174840552.png" alt="image-20210505174840552"></p></li><li><p>开机自启nginx</p><ul><li><p><code>vi /etc/init.d/nginx</code></p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># chkconfig:   - 85 15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># description:  NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># processname: nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Source function library.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Source networking configuration.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/sysconfig/network</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Check that networking is up.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[ </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$NETWORKING</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;no&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">nginx</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">prog</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">basename</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">NGINX_CONF_FILE</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/sysconfig/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lockfile</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/lock/subsys/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">make_dirs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># make required directories</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> -V </span><span style="color:#F97583;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">grep</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;configure arguments:.*--user=&quot; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sed</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &#39;s/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g&#39; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$user</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-z</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">grep</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$user</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/passwd`&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">useradd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-M</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/bin/nologin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> -V </span><span style="color:#F97583;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">grep</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &#39;configure arguments:&#39;`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> opt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $options; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$opt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">grep</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &#39;.*-temp-path&#39;`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          value</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$opt</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cut</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;=&quot; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$value</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># echo &quot;creating&quot; $value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $value &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">chown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $user $value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">done</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $nginx ] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">make_dirs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$&quot;Starting </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$prog</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">daemon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $nginx </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-c</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  retval</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [ $retval </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-eq</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">touch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $lockfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $retval</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">stop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$&quot;Stopping </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$prog</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">killproc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $prog </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-QUIT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  retval</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  [ $retval </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-eq</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $lockfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $retval</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">configtest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">reload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">configtest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-n</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$&quot;Reloading </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$prog</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">killproc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $nginx </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-HUP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  RETVAL</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">force_reload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">restart</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">configtest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  $nginx </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-c</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $prog</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">2&gt;&amp;1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  stop)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  restart|configtest)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  reload)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  force-reload)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">force_reload</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  status)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  condrestart|try-restart)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">||</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$&quot;Usage: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> {start|stop|status|restart|reload|configtest}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">esac</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/bash</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># chkconfig:   - 85 15</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># description:  NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># processname: nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Source function library.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Source networking configuration.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/sysconfig/network</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Check that networking is up.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[ </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$NETWORKING</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;no&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">nginx</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">prog</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">$(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">basename</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">NGINX_CONF_FILE</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/sysconfig/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">lockfile</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/lock/subsys/nginx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make_dirs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># make required directories</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> -V </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grep</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &quot;configure arguments:.*--user=&quot; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sed</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &#39;s/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g&#39; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$user</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-z</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grep</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$user</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> /etc/passwd`&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">useradd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-M</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/bin/nologin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$nginx</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> -V </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grep</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &#39;configure arguments:&#39;`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> opt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $options; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$opt</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">grep</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &#39;.*-temp-path&#39;`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          value</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$opt</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cut</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &quot;=&quot; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$value</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ]; </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># echo &quot;creating&quot; $value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $value &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chown</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-R</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $user $value</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">done</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $nginx ] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">make_dirs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">$&quot;Starting </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$prog</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">daemon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $nginx </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-c</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  retval</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [ $retval </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-eq</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">touch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $lockfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $retval</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stop</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">$&quot;Stopping </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$prog</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">killproc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $prog </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-QUIT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  retval</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  [ $retval </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-eq</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ] &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $lockfile</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $retval</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">configtest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">reload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">configtest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-n</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">$&quot;Reloading </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$prog</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: &quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">killproc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $nginx </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-HUP</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  RETVAL</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$?</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">force_reload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">restart</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">configtest</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  $nginx </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-c</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $NGINX_CONF_FILE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $prog</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">2&gt;&amp;1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  stop)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  restart|configtest)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  reload)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">$1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  force-reload)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">force_reload</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  status)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  condrestart|try-restart)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">rh_status_q</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">||</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">$&quot;Usage: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> {start|stop|status|restart|reload|configtest}&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">esac</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">777</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/init.d/nginx</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">777</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/init.d/nginx</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chkconfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nginx</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">on</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chkconfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">nginx</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">on</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>开放端口</p><ul><li>查看已经开放的端口<code>firewall-cmd --list-ports</code></li><li>开启端口 <code>firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent</code><ul><li>zone:作用域</li><li>-add-port=80/tcp 端口/协议</li><li>--permanent 永久生效,没有此参数后重启失效</li></ul></li><li><code>firewall-cmd --reload #重启firewall</code></li><li><code>systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall</code></li><li><code>systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动</code></li><li><code>firewall-cmd --state #查看默认防火墙状态</code></li></ul></li><li><p>redis</p><ul><li><p>下载安装包<code>wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.7.tar.gz</code></p></li><li><p><code>tar -zxvf redis-5.0.7.tar.gz</code></p></li><li><p><code>mv /root/redis-5.0.7 /usr/local/redis</code></p></li><li><p><code>cd /usr/local/redis/redis-5.0.7</code></p></li><li><p><code>make &amp;&amp; make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install</code></p><ul><li><p>可能会报错,因为centos自带的gcc版本太低</p></li><li><p>执行命令</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">centos-release-scl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">devtoolset-9-gcc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">devtoolset-9-gcc-c++</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">devtoolset-9-binutils</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># scl enable devtoolset-9 bash #临时启用新版本的gcc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;source /opt/rh/devtoolset-9/enable&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/profile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 永久启用新版gcc</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">centos-release-scl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">devtoolset-9-gcc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">devtoolset-9-gcc-c++</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">devtoolset-9-binutils</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># scl enable devtoolset-9 bash #临时启用新版本的gcc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;source /opt/rh/devtoolset-9/enable&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/profile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 永久启用新版gcc</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>开机自启redis</p><ul><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vi</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/init.d/redis</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vi</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/init.d/redis</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># chkconfig: 2345 10 90</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># description: Start and Stop redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">REDISPORT</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6379</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">EXEC</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">CLIEXEC</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/run/redis_</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">${REDISPORT}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.pid</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">CONF</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/usr/local/redis/redis.conf&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $PIDFILE ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> exists, process is already running or crashed&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Starting Redis server...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                $EXEC $CONF &amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    stop)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">!</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $PIDFILE ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> does not exist, process is not running&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                PID</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">$(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Stopping ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                $CLIEXEC </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> $REDISPORT </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">shutdown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> /proc/${PID} ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">do</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">done</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Redis stopped&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    restart)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$0</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Please use start or stop or restart as first argument&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">esac</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># chkconfig: 2345 10 90</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># description: Start and Stop redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">REDISPORT</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6379</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">EXEC</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">CLIEXEC</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/run/redis_</span><span style="color:#24292E;">${REDISPORT}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.pid</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">CONF</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/usr/local/redis/redis.conf&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $PIDFILE ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> exists, process is already running or crashed&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Starting Redis server...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                $EXEC $CONF &amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    stop)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">!</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-f</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $PIDFILE ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">then</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> does not exist, process is not running&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                PID</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">$(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#24292E;">$PIDFILE</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Stopping ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                $CLIEXEC </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> $REDISPORT </span><span style="color:#032F62;">shutdown</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-x</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> /proc/${PID} ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">do</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">done</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Redis stopped&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">fi</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    restart)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$0</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Please use start or stop or restart as first argument&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">esac</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/redis/redis.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">修改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">bind</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0.0</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.0.0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#所有ipv4端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">protected-mode</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 关闭保护模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">daemonize</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 守护进程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">requirepass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#需要密码登录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">pidfile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/run/redis_6379.pid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#pid文件</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/redis/redis.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">修改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">bind</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0.0</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.0.0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#所有ipv4端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">protected-mode</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 关闭保护模式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">daemonize</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 守护进程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">requirepass</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">password</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#需要密码登录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pidfile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/run/redis_6379.pid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#pid文件</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">777</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/init.d/redis</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">777</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/init.d/redis</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开机启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chkconfig</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">on</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开机启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chkconfig</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">on</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建客户端软链接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ln</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/bin/redis-cli</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建客户端软链接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ln</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/bin/redis-cli</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>docker</p><ul><li><p>卸载旧版本</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-client</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-client-latest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-common</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-latest</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-latest-logrotate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-logrotate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-engine</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-client</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-client-latest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-common</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-latest</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-latest-logrotate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-logrotate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-engine</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>使用docker repository安装</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># set up repository</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yum-utils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yum-config-manager</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--add-repo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># install docker engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-ce</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-ce-cli</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">containerd.io</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># start docker engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># set up repository</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-y</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yum-utils</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yum-config-manager</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--add-repo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># install docker engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-ce</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-ce-cli</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">containerd.io</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># start docker engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/从零搭建Linux虚拟机环境.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/env/Centos7%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Python3%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Centos7安装Python3环境</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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diff --git "a/linux/env/\351\223\276\346\216\245\345\222\214\345\210\253\345\220\215(ln\343\200\201alias).html" "b/linux/env/\351\223\276\346\216\245\345\222\214\345\210\253\345\220\215(ln\343\200\201alias).html"
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data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" 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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D(ln%E3%80%81alias)" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="链接和别名-ln、alias" tabindex="-1">链接和别名（ln、alias) <a class="header-anchor" href="#链接和别名-ln、alias" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;链接和别名（ln、alias)&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="链接" tabindex="-1">链接 <a class="header-anchor" href="#链接" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;链接&quot;">​</a></h2><p>ln： link，链接，类似windows中的快捷方式的概念，主要针对路径比较长的文件夹，建立一个链接，让访问更加方便，分为软链接（-s）和硬链接</p><h3 id="使用" tabindex="-1">使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>ln /usr/local/maven/bin/mvn(真实的路径) /usr/bin/mvn（链接路径） ## 硬链接</li><li>ln -s /usr/local/maven/bin/mvn(真实的路径) /usr/bin/mvn（链接路径） ##软链接-符号链接</li></ul><h2 id="别名" tabindex="-1">别名 <a class="header-anchor" href="#别名" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;别名&quot;">​</a></h2><p>alias：别名，主要是针对某个命令，如果命令的路径比较长、比较复杂，那么起个别名会更方便</p><h3 id="使用-1" tabindex="-1">使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>查看别名：alias</li><li>定义别名：alias la=‘ll -a&#39;</li><li>取消别名：unalias la</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" 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data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%90%AF%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%86%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E5%B9%B6%E7%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEswap%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux设置swap空间</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D(ln%E3%80%81alias).html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>链接和别名(ln、alias)</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%B9%8BACL.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 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data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8selenium.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux中使用selenium</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/screen%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>screen的进阶用法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/iptables.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/hardware/linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>linux磁盘操作相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_env_%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%90%AF%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%86%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E5%B9%B6%E7%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录" tabindex="-1">阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>There were 89 failed login attempts since the last successful login.</p></blockquote><p>最近登录阿里云服务器，总是发现有人恶意尝试登录，虽然密码强度很高，但是看着就闹心，索性把密码登录给ban掉改用密钥登录。</p><h2 id="生成密钥对" tabindex="-1">生成密钥对 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生成密钥对" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生成密钥对&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">~/.ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ssh-keygen</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rsa</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-C</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;邮箱地址&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">~/.ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ssh-keygen</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rsa</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-C</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;邮箱地址&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>此时会在/root/.ssh下生成id_rsa和id_rsa.pub的私钥和公钥</p><h2 id="服务器安装公钥" tabindex="-1">服务器安装公钥 <a class="header-anchor" href="#服务器安装公钥" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;服务器安装公钥&quot;">​</a></h2><p>使用<code>ssh-copy-id</code>命令将公钥拷贝到服务器上</p><blockquote><p>把本地的ssh公钥文件安装到远程主机对应的账户下,ssh-copy-id命令 可以把本地主机的公钥复制到远程主机的authorized_keys文件上，ssh-copy-id命令也会给远程主机的用户主目录（home）和~/.ssh, 和~/.ssh/authorized_keys设置合适的权限。 ssh-copy-id 用来将本地公钥复制到远程主机。如果不传入 -i 参数，ssh-copy-id 使用默认 ~/.ssh/identity.pub 作为默认公钥。如果多次运行 ssh-copy-id ，该命令不会检查重复，会在远程主机中多次写入 authorized_keys 。</p></blockquote><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ssh-copy-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-i </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">identify_file]</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [user@]host</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ssh-copy-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-i </span><span style="color:#032F62;">identify_file]</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [user@]host</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="修改ssh登录设置" tabindex="-1">修改ssh登录设置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改ssh登录设置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改ssh登录设置&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">RSAAuthentication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PubkeyAuthentication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">AuthorizedKeysFile</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.ssh/authorized_keys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#密码登录 此时不要关闭</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">RSAAuthentication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PubkeyAuthentication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">AuthorizedKeysFile</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.ssh/authorized_keys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#密码登录 此时不要关闭</span></span></code></pre></div><p>修改并保存，重启sshd服务<code>systemctl restart sshd</code></p><h2 id="设置私钥权限" tabindex="-1">设置私钥权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置私钥权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置私钥权限&quot;">​</a></h2><p>id_rsa文件权限需要调整，否则使用密钥登录会因为私钥文件权限问题被拒绝。</p><p>一般来说： .ssh目录设置700权限 id_rsa,authorized_keys文件设置600权限 id_rsa.pub,known_hosts文件设置644权限</p><h2 id="修改登录命令" tabindex="-1">修改登录命令 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改登录命令" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改登录命令&quot;">​</a></h2><p>登录使用<code>ssh -i &quot;私钥文件全路径&quot; root@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx</code></p><h2 id="尝试登录" tabindex="-1">尝试登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#尝试登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;尝试登录&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211218211917959.png" alt="image-20211218211917959"></p><p>登录成功</p><h2 id="关闭云服务器" tabindex="-1">关闭云服务器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关闭云服务器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关闭云服务器&quot;">​</a></h2><p>密钥登录成功后即可关闭服务器的密码登录</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#关闭密码登录</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PasswordAuthentication</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#关闭密码登录</span></span></code></pre></div><p>保存后重启sshd服务<code>systemctl restart sshd</code></p><h2 id="尝试密码登录" tabindex="-1">尝试密码登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#尝试密码登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;尝试密码登录&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20211218212154923.png" alt="image-20211218212154923"></p><p>可以看到密码登录已经被关闭</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/env/阿里云服务器启用密钥登录并禁用密码登录.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/linux/env/centos7%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E5%A2%99%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>centos7防火墙命令</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/linux/env/Linux%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Linux服务器文件目录共享映射配置</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>Linux访问权限控制之ACL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E7%A7%81%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86%E6%8F%90%E7%A4%BAserver%20refused%20our%20key.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux私钥登陆提示server refused our key</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Ubuntu-server.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Ubuntu-server</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/ArchLinux%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>ArchLinux安装</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/env/Linux%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Linux常用指令</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>应用</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 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data-v-e31bd47b>iptables</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/FFmpeg%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>FFmpeg相关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Grafana.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Grafana</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/linux/applications/Clash.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" 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aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _linux_hardware_linux%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="linux磁盘操作相关" tabindex="-1">linux磁盘操作相关 <a class="header-anchor" href="#linux磁盘操作相关" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;linux磁盘操作相关&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="查看磁盘、分区情况" tabindex="-1">查看磁盘、分区情况 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看磁盘、分区情况" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看磁盘、分区情况&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>fdisk -l</code>:查看硬盘个数、分区情况</p><h2 id="分区相关" tabindex="-1">分区相关 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分区相关" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分区相关&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>fdisk /dev/sdx</code>:磁盘分区，只能分小容量（2T以内)，mbr分区表</p><p><code>parted /dev/sdx</code>:磁盘分区，gpt分区表</p><blockquote><p>多个分区需要注意4k对齐，4k对齐内容介绍见下文引用的disk genius的文章</p></blockquote><h2 id="磁盘格式化" tabindex="-1">磁盘格式化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#磁盘格式化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;磁盘格式化&quot;">​</a></h2><p>根据自己需求的文件格式选择，例如常见的ext4文件系统</p><p><code>mkfs.ext4 [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size] [-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-N number-of-inodes] [-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] device</code></p><p>可以指定inode的个数和占用的空间和多少字节一个inode，需要注意inode如果过小，当inode使用完后，即使磁盘有空间也无法再写入数据。<code>/etc/mke2fs.conf</code>文件中定义了一些默认的类型配置，usage-type根据文件系统的主要用途对应的类型，例如largefile类型为1M一个inode，还有largefile4为4M一个inode，这样可以减少inode的占用空间和个数，用于存储大文件，但是实际上inode占用的空间对于大容量硬盘来说很少。</p><h2 id="调整磁盘预留空间" tabindex="-1">调整磁盘预留空间 <a class="header-anchor" href="#调整磁盘预留空间" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;调整磁盘预留空间&quot;">​</a></h2><p>ext2/3/4文件系统会预留5%空间用于紧急情况，保障在硬盘快满的时候不至于crash，但是一个16T的硬盘的5%将近800G，实在是浪费。可以通过<code>tune2fs</code>命令来减少预留空间</p><p><code>tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sdx</code>：将设备的预留空间调整为1%，也可以改成0，但不建议。</p><h2 id="磁盘挂载" tabindex="-1">磁盘挂载 <a class="header-anchor" href="#磁盘挂载" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;磁盘挂载&quot;">​</a></h2><p>手动挂载（重启失效）：<code>mount /dev/sdx /path</code></p><p>自动挂载(开机自动挂载)：</p><ul><li>命令<code>blkid /dev/sdx</code>记录需要挂载设备的uuid</li><li><code>vim /etc/fstab</code>添加一条记录，例如</li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">UUID</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">506</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ed1d0-bc35-4585-8496-1ff4de100982</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/repo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ext4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">defaults</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第一项为设备uuid 第二项为挂载点即挂载目录 第三项为文件系统类型 第四项为挂载的状态例如ro(只读)或defaults(包含了读写rw，exec，async等) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第五项为DUMP选项 默认0 第六项为被fsck命令决定启动时被扫描的文件系统顺序 仓库盘可以填0不需要扫描，系统盘1，其他可2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">UUID</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">506</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ed1d0-bc35-4585-8496-1ff4de100982</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/repo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ext4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">defaults</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第一项为设备uuid 第二项为挂载点即挂载目录 第三项为文件系统类型 第四项为挂载的状态例如ro(只读)或defaults(包含了读写rw，exec，async等) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第五项为DUMP选项 默认0 第六项为被fsck命令决定启动时被扫描的文件系统顺序 仓库盘可以填0不需要扫描，系统盘1，其他可2</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="硬盘分区4k对齐" tabindex="-1">硬盘分区4k对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#硬盘分区4k对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;硬盘分区4k对齐&quot;">​</a></h2><blockquote><p>内容引用自<code>disk genius</code>文章：<a href="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/about-4k-alignment.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">分区4K对齐那些事，你想知道的都在这里</a></p><h2 id="物理扇区的概念" tabindex="-1">物理扇区的概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#物理扇区的概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;物理扇区的概念&quot;">​</a></h2><p>分区对齐，是指将分区起始位置对齐到一定的扇区。我们要先了解对齐和扇区的关系。我们知道，硬盘的基本读写单位是“扇区”。对于硬盘的读写操作，每次读写都是以扇区为单位进行的，最少一个扇区，通常是512个字节。由于硬盘数据存储结构的限制，单独读写1个或几个字节是不可能的。通过系统提供的接口读写文件数据时，看起来可以单独读写少量字节，实际上是经过了操作系统的转换才实现的。硬盘实际执行时读写的仍然是整个扇区。</p><p>近年来，随着对硬盘容量的要求不断增加，为了提高数据记录密度，硬盘厂商往往采用增大扇区大小的方法，于是出现了扇区大小为4096字节的硬盘。我们将这样的扇区称之为“物理扇区”。但是这样的大扇区会有兼容性问题，有的系统或软件无法适应。为了解决这个问题，硬盘内部将物理扇区在逻辑上划分为多个扇区片段并将其作为普通的扇区（一般为512字节大小）报告给操作系统及应用软件。这样的扇区片段我们称之为“逻辑扇区”。实际读写时由硬盘内的程序（固件）负责在逻辑扇区与物理扇区之间进行转换，上层程序“感觉”不到物理扇区的存在。</p><p>逻辑扇区是硬盘可以接受读写指令的最小操作单元，是操作系统及应用程序可以访问的扇区，多数情况下其大小为512字节。我们通常所说的扇区一般就是指的逻辑扇区。物理扇区是硬盘底层硬件意义上的扇区，是实际执行读写操作的最小单元。是只能由硬盘直接访问的扇区，操作系统及应用程序一般无法直接访问物理扇区。一个物理扇区可以包含一个或多个逻辑扇区（比如多数硬盘的物理扇区包含了8个逻辑扇区）。当要读写某个逻辑扇区时，硬盘底层在实际操作时都会读写逻辑扇区所在的整个物理扇区。</p><p>这里说的“硬盘”及其“扇区”的概念，同样适用于存储卡、固态硬盘（SSD）。接下来我们统称其为“磁盘”。它们在使用上的基本原理是一致的。其中固态硬盘在实现上更加复杂，它有“页”和“块”的概念，为了便于理解，我们可以简单的将其视同为逻辑扇区和物理扇区。另外固态硬盘在写入数据之前必须先执行擦除操作，不能直接写入到已存有数据的块，必须先擦除再写入。所以固态硬盘（SSD）对分区4K对齐的要求更高。如果没有对齐，额外的动作会增加更多，造成读写性能下降。</p><h2 id="分区及其格式化" tabindex="-1">分区及其格式化 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分区及其格式化" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分区及其格式化&quot;">​</a></h2><p>磁盘在使用之前必须要先分区并格式化。简单的理解，分区就是指从磁盘上划分出来的一大片连续的扇区。格式化则是对分区范围内扇区的使用进行规划。比如文件数据的储存如何安排、文件属性储存在哪里、目录结构如何存储等等。分区经过格式化后，就可以存储文件了。格式化程序会将分区里面的所有扇区从头至尾进行分组，划分为固定大小的“簇”，并按顺序进行编号。每个“簇”可固定包含一个或多个扇区，其扇区个数总是2的n次方。格式化以后，分区就会以“簇”为最小单位进行读写。文件的数据、属性等等信息都要保存到“簇”里面。</p><h2 id="为什么要分区对齐" tabindex="-1">为什么要分区对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么要分区对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;为什么要分区对齐&quot;">​</a></h2><p>为磁盘划分分区时，是以逻辑扇区为单位进行划分的，分区可以从任意编号的逻辑扇区开始。如果分区的起始位置没有对齐到某个物理扇区的边缘，格式化后，所有的“簇”也将无法对齐到物理扇区的边缘。如下图所示，每个物理扇区由4个逻辑扇区组成。分区是从3号扇区开始的。格式化后，每个簇占用了4个扇区，这些簇都没有对齐到物理扇区的边缘，也就是说，每个簇都跨越了2个物理扇区。</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-01.png" alt="为什么要分区对齐"></p><p>由于磁盘总是以物理扇区为单位进行读写，在这样的分区情况下，当要读取某个簇时，实际上总是需要多读取一个物理扇区的数据。比如要读取0号簇共4个逻辑扇区的数据，磁盘实际执行时，必须要读取0号和1号两个物理扇区共8个逻辑扇区的数据。同理，对“簇”的写入操作也是这样。显而易见，这样会造成读写性能的严重下降。</p><p>下面再看对齐的情况。如下图所示，分区从4号扇区开始，刚好对齐到了物理扇区1的边缘，格式化后，每个簇同样占用了4个扇区，而且这些簇都对齐到了物理扇区的边缘。</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-02.png" alt="为什么要分区对齐"></p><p>在这样对齐的情况下，当要读取某个簇，磁盘实际执行时并不需要额外读取任何扇区，可以充分发挥磁盘的读写性能。显然这正是我们需要的。</p><p>由此可见，对于物理扇区大小与逻辑扇区大小不一致的磁盘，分区4K对齐才能充分发挥磁盘的读写性能。而不对齐就会造成磁盘读写性能的下降。</p><h2 id="如何才能对齐" tabindex="-1">如何才能对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何才能对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何才能对齐&quot;">​</a></h2><p>通过前述图示的两个例子可以看到，只要将分区的起始位置对齐到物理扇区的边缘，格式化程序就会将每个簇也对齐到物理扇区的边缘，这样就实现了分区的对齐。其实对齐很简单。</p><h3 id="如何检测物理扇区大小" tabindex="-1">如何检测物理扇区大小 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何检测物理扇区大小" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何检测物理扇区大小&quot;">​</a></h3><p>划分分区时，要想实现4K对齐，必须首先知道磁盘物理扇区的大小。那么如何查询呢？</p><p>打开DiskGenius软件，点击要检测的磁盘，在软件界面右侧的磁盘参数表中，可以找到“扇区大小”和“物理扇区大小”。其中“扇区大小”指的是逻辑扇区的大小。如图所示，这个磁盘的物理扇区大小为4096字节，通过计算得知，它包含了8个逻辑扇区。</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-03.png" alt="DiskGenius查看结果"></p><h3 id="对齐到多少个扇区才正确" tabindex="-1">对齐到多少个扇区才正确 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对齐到多少个扇区才正确" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对齐到多少个扇区才正确&quot;">​</a></h3><p>知道了“扇区大小”和“物理扇区大小”，用“物理扇区大小”除以“扇区大小”就能得到每个物理扇区所包含的逻辑扇区个数。这个数值就是我们要对齐的扇区个数的最小值。只要将分区起始位置对齐到这个数值的整数倍就可以了。举个例子，比如物理扇区大小是4096字节，逻辑扇区大小是512字节，那么4096除以512，等于8。我们只要将分区起始位置对齐到8的整数倍扇区就能满足分区对齐的要求。比如对齐到8、16、24、32、... 1024、2048等等。只要这个起始扇区号能够被8整除就都可以。并不是这个除数数值越大越好。Windows系统默认对齐的扇区数是2048。这个数值基本上能满足几乎所有磁盘的4K对齐要求了。</p><h3 id="为什么大家都说4k对齐" tabindex="-1">为什么大家都说4K对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么大家都说4k对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;为什么大家都说4K对齐&quot;">​</a></h3><p>习惯而已。因为开始出现物理扇区的概念时，多数磁盘的物理扇区大小都是4096即4K字节，习惯了就俗称4K对齐了。实际划分分区时还是要检测一下物理扇区大小，因为有些磁盘的物理扇区可能包含4个、8个、16个或者更多个逻辑扇区（总是2的n次方）。知道物理扇区大小后，再按照刚才说的计算方法，以物理扇区包含的逻辑扇区个数为基准，对齐到实际的物理扇区大小才是正确的。如果物理扇区大小是8192字节，那就要按照8192字节来对齐，严格来讲，这就不能叫4K对齐了。</p><h3 id="划分分区时如何具体操作分区对齐" tabindex="-1">划分分区时如何具体操作分区对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#划分分区时如何具体操作分区对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;划分分区时如何具体操作分区对齐&quot;">​</a></h3><p>以DiskGenius软件为例，建立新分区时，在“建立新分区”对话框中勾选“对齐到下列扇区数的整数倍”，然后选择需要对齐的扇区数目，点“确定”后建立的分区就是对齐的了。</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-04.png" alt="DiskGenius复制文件"></p><p>软件在“扇区数目”下拉框中列出了很多的选项，从中选择任意一个大于物理扇区大小的扇区数都是可以的，都能满足对齐要求。软件列出那么多的扇区数选项只是增加了选择的自由度，并不是数值越大越好。使用过大的数值可能会造成磁盘空间的浪费。软件默认的设置已经能够满足几乎所有磁盘的 4K对齐要求。</p><p>除了“建立新分区”对话框，DiskGenius软件还有一个“<a href="https://www.diskgenius.cn/help/fastpart.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">快速分区</a>”功能，其中也有相同的对齐设置。如下图所示：</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-05.png" alt="注册DiskGenius"></p><h2 id="如何检测是否对齐" tabindex="-1">如何检测是否对齐 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何检测是否对齐" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何检测是否对齐&quot;">​</a></h2><p>作为一款强大的分区管理软件，DiskGenius同样提供了<a href="https://www.diskgenius.cn/help/4k-alignment.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">分区4K对齐检测</a>的功能。你可以用它检测一下自己硬盘的分区是否对齐了。使用方法很简单，打开软件后，首先在软件左侧选中要检测的磁盘，然后选择“工具”菜单中的“分区4KB扇区对齐检测”，软件立即显示检测结果，如下图所示：</p><p><img src="https://www.diskgenius.cn/exp/img/4k-align-06.png" alt="注册DiskGenius"></p><p>最右侧“对齐”一栏是“Y”的分区就是对齐的分区，否则就是没有对齐。没有对齐的分区会用红色字体显示。</p></blockquote></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/linux/hardware/linux磁盘操作相关.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 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data-v-e31bd47b>Clash</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>硬件</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" 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d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>requests模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>验证码识别和模拟登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div 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href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>CrawlSpider全站爬取</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Django入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" 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href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_base_python%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="python基础语法" tabindex="-1">python基础语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python基础语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python基础语法&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="第一个python程序" tabindex="-1">第一个Python程序 <a class="header-anchor" href="#第一个python程序" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;第一个Python程序&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="基础语法" tabindex="-1">基础语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础语法&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="标识符" tabindex="-1">标识符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#标识符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;标识符&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>第一个字符必须是字母或下划线<code>_</code></li><li>标识符由字母、数字、下划线组成</li><li>标识符对大小写敏感</li></ul><p>python3中支持中文变量名</p><h3 id="python关键字" tabindex="-1">python关键字 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python关键字" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python关键字&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> keyword</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(keyword.kwlist)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;False&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;None&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;True&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__peg_parser__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;and&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;as&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;assert&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;async&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;await&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;break&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;class&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;continue&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;def&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;del&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;elif&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;else&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;except&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;finally&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;for&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;from&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;global&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;if&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;import&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;in&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;is&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;lambda&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;nonlocal&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;not&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;or&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pass&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;raise&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;return&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;try&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;while&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;with&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;yield&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> keyword</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(keyword.kwlist)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;False&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;None&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;True&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__peg_parser__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;and&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;as&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;assert&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;async&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;await&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;break&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;class&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;continue&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;def&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;del&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;elif&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;else&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;except&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;finally&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;for&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;from&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;global&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;if&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;import&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;in&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;is&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;lambda&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;nonlocal&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;not&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;or&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pass&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;raise&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;return&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;try&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;while&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;with&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;yield&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="注释" tabindex="-1">注释 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注释" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注释&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python中单行注释<code>#</code></p><p>多行注释可以多个<code>#</code>或者三单引号<code>&#39;&#39;&#39;</code>和三双引号<code>&quot;&quot;&quot;</code></p><h3 id="行与缩进" tabindex="-1">行与缩进 <a class="header-anchor" href="#行与缩进" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;行与缩进&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python使用缩进来表示代码块，而不是像Java一样的<code>{}</code>，目前还很不习惯。。</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;true&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;false&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;true&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;false&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="多行语句" tabindex="-1">多行语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多行语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多行语句&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python一般一行写一条一句，特殊情况可以使用反斜杠<code>\</code>实现多行语句</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">total </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item_one </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item_two </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item_three</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">total </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item_one </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item_two </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item_three</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在<code>[]</code>,<code>{}</code>,<code>()</code>中的多行语句不需要<code>\</code></p><h3 id="数字类型" tabindex="-1">数字类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数字类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数字类型&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python中的数字有四种类型：</p><ul><li>int整型</li><li>bool布尔</li><li>float浮点</li><li>complex复数 例如 1+2j</li></ul><h3 id="字符串" tabindex="-1">字符串 <a class="header-anchor" href="#字符串" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;字符串&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>python中的单引号和双引号完全相同</li><li>使用三引号可以指定多行字符串</li><li>转义符<code>\</code></li><li>反斜杠可用作转移，使用r可以让反斜杠不发生转义。例如 r‘this is a line with \n’ 则会显示\n而非换行</li><li>级联字符串“this” “is” “string” 会转换为“this is string”</li><li>字符串可以用+运算符实现拼接，用*表示重复</li><li>python中字符串有两种索引方式，从左往右从0开始，从右往左从-1开始</li><li>python中字符串不能改变（和java一样）</li><li>python没有字符类型，一个字符就是长度为1的字符串</li><li>字符串切片：变量[头下标:尾下标:步长]</li></ul><h3 id="空行" tabindex="-1">空行 <a class="header-anchor" href="#空行" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;空行&quot;">​</a></h3><p>函数之间或类之间用空行分隔，一般是两个空行，以分隔两段不同功能或含义的代码</p><p>同一行显示多条语句</p><p>使用<code>;</code>分隔（ps，python的语句后面不用每行加分号，好不习惯。。。）</p><h3 id="代码块" tabindex="-1">代码块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#代码块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;代码块&quot;">​</a></h3><p>缩进相同的一组语句构成一个代码块，我们称首行及后面的代码称为一个子句（clause）</p><h3 id="print输出" tabindex="-1">print输出 <a class="header-anchor" href="#print输出" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;print输出&quot;">​</a></h3><p>print输出类似java中的println，默认是换行的，如果不想换行在print函数中加入参数<code>ene=&#39;&#39;</code></p><p>例如 <code>print(&#39;x&#39;, end =&#39;&#39; )</code></p><h2 id="基本数据类型" tabindex="-1">基本数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本数据类型&quot;">​</a></h2><p>python中的变量不需要声明（但python是强类型语言），使用变量前必须赋值，赋值以后变量才会创建。</p><p>在python中，变量就是变量，没有类型。我们所说的类型是变量所指的内存中对象的数据类型</p><h3 id="多个变量赋值" tabindex="-1">多个变量赋值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多个变量赋值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多个变量赋值&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span></code></pre></div><p>以上实例，创建一个整型对象1，从后向前赋值，三个变量被赋予相同的值</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a, b, c </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;noob&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a, b, c </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;noob&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>以上实例，两个整型对象1，2分配给a和b，字符串对象<code>noob</code>分配给变量c</p><h3 id="标准数据类型" tabindex="-1">标准数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#标准数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;标准数据类型&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python3中有六个标准数据类型</p><ul><li>Number</li><li>String</li><li>List</li><li>Tuple</li><li>Set</li><li>Dictionary</li></ul><p>其中</p><ul><li>可变数据类型：List、Dictionary、Set</li><li>不可变：Number、String、Tuple</li></ul><h3 id="判断数据类型" tabindex="-1">判断数据类型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#判断数据类型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;判断数据类型&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>type()</code>函数或者<code>isinstance()</code>函数</p><p>区别：</p><ul><li>type()不会认为子类是父类的类型</li><li>isinstance()会认为子类是父类类型</li></ul><h3 id="数值运算符" tabindex="-1">数值运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数值运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数值运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><p>特殊：</p><ul><li><code>//</code>除法，得到一个整数</li><li><code>%</code>取余数（取模）</li><li>混合计算时，python会把整型转换为浮点型</li></ul><h3 id="string" tabindex="-1">String <a class="header-anchor" href="#string" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;String&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python的字符串用单引号或双引号括起来</p><h4 id="特殊用法" tabindex="-1">特殊用法: <a class="header-anchor" href="#特殊用法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;特殊用法:&quot;">​</a></h4><p>定义字符串时 加前缀 u/b/r/f</p><ul><li>u:作用以Unicode格式编码字符串,一般用在中文字符串前面，防止因为源码储存格式问题，导致再次使用时出现乱码</li><li>b:表示：后面字符串是bytes 类型</li><li>r:作用是去除转义字符</li><li>f:作用是支持大括号内的python 表达式</li></ul><p>字符串截取语法：<code>变量[头下标:尾下标]</code> 前闭后开</p><p>字符串的切片:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Runoob&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出第一个到倒数第二个的所有字符 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串第一个字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出从第三个开始到第五个的字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:])      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出从第三个开始的后的所有字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串两次，也可以写成 print (2 * str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TEST&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 连接字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Runoob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Runoo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">R</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">noo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">noob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">RunoobRunoob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">RunoobTEST</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Runoob&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出第一个到倒数第二个的所有字符 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串第一个字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出从第三个开始到第五个的字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (str[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:])      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出从第三个开始的后的所有字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输出字符串两次，也可以写成 print (2 * str)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;TEST&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 连接字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Runoob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Runoo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">R</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">noo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">noob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">RunoobRunoob</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">RunoobTEST</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="list" tabindex="-1">List <a class="header-anchor" href="#list" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;List&quot;">​</a></h3><p>List是python中使用最频繁的数据类型</p><p>列表是写在方括号<code>[]</code>之间、用逗号分隔开的元素列表</p><p>和字符串一样，列表可以被索引和截取，列表被截取后返回一个新列表</p><p><strong>注意：</strong></p><ul><li>列表可以使用<code>+</code>进行拼接</li></ul><h3 id="tuple元组" tabindex="-1">Tuple元组 <a class="header-anchor" href="#tuple元组" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Tuple元组&quot;">​</a></h3><p>tuple和列表类似，但是是由<code>()</code>括起来的，且不可变数据类型</p><p>元素一样可以被索引和截取，元组也可以使用+进行拼接</p><h3 id="set" tabindex="-1">Set <a class="header-anchor" href="#set" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Set&quot;">​</a></h3><p>set可以使用大括号<code>{}</code>或者<code>set()</code>函数创建集合，创建一个空集合时必须使用set()函数而非<code>{ }</code>，因为<code>{ }</code>被用来创建一个空字典</p><p>set和java中的set集合一样存储的数据都是不重复的</p><h3 id="dictionary" tabindex="-1">Dictionary <a class="header-anchor" href="#dictionary" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Dictionary&quot;">​</a></h3><p>字典（dictionary）是Python中另一个非常有用的内置数据类型。 类似java的Map</p><p>列表是有序的对象集合，字典是无序的对象集合。两者之间的区别在于：字典当中的元素是通过键来存取的，而不是通过偏移存取。</p><p>字典是一种映射类型，字典用 <strong>{ }</strong> 标识，它是一个无序的 <strong>键(key) : 值(value)</strong> 的集合。</p><p>键(key)必须使用不可变类型。</p><p>在同一个字典中，键(key)必须是唯一的。</p><h3 id="python的数据类型转换" tabindex="-1">python的数据类型转换 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python的数据类型转换" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python的数据类型转换&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th>语法</th><th>作用</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>[int(x <a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-int.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">,base])</a></td><td>将x转换为一个整数</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-float.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">float(x)</a></td><td>将x转换到一个浮点数</td></tr><tr><td>[complex(real <a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-complex.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">,imag])</a></td><td>创建一个复数</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-str.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">str(x)</a></td><td>将对象 x 转换为字符串</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-repr.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">repr(x)</a></td><td>将对象 x 转换为表达式字符串</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-eval.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">eval(str)</a></td><td>用来计算在字符串中的有效Python表达式,并返回一个对象</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-tuple.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">tuple(s)</a></td><td>将序列 s 转换为一个元组</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-att-list-list.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">list(s)</a></td><td>将序列 s 转换为一个列表</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-set.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">set(s)</a></td><td>转换为可变集合</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-dict.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">dict(d)</a></td><td>创建一个字典。d 必须是一个 (key, value)元组序列。</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-frozenset.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">frozenset(s)</a></td><td>转换为不可变集合</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-chr.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">chr(x)</a></td><td>将一个整数转换为一个字符</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-ord.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ord(x)</a></td><td>将一个字符转换为它的整数值</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-hex.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">hex(x)</a></td><td>将一个整数转换为一个十六进制字符串</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python-func-oct.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">oct(x)</a></td><td>将一个整数转换为一个八进制字符串</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="运算符" tabindex="-1">运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;运算符&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="算术运算符" tabindex="-1">算术运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#算术运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;算术运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">+</td><td style="text-align:left;">加 - 两个对象相加</td><td style="text-align:left;">a + b 输出结果 31</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">-</td><td style="text-align:left;">减 - 得到负数或是一个数减去另一个数</td><td style="text-align:left;">a - b 输出结果 -11</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">*</td><td style="text-align:left;">乘 - 两个数相乘或是返回一个被重复若干次的字符串</td><td style="text-align:left;">a * b 输出结果 210</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">/</td><td style="text-align:left;">除 - x 除以 y</td><td style="text-align:left;">b / a 输出结果 2.1</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">%</td><td style="text-align:left;">取模 - 返回除法的余数</td><td style="text-align:left;">b % a 输出结果 1</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">**</td><td style="text-align:left;">幂 - 返回x的y次幂</td><td style="text-align:left;">a**b 为10的21次方</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">//</td><td style="text-align:left;">取整除 - 向下取接近商的整数</td><td style="text-align:left;"><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; 9//2 4 &gt;&gt;&gt; -9//2 -5</code></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="比较运算符" tabindex="-1">比较运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#比较运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;比较运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">==</td><td style="text-align:left;">等于 - 比较对象是否相等</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a == b) 返回 False。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">!=</td><td style="text-align:left;">不等于 - 比较两个对象是否不相等</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a != b) 返回 True。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">&gt;</td><td style="text-align:left;">大于 - 返回x是否大于y</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a &gt; b) 返回 False。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">&lt;</td><td style="text-align:left;">小于 - 返回x是否小于y。所有比较运算符返回1表示真，返回0表示假。这分别与特殊的变量True和False等价。注意，这些变量名的大写。</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a &lt; b) 返回 True。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">&gt;=</td><td style="text-align:left;">大于等于 - 返回x是否大于等于y。</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a &gt;= b) 返回 False。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">&lt;=</td><td style="text-align:left;">小于等于 - 返回x是否小于等于y。</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a &lt;= b) 返回 True。</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="赋值运算符" tabindex="-1">赋值运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#赋值运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;赋值运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">=</td><td style="text-align:left;">简单的赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c = a + b 将 a + b 的运算结果赋值为 c</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">+=</td><td style="text-align:left;">加法赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c += a 等效于 c = c + a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">-=</td><td style="text-align:left;">减法赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c -= a 等效于 c = c - a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">*=</td><td style="text-align:left;">乘法赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c *= a 等效于 c = c * a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">/=</td><td style="text-align:left;">除法赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c /= a 等效于 c = c / a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">%=</td><td style="text-align:left;">取模赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c %= a 等效于 c = c % a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">**=</td><td style="text-align:left;">幂赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c **= a 等效于 c = c ** a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">//=</td><td style="text-align:left;">取整除赋值运算符</td><td style="text-align:left;">c //= a 等效于 c = c // a</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">:=</td><td style="text-align:left;">海象运算符，可在表达式内部为变量赋值。<strong>Python3.8 版本新增运算符</strong>。</td><td style="text-align:left;">在这个示例中，赋值表达式可以避免调用 len() 两次:<code>if (n := len(a)) &gt; 10: print(f&quot;List is too long ({n} elements, expected &lt;= 10)&quot;)</code>（这个特性java中默认就有）</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="逻辑运算符" tabindex="-1">逻辑运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#逻辑运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;逻辑运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">逻辑表达式</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">and</td><td style="text-align:left;">x and y</td><td style="text-align:left;">布尔&quot;与&quot; - 如果 x 为 False，x and y 返回 x 的值，否则返回 y 的计算值。</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a and b) 返回 20。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">or</td><td style="text-align:left;">x or y</td><td style="text-align:left;">布尔&quot;或&quot; - 如果 x 是 True，它返回 x 的值，否则它返回 y 的计算值。</td><td style="text-align:left;">(a or b) 返回 10。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">not</td><td style="text-align:left;">not x</td><td style="text-align:left;">布尔&quot;非&quot; - 如果 x 为 True，返回 False 。如果 x 为 False，它返回 True。</td><td style="text-align:left;">not(a and b) 返回 False</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="成员运算符" tabindex="-1">成员运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#成员运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;成员运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">in</td><td style="text-align:left;">如果在指定的序列中找到值返回 True，否则返回 False。</td><td style="text-align:left;">x 在 y 序列中 , 如果 x 在 y 序列中返回 True。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">not in</td><td style="text-align:left;">如果在指定的序列中没有找到值返回 True，否则返回 False。</td><td style="text-align:left;">x 不在 y 序列中 , 如果 x 不在 y 序列中返回 True。</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="身份运算符" tabindex="-1">身份运算符 <a class="header-anchor" href="#身份运算符" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;身份运算符&quot;">​</a></h3><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">运算符</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th><th style="text-align:left;">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">is</td><td style="text-align:left;">is 是判断两个标识符是不是引用自一个对象</td><td style="text-align:left;"><strong>x is y</strong>, 类似 <strong>id(x) == id(y)</strong> , 如果引用的是同一个对象则返回 True，否则返回 False</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">is not</td><td style="text-align:left;">is not 是判断两个标识符是不是引用自不同对象</td><td style="text-align:left;"><strong>x is not y</strong> ， 类似 <strong>id(a) != id(b)</strong>。如果引用的不是同一个对象则返回结果 True，否则返回 False。</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="流程控制语句" tabindex="-1">流程控制语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程控制语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程控制语句&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="if条件控制" tabindex="-1">if条件控制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#if条件控制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;if条件控制&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python的条件控控制语法上和格式上和java一些区别</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> condition_1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement_block_1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">elif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> condition_2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement_block_2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement_block_3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> condition_1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement_block_1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">elif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> condition_2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement_block_2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement_block_3</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Python 中用 <strong>elif</strong> 代替了 <strong>else if</strong>，所以if语句的关键字为：<strong>if – elif – else</strong>。</p><p><strong>注意：</strong></p><ul><li>1、每个条件后面要使用冒号 <strong>:</strong>，表示接下来是满足条件后要执行的语句块。</li><li>2、使用缩进来划分语句块，相同缩进数的语句在一起组成一个语句块。</li><li>3、在Python中没有switch – case语句。</li></ul><h4 id="if后跟的表达式" tabindex="-1">if后跟的表达式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#if后跟的表达式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;if后跟的表达式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>如果if后面的条件是数字，只要这个数字不是0，python都会把它当做True处理</p></li><li><p>如果if后面跟的是字符串，则只要这个字符串不为空串，python就把它看作True</p></li><li><p>同样的如果if后跟元组，list，set，字典 只要不为空就是true</p></li></ul><h4 id="三目运算" tabindex="-1">三目运算 <a class="header-anchor" href="#三目运算" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;三目运算&quot;">​</a></h4><p>和java中的三元运算类似</p><p>语法: <code>变量 = 表达式1 if 条件 else 表达式2</code></p><p>例如</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="循环控制语句" tabindex="-1">循环控制语句 <a class="header-anchor" href="#循环控制语句" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;循环控制语句&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python中的循环有for和while两种</p><h4 id="while" tabindex="-1">while <a class="header-anchor" href="#while" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;while&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 判断条件(condition)：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    执行语句(statements)……</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 判断条件(condition)：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    执行语句(statements)……</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="while循环使用else" tabindex="-1">while循环使用else <a class="header-anchor" href="#while循环使用else" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;while循环使用else&quot;">​</a></h5><p>while...else在条件语句为false时执行else的代码块</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expr:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expr:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement2</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="for" tabindex="-1">for <a class="header-anchor" href="#for" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;for&quot;">​</a></h4><p>for 循环可以遍历任何可选代对象，如一个列表或者一个字符串。</p><p>for循环的一般格式如下：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">variable</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sequence</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">statements</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">statements</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">variable</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">sequence</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">statements</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">statements</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="continue和break" tabindex="-1">continue和break <a class="header-anchor" href="#continue和break" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;continue和break&quot;">​</a></h4><p>用法和java一样</p><p><strong>break区别</strong>：</p><ul><li>python中的else和配合循环使用，在循环穷尽列表(for循环)或条件变为 false (while循环)导致循环终止时被执行，但循环被 break 终止时不执行。</li></ul><p>例如:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;33333333&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;循环完毕&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">执行结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">33333333</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">循环完毕</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;33333333&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;循环完毕&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">执行结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">33333333</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">循环完毕</span></span></code></pre></div><p>而当循环是break终止的时候，else代码块不会执行：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;333&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;循环完毕&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">执行结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">333</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;333&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">break</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;循环完毕&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">执行结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">333</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="pass" tabindex="-1">pass <a class="header-anchor" href="#pass" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pass&quot;">​</a></h4><p>Python pass是空语句，是为了保持程序结构的完整性。</p><p>pass 不做任何事情，一般用做占位语句</p><p>例如：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyTestClass</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">my_func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> expr:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyTestClass</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">my_func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> expr:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="迭代器与生成器" tabindex="-1">迭代器与生成器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#迭代器与生成器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;迭代器与生成器&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="迭代器" tabindex="-1">迭代器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#迭代器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;迭代器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>迭代器是python中访问集合元素的一种方式，有两个基本方法<code>iter()</code>和<code>next()</code></p><p>字符串、列表或元组对象都可以创建迭代器</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">it </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(it))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">next</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(it))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">it </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(it))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">next</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(it))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span></code></pre></div><p>迭代器对象可以使用常规for语句进行遍历：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">it </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">iter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> it:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">end</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot; &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">it </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">iter</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> it:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">end</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot; &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="生成器" tabindex="-1">生成器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生成器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生成器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在 Python 中，使用了 yield 的函数被称为生成器（generator）。</p><p>跟普通函数不同的是，生成器是一个返回迭代器的函数，只能用于迭代操作，更简单点理解生成器就是一个迭代器。</p><p>在调用生成器运行的过程中，每次遇到 yield 时函数会暂停并保存当前所有的运行信息，返回 yield 的值, 并在下一次执行 next() 方法时从当前位置继续运行。</p><p>调用一个生成器函数，返回的是一个迭代器对象。</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">gen_fun</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;11111111111&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;22222222222&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gen_fun()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> obj:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">generator </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> gen_fun at </span><span style="color:#F97583;">0x</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0000029394291AC0</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">22222222222</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">gen_fun</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;11111111111&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;22222222222&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gen_fun()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> obj:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">generator </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> gen_fun at </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">0x</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0000029394291AC0</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">11111111111</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">22222222222</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面的代码可以看到在调用函数过程中,&#39;111111&#39;和&#39;222222222&#39;并没有打印出来,而是在for循环中才执行,这就是因为yield导致了函数的暂停,而for循环实际底层是迭代器实现,所以才恢复到print语句的位置继续执行</p><h2 id="函数" tabindex="-1">函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数&quot;">​</a></h2><p>对应java中的方法</p><h3 id="定义一个函数" tabindex="-1">定义一个函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#定义一个函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;定义一个函数&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>函数代码块以 <strong>def</strong> 关键词开头，后接函数标识符名称和圆括号 <strong>()</strong>。</li><li>任何传入参数和自变量必须放在圆括号中间，圆括号之间可以用于定义参数。</li><li>函数的第一行语句可以选择性地使用文档字符串—用于存放函数说明。</li><li>函数内容以冒号 <strong>:</strong> 起始，并且缩进。</li><li><strong>return [表达式]</strong> 结束函数，选择性地返回一个值给调用方，不带表达式的 return 相当于返回 None。</li></ul><p>一般格式：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 函数名（参数列表）:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    函数体</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 函数名（参数列表）:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    函数体</span></span></code></pre></div><p>默认情况下，参数值和名称是按声明的顺序匹配的</p><h3 id="参数传递" tabindex="-1">参数传递 <a class="header-anchor" href="#参数传递" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;参数传递&quot;">​</a></h3><p>由于python中的变量没有类型，所以不像java的参数列表都是有类型声明的</p><p>在 python 中，strings, tuples, 和 numbers 是不可更改的对象，而 list,dict 等则是可以修改的对象。</p><ul><li><strong>不可变类型:</strong> 变量赋值 <strong>a=5</strong> 后再赋值 <strong>a=10</strong>，这里实际是新生成一个 int 值对象 10，再让 a 指向它，而 5 被丢弃，不是改变 a 的值，相当于新生成了 a。</li><li><strong>可变类型:</strong> 变量赋值 <strong>la=[1,2,3,4]</strong> 后再赋值 <strong>la[2]=5</strong> 则是将 list la 的第三个元素值更改，本身la没有动，只是其内部的一部分值被修改了。</li></ul><h4 id="python函数的参数传递-这个和java有区别-java都是值传递" tabindex="-1">python函数的参数传递：<strong>这个和java有区别，java都是值传递</strong> <a class="header-anchor" href="#python函数的参数传递-这个和java有区别-java都是值传递" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python函数的参数传递：**这个和java有区别，java都是值传递**&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><strong>不可变类型:</strong> 值传递，如整数、字符串、元组。如 fun(a)，传递的只是 a 的值，没有影响 a 对象本身。如果在 fun(a) 内部修改 a 的值，则是新生成一个 a 的对象。</li><li><strong>可变类型:</strong> 引用传递，如 列表，字典。如 fun(la)，则是将 la 真正的传过去，修改后 fun 外部的 la 也会受影响</li></ul><h3 id="参数" tabindex="-1">参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;参数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>以下是调用函数时可使用的正式参数类型：</p><h4 id="必需参数" tabindex="-1">必需参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#必需参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;必需参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>按照正确顺序传入参数，调用的数量和声明的数量必须一致</p><h4 id="关键字参数" tabindex="-1">关键字参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#关键字参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;关键字参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>调用使用关键字参数来确定传入的参数值，使用关键字参数允许调用时与声明时的顺序不一致，因为python解释器能用参数名匹配参数值</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">print_me</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">print_me(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printinfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( name, age ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;打印任何传入的字符串&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;名字: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;年龄: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, age)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用printinfo函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;mike&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">名字： mike</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">年龄： </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">print_me</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">print_me(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printinfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( name, age ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;打印任何传入的字符串&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;名字: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;年龄: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, age)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用printinfo函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;mike&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">名字： mike</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">年龄： </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="默认参数" tabindex="-1">默认参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#默认参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;默认参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>调用函数时，如果没有传递参数，则会使用默认参数。以下实例中如果没有传入 age 参数，则使用默认值</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">printinfo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( name, age </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">35</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;名字: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;年龄: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, age)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用printinfo函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">age</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tom&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;------------------------&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;tom&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">名字:  tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">年龄:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">------------------------</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">名字:  tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">年龄:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">35</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">printinfo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( name, age </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">35</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;名字: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;年龄: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, age)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#调用printinfo函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#E36209;">age</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tom&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;------------------------&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">printinfo( </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;tom&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">名字:  tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">年龄:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">------------------------</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">名字:  tom</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">年龄:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">35</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="不定长参数" tabindex="-1">不定长参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不定长参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不定长参数&quot;">​</a></h4><p>你可能需要一个函数能处理比当初声明时更多的参数。这些参数叫做不定长参数，和上述 2 种参数不同，声明时不会命名。</p><h5 id="args" tabindex="-1">*args <a class="header-anchor" href="#args" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;*args&quot;">​</a></h5><p>*args就是就是传递一个可变参数列表给函数实参，这个参数列表的数目未知，甚至长度可以为0。下面这段代码演示了如何使用args</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test_args</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(first, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Required argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, first)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Optional argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test_args(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Required argument:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tuple&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test_args</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(first, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Required argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, first)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Optional argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test_args(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Required argument:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tuple&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="kwargs" tabindex="-1">**kwargs <a class="header-anchor" href="#kwargs" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;**kwargs&quot;">​</a></h5><p>而**kwargs则是将一个可变的关键字参数的字典传给函数实参，同样参数列表长度可以为0或为其他值。下面这段代码演示了如何使用kwargs</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test_kwargs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(first, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Required argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, first)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(kwargs))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Optional argument (args): &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> k, v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kwargs.items():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Optional argument </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (k, v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test_kwargs(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">k1</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">k2</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Required argument:  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dict&#39;</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument k2 (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Optional argument k1 (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test_kwargs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(first, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Required argument: &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, first)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(kwargs))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Optional argument (args): &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, v)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> k, v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kwargs.items():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Optional argument </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (k, v))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test_kwargs(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">k1</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">k2</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果：</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Required argument:  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dict&#39;</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument (args):  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument k2 (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Optional argument k1 (kwargs): </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="参数中单独的" tabindex="-1">参数中单独的* <a class="header-anchor" href="#参数中单独的" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;参数中单独的*&quot;">​</a></h5><p>声明函数时，参数中星号 * 可以单独出现，例如:</p><p>参数列表里的 * 星号，标志着位置参数的就此终结，之后的那些参数，都只能以关键字形式来指定。</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a,b,</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,c):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">c</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># f（1，2，3）-&gt;会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># f（1，2，c=3) -&gt; 正常</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a,b,</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,c):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;">c</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># f（1，2，3）-&gt;会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># f（1，2，c=3) -&gt; 正常</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="调用" tabindex="-1">调用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#调用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;调用&quot;">​</a></h5><p>args和kwargs不仅可以在函数定义中使用，还可以在函数调用中使用。在函数定义时使用就相当于pack（打包），在函数调用时就相当于unpack（解包）。</p><p>首先来看一下使用args来解包调用函数的代码，</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test_args_kwargs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(arg1, arg2, arg3):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arg1:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, arg1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arg2:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, arg2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arg3:&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, arg3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;two&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test_args_kwargs(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">结果:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg1: two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg2: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">arg3: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test_args_kwargs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(arg1, arg2, arg3):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arg1:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, arg1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arg2:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, arg2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arg3:&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, arg3)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;two&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test_args_kwargs(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">结果:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">arg1: two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">arg2: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">arg3: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span></code></pre></div><p>kwargs的用法类似：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">kwargs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{&quot;arg3&quot;:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arg2&quot;:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;two&quot;,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;arg1&quot;:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">test_args_kwargs(**kwargs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">arg1:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">arg2:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">arg3:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">kwargs</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">{&quot;arg3&quot;:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arg2&quot;:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;two&quot;,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;arg1&quot;:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#032F62;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test_args_kwargs(**kwargs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#result</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">arg1:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">arg2:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">arg3:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="匿名函数" tabindex="-1">匿名函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#匿名函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;匿名函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python中使用lambda来创建匿名函数</p><p>所谓匿名，意即不再使用 def 语句这样标准的形式定义一个函数。</p><ul><li>lambda 只是一个表达式，函数体比 def 简单很多。</li><li>lambda的主体是一个表达式，而不是一个代码块。仅仅能在lambda表达式中封装有限的逻辑进去。</li><li>lambda 函数拥有自己的命名空间，且不能访问自己参数列表之外或全局命名空间里的参数。</li><li>lambda函数只能写一行</li></ul><h4 id="语法" tabindex="-1">语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;语法&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">lambda</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [arg1 [,arg2,.....argn]]:expression</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">lambda</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [arg1 [,arg2,.....argn]]:expression</span></span></code></pre></div><p>例子：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">lambda</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg1, arg2: arg1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> arg2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 调用sum函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;相加后的值为 : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;相加后的值为 : &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">sum</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">( </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">相加后的值为 :  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">相加后的值为 :  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">40</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">lambda</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg1, arg2: arg1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> arg2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 调用sum函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;相加后的值为 : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;相加后的值为 : &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">sum</span><span style="color:#24292E;">( </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">相加后的值为 :  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">相加后的值为 :  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">40</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="列表推导式" tabindex="-1">列表推导式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#列表推导式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;列表推导式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>作用:快速生成列表</p><p>语法:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">变量 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [生成规则 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 临时变量 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 集合]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">变量 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [生成规则 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 临时变量 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 集合]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>每循环一次就会生成一个符合生成规则的数据添加到列表中</p><p>例如:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(my_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(my_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="强制位置参数" tabindex="-1">强制位置参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#强制位置参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;强制位置参数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Python3.8 新增了一个函数形参语法 / 用来指明函数形参必须使用指定位置参数，不能使用关键字参数的形式。</p><p>在以下的例子中，形参 a 和 b 必须使用指定位置参数，c 或 d 可以是位置形参或关键字形参，而 e 或 f 要求为关键字形参:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">f</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, c, d, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, e, f):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b, c, d, e, f)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">f</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, c, d, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, e, f):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b, c, d, e, f)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>正确：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">f(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">40</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">f</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">f(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">40</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">f</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>错误：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">f(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">b</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">c</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">40</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">e</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">f</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># b 不能使用关键字参数的形式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">f(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">40</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">f</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)           </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># e 必须使用关键字参数的形式</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">f(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">b</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">c</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">40</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">e</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">f</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># b 不能使用关键字参数的形式</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">f(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">40</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">f</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)           </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># e 必须使用关键字参数的形式</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="模块" tabindex="-1">模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;模块&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> module1[, module2[,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> moduleN]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name1[, name2[, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> nameN]]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> modname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> module1[, module2[,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> moduleN]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name1[, name2[, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> nameN]]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> modname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="name-属性" tabindex="-1">__name__属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#name-属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;__name__属性&quot;">​</a></h3><p>一个模块被另一个程序第一次引入时，其主程序将运行。如果我们想在模块被引入时，模块中的某一程序块不执行，我们可以用__name__属性来使该程序块仅在该模块自身运行时执行。</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;程序自身在运行&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;我来自另一模块&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;程序自身在运行&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;我来自另一模块&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>说明：</strong> 每个模块都有一个__name__属性，当其值是&#39;<strong>main</strong>&#39;时，表明该模块自身在运行，否则是被引入。</p><p>说明：<strong><strong>name</strong></strong> 与 <strong><strong>main</strong></strong> 底下是双下划线</p><h3 id="dir-函数" tabindex="-1">dir()函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dir-函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;dir()函数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(sys)  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__displayhook__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__doc__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__excepthook__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__loader__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__name__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__package__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__stderr__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__stdin__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__stdout__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_clear_type_cache&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_current_frames&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_debugmallocstats&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_getframe&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_mercurial&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_xoptions&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;abiflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;api_version&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;argv&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;base_exec_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;base_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;builtin_module_names&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;byteorder&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;call_tracing&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;callstats&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;copyright&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;displayhook&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dont_write_bytecode&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;exc_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;excepthook&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;exec_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;executable&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;exit&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;flags&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;float_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;float_repr_style&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getcheckinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getdefaultencoding&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getdlopenflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getfilesystemencoding&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getobjects&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getprofile&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getrecursionlimit&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getrefcount&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getsizeof&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;getswitchinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;gettotalrefcount&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;gettrace&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hash_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;hexversion&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;implementation&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;int_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;intern&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;maxsize&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;maxunicode&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;meta_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;modules&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;path_hooks&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;path_importer_cache&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;platform&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ps1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setcheckinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setdlopenflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setprofile&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setrecursionlimit&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;setswitchinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;settrace&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;stderr&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;stdin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;stdout&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;thread_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;version&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;version_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;warnoptions&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">dir</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(sys)  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__displayhook__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__doc__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__excepthook__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__loader__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__name__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__package__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__stderr__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__stdin__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__stdout__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_clear_type_cache&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_current_frames&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_debugmallocstats&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_getframe&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_mercurial&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_xoptions&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;abiflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;api_version&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;argv&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;base_exec_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;base_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;builtin_module_names&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;byteorder&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;call_tracing&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;callstats&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;copyright&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;displayhook&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dont_write_bytecode&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;exc_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;excepthook&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;exec_prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;executable&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;exit&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;flags&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;float_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;float_repr_style&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getcheckinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getdefaultencoding&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getdlopenflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getfilesystemencoding&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getobjects&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getprofile&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getrecursionlimit&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getrefcount&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getsizeof&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;getswitchinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;gettotalrefcount&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;gettrace&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hash_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;hexversion&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;implementation&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;int_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;intern&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;maxsize&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;maxunicode&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;meta_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;modules&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;path_hooks&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;path_importer_cache&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;platform&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;prefix&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ps1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setcheckinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setdlopenflags&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setprofile&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setrecursionlimit&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;setswitchinterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;settrace&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;stderr&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;stdin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;stdout&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;thread_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;version&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;version_info&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;warnoptions&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="注意点" tabindex="-1">注意点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注意点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注意点&quot;">​</a></h3><p>自定义模块名不要和系统中要使用的模块名字一样</p><blockquote><p>模块搜索顺序-&gt;当前目录-&gt;系统目录(sys.path)-&gt; 程序报错</p></blockquote><h2 id="包" tabindex="-1">包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;包&quot;">​</a></h2><p>包是一种管理 Python 模块命名空间的形式，采用&quot;点模块名称&quot;。</p><p>比如一个模块的名称是 A.B， 那么他表示一个包 A中的子模块 B 。采用点模块名称这种形式也不用担心不同库之间的模块重名的情况</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">sound/                          顶层包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      __init__.py               初始化 sound 包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      formats/                  文件格式转换子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              wavread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              wavwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              aiffread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              aiffwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              auread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              auwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      effects/                  声音效果子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              echo.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              surround.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              reverse.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">      filters/                  filters 子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              equalizer.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              vocoder.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              karaoke.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">              ...</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">sound/                          顶层包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      __init__.py               初始化 sound 包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      formats/                  文件格式转换子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              wavread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              wavwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              aiffread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              aiffwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              auread.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              auwrite.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      effects/                  声音效果子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              echo.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              surround.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              reverse.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              ...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">      filters/                  filters 子包</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              __init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              equalizer.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              vocoder.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              karaoke.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">              ...</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在导入一个包的时候，Python 会根据 sys.path 中的目录来寻找这个包中包含的子目录。</p><p>目录只有包含一个叫做<code> __init__.py</code> 的文件才会被认作是一个包，主要是为了避免一些滥俗的名字（比如叫做 string）不小心的影响搜索路径中的有效模块。</p><p>最简单的情况，放一个空的 :file:<code>__init__.py</code>就可以了。当然这个文件中也可以包含一些初始化代码或者为（将在后面介绍的） <code>__all__</code>变量赋值。</p><p>用户可以每次只导入一个包里面的特定模块，比如:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">import sound.effects.echo</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">import sound.effects.echo</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这将会导入子模块:sound.effects.echo。 他必须使用全名去访问:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">sound.effects.echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">sound.effects.echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>还有一种导入子模块的方法是:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">from sound.effects import echo</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">from sound.effects import echo</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这同样会导入子模块: echo，并且他不需要那些冗长的前缀，所以他可以这样使用:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>还有一种变化就是直接导入一个函数或者变量:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">from sound.effects.echo import echofilter</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">from sound.effects.echo import echofilter</span></span></code></pre></div><p>同样的，这种方法会导入子模块: echo，并且可以直接使用他的 echofilter() 函数:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>注意当使用 <strong>from package import item</strong> 这种形式的时候，对应的 item 既可以是包里面的子模块（子包），或者包里面定义的其他名称，比如函数，类或者变量。</p><p>import 语法会首先把 item 当作一个包定义的名称，如果没找到，再试图按照一个模块去导入。如果还没找到，抛出一个 <strong>:exc:ImportError</strong> 异常。</p><p>反之，如果使用形如 <strong>import item.subitem.subsubitem</strong> 这种导入形式，除了最后一项，都必须是包，而最后一项则可以是模块或者是包，但是不可以是类，函数或者变量的名字。</p><h3 id="从一个包中导入" tabindex="-1">从一个包中导入* <a class="header-anchor" href="#从一个包中导入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;从一个包中导入*&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>from sound.effects import *</strong> : Python 会进入文件系统，找到这个包里面所有的子模块，然后一个一个的把它们都导入进来。</p><p>导入语句遵循如下规则：如果包定义文件 <code>__init__.py </code>存在一个叫做 <strong><strong>all</strong></strong> 的列表变量，那么在使用 <strong>from package import *</strong> 的时候就把这个列表中的所有名字作为包内容导入。</p><p>以下实例在 file:sounds/effects/_<em>init</em>_.py 中包含如下代码:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">__all__ = [&quot;echo&quot;, &quot;surround&quot;, &quot;reverse&quot;]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">__all__ = [&quot;echo&quot;, &quot;surround&quot;, &quot;reverse&quot;]</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这表示当你使用from sound.effects import *这种用法时，你只会导入包里面这三个子模块。</p><p>如果<code> __all__</code> 真的没有定义，那么使用**from sound.effects import ***这种语法的时候，就不会导入包 sound.effects 里的任何子模块。他只是把包sound.effects和它里面定义的所有内容导入进来（可能运行<code>__init__.py</code>里定义的初始化代码）。</p><p>这会把<code>__init__.py</code>里面定义的所有名字导入进来。并且他不会破坏掉我们在这句话之前导入的所有明确指定的模块。看下这部分代码:</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">import sound.effects.echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">import sound.effects.surround</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">from sound.effects import *</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">import sound.effects.echo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">import sound.effects.surround</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">from sound.effects import *</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个例子中，在执行 from...import 前，包 sound.effects 中的 echo 和 surround 模块都被导入到当前的命名空间中了。（当然如果定义了 <code>__all__ </code>就更没问题了）</p><h2 id="文件操作" tabindex="-1">文件操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文件操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文件操作&quot;">​</a></h2><p>python的io操作相比java的IO流简单太多了,直接就是一个open()函数</p><h3 id="open-方法" tabindex="-1">open() 方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#open-方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;open() 方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Python open() 方法用于打开一个文件，并返回文件对象，在对文件进行处理过程都需要使用到这个函数，如果该文件无法被打开，会抛出 OSError。</p><p>**注意：**使用 open() 方法一定要保证关闭文件对象，即调用 close() 方法。</p><p>open() 函数常用形式是接收两个参数：文件名(file)和模式(mode)。</p><p>完整的语法格式为：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">mode</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;r&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">buffering</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">errors</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">newline</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">closefd</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">opener</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">file</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">mode</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;r&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">buffering</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">errors</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">newline</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">closefd</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">opener</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>参数说明:</p><ul><li>file: 必需，文件路径（相对或者绝对路径）。</li><li>mode: 可选，文件打开模式</li><li>buffering: 设置缓冲</li><li>encoding: 一般使用utf8</li><li>errors: 报错级别</li><li>newline: 区分换行符</li><li>closefd: 传入的file参数类型</li><li>opener: 设置自定义开启器，开启器的返回值必须是一个打开的文件描述符。</li></ul><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">模式</th><th style="text-align:left;">描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;">t</td><td style="text-align:left;">文本模式 (默认)。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">x</td><td style="text-align:left;">写模式，新建一个文件，如果该文件已存在则会报错。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">b</td><td style="text-align:left;">二进制模式。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">+</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件进行更新(可读可写)。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">r</td><td style="text-align:left;">以只读方式打开文件。文件的指针将会放在文件的开头。这是默认模式。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">rb</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件用于只读。文件指针将会放在文件的开头。这是默认模式。一般用于非文本文件如图片等。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">r+</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件用于读写。文件指针将会放在文件的开头。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">rb+</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件用于读写。文件指针将会放在文件的开头。一般用于非文本文件如图片等。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">w</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件只用于写入。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">wb</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件只用于写入。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。一般用于非文本文件如图片等。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">w+</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件用于读写。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">wb+</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件用于读写。如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。一般用于非文本文件如图片等。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">a</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件用于追加。如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。也就是说，新的内容将会被写入到已有内容之后。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件进行写入。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">ab</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件用于追加。如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。也就是说，新的内容将会被写入到已有内容之后。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件进行写入。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">a+</td><td style="text-align:left;">打开一个文件用于读写。如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。文件打开时会是追加模式。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件用于读写。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">ab+</td><td style="text-align:left;">以二进制格式打开一个文件用于追加。如果该文件已存在，文件指针将会放在文件的结尾。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件用于读写。</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="file-对象" tabindex="-1">file 对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#file-对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;file 对象&quot;">​</a></h3><p>file 对象使用 open 函数来创建，下表列出了 file 对象常用的函数：</p><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:left;">方法及描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-close.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.close()</a>关闭文件。关闭后文件不能再进行读写操作。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-flush.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.flush()</a>刷新文件内部缓冲，直接把内部缓冲区的数据立刻写入文件, 而不是被动的等待输出缓冲区写入。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-fileno.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.fileno()</a>返回一个整型的文件描述符(file descriptor FD 整型), 可以用在如os模块的read方法等一些底层操作上。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-isatty.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.isatty()</a>如果文件连接到一个终端设备返回 True，否则返回 False。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">[file.read(<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-read.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">size])</a>从文件读取指定的字节数，如果未给定或为负则读取所有。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">[file.readline(<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-readline.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">size])</a>读取整行，包括 &quot;\n&quot; 字符。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">[file.readlines(<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-readlines.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">sizeint])</a>读取所有行并返回列表，若给定sizeint&gt;0，返回总和大约为sizeint字节的行, 实际读取值可能比 sizeint 较大, 因为需要填充缓冲区。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">[file.seek(offset<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-seek.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">, whence])</a>移动文件读取指针到指定位置</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-tell.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.tell()</a>返回文件当前位置。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;">[file.truncate(<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-truncate.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">size])</a>从文件的首行首字符开始截断，截断文件为 size 个字符，无 size 表示从当前位置截断；截断之后后面的所有字符被删除，其中 windows 系统下的换行代表2个字符大小。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-write.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.write(str)</a>将字符串写入文件，返回的是写入的字符长度。</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-file-writelines.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">file.writelines(sequence)</a>向文件写入一个序列字符串列表，如果需要换行则要自己加入每行的换行符。</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="文件和文件夹操作" tabindex="-1">文件和文件夹操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#文件和文件夹操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;文件和文件夹操作&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#导入os模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#修改文件名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.rename(原文件名,新文件名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.remove(文件名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#创建文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.mkdir(名称)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#获取当前目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.getcwd()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#改变默认目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.chdir(路径)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#获取目录列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.listdir(路径)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">os.rmdir(路径)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#导入os模块</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#修改文件名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.rename(原文件名,新文件名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.remove(文件名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#创建文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.mkdir(名称)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#获取当前目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.getcwd()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#改变默认目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.chdir(路径)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#获取目录列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.listdir(路径)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#删除文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">os.rmdir(路径)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="面向对象" tabindex="-1">面向对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#面向对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;面向对象&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="类" tabindex="-1">类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="类的定义语法" tabindex="-1">类的定义语法: <a class="header-anchor" href="#类的定义语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类的定义语法:&quot;">​</a></h4><p><strong>类名遵循大驼峰规则</strong></p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">新式类:直接或间接继承object,py3中所有类都是object的子类(same as java)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Demo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">旧式类:已过时</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Demo1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Demo2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">新式类:直接或间接继承object,py3中所有类都是object的子类(same as java)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Demo</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">旧式类:已过时</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Demo1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Demo2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="类中定义方法" tabindex="-1">类中定义方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类中定义方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类中定义方法&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">eat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;吃&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">eat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;吃&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="对象" tabindex="-1">对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对象&quot;">​</a></h3><p>创建对象语法:</p><div class="language-Python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">Python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">eat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;吃&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Dog()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog1.eat()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">吃</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">eat</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;吃&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Dog()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog1.eat()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">吃</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="类外部添加和获取属性" tabindex="-1">类外部添加和获取属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类外部添加和获取属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类外部添加和获取属性&quot;">​</a></h3><p>给对象添加属性:<code>对象.属性名 = 属性值</code></p><p>获取对象的属性<code>变量 = 对象.属性名</code></p><p>修改:和添加一样,添加存在的属性就是修改</p><h4 id="魔法方法" tabindex="-1">魔法方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#魔法方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;魔法方法&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">python的类中,有一类方法,以</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">两个下划线开头</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">和</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">两个下划线结尾</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">,并在满足</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">某个特定条件下会自动调用</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">,这类方法,称为</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">魔法方法</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">`</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">magic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">method</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">python的类中,有一类方法,以</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">两个下划线开头</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">和</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">两个下划线结尾</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">,并在满足</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">某个特定条件下会自动调用</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">,这类方法,称为</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">魔法方法</span><span style="color:#032F62;">`</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">magic</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">method</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>__init__</code></p><p>在创建对象之后自动调用</p><p>作用:</p><ul><li>给对象添加属性,给对象属性一个初始值(构造方法)</li><li>代码的业务需求,每创建一个对象,都需要执行的代码可以放在init方法中</li></ul><p>注意点:</p><ul><li>如果<code>__init__</code>方法出现了self之外的形参,在创建对象的时候,需要给额外的形参传值<code>类名(实参)</code> 这个类似java中的构造方法的有参构造</li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self,name):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;init方法执行了&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Dog(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(dog.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">init方法执行了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">大黄</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self,name):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;init方法执行了&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Dog(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(dog.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">init方法执行了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">大黄</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>__str__</code></p><p>类似java的<code>toString</code>:</p><ul><li>在print(对象)时会自动调用<code>__str__</code>方法,打印的结果是<code>__str__</code>方法的返回值</li><li><code>str(对象)</code>将自定义类型转换为字符串的时候,会自动调用</li><li>没有自定义<code>__str__</code>方法时,这个返回值是对象的地址</li></ul><p>注意点:</p><ul><li>方法必须返回一个字符串,只有self一个参数</li></ul><p><code>__del__</code></p><p>对象在内存当中被销毁的时候调用:</p><ol><li>程序代码结束,程序运行过程中创建的对象和变量都会被删除</li><li>使用<code>del 变量</code>语句删除,将这个对象的引用计数变为0,会自动调用</li></ol><p>引用计数:python内存管理的机制,指一块内存有多少变量在引用</p><ul><li>当一个变量引用一块内存时,引用计数+1</li><li>删除一个变量或者这个变量不再引用这块内存,引用计数-1</li><li>当内存的引用计数变为0,这块内存被删除,数据被销毁</li></ul><h5 id="补充" tabindex="-1">补充: <a class="header-anchor" href="#补充" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;补充:&quot;">​</a></h5><p>Java中JVM为了避免对象间存在循环依赖导致对象无法被回收,JVM的垃圾回收算法采用的是<code>可达性分析算法</code>,通过gc roots对象作为起始点,从这些节点开始向下搜索，搜索所走过的路径称为引用链（Reference Chain），当一个对象到gc roots没有任何引用链相连时，则证明此对象是不可用的</p><h3 id="类内部添加和获取属性" tabindex="-1">类内部添加和获取属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类内部添加和获取属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类内部添加和获取属性&quot;">​</a></h3><p>通过self操作:</p><p>self指的是当前实例(类似java中的this),作为类中方法的第一个形参,在通过对象调用方法的时候,不需要手动传参</p><p>python解释器会自动把调用方法的对象传递给self形参</p><p>self也可以改成其他的形参名,但一般不修改这个名字,默认为self</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">play</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self): </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">在玩耍&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Dog()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog.play()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">大黄在玩耍</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">play</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self): </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">在玩耍&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Dog()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog.play()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">大黄在玩耍</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="继承" tabindex="-1">继承 <a class="header-anchor" href="#继承" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;继承&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="python中继承的语法" tabindex="-1">python中继承的语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python中继承的语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python中继承的语法&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>单继承</li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Animal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Animal</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Animal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Animal</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>多继承:python中允许多继承,java中是没有多继承的</li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">马</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">驴</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">骡子</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">马</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">驴</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">马</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">驴</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">骡子</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">马</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">驴</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span></code></pre></div><p>​ <strong>需要注意</strong>:</p><p>多继承中圆括号中父类的顺序，若是父类中有相同的方法名，而在子类使用时未指定，python从左至右搜索 即方法在子类中未找到时，从左到右查找父类中是否包含方法。</p><h4 id="子类重写父类方法" tabindex="-1">子类重写父类方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#子类重写父类方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;子类重写父类方法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>和java一样,子类重写父类中的同名方法,通过子类独对象调用方法时调用的是子类自己的方法</p><h4 id="子类调用父类方法" tabindex="-1">子类调用父类方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#子类调用父类方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;子类调用父类方法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>java中调用父类就用super,python有以下几种方式</p><ul><li><p>父类名.方法名(self,其他参数)</p></li><li><p>super(类A,self).方法名(参数),会调用类A的父类中的方法</p></li><li><p>super().方法名(参数)=&gt;super(当前类,self).方法名(参数) 是第二中的简写,调用当前类的父类</p></li></ul><h4 id="继承中的init方法" tabindex="-1">继承中的init方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#继承中的init方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;继承中的init方法&quot;">​</a></h4><p>子类重写父类的init方法:在子类的init方法需要调用父类的init方法(和java也一样),给对象添加从父类继承的属性</p><p>注意:子类init方法的形参,一般先写父类的形参,再写自己独有的形参</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self,name):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;名字为</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,年龄为</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyDog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Dog</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self,name,color):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.color </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> color</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;名字为</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,年龄为</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,颜色为</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.color</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">dog </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyDog(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;黄色&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(dog)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">名字为大黄,年龄为1,颜色为黄色</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self,name):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;名字为</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,年龄为</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyDog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Dog</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self,name,color):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.color </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> color</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;名字为</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,年龄为</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,颜色为</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.color</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">dog </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyDog(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;大黄&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;黄色&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(dog)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#res</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">名字为大黄,年龄为1,颜色为黄色</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="封装" tabindex="-1">封装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#封装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;封装&quot;">​</a></h3><p>封装的意义:</p><ul><li>将属性和方法放在一起作为一个整体,通过实例化对象来进行操作</li><li>隐藏内部实现</li><li>对类的属性和方法增加访问权限控制</li></ul><h3 id="私有权限" tabindex="-1">私有权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#私有权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;私有权限&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python没有java中的权限修饰符public/private之类的,私有的属性或者方法都由两个下划线开头</p><ul><li><p>普通的属性前面加两个下划线就是私有属性</p></li><li><p>方法名前面加两个下划线就是私有方法</p></li></ul><p>和java一样私有属性不能被继承,私有方法不能在类外部访问,可以提供共有方法访问私有属性或私有方法</p><h3 id="类属性" tabindex="-1">类属性 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类属性" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类属性&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类似java中的静态变量</p><p>访问:类名.类属性</p><p>修改:类名.类属性 = 属性值</p><h3 id="类方法" tabindex="-1">类方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类方法:使用@classmethod装饰的方法称为类方法,第一个参数是cls,代表类对象自己</p><p>注意:</p><ol><li>如果在方法中使用了实例属性,那么该方法必须是实例方法,不能为类方法</li></ol><p>何时定义类方法:</p><ul><li>不需要使用实例属性,需要使用类属性</li></ul><p>调用:</p><ul><li>对象.类方法</li><li>类名.类方法</li></ul><h3 id="静态方法" tabindex="-1">静态方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#静态方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;静态方法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用@staticmethod装饰的方法称为静态方法,对参数没有特殊要求,可以有,可以没有</p><p>何时定义:</p><ul><li>不需要使用实例属性,也不需要使用类属性,可以定义方法为静态方法</li></ul><p>调用:</p><ul><li>对象.静态方法</li><li>类名.静态方法</li></ul><h3 id="多态" tabindex="-1">多态 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多态" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多态&quot;">​</a></h3><p>由于python不需要声明变量类型,因此多态体现的不是那么直观,思想和java一样,可以使用父类的地方,也可以使用子类,<strong>使用多态的意义在于提高应用的扩展性</strong></p><h2 id="异常" tabindex="-1">异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异常&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="组成" tabindex="-1">组成: <a class="header-anchor" href="#组成" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;组成:&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>异常的类型</li><li>异常的描述</li></ul><h3 id="捕获单个异常" tabindex="-1">捕获单个异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#捕获单个异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;捕获单个异常&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 异常名:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement2</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 异常名:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement2</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="捕获多个异常" tabindex="-1">捕获多个异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#捕获多个异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;捕获多个异常&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (异常1,异常2,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 异常1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 异常2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement3</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (异常1,异常2,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 异常1:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 异常2:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement3</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="打印异常信息" tabindex="-1">打印异常信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#打印异常信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;打印异常信息&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (异常1,异常2,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 变量名:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(变量名)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (异常1,异常2,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 变量名:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(变量名)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="捕获所有异常" tabindex="-1">捕获所有异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#捕获所有异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;捕获所有异常&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#缺点 不能获取异常信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 变量名: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(变量名)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#缺点 不能获取异常信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 变量名: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(变量名)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="异常的完整结构" tabindex="-1">异常的完整结构 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异常的完整结构" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异常的完整结构&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    代码没有发生异常会执行的代码块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    不管有没有异常都会执行的代码块</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    statement1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(e)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    代码没有发生异常会执行的代码块</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    不管有没有异常都会执行的代码块</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="抛出自定义异常" tabindex="-1">抛出自定义异常 <a class="header-anchor" href="#抛出自定义异常" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;抛出自定义异常&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">raise</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 异常对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">异常对象 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 异常类(参数)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">抛出自定义异常:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">自定义异常类,继承Exception或者BaseException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">选择性定义__init__方法,__str__方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3.</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">抛出</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">raise</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 异常对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">异常对象 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 异常类(参数)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">抛出自定义异常:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">自定义异常类,继承Exception或者BaseException</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">选择性定义__init__方法,__str__方法</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3.</span><span style="color:#24292E;">抛出</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/base/python基础语法.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/base/python%E5%B9%B6%E5%8F%91%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>python并发编程</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b 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data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f 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tabindex="-1">python并发编程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python并发编程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python并发编程&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="python对并发编程的支持" tabindex="-1">python对并发编程的支持 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python对并发编程的支持" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python对并发编程的支持&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>多线程：threading，利用CPU运算和IO可以同时执行，让CPU不会干巴巴等待IO完成</p></li><li><p>多进程：multiprocessing，利用多核CPU的能力，真正的并行执行任务</p></li><li><p>异步IO：asyncio，在单线程中利用CPU和IO同时执行的原理，实现函数异步执行</p></li><li><p>使用Lock对资源加锁，防止冲突访问</p></li><li><p>使用Queue实现不同线程、进程之间的数据通信，实现生产者消费者模式</p></li><li><p>使用线程池Pool、进程池Pool，简化线程、进程任务的提交、等待结束、获取结果</p></li><li><p>使用subprocess启动外部程序的进程，并进行输出交互</p></li></ul><h2 id="如何选择多线程-多进程-多协程" tabindex="-1">如何选择多线程/多进程/多协程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#如何选择多线程-多进程-多协程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;如何选择多线程/多进程/多协程&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="什么是cpu密集型、io密集型" tabindex="-1">什么是CPU密集型、IO密集型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#什么是cpu密集型、io密集型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;什么是CPU密集型、IO密集型&quot;">​</a></h3><p>CPU密集型计算：也叫计算密集型，指I/O很短时间内就完成，CPU需要大量计算和处理，特点是CPU占用率很高，例如解压缩，加密解密，正则匹配等。</p><p>I/O密集型计算：硬盘、内存、网络的读写操作，例如文件处理、网络爬虫、读写数据库等。</p><h3 id="对比" tabindex="-1">对比 <a class="header-anchor" href="#对比" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;对比&quot;">​</a></h3><p>多进程Process（multiprocessing）：</p><ul><li>优点：可以利用多核CPU进行并行运算</li><li>缺点：占用资源多，可启动数目少</li><li>适用于：计算密集型任务，例如解压缩、加解密。。</li></ul><p>多线程Thread（threading）：</p><ul><li><p>一个进程中可以启动多个线程</p></li><li><p>相比进程更轻量级，占用资源更少。但只能单CPU并发执行，不能利用多CPU（GIL，全局解释器锁）</p></li><li><p>相比协程，线程启动数目有限制，占用内存资源，有线程切换的开销</p></li><li><p>适用于：IO密集型任务，同时运行的任务数目要求不高</p></li></ul><p>多协程Coroutine（asyncio）：</p><ul><li><p>一个线程中可以启动多个协程</p></li><li><p>优点：内存开销最小，启动数量最多</p></li><li><p>缺点：支持的库有限（aiohttp vs requests），代码实现较为复杂</p></li><li><p>适用于：I/O密集型任务，需要超多任务运行且有现有库支持的场景</p></li></ul><h2 id="多线程" tabindex="-1">多线程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多线程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多线程&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="多线程的两种实现方式" tabindex="-1">多线程的两种实现方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多线程的两种实现方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多线程的两种实现方式&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="通过threading模块的thread类" tabindex="-1">通过threading模块的Thread类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过threading模块的thread类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过threading模块的Thread类&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.cnblogs.com/#p</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">i</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">craw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(r.text))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">craw, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(urls[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;cost </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">s&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.cnblogs.com/#p</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">i</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">craw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(r.text))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">craw, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(urls[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;cost </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">s&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="通过继承thread类" tabindex="-1">通过继承Thread类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过继承thread类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过继承Thread类&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">threading</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.url, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(r.text))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyThread(urls[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">threading</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.url, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(r.text))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyThread(urls[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="线程同步" tabindex="-1">线程同步 <a class="header-anchor" href="#线程同步" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;线程同步&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="使用-thread-对象的-lock-实现" tabindex="-1">使用 Thread 对象的 Lock 实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用-thread-对象的-lock-实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用 Thread 对象的 Lock 实现&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">threading</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, thread_id, name, counter):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.thread_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> thread_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> counter</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;开启线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取锁.用于线程同步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        my_lock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        print_time(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.counter, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 释放锁</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        my_lock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">print_time</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(thread_name, delay, counter):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> counter:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        time.sleep(delay)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;#</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread_name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.ctime(time.time())</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        counter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my_lock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.Lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threads </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建新线程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyThread(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thread-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyThread(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thread-2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread1.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread2.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加到线程列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threads.append(thread1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threads.append(thread2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threads:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;退出主线程&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">threading</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, thread_id, name, counter):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.thread_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> thread_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> counter</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;开启线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取锁.用于线程同步</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        my_lock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        print_time(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.counter, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 释放锁</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        my_lock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">print_time</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(thread_name, delay, counter):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> counter:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        time.sleep(delay)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;#</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">thread_name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.ctime(time.time())</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        counter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my_lock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.Lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threads </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建新线程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">thread1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyThread(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thread-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">thread2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyThread(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thread-2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">thread1.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">thread2.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加到线程列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threads.append(thread1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threads.append(thread2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threads:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;退出主线程&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>结果:</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:42 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:43 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:44 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:46 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:48 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:50 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">退出主线程</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:42 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:43 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-1: Mon Apr 12 21:54:44 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:46 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:48 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#Thread-2: Mon Apr 12 21:54:50 2021</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">退出主线程</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="lock的使用方式" tabindex="-1">Lock的使用方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#lock的使用方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Lock的使用方式&quot;">​</a></h4><p>1.try-finally模式</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    lock.release()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading </span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">lock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">lock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#do something</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    lock.release()</span></span></code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li>with模式</li></ol><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">lock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lock:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># do something</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">lock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lock:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># do something</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="生产者消费者模型" tabindex="-1">生产者消费者模型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生产者消费者模型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生产者消费者模型&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bs4 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BeautifulSoup</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.cnblogs.com/#p</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">i</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">50</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">craw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(html):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    soup </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> BeautifulSoup(html, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;html.parser&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    links </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> soup.find_all(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">class_</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;post-item-title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [(link.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;href&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), link.get_text()) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> link </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> links]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bs4 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BeautifulSoup</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.cnblogs.com/#p</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">i</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">50</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">craw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(html):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    soup </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> BeautifulSoup(html, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;html.parser&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    links </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> soup.find_all(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">class_</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;post-item-title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [(link.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;href&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), link.get_text()) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> link </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> links]</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> queue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">do_crawl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url_queue: queue.Queue, html_queue: queue.Queue):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url_queue.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        html </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.craw(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        html_queue.put(html)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">do_parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(html_queue: queue.Queue, fout):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        html </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> html_queue.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        results </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.parse(html)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> results:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            fout.write(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url_queue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> queue.Queue()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    html_queue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> queue.Queue()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url_queue.put(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">do_crawl, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url_queue, html_queue), </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crawl-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fout </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;results.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">target</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">do_parse, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">args</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(html_queue, fout), </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;parse-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        t.start()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> queue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">do_crawl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url_queue: queue.Queue, html_queue: queue.Queue):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url_queue.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        html </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.craw(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        html_queue.put(html)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">do_parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(html_queue: queue.Queue, fout):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        html </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> html_queue.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        results </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.parse(html)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> results:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            fout.write(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url_queue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> queue.Queue()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    html_queue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> queue.Queue()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url_queue.put(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">do_crawl, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url_queue, html_queue), </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crawl-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fout </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;results.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.Thread(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">target</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">do_parse, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">args</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(html_queue, fout), </span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;parse-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(i))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        t.start()</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="线程优先级队列实现" tabindex="-1">线程优先级队列实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#线程优先级队列实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;线程优先级队列实现&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> queue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">exitFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">threading</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, thread_id, name, q):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">name</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.threadId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> thread_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.q </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> q</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;开启线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        process_data(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.q)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;退出线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, q):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> exitFlag:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        queueLock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> workQueue.empty():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> q.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> processing </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">data</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threadList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thread-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thread-2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Thread-3&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">queueLock </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threading.Lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">nameList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;ONE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TWO&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;THREE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;FOUR&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;FIVE&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">workQueue </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> queue.Queue(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threads </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">threadId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threadList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    thread </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MyThread(threadId, tname, workQueue)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    thread.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    threads.append(thread)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    threadId </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">queueLock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> nameList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    workQueue.put(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> workQueue.empty():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">exitFlag </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> t </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> threads:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;主线程退出&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> queue</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">exitFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyThread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">threading</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, thread_id, name, q):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">name</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.threadId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> thread_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.q </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> q</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;开启线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        process_data(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.q)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;退出线程: &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, q):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> exitFlag:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        queueLock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> workQueue.empty():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> q.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> processing </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">data</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threadList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thread-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thread-2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Thread-3&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">queueLock </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threading.Lock()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">nameList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;ONE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;TWO&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;THREE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;FOUR&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;FIVE&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">workQueue </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> queue.Queue(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threads </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">threadId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threadList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    thread </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MyThread(threadId, tname, workQueue)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    thread.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    threads.append(thread)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    threadId </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">queueLock.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> nameList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    workQueue.put(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">queueLock.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> workQueue.empty():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">exitFlag </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> t </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> threads:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    t.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;主线程退出&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果:</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread-1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">processing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ONE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread-2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">processing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TWO</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread-3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">processing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">THREE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread-2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">processing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">FOUR</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Thread-1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">processing</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">FIVE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Thread-3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">主线程退出</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">开启线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread-1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">processing</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ONE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread-2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">processing</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TWO</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread-3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">processing</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">THREE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread-2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">processing</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">FOUR</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Thread-1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">processing</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">FIVE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">退出线程:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Thread-3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">主线程退出</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="多线程线程池threadpoolexecutor" tabindex="-1">多线程线程池ThreadPoolExecutor <a class="header-anchor" href="#多线程线程池threadpoolexecutor" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多线程线程池ThreadPoolExecutor&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(times):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(times)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;get data </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> success&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(times))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">thread_pool </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">task1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> thread_pool.submit(get_data, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">task2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> thread_pool.submit(get_data, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">datas </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># submit后直接返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">all_tasks </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [thread_pool.submit(get_data, data) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> datas]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># as_complete底层是生成器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># for future in as_completed(all_tasks):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    res = future.result()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> thread_pool.map(get_data, datas):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;get </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> data &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(data))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(times):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(times)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;get data </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> success&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(times))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">thread_pool </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">task1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> thread_pool.submit(get_data, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">task2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> thread_pool.submit(get_data, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">datas </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># submit后直接返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">all_tasks </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [thread_pool.submit(get_data, data) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> datas]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># as_complete底层是生成器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># for future in as_completed(all_tasks):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    res = future.result()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> thread_pool.map(get_data, datas):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;get </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> data &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(data))</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="threadpoolexecutor提交任务的两种方式" tabindex="-1">ThreadPoolExecutor提交任务的两种方式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#threadpoolexecutor提交任务的两种方式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ThreadPoolExecutor提交任务的两种方式&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>pool.map(func, params):func为处理函数，params为所有待处理的数据，返回值为按顺序返回。<strong>这种方式适合任务数据全部准备好一次提交处理的场景</strong></li><li>future = pool.submit(func,param):func为处理函数，param为待处理的一条数据，返回值为future。<strong>这种方式适合一条条数据提交处理的场景</strong>。处理多个future集合futures时，可以直接遍历，也可以配合<code>as_complete</code>使用，这种方式是按任务完成顺序返回。</li></ul><h2 id="多进程" tabindex="-1">多进程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多进程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多进程&quot;">​</a></h2><p>对于io操作来说，使用多线程</p><p>对于耗cpu的操作，用多进程</p><ul><li>进程的切换代价高于多线程</li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ProcessPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> multiprocessing</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 多进程编程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_html</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(n):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress = multiprocessing.Process(target=get_html, args=(2,))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(progress.pid)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(progress.pid)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(&#39;main progress end&#39;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用进程池</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    pool </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> multiprocessing.Pool(multiprocessing.cpu_count())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># res = pool.apply_async(get_html, args=(3,))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不再接受任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pool.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 等待所有任务完成</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pool.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res.get())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># imap 按顺序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># for res in pool.imap(get_html, [1, 5, 3]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    print(&quot;{} sleep success&quot;.format(res))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># imap_unordered 按完成时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pool.imap_unordered(get_html, [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> sleep success&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(res))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ProcessPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> multiprocessing</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 多进程编程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_html</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(n):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(n)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> n</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress = multiprocessing.Process(target=get_html, args=(2,))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(progress.pid)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress.start()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(progress.pid)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># progress.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(&#39;main progress end&#39;)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用进程池</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    pool </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> multiprocessing.Pool(multiprocessing.cpu_count())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># res = pool.apply_async(get_html, args=(3,))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不再接受任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pool.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 等待所有任务完成</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># pool.join()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res.get())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># imap 按顺序</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># for res in pool.imap(get_html, [1, 5, 3]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#    print(&quot;{} sleep success&quot;.format(res))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># imap_unordered 按完成时间</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pool.imap_unordered(get_html, [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> sleep success&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(res))</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="进程间通信" tabindex="-1">进程间通信 <a class="header-anchor" href="#进程间通信" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;进程间通信&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>使用multiprocessing中的Queue 用法和threading的Queue类似</li><li>全局共享变量不适用与进程间通信（进程间的数据是隔离的）</li><li>multiprocessing中的Queue不能用于进程池pool中的进程通信</li><li>pool中的进程间通信需要使用multiprocessing中的Manager实例化后的queue（Manager().Queue())</li><li>使用Pipe管道实现进程间通信 receive，send = Pipe() 只能适用于两个进程间通信</li><li>Manager().dict()等数据结构进行进程间通信</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220511013302618.png" alt="image-20220511013302618"></p><h2 id="协程" tabindex="-1">协程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#协程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协程&quot;">​</a></h2><p>协程，又称微线程，纤程。英文名Coroutine。是一种用户态的上下文切换技术。协程的作用是在执行函数A时可以随时中断去执行函数B，然后中断函数B继续执行函数A（可以自由切换）。但这一过程并不是函数调用，这一整个过程看似像多线程，然而协程只有一个线程执行。</p><h3 id="协程的优势" tabindex="-1">协程的优势 <a class="header-anchor" href="#协程的优势" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协程的优势&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>效率极高，因为子程序切换不是线程切换，由程序自身控制，没有切换线程的开销，所以与多线程相比，线程的数量越多，协程的性能优势越明显。</li><li>不需要多线程的同步机制，因为只有一个线程，也不存在同时写变量的线程安全问题，在控制共享资源时也不需要加锁，因此执行效率高很多。</li></ul><blockquote><p>协程可以处理IO密集型程序的效率问题，但是CPU密集型不是它的长处，要充分发挥CPU的利用率可以结合多进程+协程</p></blockquote><p>实现协程的方式：</p><ul><li>yield关键字</li><li>asyncio装饰器</li><li>async、await关键字（推荐）</li></ul><h3 id="事件循环" tabindex="-1">事件循环 <a class="header-anchor" href="#事件循环" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;事件循环&quot;">​</a></h3><p>asyncio模块中，每一个进程都有一个事件循环。把一些函数注册到事件循环上，当满足事件发生的时候，调用相应的协程函数</p><blockquote><p>事件循环的作用是管理所有的事件，在整个程序运行过程中不断循环执行，追踪事件发生的顺序将它们放到队列中，当主线程空闲的时候，调用相应的事件处理者处理事件。</p></blockquote><p>伪代码：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">任务列表 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [任务1,任务2,任务3</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> true:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    可执行的任务列表,已完成的任务列表 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 检查所有任务,将可执行的和已完成的任务返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 就绪任务 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 可执行的任务:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        执行就绪任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 已完成的任务 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 已完成的任务:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        剔除已完成的任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    如果任务列表的全部任务都已完成,终止循环</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">任务列表 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [任务1,任务2,任务3</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> true:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    可执行的任务列表,已完成的任务列表 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 检查所有任务,将可执行的和已完成的任务返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 就绪任务 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 可执行的任务:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        执行就绪任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 已完成的任务 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 已完成的任务:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        剔除已完成的任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    如果任务列表的全部任务都已完成,终止循环</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成或获取一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将任务放到任务列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop.run_until_complete(任务)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成或获取一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将任务放到任务列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop.run_until_complete(任务)</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220511014404071.png" alt="image-20220511014404071"></p><h3 id="协程函数" tabindex="-1">协程函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#协程函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协程函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>定义函数时，如果是<code>async def 函数</code>的函数，就是一个协程函数</p><h3 id="协程对象" tabindex="-1">协程对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#协程对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;协程对象&quot;">​</a></h3><p>执行协程函数得到的对象</p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>执行协程函数创建协程对象，函数内部代码不会立即执行</p><p>如果想运行协程函数内部代码，必须将协程对象交给事件循环处理</p></div><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;异步编程&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 得到协程对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> func()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将协程对象交给事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop.run_until_complete(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># asyncio.run(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">异步编程</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;异步编程&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 得到协程对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> func()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 将协程对象交给事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop.run_until_complete(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># asyncio.run(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">异步编程</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如果不把协程对象放入事件循环</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;异步编程&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 得到协程对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> func()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sys:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RuntimeWarning</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: coroutine </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;func&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> was never awaited</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;异步编程&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 生成一个事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 得到协程对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> func()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sys:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RuntimeWarning</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: coroutine </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;func&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> was never awaited</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="异步io" tabindex="-1">异步IO <a class="header-anchor" href="#异步io" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异步IO&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">hello</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Hello World! </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">count</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建task列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tasks </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [loop.create_task(hello(count)) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行事件列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">hello</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Hello World! </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">count</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建task列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tasks </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [loop.create_task(hello(count)) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行事件列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="异步io爬虫" tabindex="-1">异步IO爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#异步io爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;异步IO爬虫&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> aiohttp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> aiohttp.ClientSession() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session.get(url) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.text()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;爬取结束：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tasks </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [loop.create_task(async_craw(url)) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;耗时：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> aiohttp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> aiohttp.ClientSession() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session.get(url) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.text()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;爬取结束：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tasks </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [loop.create_task(async_craw(url)) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;耗时：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="使用信号量控制异步爬虫并发度" tabindex="-1">使用信号量控制异步爬虫并发度 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用信号量控制异步爬虫并发度" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用信号量控制异步爬虫并发度&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sem </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sem:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># work with shared resource</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">----------------------------------</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sem </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sem.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># work with shared resource</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">finally</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    sem.release()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sem </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sem:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># work with shared resource</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">----------------------------------</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sem </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sem.acquire()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># work with shared resource</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">finally</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    sem.release()</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> aiohttp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sem </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sem:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> aiohttp.ClientSession() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session.get(url) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.text()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;爬取结束：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tasks </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [loop.create_task(async_craw(url)) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;耗时：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> aiohttp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sem </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.Semaphore(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sem:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> aiohttp.ClientSession() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session.get(url) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.text()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;爬取结束：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tasks </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [loop.create_task(async_craw(url)) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;耗时：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="python3-7后的新语法" tabindex="-1">python3.7后的新语法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python3-7后的新语法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python3.7后的新语法&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用<code>asyncio.run()</code>代替原来创建事件循环，使用事件循环执行函数的操作</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># async def 定义协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 触发io操作，调用其他协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;爬取完成：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建协程列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tasks </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [async_craw(url) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># asyncio.gather(*task)表示协同执行tasks列表里的所有协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.gather(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tasks)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># async def 定义协程函数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">async_craw</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;开始爬取：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 触发io操作，调用其他协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;爬取完成：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建协程列表</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tasks </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [async_craw(url) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> blog_spider.urls]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># asyncio.gather(*task)表示协同执行tasks列表里的所有协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.gather(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">tasks)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="asyncio-wait和asyncio-gather异同" tabindex="-1">asyncio.wait和asyncio.gather异同 <a class="header-anchor" href="#asyncio-wait和asyncio-gather异同" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;asyncio.wait和asyncio.gather异同&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><strong>相同</strong>：从功能上看，<code>asyncio.wait</code> 和 <code>asyncio.gather</code> 实现的效果是相同的，都是把所有 Task 任务结果收集起来。</li><li><strong>不同</strong>：<code>asyncio.wait</code> 会返回两个值：<code>done</code> 和 <code>pending</code>，<code>done</code> 为已完成的协程 <code>Task</code>，<code>pending</code> 为超时未完成的协程 <code>Task</code>，需通过 <code>future.result</code> 调用 <code>Task</code> 的 <code>result</code>；而<code>asyncio.gather</code> 返回的是所有已完成 <code>Task</code> 的 <code>result</code>，不需要再进行调用或其他操作，就可以得到全部结果。</li></ul><h2 id="await关键字" tabindex="-1">await关键字 <a class="header-anchor" href="#await关键字" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;await关键字&quot;">​</a></h2><p>await + 可等待的对象（协程对象、Future对象、Task对象 -&gt; io等待）</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;异步编程&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;结束&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(func())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;异步编程&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;结束&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(func())</span></span></code></pre></div><p>示例:</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">others</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;start&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;end&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;执行协程函数内部代码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 遇到IO操作挂起当前协程,等到IO完成后继续运行,当前协程挂起时,事件循环可以执行其他协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> others()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;IO的结果是:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">response</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">执行协程函数内部代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">end</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">IO的结果是:返回值</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">others</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;start&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;end&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;执行协程函数内部代码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 遇到IO操作挂起当前协程,等到IO完成后继续运行,当前协程挂起时,事件循环可以执行其他协程</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> others()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;IO的结果是:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">response</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">执行协程函数内部代码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">end</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">IO的结果是:返回值</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="task对象" tabindex="-1">Task对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#task对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Task对象&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Tasks用于并发调度协程，是对协程对象的一种封装，其中包含了任务的各个状态。通过<code>asyncio.create_task()</code>函数创建Task对象，这样可以让协程加入事件循环中等待调度执行。还可以使用低层级的<code>loop.create_task()</code>或<code>asyncio.ensure_future()</code>函数。不建议手动实例化Task对象。</p><p>示例1：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;main函数开始&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建task对象,将当前执行func函数的任务添加到事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    task1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    task2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;main函数结束&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 当执行某协程遇到IO操作,会自动切换执行其他任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    res1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> task1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    res2 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> task2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res1, res2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">main函数开始</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">main函数结束</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">返回值 返回值</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;main函数开始&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建task对象,将当前执行func函数的任务添加到事件循环</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    task1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    task2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;main函数结束&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 当执行某协程遇到IO操作,会自动切换执行其他任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    res1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> task1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    res2 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> task2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res1, res2)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">main函数开始</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">main函数结束</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">返回值 返回值</span></span></code></pre></div><p>示例2：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;main函数开始&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    task_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       asyncio.create_task(func()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;main函数结束&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    done,pending </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.wait(task_list,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">timeout</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(done)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;返回值&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;main函数开始&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    task_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       asyncio.create_task(func()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       asyncio.create_task(func())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;main函数结束&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    done,pending </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.wait(task_list,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">timeout</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(done)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="asyncio-future对象" tabindex="-1">asyncio.Future对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#asyncio-future对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;asyncio.Future对象&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Task继承了Future,Task对象内部await的结果的处理基于Future对象</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">async</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">main</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    loop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> asyncio.get_running_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    _future </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> loop.create_future()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">await</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _future</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">async</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    loop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> asyncio.get_running_loop()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    _future </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> loop.create_future()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">await</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _future</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">asyncio.run(main())</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="concurrent-futures-future对象" tabindex="-1">concurrent.futures.Future对象 <a class="header-anchor" href="#concurrent-futures-future对象" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;concurrent.futures.Future对象&quot;">​</a></h2><p>使用线程池/进程池实现异步操作时用到的对象</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Future</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> concurrent.futures.thread </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pool </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutory(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	fut </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pool.submit(func,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(fut)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Future</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> concurrent.futures.thread </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(value)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">123</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">pool </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutory(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	fut </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pool.submit(func,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(fut)</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/base/python并发编程.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/base/python%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>python基础语法</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/base/%E8%A3%85%E9%A5%B0%E5%99%A8%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>装饰器深入</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>requests模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>验证码识别和模拟登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div 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href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" 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href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_base_%E8%A3%85%E9%A5%B0%E5%99%A8%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="装饰器深入" tabindex="-1">装饰器深入 <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器深入" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器深入&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="闭包" tabindex="-1">闭包 <a class="header-anchor" href="#闭包" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;闭包&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="闭包的定义" tabindex="-1">闭包的定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#闭包的定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;闭包的定义&quot;">​</a></h3><p>如果在一个外部函数中定义一个内部函数，内部函数对外部作用域（但不是在全局作用域）的变量进行引用，外部函数的返回值是内部函数，这样的函数就被认为是闭包(closure)。</p><h3 id="形成闭包的条件" tabindex="-1">形成闭包的条件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#形成闭包的条件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;形成闭包的条件&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>必须有内部函数</li><li>内部函数必须引用外部函数的变量</li><li>外部函数返回值必须是内部函数</li></ul><h2 id="装饰器" tabindex="-1">装饰器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器&quot;">​</a></h2><p>python装饰器实质上也是一个闭包函数，目的是在不改变原函数的情况下实现对原函数功能的增强。（类似Spring中的AOP）</p><h3 id="装饰器的条件" tabindex="-1">装饰器的条件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器的条件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器的条件&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>不修改已有函数代码</li><li>不修改已有函数的调用方式</li><li>给已有函数增加额外功能</li></ul><h3 id="装饰器语法糖" tabindex="-1">装饰器语法糖 <a class="header-anchor" href="#装饰器语法糖" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;装饰器语法糖&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>@装饰器函数名</code></p><p><code>@装饰器类名</code></p><p><code>@装饰器函数名(param)</code></p><p><code>@装饰器类名(param)</code></p><h2 id="函数的函数装饰器-函数作为函数的装饰器" tabindex="-1">函数的函数装饰器（函数作为函数的装饰器） <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数的函数装饰器-函数作为函数的装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数的函数装饰器（函数作为函数的装饰器）&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="不带参数的装饰器函数" tabindex="-1">不带参数的装饰器函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不带参数的装饰器函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不带参数的装饰器函数&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p>这里的不带参数是指<code>@装饰器</code>后没有<code>(参数)</code>而非装饰器函数没有参数</p></blockquote><p>例如下面的<code>record</code>函数就是一个简单装饰器，作用是记录被装饰函数的执行耗时</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不带参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start</span><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1.0049748420715332</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@record</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 不带参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span><span style="color:#24292E;">start</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1.0049748420715332</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="本质" tabindex="-1">本质 <a class="header-anchor" href="#本质" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;本质&quot;">​</a></h3><p>在上述不带参数的装饰器函数例子中，14行<code>@record</code>实质上等于<code>test = record(test)</code>,最终调用<code>test(&#39;tom&#39;,18)</code>的伪代码：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># func(*args, **kwargs) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -&gt; 原始的test(&#39;tom&#39;,18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -&gt; 原始的test(&#39;tom&#39;,18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># func(*args, **kwargs) </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -&gt; 原始的test(&#39;tom&#39;,18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># -&gt; 原始的test(&#39;tom&#39;,18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="带参数的装饰器函数" tabindex="-1">带参数的装饰器函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#带参数的装饰器函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;带参数的装饰器函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>python中一切皆对象，如果在对象后跟<code>()</code>即是执行调用的意思，例如函数，类，类里的函数，实现了<code>__call__</code>方法的对象都可以被调用，因为这些对象是<code>callable</code>对象。还是刚才的例子，<code>@装饰器(参数)</code>语法，实际上是在不带参数的装饰器函数基础上包了一层，由<code>test = record(test)</code>变成了<code>decorator = record(count); test = decorator(test)</code>。</p><p>例子如下</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start</span><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5.020708799362183</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span><span style="color:#24292E;">start</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5.020708799362183</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="本质-1" tabindex="-1">本质 <a class="header-anchor" href="#本质-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;本质&quot;">​</a></h3><p>带参数的装饰器，实际就是加了一层函数的嵌套，可以把这种装饰器拆成两步分析，第一步执行<code>record(5)</code>返回了函数<code>decorator</code>,<code>@decorator</code>这样就是不带参数的装饰器形式了。</p><h3 id="注意-装饰器返回的是一个全新的函数" tabindex="-1">注意：装饰器返回的是一个全新的函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#注意-装饰器返回的是一个全新的函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注意：装饰器返回的是一个全新的函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>装饰器<strong>返回的是一个全新的函数</strong>，对函数的装饰方法（常写成<code>wrapper</code>）的参数列表为了兼容性可以写为<code>(*args, **kwargs)</code>，但是这个函数的参数实际可以写为任意形式（只要该参数包含被装饰函数的参数列表即可），回归到定义上来说就是<code>不修改已有函数的调用方式</code>即可。网上教程中通常把<code>wrapper</code>的参数写成和被装饰函数一致，很容易让人误以为这两者的参数列表必须保持一致。</p><p>例子：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataclasses </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">User</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    info: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">tuple</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(user):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">user.info)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># test(&#39;tom&#39;, 18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(test.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tom </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> User(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">info</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test(tom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start</span><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5.013930797576904</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataclasses </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">User</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    info: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">tuple</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(user):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">user.info)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># test(&#39;tom&#39;, 18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(test.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tom </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> User(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">info</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test(tom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span><span style="color:#24292E;">start</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5.013930797576904</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到，<code>test</code>函数的name为<code>wrapper</code>，也就是装饰功能的函数的名字，而且这里<code>test函数</code>的参数列表也已经变成了<code>(user)</code>，也就是这里实际上<code>test = wrapper(user)</code>。如果使用装饰器后，想保留原函数的名称，可以使用<code>@functools.wraps</code>来装饰<code>wrapper函数</code>。</p><p>例子：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> functools</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataclasses </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">User</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    info: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">tuple</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">decorator</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">@functools.wraps</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(func)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(user):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">user.info)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@record</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">test</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">age</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># test(&#39;tom&#39;, 18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(test.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tom </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> User(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">info</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test(tom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">start</span><span style="color:#F97583;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">my name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5.015993118286133</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#F97583;">===</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> functools</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataclasses </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@dataclass</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">User</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    info: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">tuple</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">decorator</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@functools.wraps</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(func)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(user):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;====start====&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">user.info)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds===&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> decorator</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@record</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">test</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name, age):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;my name is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">age</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> years old&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># test(&#39;tom&#39;, 18)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(test.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tom </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> User(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">info</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test(tom)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span><span style="color:#24292E;">start</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">====</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">my name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tom, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> years old</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span><span style="color:#24292E;">end cost : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5.015993118286133</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> seconds</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">===</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以看到，在对<code>test</code>进行了装饰后,返回的新的函数名称还是保持为<code>test</code></p><h2 id="函数的类装饰器-类作为函数的装饰器" tabindex="-1">函数的类装饰器（类作为函数的装饰器） <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数的类装饰器-类作为函数的装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数的类装饰器（类作为函数的装饰器）&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="不带参数的装饰器类" tabindex="-1">不带参数的装饰器类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不带参数的装饰器类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不带参数的装饰器类&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类也可以作为装饰器使用，需要实现<code>__init__</code>函数和<code>__call__</code>函数,例子：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Timer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.func </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> func</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__call__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ret </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Time : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ret</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@Timer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 等价于 add = Timer(add)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(add(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Timer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.func </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> func</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__call__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ret </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Time : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ret</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@Timer</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 等价于 add = Timer(add)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(add(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="带参数的装饰器类" tabindex="-1">带参数的装饰器类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#带参数的装饰器类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;带参数的装饰器类&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类似带参数的装饰器函数，带参数的装饰器类需要在<code>__call__</code>函数内部，再包一层</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Timer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, pre_fix):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.pre_fix </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pre_fix</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__call__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            ret </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> func(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args, </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.pre_fix</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ret</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@Timer</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">pre_fix</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;current_time&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(add(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Timer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, pre_fix):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.pre_fix </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pre_fix</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__call__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, func):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wrapper</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time.time()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            ret </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> func(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args, </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">kwargs)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.pre_fix</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time.time() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ret</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wrapper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@Timer</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">pre_fix</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;current_time&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(add(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="类的函数装饰器-函数作为类的装饰器" tabindex="-1">类的函数装饰器（函数作为类的装饰器） <a class="header-anchor" href="#类的函数装饰器-函数作为类的装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类的函数装饰器（函数作为类的装饰器）&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="不带参数" tabindex="-1">不带参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#不带参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;不带参数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>函数也可以装饰类，下面的例子中，<code>add_str</code>是一个参数为<code>class</code>,返回值也是<code>class</code>的函数，装饰了MyObj类，作用是<code>把被装饰类的__str__函数替换为打印self.__dict__</code></p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add_str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cls):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__dict__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@add_str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyObj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(MyObj(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;b&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add_str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cls):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__dict__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@add_str</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyObj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(MyObj(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;b&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="带参数" tabindex="-1">带参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#带参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;带参数&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">add_str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(time):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">_cls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cls):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;调用时间 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> 点 == &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__dict__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__str__</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">@add_str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">time</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;19&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MyObj</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.a </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.b </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(MyObj(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#FDAEB7;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">调用时间 </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">19</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> 点 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;b&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">add_str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(time):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">_cls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cls):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;调用时间 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">time</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> 点 == &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__dict__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__str__</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _cls</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@add_str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">time</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;19&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MyObj</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, a, b):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.a </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.b </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> b</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(MyObj(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B31D28;font-style:italic;">--</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">调用时间 </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">19</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> 点 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;b&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="类作为类的装饰器" tabindex="-1">类作为类的装饰器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#类作为类的装饰器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;类作为类的装饰器&quot;">​</a></h2><p>没什么意义</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/base/装饰器深入.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/base/python%E5%B9%B6%E5%8F%91%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>python并发编程</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>requests模块入门</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>requests模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>验证码识别和模拟登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%A2%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/selenium%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>selenium模块</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>CrawlSpider全站爬取</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Django入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>argparse模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2windows%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>切换windows代理设置开关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_crawler_CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="crawlspider全站爬取" tabindex="-1">CrawlSpider全站爬取 <a class="header-anchor" href="#crawlspider全站爬取" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CrawlSpider全站爬取&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="crawlspider" tabindex="-1">CrawlSpider <a class="header-anchor" href="#crawlspider" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CrawlSpider&quot;">​</a></h2><p>CrawlSpider是Spider的一个子类，具有提取指定规则链接的功能</p><p>CrawlSpider的作用：</p><ul><li>全站爬取 <ul><li>基于Spider手动请求</li><li>基于CrawlSpider</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="项目创建" tabindex="-1">项目创建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#项目创建" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;项目创建&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><code>scrapy startproject crawl_spider</code></li><li><code>cd crawl_spider</code></li><li>创建基于CrawlSpider的爬虫类：<code>scrapy genspider -t crawl storyxc xxx.com</code> 相比普通的增加了<code>-t crawl</code>参数</li></ul><h3 id="链接提取器" tabindex="-1">链接提取器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#链接提取器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;链接提取器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>根据指定规则（allow=‘正则表达式“）提取符合要求的所有url</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">link </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">allow</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">id=1&amp;page=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">link </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">allow</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id=1&amp;page=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="规则解析器" tabindex="-1">规则解析器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#规则解析器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;规则解析器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>将链接提取器提取到的链接进行指定规则（callback）的解析</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">rules </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    Rule(link, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;parse_item&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">follow</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">rules </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    Rule(link, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;parse_item&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">follow</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>follow参数的作用： <ul><li>True：可以将链接提取器继续作用到链接提取器提取到的链接（递归）</li><li>False：只提取起始页的数据</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="案例-提取东莞阳光问政平台的问政标题和编号" tabindex="-1">案例：提取东莞阳光问政平台的问政标题和编号 <a class="header-anchor" href="#案例-提取东莞阳光问政平台的问政标题和编号" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;案例：提取东莞阳光问政平台的问政标题和编号&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="爬虫类" tabindex="-1">爬虫类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#爬虫类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;爬虫类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.linkextractors </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkExtractor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.spiders </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CrawlSpider, Rule</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> crawl_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CrawlSpiderItem,DetailItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CrawlSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://wz.sun0769.com/political/index/politicsNewest&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 链接提取器,符合正则表达式的链接都会被提取</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    link </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">allow</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">id=1&amp;page=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    detail_link </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">allow</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">political</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">politics</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\/</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">index</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\?</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">id=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\d</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    rules </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Rule(link, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;parse_item&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">follow</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        Rule(detail_link, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;parse_detail&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/ul[2]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            wz_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./span[1]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            wz_title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./span[3]/a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CrawlSpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wz_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> wz_title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/span[4]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;编号：&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/pre/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> DetailItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.linkextractors </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkExtractor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.spiders </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CrawlSpider, Rule</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> crawl_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CrawlSpiderItem,DetailItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CrawlSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://wz.sun0769.com/political/index/politicsNewest&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 链接提取器,符合正则表达式的链接都会被提取</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    link </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">allow</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id=1&amp;page=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    detail_link </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> LinkExtractor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">allow</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\/</span><span style="color:#032F62;">political</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\/</span><span style="color:#032F62;">politics</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\/</span><span style="color:#032F62;">index</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\?</span><span style="color:#032F62;">id=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\d</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    rules </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Rule(link, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;parse_item&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">follow</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        Rule(detail_link, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;parse_detail&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/ul[2]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            wz_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./span[1]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            wz_title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./span[3]/a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CrawlSpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wz_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> wz_title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/span[4]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;编号：&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/pre/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> DetailItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="item类" tabindex="-1">item类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#item类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;item类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your scraped items</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CrawlSpiderItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">DetailItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your scraped items</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CrawlSpiderItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">DetailItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="pipeline类" tabindex="-1">Pipeline类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pipeline类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Pipeline类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark has-diff vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define your item pipelines here</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Don&#39;t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> itemadapter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ItemAdapter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> crawl_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> CrawlSpiderItem, DetailItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">CrawlSpiderPipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__class__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;DetailItem&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    cursor.execute(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;insert into tb_wz_content(id,content) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;插入问政内容失败!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    conn.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    cursor.execute(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;insert into tb_wz_title(id,title) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;插入问政标题失败!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    conn.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light has-diff vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define your item pipelines here</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Don&#39;t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> itemadapter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ItemAdapter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> crawl_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> CrawlSpiderItem, DetailItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">CrawlSpiderPipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__class__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;DetailItem&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    cursor.execute(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;insert into tb_wz_content(id,content) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;插入问政内容失败!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    conn.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    cursor.execute(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;insert into tb_wz_title(id,title) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;num&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;插入问政标题失败!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    conn.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="settings" tabindex="-1">settings <a class="header-anchor" href="#settings" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;settings&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crawl_spider&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crawl_spider.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crawl_spider.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Obey robots.txt rules</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;crawl_spider.pipelines.CrawlSpiderPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crawl_spider&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crawl_spider.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crawl_spider.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Obey robots.txt rules</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;crawl_spider.pipelines.CrawlSpiderPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>启动爬虫：</p><p>数据库会新增数据</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210502012334780.png" alt="image-20210502012334780"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/crawler/CrawlSpider全站爬取.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>scrapy进阶</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f 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id="python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频" tabindex="-1">python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频 <a class="header-anchor" href="#python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频&quot;">​</a></h1><p>直接上代码</p><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>需要提前下载ffmpeg并配置环境变量，ffmpeg下载地址：<a href="http://www.ffmpeg.org/download.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://www.ffmpeg.org/download.html</a></p></div><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> subprocess</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    requests获取页面源码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">send_request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(b_url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">b_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    正则匹配视频和音频的真实地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_play_info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(data):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    json_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json.loads(re.findall(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&lt;script&gt;window\.__playinfo__=(.*?)&lt;/script&gt;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, data)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_url, audio_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    分别下载视频和音频文件后利用ffmpeg合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">download</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(info_list, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;开始下载: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">info</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">info_list[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">info_list[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    desktop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;~&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Desktop&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> desktop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> info</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> desktop </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_.mp3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果视频名称中有&#39;-&#39; 执行ffmpeg合并的时候会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_path.replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> audio_path.replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(video_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(audio_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(audio_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    cmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ffmpeg -y -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; -c:v copy -c:a aac -strict experimental &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    subprocess.Popen(cmd, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">shell</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># os.system(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;下载完成&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;请输入要下载的b站视频链接:&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> send_request(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析视频的名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re.findall(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&lt;h1 title=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">(.*?)</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> class=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">video-title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, page_data)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    play_info_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> get_play_info(page_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    download(play_info_list, title)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> subprocess</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    requests获取页面源码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">send_request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(b_url):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">b_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    正则匹配视频和音频的真实地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_play_info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(data):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    json_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json.loads(re.findall(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&lt;script&gt;window\.__playinfo__=(.*?)&lt;/script&gt;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, data)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_url, audio_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    分别下载视频和音频文件后利用ffmpeg合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">download</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(info_list, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;开始下载: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">info</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">info_list[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">info_list[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    desktop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;~&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Desktop&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> desktop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> info</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> desktop </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_.mp3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 如果视频名称中有&#39;-&#39; 执行ffmpeg合并的时候会报错</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_path.replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> audio_path.replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(video_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(audio_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(audio_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    cmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ffmpeg -y -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; -c:v copy -c:a aac -strict experimental &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    subprocess.Popen(cmd, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">shell</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># os.system(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;下载完成&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;请输入要下载的b站视频链接:&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> send_request(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析视频的名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re.findall(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&lt;h1 title=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">(.*?)</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> class=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\&quot;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">video-title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, page_data)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    play_info_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> get_play_info(page_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    download(play_info_list, title)</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/crawler/python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/crawler/selenium%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>selenium模块</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>scrapy框架入门</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b 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href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Django入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>argparse模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2windows%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>切换windows代理设置开关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_crawler_requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="requests模块入门" tabindex="-1">requests模块入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#requests模块入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;requests模块入门&quot;">​</a></h1><p>requests模块是python中原生的一款基于网络请求的模块，功能强大，简单便捷，效率极高。</p><p>作用：模拟浏览器发请求</p><ul><li>指定url</li><li>发起请求</li><li>获取响应</li><li>持久化存储</li></ul><h2 id="入门程序" tabindex="-1">入门程序 <a class="header-anchor" href="#入门程序" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;入门程序&quot;">​</a></h2><p>环境安装：pip install requests</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬取搜狗首页的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.sogou.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(url,headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./sogou.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;w&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> fp:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        fp.write(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;爬取结束&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬取搜狗首页的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.sogou.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(url,headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./sogou.html&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;w&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> fp:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        fp.write(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;爬取结束&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p>坑1：ValueError：requests check_hostname requires server_hostname</p><p>坑2：requests.exceptions.SSLError: hostname &#39;127.0.0.1&#39; doesn&#39;t match None of。。</p><p>网上有说降低requests版本的，有安装乱七八糟东西的，最后是降低了urllib3的版本解决的，据说是高版本的urllib有个bug</p><p>pip install urllib3==1.25.8</p></div><h2 id="简易网页采集器" tabindex="-1">简易网页采集器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简易网页采集器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简易网页采集器&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.sogou.com/web&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    keyword </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;enter your keyword: &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># UA伪装</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.114 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    param </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;query&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: keyword</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">params</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">param,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    resp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    file_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> keyword </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(resp)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;保存成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.sogou.com/web&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    keyword </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">input</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;enter your keyword: &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># UA伪装</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.114 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    param </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;query&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: keyword</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">params</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">param,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    resp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    file_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> keyword </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(resp)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;保存成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="百度翻译内容提取" tabindex="-1">百度翻译内容提取 <a class="header-anchor" href="#百度翻译内容提取" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;百度翻译内容提取&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    keyword </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kw&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dog&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">keyword, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    _json </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    file_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> keyword.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kw&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.json&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json.dump(_json,f,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;json存储成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    keyword </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kw&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dog&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">keyword, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    _json </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    file_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> keyword.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kw&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.json&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(file_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json.dump(_json,f,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;json存储成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>结果：</p><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;errno&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;data&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dog&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;n. 狗; 蹩脚货; 丑女人; 卑鄙小人 v. 困扰; 跟踪&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DOG&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;abbr. Data Output Gate 数据输出门&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;doge&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;n. 共和国总督&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;dogm&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;abbr. dogmatic 教条的; 独断的; dogmatism 教条主义; dogmatist&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Dogo&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[地名] [马里、尼日尔、乍得] 多戈; [地名] [韩国] 道高&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;errno&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;data&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dog&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;n. 狗; 蹩脚货; 丑女人; 卑鄙小人 v. 困扰; 跟踪&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;DOG&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;abbr. Data Output Gate 数据输出门&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;doge&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;n. 共和国总督&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;dogm&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;abbr. dogmatic 教条的; 独断的; dogmatism 教条主义; dogmatist&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    },</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Dogo&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[地名] [马里、尼日尔、乍得] 多戈; [地名] [韩国] 道高&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  ]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="豆瓣电影排行榜" tabindex="-1">豆瓣电影排行榜 <a class="header-anchor" href="#豆瓣电影排行榜" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;豆瓣电影排行榜&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    total </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">748</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    limit </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;interval_id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;100:90&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;action&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;start&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: start,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;limit&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: limit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> limit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    res_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> limit </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            start </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">params</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">params, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            res_json </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            res_list.append(res_json)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;douban_movie.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json.dump(res_list, f, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;over&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    total </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">748</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    limit </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;interval_id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;100:90&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;action&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;start&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: start,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;limit&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: limit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> limit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    res_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> limit </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            start </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">20</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">params</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">params, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            res_json </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            res_list.append(res_json)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;douban_movie.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json.dump(res_list, f, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;over&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="国家药品管理局化妆品生产许可信息" tabindex="-1">国家药品管理局化妆品生产许可信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#国家药品管理局化妆品生产许可信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;国家药品管理局化妆品生产许可信息&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表页ajax</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsList&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 详情页ajax</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    detail_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsById&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;on&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pageSize&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">15</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;productName&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;conditionType&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;applyname&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;applysn&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    detail_params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 数据容器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表页响应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">params</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">params, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    res_obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 提取列表信息遍历</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    res_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res_obj.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;list&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># id是详情页请求的参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        detail_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ID&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        detail_params[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> detail_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 详情页响应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        resp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">detail_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">params</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">detail_params, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        res_obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> resp.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 容器保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data_list.append(res_obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 持久化存储</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;make_up_xkz.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json.dump(data_list, f, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;over&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表页ajax</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsList&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 详情页ajax</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    detail_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://scxk.nmpa.gov.cn:81/xk/itownet/portalAction.do?method=getXkzsById&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;on&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pageSize&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">15</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;productName&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;conditionType&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;applyname&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;applysn&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    detail_params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 数据容器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表页响应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">params</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">params, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    res_obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 提取列表信息遍历</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    res_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res_obj.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;list&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># id是详情页请求的参数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        detail_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ID&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        detail_params[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> detail_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 详情页响应</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        resp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">detail_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">params</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">detail_params, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        res_obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> resp.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 容器保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data_list.append(res_obj)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 持久化存储</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;make_up_xkz.json&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json.dump(data_list, f, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ensure_ascii</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;over&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="正则表达式匹配" tabindex="-1">正则表达式匹配 <a class="header-anchor" href="#正则表达式匹配" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;正则表达式匹配&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="爬取糗事百科图片" tabindex="-1">爬取糗事百科图片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#爬取糗事百科图片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;爬取糗事百科图片&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">13</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        page_no </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/imgrank/page/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        page_txt </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        exp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb&quot;&gt;.*?&lt;img src=&quot;(.*?)&quot; alt.*?&lt;/div&gt;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        src_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re.findall(exp, page_txt, re.S)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(src_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https:&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 向图片url发请求保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            stream </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 文件名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src.split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            img_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(img_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f.write(stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(img_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;下载成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">13</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        page_no </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/imgrank/page/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        page_txt </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        exp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb&quot;&gt;.*?&lt;img src=&quot;(.*?)&quot; alt.*?&lt;/div&gt;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        src_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re.findall(exp, page_txt, re.S)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(src_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https:&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 向图片url发请求保存</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            stream </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 文件名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src.split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            img_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(img_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f.write(stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(img_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;下载成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="xpath解析" tabindex="-1">XPath解析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#xpath解析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;XPath解析&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="解析58二手房标题" tabindex="-1">解析58二手房标题 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解析58二手房标题" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解析58二手房标题&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://bj.58.com/ershoufang/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;property&quot;]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;58.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//h3[@class=&quot;property-content-title-name&quot;]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f.write(title[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\r\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://bj.58.com/ershoufang/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;property&quot;]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;58.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//h3[@class=&quot;property-content-title-name&quot;]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f.write(title[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\r\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="多线程爬取美女图片" tabindex="-1">多线程爬取美女图片 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多线程爬取美女图片" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多线程爬取美女图片&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">download_pic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_no, real_url, first_page_url, ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;=============开始下载第 &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_no) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; 页=================&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_no </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        pattern </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        init_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(real_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pattern)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        init_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> first_page_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    down_page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">init_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    down_tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(down_page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> down_tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;slist&quot;]//li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        img_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//img/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        img_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//img/@alt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        img_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> img_name.encode(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;iso-8859-1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).decode(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;gbk&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./beauty/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> img_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            stream </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">img_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f.write(stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(img_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; 下载成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/index.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    next_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/index</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./beauty&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./beauty&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_info </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;page&quot;]/a[7]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    total_page_no </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_info[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    thread_pool </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ThreadPoolExecutor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">60</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(total_page_no):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        thread_pool.submit(download_pic, i, next_url, url)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> concurrent.futures </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutor</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">download_pic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_no, real_url, first_page_url, ):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;=============开始下载第 &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_no) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; 页=================&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_no </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        pattern </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        init_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(real_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pattern)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        init_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> first_page_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    down_page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">init_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    down_tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(down_page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> down_tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;slist&quot;]//li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        img_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//img/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        img_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//img/@alt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        img_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> img_name.encode(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;iso-8859-1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).decode(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;gbk&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./beauty/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> img_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            stream </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">img_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f.write(stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(img_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; 下载成功&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/index.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    next_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/index</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./beauty&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./beauty&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_info </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;page&quot;]/a[7]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    total_page_no </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_info[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    thread_pool </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ThreadPoolExecutor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">max_workers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">60</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(total_page_no):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        thread_pool.submit(download_pic, i, next_url, url)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="全国城市名称爬取" tabindex="-1">全国城市名称爬取 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全国城市名称爬取" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全国城市名称爬取&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.aqistudy.cn/historydata&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    cities </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;bottom&quot;]/ul//li/a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cities))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.aqistudy.cn/historydata&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    cities </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;bottom&quot;]/ul//li/a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cities))</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/crawler/requests模块入门.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/base/%E8%A3%85%E9%A5%B0%E5%99%A8%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>装饰器深入</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>验证码识别和模拟登录</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>CrawlSpider全站爬取</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Django入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>argparse模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2windows%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>切换windows代理设置开关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_crawler_scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="scrapy框架入门" tabindex="-1">scrapy框架入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#scrapy框架入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;scrapy框架入门&quot;">​</a></h1><p>高性能的持久化存储，高性能的数据解析，分布式。</p><h2 id="使用" tabindex="-1">使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>安装：<code>pip install scrapy</code></li><li>创建项目：<code>scrapy startproject yourProjectName</code></li></ul><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">story_spider/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy.cfg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 部署配置文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">story_spider/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Python模块,代码写在这个目录下</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">items.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目项定义文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">pipelines.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目管道文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">settings.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目设置文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">spiders/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 我们的爬虫/蜘蛛 目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">__init__.py</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">story_spider/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy.cfg</span><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 部署配置文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">story_spider/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">             </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Python模块,代码写在这个目录下</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">items.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目项定义文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">pipelines.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目管道文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">settings.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 项目设置文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">spiders/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 我们的爬虫/蜘蛛 目录</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">__init__.py</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>在spiders目录中创建一个爬虫文件</p><ul><li><code>cd 项目目录</code>（spriders文件夹所在的目录）</li><li><code>scrapy genspider storyxc storyxc.com</code></li></ul></li><li><p>爬虫文件内容</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    allowed_domains </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.storyxc.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://blog.storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(response)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">	</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    allowed_domains </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.storyxc.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://blog.storyxc.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(response)</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>修改settings.py中的ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False</p><p>执行工程命令后可以加 --nolog</p><p>也可以在setting.py中添加：</p><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">#显示指定级别的日志信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">LOG_LEVEL = &#39;ERROR&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">#显示指定级别的日志信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">LOG_LEVEL = &#39;ERROR&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div></blockquote></li><li><p>执行工程<code>scrapy crawl storyxc</code>，日志信息</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">200 https://www.storyxc.com/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">200 https://blog.storyxc.com/</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">200 https://www.storyxc.com/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">200 https://blog.storyxc.com/</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul><h2 id="scrapy数据解析" tabindex="-1">scrapy数据解析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#scrapy数据解析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;scrapy数据解析&quot;">​</a></h2><p>解析糗事百科段子的作者和段子内容</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(author,content)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(author,content)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="基于终端指令持久化存储" tabindex="-1">基于终端指令持久化存储 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于终端指令持久化存储" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于终端指令持久化存储&quot;">​</a></h2><p>代码改造：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:author,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            data_list.append(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data_list</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:author,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            data_list.append(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data_list</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>只能将parse方法返回的内容存储到本地文件中</li><li>持久化存储的格式只有&#39;json&#39;, &#39;jsonlines&#39;, &#39;jl&#39;, &#39;csv&#39;, &#39;xml&#39;, &#39;marshal&#39;, &#39;pickle&#39;</li><li>指令：<code>scrapy crawl xxx -o path</code></li></ul><h2 id="基于管道持久化存储" tabindex="-1">基于管道持久化存储 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基于管道持久化存储" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基于管道持久化存储&quot;">​</a></h2><p>流程：</p><ul><li><p>数据解析</p></li><li><p>在item类中定义相关的属性</p><ul><li>fieldName = scrapy.Field()</li></ul></li><li><p>将解析的数据封装存储到Item类型的对象中</p></li><li><p>将item类型的对象提交给管道进行持久化存储的操作</p></li><li><p>在管道类的process_item函数中要将其接受到的item对象中存储的数据进行持久化操作</p></li><li><p>在settings.py中开启管道</p></li></ul><h3 id="代码改造" tabindex="-1">代码改造 <a class="header-anchor" href="#代码改造" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;代码改造&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-Python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">Python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 用作数据解析:response参数表示的是请求成功后的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析:作者的名称+段子内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div/div[2]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract()方法可以提取Selector对象中的data参数字符串</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># extract_first()提取的是list数组里面的第一个字符串,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表调用了extract()表示将每一个Selector对象中的data字符串提取出来</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[1]/div[1]/span//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> author</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="items模块" tabindex="-1">items模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#items模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;items模块&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="pipelines模块" tabindex="-1">pipelines模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pipelines模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pipelines模块&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StorySpiderPipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># open_spider方法只会在爬虫开始时调用一次,可以用于数据初始化操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open_spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;开始执行爬虫...&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./qiubai.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># close_spider会在结束时调用一次</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close_spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;爬虫执行结束...&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 专门用来处理item对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 该方法可以接收爬虫文件提交的item对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp.write(author </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;:&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StorySpiderPipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># open_spider方法只会在爬虫开始时调用一次,可以用于数据初始化操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open_spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;开始执行爬虫...&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./qiubai.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># close_spider会在结束时调用一次</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close_spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;爬虫执行结束...&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 专门用来处理item对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 该方法可以接收爬虫文件提交的item对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;author&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp.write(author </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;:&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>return item可以使item继续传递到下一个即将被执行的管道类中，以此可以实现多个管道类的操作，比如一份数据持久化到文件，一份数据持久化到数据库</p></div><h3 id="配置文件中开启管道" tabindex="-1">配置文件中开启管道 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置文件中开启管道" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置文件中开启管道&quot;">​</a></h3><p>settings.py中修改</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Configure item pipelines</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider.pipelines.StorySpiderPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Configure item pipelines</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider.pipelines.StorySpiderPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="执行爬虫" tabindex="-1">执行爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#执行爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;执行爬虫&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">scrapy crawl storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">开始执行爬虫</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">爬虫执行结束</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">目录下生成了qiubai.txt</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">scrapy crawl storyxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">开始执行爬虫</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">爬虫执行结束</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">...</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">目录下生成了qiubai.txt</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/crawler/scrapy框架入门.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>scrapy进阶</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/base/python%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python基础语法</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/base/python%E5%B9%B6%E5%8F%91%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python并发编程</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/base/%E8%A3%85%E9%A5%B0%E5%99%A8%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>装饰器深入</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>爬虫</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>requests模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>验证码识别和模拟登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%A2%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/selenium%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>selenium模块</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>CrawlSpider全站爬取</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Django入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>argparse模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2windows%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>切换windows代理设置开关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_crawler_scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="scrapy进阶" tabindex="-1">scrapy进阶 <a class="header-anchor" href="#scrapy进阶" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;scrapy进阶&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="全站数据爬取" tabindex="-1">全站数据爬取 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全站数据爬取" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全站数据爬取&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>将网站中某板块下的全部页码对应页面数据进行爬取</p></li><li><p>需求:爬取<a href="http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%A1%B5%E7%A0%81%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/的所有页码的所有照片名称</a></p></li><li><p>实现方式</p><ul><li><p>将所有页面url添加到start_urls列表</p></li><li><p>手动进行请求发送</p></li></ul></li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url_template </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/list12</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            img_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[2]//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(img_name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.page_num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">11</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            next_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">format</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.url_template </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.page_num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.page_num </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 手动请求发送:yield scrapy.Request(url,callback)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># callback专门用作数据解析</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">next_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parse)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url_template </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.521609.com/meinvxiaohua/list12</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            img_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[2]//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(img_name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.page_num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">11</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            next_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">format</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.url_template </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.page_num)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.page_num </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 手动请求发送:yield scrapy.Request(url,callback)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># callback专门用作数据解析</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">next_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parse)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="五大核心组件" tabindex="-1">五大核心组件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#五大核心组件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;五大核心组件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>引擎</li><li>调度器</li><li>下载器</li><li>Spider</li><li>管道</li></ul><p>流程:</p><ul><li><p>spider中产生url，对url进行请求发送</p></li><li><p>url会被封装成请求对象交给引擎，引擎把请求给调度器</p></li><li><p>调度器会使用过滤器将引擎提交的请求去重，将去重后的请求对象放入队列</p></li><li><p>调度器会把请求对象从队列中调度给引擎，引擎把请求交给下载器</p></li><li><p>下载器去互联网中进行数据下载，将数据封装在response里返回给引擎</p></li><li><p>引擎将response返回给spider，spider对数据进行解析，将数据封装到item当中，交给引擎</p></li><li><p>引擎把item交给管道</p></li><li><p>管道进行持久化存储</p></li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//1-200F3200S0420.png" alt="gzuo"></p><h2 id="请求传参" tabindex="-1">请求传参 <a class="header-anchor" href="#请求传参" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;请求传参&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>使用场景：如果爬取解析的数据不再同一张页面中（深度爬取）</p></li><li><p><code>yield scrapy.Request(url,callback,meta= {&#39;item&#39;:item})</code></p><ul><li>请求传参 item可以传递给callback回调函数</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="图片爬取之imagepipeline" tabindex="-1">图片爬取之ImagePipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#图片爬取之imagepipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;图片爬取之ImagePipeline&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>字符串持久化：xpath解析交给管道持久化</li><li>图片持久化：xpath解析出src属性，单独对图片地址发起请求获取图片二进制类型数据</li></ul><h3 id="imagepipeline" tabindex="-1">ImagePipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#imagepipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;ImagePipeline&quot;">​</a></h3><p>只需要解析出img的src属性进行解析并提交到管道,管道就会对图片的src进行请求发送获取二进制数据</p><h4 id="爬虫文件" tabindex="-1">爬虫文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#爬虫文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;爬虫文件&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;container&quot;]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 该网站有懒加载,要使用伪属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./div/a/img/@src2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            real_src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https:&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(real_src)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;src&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> real_src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://sc.chinaz.com/tupian/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@id=&quot;container&quot;]/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 该网站有懒加载,要使用伪属性</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./div/a/img/@src2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            real_src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https:&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(real_src)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;src&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> real_src</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="items" tabindex="-1">Items <a class="header-anchor" href="#items" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Items&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your scraped items</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    src </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your scraped items</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    src </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="pipeline" tabindex="-1">Pipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#pipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Pipeline&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark has-diff vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># Define your item pipelines here</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># Don&#39;t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">import scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">class ImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    # 根据图片地址进行图片数据的请求</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        print(item[&#39;src&#39;])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        yield scrapy.Request(item[&#39;src&#39;])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None, *, item=None):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        # 指定图片存储路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        imageName = request.url.split(&#39;/&#39;)[-1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return imageName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        return item  # 返回给下一个被执行的管道类</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light has-diff vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># Define your item pipelines here</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># Don&#39;t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">import scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">class ImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    # 根据图片地址进行图片数据的请求</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        print(item[&#39;src&#39;])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        yield scrapy.Request(item[&#39;src&#39;])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None, *, item=None):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        # 指定图片存储路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        imageName = request.url.split(&#39;/&#39;)[-1]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return imageName</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        return item  # 返回给下一个被执行的管道类</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="settings" tabindex="-1">settings <a class="header-anchor" href="#settings" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;settings&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># 保存的文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">IMAGES_STORE = &#39;./imgs&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># 启用管道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">ITEM_PIPELINES = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    # 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">   &#39;story_spider.pipelines.ImagePipeline&#39;: 300</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># 保存的文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">IMAGES_STORE = &#39;./imgs&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># 启用管道</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">ITEM_PIPELINES = {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    # 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">   &#39;story_spider.pipelines.ImagePipeline&#39;: 300</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="danger custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">DANGER</p><p>这里直接运行不会报错,但是会发现也没有下载成功,但是实际上url已经能拿到了,把日志的级别放开后,查看日志信息会发现有一句<code> 2021-05-01 13:22:48 [scrapy.middleware] WARNING: Disabled ImgsPipeline: ImagesPipeline requires installing Pillow 4.0.0 or later</code></p><p>提示使用ImagesPipeline还需要安装下pillow :<code>pip install pillow</code></p><p>这个很坑,不仔细看找不到,排查了半天才解决</p></div><p>安装完pillow后启动爬虫，可以看到图片已经下载完成</p><h2 id="中间件" tabindex="-1">中间件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#中间件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;中间件&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>下载中间件 <ul><li>位置：引擎和下载器之间</li><li>作用：批量拦截到整个工程中所有的请求和响应</li><li>拦截请求： <ul><li>UA伪装</li><li>代理IP设置</li></ul></li><li>拦截响应： <ul><li>篡改响应数据，响应对象</li></ul></li><li>核心方法： <ul><li>process_request：拦截请求</li><li>process_response：拦截响应</li><li>processs_exception：拦截发生异常的请求</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>爬虫中间件 <ul><li>位置：在引擎及爬虫</li><li>作用：处理spider的输入(response)和输出(item及requests).</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="下载中间件" tabindex="-1">下载中间件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载中间件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载中间件&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># UA 伪装,也可以设置ua池,随机设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        request.headers[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        request.meta[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;proxy&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://ip:port&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the response returned from the downloader.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must either;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Response object</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Request object</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - or raise IgnoreRequest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called when a download handler or a process_request()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 发生异常的请求切换代理 也可以实现代理池,指定切换逻辑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        request.meta[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;proxy&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://ip:port&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must either:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return None: continue processing this exception</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#将修正后的request重新进行发送</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># UA 伪装,也可以设置ua池,随机设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        request.headers[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置代理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        request.meta[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;proxy&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://ip:port&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the response returned from the downloader.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must either;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Response object</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Request object</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - or raise IgnoreRequest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called when a download handler or a process_request()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 发生异常的请求切换代理 也可以实现代理池,指定切换逻辑</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        request.meta[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;proxy&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://ip:port&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must either:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return None: continue processing this exception</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#将修正后的request重新进行发送</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="案例-爬取网易新闻指定分类下的新闻标题和内容" tabindex="-1">案例:爬取网易新闻指定分类下的新闻标题和内容 <a class="header-anchor" href="#案例-爬取网易新闻指定分类下的新闻标题和内容" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;案例:爬取网易新闻指定分类下的新闻标题和内容&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="爬虫类" tabindex="-1">爬虫类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#爬虫类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;爬虫类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://news.163.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    module_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.browser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;index2016_wrap&quot;]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/ul/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        need_index </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> need_index:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            module_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list[index].xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.module_urls.append(module_url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.module_urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Request(url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parse_module)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#  解析篡改过的 已经添加了动态加载数据的响应信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse_module</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div/div[3]/div[4]/div[1]/div[1]/div/ul/li/div/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># news_title = div.xpath(&#39;./div/div[1]/h3/a/text()&#39;).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            detail_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./div/div[1]/h3/a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">detail_url,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parse_detail)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析新闻详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;container&quot;]/div[1]/h1/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        detail_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div[2]//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        detail_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(detail_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> detail_text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">closed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self,spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.browser.quit()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story_spider.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 必须继承scrapy.Spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryxcSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 爬虫文件的名称:爬虫源文件的一个唯一标识</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;storyxc&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 允许的域名:用来限定start_urls列表中哪些url可以进行请求发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># allowed_domains = [&#39;storyxc.com&#39;]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 起始的url列表,该列表中存放的url会被scrapy自动进行请求的发送</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://news.163.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    module_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.browser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;index2016_wrap&quot;]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/ul/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        need_index </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> need_index:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            module_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list[index].xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.module_urls.append(module_url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.module_urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Request(url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parse_module)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#  解析篡改过的 已经添加了动态加载数据的响应信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse_module</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        div_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div/div[3]/div[4]/div[1]/div[1]/div/ul/li/div/div&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># news_title = div.xpath(&#39;./div/div[1]/h3/a/text()&#39;).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            detail_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> div.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./div/div[1]/h3/a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">detail_url,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parse_detail)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解析新闻详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;container&quot;]/div[1]/h1/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        detail_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;content&quot;]/div[2]//text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        detail_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(detail_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StorySpiderItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> detail_text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">closed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self,spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.browser.quit()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="中间件类" tabindex="-1">中间件类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#中间件类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;中间件类&quot;">​</a></h3><p>只展示了下载中间件</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StorySpiderDownloaderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拦截模块对应的响应对象,进行篡改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 由于是动态加载的内容,使用selenium</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 过滤指定的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> spider.module_urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> spider.browser</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.http </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HtmlResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只有指定模块url的数据才使用selenium请求并进行篡改数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            bro.get(request.url) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># selenium请求详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.page_source </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 包含了动态加载的新闻数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 要爬取的指定模块的响应内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实例化一个新的响应对象 (包含动态加载的新闻数据),替代原来的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            new_res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HtmlResponse(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">request.url,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">page_data,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">request</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> new_res</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#将修正后的request重新进行发送</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StorySpiderDownloaderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拦截模块对应的响应对象,进行篡改</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 由于是动态加载的内容,使用selenium</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 过滤指定的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> spider.module_urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> spider.browser</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.http </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HtmlResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只有指定模块url的数据才使用selenium请求并进行篡改数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            bro.get(request.url) </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># selenium请求详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.page_source </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 包含了动态加载的新闻数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 要爬取的指定模块的响应内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实例化一个新的响应对象 (包含动态加载的新闻数据),替代原来的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            new_res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HtmlResponse(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">request.url,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">page_data,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">request</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> new_res</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#将修正后的request重新进行发送</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="item类" tabindex="-1">Item类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#item类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Item类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    content </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StorySpiderItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># define the fields for your item here like:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># name = scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    content </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="pipeline类" tabindex="-1">Pipeline类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pipeline类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Pipeline类&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StroyxcPipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    fp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">open_spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./163news.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp.write(item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;:&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">close_spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.fp.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StroyxcPipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    fp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">open_spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./163news.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp.write(item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;:&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;content&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">close_spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.fp.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="settings配置" tabindex="-1">settings配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#settings配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;settings配置&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Obey robots.txt rules</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Enable or disable downloader middlewares</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider.middlewares.StorySpiderDownloaderMiddleware&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">543</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Configure item pipelines</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story_spider.pipelines.StroyxcPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">300</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Obey robots.txt rules</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Enable or disable downloader middlewares</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider.middlewares.StorySpiderDownloaderMiddleware&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">543</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Configure item pipelines</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 300表示优先级,数值越小,优先级越高</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story_spider.pipelines.StroyxcPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">300</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210501172946555.png" alt="image-20210501172946555"></p><h2 id="scrapy调试" tabindex="-1">scrapy调试 <a class="header-anchor" href="#scrapy调试" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;scrapy调试&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>pycharm中编辑运行/debug配置</p></li><li><p>点击加号添加一个新的配置,选择python,给配置命个名,比如scrapy</p></li><li><p>script path选择python目录下的<code>Lib/site-packages/scrapycmdline.py</code></p></li><li><p>parameter填<code>crawl yourSpiderName</code></p></li><li><p>working directory填写爬虫项目路径</p></li><li><p>保存,再debug运行scrapy这个配置就行</p></li></ul><p>例如:</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210502101609233.png" alt="image-20210502101609233"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/crawler/scrapy进阶.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>scrapy框架入门</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>CrawlSpider全站爬取</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python并发编程</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/base/%E8%A3%85%E9%A5%B0%E5%99%A8%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>装饰器深入</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>爬虫</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>requests模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>验证码识别和模拟登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%A2%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/selenium%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>selenium模块</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>CrawlSpider全站爬取</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Django入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>argparse模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2windows%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>切换windows代理设置开关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_crawler_selenium%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="selenium模块" tabindex="-1">selenium模块 <a class="header-anchor" href="#selenium模块" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;selenium模块&quot;">​</a></h1><p>selenium是一个用于web应用程序测试的工具,selenium测试直接运行在浏览器中,就像真正的用户在操作一样</p><p>selenium在爬虫中的应用:</p><ul><li>便捷的获取网站动态加载的数据</li><li>便捷的实现模拟登录</li></ul><p>selenium模块:</p><ul><li>基于浏览器自动化的一个模块</li></ul><h2 id="使用流程" tabindex="-1">使用流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用流程&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>环境安装：<code>pip install selenium</code></li><li>下载浏览器驱动程序</li></ul><blockquote><p><a href="http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html</a> 驱动程序</p></blockquote><ul><li>实例化浏览器对象</li><li>编写基于浏览器对象操作的代码</li></ul><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实例化一个浏览器对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">executable_path</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">D:</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\i</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">nstall</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\t</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">ools</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\c</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\c</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">exe</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 访问url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://movie.douban.com/typerank?type_name=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%E</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">5</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%89%</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">A7</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%E</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">6</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%83%</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">85&amp;type=11&amp;interval_id=100:90&amp;action=&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取页面源码内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> browser.page_source</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">span_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;movie-content&quot;]/div[1]/div[1]/span[1]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> span </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> span_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> span.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 退出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser.quit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;肖申克的救赎&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;霸王别姬&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;控方证人&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;伊丽莎白&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;阿甘正传&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;美丽人生&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;辛德勒的名单&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;茶馆&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;控方证人&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;十二怒汉（电视版）&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;这个杀手不太冷&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;千与千寻&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;泰坦尼克号&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;忠犬八公的故事&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;十二怒汉&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;泰坦尼克号 3D版&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;背靠背，脸对脸&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;灿烂人生&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;横空出世&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;遥望南方的童年&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实例化一个浏览器对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">executable_path</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;D:</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\i</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nstall</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\t</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ools</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\c</span><span style="color:#032F62;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\c</span><span style="color:#032F62;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">exe&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 访问url</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://movie.douban.com/typerank?type_name=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%E</span><span style="color:#032F62;">5</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%89%</span><span style="color:#032F62;">A7</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%E</span><span style="color:#032F62;">6</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%83%</span><span style="color:#032F62;">85&amp;type=11&amp;interval_id=100:90&amp;action=&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取页面源码内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> browser.page_source</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">span_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//div[@class=&quot;movie-content&quot;]/div[1]/div[1]/span[1]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> span </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> span_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> span.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//a/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 退出</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser.quit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;肖申克的救赎&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;霸王别姬&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;控方证人&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;伊丽莎白&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;阿甘正传&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;美丽人生&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;辛德勒的名单&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;茶馆&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;控方证人&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;十二怒汉（电视版）&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;这个杀手不太冷&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;千与千寻&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;泰坦尼克号&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;忠犬八公的故事&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;十二怒汉&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;泰坦尼克号 3D版&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;背靠背，脸对脸&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;灿烂人生&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;横空出世&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;遥望南方的童年&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="简单操作" tabindex="-1">简单操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简单操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简单操作&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">executable_path</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">D:</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\i</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">nstall</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\t</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">ools</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\c</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\c</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">exe</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.taobao.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 找到搜索框</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">input_ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;q&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输入值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">input_.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;macbook&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.execute_script(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击搜索按钮</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;J_TSearchForm&quot;]/div[1]/button&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 后退</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.back()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 前进</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.forward()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">executable_path</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;D:</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\i</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nstall</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\t</span><span style="color:#032F62;">ools</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\c</span><span style="color:#032F62;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\c</span><span style="color:#032F62;">hromedriver</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.</span><span style="color:#032F62;">exe&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.taobao.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 找到搜索框</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">input_ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;q&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输入值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">input_.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;macbook&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 执行js</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.execute_script(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击搜索按钮</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;J_TSearchForm&quot;]/div[1]/button&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 后退</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.back()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 前进</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.forward()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="iframe和动作链" tabindex="-1">iframe和动作链 <a class="header-anchor" href="#iframe和动作链" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;iframe和动作链&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>如果定位的标签存在于iframe中,则必须使用<code>switch_to.frame(id)</code></li><li>动作链: from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains <ul><li>实例化: `action = ActionChains(browser)</li><li>click_and_hold(div)长按点击操作</li><li>move_by_offset(x,y)</li><li>perform() 让动作链立即执行</li><li>action.release() 释放动作链</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="qq空间模拟登录" tabindex="-1">qq空间模拟登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#qq空间模拟登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;qq空间模拟登录&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://qzone.qq.com/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser.switch_to.frame(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;login_frame&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;switcher_plogin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">uname_input </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;u&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pwd_input </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;p&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">uname_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;1234&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pwd_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;123411234&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">login_btn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;login_button&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">login_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">browser.quit()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://qzone.qq.com/&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser.switch_to.frame(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;login_frame&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;switcher_plogin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">uname_input </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;u&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">pwd_input </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;p&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">uname_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;1234&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">pwd_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;123411234&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">login_btn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> browser.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;login_button&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">login_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">time.sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">browser.quit()</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="无头浏览器-规避检测" tabindex="-1">无头浏览器+规避检测 <a class="header-anchor" href="#无头浏览器-规避检测" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;无头浏览器+规避检测&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChromeOptions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实现无可视化节目(无头浏览器)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实现规避检测</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChromeOptions()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option.add_experimental_option(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;excludeSwitches&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;enable-automation&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(bro.page_source)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChromeOptions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实现无可视化节目(无头浏览器)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实现规避检测</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">option </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChromeOptions()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">option.add_experimental_option(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;excludeSwitches&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;enable-automation&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">option)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.get(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(bro.page_source)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="_12306模拟登录" tabindex="-1">12306模拟登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_12306模拟登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;12306模拟登录&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">PIL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ActionChains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChromeOptions</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ChromeOptions()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option.add_experimental_option(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;excludeSwitches&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;enable-automation&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 访问12306</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.12306.cn/index/index.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">option)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">script </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Object.defineProperty(navigator,&quot;webdriver&quot;,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{get</span><span style="color:#F97583;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">()=&gt;undefined,}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">);&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.execute_script(script)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击登录标签</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a_btn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[5]/a[1]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">a_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击账号登录按钮</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">account_login </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li[2]/a&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">account_login.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 保存页面截图</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.save_screenshot(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;page.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确定验证码图片对应的左上角和右下角的坐标,进行裁剪</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">code_element </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;J-loginImgArea&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">location </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> code_element.location  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 左上角坐标(x,y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> code_element.size  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 验证码图片的长和宽</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">rangle </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(location[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;x&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(location[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;y&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(location[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;x&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;width&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]), </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(location[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;y&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> size[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;height&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 截取验证码图片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">image </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Image.open(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./page.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">frame </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> image.crop(rangle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(rangle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">frame.save(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./code.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 超级鹰识别验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">im </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./code.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9004</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输入用户名和密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">uname_input </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;J-userName&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pwd_input </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;J-password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">uname_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;aaaaaaaaaaaa&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pwd_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;bbbbbbbbbbb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 处理识别结果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">all_position_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 即将被点击的坐标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    list_1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res.split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    count_1 </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(list_1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(count_1):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        xy_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(list_1[i].split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(list_1[i].split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        xy_list.append(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        xy_list.append(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        all_position_list.append(xy_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res.split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res.split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    xy_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    xy_list.append(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    xy_list.append(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    all_position_list.append(xy_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(all_position_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用动作链点击验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> l </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> all_position_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    x </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> l[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    y </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> l[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 参照物是截取的验证码区域</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ActionChains(bro).move_to_element_with_offset(code_element, x, y).click().perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">login_btn </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;J-login&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">login_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#滑动验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">span </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;nc_1_n1z&quot;]&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 对div_tag进行滑动操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">action </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ActionChains(bro)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">action.click_and_hold(span).perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(span, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">400</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">action.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">PIL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Image</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ActionChains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChromeOptions</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">option </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ChromeOptions()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">option.add_experimental_option(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;excludeSwitches&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;enable-automation&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 访问12306</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.12306.cn/index/index.html&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">option)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.get(url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">script </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Object.defineProperty(navigator,&quot;webdriver&quot;,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{get</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">()=&gt;undefined,}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">);&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.execute_script(script)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击登录标签</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a_btn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[5]/a[1]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">a_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 点击账号登录按钮</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">account_login </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li[2]/a&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">account_login.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 保存页面截图</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.save_screenshot(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;page.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 确定验证码图片对应的左上角和右下角的坐标,进行裁剪</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">code_element </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;J-loginImgArea&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">location </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> code_element.location  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 左上角坐标(x,y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> code_element.size  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 验证码图片的长和宽</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">rangle </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(location[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;x&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(location[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;y&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(location[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;x&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;width&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]), </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(location[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;y&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> size[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;height&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 截取验证码图片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">image </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Image.open(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./page.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">frame </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> image.crop(rangle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(rangle)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">frame.save(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./code.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 超级鹰识别验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">im </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./code.png&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9004</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 输入用户名和密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">uname_input </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;J-userName&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">pwd_input </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;J-password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">uname_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;aaaaaaaaaaaa&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">pwd_input.send_keys(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;bbbbbbbbbbb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 处理识别结果</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">all_position_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 即将被点击的坐标</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    list_1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res.split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    count_1 </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(list_1)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(count_1):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        xy_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(list_1[i].split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(list_1[i].split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        xy_list.append(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        xy_list.append(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        all_position_list.append(xy_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res.split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res.split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;,&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    xy_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    xy_list.append(x)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    xy_list.append(y)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    all_position_list.append(xy_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(all_position_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用动作链点击验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> l </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> all_position_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    x </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> l[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    y </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> l[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 参照物是截取的验证码区域</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ActionChains(bro).move_to_element_with_offset(code_element, x, y).click().perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">5</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">login_btn </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_id(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;J-login&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">login_btn.click()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#滑动验证码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">span </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.find_element_by_xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;nc_1_n1z&quot;]&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 对div_tag进行滑动操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">action </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ActionChains(bro)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">action.click_and_hold(span).perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(span, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">400</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).perform()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">action.release()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">bro.quit()</span></span></code></pre></div><p>最后一步滑块验证码无法通过,还需要优化</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/crawler/selenium模块.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%A2%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%A2%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/selenium%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>selenium模块</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>CrawlSpider全站爬取</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div 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href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>argparse模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2windows%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>切换windows代理设置开关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f 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data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫" tabindex="-1">分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="分布式爬虫" tabindex="-1">分布式爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分布式爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分布式爬虫&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="概念" tabindex="-1">概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;概念&quot;">​</a></h3><p>搭建集群，让集群对一组资源进行联合爬取</p><h3 id="作用" tabindex="-1">作用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#作用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;作用&quot;">​</a></h3><p>提升爬取数据效率</p><h3 id="实现" tabindex="-1">实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>安装scrapy-redis组件</p></li><li><p>原生scrapy无法实现分布式爬虫</p><ul><li>调度器不可被集群共享</li><li>管道不可被集群共享</li></ul></li><li><p>scrapy-redis组件作用</p><ul><li>给原生scrapy提供被共享的调度器和管道</li></ul></li><li><p>实现流程</p><ul><li><p>创建工程</p></li><li><p>创建一个基于CrawlSpider的爬虫</p></li><li><p>修改爬虫文件</p><ul><li><p>爬虫文件添加<code>from scrapy_redis.spiders import RedisCrawlSpider</code></p></li><li><p>注释掉start_urls和allowed_domains</p></li><li><p>新增属性<code>redis_key = &#39;story&#39;</code>，代表被共享的调度器队列的名称</p></li><li><p>编写数据解析操作</p></li><li><p>将当前爬虫类的父类修改成<code>RedisCrawlSpider</code></p></li></ul></li><li><p>settings配置新增</p><ul><li><p>指定使用可以共享的管道</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> : </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">400</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> : </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">400</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>指定可以共享的调度器</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 增加一个去重容器的配置,使用redis的set来存储请求数据,实现请求去重持久化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DUPEFLTER_CLASS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用scrapy-redis组件自己的调度器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SCHEDULER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 配置调度器是否要持久化-爬虫结束要不要清空redis请求队列和去重的set</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SCHEDULER_PERSIST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 增加一个去重容器的配置,使用redis的set来存储请求数据,实现请求去重持久化</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">DUPEFLTER_CLASS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用scrapy-redis组件自己的调度器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">SCHEDULER</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 配置调度器是否要持久化-爬虫结束要不要清空redis请求队列和去重的set</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">SCHEDULER_PERSIST</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>配置redis的配置文件</p><ul><li><code>bind 127.0.0.1</code>注释掉</li><li>关闭保护模式:<code>protected-mode</code> 改为no</li></ul></li><li><p>启动redis</p></li><li><p>启动工程，进入到爬虫文件的目录后<code>scrapy runspider xxx</code></p></li><li><p>向调度器队列中放入起始url</p><ul><li><code>lpush redis_key url</code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="增量式爬虫" tabindex="-1">增量式爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#增量式爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;增量式爬虫&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="概念-1" tabindex="-1">概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#概念-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;概念&quot;">​</a></h3><p>检测网站数据更新情况，只会爬取网站最新更新的数据</p><h3 id="实现-1" tabindex="-1">实现 <a class="header-anchor" href="#实现-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;实现&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>指定起始url</li><li>基于CrawlSpider获取其他页码链接</li><li>基于Rule对其他页码进行请求</li><li>从每一个页码对应源码中解析出详情页的url</li><li>==检测详情页的url是否被请求过（redis/mysql)==</li><li>对详情页发起请求</li><li>持久化存储</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/crawler/分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>CrawlSpider全站爬取</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python并发编程</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/base/%E8%A3%85%E9%A5%B0%E5%99%A8%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>装饰器深入</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>爬虫</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>requests模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>验证码识别和模拟登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%A2%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/selenium%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>selenium模块</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>CrawlSpider全站爬取</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Django入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>argparse模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2windows%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>切换windows代理设置开关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_crawler_%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="增量式爬虫实践案例-下载指定b站up主的所有作品" tabindex="-1">增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品 <a class="header-anchor" href="#增量式爬虫实践案例-下载指定b站up主的所有作品" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>增量式爬取指定的up主的所有投稿作品，即实现一个增量式爬虫。</p><p>这次示范的up主是个妹子😏<a href="https://space.bilibili.com/17485141/video" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">kototo</a>使用了scrapy框架，主要是为了练手，不使用框架反而会更简单一些。</p><p>python模块：scrapy、selenium、requests、pymysql</p><p>其他环境：ffmpeg、mysql</p><h2 id="创建一个项目并创建爬虫" tabindex="-1">创建一个项目并创建爬虫 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建一个项目并创建爬虫" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建一个项目并创建爬虫&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">startproject</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kototo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kototo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">genspider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kototo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bilibili.com</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">startproject</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kototo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kototo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">genspider</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kototo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bilibili.com</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="爬虫类" tabindex="-1">爬虫类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#爬虫类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;爬虫类&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> kototo.items </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> KototoItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KototoSpider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Spider</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        构造器,主要初始化了selenium对象并实现无头浏览器,以及</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        初始化需要爬取的url地址,因为b站的翻页是js实现的,所以要手动处理一下</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">super</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 构造无头浏览器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        chrome_options </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">chrome_options)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定的up主的投稿页面,可以提到外面使用input输入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        space_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/17485141/video&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 初始化需要爬取的列表页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.init_start_urls(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.start_urls, space_url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建桌面文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;~&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">), </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Desktop</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        解析方法,解析列表页的视频li,拿到标题和详情页,然后主动请求详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;submit-video-list&quot;]/ul[2]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[2]/@title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(detail_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">:=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./a[2]/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">detail_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">callback</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.parse_detail)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        增量爬取: 解析详情页的音视频地址并交给管道处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        使用mysql实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;viewbox_report&quot;]/h1/@title&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 替换掉视频名称中无法用在文件名中或会导致cmd命令出错的字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title.replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        play_info_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.get_play_info(response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 这里使用mysql的唯一索引实现增量爬取,如果是服务器上跑也可以用redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.insert_info(title, play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.mp3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> KototoItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> audio_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_temp_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(title </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;: 已经下载过了!&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">insert_info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, vtitle, vurl):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        mysql持久化存储爬取过的视频内容信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param vtitle: 标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param vurl: 视频链接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sql </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;insert into tb_kototo(title,url) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (vtitle, vurl)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_play_info</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, resp):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        解析详情页的源代码,提取其中的视频和文件真实地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param resp: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json.loads(re.findall(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&lt;script&gt;window\.__playinfo__=(.*?)&lt;/script&gt;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, resp.text)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拿到视频和音频的真实链接地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        audio_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_url, audio_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">init_start_urls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, url_list, person_page):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        初始化需要爬取的列表页,由于b站使用js翻页,无法在源码中找到翻页地址,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        需要自己手动实现解析翻页url的操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param url_list: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param person_page: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        mid </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re.findall(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/(.*?)/video\w*&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, person_page)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://api.bilibili.com/x/space/arc/search?mid=&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mid </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&amp;ps=30&amp;tid=0&amp;pn=1&amp;keyword=&amp;order=pubdate&amp;jsonp=jsonp&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        total_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;count&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        page_size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ps&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_size:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">elif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_size</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#F97583;">//</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_size </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        url_template </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> mid </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/video?tid=0&amp;page=&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&amp;keyword=&amp;order=pubdate&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(page_count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_no </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            url_list.append(url_template </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">closed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        爬虫结束关闭selenium窗口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param spider: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.bro.quit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> kototo.items </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> KototoItem</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KototoSpider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Spider</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    start_urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        构造器,主要初始化了selenium对象并实现无头浏览器,以及</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        初始化需要爬取的url地址,因为b站的翻页是js实现的,所以要手动处理一下</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">super</span><span style="color:#24292E;">().</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 构造无头浏览器</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> selenium.webdriver.chrome.options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        chrome_options </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Options()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--headless&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        chrome_options.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--disable-gpu&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> webdriver.Chrome(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">chrome_options</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">chrome_options)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 指定的up主的投稿页面,可以提到外面使用input输入</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        space_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/17485141/video&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 初始化需要爬取的列表页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.init_start_urls(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.start_urls, space_url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建桌面文件夹</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;~&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">), </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Desktop</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        解析方法,解析列表页的视频li,拿到标题和详情页,然后主动请求详情页</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;submit-video-list&quot;]/ul[2]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[2]/@title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(detail_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">:=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./a[2]/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Request(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">detail_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">callback</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.parse_detail)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">parse_detail</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        增量爬取: 解析详情页的音视频地址并交给管道处理</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        使用mysql实现</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;viewbox_report&quot;]/h1/@title&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).extract_first()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 替换掉视频名称中无法用在文件名中或会导致cmd命令出错的字符</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title.replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;|&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        play_info_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.get_play_info(response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 这里使用mysql的唯一索引实现增量爬取,如果是服务器上跑也可以用redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.insert_info(title, play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_temp.mp4&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).replace(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.desktop_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.mp3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> KototoItem()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> play_info_list[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> audio_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_temp_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(title </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;: 已经下载过了!&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">insert_info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, vtitle, vurl):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        mysql持久化存储爬取过的视频内容信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param vtitle: 标题</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param vurl: 视频链接</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sql </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;insert into tb_kototo(title,url) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (vtitle, vurl)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                conn.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_play_info</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, resp):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        解析详情页的源代码,提取其中的视频和文件真实地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param resp: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json.loads(re.findall(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&lt;script&gt;window\.__playinfo__=(.*?)&lt;/script&gt;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, resp.text)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 拿到视频和音频的真实链接地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        audio_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;backupUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_url, audio_url</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">init_start_urls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, url_list, person_page):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        初始化需要爬取的列表页,由于b站使用js翻页,无法在源码中找到翻页地址,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        需要自己手动实现解析翻页url的操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param url_list: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param person_page: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        mid </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re.findall(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/(.*?)/video\w*&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, person_page)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://api.bilibili.com/x/space/arc/search?mid=&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mid </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&amp;ps=30&amp;tid=0&amp;pn=1&amp;keyword=&amp;order=pubdate&amp;jsonp=jsonp&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        total_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;count&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        page_size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_data[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;data&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;page&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ps&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_size:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">elif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_size</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> total_count </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">//</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_size </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        url_template </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> mid </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/video?tid=0&amp;page=&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&amp;keyword=&amp;order=pubdate&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(page_count):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_no </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            url_list.append(url_template </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> page_no)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">closed</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        爬虫结束关闭selenium窗口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param spider: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.bro.quit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="下载中间件" tabindex="-1">下载中间件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载中间件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载中间件&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark has-diff vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your spider middleware</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> signals</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> itemadapter </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> is_item, ItemAdapter</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KototoSpiderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># passed objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">@</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">classmethod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">from_crawler</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cls, crawler):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        s </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">signal</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">signals.spider_opened)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_spider_input</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called for each response that goes through the spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># middleware and into the spider.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Should return None or raise an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_spider_output</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response, result, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the results returned from the Spider, after</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># it has processed the response.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> result:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_spider_exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, response, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_start_requests</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, start_requests, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the start requests of the spider, and works</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># that it doesn’t have a response associated.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must return only requests (not items).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> start_requests:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">yield</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">spider_opened</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        spider.logger.info(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Spider opened: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> spider.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KototoDownloaderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_request</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_response</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        篡改列表页的响应数据:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">            视频列表是通过ajax请求动态加载的,因此要通过selenium去加载这部分数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">            并篡改响应内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param request: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :param spider: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> spider.start_urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        bro </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> spider.bro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.http </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HtmlResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> request.url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">            如果是列表页就进行响应篡改操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">            &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            bro.get(request.url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sleep(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            page_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> bro.page_source</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            new_response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HtmlResponse(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">request.url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">page_data, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">request</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 返回篡改过的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> new_response</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">pass</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light has-diff vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Define here the models for your spider middleware</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># See documentation in:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> signals</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># useful for handling different item types with a single interface</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> itemadapter </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> is_item, ItemAdapter</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KototoSpiderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># passed objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">@</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">classmethod</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">from_crawler</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cls, crawler):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        s </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">cls</span><span style="color:#24292E;">()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">signal</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">signals.spider_opened)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_spider_input</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called for each response that goes through the spider</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># middleware and into the spider.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Should return None or raise an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_spider_output</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response, result, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the results returned from the Spider, after</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># it has processed the response.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> result:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_spider_exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, response, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_start_requests</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, start_requests, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Called with the start requests of the spider, and works</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># that it doesn’t have a response associated.</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Must return only requests (not items).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> start_requests:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">yield</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">spider_opened</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        spider.logger.info(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Spider opened: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> spider.name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KototoDownloaderMiddleware</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_request</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_response</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, response, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        篡改列表页的响应数据:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">            视频列表是通过ajax请求动态加载的,因此要通过selenium去加载这部分数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">            并篡改响应内容</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param request: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param response: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :param spider: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        :return: </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> spider.start_urls</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        bro </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> spider.bro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.http </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HtmlResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> request.url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> urls:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">            如果是列表页就进行响应篡改操作</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">            &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            bro.get(request.url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sleep(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            page_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> bro.page_source</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            new_response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HtmlResponse(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">request.url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">page_data, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">request</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 返回篡改过的响应对象</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> new_response</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, request, exception, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">pass</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="item" tabindex="-1">Item <a class="header-anchor" href="#item" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Item&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KototoItem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    audio_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KototoItem</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">scrapy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    audio_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> scrapy.Field()</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="pipeline" tabindex="-1">Pipeline <a class="header-anchor" href="#pipeline" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Pipeline&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">KototoPipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        audio </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">video, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        audio_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">audio, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(video_temp_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f.write(video_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(audio_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            f.write(audio_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">MergePipeline</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    删除临时文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">process_item</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;video_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cmd </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ffmpeg -y -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> \</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> audio_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; -c:v copy -c:a aac -strict experimental &#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.system(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.remove(video_temp_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.remove(audio_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(video_path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;下载完成&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> item</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">KototoPipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        audio </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio_url&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">video, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        audio_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">audio, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(video_temp_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f.write(video_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(audio_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            f.write(audio_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">MergePipeline</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    删除临时文件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">process_item</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, item, spider):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_temp_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;audio_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;video_path&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cmd </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ffmpeg -y -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_temp_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; -i &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> \</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> audio_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; -c:v copy -c:a aac -strict experimental &#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.system(cmd)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.remove(video_temp_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.remove(audio_path)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(video_path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;下载完成&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> item</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="settings" tabindex="-1">settings <a class="header-anchor" href="#settings" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;settings&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Accept&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/17485141/video&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Origin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">FILES_STORE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./files&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo.middlewares.KototoDownloaderMiddleware&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">543</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 下载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo.pipelines.KototoPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;kototo.pipelines.MergePipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">BOT_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">SPIDER_MODULES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo.spiders&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">NEWSPIDER_MODULE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo.spiders&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">USER_AGENT</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ROBOTSTXT_OBEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">False</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Accept&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com/17485141/video&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Origin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://space.bilibili.com&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">FILES_STORE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./files&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo.middlewares.KototoDownloaderMiddleware&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">543</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ITEM_PIPELINES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 下载</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo.pipelines.KototoPipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 合并</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;kototo.pipelines.MergePipeline&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="启动" tabindex="-1">启动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>命令启动：<code>scrapy crawl kototo</code></p></li><li><p>配置pycharm启动（推荐）</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210503002914982.png" alt="image-20210503002914982"></p></li></ul><h3 id="下载结果" tabindex="-1">下载结果 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载结果" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载结果&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210503003351357.png" alt="image-20210503003351357"></p><h3 id="mysql" tabindex="-1">mysql <a class="header-anchor" href="#mysql" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;mysql&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210503003551035.png" alt="image-20210503003551035"></p><h2 id="再次尝试下载时" tabindex="-1">再次尝试下载时 <a class="header-anchor" href="#再次尝试下载时" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;再次尝试下载时&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210503003617326.png" alt="image-20210503003617326"></p><p>已经爬取过的资源会提示已经下载过，只会处理更新的内容。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/crawler/增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>小红书爬虫</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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diff --git "a/python/crawler/\345\244\232\347\272\277\347\250\213\347\210\254\345\217\226\346\242\250\350\247\206\351\242\221\347\275\221\347\253\231\347\232\204\347\203\255\351\227\250\350\247\206\351\242\221.html" "b/python/crawler/\345\244\232\347\272\277\347\250\213\347\210\254\345\217\226\346\242\250\350\247\206\351\242\221\347\275\221\347\253\231\347\232\204\347\203\255\351\227\250\350\247\206\351\242\221.html"
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data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f 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_python_crawler_%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%A2%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频" tabindex="-1">多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频 <a class="header-anchor" href="#多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> multiprocessing.dummy </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Pool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 体育分类视频url地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/category_9&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_videos</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    li_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//ul[@id=&quot;listvideoListUl&quot;]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./video&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./video&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 存储所有的视频真实地址和名称信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_url_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 视频id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">].split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;_&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 视频名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.//div[@class=&quot;vervideo-title&quot;]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 梨视频的video标签是动态加载的,通过请求抓包获取到的ajax地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ajax_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/videoStatus.jsp&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        query_param </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;contId&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: video_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;mrd&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">str</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(random.random())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 梨视频有Referer 防盗链验证</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 需要在普通的ua伪装中加入Referer请求头,否则会一直提示文章已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        ajax_headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/video_&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        json_obj </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ajax_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ajax_headers, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">params</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">query_param).json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 响应的地址:https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419/1618849825266-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实际的地址:https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419/cont-1727112-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实际地址中cont-后是视频id 因此要把这串字符串处理掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        temp_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> json_obj[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;videoInfo&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;videos&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">][</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;srcUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        last_index </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> temp_url.rfind(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 最后一个/前的内容 https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> temp_url[:last_index]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 最后一个/后的内容根据-切片(不包含) 1618849825266-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        str_list </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> temp_url[last_index </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:].split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str_list)):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;/cont-&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">elif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">len</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str_list) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str_list[i]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> str_list[i] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 字典存储视频信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_dict </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;url&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: real_video_url}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        video_url_list.append(video_dict)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_url_list</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># io操作较耗时,采用多线程进行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">download_video</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(dict):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dict[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dict[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;url&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    video_stream </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">video_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./video/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> video_name, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(video_stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;=============</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">video_name</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">下载完毕===============&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 多线程执行下载任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    pool </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Pool(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    pool.map(download_video, get_videos())</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> multiprocessing.dummy </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Pool</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 体育分类视频url地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/category_9&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_videos</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    li_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//ul[@id=&quot;listvideoListUl&quot;]/li&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./video&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./video&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 存储所有的视频真实地址和名称信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_url_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li_list:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 视频id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//a/@href&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">].split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;_&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 视频名称</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> li.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.//div[@class=&quot;vervideo-title&quot;]/text()&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;.mp4&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 梨视频的video标签是动态加载的,通过请求抓包获取到的ajax地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ajax_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/videoStatus.jsp&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        query_param </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;contId&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: video_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;mrd&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">str</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(random.random())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 梨视频有Referer 防盗链验证</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 需要在普通的ua伪装中加入Referer请求头,否则会一直提示文章已下线</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        ajax_headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Referer&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://www.pearvideo.com/video_&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_id</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        json_obj </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ajax_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ajax_headers, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">params</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">query_param).json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 响应的地址:https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419/1618849825266-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实际的地址:https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419/cont-1727112-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 实际地址中cont-后是视频id 因此要把这串字符串处理掉</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        temp_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> json_obj[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;videoInfo&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;videos&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">][</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;srcUrl&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        last_index </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> temp_url.rfind(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 最后一个/前的内容 https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20210419</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> temp_url[:last_index]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 最后一个/后的内容根据-切片(不包含) 1618849825266-15658816_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        str_list </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> temp_url[last_index </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:].split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str_list)):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;/cont-&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">elif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">len</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str_list) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str_list[i]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> real_video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> str_list[i] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 字典存储视频信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_dict </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;url&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: real_video_url}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        video_url_list.append(video_dict)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_url_list</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># io操作较耗时,采用多线程进行</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">download_video</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(dict):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dict[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dict[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;url&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    video_stream </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">video_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./video/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> video_name, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(video_stream)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;=============</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">video_name</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">下载完毕===============&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 多线程执行下载任务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    pool </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Pool(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    pool.map(download_video, get_videos())</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="流程" tabindex="-1">流程: <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程:&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>根据主链接拿到最热视频的视频id和视频名称</p></li><li><p>通过抓包拿到请求视频真实地址的ajax请求地址，修改参数，添加Referer请求头解决防盗链问题</p></li><li><p>通过ajax请求拿到响应的json对象，解析出我们需要的视频地址</p></li><li><p>通过对比可以得知视频地址是经过了字符串替换的，通过字符串操作得到真实的视频地址</p></li><li><p>将解析出来的视频信息字典统一存在列表，再定义一个持久化方法</p></li><li><p>通过多线程进行持久化操作</p></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/crawler/多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/crawler/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>验证码识别和模拟登录</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/selenium%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>selenium模块</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>requests模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>验证码识别和模拟登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%A2%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/selenium%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>selenium模块</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>CrawlSpider全站爬取</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Django入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>argparse模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2windows%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>切换windows代理设置开关</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f 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data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="验证码识别和模拟登录" tabindex="-1">验证码识别和模拟登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#验证码识别和模拟登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;验证码识别和模拟登录&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="超级鹰验证码识别平台" tabindex="-1">超级鹰验证码识别平台 <a class="header-anchor" href="#超级鹰验证码识别平台" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;超级鹰验证码识别平台&quot;">​</a></h2><p>地址：<a href="https://www.chaojiying.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.chaojiying.com/</a></p><p>使用方法：</p><ol><li>注册并登陆</li><li>点击<a href="https://www.chaojiying.com/api.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">开发文档</a>，选择自己使用的语言下载使用demo，比如python</li><li>解压后得到demo实例，配置自己的用户名密码和软件id，软件id在用户中心的侧边栏最下方选择软件ID即可</li><li>根据需要识别的验证码类型配置具体类型，比如4-6位英文数字的类型编号为1902</li><li>充值，每次识别根据不同的类型有不同题分的定价，这个平台1元=1000题分</li><li>开始开发</li></ol><h2 id="超级鹰识别古诗文网验证码案例" tabindex="-1">超级鹰识别古诗文网验证码案例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#超级鹰识别古诗文网验证码案例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;超级鹰识别古诗文网验证码案例&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="识别案例代码" tabindex="-1">识别案例代码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#识别案例代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;识别案例代码&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 验证码url地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;https://so.gushiwen.cn&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;imgCode&quot;]/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    img_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">code_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img/code.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(img_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img/code.jpp&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        im </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f.read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.post_pic(im,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1902</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://so.gushiwen.cn/user/login.aspx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 验证码url地址</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;https://so.gushiwen.cn&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;imgCode&quot;]/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    img_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">code_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        os.mkdir(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img/code.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(img_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img/code.jpp&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        im </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f.read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.post_pic(im,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1902</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="超级鹰使用demo代码" tabindex="-1">超级鹰使用demo代码： <a class="header-anchor" href="#超级鹰使用demo代码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;超级鹰使用demo代码：&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这里我微调了一下，把用户信息在代码里写死了，可以根据自己情况调整</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> hashlib </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> md5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">StoryClient</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.username </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;超级鹰用户名&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        password </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;超级鹰密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.encode(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.password </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> md5(password).hexdigest()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.soft_id </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;超级鹰软件ID&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.base_params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;user&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.username,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pass2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.password,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;softid&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.soft_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Connection&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Keep-Alive&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">post_pic</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, im, codetype):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        im: 图片字节</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;codetype&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: codetype,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        params.update(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.base_params)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        files </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;userfile&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ccc.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, im)}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">params, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">files</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">files,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                          </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ReportError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, im_id):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        im_id:报错题目的图片ID</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        params </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: im_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        params.update(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.base_params)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        r </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">params, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient()  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    im </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;a.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">).read()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1902</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1902 验证码类型  官方网站&gt;&gt;价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> hashlib </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> md5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">StoryClient</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.username </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;超级鹰用户名&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        password </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;超级鹰密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.encode(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.password </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> md5(password).hexdigest()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.soft_id </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;超级鹰软件ID&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.base_params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;user&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.username,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pass2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.password,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;softid&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.soft_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Connection&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Keep-Alive&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">post_pic</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, im, codetype):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        im: 图片字节</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        codetype: 题目类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;codetype&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: codetype,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        params.update(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.base_params)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        files </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;userfile&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ccc.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, im)}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">params, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">files</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">files,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                          </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ReportError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, im_id):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        im_id:报错题目的图片ID</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        params </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: im_id,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        params.update(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.base_params)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        r </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.post(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">params, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.headers)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r.json()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient()  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    im </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;a.jpg&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">).read()  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1902</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1902 验证码类型  官方网站&gt;&gt;价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="流程" tabindex="-1">流程： <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程：&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>请求登录页面并保存验证码图片</li><li>上传验证码图片到超级鹰并识别</li></ul><h2 id="人人网模拟登录" tabindex="-1">人人网模拟登录 <a class="header-anchor" href="#人人网模拟登录" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;人人网模拟登录&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/SysHome.do&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    headers </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session发送请求</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    session </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.session()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># page_text = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tree </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;verifyPic_login&quot;]/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code_img_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">code_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./img/code.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(code_img_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 超级鹰客户端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(path, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        im </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> r.read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    code </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1902</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    login_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login?1=1&amp;uniqueTimestamp=2021312240804&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;email&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;人人网用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;icode&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: code,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;origURL&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;domain&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;renren.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;key_id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;captcha_type&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;web_login&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;人人网密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rkey&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;asdfasdf&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;f&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#response = requests.post(url=login_url, headers=headers, data=data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session.post(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">login_url, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">data</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(response.status_code)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    login_page_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;renren.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        f.write(login_page_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    detail_url </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/6666666/profile&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># detail_text = requests.get(url=detail_url,headers=headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    detail_text </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> session.get(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">url</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">detail_url,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">headers</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./detail.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">encoding</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dw:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        dw.write(detail_text)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> lxml </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> story.code </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/SysHome.do&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    headers </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;User-Agent&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session发送请求</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    session </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.session()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># page_text = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    page_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tree </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> etree.HTML(page_text)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> tree.xpath(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;//*[@id=&quot;verifyPic_login&quot;]/@src&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code_img_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> requests.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">code_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).content</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./img/code.jpg&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;wb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(code_img_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 超级鹰客户端</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> StoryClient()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(path, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rb&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        im </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> r.read()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    code </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> client.post_pic(im, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1902</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;pic_str&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    login_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login?1=1&amp;uniqueTimestamp=2021312240804&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;email&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;人人网用户名&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;icode&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: code,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;origURL&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/home&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;domain&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;renren.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;key_id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;captcha_type&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;web_login&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;人人网密码&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rkey&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;asdfasdf&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;f&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#response = requests.post(url=login_url, headers=headers, data=data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session.post(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">login_url, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">data</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(response.status_code)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    login_page_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response.text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;renren.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        f.write(login_page_data)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    detail_url </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;http://www.renren.com/6666666/profile&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># detail_text = requests.get(url=detail_url,headers=headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 使用session</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    detail_text </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> session.get(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">url</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">detail_url,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">headers</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">headers).text</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./detail.html&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">encoding</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dw:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        dw.write(detail_text)</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="流程-1" tabindex="-1">流程： <a class="header-anchor" href="#流程-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;流程：&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>请求登录页，抓取验证码上传到超级鹰识别</li><li>浏览器抓包，拿到登录按钮的触发事件发送的login请求内容，复制出来并调整格式（代码中的data部分）</li><li>http是无状态的，登录后要想访问个人主页，需要携带cookie发送请求，可以手动抓包cookie到代码中，推荐使用requests.session()发送请求，然后可以继续爬取需要的个人主页详情信息</li><li>超级鹰客户端部分见上一个案例中的demo代码</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/crawler/验证码识别和模拟登录.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/crawler/requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>requests模块入门</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%A2%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/requests%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>requests模块入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>验证码识别和模拟登录</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96%E6%A2%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>多线程爬取梨视频网站的热门视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/selenium%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>selenium模块</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/python%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88ffmpeg%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BDbilibili%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>python配合ffmpeg下载bilibili视频</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy框架入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/scrapy%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>scrapy进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/CrawlSpider%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E7%88%AC%E5%8F%96.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>CrawlSpider全站爬取</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>分布式爬虫和增量式爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Django入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div 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href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f 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_python_others_Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件" tabindex="-1">Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> subprocess</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">_pattern </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">[</span><span style="color:#F97583;">^</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">A-Za-z0-9_</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">.,:+</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">@</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\n</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">]</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">replace_func</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(match_obj):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\\</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> match_obj.group(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">shell_escape</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(str_param):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> re.sub(_pattern, replace_func, str_param)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        file_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> shell_escape(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        editor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> shell_escape(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        command </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;open -a </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">editor</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">file_path</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        subprocess.Popen(command, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">shell</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> subprocess</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">_pattern </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">[</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">^</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">A-Za-z0-9_</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">.,:+</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">@</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\n</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">]</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">replace_func</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(match_obj):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\\</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> match_obj.group(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">shell_escape</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(str_param):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> re.sub(_pattern, replace_func, str_param)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        file_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> shell_escape(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        editor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> shell_escape(sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        command </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">f</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;open -a </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">editor</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{</span><span style="color:#24292E;">file_path</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        subprocess.Popen(command, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">shell</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>release：<a href="https://github.com/storyxc/Alfred-open-with-editor/releases/download/Alfred/Open.with.Editor.alfredworkflow" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/storyxc/Alfred-open-with-editor/releases/download/Alfred/Open.with.Editor.alfredworkflow</a></p><p>repository：<a href="https://github.com/storyxc/Alfred-open-with-editor/releases/tag/Alfred" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/storyxc/Alfred-open-with-editor/releases/tag/Alfred</a></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220221194201279.png" alt="image-20220221194201279"></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/others/Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/others/%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2windows%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>切换windows代理设置开关</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>youtube-upload</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/python/crawler/%E5%A2%9E%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%8F%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%20%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Ab%E7%AB%99up%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>增量式爬虫实践案例 下载指定b站up主的所有作品</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>小红书爬虫</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>web</h2><div 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href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pymysql使用</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="group" data-v-b00e2fdd><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-b00e2fdd data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><h2 class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>其他</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-e31bd47b><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-e31bd47b><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div 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href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_others_argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="argparse模块入门" tabindex="-1">argparse模块入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#argparse模块入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;argparse模块入门&quot;">​</a></h1><p>学习如何使用python编写一个命令行程序。</p><h2 id="简介" tabindex="-1">简介 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简介" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简介&quot;">​</a></h2><p><a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/argparse.html#module-argparse" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>argparse</code></a> 模块可以让人轻松编写用户友好的命令行接口。程序定义它需要的参数，然后 <a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/argparse.html#module-argparse" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>argparse</code></a> 将弄清如何从 <a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/sys.html#sys.argv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>sys.argv</code></a> 解析出那些参数。 <a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/argparse.html#module-argparse" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><code>argparse</code></a> 模块还会自动生成帮助和使用手册，并在用户给程序传入无效参数时报出错误信息。</p><p>官方文档地址：<a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/argparse.html#upgrading-optparse-code" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/argparse.html#upgrading-optparse-code</a></p><h2 id="基础" tabindex="-1">基础 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.parse_args()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.parse_args()</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用命令行运行这个程序</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">story</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unrecognized</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">story</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">story</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unrecognized</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">story</span></span></code></pre></div><p>程序运行情况:</p><ul><li>在没有任何选项时,程序没有任何输出</li><li>argparse在我们什么逻辑代码都没有编写的情况下帮我们提供了一条帮助信息</li><li><code>--help</code>可以缩写为<code>-h</code>,是唯一一个可以直接使用的选项,指定任何没有定义的内容都会报错,但是也会给出提示</li></ul><h2 id="位置参数" tabindex="-1">位置参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#位置参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;位置参数&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;print&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args.print)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;print&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args.print)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">following</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">are</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">required:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">positional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">test</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">following</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">are</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">required:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">positional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">test</span></span></code></pre></div><p>程序运行情况:</p><ul><li>增加了<code>add_argument()</code>方法，该方法指定程序能够接受哪些命令行选项。在例子中使用了<code>print</code>作为选项名</li><li>现在调用程序必须指定一个选项</li><li>这个选项就是一个位置参数</li></ul><p><code>add_argument</code>方法还可以添加提示信息</p><p>比如修改上面的代码再次运行:</p><p><code>parser.add_argument(&#39;print&#39;,help=&#39;print the string you typed&#39;)</code></p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">positional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">string</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">you</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">typed</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">positional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#032F62;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">string</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">you</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">typed</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span></code></pre></div><p>还可以指定输入的值的类型，否则argparse会把一切输入都当作字符串</p><p><code>parser.add_argument(&#39;print&#39;,help=&#39;print the number you typed&#39;,type=int)</code></p><p>运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">print:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">invalid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">value:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;two&#39;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">two</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] print</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">print:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">invalid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">value:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;two&#39;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="可选参数" tabindex="-1">可选参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#可选参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;可选参数&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbosity:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;verbosity turn on&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbosity:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;verbosity turn on&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbosity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">verbosity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">turn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">on</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">--verbosity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">VERBOSITY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">increase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">output</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbosity:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">expected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">one</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbosity</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">verbosity</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">turn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">on</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">--verbosity</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">VERBOSITY</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">increase</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">output</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbosity:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">expected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">one</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果：</p><ul><li><p>当指定了<code>--verbosity</code>时打印turn on，否则不打印</p></li><li><p>不添加这选项时不会报错，说明是可选参数，当一个可选参数没有被使用，对应的变量会被赋值为None，因此args.verbosity在if中被判断为逻辑假</p></li><li><p>帮助信息多了VERBOSITY</p></li><li><p>使用<code>--verbosity</code>选项时必须指定一个值，否则会报错</p></li></ul><p>修改代码：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">action</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;store_true&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;verbosity turn on&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">action</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;store_true&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;verbosity turn on&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbose</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">verbosity</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">turn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">on</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [--verbose]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [--verbose]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unrecognized</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">increase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">output</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">verbosity</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbose</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">verbosity</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">turn</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">on</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [--verbose]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [--verbose]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unrecognized</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">test</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#032F62;">increase</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">output</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">verbosity</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果：</p><ul><li>修改之后，这一选项更多是一个标志，而不需要接收值，新增加的参数action赋值为<code>store_true</code>，意味着，当这一选项存在时，为args.verbose赋值为True，没有指定该选项时为False</li><li>当为其指定值时会报错</li><li>不同的帮助文字</li></ul><h2 id="短参数" tabindex="-1">短参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#短参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;短参数&quot;">​</a></h2><p>我们能注意到<code>-h</code>和<code>--help</code>是功能相同的，我们也可以给自定义的参数指定简短的形式</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">action</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;store_true&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-s&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--square&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;display a square of a given number&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.square </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># **运算符为计算arg1的arg2次幂</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;the square of </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(answer)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">action</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;store_true&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-s&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--square&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;display a square of a given number&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.square </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># **运算符为计算arg1的arg2次幂</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;the square of </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(answer)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [-v] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s/--square:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">expected</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">one</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">square</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [-v] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s/--square:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">expected</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">one</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">square</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果：</p><ul><li>必要的可选参数也要传值</li><li>根据可选参数的指定与否我们可以控制一些功能的实现</li></ul><p>修改代码：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-s&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--square&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;display a square of a given number&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.square </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># **运算符为计算arg1的arg2次幂</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbose </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;the square of </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">elif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbose </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">^2 is </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(answer)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-s&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--square&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;display a square of a given number&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.square </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># **运算符为计算arg1的arg2次幂</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbose </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;the square of </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">elif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbose </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">^2 is </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(args.square, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(answer)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">square</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">2^2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">square</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">2^2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4</span></span></code></pre></div><p>显然，用户指定-v的值是3是我们不愿意看见的，因此我们可以限定-v的取值范围</p><p>修改</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">choices</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;-v&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;--verbose&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;increase output verbosity&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">choices</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span></code></pre></div><p>再次运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [-v {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,2}] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v/--verbose:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">invalid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">choice:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (choose </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [-v {</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,2}] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,2},</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">{</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">,2}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">increase</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">output</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-s</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SQUARE,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--square</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SQUARE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                        </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">display</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">square</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">given</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">number</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [-v {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,2}] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v/--verbose:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">invalid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">choice:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (choose </span><span style="color:#032F62;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [-v {</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,2}] [-s SQUARE]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,2},</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbose</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">{</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">,2}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">increase</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">output</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">verbosity</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-s</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SQUARE,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--square</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SQUARE</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                        </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">display</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">square</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">given</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">number</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="互斥参数" tabindex="-1">互斥参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#互斥参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;互斥参数&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>add_mutually_exclusive_group()</code>方法允许指定彼此冲突的选项</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">group </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">group.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;-v&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--verbose&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">action</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;store_true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">group.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;-q&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--quiet&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">action</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;store_true&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;x&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;the base&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;y&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">int</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;the exponent&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">answer </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.x</span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">args.y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.quiet:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(answer)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">elif</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> to the power </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> equals </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(args.x, args.y, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">^</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> == </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">{}</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.format(args.x, args.y, answer))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparse.ArgumentParser()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">group </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">group.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;-v&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--verbose&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">action</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;store_true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">group.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;-q&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--quiet&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">action</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;store_true&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;x&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;the base&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">parser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;y&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">int</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;the exponent&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> parser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">answer </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.x</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;">args.y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.quiet:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(answer)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">elif</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> args.verbose:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> to the power </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> equals </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(args.x, args.y, answer))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">^</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> == </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">{}</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.format(args.x, args.y, answer))</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4^2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">power</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">equals</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-q</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [-v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> -q] x y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">calculate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">X</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">to</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">power</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">of</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">positional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">x</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">base</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">y</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">              </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">the</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exponent</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">optional</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-h,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">show</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">this</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">help</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">message</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">and</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-v,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--verbose</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-q,</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--quiet</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4^2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">power</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">equals</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-q</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">16</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-h</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [-v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> -q] x y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">calculate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">X</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">to</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">power</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">of</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">Y</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">positional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">x</span><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">base</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">y</span><span style="color:#24292E;">              </span><span style="color:#032F62;">the</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exponent</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">optional</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">arguments:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-h,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--help</span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#032F62;">show</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">this</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">help</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">message</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">and</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">exit</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-v,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--verbose</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-q,</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--quiet</span></span></code></pre></div><p>运行结果:</p><ul><li><p>根据指定-v还是-q，可以得到不同输出，实现不同功能</p></li><li><p>usage: main.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y中[-v|-q]代表可选其一，而不是使用两者</p><p>如果同时使用会报错：</p><div class="language-bash vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">bash</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">python</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">4</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-q</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">usage:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">main.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [-h] [-v </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> -q] x y</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">error:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-q/--quiet:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">allowed</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">argument</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v/--verbose</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">$</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">python</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">4</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-q</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">usage:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">main.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [-h] [-v </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> -q] x y</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">main.py:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">error:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-q/--quiet:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">allowed</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">argument</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v/--verbose</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/others/argparse模块入门.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>pymysql使用</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/others/%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2windows%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%85%B3.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>切换windows代理设置开关</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_others_youtube-upload" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="youtube-upload" tabindex="-1">youtube-upload <a class="header-anchor" href="#youtube-upload" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;youtube-upload&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="instructions" tabindex="-1">instructions <a class="header-anchor" href="#instructions" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;instructions&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li><p>安装<code>google-api-python-client</code>包，github仓库：<code>https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-python-client</code></p></li><li><p>安装<code>oauth2client</code>包，github仓库：<code>https://github.com/googleapis/oauth2client</code></p></li><li><p>google cloud创建应用</p><ol><li>在api库中搜索<code>youtube data api v3</code>并启用</li><li>在OAuth consent screen中创建一个应用，选择desktop app，把自己的邮箱添加到test user</li><li>在凭据Credentials中创建OAuth 2.0客户端id，把客户端id，客户端密钥替换到下面这个json中，并保存到项目下的<code>client_secrets.json中</code>(要和上传的python脚本文件在相同目录)</li></ol><div class="language-json vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">json</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;web&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;client_id&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[[INSERT CLIENT ID HERE]]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;client_secret&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;[[INSERT CLIENT SECRET HERE]]&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;redirect_uris&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;auth_uri&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">&quot;token_uri&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;web&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;client_id&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[[INSERT CLIENT ID HERE]]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;client_secret&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;[[INSERT CLIENT SECRET HERE]]&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;redirect_uris&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;auth_uri&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">&quot;token_uri&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ol><h2 id="sample-request" tabindex="-1">sample request <a class="header-anchor" href="#sample-request" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;sample request&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">python3</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">upload_video.py</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--file=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/tmp/test_video_file.flv&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       --title</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Summer vacation in California&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       --description</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Had fun surfing in Santa Cruz&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       --keywords</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;surfing,Santa Cruz&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       --category</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;22&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                       --privacyStatus</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;private&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">python3</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">upload_video.py</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--file=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/tmp/test_video_file.flv&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                       --title</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Summer vacation in California&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                       --description</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Had fun surfing in Santa Cruz&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                       --keywords</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;surfing,Santa Cruz&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                       --category</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;22&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                       --privacyStatus</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;private&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="sample-code" tabindex="-1">sample code <a class="header-anchor" href="#sample-code" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;sample code&quot;">​</a></h2><p>代码源自<a href="https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/guides/uploading_a_video" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">YouTube Data API</a>，给的例子比较老旧，是python2的代码，还有没法用的httplib包，下面代码针对这些做了删改调整可以直接使用。</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/usr/bin/python</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> httplib2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> apiclient.discovery </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> apiclient.errors </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HttpError</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> apiclient.http </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> MediaFileUpload</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oauth2client.client </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> flow_from_clientsecrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oauth2client.file </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Storage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> oauth2client.tools </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparser, run_flow</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Explicitly tell the underlying HTTP transport library not to retry, since</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># we are handling retry logic ourselves.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">httplib2.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RETRIES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Maximum number of times to retry before giving up.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MAX_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Always retry when these exceptions are raised.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RETRIABLE_EXCEPTIONS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (httplib2.HttpLib2Error, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">IOError</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Always retry when an apiclient.errors.HttpError with one of these status</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># codes is raised.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">500</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">502</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">503</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">504</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE variable specifies the name of a file that contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># the OAuth 2.0 information for this application, including its client_id and</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># client_secret. You can acquire an OAuth 2.0 client ID and client secret from</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># the Google API Console at</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://console.developers.google.com/.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Please ensure that you have enabled the YouTube Data API for your project.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># For more information about using OAuth2 to access the YouTube Data API, see:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/guides/authentication</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># For more information about the client_secrets.json file format, see:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/guide/aaa_client_secrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;client_secrets.json&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This OAuth 2.0 access scope allows an application to upload files to the</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># authenticated user&#39;s YouTube channel, but doesn&#39;t allow other types of access.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_UPLOAD_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://www.googleapis.com/auth/youtube.upload&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_API_SERVICE_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;youtube&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_API_VERSION</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;v3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This variable defines a message to display if the CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE is</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># missing.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MISSING_CLIENT_SECRETS_MESSAGE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WARNING: Please configure OAuth 2.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">To make this sample run you will need to populate the client_secrets.json file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">found at:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">with information from the API Console</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://console.developers.google.com/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">For more information about the client_secrets.json file format, please visit:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/guide/aaa_client_secrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__file__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                   </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;public&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;private&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;unlisted&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_authenticated_service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(args):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  flow </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> flow_from_clientsecrets(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">scope</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_UPLOAD_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">message</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MISSING_CLIENT_SECRETS_MESSAGE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  storage </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Storage(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">-oauth2.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  credentials </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> storage.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> credentials </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">or</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> credentials.invalid:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    credentials </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> run_flow(flow, storage, args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> build(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_API_SERVICE_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">YOUTUBE_API_VERSION</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">http</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http()))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">initialize_upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(youtube, options):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  tags </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> options.keywords:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    tags </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> options.keywords.split(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">snippet</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">title</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">options.title,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">description</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">options.description,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">tags</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">tags,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">categoryId</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">options.category</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">status</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">dict</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">privacyStatus</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">options.privacyStatus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Call the API&#39;s videos.insert method to create and upload the video.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  insert_request </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> youtube.videos().insert(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">part</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.join(body.keys()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">body,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The chunksize parameter specifies the size of each chunk of data, in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># bytes, that will be uploaded at a time. Set a higher value for</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># reliable connections as fewer chunks lead to faster uploads. Set a lower</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># value for better recovery on less reliable connections.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Setting &quot;chunksize&quot; equal to -1 in the code below means that the entire</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># file will be uploaded in a single HTTP request. (If the upload fails,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># it will still be retried where it left off.) This is usually a best</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># practice, but if you&#39;re using Python older than 2.6 or if you&#39;re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># running on App Engine, you should set the chunksize to something like</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1024 * 1024 (1 megabyte).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">media_body</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">MediaFileUpload(options.file, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">chunksize</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=-</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">resumable</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  resumable_upload(insert_request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This method implements an exponential backoff strategy to resume a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># failed upload.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">resumable_upload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(insert_request):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  retry </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">while</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Uploading file...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      status, response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> insert_request.next_chunk()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video id &#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39; was successfully uploaded.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;The upload failed with an unexpected response: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HttpError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e.resp.status </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;A retriable HTTP error </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> occurred:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.resp.status,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                                                             e.content)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">raise</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">RETRIABLE_EXCEPTIONS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;A retriable error occurred: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">is</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(error)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      retry </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> retry </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">MAX_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;No longer attempting to retry.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      max_sleep </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">**</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> retry</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      sleep_seconds </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> random.random() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> max_sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Sleeping </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%f</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> seconds and then retrying...&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sleep_seconds)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      time.sleep(sleep_seconds)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--file&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">required</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video file to upload&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">default</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Test Title&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--description&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video description&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">default</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Test Description&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--category&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">default</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;22&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Numeric video category. &quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;See https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/docs/videoCategories/list&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--keywords&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video keywords, comma separated&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">default</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--privacyStatus&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">choices</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">default</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">help</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Video privacy status.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  args </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> argparser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">not</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> os.path.exists(args.file):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">exit</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Please specify a valid file using the --file= parameter.&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  youtube </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> get_authenticated_service(args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    initialize_upload(youtube, args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HttpError </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;An HTTP error </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> occurred:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (e.resp.status, e.content))</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/usr/bin/python</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> httplib2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> random</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sys</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> time</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> apiclient.discovery </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> build</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> apiclient.errors </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HttpError</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> apiclient.http </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> MediaFileUpload</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oauth2client.client </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> flow_from_clientsecrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oauth2client.file </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Storage</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> oauth2client.tools </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparser, run_flow</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Explicitly tell the underlying HTTP transport library not to retry, since</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># we are handling retry logic ourselves.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">httplib2.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RETRIES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Maximum number of times to retry before giving up.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">MAX_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Always retry when these exceptions are raised.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">RETRIABLE_EXCEPTIONS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (httplib2.HttpLib2Error, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">IOError</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Always retry when an apiclient.errors.HttpError with one of these status</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># codes is raised.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">500</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">502</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">503</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">504</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE variable specifies the name of a file that contains</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># the OAuth 2.0 information for this application, including its client_id and</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># client_secret. You can acquire an OAuth 2.0 client ID and client secret from</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># the Google API Console at</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># https://console.developers.google.com/.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Please ensure that you have enabled the YouTube Data API for your project.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># For more information about using OAuth2 to access the YouTube Data API, see:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/guides/authentication</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># For more information about the client_secrets.json file format, see:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#   https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/guide/aaa_client_secrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;client_secrets.json&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This OAuth 2.0 access scope allows an application to upload files to the</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># authenticated user&#39;s YouTube channel, but doesn&#39;t allow other types of access.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_UPLOAD_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://www.googleapis.com/auth/youtube.upload&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_API_SERVICE_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;youtube&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_API_VERSION</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;v3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This variable defines a message to display if the CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE is</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># missing.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">MISSING_CLIENT_SECRETS_MESSAGE</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">WARNING: Please configure OAuth 2.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">To make this sample run you will need to populate the client_secrets.json file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">found at:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">with information from the API Console</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">https://console.developers.google.com/</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">For more information about the client_secrets.json file format, please visit:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/guide/aaa_client_secrets</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__file__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                   </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;public&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;private&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;unlisted&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_authenticated_service</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(args):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  flow </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> flow_from_clientsecrets(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">scope</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_UPLOAD_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">message</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MISSING_CLIENT_SECRETS_MESSAGE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  storage </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Storage(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">-oauth2.json&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sys.argv[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  credentials </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> storage.get()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> credentials </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">or</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> credentials.invalid:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    credentials </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> run_flow(flow, storage, args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> build(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_API_SERVICE_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">YOUTUBE_API_VERSION</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">http</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http()))</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">initialize_upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(youtube, options):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  tags </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> options.keywords:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    tags </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> options.keywords.split(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">snippet</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#E36209;">title</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">options.title,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#E36209;">description</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">options.description,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#E36209;">tags</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">tags,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#E36209;">categoryId</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">options.category</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">status</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">dict</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#E36209;">privacyStatus</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">options.privacyStatus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    )</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Call the API&#39;s videos.insert method to create and upload the video.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  insert_request </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> youtube.videos().insert(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">part</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.join(body.keys()),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">body,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The chunksize parameter specifies the size of each chunk of data, in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># bytes, that will be uploaded at a time. Set a higher value for</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># reliable connections as fewer chunks lead to faster uploads. Set a lower</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># value for better recovery on less reliable connections.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Setting &quot;chunksize&quot; equal to -1 in the code below means that the entire</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># file will be uploaded in a single HTTP request. (If the upload fails,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># it will still be retried where it left off.) This is usually a best</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># practice, but if you&#39;re using Python older than 2.6 or if you&#39;re</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># running on App Engine, you should set the chunksize to something like</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1024 * 1024 (1 megabyte).</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">media_body</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">MediaFileUpload(options.file, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">chunksize</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=-</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">resumable</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  )</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  resumable_upload(insert_request)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># This method implements an exponential backoff strategy to resume a</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># failed upload.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">resumable_upload</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(insert_request):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  retry </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">while</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Uploading file...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      status, response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> insert_request.next_chunk()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video id &#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39; was successfully uploaded.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;The upload failed with an unexpected response: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> response)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HttpError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e.resp.status </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;A retriable HTTP error </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> occurred:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.resp.status,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                                                             e.content)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">raise</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">RETRIABLE_EXCEPTIONS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;A retriable error occurred: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">is</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">None</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(error)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      retry </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> retry </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">MAX_RETRIES</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;No longer attempting to retry.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      max_sleep </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">**</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> retry</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      sleep_seconds </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> random.random() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> max_sleep</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Sleeping </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%f</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> seconds and then retrying...&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sleep_seconds)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      time.sleep(sleep_seconds)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--file&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">required</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">True</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video file to upload&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">default</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Test Title&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--description&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video description&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">default</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Test Description&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--category&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">default</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;22&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Numeric video category. &quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;See https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/docs/videoCategories/list&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--keywords&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video keywords, comma separated&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">default</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  argparser.add_argument(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--privacyStatus&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">choices</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#E36209;">default</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">VALID_PRIVACY_STATUSES</span><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], </span><span style="color:#E36209;">help</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Video privacy status.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  args </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> argparser.parse_args()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">not</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> os.path.exists(args.file):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">exit</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Please specify a valid file using the --file= parameter.&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  youtube </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> get_authenticated_service(args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    initialize_upload(youtube, args)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HttpError </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;An HTTP error </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%d</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> occurred:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (e.resp.status, e.content))</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/others/youtube-upload.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f 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data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="使用pandas模块进行数据处理" tabindex="-1">使用pandas模块进行数据处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用pandas模块进行数据处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用pandas模块进行数据处理&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p>以csv/txt文件为例</p></blockquote><h2 id="读取文件" tabindex="-1">读取文件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#读取文件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;读取文件&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>pd.read_csv()</code>：返回一个DataFrame或TextFileReader</p><ul><li><p>header指定具体表头行数,如果没有则header=None，第一行是表头则header=0,header还可以是一个列表例如header=[0,1,3],此时会有多个标题，且1和3之间的行会被忽略掉</p></li><li><p>seq指定分割符，默认为&#39;,&#39;</p></li><li><p>skiprows跳过某一行，行号从0开始，例如skiprows=2或skiprows=[0,1,200]</p></li><li><p>nrows指定需要读取的行数，从第一行开始,例如nrows=1000</p></li><li><p>na_values空值置换,会把指定的值替换为空值例如na_values=[&#39;\N&#39;, 15]会把字符串\N和数字15替换为空值NaN</p><ul><li>如果na_values的参数是一个字典，那就可以为具体的列来指定缺失值的样子。我们就可以指定在Age这一列，0要被看成缺失值；在Comment这一列，“该用户没有评价”被看成缺失值。<code>na_values={&#39;Age&#39;:0,&#39;Comment&#39;:&#39;该用户没有评价&#39;}</code></li></ul></li><li><p>iterator: True时返回一个TextFileReader，用于大文件处理，可以逐块处理文件</p></li><li><p>chunksize：指定文件块大小，返回一个TextFileReader</p></li><li><p>encoding：指定编码</p></li><li><p>index_col：读取时指定索引列，和df.set_index效果相同</p></li><li><p>names：文件中没有表头，手动指定表头，需要和header配合使用</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>names和header的使用场景主要如下：</p><ol><li>csv文件有表头并且是第一行，那么names和header都无需指定;</li><li>csv文件有表头、但表头不是第一行，可能从下面几行开始才是真正的表头和数据，这个时候指定header即可;</li><li>csv文件没有表头，全部是纯数据，那么我们可以通过names手动生成表头;</li><li>csv文件有表头、但是这个表头你不想用，这个时候同时指定names和header。先用header选出表头和数据，然后再用names将表头替换掉，其实就等价于将数据读取进来之后再对列名进行rename;</li></ol></blockquote><h2 id="数据相关概念" tabindex="-1">数据相关概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据相关概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据相关概念&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="dataframe" tabindex="-1">DataFrame <a class="header-anchor" href="#dataframe" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DataFrame&quot;">​</a></h3><p>多行多列的二维数组、整个表格、多行多列</p><h3 id="series" tabindex="-1">Series <a class="header-anchor" href="#series" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Series&quot;">​</a></h3><p>一维数据、一行或一列</p><h3 id="index" tabindex="-1">index <a class="header-anchor" href="#index" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;index&quot;">​</a></h3><p>对应纵向上的行</p><blockquote><p>替换索引为某一列的值：df.set_index(&#39;xxx&#39;, inplace=True)</p></blockquote><h3 id="columns" tabindex="-1">columns <a class="header-anchor" href="#columns" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;columns&quot;">​</a></h3><p>对应横向上的列</p><h2 id="查询数据" tabindex="-1">查询数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查询数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查询数据&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="几种方法" tabindex="-1">几种方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#几种方法" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;几种方法&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>df.loc，根据行、列的标签值查询（既能查询又能覆盖写入）</p><ul><li><p>行根据行标签，也就是索引筛选，列根据列标签，列名筛选</p></li><li><p>如果选取的是所有行或者所有列，可以用：代替</p></li><li><p>行标签选取的时候，两端都包含，比如[0:5]指的是0，1，2，3，4，5</p></li></ul></li><li><p>df.iloc，根据行、列的数字位置查询</p><ul><li><p>iloc基于位置索引，简言之，就是第几行第几列，只不过这里的<strong>行列都是从0开始</strong>的。</p></li><li><p>iloc的0：X中不包括X，只能到X-1.</p></li></ul></li><li><p>df.where</p></li><li><p>df.query</p></li></ol><h3 id="df-loc" tabindex="-1">df.loc <a class="header-anchor" href="#df-loc" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;df.loc&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>使用单个label值查询</p><ul><li><p>查找并替换某一列的值&amp;转换数据类型：df.loc[:, &#39;x&#39;] = df[&#39;x&#39;].str.replace(&#39;X&#39;,&#39;&#39;).astype(&#39;int32&#39;)</p></li><li><p>查询单个值：df.loc[&#39;index&#39;, &#39;column&#39;]</p></li><li><p>得到一个Series：df.loc[&#39;index&#39;, [&#39;column1&#39;, &#39;column2&#39;]]</p></li></ul></li><li><p>使用值列表批量查询</p><ul><li>得到一个Series：df.loc([&#39;index1&#39;, &#39;index2&#39;, &#39;index3&#39;], &#39;column1&#39;)</li><li>得到DataFrame：df.loc([&#39;index1&#39;, &#39;index2&#39;, &#39;index3&#39;], [&#39;column1&#39;, &#39;column2&#39;])</li></ul></li><li><p>使用数值区间进行范围查询（包含区间的开始和结尾）</p><ul><li>行index按区间：df.loc[1:2, &#39;colum1&#39;]</li><li>列index按区间：df.loc[1, &#39;column1&#39;: &#39;column2&#39;]</li><li>行列都按区间：df.loc[1:2, &#39;column1&#39;: &#39;column2&#39;]</li></ul></li><li><p>使用条件表达式查询</p><ul><li>简单条件查询，年龄小于18：df.loc[df[&#39;age&#39;] &lt; 18, :]</li><li>复杂条件查询，年龄小于18且姓名为张三：df.loc[(df[&#39;age&#39;] &lt; 18) &amp; (df[&#39;name&#39;] == &#39;张三&#39;), :]</li></ul></li><li><p>调用函数查询</p><ul><li><p>lambda表达式：df.loc[lambda df: df[&#39;age&#39;] &gt; 18, :]</p></li><li><p>调用函数：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">query_adult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> df[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">df.loc[query_adult, :]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">query_adult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> df[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">df.loc[query_adult, :]</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="新增数据列" tabindex="-1">新增数据列 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新增数据列" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新增数据列&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="几种方法-1" tabindex="-1">几种方法 <a class="header-anchor" href="#几种方法-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;几种方法&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>直接赋值</p><ul><li>df.loc[:, &#39;newAge&#39;] = df[&#39;age&#39;] + 1</li></ul></li><li><p>df.apply</p><ul><li><p>apply赋值 基于 0-&#39;index&#39; 1-&#39;columns&#39; 操作跨行/跨列</p></li><li><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_is_adult</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(x):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> x[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;成年&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;未成年&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">df.loc[:, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;isAdult&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> df.apply(get_is_adult, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">axis</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_is_adult</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(x):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> x[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;成年&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;未成年&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">df.loc[:, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;isAdult&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> df.apply(get_is_adult, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">axis</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></li></ul></li><li><p>df.assign</p><ul><li>assign添加一列：返回一个新的DataFrame，存在的列会被覆盖，如果参数是callable只能直接操作DataFrame，如果不是callable则直接赋值</li><li>df = df.assign(newAge=lambda x: x[&#39;age&#39;] + 1)</li></ul></li><li><p>按条件选择分组并分别赋值</p><ul><li>df.loc[df[&#39;highTemp&#39;] - df[&#39;lowTemp&#39;] &gt; 10, &#39;tempDiff&#39;] = &#39;温差大&#39;</li><li>df.loc[df[&#39;highTemp&#39;] - df[&#39;lowTemp&#39;] &lt;= 10, &#39;tempDiff&#39;] = &#39;温差小&#39;</li></ul><blockquote><p>按字段分组查看数量： df[&#39;tempDiff&#39;].value_counts()</p></blockquote></li></ol><h2 id="数据合并" tabindex="-1">数据合并 <a class="header-anchor" href="#数据合并" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;数据合并&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language- vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang"></span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">df_list = [df]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">df2 = pd.concat(df_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">if not os.path.exists(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    df2.to_csv(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;, mode=&#39;a&#39;, index=False, header=True)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">else:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">    df2.to_csv(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;, mode=&#39;a&#39;, index=False, header=False)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">df_list = [df]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">df2 = pd.concat(df_list)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">if not os.path.exists(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    df2.to_csv(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;, mode=&#39;a&#39;, index=False, header=True)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">else:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">    df2.to_csv(&#39;../resources/data1.csv&#39;, mode=&#39;a&#39;, index=False, header=False)</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="axis参数" tabindex="-1">axis参数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#axis参数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;axis参数&quot;">​</a></h2><p>pandas的axis参数：指的是跨该axis，例如指定columns 则是跨列，也就是沿着列名水平方向执行</p><ul><li><p>跨列操作：在横向上遍历每行，对每行的数据进行操作</p></li><li><p>跨行操作：在水平方向遍历每列，对每列数据进行操作</p></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/others/使用pandas模块进行数据处理.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="切换windows代理设置开关" tabindex="-1">切换windows代理设置开关 <a class="header-anchor" href="#切换windows代理设置开关" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;切换windows代理设置开关&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> winreg</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> winreg.OpenKey(winreg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">r</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">Software</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\M</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">icrosoft</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\W</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">indows</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\C</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">urrentVersion</span><span style="color:#85E89D;font-weight:bold;">\I</span><span style="color:#DBEDFF;">nternet Settings</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, winreg.</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">KEY_ALL_ACCESS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">name </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ProxyEnable&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">toggle_proxy</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    _, reg_type </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> get_key()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    winreg.SetValueEx(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, name, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, reg_type, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> _ </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">get_key</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> winreg.QueryValueEx(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">toggle_proxy()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> winreg</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> winreg.OpenKey(winreg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">r</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;Software</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\M</span><span style="color:#032F62;">icrosoft</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\W</span><span style="color:#032F62;">indows</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\C</span><span style="color:#032F62;">urrentVersion</span><span style="color:#22863A;font-weight:bold;">\I</span><span style="color:#032F62;">nternet Settings&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, winreg.</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">KEY_ALL_ACCESS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">name </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ProxyEnable&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">toggle_proxy</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    _, reg_type </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> get_key()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    winreg.SetValueEx(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, name, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, reg_type, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> _ </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">get_key</span><span style="color:#24292E;">():</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> winreg.QueryValueEx(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">INTERNET_SETTINGS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,name)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">toggle_proxy()</span></span></code></pre></div><p><a href="https://github.com/storyxc/toggle_proxy/releases/download/windows/toggle_proxy.exe" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">windows下可执行文件下载点我</a></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/others/切换windows代理设置开关.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/others/argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>argparse模块入门</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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href="/python/others/Alfred%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6-%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>Alfred插件-快速使用编辑器打开指定文件</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>youtube-upload</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f 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_python_others_%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96excel&amp;ssh%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5rds%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="读取excel-使用ssh通道连接rds更新数据" tabindex="-1">读取excel &amp; 使用ssh通道连接rds更新数据 <a class="header-anchor" href="#读取excel-使用ssh通道连接rds更新数据" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;读取excel &amp; 使用ssh通道连接rds更新数据&quot;">​</a></h1><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sshtunnel </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SSHTunnelForwarder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.cursors</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xlrd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">querySQL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(ssh_config, db_config, sql):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> SSHTunnelForwarder(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            (ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ssh_password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">ssh_username</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">remote_bind_address</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(db_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">], db_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> server:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        db </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">server.local_bind_port,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">passwd</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">db</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;db_name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">charset</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">cursorclass</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> db.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cursor.fetchone()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            db.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            db.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        db.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cursor.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ExcelData</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__init__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, data_path, sheetname):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data_path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data_path  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># excle表格路径，需传入绝对路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.sheetname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> sheetname  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># excle表格内sheet名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> xlrd.open_workbook(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data_path)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 打开excel表格</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.table </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.data.sheet_by_name(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.sheetname)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 切换到相应sheet</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.keys </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.table.row_values(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第一行作为key值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rowNum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.table.nrows  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取表格行数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.colNum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.table.ncols  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取表格列数</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">readExcel</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rowNum </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;excle内数据行数小于2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">else</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            L </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表L存放取出的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> i </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.rowNum):  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 从第二行（数据行）开始取数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sheet_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {}  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个字典用来存放对应数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> j </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">range</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.colNum):  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># j对应列值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                    sheet_data[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.keys[j]] </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.table.row_values(i)[j]  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 把第i行第j列的值取出赋给第j列的键值，构成字典</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                L.append(sheet_data)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 一行值取完之后（一个字典），追加到L列表中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(type(L))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> L</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 远程登录配置信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ssh_config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">22</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 数据库配置信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    db_config </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;db_name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    sheetname </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    get_data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ExcelData(path, sheetname)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    dataList </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> get_data.readExcel()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    process_result </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">open</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;./res.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">for</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> dataList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查询语句</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                sql </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查询</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> querySQL(ssh_config, db_config, sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                update_sql </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                f.write(update_sql </span><span style="color:#F97583;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\n</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                error </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;... 处理失败&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">                process_result.append(error)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(process_result)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sshtunnel </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SSHTunnelForwarder</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.cursors</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xlrd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">querySQL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(ssh_config, db_config, sql):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> SSHTunnelForwarder(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            (ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ssh_password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">ssh_username</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">ssh_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">remote_bind_address</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(db_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">], db_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">])</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> server:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        db </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">server.local_bind_port,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">passwd</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">db</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">db_config[</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;db_name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">],</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">charset</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#E36209;">cursorclass</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> db.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cursor.fetchone()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            db.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            db.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        db.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cursor.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ExcelData</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__init__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, data_path, sheetname):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data_path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data_path  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># excle表格路径，需传入绝对路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.sheetname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> sheetname  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># excle表格内sheet名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> xlrd.open_workbook(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data_path)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 打开excel表格</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.table </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.data.sheet_by_name(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.sheetname)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 切换到相应sheet</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.keys </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.table.row_values(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 第一行作为key值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rowNum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.table.nrows  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取表格行数</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.colNum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.table.ncols  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 获取表格列数</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">readExcel</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rowNum </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;excle内数据行数小于2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">else</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            L </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 列表L存放取出的数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> i </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.rowNum):  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 从第二行（数据行）开始取数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sheet_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {}  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 定义一个字典用来存放对应数据</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> j </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">range</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.colNum):  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># j对应列值</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                    sheet_data[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.keys[j]] </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.table.row_values(i)[j]  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 把第i行第j列的值取出赋给第j列的键值，构成字典</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                L.append(sheet_data)  </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 一行值取完之后（一个字典），追加到L列表中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(type(L))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> L</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 远程登录配置信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ssh_config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">22</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 数据库配置信息</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    db_config </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;host&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;port&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;username&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;password&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;db_name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    sheetname </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    get_data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ExcelData(path, sheetname)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    dataList </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> get_data.readExcel()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    process_result </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> []</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">open</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;./res.txt&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;w&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">) </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> f:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">for</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> data </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> dataList:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查询语句</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                sql </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查询</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> querySQL(ssh_config, db_config, sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                update_sql </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                f.write(update_sql </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\n</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># print(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                error </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;... 处理失败&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">                process_result.append(error)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(process_result)</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/others/读取excel&amp;ssh通道连接rds更新数据.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/others/youtube-upload.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>youtube-upload</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>读取excel&ssh通道连接rds更新数据</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/python/others/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8pandas%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>使用pandas模块进行数据处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_web_Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="django入门" tabindex="-1">Django入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#django入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Django入门&quot;">​</a></h1><p>Django 是一个由 Python 编写的一个开放源代码的 Web 应用框架。</p><p>使用 Django，只要很少的代码，Python 的程序开发人员就可以轻松地完成一个正式网站所需要的大部分内容，并进一步开发出全功能的 Web 服务 Django 本身基于 MVC 模型，即 Model（模型）+ View（视图）+ Controller（控制器）设计模式，MVC 模式使后续对程序的修改和扩展简化，并且使程序某一部分的重复利用成为可能。</p><p>MVC 优势：</p><ul><li>低耦合</li><li>开发快捷</li><li>部署方便</li><li>可重用性高</li><li>维护成本低</li></ul><h2 id="mtv模型" tabindex="-1">MTV模型 <a class="header-anchor" href="#mtv模型" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;MTV模型&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Django 采用了 MVT 的软件设计模式，即模型（Model），视图（View）和模板（Template）。</p><p>Django 的 MTV 模式本质上和 MVC 是一样的，也是为了各组件间保持松耦合关系，只是定义上有些许不同，Django 的 MTV 分别是指：</p><ul><li>M 表示模型（Model）：编写程序应有的功能，负责业务对象与数据库的映射(ORM)。</li><li>T 表示模板 (Template)：负责如何把页面(html)展示给用户。</li><li>V 表示视图（View）：负责业务逻辑，并在适当时候调用 Model和 Template。</li></ul><p>除了以上三层之外，还需要一个 URL 分发器，它的作用是将一个个 URL 的页面请求分发给不同的 View 处理，View 再调用相应的 Model 和 Template，MTV 的响应模式如下所示：</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//MTV-Diagram.png" alt="img"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//1589777036-2760-fs1oSv4dOWAwC5yW.png" alt="img"></p><p><strong>解析：</strong></p><p>用户通过浏览器向我们的服务器发起一个请求(request)，这个请求会去访问视图函数：</p><ul><li>a.如果不涉及到数据调用，那么这个时候视图函数直接返回一个模板也就是一个网页给用户。</li><li>b.如果涉及到数据调用，那么视图函数调用模型，模型去数据库查找数据，然后逐级返回。</li></ul><p>视图函数把返回的数据填充到模板中空格中，最后返回网页给用户。</p><h2 id="django安装与使用" tabindex="-1">Django安装与使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#django安装与使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Django安装与使用&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>安装：<code>pip install Django</code></p></li><li><p>创建Django项目：</p><ul><li>命令行创建<code>django-admin startproject 项目名称</code></li><li>pycharm创建</li></ul></li><li><p>项目结构</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210430001401906.png" alt="image-20210430001401906"></p><ul><li>settings.py —- 包含了项目的默认设置，包括数据库信息，调试标志以及其他一些工作的变量。</li><li>urls.py —– 负责把URL模式映射到应用程序。</li><li>manage.py —– Django项目里面的工具，通过它可以调用django shell和数据库等。</li><li>asgi.py: 一个 ASGI 兼容的 Web 服务器的入口，以便运行你的项目。</li><li>wsgi.py: 一个 WSGI 兼容的 Web 服务器的入口，以便运行你的项目。</li></ul></li><li><p>启动：<code>python manage.py runserver 8001</code></p><ul><li>访问localhost:8001</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210430001707060.png" alt="image-20210430001707060"></p></li></ul><h2 id="路由控制" tabindex="-1">路由控制 <a class="header-anchor" href="#路由控制" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;路由控制&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># django的1.x和2.x不同</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1.x ： url(正则表达式，views视图函数，参数，别名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 2.x : path,re_path(原来的url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> django.contrib </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> admin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> django.urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> path</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">urlpatterns </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;admin/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, admin.site.urls),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># django的1.x和2.x不同</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 1.x ： url(正则表达式，views视图函数，参数，别名)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 2.x : path,re_path(原来的url)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> django.contrib </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> admin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> django.urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> path</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">urlpatterns </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;admin/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, admin.site.urls),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="示例" tabindex="-1">示例： <a class="header-anchor" href="#示例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;示例：&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> django.contrib </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> admin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> django.urls </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> storyxc.views </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> index</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">urlpatterns </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;admin/&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, admin.site.urls),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    path(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,index,{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;param&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;story&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> django.contrib </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> admin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> django.urls </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> path</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> storyxc.views </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> index</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">urlpatterns </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;admin/&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, admin.site.urls),</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    path(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,index,{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;param&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;story&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">})</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="views-py" tabindex="-1">views.py: <a class="header-anchor" href="#views-py" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;views.py:&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">from</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> django.shortcuts </span><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HttpResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">index</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(request,param):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(param)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> HttpResponse(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;ok&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">from</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> django.shortcuts </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HttpResponse</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">index</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(request,param):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(param)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> HttpResponse(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;ok&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div><p>启动应用后访问localhost:8000</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210430003356198.png" alt="image-20210430003356198"></p><p>控制台：</p><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Apr</span><span style="color:#F97583;">/</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2021</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">00</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">31</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">21</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;GET / HTTP/1.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">200</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">story</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">30</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#24292E;">Apr</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">/</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2021</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">00</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">31</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">21</span><span style="color:#24292E;">] </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;GET / HTTP/1.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">200</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">story</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="创建app" tabindex="-1">创建app <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建app" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建app&quot;">​</a></h2><p><code>python3 manage.py startapp demo</code></p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">djangoProject</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">demo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">admin.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apps.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">migrations</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">models.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tests.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">views.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">djangoProject</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">__pycache__</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">__init__.cpython-311.pyc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">settings.cpython-311.pyc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">asgi.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">settings.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">urls.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">│  </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">wsgi.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">├──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">manage.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">└──</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">templates</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">djangoProject</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">demo</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">admin.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apps.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">migrations</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">models.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tests.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">views.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">djangoProject</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">__init__.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">__pycache__</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">__init__.cpython-311.pyc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">settings.cpython-311.pyc</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">asgi.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">settings.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">urls.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">│  </span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">wsgi.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">├──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">manage.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">└──</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">templates</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="注册app" tabindex="-1">注册app <a class="header-anchor" href="#注册app" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;注册app&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># djangoProject/settings.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Application definition</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">INSTALLED_APPS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.admin&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.auth&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.contenttypes&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.sessions&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.messages&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;django.contrib.staticfiles&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新增注册app</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;demo.apps.DemoConfig&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 可以配置可访问域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">ALLOWED_HOSTS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.2.2&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># djangoProject/settings.py</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Application definition</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">INSTALLED_APPS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.admin&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.auth&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.contenttypes&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.sessions&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.messages&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;django.contrib.staticfiles&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新增注册app</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;demo.apps.DemoConfig&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 可以配置可访问域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">ALLOWED_HOSTS</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.2.2&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/web/Django入门.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/crawler/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BA%A2%E4%B9%A6%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>小红书爬虫</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/web/pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>pymysql使用</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _python_web_pymysql%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="pymysql使用" tabindex="-1">pymysql使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pymysql使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pymysql使用&quot;">​</a></h1><ul><li>安装pymysql</li><li>建立数据库连接</li><li>获取cursor对象</li><li>使用cursor执行sql</li><li>增删改-commit/rollback 查询-fetch</li><li>关闭数据库连接</li></ul><h2 id="案例" tabindex="-1">案例 <a class="header-anchor" href="#案例" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;案例&quot;">​</a></h2><p>安装:<code>pip install pymysql</code></p><p>代码:</p><h3 id="查询" tabindex="-1">查询 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查询" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查询&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> connection.cursor(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">cursor</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;select * from tb_student&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(cursor.fetchall())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[{</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}, {</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;rose&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">17</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}]</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> connection.cursor(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">cursor</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;select * from tb_student&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(cursor.fetchall())</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">res:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[{</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;tom&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}, {</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;id&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">2</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;name&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;rose&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;age&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">17</span><span style="color:#24292E;">}]</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="修改" tabindex="-1">修改 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;update tb_student set name = &quot;jack&quot; where id = 1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;update tb_student set name = &quot;jack&quot; where id = 1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210429231158834.png" alt="image-20210429231158834"></p><h3 id="删除" tabindex="-1">删除 <a class="header-anchor" href="#删除" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;删除&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;delete from tb_student where id = 2&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    connection.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;delete from tb_student where id = 2&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    connection.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210429231506901.png" alt="image-20210429231506901"></p><h3 id="新增" tabindex="-1">新增 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新增" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新增&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 方式1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;insert into tb_student(name,age) values(&quot;mike&quot;,20)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 方式2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;insert into tb_student(name,age) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">%s</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">)&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">%</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;mike&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">,</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">21</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">Exception</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    connection.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> connection.cursor()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 方式1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;insert into tb_student(name,age) values(&quot;mike&quot;,20)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 方式2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    cursor.execute(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;insert into tb_student(name,age) values(&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">%s</span><span style="color:#032F62;">)&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">%</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> (</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;mike&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">,</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">21</span><span style="color:#24292E;">))</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    connection.commit()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">Exception</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> e:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    connection.rollback()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">connection.close()</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog//image-20210429232050677.png" alt="image-20210429232050677"></p><h2 id="通过上下文管理器自定义mysql类" tabindex="-1">通过上下文管理器自定义Mysql类 <a class="header-anchor" href="#通过上下文管理器自定义mysql类" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;通过上下文管理器自定义Mysql类&quot;">​</a></h2><div class="language-python vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">python</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">import</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">class</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">object</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">host</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">port</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">3306</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">user</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">password</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">database</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">def</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">self</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.connection.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">if</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">==</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">with</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#F97583;">as</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        cursor </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">try</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            sql </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;select * from tb_student&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            res </span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> cursor.fetchall()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#F97583;">except</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;error&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">import</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">class</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Mysql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">object</span><span style="color:#24292E;">):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__enter__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> pymysql.connect(</span><span style="color:#E36209;">host</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">port</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">3306</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">user</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">password</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;root&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#E36209;">database</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;python&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">def</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__exit__</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">self</span><span style="color:#24292E;">.connection.close()</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">if</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">__name__</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">==</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">with</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> Mysql() </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">as</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        cursor </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">try</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            sql </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;select * from tb_student&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            cursor.execute(sql)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            res </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> cursor.fetchall()</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(res)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">except</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">            </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">print</span><span style="color:#24292E;">(</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;error&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/python/web/pymysql使用.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/python/web/Django%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>Django入门</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/python/others/argparse%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>argparse模块入门</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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tabindex="-1">frp内网穿透 <a class="header-anchor" href="#frp内网穿透" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;frp内网穿透&quot;">​</a></h1><p>家庭服务器由于是移动宽带（大内网），没有办法申请公网ip，这样不在家的时候就无法进行服务器管理了。如果有公网ip，可以使用ddns，也可以用花生壳这类内网穿透工具。或者自己有一台有公网ip的云主机，可以通过frp应用来实现内网穿透。frp仓库地址：<code>https://github.com/fatedier/frp</code></p><h2 id="frp使用" tabindex="-1">frp使用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#frp使用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;frp使用&quot;">​</a></h2><p>具体使用可以查看<a href="https://gofrp.org/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">frp使用文档</a>，这里介绍下我用的场景：带sk校验的安全的ssh连接</p><p>在云主机上部署fprs，配置如下：</p><div class="language-ini vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ini</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">bind_addr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 0.0.0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">bind_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">token</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = xxx</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">bind_addr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 0.0.0.0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">bind_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">token</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = xxx</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/systemd/system/frps.service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Description=frps</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ExecStart=/usr/bin/frps -c /etc/frps/frps.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/systemd/system/frps.service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Description=frps</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">ExecStart=/usr/bin/frps -c /etc/frps/frps.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>在需要暴露到内网的机器A上部署 frpc，配置如下：</li></ul><div class="language-ini vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ini</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server_addr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = x.x.x.x</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">token</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[ssh]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = tcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">local_ip</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">local_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 22</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">remote_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 6001</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[secret_ssh]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = stcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只有 sk 一致的用户才能访问到此服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">sk</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = abcdefg</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">local_ip</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">local_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 22</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server_addr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = x.x.x.x</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">token</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[ssh]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = tcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">local_ip</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">local_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 22</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">remote_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 6001</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[secret_ssh]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = stcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 只有 sk 一致的用户才能访问到此服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">sk</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = abcdefg</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">local_ip</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">local_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 22</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在需要访问内网的机器上执行命令连接内网服务，例如用户为root</p><p><code>ssh -oPort=6001 root@x.x.x.x</code></p><ul><li>在需要访问内网的机器B上部署frpc，配置如下：</li></ul><div class="language-ini vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ini</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server_addr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = x.x.x.x</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">token</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">[secret_ssh_visitor]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">type</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = stcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># stcp 的访问者</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">role</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = visitor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 要访问的 stcp 代理的名字</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = secret_ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">sk</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = abcdefg</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 绑定本地端口用于访问 SSH 服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">bind_addr</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">bind_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> = 6000</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[common]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server_addr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = x.x.x.x</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 7000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">token</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">[secret_ssh_visitor]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">type</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = stcp</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># stcp 的访问者</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">role</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = visitor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 要访问的 stcp 代理的名字</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = secret_ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">sk</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = abcdefg</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 绑定本地端口用于访问 SSH 服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">bind_addr</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 127.0.0.1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">bind_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> = 6000</span></span></code></pre></div><p>在需要访问内网的机器上执行命令连接内网服务，例如用户为root</p><p><code>ssh -oPort 6000 root@127.0.0.1</code></p><p>如果内网机器开启了密钥登录，则需要指定内网服务器的私钥文件</p><p><code>ssh -oPort 6000 -i identityFile root@127.0.0.1</code></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/tinker/network/frp内网穿透.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/tinker/network/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8home%20server%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>家庭服务器home server搭建</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/tinker/network/openwrt%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E5%8F%8A%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>openwrt安装及配置</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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id="openwrt安装及配置" tabindex="-1">openwrt安装及配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#openwrt安装及配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;openwrt安装及配置&quot;">​</a></h1><p>趁着五一假期把家用服务器装好跑起来了，另外还买了一台J4125工控机来做软路由。工控机的机器今天刚到，下午反复折腾了pve虚拟机安装openwrt和物理机直接安装，目前是用物理机装好配置完毕了，但是看了一眼这监控数据，总感觉有点浪费性能。所以这篇文章写完我还是要换回pve安装（doge），剩下的性能折腾下其他虚拟机。</p><h2 id="物理机安装" tabindex="-1">物理机安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#物理机安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;物理机安装&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="下载需要的软件" tabindex="-1">下载需要的软件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#下载需要的软件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;下载需要的软件&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">1. pe工具箱</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2. openwrt编译好的镜像,我用的是esir的固件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">3. 刷写镜像的软件physdiskwrite.exe</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">1. pe工具箱</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2. openwrt编译好的镜像,我用的是esir的固件</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">3. 刷写镜像的软件physdiskwrite.exe</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="准备工作" tabindex="-1">准备工作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#准备工作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;准备工作&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">1. pe工具箱安装到U盘中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2. 把解压后的x86.img镜像文件和physdiskwrite.exe软件复制到U盘中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">3. 这时候已经可以拔掉硬路由器了，光猫lan口连软路由wan口（要问卖家哪个是wan口，我这个eth1是wan口），pc连软路由lan口（0、2、3),这是为了pc能跟软路由在同一个网段，如果不在则需要手动配置静态ip</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">1. pe工具箱安装到U盘中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2. 把解压后的x86.img镜像文件和physdiskwrite.exe软件复制到U盘中</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">3. 这时候已经可以拔掉硬路由器了，光猫lan口连软路由wan口（要问卖家哪个是wan口，我这个eth1是wan口），pc连软路由lan口（0、2、3),这是为了pc能跟软路由在同一个网段，如果不在则需要手动配置静态ip</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="安装流程" tabindex="-1">安装流程 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装流程" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装流程&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">1. u盘启动工控机</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">2. 用pe工具箱自带的diskgenius把装的硬盘格式化即可，注意这里不要进行分区，否则会写盘失败</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">3. 打开cmd窗口，执行命令 physdiskwrite.exe -u x86.img,这里可以直接用鼠标把程序拖到cmd窗口，会自动拼出完整路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">4. 根据终端输出选择要写入的硬盘，比如0是硬盘，1是u盘，就填0，enter即可开始写盘，等待写盘完毕即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">5. 扩容系统分区，使用diskgenius找到刚刚写入的硬盘，然后再选中上面灰色未使用的分区，右击菜单中选择 “将空间分配给” -&gt; “分区：未格式化(D:)”，然后确认即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">6. 写盘完毕，选择重启，这时候直接拔出U盘即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">7. 等待重启后，openwrt系统就已经成功启动了，如果不确定是否安装完，回车一下看看是否有lede的banner输出就行了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">8. openwrt一般ip为192.168.2.1（esir固件是5.1），这个可以看固件wiki或者自己ifconfig看一下</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">1. u盘启动工控机</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">2. 用pe工具箱自带的diskgenius把装的硬盘格式化即可，注意这里不要进行分区，否则会写盘失败</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">3. 打开cmd窗口，执行命令 physdiskwrite.exe -u x86.img,这里可以直接用鼠标把程序拖到cmd窗口，会自动拼出完整路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">4. 根据终端输出选择要写入的硬盘，比如0是硬盘，1是u盘，就填0，enter即可开始写盘，等待写盘完毕即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">5. 扩容系统分区，使用diskgenius找到刚刚写入的硬盘，然后再选中上面灰色未使用的分区，右击菜单中选择 “将空间分配给” -&gt; “分区：未格式化(D:)”，然后确认即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">6. 写盘完毕，选择重启，这时候直接拔出U盘即可</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">7. 等待重启后，openwrt系统就已经成功启动了，如果不确定是否安装完，回车一下看看是否有lede的banner输出就行了</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">8. openwrt一般ip为192.168.2.1（esir固件是5.1），这个可以看固件wiki或者自己ifconfig看一下</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="配置" tabindex="-1">配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="上网相关配置" tabindex="-1">上网相关配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#上网相关配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;上网相关配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li>编辑lan口</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503222750537.png" alt="image-20220503222750537"></p><ol start="2"><li>选择另外两个lan口，共三个lan口</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503221537487.png" alt="image-20220503221537487"></p><ol start="3"><li>开启强制dhcp服务</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503221601540.png" alt="image-20220503221601540"></p><ol start="4"><li>保存&amp;应用</li><li>配置软路由拨号，这之前需要先把光猫设为桥接模式，参考前一篇博客<code>移动光猫改桥接模式</code></li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503222634621.png" alt="image-20220503222634621"></p><p>选择PPPoE协议并切换，填上宽带账号密码保存&amp;应用即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503222905747.png" alt="image-20220503222905747"></p><h4 id="固定ip配置" tabindex="-1">固定ip配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#固定ip配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;固定ip配置&quot;">​</a></h4><ol><li>选择DHCP/DNS菜单，找到静态地址分配</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220503221716649.png" alt="image-20220503221716649"></p><p>可以根据设备mac地址，自定义主机名和ip，并设置租期，这里一般我们设置静态ip都是永久的，填<code>infinite</code>。保存&amp;应用，然后重启软路由即可。</p><blockquote><p>这里可能重启软路由和设备后也不会让静态ip配置生效，网上找到了一篇文章的分析，跟第一次获取的ip租期未到期有管，可以手动释放旧的租约，然后刷新租约。windows下<code>ipconfig /release</code> &amp; <code>ipconfig /renew</code>,linux下<code>dhclient -r</code> &amp; <code>dhclient -s 192.168.2.1</code></p><p>以下为原文：<a href="https://www.csdn.net/tags/NtjakgwsOTY3ODMtYmxvZwO0O0OO0O0O.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.csdn.net/tags/NtjakgwsOTY3ODMtYmxvZwO0O0OO0O0O.html</a></p><blockquote><p>我在使用 Openwrt 时手动分配了新的静态 IP 给我的电脑，但是在保存并应用后并没有立即生效，而且在我分别重启了电脑和路由器后仍然没有生效，为此我花了点时间找出了解决方法。</p><p>原因分析</p><p>在“DHCP/DNS-&gt;静态地址分配”中给电脑配置了静态地址不会立即生效，因为在此之前路由器已经通过 DHCP 分配了 IP 地址给电脑形成租约，在这个租约到期之前不会改变分配给电脑的 IP。通常我们在 Lan 中设置租约时间为 12h(小时)，也就意味着要在 12 小时后电脑才会获取到我们设置的静态 IP。</p><p>不过我们可以清空路由器上的旧租约，同时将电脑断网重连，以此来使电脑获得新 IP 地址。最简单的方法就是将路由器重启，既清空了旧租约，又使电脑重连。但是为什么我之前重启会不起作用呢？</p><p>说实话这锅还真不好甩，我的电脑是 Win10 系统，在我重启路由器后，系统并不是向路由器请求一份新的租约，而是拿着旧的租约想要更新续约。这里你可能认为是路由器就直接续约了，但我认为并不是，OpenWrt 已经设定了静态地址，而电脑请求续约的 IP 不一样，结果是 OpenWrt 不会给续约，但也不会返回新的租约。</p><p>最终导致的结果就是电脑租约无法更新，但由于租约也没有到期，所以电脑继续使用旧的，而正好使用旧IP还能正常上网就一直沿用旧租约了。</p><p>解决方法</p><p>最简单的方法，设置的静态 IP 为原本 DHCP 获取到的 IP 地址，这样就不会存在不生效问题。但一定要更换 IP 的话，保证 OpenWrt 已重启，打开 Windows 命令行或者 Power Shell，输入以下命令执行：ipconfig /release</p><p>ipconfig /renew</p><p>第一条命令删除旧租约，这样就不会由于 IP 地址错误导致 OpenWrt 无法返回新租约，第二条命令就是手动更新租约。至此，解决了静态 IP 分配不生效的问题。</p></blockquote></blockquote><h2 id="pve虚拟机安装" tabindex="-1">PVE虚拟机安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pve虚拟机安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;PVE虚拟机安装&quot;">​</a></h2><p>参考b站up主司波图的<a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1GY41177Es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">教程</a></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/tinker/network/openwrt安装及配置.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/tinker/network/frp%E5%86%85%E7%BD%91%E7%A9%BF%E9%80%8F.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>frp内网穿透</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/tinker/network/windows%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BDwebdav%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>windows挂载webdav的问题处理</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>openwrt开启ipv6</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/tinker/network/%E5%B1%B1%E7%89%B9ups%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88nut%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%96%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%BA.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" 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tabindex="-1">openwrt开启ipv6 <a class="header-anchor" href="#openwrt开启ipv6" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;openwrt开启ipv6&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>由于移动宽带没有公网ip，玩儿pt上传上不去，所以考虑开启ipv6提速</p><h2 id="具体操作" tabindex="-1">具体操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#具体操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;具体操作&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="全局网络选项中清除ipv6-ula前缀" tabindex="-1">全局网络选项中清除IPv6 ULA前缀 <a class="header-anchor" href="#全局网络选项中清除ipv6-ula前缀" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;全局网络选项中清除IPv6 ULA前缀&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220510221313367.png" alt="image-20220510221313367"></p><h3 id="获取ipv6地址改为自动" tabindex="-1">获取IPv6地址改为自动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#获取ipv6地址改为自动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;获取IPv6地址改为自动&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220510221440677.png" alt="image-20220510221440677"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220510221714830.png" alt="image-20220510221714830"></p><h3 id="dhcp-dns中取消禁止解析ipv6-dns记录的勾选" tabindex="-1">DHCP/DNS中取消禁止解析IPv6 DNS记录的勾选 <a class="header-anchor" href="#dhcp-dns中取消禁止解析ipv6-dns记录的勾选" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;DHCP/DNS中取消禁止解析IPv6 DNS记录的勾选&quot;">​</a></h3><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220510221817531.png" alt="image-20220510221817531"></p><h3 id="重启openwrt" tabindex="-1">重启openwrt <a class="header-anchor" href="#重启openwrt" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重启openwrt&quot;">​</a></h3></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/tinker/network/openwrt开启ipv6.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg 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data-v-e31bd47b>openwrt开启ipv6</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/tinker/network/%E5%B1%B1%E7%89%B9ups%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88nut%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%96%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%BA.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _tinker_network_pt%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="pt下载入门" tabindex="-1">pt下载入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pt下载入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pt下载入门&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="什么是pt" tabindex="-1">什么是pt <a class="header-anchor" href="#什么是pt" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;什么是pt&quot;">​</a></h2><p>PT（Private Tracker）：是一种基于私有BT Tracker服务器的资源传播形式，经授权的用户使用受允许的客户端进行种子制作与下载，对参与的用户做出流量统计（需要用户完成一定量的上传）。</p><h2 id="pt的优缺点" tabindex="-1">pt的优缺点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pt的优缺点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pt的优缺点&quot;">​</a></h2><p>上面提到PT的关键词：私有、小范围、流量统计。传统的BT则是公有、大范围（整个互联网）、不统计流量。BT是公开的tracker，范围很广，但是有很多人只下载不上传（h&amp;r/hit and run），俗称白嫖，因此无法保证种子的下载速度。PT则解决了这一痛点，强制要求用户上传，换来了高速下载，另外pt站点的资源质量很高，资源更新更快。当然PT的局限就是圈子小，入门门槛高，往往pt站点采用邀请制+捐赠制。</p><h2 id="玩儿pt的必要条件" tabindex="-1">玩儿pt的必要条件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#玩儿pt的必要条件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;玩儿pt的必要条件&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="硬件准备" tabindex="-1">硬件准备 <a class="header-anchor" href="#硬件准备" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;硬件准备&quot;">​</a></h3><p>家用pc、nas、服务器、能装下载工具的路由器、各种下载机（玩客云、n1盒子等）均可</p><h3 id="硬盘" tabindex="-1">硬盘 <a class="header-anchor" href="#硬盘" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;硬盘&quot;">​</a></h3><p>越大越好</p><h3 id="pt站点邀请码获取途径" tabindex="-1">pt站点邀请码获取途径 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pt站点邀请码获取途径" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pt站点邀请码获取途径&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>捐赠入站</p></li><li><p>通过别人邀请</p></li><li><p>pt站点开放注册时注册加入</p></li></ul><h2 id="pt入门" tabindex="-1">pt入门 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pt入门" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;pt入门&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="基本概念" tabindex="-1">基本概念 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基本概念" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基本概念&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p>种子：根据 BitTorrent 协议，文件发布者会根据要发布的文件生成提供一个.torrent 文件，即种子文件，也简称为“种子”。种子文件本质上是文本文件，包含 Tracker信息和文件信息两部分。Tracker 信息主要是 BT 下载中需要用到的 Tracker 服务器的地址和针对 Tracker 服务器的设置，文件信息是根据 对目标文件的计算生成的，计算结果根据 BitTorrent 协议内的规则进行编码。它的 主要原理是需要把提供下载的文件虚拟分成大小相等的块，块大小必须为 2k 的整数次方(由于是虚拟分块，硬盘上并不产生各个块文件)，并把每个块的索引信息和 Hash 验证码写入种子文件中;所以，种子文件就是被下载文件的“索引”。 下载者要下载文件内容，需要先得到相应的种子文件，然后使用 BT 客户端软件进行下载。下载时，BT 客户端首先解析种子文件得到 Tracker 地址，然后连接 Tracker 服务器。Tracker 服务器回应下载者的请求，提供下载者其他下载者(包括发布者)的 IP。下载者再连接其他 下载者，根据种子文件，两者分别告知对方自己已经有的块，然后交换对方所没有的数据。 此时不需要其他服务器参与，分散了单个线路上的数据流量，因此减轻了服务器负担。 下载者每得到一个块，需要算出下载块的 Hash 验证码与种子文件中的对比，如果一样则说 明块正确，不一样则需要重新下载这个块。这种规定是为了解决下载内容淮确性的问题。 一般的 HTTP与FTP 下载，发布文件仅在某个或某几个服务器，下载的人太多，服务器的带宽 很易不胜负荷，变得很慢。而 BitTorrent 协议下载的特点是，下载的人越多，提供的带宽也 越多，下载速度就越快。同时，拥有完整文件的用户也会越来越多，使文件的“寿命”不断延长。</p></li><li><p>Tarcker: 收集下载者信息的服务器，并将此信息提供给其他下载者，可以理解为电话总机。</p></li><li><p>做种：资源下载完毕后不删除任务，保持继续上传的过程</p></li><li><p>辅种：其他人发布了资源，你手里刚好也有这个资源，那么你下载种子之后。只要数据通过了 hash 校验就会变成做种状态。（部分站点禁止）</p></li><li><p>上传量：做种时上传的流量</p></li><li><p>下载量：下载资源的流量</p></li><li><p>分享率：上传量/下载量</p></li><li><p>做种率：做种时间/下载时间</p></li><li><p>魔力值：pt站点的积分，可以通过做种、签到等途径获取</p></li><li><p>最小做种时间：为了保证种子的活跃度，一些PT站点严禁H&amp;R（Hit and Run、下了就跑），要求用户至少持续做种一段时间</p></li></ul><h3 id="新手考核" tabindex="-1">新手考核 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新手考核" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新手考核&quot;">​</a></h3><p>类似游戏的新手区教学，让新手了解PT站点的规则，PT站点还会对新人进行考核，一般考核期为一个月，考核主要从以下几点:</p><table><thead><tr><th>考核点</th><th>说明</th><th>要求</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>上传量</td><td>上传了多少数据</td><td>30G-100G不等</td></tr><tr><td>下载量</td><td>下载了多少数据</td><td>30G-100G不等</td></tr><tr><td>分享率</td><td>上传量/下载量</td><td>一般要求分享率&gt;1</td></tr><tr><td>做种率</td><td>做种时间/下载时间</td><td>一般要求3-8不等</td></tr><tr><td>魔力值</td><td>通过签到、做种等途径获取的积分</td><td>一般要求3000-8000不等</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="生存指南" tabindex="-1">生存指南 <a class="header-anchor" href="#生存指南" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;生存指南&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="考核期" tabindex="-1">考核期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#考核期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;考核期&quot;">​</a></h4><p>老老实实下热门种子并持续做种</p><h4 id="考核后" tabindex="-1">考核后 <a class="header-anchor" href="#考核后" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;考核后&quot;">​</a></h4><p>对于一些以影视作品为主的网站，尽可能的下载热门种子，这样能更快的获得上传量。可以使用 BT 客户端的 RSS 订阅功能，实现无人值守下载。 对于以小种为主的 PT 站，如 OpenCD 以及大部分教育网站点，则需要通过下载大量小体积种子并长时间做种以换取魔力值，再使用魔力值兑换上传。</p><h4 id="养老期" tabindex="-1">养老期 <a class="header-anchor" href="#养老期" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;养老期&quot;">​</a></h4><p>保证良好分享率</p><h3 id="技巧" tabindex="-1">技巧 <a class="header-anchor" href="#技巧" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;技巧&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="种子挑选" tabindex="-1">种子挑选 <a class="header-anchor" href="#种子挑选" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;种子挑选&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><p>在种子板块新发布且带有<code>Free</code>标签的种子是不计算下载量的</p></li><li><p>带有<code>2xFree</code>是不计算下载量且计算双倍上传流量的，一般选这种种子数据会更好看</p></li><li><p><strong>要注意免费时常</strong>。</p></li><li><p>进到种子页面，看种子的做种者数量和下载者数量，挑做种人少&amp;下载人多的。</p></li><li><p>无标记为正常计算上传、下载量</p></li><li><p>带有<code>%50</code>标记为计算50%下载量</p></li><li><p>带有<code>2x%50</code>为计算%50下载量、计算两倍上传量</p></li></ul><h4 id="提高分享率" tabindex="-1">提高分享率 <a class="header-anchor" href="#提高分享率" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;提高分享率&quot;">​</a></h4><p>不断下载免费种子，多维持一些，种子体积可以挑选大一点的，然后挂机做种提升上传量，在下载量不变的情况下，上传越高分量率就越高。</p><h4 id="赚魔力值" tabindex="-1">赚魔力值 <a class="header-anchor" href="#赚魔力值" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;赚魔力值&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li>发布种子</li><li>上传字幕</li><li>发表主题贴</li><li>辅种挂机</li></ul><h2 id="常用站点" tabindex="-1">常用站点 <a class="header-anchor" href="#常用站点" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;常用站点&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p><a href="https://hdchina.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HDChina瓷器</a>:近 10 年的老站，用户数据继承自原先的 HDWinG 和 HDStar。资源方面，官方制作组（HDCTV 和 HDChina）的 Netflix、HBO 剧集，原盘，录制的电视剧比较多。</p></li><li><p><a href="https://chdbits.co/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CHDbits彩虹岛</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.m-team.cc/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">M-Team馒头</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://hdsky.me/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HDSky 天空</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://totheglory.im/upload.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">TTG</a>：</p></li><li><p><a href="https://hdhome.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HDHome 家园</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://springsunday.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">SSD(Spring Sunday)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://pt.btschool.club/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">BT School 比特校园</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://hdtime.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HD Time 高清时间</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://52pt.site/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">52PT 我爱PT</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://ourbits.club/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Ourbits 我堡</a></p></li><li><p><a href="http://www.pthome.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">PTHome 铂金家</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://hdcity.city/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">HDCity 城市</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://lemonhd.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">LeagueHD 柠檬</a></p></li><li><p><a href="http://ccfbits.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">CCFBits 精品高清</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.nicept.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">NicePT</a></p></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f 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data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="windows挂载webdav的问题处理" tabindex="-1">windows挂载webdav的问题处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#windows挂载webdav的问题处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;windows挂载webdav的问题处理&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>home server里开着阿里云盘的webdav容器，想要在pc的windows中挂载，之前用的RaiDriver这个软件，但是开机启动总弹广告，遂弃用。用windows原生的挂载方式，直接在资源管理器中右键选择<code>添加一个网络位置</code>，填写http的webdav服务地址+端口后提示<code>输入的文件夹似乎无效</code>。</p><h2 id="解决方案" tabindex="-1">解决方案 <a class="header-anchor" href="#解决方案" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;解决方案&quot;">​</a></h2><p>出现这个提示是因为windows本身的权限控制，可以在注册表中修改相关配置。</p><p>具体操作：</p><ul><li><p>修改注册表<code>\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WebClient\Parameters</code>下<code>BasicAuthLevel</code>的值为<code>2</code></p></li><li><p>在服务中把WebClient启动，并把启动类型改为<code>自动</code></p></li></ul><p>然后就可以在资源管理器中再次尝试添加网络位置，输入ip+端口即可。</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" 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data-v-e31bd47b>openwrt开启ipv6</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/tinker/network/%E5%B1%B1%E7%89%B9ups%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88nut%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%96%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%BA.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" 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data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="使用https访问内网服务" tabindex="-1">使用https访问内网服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#使用https访问内网服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;使用https访问内网服务&quot;">​</a></h1><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-swag" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-swag</a></p></blockquote><h3 id="配置dns解析" tabindex="-1">配置dns解析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置dns解析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置dns解析&quot;">​</a></h3><p>将需要的子域名使用ddns解析到wan口ip</p><h3 id="openwrt启动docker-swag容器" tabindex="-1">openwrt启动docker-swag容器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#openwrt启动docker-swag容器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;openwrt启动docker-swag容器&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># docker-compose.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">swag</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linuxserver/swag:latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">swag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">cap_add</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">NET_ADMIN</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUID=1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PGID=1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">URL=yourdomain.com</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 主域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">VALIDATION=dns</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># certbot验证的方法，一般选dns</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SUBDOMAINS=yoursubdoamin.yourdomain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">CERTPROVIDER=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 可以填zerossl，默认使用let&#39;s encrypt签发证书</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DNSPLUGIN=dnspod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 支持aliyun、dnspod、cloudflare等等，详情见官方文档</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PROPAGATION=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 选择覆盖dns插件的默认传播时间（以秒为单位）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EMAIL=user@email.com</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 邮箱</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ONLY_SUBDOMAINS=true</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 是否只获取子域名的证书</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EXTRA_DOMAINS=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 其他完全限定域名（逗号分隔，无空格）例如 extradomain.com,subdomain.anotherdomain.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">STAGING=false</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置为 true 以在暂存模式下检索证书。但生成的证书将无法通过浏览器的安全测试。仅用于测试。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/docker/swag/config:/config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">65111:443</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 映射端口，家宽可以选择高位端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#      - 80:80 #optional</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># docker-compose.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">swag</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linuxserver/swag:latest</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">swag</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">cap_add</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">NET_ADMIN</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUID=1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PGID=1000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 时区</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">URL=yourdomain.com</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 主域名</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">VALIDATION=dns</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># certbot验证的方法，一般选dns</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SUBDOMAINS=yoursubdoamin.yourdomain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">CERTPROVIDER=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 可以填zerossl，默认使用let&#39;s encrypt签发证书</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DNSPLUGIN=dnspod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 支持aliyun、dnspod、cloudflare等等，详情见官方文档</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PROPAGATION=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 选择覆盖dns插件的默认传播时间（以秒为单位）</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">EMAIL=user@email.com</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 邮箱</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ONLY_SUBDOMAINS=true</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 是否只获取子域名的证书</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">EXTRA_DOMAINS=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 其他完全限定域名（逗号分隔，无空格）例如 extradomain.com,subdomain.anotherdomain.org</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">STAGING=false</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 设置为 true 以在暂存模式下检索证书。但生成的证书将无法通过浏览器的安全测试。仅用于测试。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/docker/swag/config:/config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">65111:443</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 映射端口，家宽可以选择高位端口</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#      - 80:80 #optional</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="启动容器后操作" tabindex="-1">启动容器后操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动容器后操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动容器后操作&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>在<code>config/dns-conf</code>目录中找到自己选择的dns插件的配置文件，按要求填写验证信息</p></li><li><p>在<code>config/nginx/proxy-confs</code>基于给出的模板配置文件修改出自己的虚拟主机配置，将请求反向代理到内网的指定服务</p></li><li><p>防火墙中配置端口转发规则：将要从外网访问的高位端口（例如65222）转发到上面映射的端口65111</p></li></ol><h3 id="重启容器" tabindex="-1">重启容器 <a class="header-anchor" href="#重启容器" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;重启容器&quot;">​</a></h3><p>此时即可通过<code>https://subdomain.domain.com:65222</code>来访问对应的内网服务</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/tinker/network/使用https访问内网服务.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/tinker/vm/VMWare%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E7%A7%8D%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b>openwrt开启ipv6</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/tinker/network/%E5%B1%B1%E7%89%B9ups%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88nut%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%96%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%BA.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" 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data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="家庭服务器home-server搭建" tabindex="-1">家庭服务器home server搭建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#家庭服务器home-server搭建" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;家庭服务器home server搭建&quot;">​</a></h1><p>一直想搞一台nas玩玩儿，但是看了群晖、威联通这些成品nas低到令人发指的性价比，我最终还是决定diy一台小主机来实现自己的需求。</p><h2 id="需求分析" tabindex="-1">需求分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#需求分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;需求分析&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="需求" tabindex="-1">需求 <a class="header-anchor" href="#需求" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;需求&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>共享存储</li><li>Docker服务</li><li>跑一些测试程序</li></ol><h3 id="分析" tabindex="-1">分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;分析&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li><p>PC上还有块4T的希捷酷鹰，再添3块4T紫盘组raid5阵列。机箱的盘位就至少需要4个以上，挑了一圈就乔思伯N1（5盘位）和万由的810A（8盘位）能看的过去，虽然万由盘位多但是价格比n1高了大几百，目前也用不到这么多盘位，因此机箱确定了n1，主板也要买itx版型。</p></li><li><p>要跑的docker容器比较多，下载器服务、阿里云的webdav容器、直播录制程序容器等等。。。因此内存需要32G以上。</p></li><li><p>确定使用的系统是个比较复杂的过程，因为有过PVE虚拟机翻车的经历，这个服务器又主要承载了数据存储功能，所以要追求稳定，因此首先排除PVE和ESXi这些虚拟机系统，直接物理机装系统。然后我在虚拟机上装了最新版的Truenas scale体验了一下，这个系统是基于debian用python开发的，交互上倒没什么问题，但是因为是个纯nas系统，对主系统限制较多，自由度不高（不能直接装软件），因此也被pass，黑群晖这些就不说了，在我看来还不如truenas。一圈排除下来就只能直接装linux server了。去V2EX论坛问了老哥们的意见，推荐debian的很多，也有建议用最熟悉的系统的，最后我选择了后者，选了比较有把握的ubuntu server，正好ubuntu的22.04发行版刚出，就直接安排上了。</p></li></ol><h2 id="硬件" tabindex="-1">硬件 <a class="header-anchor" href="#硬件" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;硬件&quot;">​</a></h2><p>经过了好几天的挑选，最终敲定了这套配置</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">cpu：i3-10100散片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">主板：七彩虹cvn b460i frozen</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">内存：金士顿16g*2 2666</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">固态：七彩虹 ssd sata3 128g</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">cpu散热：超频3刀锋</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">机械硬盘：西数海康oem紫盘4t*3 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">电源：tt 350w sfx电源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">机箱+线材：乔思伯n1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">扩展卡：乐扩m2转sata3接口扩展卡</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">cpu：i3-10100散片</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">主板：七彩虹cvn b460i frozen</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">内存：金士顿16g*2 2666</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">固态：七彩虹 ssd sata3 128g</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">cpu散热：超频3刀锋</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">机械硬盘：西数海康oem紫盘4t*3 </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">电源：tt 350w sfx电源</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">机箱+线材：乔思伯n1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">扩展卡：乐扩m2转sata3接口扩展卡</span></span></code></pre></div><p>其中散热、固态是在公司的福利商城购买，cpu、机械硬盘、机箱、扩展卡在淘宝购买，主板、电源在京东购买，内存在咸鱼淘的。不算硬盘花费是2480，加上硬盘3755。</p><p>组装完成后：</p><ul><li>灵魂走线，又不是不能用(doge）</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/D55DA0D4-322D-4A49-9634-9DB667BDD7A4_1_105_c.jpeg" alt="D55DA0D4-322D-4A49-9634-9DB667BDD7A4_1_105_c"></p><ul><li>侧面</li></ul><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/6C0A8FED-B95C-4FE5-ACCB-32DD8DF553E8_1_105_c.jpeg" alt="6C0A8FED-B95C-4FE5-ACCB-32DD8DF553E8_1_105_c"></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/B4E46C72-2CA5-4727-AD52-F3C25F94A74B_1_102_o.jpeg" alt="B4E46C72-2CA5-4727-AD52-F3C25F94A74B_1_102_o"></p><p>跟其他工业风机箱比起来，乔思伯n1这款颜值还是很不错的。</p><h2 id="系统搭建" tabindex="-1">系统搭建 <a class="header-anchor" href="#系统搭建" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;系统搭建&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="操作系统安装" tabindex="-1">操作系统安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#操作系统安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;操作系统安装&quot;">​</a></h3><p>ubuntu官网下载最新版的ubuntu-server-22.04，然后rufus刷写到U盘中，使用U盘引导启动。</p><p>安装过程不再赘述，这里记录几个重点步骤：</p><ol><li>在配置Ubuntu安装镜像这一步最好选择国内的企业/大学镜像站，不然后面安装可能会在下载时卡住。网易镜像源<code>http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/</code>，阿里云镜像源<code>https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/</code>，清华源<code>https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/</code></li><li>磁盘分区选择自定义，然后根据自己的情况进行分区，我的固态只分了<code>/</code>和<code>/boot</code>两个区，然后四块4T机械组了raid5。（ubuntu在建立阵列后会立刻进入重建过程，阵列中会有一个分区状态为<code>spare rebuilding</code>，其他分区为<code>active sync</code>。这个重建过程很久，我4块4T重建总共用了十几个小时，重建完成后阵列下所有分区都会变为<code>active sync</code>状态</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220501014554319.png" alt="image-20220501014554319"></p><h2 id="基础配置" tabindex="-1">基础配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础配置&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><p>开启root登陆</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">PermitRootLogin</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 给root修改密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">passwd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">sshd</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">PermitRootLogin</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 给root修改密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">passwd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">sshd</span></span></code></pre></div></li><li><p>启用密钥登陆</p></li></ul><p>​ 见另一篇博客 <code>阿里云服务器启用密钥登陆并禁用密码登陆</code></p><ul><li><p>时区同步</p><p><code>sudo cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime</code></p></li></ul><h2 id="安装服务" tabindex="-1">安装服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装服务&quot;">​</a></h2><p>这个部分长期更新XD，一点点补上吧。</p><h3 id="samba文件共享服务" tabindex="-1">samba文件共享服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#samba文件共享服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;samba文件共享服务&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装samba</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">samba</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 启动smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开机自启</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建共享文件夹 设置权限770</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">770</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加用户和密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">smbpasswd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">用户名</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 修改配置文件，在文件最后添加共享资源设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/samba/smb.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[data]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">path</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">available</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">browseable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">public</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">no</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">writable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">valid</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">users</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">story</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装samba</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">samba</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 启动smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开机自启</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">smb</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 创建共享文件夹 设置权限770</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">770</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 添加用户和密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">smbpasswd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">用户名</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 修改配置文件，在文件最后添加共享资源设置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/samba/smb.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[data]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">path</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">available</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">browseable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">public</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">no</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">writable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">yes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">valid</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">users</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">story</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>samba共享配置详解</p><p>[temp] #共享资源名称</p><p>comment = Temporary file space #简单的解释，内容无关紧要</p><p>path = /tmp #实际的共享目录</p><p>writable = yes #设置为可写入</p><p>browseable = yes #可以被所有用户浏览到资源名称，</p><p>guest ok = yes #可以让用户随意登录</p><p>public = yes #允许匿名查看</p><p>valid users = 用户名 #设置访问用户</p><p>valid users = @组名 #设置访问组</p><p>readonly = yes #只读</p><p>readonly = no #读写</p><p>hosts deny = 192.168.0.0 #表示禁止所有来自192.168.0.0/24 网段的IP 地址访问</p><p>hosts allow = 192.168.0.24 #表示允许192.168.0.24 这个IP 地址访问</p><p>[homes]为特殊共享目录，表示用户主目录。</p><p>[printers]表示共享打印机。</p><p>原文链接：<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/l1593572468/article/details/121444812" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://blog.csdn.net/l1593572468/article/details/121444812</a></p></blockquote><h3 id="docker安装" tabindex="-1">Docker安装 <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker安装" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Docker安装&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Uninstall old versions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">remove</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-engine</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker.io</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">containerd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">runc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Update the apt package index and install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ca-certificates</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gnupg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">lsb-release</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Add Docker’s official GPG key:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gpg</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--dearmor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-o</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Use the following command to set up the stable repository.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;deb [arch=$(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">dpkg</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--print-architecture</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">  $(</span><span style="color:#B392F0;">lsb_release</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-cs</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">) stable&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">|</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">tee</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Install Docker Engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-ce</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-ce-cli</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">containerd.io</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker-compose-plugin</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Uninstall old versions</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">remove</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-engine</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker.io</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">containerd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">runc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Update the apt package index and install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ca-certificates</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gnupg</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">lsb-release</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Add Docker’s official GPG key:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-fsSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gpg</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--dearmor</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-o</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Use the following command to set up the stable repository.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;deb [arch=$(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">dpkg</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--print-architecture</span><span style="color:#032F62;">) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">  $(</span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">lsb_release</span><span style="color:#032F62;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-cs</span><span style="color:#032F62;">) stable&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">|</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">tee</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/null</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Install Docker Engine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">update</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt-get</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-ce</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-ce-cli</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">containerd.io</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker-compose-plugin</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="挂载阿里云盘" tabindex="-1">挂载阿里云盘 <a class="header-anchor" href="#挂载阿里云盘" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;挂载阿里云盘&quot;">​</a></h3><p>参考另一篇博客<code>挂载阿里云盘+开机自动挂载</code></p><h3 id="transmission" tabindex="-1">transmission <a class="header-anchor" href="#transmission" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;transmission&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name=transmission</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME=/transmission-web-control/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">USER=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">use</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">r</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PASS=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">pas</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">s</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">19091</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:9091</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">51413</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:51413</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">51413</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:51413/udp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/transmission/data:/config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/others:/downloads/others</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/tvseries:/downloads/tvseries</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/transmission/watch/folder:/watch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/movies:/downloads/movies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--restart=always</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">linuxserver/transmission</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name=transmission</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME=/transmission-web-control/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">USER=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">use</span><span style="color:#24292E;">r</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PASS=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">pas</span><span style="color:#24292E;">s</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">19091</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:9091</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">51413</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:51413</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">51413</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:51413/udp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/transmission/data:/config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/others:/downloads/others</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/tvseries:/downloads/tvseries</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/transmission/watch/folder:/watch</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/movies:/downloads/movies</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--restart=always</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#032F62;">linuxserver/transmission</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="qbittorrent" tabindex="-1">qbittorrent <a class="header-anchor" href="#qbittorrent" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;qbittorrent&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">version:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3.2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">services:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">qbittorrent:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">image:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">nevinee/qbittorrent:4.3.9</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">container_name:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">qbittorrent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">environment:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WEBUI_PORT=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">18080</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">BT_PORT=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">55555</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">volumes:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/qbittorrent/config:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/repo:/downloads</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">network_mode:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">host</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">restart:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3.2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">services:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">qbittorrent:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">image:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">nevinee/qbittorrent:4.3.9</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">container_name:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">qbittorrent</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">environment:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">WEBUI_PORT=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">18080</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">BT_PORT=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">55555</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">volumes:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/qbittorrent/config:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/repo:/downloads</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">network_mode:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">host</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">restart:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="aria2" tabindex="-1">aria2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#aria2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;aria2&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">aria2</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">always</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--log-opt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">max-size=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">m</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$UID </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">$GID </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">UMASK_SET=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">022</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RPC_SECRET=</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">secre</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">t</span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">RPC_PORT=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16800</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16800</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:16800</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">LISTEN_PORT=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16888</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16888</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:16888</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">16888</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:16888/udp</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/aria2/config:/config</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/tvseries:/downloads/tvseries</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/movies:/downloads/movies</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/downloads/others:/downloads/others</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">p3terx/aria2-pro</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">aria2</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">always</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--log-opt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">max-size=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">m</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PUID=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$UID </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">PGID=</span><span style="color:#24292E;">$GID </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">UMASK_SET=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">022</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RPC_SECRET=</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">secre</span><span style="color:#24292E;">t</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">RPC_PORT=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16800</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16800</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:16800</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">LISTEN_PORT=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16888</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16888</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:16888</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">16888</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:16888/udp</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/aria2/config:/config</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/tvseries:/downloads/tvseries</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/movies:/downloads/movies</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/downloads/others:/downloads/others</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">p3terx/aria2-pro</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="jellyfin" tabindex="-1">jellyfin <a class="header-anchor" href="#jellyfin" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jellyfin&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">version:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3.2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">services:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">jenkins:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">image:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins/jenkins:2.332.3-jdk11</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">container_name:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">environment:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">user:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">volumes:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/story/dist:/story/dist</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/jenkins/jenkins_data:/var/jenkins_home</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">ports:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;8099:8080&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">restart:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">version:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3.2&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">services:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">jenkins:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">image:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins/jenkins:2.332.3-jdk11</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">container_name:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">jenkins</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">environment:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">user:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">volumes:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/story/dist:/story/dist</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/jenkins/jenkins_data:/var/jenkins_home</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ports:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;8099:8080&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">restart:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="jellyfin硬解" tabindex="-1">jellyfin硬解 <a class="header-anchor" href="#jellyfin硬解" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;jellyfin硬解&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装驱动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">intel-media-va-driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解码支持确认</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/vainfo</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 安装驱动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">intel-media-va-driver</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 解码支持确认</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/vainfo</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/43b766ec-e5a4-4f1c-a06b-97c4b9eb7924.png" alt="image-20230828233842999"></p><h3 id="kafka" tabindex="-1">kafka <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafka" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafka&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">wget</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">https://dlcdn.apache.org/kafka/3.1.1/kafka_2.12-3.1.1.tgz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">tar</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-xzvf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka_2.12-3.1.1.tgz</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">wget</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">https://dlcdn.apache.org/kafka/3.1.1/kafka_2.12-3.1.1.tgz</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">tar</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-xzvf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka_2.12-3.1.1.tgz</span></span></code></pre></div><p>zookeeper.service</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Description</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zookeeper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">forking</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Environment</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ExecStart</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-daemon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/config/zookeeper.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ExecStop</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">SyslogIdentifier</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zookeeper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">WantedBy</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multi-user.target</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Description</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">zookeeper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">forking</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Environment</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ExecStart</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-daemon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/config/zookeeper.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ExecStop</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">SyslogIdentifier</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">zookeeper</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">WantedBy</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">multi-user.target</span></span></code></pre></div><p>kafka.service</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Description</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafka</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">After</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">zookeeper.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Type</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">forking</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Environment</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ExecStart</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-daemon</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/config/server.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ExecStop</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-stop.sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">WantedBy</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">multi-user.target</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Description</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafka</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">After</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">zookeeper.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Type</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">forking</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">Environment</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ExecStart</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-daemon</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/config/server.properties</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">ExecStop</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/kafka/bin/kafka-server-stop.sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">WantedBy</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">multi-user.target</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="onedev" tabindex="-1">onedev <a class="header-anchor" href="#onedev" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;onedev&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">onedev</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-v</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/onedev:/opt/onedev</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6610</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:6610</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\ </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">#</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">6611</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:6611</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\ </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">#</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  --restart</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">always</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">1dev/server:latest</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">onedev</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-v</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/onedev:/opt/onedev</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6610</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:6610</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\ </span><span style="color:#032F62;">#</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">http</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">6611</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:6611</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\ </span><span style="color:#032F62;">#</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ssh</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  --restart</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">always</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">1dev/server:latest</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="rabbitmq" tabindex="-1">rabbitmq <a class="header-anchor" href="#rabbitmq" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;rabbitmq&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">apt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rabbitmq-server</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开启rabbit网页控制台 默认端口号15672,重启rabbitmq服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmq-plugins</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rabbitmq_management</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># rabbitmq默认用户guest不允许远程登陆，且systemd默认的启动用户为rabbitmq，可以改为root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/lib/systemd/system</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">vim</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">rabbitmq-server.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新建rabbitmq用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">add_user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">password</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set_user_tags</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">administrator</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set_permissions</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.*&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看、删除、修改密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">list_users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">delete_user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">username</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">change_password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">newpassword</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">apt</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rabbitmq-server</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 开启rabbit网页控制台 默认端口号15672,重启rabbitmq服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmq-plugins</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rabbitmq_management</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># rabbitmq默认用户guest不允许远程登陆，且systemd默认的启动用户为rabbitmq，可以改为root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/lib/systemd/system</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">vim</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">rabbitmq-server.service</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 新建rabbitmq用户</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#005CC5;">cd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">add_user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">password</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 授权</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set_user_tags</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">administrator</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set_permissions</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.*&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;.*&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看、删除、修改密码</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">list_users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">delete_user</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">username</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./rabbitmqctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">change_password</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">username</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">newpassword</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="gitea" tabindex="-1">gitea <a class="header-anchor" href="#gitea" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;gitea&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">gitea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">external</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">gitea</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">driver</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">local</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gitea/gitea:1.16.7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gitea</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">DOMAIN=192.168.2.66</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">HTTP_PORT=6610</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SSH_PORT=6611</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SSH_LISTEN_PORT=6611</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">always</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gitea</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gitea:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;6610:6610&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;6611:6611&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">gitea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">external</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">gitea</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">driver</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">local</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gitea/gitea:1.16.7</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gitea</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">DOMAIN=192.168.2.66</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">HTTP_PORT=6610</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SSH_PORT=6611</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SSH_LISTEN_PORT=6611</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">always</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gitea</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gitea:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;6610:6610&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;6611:6611&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="gitea-webhook-allowed-host-list" tabindex="-1">gitea webhook allowed host list <a class="header-anchor" href="#gitea-webhook-allowed-host-list" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;gitea webhook allowed host list&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/var/lib/docker/volumes/gitea_gitea/_data/gitea/conf/app.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># add the following lines to the end of the file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">[webhook]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ALLOWED_HOST_LIST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">192.168</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.2.66</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/var/lib/docker/volumes/gitea_gitea/_data/gitea/conf/app.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># add the following lines to the end of the file</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">[webhook]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ALLOWED_HOST_LIST</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">=</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">192.168</span><span style="color:#032F62;">.2.66</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="gitea-and-jenkins-webhook" tabindex="-1">gitea and jenkins webhook <a class="header-anchor" href="#gitea-and-jenkins-webhook" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;gitea and jenkins webhook&quot;">​</a></h4><p>In Jenkins: on the job settings page set &quot;Source Code Management&quot; option to &quot;Git&quot;, provide URL to your repo (<a href="http://gitea-url.your.org/username/repo.git" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://gitea-url.your.org/username/repo.git</a>), and in &quot;Poll triggers&quot; section check &quot;Poll SCM&quot; option with no schedule defined. This setup basically tells Jenkins to poll your Gitea repo only when requested via the webhook.</p><p>In Gitea: under repo -&gt; Settings -&gt; Webhooks, add new webhook, set the URL to http://jenkins_url.your.org/gitea-webhook/post, and clear the secret (leave it blank).</p><p>At this point clicking on &quot;Test Delivery&quot; button should produce a successful delivery attempt (green checkmark).</p><h3 id="kafdrop" tabindex="-1">kafdrop <a class="header-anchor" href="#kafdrop" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kafdrop&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">run</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-d</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kafkaui</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-p</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">9000</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:9000</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">KAFKA_BROKERCONNECT=&quot;192.168.2.66:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">JVM_OPTS=&quot;-Xms32M -Xmx64M&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-e</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SERVER_SERVLET_CONTEXTPATH=&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">obsidiandynamics/kafdrop</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">run</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-d</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--name</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kafkaui</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-p</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">9000</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:9000</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">KAFKA_BROKERCONNECT=&quot;192.168.2.66:9092&quot;</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">JVM_OPTS=&quot;-Xms32M -Xmx64M&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-e</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SERVER_SERVLET_CONTEXTPATH=&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">\</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#032F62;">obsidiandynamics/kafdrop</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="cadvisor-docker监控" tabindex="-1">cadvisor Docker监控 <a class="header-anchor" href="#cadvisor-docker监控" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;cadvisor Docker监控&quot;">​</a></h3><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">cadvisor</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">gcr.io/cadvisor/cadvisor:v0.47.2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">cadvisor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/:/rootfs:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/run:/var/run:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/sys:/sys:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/disk/:/dev/disk:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;28080:8080&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">privileged</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">devices</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/kmsg</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;3&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">cadvisor</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">gcr.io/cadvisor/cadvisor:v0.47.2</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">cadvisor</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/:/rootfs:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/run:/var/run:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/sys:/sys:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/disk/:/dev/disk:ro</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;28080:8080&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">privileged</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">devices</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/kmsg</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="grafana-prometheus-node-exporter监控linux系统" tabindex="-1">grafana+prometheus+node_exporter监控linux系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#grafana-prometheus-node-exporter监控linux系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;grafana+prometheus+node_exporter监控linux系统&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="node-exporter" tabindex="-1">node_exporter <a class="header-anchor" href="#node-exporter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;node_exporter&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.6.1/node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz</code></li><li><code>tar -zxvf node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz &amp;&amp; mv node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64/node_exporter /usr/local/bin</code></li></ul><h5 id="systemd" tabindex="-1">systemd <a class="header-anchor" href="#systemd" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;systemd&quot;">​</a></h5><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 编写systemd服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Description=node_exporeter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更新内核并启动，自启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">daemon-reload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">node_exporter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">node_exporter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">node_exporter</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 编写systemd服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Description=node_exporeter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更新内核并启动，自启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">daemon-reload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">node_exporter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">node_exporter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">node_exporter</span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="init-d" tabindex="-1">init.d <a class="header-anchor" href="#init-d" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;init.d&quot;">​</a></h5><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># openwrt要使用init.d</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/init.d/node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh /etc/rc.common</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">START</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">STOP</span><span style="color:#F97583;">=</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Starting Node Exporter...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/usr/bin/node_exporter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">--web.listen-address=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;:9100&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/null</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">stop</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Stopping Node Exporter...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">killall</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">sleep</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># openwrt要使用init.d</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># /etc/init.d/node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#!/bin/sh /etc/rc.common</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">START</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">99</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">STOP</span><span style="color:#D73A49;">=</span><span style="color:#005CC5;">10</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Starting Node Exporter...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/usr/bin/node_exporter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">--web.listen-address=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;:9100&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/null</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">2&gt;&amp;1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stop</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Stopping Node Exporter...&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">killall</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">node_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">() {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">stop</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sleep</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">start</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>/etc/init.d/node_exporter enable &amp;&amp; /etc/init.d/node_exporter start </code></p><h4 id="redis-exporter" tabindex="-1">redis_exporter <a class="header-anchor" href="#redis-exporter" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;redis_exporter&quot;">​</a></h4><ul><li><code>wget https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter/releases/download/v1.46.0/redis_exporter-v1.46.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz</code></li><li><code>tar -xvf redis_exporter-v1.46.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz &amp;&amp; mv redis_exporter-v1.46.0.linux-amd64/redis_exporter /usr/local/bin</code></li></ul><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 编写systemd服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">cat</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/systemd/system/redis_exporter.service</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Description=redis_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis_exporter -redis.addr ip:port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更新内核并启动，自启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">daemon-reload</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">start</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis_exporter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">enable</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis_exporter</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">status</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis_exporter</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 编写systemd服务</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">cat</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/systemd/system/redis_exporter.service</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&lt;&lt;</span><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Unit]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Description=redis_exporter</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">After=network.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Service]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Type=simple</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis_exporter -redis.addr ip:port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">Restart=on-failure</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">[Install]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#032F62;">EOF</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 更新内核并启动，自启动</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">daemon-reload</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">start</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis_exporter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">enable</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis_exporter</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">systemctl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">status</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis_exporter</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="grafana-prometheus" tabindex="-1">grafana+prometheus <a class="header-anchor" href="#grafana-prometheus" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;grafana+prometheus&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># docker-compose.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">grafana</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">grafana/grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">3000:3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">user</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/conf/grafana.ini:/etc/grafana/grafana.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/data:/var/lib/grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/provisioning/dashboards:/etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/provisioning/datasources:/etc/grafana/provisioning/datasources</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">prometheus</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">prom/prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">9090:9090</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">prometheus_data:/prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">TZ=Asia/shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">prometheus_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># docker-compose.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">grafana</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">grafana/grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">3000:3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">user</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/conf/grafana.ini:/etc/grafana/grafana.ini</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/data:/var/lib/grafana</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/provisioning/dashboards:/etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/grafana/provisioning/datasources:/etc/grafana/provisioning/datasources</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">prometheus</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">prom/prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">9090:9090</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/mnt/data/docker/monitor/prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">prometheus_data:/prometheus</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">TZ=Asia/shanghai</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">prometheus_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span></code></pre></div><p>prometheus.yml</p><div class="language-yml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">global</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">15s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">evaluation_interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">15s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">scrape_configs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">job_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;linux&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">5s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">targets</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.2.66:9100&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">labels</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">job_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;redis&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">5s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">targets</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.2.66:9121&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">labels</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">job_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;cadvisor&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">targets</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.2.66:28080&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">labels</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">instance</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">global</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">15s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">evaluation_interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">15s</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">scrape_configs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">job_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;linux&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">5s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">targets</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.2.66:9100&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">labels</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">job_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;redis&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">scrape_interval</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">5s</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">targets</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.2.66:9121&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">labels</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">job_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;cadvisor&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">static_configs</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#22863A;">targets</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;192.168.2.66:28080&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">        </span><span style="color:#22863A;">labels</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">          </span><span style="color:#22863A;">instance</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">home-server-ubuntu</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li>grafana.ini 从空白容器里复制出一份</li></ul><div class="language-ini vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">ini</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">docker cp grafana:/etc/grafana.ini ~/</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">docker cp grafana:/etc/grafana.ini ~/</span></span></code></pre></div><ul><li><p>grafana监控大盘模板</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12633-linux/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">12633</a>(Linux主机详情)</p></li><li><p><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/1860-node-exporter-full/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">1860</a>(Node Exporter Full)</p></li><li><p><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/193-docker-monitoring/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">193</a>(Docker monitoring)</p></li><li><p><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/14282-cadvisor-exporter/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">14282</a>(Cadvisor exporter)</p></li><li><p><a href="https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11835-redis-dashboard-for-prometheus-redis-exporter-helm-stable-redis-ha/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">11835</a>(Redis Dashboard)</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="bitwarden" tabindex="-1">Bitwarden <a class="header-anchor" href="#bitwarden" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Bitwarden&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p><a href="https://bitwarden.com/help/install-on-premise-linux/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://bitwarden.com/help/install-on-premise-linux/</a></p></blockquote><h4 id="configure-your-domain" tabindex="-1">Configure your domain <a class="header-anchor" href="#configure-your-domain" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Configure your domain&quot;">​</a></h4><p>配置域名解析，Bitwarden默认使用<code>80</code>和<code>443</code>端口，可以执行安装后在<code>bwdata/config.yaml</code>修改端口</p><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">http_prt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">https_port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">443</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">http_prt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">https_port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">443</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>修改完<code>bwdata/config.yaml</code>后需要执行<code>./bitwarden.sh rebuild</code></p></blockquote><h4 id="install-docker-and-docker-compose" tabindex="-1">Install Docker and Docker Compose <a class="header-anchor" href="#install-docker-and-docker-compose" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Install Docker and Docker Compose&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sudo sh</code></p><h4 id="create-a-bitwarden-user-directory-from-which-to-complete-installation" tabindex="-1">Create a Bitwarden user &amp; directory from which to complete installation. <a class="header-anchor" href="#create-a-bitwarden-user-directory-from-which-to-complete-installation" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Create a Bitwarden user &amp; directory from which to complete installation.&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">adduser</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">passwd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">groupadd</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">usermod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-aG</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">docker</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">700</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">chown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-R</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden:bitwarden</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">adduser</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">passwd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">groupadd</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">usermod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-aG</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">docker</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">mkdir</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-R</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">700</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">sudo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">chown</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-R</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden:bitwarden</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/opt/bitwarden</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="retrieve-an-installation-id-and-key-from-https-bitwarden-com-host-for-use-in-installation" tabindex="-1">Retrieve an installation id and key from <a href="https://bitwarden.com/host/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><strong>https://bitwarden.com/host</strong></a> for use in installation. <a class="header-anchor" href="#retrieve-an-installation-id-and-key-from-https-bitwarden-com-host-for-use-in-installation" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Retrieve an installation id and key from [**https://bitwarden.com/host**](https://bitwarden.com/host/) for use in installation.&quot;">​</a></h4><p>For more information, see <a href="https://bitwarden.com/help/hosting-faqs/#general" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">What are my installation id and installation key used for?</a></p><h4 id="install-bitwarden-on-your-machine" tabindex="-1">Install Bitwarden on your machine. <a class="header-anchor" href="#install-bitwarden-on-your-machine" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Install Bitwarden on your machine.&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">curl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-Lso</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://func.bitwarden.com/api/dl/?app=self-host&amp;platform=linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">700</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">bitwarden.sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">./bitwarden.sh</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">install</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">curl</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-Lso</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://func.bitwarden.com/api/dl/?app=self-host&amp;platform=linux&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">700</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">bitwarden.sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">./bitwarden.sh</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">install</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="configure-your-environment-by-adjusting-settings-in-bwdata-env-global-override-env" tabindex="-1">Configure your environment by adjusting settings in <code>./bwdata/env/global.override.env</code>. <a class="header-anchor" href="#configure-your-environment-by-adjusting-settings-in-bwdata-env-global-override-env" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Configure your environment by adjusting settings in `./bwdata/env/global.override.env`.&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__replyToEmail</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=email@example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__host</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=smtp.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__port</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=465</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__ssl</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__username</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=email@example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__password</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=password</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">globalSettings__disableUserRegistration</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=true </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 禁止注册</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__replyToEmail</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=email@example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__host</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=smtp.qq.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__port</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=465</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__ssl</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__username</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=email@example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__mail__smtp__password</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=password</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">globalSettings__disableUserRegistration</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=true </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 禁止注册</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>修改完后执行<code>./bitwarden.sh restart</code></p></blockquote><h4 id="start-your-instance" tabindex="-1">Start your instance <a class="header-anchor" href="#start-your-instance" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Start your instance&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>./bitwarden.sh start</code></p><h4 id="backing-up-your-server" tabindex="-1">backing up your server <a class="header-anchor" href="#backing-up-your-server" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;backing up your server&quot;">​</a></h4><p>backup <code>bwdata</code> folder</p><h4 id="migration" tabindex="-1">migration <a class="header-anchor" href="#migration" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;migration&quot;">​</a></h4><blockquote><p><a href="https://bitwarden.com/help/migration/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://bitwarden.com/help/migration/</a></p><p>如果低版本迁移到高版本，覆盖bwdata后，先执行./bitwarden.sh update</p></blockquote><h4 id="client" tabindex="-1">Client <a class="header-anchor" href="#client" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Client&quot;">​</a></h4><p><a href="https://bitwarden.com/download/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://bitwarden.com/download</a></p><h3 id="hoppscotch" tabindex="-1">Hoppscotch <a class="header-anchor" href="#hoppscotch" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Hoppscotch&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/hoppscotch/hoppscotch" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/hoppscotch/hoppscotch</a></p></blockquote><h4 id="docker-compose-yml" tabindex="-1">docker-compose.yml <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-compose-yml" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker-compose.yml&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;3.8&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hoppscotch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">hoppscotch/hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;53000:3000&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;53100:3100&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;53170:3170&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">env_file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">links</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">postgresql</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">container_name</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_DB</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">db</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;5432:5432&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">restart</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">postgres_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">networks</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">hoppscotch</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;3.8&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">hoppscotch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">hoppscotch/hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;53000:3000&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;53100:3100&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;53170:3170&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">env_file</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">links</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">postgresql</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">container_name</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgresql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_DB</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">db</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;5432:5432&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">restart</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">unless-stopped</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">hoppscotch</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">postgres_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">networks</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">hoppscotch</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="env" tabindex="-1">.env <a class="header-anchor" href="#env" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.env&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#-----------------------Backend Config------------------------------#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Prisma Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DATABASE_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=postgresql://user:passwd@postgresql:5432/db</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Auth Tokens Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">JWT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">TOKEN_SALT_COMPLEXITY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAGIC_LINK_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">= 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REFRESH_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;604800000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Default validity is 7 days (604800000 ms) in ms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ACCESS_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;86400000&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Default validity is 1 day (86400000 ms) in ms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">SESSION_SECRET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Hoppscotch App Domain Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REDIRECT_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">WHITELISTED_ORIGINS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend,https://hoppscotch.example.com,https://hoppadmin.example.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_ALLOWED_AUTH_PROVIDERS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=GITHUB</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Google Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CALLBACK_URL=&quot;http://hoppscotch.example.com:3170/v1/auth/google/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_SCOPE=&quot;email,profilstoryxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Github Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GITHUB_CLIENT_ID</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GITHUB_CALLBACK_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/v1/auth/github/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GITHUB_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user:email&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Microsoft Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CLIENT_ID=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CLIENT_SECRET=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CALLBACK_URL=&quot;http://hoppscotch.example.com:3170/v1/auth/microsoft/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_SCOPE=&quot;user.read&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_TENANT=&quot;common&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Mailer config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAILER_SMTP_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;smtps://user@domain.com:passwd@smtp.domain.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAILER_ADDRESS_FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;user@domain.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Rate Limit Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RATE_LIMIT_TTL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=60 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># In seconds</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RATE_LIMIT_MAX</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=100 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Max requests per IP</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#-----------------------Frontend Config------------------------------#</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Base URLs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_BASE_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_SHORTCODE_BASE_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_ADMIN_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://hoppadmin.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Backend URLs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_BACKEND_GQL_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/graphql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_BACKEND_WS_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=wss://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/ws/graphql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_BACKEND_API_URL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/v1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Terms Of Service And Privacy Policy Links (Optional)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_APP_TOS_LINK</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://docs.hoppscotch.io/support/terms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">VITE_APP_PRIVACY_POLICY_LINK</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=https://docs.hoppscotch.io/support/privacy</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#-----------------------Backend Config------------------------------#</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Prisma Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DATABASE_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=postgresql://user:passwd@postgresql:5432/db</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Auth Tokens Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">JWT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">TOKEN_SALT_COMPLEXITY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAGIC_LINK_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">= 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REFRESH_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;604800000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Default validity is 7 days (604800000 ms) in ms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ACCESS_TOKEN_VALIDITY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;86400000&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Default validity is 1 day (86400000 ms) in ms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">SESSION_SECRET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;xxx&#39;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Hoppscotch App Domain Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REDIRECT_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">WHITELISTED_ORIGINS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend,https://hoppscotch.example.com,https://hoppadmin.example.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_ALLOWED_AUTH_PROVIDERS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=GITHUB</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Google Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_CALLBACK_URL=&quot;http://hoppscotch.example.com:3170/v1/auth/google/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#GOOGLE_SCOPE=&quot;email,profilstoryxc</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Github Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GITHUB_CLIENT_ID</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;xxx&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GITHUB_CALLBACK_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/v1/auth/github/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GITHUB_SCOPE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user:email&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Microsoft Auth Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CLIENT_ID=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CLIENT_SECRET=&quot;************************************************&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_CALLBACK_URL=&quot;http://hoppscotch.example.com:3170/v1/auth/microsoft/callback&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_SCOPE=&quot;user.read&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#MICROSOFT_TENANT=&quot;common&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Mailer config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAILER_SMTP_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;smtps://user@domain.com:passwd@smtp.domain.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAILER_ADDRESS_FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;user@domain.com&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Rate Limit Config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RATE_LIMIT_TTL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=60 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># In seconds</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RATE_LIMIT_MAX</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=100 </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Max requests per IP</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#-----------------------Frontend Config------------------------------#</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Base URLs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_BASE_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_SHORTCODE_BASE_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_ADMIN_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://hoppadmin.example.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Backend URLs</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_BACKEND_GQL_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/graphql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_BACKEND_WS_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=wss://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/ws/graphql</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_BACKEND_API_URL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://hoppscotch.example.com/backend/v1</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Terms Of Service And Privacy Policy Links (Optional)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_APP_TOS_LINK</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://docs.hoppscotch.io/support/terms</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">VITE_APP_PRIVACY_POLICY_LINK</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=https://docs.hoppscotch.io/support/privacy</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="hoppscotch-example-com-conf" tabindex="-1">hoppscotch.example.com.conf <a class="header-anchor" href="#hoppscotch-example-com-conf" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;hoppscotch.example.com.conf&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">443</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             [::]:443 ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        hoppscotch.example.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># SSL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_certificate </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    /etc/nginx/ssl/hoppscotch.example.com.crt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_certificate_key </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/etc/nginx/ssl/hoppscotch.example.com.key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_session_timeout </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">5m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#请按照以下协议配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_ciphers </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#表示使用的加密套件的类型。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_protocols </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># security</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># logging</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> access_log </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         /var/log/nginx/access.log combined buffer=512k flush=1m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> error_log </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          /var/log/nginx/error.log</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;"> warn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># additional config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/backend/ws/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http://127.0.0.1:53170/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Upgrade $http_upgrade;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Connection </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Upgrade&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">X-Real-IP $remote_addr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/backend/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http://127.0.0.1:53170/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http://127.0.0.1:53000/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># HTTP redirect</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     [::]:80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">hoppscotch.example.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">301</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> https://hoppscotch.example.com$request_uri;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">             </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">443</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">             [::]:443 ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">        hoppscotch.example.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># SSL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_certificate </span><span style="color:#24292E;">    /etc/nginx/ssl/hoppscotch.example.com.crt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_certificate_key </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/etc/nginx/ssl/hoppscotch.example.com.key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_session_timeout </span><span style="color:#24292E;">5m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#请按照以下协议配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_ciphers </span><span style="color:#24292E;">ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#表示使用的加密套件的类型。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_protocols </span><span style="color:#24292E;">TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># security</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># logging</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> access_log </span><span style="color:#24292E;">         /var/log/nginx/access.log combined buffer=512k flush=1m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> error_log </span><span style="color:#24292E;">          /var/log/nginx/error.log</span><span style="color:#005CC5;"> warn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># additional config</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/backend/ws/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#24292E;">http://127.0.0.1:53170/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">Upgrade $http_upgrade;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">Connection </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Upgrade&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">X-Real-IP $remote_addr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/backend/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#24292E;">http://127.0.0.1:53170/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#24292E;">http://127.0.0.1:53000/;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># HTTP redirect</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">     [::]:80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">hoppscotch.example.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">301</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> https://hoppscotch.example.com$request_uri;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="kutt" tabindex="-1">kutt <a class="header-anchor" href="#kutt" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kutt&quot;">​</a></h3><blockquote><p><a href="https://github.com/thedevs-network/kutt" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/thedevs-network/kutt</a></p></blockquote><h4 id="docker-compose-yml-1" tabindex="-1">docker-compose.yml <a class="header-anchor" href="#docker-compose-yml-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;docker-compose.yml&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-yaml vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">yaml</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">services</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">kutt</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kutt/kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">command</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;./wait-for-it.sh&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;postgres:5432&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;npm&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">ports</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;3000:3000&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">env_file</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DB_HOST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DB_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DB_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">DB_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">REDIS_HOST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">redis</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis:6.0-alpine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">redis_data:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">postgres</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres:12-alpine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">POSTGRES_DB</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      - </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#85E89D;">volumes</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">redis_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#85E89D;">postgres_data</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">version</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">services</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">kutt</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kutt/kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">depends_on</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">command</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: [</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;./wait-for-it.sh&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;postgres:5432&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;--&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;npm&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">, </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;start&quot;</span><span style="color:#24292E;">]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">ports</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;3000:3000&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">env_file</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">.env</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">DB_HOST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">DB_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">DB_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">DB_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">REDIS_HOST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">redis</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis:6.0-alpine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">redis_data:/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">postgres</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">image</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres:12-alpine</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">environment</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#22863A;">POSTGRES_DB</span><span style="color:#24292E;">: </span><span style="color:#032F62;">kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">      - </span><span style="color:#032F62;">postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#22863A;">volumes</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">redis_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#22863A;">postgres_data</span><span style="color:#24292E;">:</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="env-1" tabindex="-1">.env <a class="header-anchor" href="#env-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;.env&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># App port to run on</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">PORT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The name of the site where Kutt is hosted</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">SITE_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=Kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The domain that this website is on</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT_DOMAIN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=kutt.domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Generated link length</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">LINK_LENGTH</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Postgres database credential details</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_HOST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_PORT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=5432</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_NAME</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DB_SSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Redis host and port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REDIS_HOST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REDIS_PORT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=6379</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REDIS_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REDIS_DB</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Disable registration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DISALLOW_REGISTRATION</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Disable anonymous link creation</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DISALLOW_ANONYMOUS_LINKS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The daily limit for each user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">USER_LIMIT_PER_DAY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=50</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Create a cooldown for non-logged in users in minutes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Set 0 to disable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">NON_USER_COOLDOWN</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Max number of visits for each link to have detailed stats</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">DEFAULT_MAX_STATS_PER_LINK</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=5000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Use HTTPS for links with custom domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CUSTOM_DOMAIN_USE_HTTPS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># A passphrase to encrypt JWT. Use a long and secure key.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">JWT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Admin emails so they can access admin actions on settings page</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Comma seperated</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">ADMIN_EMAILS</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Invisible reCaptcha secret key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Create one in https://www.google.com/recaptcha/intro/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Google Cloud API to prevent from users from submitting malware URLs.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Get it from https://developers.google.com/safe-browsing/v4/get-started</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">GOOGLE_SAFE_BROWSING_KEY</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Your email host details to use to send verification emails.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># More info on http://nodemailer.com/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Mail from example &quot;Kutt &lt;support@kutt.it&gt;&quot;. Leave empty to use MAIL_USER</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_HOST</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=smtp.domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_PORT</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=465</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_SECURE</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_USER</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_FROM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">MAIL_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The email address that will receive submitted reports.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">REPORT_EMAIL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Support email to show on the app</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">CONTACT_EMAIL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">=</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># App port to run on</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">PORT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=3000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The name of the site where Kutt is hosted</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">SITE_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=Kutt</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The domain that this website is on</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT_DOMAIN</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=kutt.domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Generated link length</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">LINK_LENGTH</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=5</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Postgres database credential details</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_HOST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_PORT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=5432</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_NAME</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=postgres</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DB_SSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Redis host and port</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REDIS_HOST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=redis</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REDIS_PORT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=6379</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REDIS_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REDIS_DB</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Disable registration</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DISALLOW_REGISTRATION</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Disable anonymous link creation</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DISALLOW_ANONYMOUS_LINKS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The daily limit for each user</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">USER_LIMIT_PER_DAY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=50</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Create a cooldown for non-logged in users in minutes</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Set 0 to disable</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">NON_USER_COOLDOWN</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=0</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Max number of visits for each link to have detailed stats</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">DEFAULT_MAX_STATS_PER_LINK</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=5000</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Use HTTPS for links with custom domain</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CUSTOM_DOMAIN_USE_HTTPS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=false</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># A passphrase to encrypt JWT. Use a long and secure key.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">JWT_SECRET</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Admin emails so they can access admin actions on settings page</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Comma seperated</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">ADMIN_EMAILS</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Invisible reCaptcha secret key</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Create one in https://www.google.com/recaptcha/intro/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Google Cloud API to prevent from users from submitting malware URLs.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Get it from https://developers.google.com/safe-browsing/v4/get-started</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">GOOGLE_SAFE_BROWSING_KEY</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Your email host details to use to send verification emails.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># More info on http://nodemailer.com/</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Mail from example &quot;Kutt &lt;support@kutt.it&gt;&quot;. Leave empty to use MAIL_USER</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_HOST</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=smtp.domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_PORT</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=465</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_SECURE</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=true</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_USER</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_FROM</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=user@domain.com</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">MAIL_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=passwd</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># The email address that will receive submitted reports.</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">REPORT_EMAIL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># Support email to show on the app</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">CONTACT_EMAIL</span><span style="color:#24292E;">=</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="kutt-domain-com-conf" tabindex="-1">kutt.domain.com.conf <a class="header-anchor" href="#kutt-domain-com-conf" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;kutt.domain.com.conf&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-nginx vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">nginx</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">443</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">             [::]:443 ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">        kutt.domain.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># SSL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_certificate </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    /etc/nginx/ssl/kutt.domain.com.crt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_certificate_key </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">/etc/nginx/ssl/kutt.domain.com.key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_session_timeout </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">5m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#请按照以下协议配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_ciphers </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#表示使用的加密套件的类型。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> ssl_protocols </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># security</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> include </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">            nginxconfig.io/security.conf;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># logging</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> access_log </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">         /var/log/nginx/access_kutt.log combined buffer=512k flush=1m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> error_log </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">          /var/log/nginx/error_kutt.log</span><span style="color:#79B8FF;"> warn</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># additional config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#include             nginxconfig.io/general.conf;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">location</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">/ </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">http://127.0.0.1:3000;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">Host $host;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">X-Real-IP $remote_addr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">       </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># HTTP redirect</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">server</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">80</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> listen </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">     [::]:80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">   </span><span style="color:#F97583;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">.kutt.domain.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#F97583;">return</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">      </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">301</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> https://kutt.domain.com$request_uri;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">             </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">443</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">             [::]:443 ssl;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">        kutt.domain.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># SSL</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_certificate </span><span style="color:#24292E;">    /etc/nginx/ssl/kutt.domain.com.crt;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_certificate_key </span><span style="color:#24292E;">/etc/nginx/ssl/kutt.domain.com.key;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_session_timeout </span><span style="color:#24292E;">5m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#请按照以下协议配置</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_ciphers </span><span style="color:#24292E;">ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#表示使用的加密套件的类型。</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> ssl_protocols </span><span style="color:#24292E;">TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># security</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> include </span><span style="color:#24292E;">            nginxconfig.io/security.conf;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># logging</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> access_log </span><span style="color:#24292E;">         /var/log/nginx/access_kutt.log combined buffer=512k flush=1m;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> error_log </span><span style="color:#24292E;">          /var/log/nginx/error_kutt.log</span><span style="color:#005CC5;"> warn</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># additional config</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#include             nginxconfig.io/general.conf;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">location</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/ </span><span style="color:#24292E;">{</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#24292E;">http://127.0.0.1:3000;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">Host $host;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">X-Real-IP $remote_addr;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">       </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> proxy_set_header </span><span style="color:#24292E;">X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    }</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;"># HTTP redirect</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">server</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> {</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">     </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">80</span><span style="color:#24292E;">;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> listen </span><span style="color:#24292E;">     [::]:80;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">   </span><span style="color:#D73A49;"> server_name </span><span style="color:#24292E;">.kutt.domain.com;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">return</span><span style="color:#24292E;">      </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">301</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> https://kutt.domain.com$request_uri;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/tinker/network/家庭服务器home server搭建.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/tinker/network/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%89%E7%8C%AB%E6%94%B9%E6%A1%A5%E6%8E%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>移动光猫改桥接模式</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/tinker/network/frp%E5%86%85%E7%BD%91%E7%A9%BF%E9%80%8F.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>frp内网穿透</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/tinker/network/windows%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BDwebdav%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>windows挂载webdav的问题处理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/tinker/network/pt%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>pt下载入门</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/tinker/network/openwrt%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AFipv6.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>openwrt开启ipv6</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-e31bd47b data-v-e31bd47b><div class="item" data-v-e31bd47b><div class="indicator" data-v-e31bd47b></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/tinker/network/%E5%B1%B1%E7%89%B9ups%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88nut%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%96%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%BA.html" data-v-e31bd47b><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-e31bd47b>山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-1919c326 data-v-669faec9><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-669faec9 data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-6b87e69f></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="aside-content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _tinker_network_%E5%B1%B1%E7%89%B9ups%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88nut%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%96%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%BA" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机" tabindex="-1">山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机 <a class="header-anchor" href="#山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>搞了7*24小时服务器之后经历了两次突然断电，每次重启磁盘检查都要卡很久，夏天一到用电量骤升，市电断电和跳闸的几率都增加了。万一多来几次突然断电，磁盘阵列可能要挂了，更关键的是数据无价啊，ups还是少不了。</p><h2 id="选择" tabindex="-1">选择 <a class="header-anchor" href="#选择" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;选择&quot;">​</a></h2><p>因为不是成品nas系统，想实现自动关机得依靠linux上已有的软件。而我对<code>apcupsd</code> 这款软件有所耳闻，所以第一选择就去看了新款的<code>apc bk650m2-ch</code> ，快下单了才得知新款不支持apcupsd，然后就听网友的建议看了山特的<code>box600</code>和<code>box850</code> ，山特这个型号有两排插座，一排防雷+不断电，一排是防雷，还省了了插排钱，自带的usb通讯端口可以通过<code>nut</code> 软件进行管理，实现自动关机以及自定义脚本执行等功能，虽然电池容量小了点，但是能省就省吧，最后下单了box600。</p><h2 id="nut安装及配置" tabindex="-1">nut安装及配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#nut安装及配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;nut安装及配置&quot;">​</a></h2><p>ups机器本身没什么可讲的，把附带的rj45接ups，usb线接主机，再把主机电源插在ups的不断电插口上，接着给ups通电即可。主要介绍下nut的使用和配置。</p><h3 id="安装nut" tabindex="-1">安装nut <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装nut" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装nut&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>apt install nut</code></p><h3 id="配置驱动" tabindex="-1">配置驱动 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置驱动" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置驱动&quot;">​</a></h3><p>首先可以用<code>lsusb</code>命令查看是否接入了ups，能看到ups即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220524232436626.png" alt="image-20220524232436626"></p><p>然后编辑ups配置文件<code>vim /etc/nut/ups.conf</code>,增加配置如下</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">maxretry = 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">[santak]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        driver = usbhid-ups</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        port = auto</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        desc = &quot;my ups&quot;</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">maxretry = 3</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">[santak]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        driver = usbhid-ups</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        port = auto</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        desc = &quot;my ups&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><p>santak是ups的设备名，可以自定义，后续有些命令这个设备名还会用到</p><h3 id="配置nut服务" tabindex="-1">配置nut服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置nut服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置nut服务&quot;">​</a></h3><h4 id="新建ups用户" tabindex="-1">新建ups用户 <a class="header-anchor" href="#新建ups用户" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;新建ups用户&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>vim /etc/nut/upsd.users</code>新增配置</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">[ups]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        password = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">        upsmon master</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">[ups]</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        password = xxx</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">        upsmon master</span></span></code></pre></div><p><code>ups</code>为用户名，<code>xxx</code>为密码，<code>upsmon master</code>为运行模式</p><h4 id="配置权限" tabindex="-1">配置权限 <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置权限" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置权限&quot;">​</a></h4><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root:nut</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsd.conf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsd.users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0640</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsd.conf</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsd.users</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chown</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root:nut</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsd.conf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsd.users</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0640</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsd.conf</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsd.users</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="启动nut服务" tabindex="-1">启动nut服务 <a class="header-anchor" href="#启动nut服务" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;启动nut服务&quot;">​</a></h4><p><code>vim /etc/nut/nut.conf</code>修改模式为单机</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">MODE=standalone</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">MODE=standalone</span></span></code></pre></div><p>启动upsd服务</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/sbin/upsd</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/sbin/upsd</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="查看ups信息" tabindex="-1">查看ups信息 <a class="header-anchor" href="#查看ups信息" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;查看ups信息&quot;">​</a></h4><p>查看全部</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/bin/upsc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">santak@localhost</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 这里的santak就是上面的设备名</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/bin/upsc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">santak@localhost</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 这里的santak就是上面的设备名</span></span></code></pre></div><p>查看某个信息在后面接信息类别就行，例如查看电量</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/bin/upsc</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">santak@127.0.0.1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">battery.charge</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">Init</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">SSL</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">without</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">certificate</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">database</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">100</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/bin/upsc</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">santak@127.0.0.1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">battery.charge</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">Init</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">SSL</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">without</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">certificate</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">database</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">100</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="设置自动关机" tabindex="-1">设置自动关机 <a class="header-anchor" href="#设置自动关机" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;设置自动关机&quot;">​</a></h2><p>nut服务会在UPS发送<code>LOWBATT</code>时通知机器关机，触发时机默认为ups电量剩余<code>20%</code> 。我们需要添加upsmon配置<code>vim /etc/nut/upsmon.conf</code></p><p>在<code>MONITOR</code>监视器部分添加配置</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">MONITOR santak@localhost 1 ups xxx master</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;"># MONITOR 设备名@ip 1 用户名 密码 节点</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">MONITOR santak@localhost 1 ups xxx master</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"></span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;"># MONITOR 设备名@ip 1 用户名 密码 节点</span></span></code></pre></div><p>授权</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chown</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root:nut</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsmon.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">chmod</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">0640</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/etc/nut/upsmon.conf</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chown</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root:nut</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsmon.conf</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">chmod</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">0640</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/etc/nut/upsmon.conf</span></span></code></pre></div><p>启动upsmon</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">/sbin/upsmon</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">/sbin/upsmon</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="自定义脚本" tabindex="-1">自定义脚本 <a class="header-anchor" href="#自定义脚本" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;自定义脚本&quot;">​</a></h2><p>实际上配置完上面的内容已经可以实现断电时安全关机了，但喜欢折腾的还可以自定义触发事件的脚本</p><h3 id="修改upsmon配置" tabindex="-1">修改upsmon配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#修改upsmon配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;修改upsmon配置&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>vim /etc/nut/upsmon.conf</code>添加内容</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">NOTIFYCMD /sbin/upssched</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">NOTIFYCMD /sbin/upssched</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这个配置的作用是发生事件是运行<code>upssched</code>程序</p><p>设置触发条件,三个动作分别是记录日志+通知所有用户发生了事件+执行notifycmd，也就是<code>/sbin/upssched</code></p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">NOTIFYFLAG ONBATT SYSLOG+WALL+EXEC</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">NOTIFYFLAG ONBATT SYSLOG+WALL+EXEC</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="配置upssched" tabindex="-1">配置upssched <a class="header-anchor" href="#配置upssched" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;配置upssched&quot;">​</a></h3><p><code>vim /etc/nut/upssched.conf</code>编辑内容</p><div class="language-txt vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">txt</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">CMDSCRIPT /usr/local/bin/upssched</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">PIPEFN /usr/local/bin/nut/upssched/upssched.pipe</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">LOCKFN /usr/local/bin/nut/upssched/upssched.lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">AT ONBATT * START-TIMER power-off 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#e1e4e8;">AT ONLINE * CANCEL-TIMER power-off</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">CMDSCRIPT /usr/local/bin/upssched</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">PIPEFN /usr/local/bin/nut/upssched/upssched.pipe</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">LOCKFN /usr/local/bin/nut/upssched/upssched.lock</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">AT ONBATT * START-TIMER power-off 10</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292e;">AT ONLINE * CANCEL-TIMER power-off</span></span></code></pre></div><p>这段配置通过CMDSCRIPT指定了发生事件时需要执行的脚本，这个脚本可以根据需求自定义，在断电时(ONBATT/电池供电) 会启动一个10秒的timer，之后会执行power-off事件，这里涉及的文件nut用户都需要配置权限</p><h3 id="编写脚本" tabindex="-1">编写脚本 <a class="header-anchor" href="#编写脚本" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;编写脚本&quot;">​</a></h3><p>这个可以自定义，例如发邮件等操作，这里展示最基本的脚本格式，例如power-off事件发生时，将<code>断电了</code> 信息写入指定文件，还可以调用ups的指令<code>/sbin/upsmon -c fsd</code>执行立刻关机操作 (FSD = &quot;Forced Shutdown&quot;)</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#! /bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">case</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#FFAB70;">$1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  power-off)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&#39;===============断电了===============&#39;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#F97583;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/usr/local/bin/r.txt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#/sbin/upsmon -c fsd #立即通知关机</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">  </span><span style="color:#F97583;">*</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    </span><span style="color:#B392F0;">logger</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-t</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">upssched</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Unrecognized command: </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">$1</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#E1E4E8;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#F97583;">esac</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6A737D;">#! /bin/sh</span></span>
+<span class="line"></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">case</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#E36209;">$1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">in</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  power-off)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">echo</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&#39;===============断电了===============&#39;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">&gt;&gt;</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/usr/local/bin/r.txt</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6A737D;">#/sbin/upsmon -c fsd #立即通知关机</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">  </span><span style="color:#D73A49;">*</span><span style="color:#24292E;">)</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    </span><span style="color:#6F42C1;">logger</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-t</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">upssched</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;Unrecognized command: </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">$1</span><span style="color:#032F62;">&quot;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#24292E;">    ;;</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#D73A49;">esac</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/tinker/network/山特ups配合nut实现断电安全关机.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/tinker/network/openwrt%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AFipv6.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>openwrt开启ipv6</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><!----></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="移动光猫改桥接模式" tabindex="-1">移动光猫改桥接模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#移动光猫改桥接模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;移动光猫改桥接模式&quot;">​</a></h1><p>坐标广东，移动千兆宽带，服务商的光猫是带路由功能的，但是性能极差，且跑不满带宽。然后我就在公司福利商城买了个小米的A4路由器千兆版，但是拨号还是光猫，然后就动手折腾了下，光猫改桥接模式，拨号功能改为路由器执行。这样把光猫和路由器指责剥离开来，光猫就负责光转电，路由器则进行拨号和提供Wi-Fi功能。</p><h2 id="具体操作" tabindex="-1">具体操作 <a class="header-anchor" href="#具体操作" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;具体操作&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="拿到光猫后台的超级管理员账户密码" tabindex="-1">拿到光猫后台的超级管理员账户密码 <a class="header-anchor" href="#拿到光猫后台的超级管理员账户密码" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;拿到光猫后台的超级管理员账户密码&quot;">​</a></h3><p>从网上找到的：</p><p>账号：<code>CMCCAdmin</code></p><p>密码：<code>aDm8H%MdA</code></p><p>这个可能各地不同，如果不行就要找宽带安装师傅或者移动问了。</p><h3 id="用管理员登录后台修改配置" tabindex="-1">用管理员登录后台修改配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#用管理员登录后台修改配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;用管理员登录后台修改配置&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>选择网络tab页，在宽带设置中找到名字带有INTERNET的那个连接，这个链接应该是路由模式，把使能单选去掉，把选中的lan口也去掉， 记录下这个通道的vlanid备用，然后点击修改保存，这时候就把拨号禁用了。</li><li>新建一个连接，选择桥模式即桥接模式，勾选使能单选，勾选原来连接选中的lan口，填上刚才记录的vlanid，修改保存。</li></ol><h3 id="登录路由器后台修改配置" tabindex="-1">登录路由器后台修改配置 <a class="header-anchor" href="#登录路由器后台修改配置" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;登录路由器后台修改配置&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>将路由上网模式改为PPPoE拨号模式，输入自己的宽带账号密码，移动宽带账号为<code>手机号@139.gd</code>，密码如果不知道可以去移动app上修改宽带密码，输入后点击保存，路由器应该就可以可以进行拨号了</li></ol><div class="tip custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p><p>网络上有些教程说的是直接删掉光猫原有的那个路由模式连接配置，千万别这么干，一定要按照我这种方案取消使能和lan口的操作。这样只是相当于把那个连接禁用了，并不会删除，万一自己配置路由拨号不顺利，还可以重新启用原有的连接进行上网。如果删了，自己又没配置好，那就芭比Q了。</p></div></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/tinker/network/移动光猫改桥接模式.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg 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data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _tinker_vm_PVE%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%BA%E5%90%8E%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="pve虚拟机异常关机后磁盘检查处理" tabindex="-1">PVE虚拟机异常关机后磁盘检查处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#pve虚拟机异常关机后磁盘检查处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;PVE虚拟机异常关机后磁盘检查处理&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="背景" tabindex="-1">背景 <a class="header-anchor" href="#背景" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;背景&quot;">​</a></h2><p>pve虚拟机因为断电异常关机后，会出现重启无法进入系统的问题，并提示磁盘检查相关的异常，例如我碰到的提示</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">The</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">root</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">filesystem</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">on</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/mapper/pve-root</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">requires</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">a</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">manual</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">fsck</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">The</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">root</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">filesystem</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">on</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/mapper/pve-root</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">requires</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">a</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">manual</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">fsck</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="处理" tabindex="-1">处理 <a class="header-anchor" href="#处理" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;处理&quot;">​</a></h2><p>手动执行fsck命令<code>fsck -y /dev/mapper/pve-root</code>即可</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/tinker/vm/PVE异常关机后磁盘检查处理.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path 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_tinker_vm_VMWare%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E7%A7%8D%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="vmware虚拟机的几种网络连接模式" tabindex="-1">VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#vmware虚拟机的几种网络连接模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="简单结论" tabindex="-1">简单结论 <a class="header-anchor" href="#简单结论" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;简单结论&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>桥接模式：虚拟网络内的虚拟机都可以互相访问且能与物理机及外网设备访问，相当于一台独立的主机</li><li>NAT模式：外网设备都无法访问虚拟机，但是虚拟机可以访问</li><li>仅主机模式：虚拟机无法访问外网，只能和宿主机通信</li></ul><p>安装完VMWare后，会自动生成两个虚拟网卡：</p><ul><li>VMnet1：host网卡，用于host方式连接网络</li><li>VMnet8：NAT网卡，用于NAT方式连接网络，ip地址是随机生成的</li></ul><h2 id="区别" tabindex="-1">区别 <a class="header-anchor" href="#区别" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;区别&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="桥接模式" tabindex="-1">桥接模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#桥接模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;桥接模式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>桥接模式分为两种模式：</p><ul><li>直接把虚拟机的网卡接到物理网络，这种方法是虚拟机的网卡直接与物理机网卡进行通信 <ul><li>不推荐，有时候可能虚拟机无法连接到互联网</li></ul></li><li>选择特定虚拟网络，选择在虚拟网络编辑器中配置的桥接模式网卡，这种方法是通过一个虚拟网络进行桥接，相当于在<strong>虚拟网卡</strong>和<strong>物理机网卡</strong>之间加了一个虚拟网络VMnet0，VMnet0可以选择桥接的网卡是有线网卡还是无线网卡，如果物理机使用无线网卡上网，选择了有线网卡，虚拟机就无法上网，一般选择自动，让VMnet0自动选择能上网的网卡。</li></ul><p>桥接是虚拟机的网卡直接把数据包交给物理机的物理网卡进行处理，虚拟机必须有自己的ip、dns、网关信息</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421232404355.png" alt="image-20220421232404355"></p><h3 id="nat模式" tabindex="-1">NAT模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#nat模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;NAT模式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>NAT（Network Address Translation），网络地址转换，相当于在虚拟机和物理机之间添加了一个交换机，拥有NAT地址转换功能，能够自动把虚拟机的IP转换为与物理机在同一网段的IP。VMnet8是NAT模式，自带DHCP功能，能给虚拟机分配IP地址。能够实现虚拟机和物理机相互通信，虚拟机和外网通信，但是不能外网到虚拟机通信，如果想让虚拟机作为服务器不能选择该模式。</p><blockquote><p><em>DHCP</em>（动态主机配置协议）是一个局域网的网络协议。指的是由服务器控制一段IP地址范围，客户机登录服务器时就可以自动获得服务器分配的IP地址和子网掩码。</p></blockquote><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421232842082.png" alt="image-20220421232842082"></p><h3 id="仅主机模式" tabindex="-1">仅主机模式 <a class="header-anchor" href="#仅主机模式" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;仅主机模式&quot;">​</a></h3><p>内部虚拟机连接到一个可提供 DHCP 功能的虚拟网卡VMnet1上去，VMnet1相当于一个交换机，将虚拟机发来的数据包转发给物理网卡，但是物理网卡不会将该数据包向外转发。所以仅主机模式只能用于虚拟机与虚拟机之间、虚拟机与物理机之间的通信。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421232923906.png" alt="image-20220421232923906"></p><h3 id="lan区段" tabindex="-1">LAN区段 <a class="header-anchor" href="#lan区段" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;LAN区段&quot;">​</a></h3><p>相当于模拟出一个交换机或者集线器出来，把不同虚拟机连接起来，与物理机不进行数据交流，与外网也不进行数据交流，构建一个独立的网络。没有 DHCP 功能，需要手工配置 IP 或者单独配置 DHCP 服务器。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220421232954352.png" alt="image-20220421232954352"></p><h2 id="nat模式连不上网的解决" tabindex="-1">nat模式连不上网的解决 <a class="header-anchor" href="#nat模式连不上网的解决" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;nat模式连不上网的解决&quot;">​</a></h2><ol><li>vmware编辑-&gt; 虚拟网络编辑器重建nat网络，把之前的删掉，新建的同样选择VMnet8</li><li>如果还不能启动，去windows服务里查看<code>VMware DHCP Service</code>、<code>VMware NAT Service</code>、<code>VMware Workstation Server</code>服务开启，如果处于停止状态则启动，此外，要把VMnet8的ipv4地址和dns设置为自动获取</li></ol></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/tinker/vm/VMWare虚拟机的几种网络连接模式.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path 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data-v-6b87e69f data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-3f215769 data-v-6ae8e080><div class="content" data-v-6ae8e080><div class="outline-marker" data-v-6ae8e080></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" data-v-6ae8e080>On this page</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-6ae8e080> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-6ae8e080 data-v-d0ee3533><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-6b87e69f><div class="content-container" data-v-6b87e69f><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-6b87e69f><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _tinker_vm_%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85PVE%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA%E5%B9%B6%E5%9C%A8PVE%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85truenas" data-v-6b87e69f><div><h1 id="安装pve虚拟机并在pve安装truenas" tabindex="-1">安装PVE虚拟机并在PVE安装truenas <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装pve虚拟机并在pve安装truenas" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装PVE虚拟机并在PVE安装truenas&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="安装pve" tabindex="-1">安装PVE <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装pve" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装PVE&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="制作系统安装盘" tabindex="-1">制作系统安装盘 <a class="header-anchor" href="#制作系统安装盘" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;制作系统安装盘&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>下载rufus</li><li>下载pve最新镜像</li><li>rufus选择镜像并刷写到自己的U盘中</li></ol><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p>一般的系统选择iso镜像模式写入，安装pve需要选择dd镜像模式写入</p></div><h3 id="安装系统" tabindex="-1">安装系统 <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装系统" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装系统&quot;">​</a></h3><p>等待刷写完毕按照正常U盘安装系统流程安装，注意ip网关等配置即可</p><h2 id="pve中安装truenas-scale" tabindex="-1">PVE中安装Truenas Scale <a class="header-anchor" href="#pve中安装truenas-scale" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;PVE中安装Truenas Scale&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="上传iso镜像" tabindex="-1">上传iso镜像 <a class="header-anchor" href="#上传iso镜像" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;上传iso镜像&quot;">​</a></h3><p>官网下载truenas scale系统镜像，打开pve的配置地址，点击上传后选择下载好的镜像文件并上传</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104118496.png" alt="image-20220424104118496"></p><h2 id="创建虚拟机" tabindex="-1">创建虚拟机 <a class="header-anchor" href="#创建虚拟机" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;创建虚拟机&quot;">​</a></h2><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104248209.png" alt="image-20220424104248209"></p><p>操作系统选择刚上传的镜像</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104316127.png" alt="image-20220424104316127"></p><p>系统tab页默认即可，磁盘这里要注意<strong>总线/设备选择sata0，磁盘大小选择16即可，这里是分了一个虚拟的系统盘，不需要太大，因为truenas系统的系统引导盘和存储是分开的，分的太大在truenas中也无法用于存储</strong></p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104359163.png" alt="image-20220424104359163"></p><p>cpu根据情况设置，内存最小8G，建议尽可能大，truenas scale官方建议最好16G，因为truenas的文件系统很依赖内存。</p><h3 id="安装truenas" tabindex="-1">安装truenas <a class="header-anchor" href="#安装truenas" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;安装truenas&quot;">​</a></h3><p>启动刚创建的虚拟机，在选择系统安装盘界面按空格选中刚分配的16G磁盘，选择ok即可</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104822972.png" alt="image-20220424104822972"></p><p>然后输入root密码，安装完后选择3重启</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104905506.png" alt="image-20220424104905506"></p><p>随后等待系统安装完毕</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424104940291.png" alt="image-20220424104940291"></p><p>输入9选择关机</p><h3 id="给truenas分配存储盘" tabindex="-1">给truenas分配存储盘 <a class="header-anchor" href="#给truenas分配存储盘" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;给truenas分配存储盘&quot;">​</a></h3><ol><li>最简单的办法，直接添加虚拟硬盘</li></ol><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424105115934.png" alt="image-20220424105115934"></p><p>总线这里序号会默认自增，存储选择磁盘，我这里是只有一个固态硬盘，磁盘大小根据实际情况选择即可，添加即完成了虚拟硬盘的添加。</p><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424105147413.png" alt="image-20220424105147413"></p><ol start="2"><li><p>硬盘直通</p><p>1）直通单个硬盘</p><p>因为我这台测试机器只有一个固态硬盘，pve系统也装在这上面，所以无法用硬盘的直通，如果有多个机械盘，想直通给truenas，可以使用以下命令</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">ls</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-l</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看硬盘名称</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">ls</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-l</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#6A737D;"># 查看硬盘名称</span></span></code></pre></div><p><img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220424105554763.png" alt="image-20220424105554763"></p><p>这里sda对应就是我的唯一一个硬盘，后面的sda1、2、3都是分区，可以忽略，记录下磁盘名称ata-WDC_WD10EZEX-08WN4A0_WD-WCC6Y6EDC1NT，执行命令进行直通</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">qm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-sata1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ata-WDC_WD10EZEX-08WN4A0_WD-WCC6Y6EDC1NT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">update</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">VM</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">100</span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">:</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-sata1</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">ata-WDC_WD10EZEX-08WN4A0_WD-WCC6Y6EDC1NT</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">qm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-sata1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ata-WDC_WD10EZEX-08WN4A0_WD-WCC6Y6EDC1NT</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">---</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">返回</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">update</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">VM</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">100</span><span style="color:#032F62;">:</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-sata1</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">/dev/disk/by-id</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">ata-WDC_WD10EZEX-08WN4A0_WD-WCC6Y6EDC1NT</span></span></code></pre></div><p>看到这个返回信息即为直通成功，回到虚拟机下面可以看到已经新增了一个sata硬盘</p><p>命令拆解：</p><div class="language-shell vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">shell</span><pre class="shiki github-dark vp-code-dark"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">qm</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">set</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vm编号</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#79B8FF;">-总线编号</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">磁盘路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">vm编号为pve虚拟机中的编号，例如100，101，102等</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">总线编号为指定编号下要新增的硬盘总线编号，例如虚拟机下只有一个硬盘sata0，要新增的就是sata1，这里就要填sata1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#B392F0;">-</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">磁盘路径</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">就是/dev/disk/by-id/</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">+</span><span style="color:#E1E4E8;"> </span><span style="color:#9ECBFF;">我们上一步保存的硬盘名称</span></span></code></pre><pre class="shiki github-light vp-code-light"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">qm</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">set</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vm编号</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#005CC5;">-总线编号</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">磁盘路径</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">vm编号为pve虚拟机中的编号，例如100，101，102等</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">总线编号为指定编号下要新增的硬盘总线编号，例如虚拟机下只有一个硬盘sata0，要新增的就是sata1，这里就要填sata1</span></span>
+<span class="line"><span style="color:#6F42C1;">-</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">磁盘路径</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">就是/dev/disk/by-id/</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">+</span><span style="color:#24292E;"> </span><span style="color:#032F62;">我们上一步保存的硬盘名称</span></span></code></pre></div><p>2）添加PCI设备，直通sata控制器</p><p><strong>Proxmox VE(PVE)系统直通SATA Controller(SATA 控制器)，会把整个sata总线全部直通过去，就是直接将南桥或者直接把北桥连接的sata总线直通，那么有些主板sata接口就会全部被直通。</strong></p><div class="warning custom-block"><p class="custom-block-title">WARNING</p><p>如果PVE系统安装在sata硬盘中，会导致PVE无法启动，所以在直通sata控制器前要确认自己的PVE系统安装位置，或者直接安装到NVMe硬盘中</p></div></li></ol><p>​ <img src="https://storyxc.com/images/blog/image-20220425090446637.png" alt="image-20220425090446637"></p><ol start="3"><li>删除直通设备</li></ol><p><code>qm set vm编号 -delete 设备名</code>，例如要删除设备ID为100的虚拟机下直通的sata1</p><p>那就是<code>qm set 100 -delete sata1</code></p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-6b87e69f data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="edit-link" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/storyxc/document/edit/main/docs/tinker/vm/安装PVE虚拟机并在PVE安装truenas.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-ef5dee53><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-ef5dee53><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> 在 GitHub 上编辑此页<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-ef5dee53><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-ef5dee53 data-v-7de715c0>Last updated: <time datetime="2023-10-13T11:20:12.000Z" data-v-7de715c0></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-ef5dee53><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link prev" href="/tinker/vm/PVE%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%BA%E5%90%8E%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>PVE异常关机后磁盘检查处理</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-ef5dee53><a class="pager-link next" href="/tinker/network/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%89%E7%8C%AB%E6%94%B9%E6%A1%A5%E6%8E%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-ef5dee53><span class="desc" data-v-ef5dee53>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-ef5dee53>移动光猫改桥接模式</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-1919c326 data-v-e03eb2e1><div class="container" data-v-e03eb2e1><p class="message" data-v-e03eb2e1><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">豫ICP备19046036号</a></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-e03eb2e1>Copyright © 2019-2023<span><a href="https://storyxc.com" target="_blank" style="font-weight:bold"> story</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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